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Almikhlafi MA, Karami MM, Jana A, Alqurashi TM, Majrashi M, Alghamdi BS, Ashraf GM. Mitochondrial Medicine: A Promising Therapeutic Option Against Various Neurodegenerative Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1165-1183. [PMID: 36043795 PMCID: PMC10286591 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220830112408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal mitochondrial morphology and metabolic dysfunction have been observed in many neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Mitochondrial dysfunction can be caused by aberrant mitochondrial DNA, mutant nuclear proteins that interact with mitochondria directly or indirectly, or for unknown reasons. Since mitochondria play a significant role in neurodegeneration, mitochondriatargeted therapies represent a prosperous direction for the development of novel drug compounds that can be used to treat NDDs. This review gives a brief description of how mitochondrial abnormalities lead to various NDDs such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We further explore the promising therapeutic effectiveness of mitochondria- directed antioxidants, MitoQ, MitoVitE, MitoPBN, and dimebon. We have also discussed the possibility of mitochondrial gene therapy as a therapeutic option for these NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohannad A. Almikhlafi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Karami
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ankit Jana
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Thamer M. Alqurashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Majrashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badrah S. Alghamdi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- The Neuroscience Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Md. Ashraf
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Antuña E, Carlos Bermejo-Millo J, Caso-Onzain E, Caso-Peláez E, Potes Y, Coto-Montes A. Removal of Environmental Nanoparticles Increases Protein Synthesis and Energy Production in Healthy Humans. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:800011. [PMID: 35237574 PMCID: PMC8883322 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.800011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, industrial activity causes the environmental release of nanoparticles that have multiple adverse effects on population health. There is a clear correlation between the increase in particulate air pollution and the increases in mortality and morbidity rates in both adults and children, which demonstrates the toxic effects of these particles. However, the effect of particle removal on healthy individuals is unknown. Thus, in this preliminary study, we showed, for the first time, how the filtering equipment that we used significantly reduced a large amount of nanoparticles in a minimum time and induced a reduction of oxidative damage in healthy individuals of both sexes after 25, 50 and 100 days of exposure. These effects led to increased protein synthesis and enhanced mitochondrial efficiency, thus resulting in a highly significant triggering of ATP synthesis. These results not only provide insight into the chronic effects that environmental nanoparticles have on individuals prior to the development of pathologies but also demonstrate a system capable of reversing nanoparticle toxicity and allowing cellular energy recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Antuña
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. Del Hospital Universitario, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Bermejo-Millo
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. Del Hospital Universitario, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Enrique Caso-Onzain
- Innovación Unit, BiowAir Total Systems SL, C/Michel Faraday, Gijón, Spain.,Scientific CEO MyOmics SL, Gijón, Spain
| | - Enrique Caso-Peláez
- Scientific CEO MyOmics SL, Gijón, Spain.,System and Precision Medicine, Hospital Covadonga Gijón, Gijón, Spain.,Biomedical Unit, BiowAir Total Systems SL, Gijón, Spain
| | - Yaiza Potes
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. Del Hospital Universitario, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Coto-Montes
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. Del Hospital Universitario, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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Neurodegeneration-related beta-amyloid as autocatabolism-attenuator in a micro-in vivo system. IBRO Rep 2020; 9:319-323. [PMID: 33336107 PMCID: PMC7733039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bdelloids are adaptive models for studying aggregate-metabolism interactions. Starvation causes reversible organ shrinkage in bdelloids. The organ shrinkage is in connection with autocatabolic processes. Beta-amyloid attenuates the starvation-induced germovitellaria shrinkage. Human-type amyloid-aggregates are metabolism-regulators in two bdelloid species.
Investigation of human neurodegeneration-related aggregates of beta-amyloid 1–42 (Aβ42) on bdelloid rotifers is a novel interdisciplinary approach in life sciences. We reapplied an organ size-based in vivo monitoring system, exploring the autocatabolism-related alterations evoked by Aβ42, in a glucose-supplemented starvation model. The experientially easy-to-follow size reduction of the bilateral reproductive organ (germovitellaria) in fasted rotifers was rescued by Aβ42, serving as a nutrient source- and peptide sequence-specific attenuator of the organ shrinkage phase and enhancer of the regenerative one including egg reproduction. Recovery of the germovitellaria was significant in comparison with the greatly shrunken form. In contrast to the well-known neurotoxic Aβ42 (except the bdelloids) with specific regulatory roles, the artificially designed scrambled version (random order of amino acids) was inefficient in autocatabolism attenuation, behaving as negative control. This native Aβ42-related modulation of the ‘functionally reversible organ shrinkage’ can be a potential experiential and supramolecular marker of autocatabolism in vivo.
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Key Words
- AO, acridine orange
- AVOs, acidic vesicular organelles
- Acridine orange (PubChem CID: 62344)
- Autocatabolism
- Aβ, beta-amyloid
- Bdelloid rotifer
- Beta-amyloid
- BisANS (PubChem CID: 16213473)
- BisANS, 4,4′-dianilino-1,1′-binaphthyl-5,5′-disulfonic acid dipotassium salt
- ConA, Concanamycin A
- Concanamycin A (PubChem CID: 6438151)
- D0, Day 0
- D20, Day 20
- D25, Day 25
- FROS, functionally reversible organ shrinkage
- FROSi, FROS index
- Invertebrate
- Metabolism
- NFI%, percentage of normalized fluorescence intensity
- NaOH (PubChem CID: 14798)
- Neutral red (PubChem CID: 11105)
- Organ shrinkage
- PI, propidium-iodide
- Propidium-iodide (PubChem CID: 104981)
- S-Aβ42, scrambled isoform of Aβ
- SEM, standard error of the mean
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Datki Z, Olah Z, Hortobagyi T, Macsai L, Zsuga K, Fulop L, Bozso Z, Galik B, Acs E, Foldi A, Szarvas A, Kalman J. Exceptional in vivo catabolism of neurodegeneration-related aggregates. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:6. [PMID: 29378654 PMCID: PMC5789616 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are linked to a systemic enzyme resistance of toxic aggregated molecules and their pathological consequences. This paper presents a unique phenomenon that Philodina acuticornis, a bdelloid rotifer, is able to catabolize different types of neurotoxic peptide and protein aggregates (such as beta-amyloids /Aβ/, alpha-synuclein, and prion) without suffering any damage. P. acuticornis is capable of using these aggregates as an exclusive energy source (i.e., as 'food', identified in the digestive system and body) in a hermetically isolated microdrop environment, increasing their survival. As regards Aβ1-42, five other bdelloid rotifer species were also found to be able to perform this phenomenon. Based on our experiments, the Aβ1-42-treated bdelloid rotifers demonstrate significantly increased survival (e.g. mean lifespan = 51 ± 2.71 days) compared to their untreated controls (e.g. mean lifespan = 14 ± 2.29 days), with similar improvements in a variety of phenotypic characteristics. To our knowledge, no other animal species have so far been reported to have a similar capability. For all other microscopic species tested, including monogonant rotifers and non-rotifers, the treatment with Aβ1-42 aggregates proved to be either toxic or simply ineffective. This paper describes and proves the existence of an unprecedented in vivo catabolic capability of neurotoxic aggregates by bdelloid rotifers, with special focus on P. acuticornis. Our results may provide the basis for a new preclinical perspective on therapeutic research in human neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Datki
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Kalvaria sgt. 57, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary.
| | - Zita Olah
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Kalvaria sgt. 57, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary
| | - Tibor Hortobagyi
- MTA-DE Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Research Group, Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 24, Debrecen, H-4012, Hungary
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, Box PO70, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Lilla Macsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Kalvaria sgt. 57, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary
| | | | - Livia Fulop
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Bozso
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary
| | - Bence Galik
- Bioinformatics & Scientific Computing, Vienna Biocentre Core Facilities, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Acs
- Danube Research Institute, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Karolina ut 29-31, Budapest, H-1113, Hungary
- Sustainable Ecosystems Group, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Klebelsberg Kuno u. 3, Tihany, H-8237, Hungary
| | - Angela Foldi
- Sustainable Ecosystems Group, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Klebelsberg Kuno u. 3, Tihany, H-8237, Hungary
| | - Amanda Szarvas
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Kalvaria sgt. 57, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary
| | - Janos Kalman
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Kalvaria sgt. 57, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary
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Olah Z, Bush AI, Aleksza D, Galik B, Ivitz E, Macsai L, Janka Z, Karman Z, Kalman J, Datki Z. Novel in vivo experimental viability assays with high sensitivity and throughput capacity using a bdelloid rotifer. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 144:115-122. [PMID: 28605645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rotifers have been used in biological research as well-characterized models of aging. Their multi-organ characters and their sensitivity for chemicals and environmental changes make them useful as in vivo toxicological and lifespan models. Our aim was to create a bdelloid rotifer model to use in high-throughput viability and non-invasive assays. In order to identify our species Philodina acuticornis odiosa (PA), 18S rDNA-based phylogenetic analysis was carried out and their species-specific morphological markers identified. To execute the rotifer-based experiments, we developed an oil-covered water-drop methodology adapted from human in vitro fertilization techniques. This enables toxicological observations of individual one-housed rotifers in a closed and controllable micro-environment for up to several weeks. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and sodium azide (NaN3) exposures were used as well-understood toxins. The toxicity and survival lifespan (TSL), the bright light disturbance (BLD) the mastax contraction frequency (MCF) and the cellular reduction capacity (CRC), indices were recorded. These newly developed assays were used to test the effects of lethal and sublethal doses of the toxins. The results showed the expected dose-dependent decrease in indices. These four different assays can either be used independently or as an integrated system for studying rotifers. These new indices render the PA invertebrate rotifer model a quantitative system for measuring viability, toxicity and lifespan (with TSL), systemic reaction capacity (with BLD), organic functionality (with MCF) and reductive capability of rotifers (with CRC), in vivo. This novel multi-level system is a reliable, sensitive and replicable screening tool with potential application in pharmaceutical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zita Olah
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ashley I Bush
- Oxidation Biology Unit, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Aleksza
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bence Galik
- Bioinformatics & Scientific Computing, Vienna Biocenter Core Facilities, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eszter Ivitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lilla Macsai
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Janka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Karman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Janos Kalman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Datki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 982:621-646. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55330-6_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Guo XH, Li YH, Zhao YS, Zhai YZ, Zhang LC. Anti‑aging effects of melatonin on the myocardial mitochondria of rats and associated mechanisms. Mol Med Rep 2016; 15:403-410. [PMID: 27959405 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.6002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the anti-aging effects of melatonin on the myocardial mitochondria of D-galactose-aged rats and associated mechanisms. A total of 30 male Sprague‑Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three equal groups: An accelerated aging group that received 125 mg/kg/day D‑galactose; a melatonin‑treated group of D‑galactose‑aged rats that received 10 mg/kg/day melatonin; and a control group receiving normal saline. ATP, ADP and AMP levels in the left ventricular myocardium of rats were determined by high performance liquid chromatography and the total adenylic acid number (TAN) was subsequently calculated. Bax, Bcl‑2, and cytochrome c (cyt‑c) protein expression levels in myocardial mitochondria and cytoplasm were quantified by western blot analysis. In the melatonin‑treated group, ATP levels were significantly higher when compared with the untreated control group and the accelerated‑ageing group (0.068 vs. 0.052 and 0.058; P=0.002 and P=0.045, respectively), and TAN was significantly increased in the melatonin‑treated group when compared with controls (P=0.011). In addition, cyt‑c levels in the cytoplasm, but not in the mitochondria, were significantly higher in the accelerated‑aging group compared with the control and melatonin‑treated groups (P=0.001 and P=0.002, respectively). Bcl‑2 and Bax ratios were significantly higher in the control and melatonin‑treated groups when compared with the accelerated‑aging group (P=0.004 and P=0.032, respectively). These results suggest that melatonin exhibits a protective effect on mitochondrial function in a rat model of accelerated aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Hong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Hua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Sheng Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Zhi Zhai
- Emergency Department, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Li-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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Snell TW. Rotifers as models for the biology of aging. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF HYDROBIOLOGY 2014; 99:84-95. [PMID: 24791148 PMCID: PMC4004354 DOI: 10.1002/iroh.201301707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
It has been two decades since 1993 when research on the biology of rotifer aging was last reviewed by Enesco. Much has transpired during this time as rotifer biologists have adapted to the "omics" revolution and incorporated these techniques into the experimental analysis of rotifers. Rotifers are amenable to many of these approaches and getting adequate quantities of DNA, RNA, and protein from rotifers is not difficult. Analysis of rotifer genomes, transcriptomes, and proteomes is rapidly yielding candidate genes that likely regulate a variety of features of rotifer biology. Parallel developments in aging biology have recognized the limitations of standard animal models like worms and flies and that comparative aging research has essentially ignored a large fraction of animal phylogeny in the lophotrochozoans. As experimentally tractable members of this group, rotifers have attracted interest as models of aging. In this paper, I review advances over the past 20 years in the biology of aging in rotifers, with emphasis on the unique contributions of rotifer models for understanding aging. The majority of experimental work has manipulated rotifer diet and followed changes in survival and reproductive dynamics like mean lifespan, maximum lifespan, reproductive lifespan, and mortality rate doubling time. The main dietary manipulation has been some form of caloric restriction, withholding food for some period or feeding continuously at low levels. There have been comparative studies of several rotifer species, with some species responding to caloric restriction with life extension, but others not, at least under the tested food regimens. Other aspects of diet are less explored, like nutritional properties of different algae species and their capacity to extend rotifer lifespan. Several descriptive studies have reported many genes involved in rotifer aging by comparing gene expression in young and old individuals. Classes of genes up or down-regulated during aging have become prime targets for rotifer aging investigations. Alterations of gene expression by exposure to specific inhibitors or RNAi knockdown will probably yield valuable insights into the cellular mechanisms of rotifer life extension. I highlight major experimental contributions in each of these areas and indicate opportunities where I believe additional investigation is likely to be profitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry W. Snell
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0230, USA
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Potential implication of the chemical properties and bioactivity of nitrone spin traps for therapeutics. Future Med Chem 2012; 4:1171-207. [PMID: 22709256 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.12.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrone therapeutics has been employed in the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases such as neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease and cancer. The nitrone-based compound NXY-059, which is the first drug to reach clinical trials for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke, has provided promise for the development of more robust pharmacological agents. However, the specific mechanism of nitrone bioactivity remains unclear. In this review, we present a variety of nitrone chemistry and biological activity that could be implicated for the nitrone's pharmacological activity. The chemistries of spin trapping and spin adduct reveal insights on the possible roles of nitrones for altering cellular redox status through radical scavenging or nitric oxide donation, and their biological effects are presented. An interdisciplinary approach towards the development of novel synthetic antioxidants with improved pharmacological properties encompassing theoretical, synthetic, biochemical and in vitro/in vivo studies is covered.
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Watanabe M, Fuda H, Jin S, Sakurai T, Hui SP, Takeda S, Watanabe T, Koike T, Chiba H. A phenolic antioxidant from the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) inhibits oxidation of cultured human hepatocytes mediated by diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine. Food Chem 2012; 134:2086-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Choteau F, Durand G, Ranchon-Cole I, Cercy C, Pucci B. Cholesterol-based α-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone derivatives as antioxidants against light-induced retinal degeneration. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:7405-9. [PMID: 21071218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Two cholesterol-based α-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone derivatives were synthesized as antioxidants against light-induced retinal degeneration. Whereas nitrone 10 significantly protected retina against bright fluorescent light exposure when injected into the vitreous at 1 mM, no protection was observed with nitrone 6. The parent compound α-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone also exhibited protective activity at 9 mM but not at 1 mM. This suggests that nitrone 10 may be a candidate for the treatment of retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Choteau
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique et des Systèmes Moléculaires Vectoriels, Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, Faculté des Sciences, Avignon, France
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Navarro A, Boveris A. Brain mitochondrial dysfunction in aging, neurodegeneration, and Parkinson's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2010; 2. [PMID: 20890446 PMCID: PMC2947925 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2010.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain senescence and neurodegeneration occur with a mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by impaired electron transfer and by oxidative damage. Brain mitochondria of old animals show decreased rates of electron transfer in complexes I and IV, decreased membrane potential, increased content of the oxidation products of phospholipids and proteins and increased size and fragility. This impairment, with complex I inactivation and oxidative damage, is named “complex I syndrome” and is recognized as characteristic of mammalian brain aging and of neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction is more marked in brain areas as rat hippocampus and frontal cortex, in human cortex in Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, and in substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease. The molecular mechanisms involved in complex I inactivation include the synergistic inactivations produced by ONOO− mediated reactions, by reactions with free radical intermediates of lipid peroxidation and by amine–aldehyde adduction reactions. The accumulation of oxidation products prompts the idea of antioxidant therapies. High doses of vitamin E produce a significant protection of complex I activity and mitochondrial function in rats and mice, and with improvement of neurological functions and increased median life span in mice. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, as the Skulachev cations covalently attached to vitamin E, ubiquinone and PBN and the SS tetrapeptides, are negatively charged and accumulate in mitochondria where they exert their antioxidant effects. Activation of the cellular mechanisms that regulate mitochondrial biogenesis is another potential therapeutic strategy, since the process generates organelles devoid of oxidation products and with full enzymatic activity and capacity for ATP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cádiz , Cádiz, Spain
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Reddy PH. Mitochondrial oxidative damage in aging and Alzheimer's disease: implications for mitochondrially targeted antioxidant therapeutics. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2006:31372. [PMID: 17047303 PMCID: PMC1559913 DOI: 10.1155/jbb/2006/31372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The overall aim of this article is to review current therapeutic strategies for treating AD, with a focus on mitochondrially targeted antioxidant treatments. Recent advances in molecular, cellular, and animal model studies of AD have revealed that amyloid precursor protein derivatives, including amyloid beta (A beta) monomers and oligomers, are likely key factors in tau hyperphosphorylation, mitochondrial oxidative damage, inflammatory changes, and synaptic failure in the brain tissue of AD patients. Several therapeutic strategies have been developed to treat AD, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiamyloid approaches. Among these, mitochondrial antioxidant therapy has been found to be the most efficacious in reducing pathological changes and in not producing adverse effects; thus, mitochondrial antioxidant therapy is promising as a treatment for AD patients. However, a major limitation in applying mitochondrial antioxidants to AD treatment has been the inability of researchers to enhance antioxidant levels in mitochondria. Recently, however, there has been a breakthrough. Researchers have recently been able to promote the entry of certain antioxidants-including MitoQ, MitoVitE, MitoPBN, MitoPeroxidase, and amino acid and peptide-based SS tetrapeptides-into mitochondria, several hundred-fold more than do natural antioxidants. Once in the mitochondria, they rapidly neutralize free radicals and decrease mitochondrial toxicity. Thus, mitochondrially targeted antioxidants are promising candidates for treating AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Neurological Sciences
Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th
Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
- *P. Hemachandra Reddy:
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Durand G, Poeggeler B, Ortial S, Polidori A, Villamena FA, Böker J, Hardeland R, Pappolla MA, Pucci B. Amphiphilic Amide Nitrones: A New Class of Protective Agents Acting as Modifiers of Mitochondrial Metabolism. J Med Chem 2010; 53:4849-61. [DOI: 10.1021/jm100212x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Durand
- Laboratoire de Chimie BioOrganique et des Systèmes Moléculaires Vectoriels, Université d’Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, Faculté des Sciences, 33 Rue Louis Pasteur, 84000 Avignon, France
| | - Burkhard Poeggeler
- Department of Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Luebeck, Germany
- Abteilung fuer Stoffwechselphysiologie, Institut fuer Zoologie, Anthropologie und Entwicklungsbiologie der Georg August Universität Göttingen, Berliner Strasse 28, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stéphanie Ortial
- Laboratoire de Chimie BioOrganique et des Systèmes Moléculaires Vectoriels, Université d’Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, Faculté des Sciences, 33 Rue Louis Pasteur, 84000 Avignon, France
| | - Ange Polidori
- Laboratoire de Chimie BioOrganique et des Systèmes Moléculaires Vectoriels, Université d’Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, Faculté des Sciences, 33 Rue Louis Pasteur, 84000 Avignon, France
| | - Frederick A. Villamena
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Jutta Böker
- Abteilung fuer Stoffwechselphysiologie, Institut fuer Zoologie, Anthropologie und Entwicklungsbiologie der Georg August Universität Göttingen, Berliner Strasse 28, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Hardeland
- Abteilung fuer Stoffwechselphysiologie, Institut fuer Zoologie, Anthropologie und Entwicklungsbiologie der Georg August Universität Göttingen, Berliner Strasse 28, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Miguel A. Pappolla
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Bernard Pucci
- Laboratoire de Chimie BioOrganique et des Systèmes Moléculaires Vectoriels, Université d’Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, Faculté des Sciences, 33 Rue Louis Pasteur, 84000 Avignon, France
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15
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Poeggeler B, Sambamurti K, Siedlak SL, Perry G, Smith MA, Pappolla MA. A novel endogenous indole protects rodent mitochondria and extends rotifer lifespan. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10206. [PMID: 20421998 PMCID: PMC2858081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a multi-factorial process, however, it is generally accepted that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are significant contributors. Mitochondria are important players in the aging process because they produce most of the cellular ROS. Despite the strength of the free-radical hypothesis, the use of free radical scavengers to delay aging has generated mixed results in vertebrate models, and clinical evidence of efficacy is lacking. This is in part due to the production of pro-oxidant metabolites by many antioxidants while scavenging ROS, which counteract their potentially beneficial effects. As such, a more effective approach is to enhance mitochondrial metabolism by reducing electron leakage with attendant reduction of ROS generation. Here, we report on the actions of a novel endogenous indole derivative, indolepropionamide (IPAM), which is similar in structure to melatonin. Our results suggest that IPAM binds to the rate-limiting component of oxidative phosphorylation in complex I of the respiratory chain and acts as a stabilizer of energy metabolism, thereby reducing ROS production. IPAM reversed the age-dependent decline of mitochondrial energetic capacity and increased rotifer lifespan, and it may, in fact, constitute a novel endogenous anti-aging substance of physiological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kumar Sambamurti
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KS); (MAP)
| | - Sandra L. Siedlak
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - George Perry
- UTSA Neurosciences Institute and Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Smith
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Miguel A. Pappolla
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KS); (MAP)
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16
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Poeggeler B, Knuever J, Gáspár E, Bíró T, Klinger M, Bodo E, Wiesner RJ, Wenzel BE, Paus R. Thyrotropin powers human mitochondria. FASEB J 2010; 24:1525-31. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-147728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tamás Bíró
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
- Abiol LtdDebrecenHungary
| | | | | | - Rudolf J. Wiesner
- Department of Vegetative PhysiologyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster: Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)CologneGermany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC)CologneGermany
| | | | - Ralf Paus
- Department of DermatologyGermany
- School of Translational MedicineUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
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17
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Durand G, Choteau F, Prosak RA, Rockenbauer A, Villamena FA, Pucci B. Synthesis, physical-chemical and biological properties of amphiphilic amino acid conjugates of nitroxides. NEW J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0nj00024h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Durand G, Prosak RA, Han Y, Ortial S, Rockenbauer A, Pucci B, Villamena FA. Spin trapping and cytoprotective properties of fluorinated amphiphilic carrier conjugates of cyclic versus linear nitrones. Chem Res Toxicol 2009; 22:1570-81. [PMID: 19678661 DOI: 10.1021/tx900114v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitrones have been employed as spin trapping reagent as well as pharmacological agent against neurodegenerative diseases and ischemia-reperfusion induced injury. The structure-activity relationship was explored for the two types of nitrones, i.e., cyclic (DMPO) and linear (PBN), which are conjugated to a fluorinated amphiphilic carrier (FAC) for their cytoprotective properties against hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), 3-morpholinosynonimine hydrochloride (SIN-1), and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) induced cell death on bovine aortic endothelial cells. The compound FAMPO was synthesized and characterized, and its physical-chemical and spin trapping properties were explored. Cytotoxicity and cytoprotective properties of various nitrones either conjugated and nonconjugated to FAC (i.e., AMPO, FAMPO, PBN, and FAPBN) were assessed using a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) reduction assay. Results show that of all the nitrones tested, FAPBN is the most protective against H(2)O(2), but FAMPO and to a lesser extent its unconjugated form, AMPO, are more protective against SIN-1 induced cytotoxicity. However, none of the nitrones used protect the cells from HNE-induced cell death. The difference in the cytoprotective properties observed between the cyclic and linear nitrones may arise from the differences in their intrinsic antioxidant properties and localization in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Durand
- Laboratoire de Chimie BioOrganique et des Systèmes Moléculaires Vectoriels, Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 33 Rue Louis Pasteur, 84000 Avignon, France.
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19
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Hardeland R. Neuroprotection by radical avoidance: search for suitable agents. Molecules 2009; 14:5054-102. [PMID: 20032877 PMCID: PMC6255388 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14125054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is frequently associated with damage by free radicals. However, increases in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which may ultimately lead to neuronal cell death, do not necessarily reflect its primary cause, but can be a consequence of otherwise induced cellular dysfunction. Detrimental processes which promote free radical formation are initiated, e.g., by disturbances in calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial malfunction, and an age-related decline in the circadian oscillator system. Free radicals generated at high rates under pathophysiological conditions are insufficiently detoxified by scavengers. Interventions at the primary causes of dysfunction, which avoid secondary rises in radical formation, may be more efficient. The aim of such approaches should be to prevent calcium overload, to reduce mitochondrial electron dissipation, to support electron transport capacity, and to avoid circadian perturbations. L-theanine and several amphiphilic nitrones are capable of counteracting excitotoxicity and/or mitochondrial radical formation. Resveratrol seems to promote mitochondrial biogenesis. Mitochondrial effects of leptin include attenuation of electron leakage. Melatonin combines all the requirements mentioned, additionally regulates anti- and pro-oxidant enzymes and is, with few exceptions, very well tolerated. In this review, the perspectives, problems and limits of drugs are compared which may be suitable for reducing the formation of free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Hardeland
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Berliner str. 28, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany.
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20
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Han Y, Liu Y, Rockenbauer A, Zweier JL, Durana G, Villamena FA. Lipophilic beta-cyclodextrin cyclic-nitrone conjugate: synthesis and spin trapping studies. J Org Chem 2009; 74:5369-80. [PMID: 19530689 PMCID: PMC2736355 DOI: 10.1021/jo900856x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nitrone spin traps are commonly employed as probes for the identification of transient radicals in chemical and biological systems using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Nitrones have also found applications as therapeutic agent in the treatment of radical-mediated diseases. Therefore, a spin trap that incorporates high reactivity to superoxide radical anion (O2(*-)), more persistent superoxide adduct, enhanced bioavailability, and selective targeting in one molecular design is desirable. In this work, the synthesis of a nitrone spin trap, 4, that is tethered via amide bonds to a beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) and a dodecyl chain was achieved with the expectation that the beta-cyclodextrin would lead to increased reactivity to O2(*-) and persistent O2(*-) adduct while the lipophilic chain would impart membrane targeting property. The two constitutional racemic isomers, 4a and 4b, were separated using preparative HPLC, and structural analysis and self-aggregation properties were carried out using NMR, induced circular dichroism, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and computational approach. EPR spin trapping of O2(*-) by 4a and 4b was only successful in DMSO and not in an aqueous system, due most likely to the amphiphilic character of 4 that can favor conformations (or aggregation) hindering radical addition to nitrone. Kinetics of formation and decay of the 4a-O2H adduct in polar aprotic solvents show faster reactivity to O2(*-) and more persistent O2(*-) adduct compared to nitrones not conjugated to beta-CD. Computational analysis of 4a and 4b as well as 4a-OOH and 4b-OOH adducts were carried out, and results show that isomerism, both constitutional and stereochemical, affects the orientations of aminoxyl-NO and/or hydroperoxyl groups relative to the beta-CD annulus for optimal H-bond interaction and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Han
- Department of Pharmacology, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Yangping Liu
- Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Antal Rockenbauer
- Chemical Research Center, Institute of Structural Chemistry, H-1025 Budapest, Pusztaszeri 59, Hungary
| | - Jay L. Zweier
- Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Grégory Durana
- Laboratoire de Chimie BioOrganique et des Systèmes Moléculaires Vectoriels, Faculté des Sciences, Université d’Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 33 Rue Louis Pasteur, 84000 Avignon, France
| | - Frederick A. Villamena
- Department of Pharmacology, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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Durand G, Choteau F, Pucci B, Villamena FA. Reactivity of superoxide radical anion and hydroperoxyl radical with alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) derivatives. J Phys Chem A 2009; 112:12498-509. [PMID: 18998656 DOI: 10.1021/jp804929d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nitrones have exhibited pharmacological activity against radical-mediated pathophysiological conditions and as analytical reagents for the identification of transient radical species by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. In this work, competitive spin trapping, stopped-flow kinetics, and density functional theory (DFT) were employed to assess and predict the reactivity of O(2)(*-) and HO(2)(*) with various para-substituted alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) spin traps. Rate constants of O(2)(*-) trapping by nitrones were determined using competitive UV-vis stopped-flow method with phenol red (PR) as probe, while HO(2)(*) trapping rate constants were calculated using competition kinetics with 5,5-dimethylpyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) by employing EPR spectroscopy. The effects of the para substitution on the charge density of the nitronyl-carbon and on the free energies of nitrone reactivity with O(2)(*-) and HO(2)(*) were computationally rationalized at the PCM/B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory. Theoretical and experimental data show that the rate of O(2)(*-) addition to PBN derivatives is not affected by the polar effect of the substituents. However, the reactivity of HO(2)(*) follows the Hammett equation and is increased as the substituent becomes more electron withdrawing. This supports the conclusion that the nature of HO(2)(*) addition to PBN derivatives is electrophilic, while the addition of O(2)(*-) to PBN-type compounds is only weakly electrophilic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Durand
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique et des Systèmes Moléculaires Vectoriels, Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, Faculté des Sciences, 33 rue Louis Pasteur, 84000 Avignon, France.
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22
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Desvergnes S, Vallée Y, Py S. Novel Polyhydroxylated Cyclic Nitrones and N-Hydroxypyrrolidines through BCl3-Mediated Deprotection. Org Lett 2008; 10:2967-70. [DOI: 10.1021/ol8007759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Desvergnes
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (SERCO) UMR-5250, ICMG FR-2607, CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
| | - Yannick Vallée
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (SERCO) UMR-5250, ICMG FR-2607, CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
| | - Sandrine Py
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (SERCO) UMR-5250, ICMG FR-2607, CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
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23
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Asanuma T, Yasui H, Inanami O, Waki K, Takahashi M, Iizuka D, Uemura T, Durand G, Polidori A, Kon Y, Pucci B, Kuwabara M. A New Amphiphilic Derivative,N-{[4-(Lactobionamido)methyl]benzylidene}- 1,1-dimethyl-2-(octylsulfanyl)ethylamineN-Oxide, Has a Protective Effect Against Copper-Induced Fulminant Hepatitis inLong–Evans Cinnamon Rats at an Extremely Low Concentration Compared with Its Original Formα-Phenyl-N-(tert-butyl) Nitrone. Chem Biodivers 2007; 4:2253-67. [PMID: 17886845 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200790184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
An amphiphilic alpha-phenyl-N-(tert-butyl) nitrone (PBN) derivative, N-{[4-(lactobionamido)methyl]benzylidene}-1,1-dimethyl-2-(octylsulfanyl)ethylamine N-oxide (LPBNSH), newly synthesized from its original form PBN in hopes of clinical use, was intraperitoneally administered to Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats every 2 days at the concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg. We found that LPBNSH protected against copper-induced hepatitis with jaundice in LEC rats at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg, which were extremely low compared with that of PBN. It also effectively prevented the loss of body weight, reduced the death rate, and suppressed the increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase values arising from fulminant hepatitis with jaundice at the same concentrations. Similar results were observed when PBN was administered at the concentration of 150 mg/kg. Immunohistochemical analysis of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and measurement of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in the liver showed that LPBNSH largely suppressed the formation of these oxidative products at same concentrations. No difference in the abnormal accumulation of copper in the liver between the LPBNSH administered and control groups was observed. From these results, it was concluded that LPBNSH exhibited liver-protective effects against fulminant hepatitis with jaundice at ca. 1/1000, 500 the molar concentration of PBN and, therefore, was clinically promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taketoshi Asanuma
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
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Durand G, Poeggeler B, Böker J, Raynal S, Polidori A, Pappolla MA, Hardeland R, Pucci B. Fine-tuning the amphiphilicity: a crucial parameter in the design of potent alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone analogues. J Med Chem 2007; 50:3976-9. [PMID: 17649989 DOI: 10.1021/jm0706968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new series of hydrophilic, lipophilic, and amphiphilic alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) derivatives were synthesized to explore the relationship between their hydrophilic-lipophilic properties and antioxidant potency. Very potent protective effects of amphiphilic lactobionamide and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane PBN derivatives were observed in mitochondrial preparations, in cell cultures, and in rotifers exposed to unspecific and mitochondria targeted oxidotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Durand
- Laboratoire de Chimie BioOrganique et des Systèmes Moléculaires Vectoriels, Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 33 Rue Louis Pasteur, 84000 Avignon, France
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25
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Riediger S, Behrends A, Croll B, Vega-Naredo I, Hänig N, Poeggeler B, Böker J, Grube S, Gipp J, Coto-Montes A, Haldar C, Hardeland R. Toxicity of the quinalphos metabolite 2-hydroxyquinoxaline: growth inhibition, induction of oxidative stress, and genotoxicity in test organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2007; 22:33-43. [PMID: 17295279 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The quinalphos metabolite 2-hydroxyquinoxaline (HQO), previously shown to photocatalytically destroy antioxidant vitamins and biogenic amines in vitro, was tested for toxicity in several small aquatic organisms and for mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium. In the rotifer Philodina acuticornis, HQO caused the disappearance of large individuals and increased hydroperoxide concentration. The latter effect was not only observed in animals kept in a light/dark cycle, but also in constant darkness, indicating that HQO can assume a reactive state and/or form reactive intermediates under the influence of either light or redox-active metabolites, in particular, free radicals. Cell proliferation was inhibited in the ciliate Paramecium bursaria. In the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum, which allows early detection of cellular stress on the basis of bioluminescence measurements, strong rises in light emission became apparent on the 2nd day of exposure to HQO and continued until cells died between 12 and 18 days of treatment. Oxidative damage of protein by HQO was demonstrated by measuring protein carbonyl in L. polyedrumin vivo as well as in light-exposed bovine serum albumin in vitro. In an Ames test of mutagenicity, HQO proved to be genotoxic in both light- and dark-exposed bacteria. HQO appears as a source of secondary quinalphos toxicity, which deserves further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Riediger
- Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Goettingen, Berliner Str. 28, D-37073 Goettingen, Germany
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Ortial S, Durand G, Poeggeler B, Polidori A, Pappolla MA, Böker J, Hardeland R, Pucci B. Fluorinated Amphiphilic Amino Acid Derivatives as Antioxidant Carriers: A New Class of Protective Agents. J Med Chem 2006; 49:2812-20. [PMID: 16640342 DOI: 10.1021/jm060027e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The use of classical antioxidants is limited by their low bioavailabilities, and therefore, high doses are usually required to display significant protective activity. In a recent article (J. Med. Chem. 2003, 46, 5230) we showed that the ability of the alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) to restore the viability of ATPase-deficient human skin fibroblasts was greatly enhanced by grafting it on a fluorinated amphiphilic carrier. With the aim of extending this concept to other antioxidants, we present here the design, the synthesis, and the physicochemical measurements of a new series of fluorinated amphiphilic antioxidant derivatives. The hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and the radical reducing potency of these newly designed compounds were respectively demonstrated in an ABTS competition and an ABTS(*+) reduction assay. We also showed that the protective effects of amphiphilic antioxidants derived from PBN, Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid) or lipoic acid (5-[1,2]-dithiolan-3-ylpentanoic acid) in primary cortical mixed cell cultures exposed to oxidotoxins are greatly improved compared to their parent compounds in the following rank-order: (1) PBN, (2) Trolox, and (3) lipoic acid. In contrast, the protective activity of indole-3-propionic acid was slightly decreased by grafting it on the amphiphilic carrier. Similar observations were made in in vivo experiments using aquatic invertebrate microorganisms, called rotifers, which were exposed to lethal concentrations of nonselective (H(2)O(2)) and mitochondria-selective (doxorubicin) oxidotoxins. The conclusion of these studies is that fluorinated amphiphilic PBN, Trolox, and lipoic acid derivatives exhibit very potent protective activities in in vitro and in vivo experiments. The findings demonstrated herein therefore strongly suggest that the amphiphilic character enhances the bioavailability of the antioxidants and allows for a selective targeting of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Ortial
- Laboratoire de Chimie BioOrganique et des Systèmes Moléculaires Vectoriels, Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 84000 Avignon, France
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