1
|
Konjalwar S, Ceyhan B, Rivera O, Nategh P, Neghabi M, Pavlovic M, Allani S, Ranji M. Demonstrating drug treatment efficacies by monitoring superoxide dynamics in human lung cancer cells with time-lapse fluorescence microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300331. [PMID: 37822188 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Metformin hydrochloride, an antihyperglycemic agent, and sulindac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, are FDA-approved drugs known to exert anticancer effects. Previous studies demonstrated sulindac and metformin's anticancer properties through mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I and key signaling pathways. In this study, various drugs were administered to A549 lung cancer cells, and results revealed that a combination of sulindac and metformin enhanced cell death compared to the administration of the drugs separately. To measure superoxide production over time, we employed a time-lapse fluorescence imaging technique using mitochondrial-targeted hydroethidine. Fluorescence microscopy data showed the most significant increases in superoxide production in the combination treatment of metformin and sulindac. Results showed significant differences between the combined drug treatment and control groups and between the positive control and control groups. This approach can be utilized to quantify the anticancer efficacy of drugs, creating possibilities for additional therapeutic options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shalaka Konjalwar
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Busenur Ceyhan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Oscar Rivera
- Center for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Parisa Nategh
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Mehrnoosh Neghabi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Mirjana Pavlovic
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Shailaja Allani
- Center for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Mahsa Ranji
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Raghuram GV, Tripathy BK, Avadhani K, Shabrish S, Khare NK, Lopes R, Pal K, Mittra I. Cell-free chromatin particles released from dying cells inflict mitochondrial damage and ROS production in living cells. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:30. [PMID: 38225229 PMCID: PMC10789803 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01728-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial damage and the resultant oxidative stress are associated with neurodegenerative diseases, ageing, and cancer. However, the triggers of mitochondrial damage remain unclear. We previously reported that cell-free chromatin particles (cfChPs) released from the billions of cells that die in the body every day can readily enter healthy cells and damage their DNA. Here, we show that cfChPs isolated from the sera of healthy individuals, when applied to NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast cells, cause physical damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). cfChPs also induce ultrastructural changes, increase mitochondrial mass, alter mitochondrial shape, upregulate mitochondrial outer membrane protein translocase of the outer membrane 20, and change mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, a marked increase was observed in mitochondrial superoxide (ROS) production, as detected by MitoSOX Red, and intracellular superoxide dismutase-1 activation. ROS production was also activated when a conditioned medium containing cfChPs released from hypoxia-induced dying NIH3T3 cells was applied to healthy NIH3T3 cells. ROS activation was significantly reduced when the conditioned medium was pre-treated with three different cfChP-deactivating agents: anti-histone antibody-complexed nanoparticles, DNase I, and the novel pro-oxidant combination of the nutraceuticals resveratrol and copper. Given that 1 × 109-1 × 1012 cells die in the body every day, we hypothesise that cfChPs from dying cells are the major physiological triggers for mtDNA damage and ROS production. Deactivation of cfChPs may provide a novel therapeutic approach to retard ageing and associated degenerative conditions linked to oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gorantla V Raghuram
- Translational Research Laboratory Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Bhabesh Kumar Tripathy
- Translational Research Laboratory Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Kartikeya Avadhani
- Translational Research Laboratory Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Snehal Shabrish
- Translational Research Laboratory Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Khare
- Translational Research Laboratory Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Relestina Lopes
- Translational Research Laboratory Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Kavita Pal
- Translational Research Laboratory Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Indraneel Mittra
- Translational Research Laboratory Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Amorim R, Magalhães CC, Benfeito S, Cagide F, Tavares LC, Santos K, Sardão VA, Datta S, Cortopassi GA, Baldeiras I, Jones JG, Borges F, Oliveira PJ, Teixeira J. Mitochondria dysfunction induced by decyl-TPP mitochondriotropic antioxidant based on caffeic acid AntiOxCIN 6 sensitizes cisplatin lung anticancer therapy due to a remodeling of energy metabolism. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 219:115953. [PMID: 38036191 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacological interest in mitochondria is very relevant since these crucial organelles are involved in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, such as cancer. In order to modulate cellular redox/oxidative balance and enhance mitochondrial function, numerous polyphenolic derivatives targeting mitochondria have been developed. Still, due to the drug resistance emergence in several cancer therapies, significant efforts are being made to develop drugs that combine the induction of mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming with the ability to generate reactive oxygen species, taking into consideration the varying metabolic profiles of different cell types. We previously developed a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant (AntiOxCIN6) by linking caffeic acid to lipophilic triphenylphosphonium cation through a 10-carbon aliphatic chain. The antioxidant activity of AntiOxCIN6 has been documented but how the mitochondriotropic compound impact energy metabolism of both normal and cancer cells remains unknown. We demonstrated that AntiOxCIN6 increased antioxidant defense system in HepG2 cells, although ROS clearance was ineffective. Consequently, AntiOxCIN6 significantly decreased mitochondrial function and morphology, culminating in a decreased capacity in complex I-driven ATP production without affecting cell viability. These alterations were accompanied by an increase in glycolytic fluxes. Additionally, we demonstrate that AntiOxCIN6 sensitized A549 adenocarcinoma cells for CIS-induced apoptotic cell death, while AntiOxCIN6 appears to cause metabolic changes or a redox pre-conditioning on lung MRC-5 fibroblasts, conferring protection against cisplatin. We propose that length and hydrophobicity of the C10-TPP+ alkyl linker play a significant role in inducing mitochondrial and cellular toxicity, while the presence of the antioxidant caffeic acid appears to be responsible for activating cytoprotective pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Amorim
- CNC/UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotecnhology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIQUP-IMS/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carina C Magalhães
- CNC/UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotecnhology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sofia Benfeito
- CIQUP-IMS/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Cagide
- CIQUP-IMS/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ludgero C Tavares
- CNC/UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotecnhology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIVG - Vasco da Gama Research Center, University School Vasco da Gama - EUVG, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Katia Santos
- CNC/UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotecnhology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vilma A Sardão
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Ageing (MIA), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandipan Datta
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Gino A Cortopassi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Inês Baldeiras
- CNC/UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotecnhology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - John G Jones
- CNC/UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotecnhology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP-IMS/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC/UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotecnhology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Teixeira
- CNC/UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotecnhology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ernst P, Kim S, Yang Z, Liu XM, Zhou L. Characterization of the far-red fluorescent probe MitoView 633 for dynamic mitochondrial membrane potential measurement. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1257739. [PMID: 37936577 PMCID: PMC10627182 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1257739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: MitoView 633, a far-red fluorescent dye, exhibits the ability to accumulate within mitochondria in a membrane potential-dependent manner, as described by the Nernst equation. This characteristic renders it a promising candidate for bioenergetics studies, particularly as a robust indicator of mitochondrial membrane potential (DYm). Despite its great potential, its utility in live cell imaging has not been well characterized. Methods: This study seeks to characterize the spectral properties of MitoView 633 in live cells and evaluate its mitochondrial staining, resistance to photobleaching, and dynamics during DYm depolarization. The co-staining and imaging of MitoView 633 with other fluorophores such as MitoSOX Red and Fluo-4 AM were also examined in cardiomyocytes using confocal microscopy. Results and Discussion: Spectrum analysis showed that MitoView 633 emission could be detected at 660 ± 50 nm, and exhibited superior thermal stability compared to tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM), a commonly used DYm indicator, which emits at 605 ± 25 nm. Confocal imaging unequivocally illustrated MitoView 633's specific localization within the mitochondrial matrix, corroborated by its colocalization with MitoTracker Green, a well-established mitochondrial marker. Furthermore, our investigation revealed that MitoView 633 exhibited minimal photobleaching at the recommended in vitro concentrations. Additionally, the dynamics of MitoView 633 fluoresce during carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP, a mitochondrial uncoupler)-induced DYm depolarization mirrored that of TMRM. Importantly, MitoView 633 demonstrated compatibility with co-staining alongside MitoSOX Red and Fluo-4 AM, enabling concurrent monitoring of DYm, mitochondrial ROS, and cytosolic Ca2+ in intact cells. Conclusion: These findings collectively underscore MitoView 633 as a superb molecular probe for the singular or combined assessment of DYm and other indicators in live cell imaging applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ernst
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Seulhee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Zengqiao Yang
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Xiaoguang Margaret Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Lufang Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gupta SV, Campos L, Schmidt KH. Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase Sod2 suppresses nuclear genome instability during oxidative stress. Genetics 2023; 225:iyad147. [PMID: 37638880 PMCID: PMC10550321 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress can damage DNA and thereby contribute to genome instability. To avoid an imbalance or overaccumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cells are equipped with antioxidant enzymes that scavenge excess ROS. Cells lacking the RecQ-family DNA helicase Sgs1, which contributes to homology-dependent DNA break repair and chromosome stability, are known to accumulate ROS, but the origin and consequences of this oxidative stress phenotype are not fully understood. Here, we show that the sgs1 mutant exhibits elevated mitochondrial superoxide, increased mitochondrial mass, and accumulation of recombinogenic DNA lesions that can be suppressed by antioxidants. Increased mitochondrial mass in the sgs1Δ mutant is accompanied by increased mitochondrial branching, which was also inducible in wildtype cells by replication stress. Superoxide dismutase Sod2 genetically interacts with Sgs1 in the suppression of nuclear chromosomal rearrangements under paraquat (PQ)-induced oxidative stress. PQ-induced chromosome rearrangements in the absence of Sod2 are promoted by Rad51 recombinase and the polymerase subunit Pol32. Finally, the dependence of chromosomal rearrangements on the Rev1/Pol ζ mutasome suggests that under oxidative stress successful DNA synthesis during DNA break repair depends on translesion DNA synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Vidushi Gupta
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Lillian Campos
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Kristina Hildegard Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wong HTC, Lukasz D, Drerup CM, Kindt KS. In vivo investigation of mitochondria in lateral line afferent neurons and hair cells. Hear Res 2023; 431:108740. [PMID: 36948126 PMCID: PMC10079644 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2023.108740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
To process sensory stimuli, intense energy demands are placed on hair cells and primary afferents. Hair cells must both mechanotransduce and maintain pools of synaptic vesicles for neurotransmission. Furthermore, both hair cells and afferent neurons must continually maintain a polarized membrane to propagate sensory information. These processes are energy demanding and therefore both cell types are critically reliant on mitochondrial health and function for their activity and maintenance. Based on these demands, it is not surprising that deficits in mitochondrial health can negatively impact the auditory and vestibular systems. In this review, we reflect on how mitochondrial function and dysfunction are implicated in hair cell-mediated sensory system biology. Specifically, we focus on live imaging approaches that have been applied to study mitochondria using the zebrafish lateral-line system. We highlight the fluorescent dyes and genetically encoded biosensors that have been used to study mitochondria in lateral-line hair cells and afferent neurons. We then describe the impact this in vivo work has had on the field of mitochondrial biology as well as the relationship between mitochondria and sensory system development, function, and survival. Finally, we delineate the areas in need of further exploration. This includes in vivo analyses of mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis, which will round out our understanding of mitochondrial biology in this sensitive sensory system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiu-Tung C Wong
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Daria Lukasz
- Section on Sensory Cell Development and Function, National Institute of Deafness and other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Catherine M Drerup
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Katie S Kindt
- Section on Sensory Cell Development and Function, National Institute of Deafness and other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Morris S, Molina-Riquelme I, Barrientos G, Bravo F, Aedo G, Gómez W, Lagos D, Verdejo H, Peischard S, Seebohm G, Psathaki OE, Eisner V, Busch KB. Inner mitochondrial membrane structure and fusion dynamics are altered in senescent human iPSC-derived and primary rat cardiomyocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2023; 1864:148949. [PMID: 36493857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2022.148949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the aging heart is a major cause of death in the human population. Amongst other tasks, mitochondria are pivotal to supply the working heart with ATP. The mitochondrial inner membrane (IMM) ultrastructure is tailored to meet these demands and to provide nano-compartments for specific tasks. Thus, function and morphology are closely coupled. Senescent cardiomyocytes from the mouse heart display alterations of the inner mitochondrial membrane. To study the relation between inner mitochondrial membrane architecture, dynamics and function is hardly possible in living organisms. Here, we present two cardiomyocyte senescence cell models that allow in cellular studies of mitochondrial performance. We show that doxorubicin treatment transforms human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and rat neonatal cardiomyocytes in an aged phenotype. The treated cardiomyocytes display double-strand breaks in the nDNA, have β-galactosidase activity, possess enlarged nuclei, and show p21 upregulation. Most importantly, they also display a compromised inner mitochondrial structure. This prompted us to test whether the dynamics of the inner membrane was also altered. We found that the exchange of IMM components after organelle fusion was faster in doxorubicin-treated cells than in control cells, with no change in mitochondrial fusion dynamics at the meso-scale. Such altered IMM morphology and dynamics may have important implications for local OXPHOS protein organization, exchange of damaged components, and eventually the mitochondrial bioenergetics function of the aged cardiomyocyte.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silke Morris
- Institute of Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology, Schlossplatz 5, Faculty of Biology, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, North-Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Isidora Molina-Riquelme
- Departmento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins 340, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Barrientos
- Departmento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins 340, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Francisco Bravo
- Departmento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins 340, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Geraldine Aedo
- Departmento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins 340, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Wileidy Gómez
- Departmento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins 340, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Daniel Lagos
- Departmento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins 340, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Hugo Verdejo
- Facultad de Medicina, División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins 340, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Stefan Peischard
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, D-48149 Münster, North-Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Guiscard Seebohm
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, D-48149 Münster, North-Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Olympia Ekaterini Psathaki
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, Integrated Bioimaging Facility, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Verónica Eisner
- Departmento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins 340, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
| | - Karin B Busch
- Institute of Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology, Schlossplatz 5, Faculty of Biology, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, North-Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Baghdadi M, Nespital T, Mesaros A, Buschbaum S, Withers DJ, Grönke S, Partridge L. Reduced insulin signaling in neurons induces sex-specific health benefits. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade8137. [PMID: 36812323 PMCID: PMC9946356 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade8137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Reduced activity of insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS) extends health and life span in mammals. Loss of the insulin receptor substrate 1 (Irs1) gene increases survival in mice and causes tissue-specific changes in gene expression. However, the tissues underlying IIS-mediated longevity are currently unknown. Here, we measured survival and health span in mice lacking IRS1 specifically in liver, muscle, fat, and brain. Tissue-specific loss of IRS1 did not increase survival, suggesting that lack of IRS1 in more than one tissue is required for life-span extension. Loss of IRS1 in liver, muscle, and fat did not improve health. In contrast, loss of neuronal IRS1 increased energy expenditure, locomotion, and insulin sensitivity, specifically in old males. Neuronal loss of IRS1 also caused male-specific mitochondrial dysfunction, activation of Atf4, and metabolic adaptations consistent with an activated integrated stress response at old age. Thus, we identified a male-specific brain signature of aging in response to reduced IIS associated with improved health at old age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tobias Nespital
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Mesaros
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Dominic J. Withers
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | | | - Linda Partridge
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pinelis V, Krasilnikova I, Bakaeva Z, Surin A, Boyarkin D, Fisenko A, Krasilnikova O, Pomytkin I. Insulin Diminishes Superoxide Increase in Cytosol and Mitochondria of Cultured Cortical Neurons Treated with Toxic Glutamate. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012593. [PMID: 36293449 PMCID: PMC9604026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate excitotoxicity is involved in the pathogenesis of many disorders, including stroke, traumatic brain injury, and Alzheimer’s disease, for which central insulin resistance is a comorbid condition. Neurotoxicity of glutamate (Glu) is primarily associated with hyperactivation of the ionotropic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), causing a sustained increase in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and synchronous mitochondrial depolarization and an increase in intracellular superoxide anion radical (O2–•) production. Recently, we found that insulin protects neurons against excitotoxicity by decreasing the delayed calcium deregulation (DCD). However, the role of insulin in O2–• production in excitotoxicity still needs to be clarified. The present study aims to investigate insulin’s effects on glutamate-evoked O2–• generation and DCD using the fluorescent indicators dihydroethidium, MitoSOX Red, and Fura-FF in cortical neurons. We found a linear correlation between [Ca2+]i and [O2–•] in primary cultures of the rat neuron exposed to Glu, with insulin significantly reducing the production of intracellular and mitochondrial O2–• in the primary cultures of the rat neuron. MK 801, an inhibitor of NMDAR-gated Ca2+ influx, completely abrogated the glutamate effects in both the presence and absence of insulin. In experiments in sister cultures, insulin diminished neuronal death and O2 consumption rate (OCR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vsevolod Pinelis
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health, Russian Ministry of Health, Lomonosov Avenue 2, Bldg 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (I.P.)
| | - Irina Krasilnikova
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health, Russian Ministry of Health, Lomonosov Avenue 2, Bldg 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Zanda Bakaeva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health, Russian Ministry of Health, Lomonosov Avenue 2, Bldg 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of General Biology and Physiology, Kalmyk State University Named after B.B. Gorodovikov, St. Pushkin, 11, 358000 Elista, Russia
| | - Alexander Surin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health, Russian Ministry of Health, Lomonosov Avenue 2, Bldg 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Pathology of Ion Transport and Intracellular Signaling, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baltiyskaya St., 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitrii Boyarkin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health, Russian Ministry of Health, Lomonosov Avenue 2, Bldg 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei Fisenko
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health, Russian Ministry of Health, Lomonosov Avenue 2, Bldg 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Krasilnikova
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, National Medical Research Radiological Center, 4 Koroleva St., 249036 Obninsk, Russia
| | - Igor Pomytkin
- Institute of Pharmacy, The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University under Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Trubetskaya, 8, Bldg 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (I.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Piñeiro-Llanes J, Suzuki-Hatano S, Jain A, Pérez Medina VA, Cade WT, Pacak CA, Simmons CS. Matrix produced by diseased cardiac fibroblasts affects early myotube formation and function. Acta Biomater 2022; 152:100-112. [PMID: 36055608 PMCID: PMC10625442 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides both physical and chemical cues that dictate cell function and contribute to muscle maintenance. Muscle cells require efficient mitochondria to satisfy their high energy demand, however, the role the ECM plays in moderating mitochondrial function is not clear. We hypothesized that the ECM produced by stromal cells with mitochondrial dysfunction (Barth syndrome, BTHS) provides cues that contribute to metabolic dysfunction independent of muscle cell health. To test this, we harnessed the ECM production capabilities of human pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiac fibroblasts (hPSC-CFs) from healthy and BTHS patients to fabricate cell-derived matrices (CDMs) with controlled topography, though we found that matrix composition from healthy versus diseased cells influenced myotube formation independent of alignment cues. To further investigate the effects of matrix composition, we then examined the influence of healthy- and BTHS-derived CDMs on myotube formation and metabolic function. We found that BTHS CDMs induced lower fusion index, lower ATP production, lower mitochondrial membrane potential, and higher ROS generation than the healthy CDMs. These findings imply that BTHS-derived ECM alone contributes to myocyte dysfunction in otherwise healthy cells. Finally, to investigate potential mechanisms, we defined the composition of CDMs produced by hPSC-CFs from healthy and BTHS patients using mass spectrometry and identified 15 ECM and related proteins that were differentially expressed in the BTHS-CDM compared to healthy CDM. Our results highlight that ECM composition affects skeletal muscle formation and metabolic efficiency in otherwise healthy cells, and our methods to generate patient-specific CDMs are a useful tool to investigate the influence of the ECM on disease progression and to investigate variability among diseased patients. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Muscle function requires both efficient metabolism to generate force and structured extracellular matrix (ECM) to transmit force, and we sought to examine the interactions between metabolism and ECM when metabolic disease is present. We fabricated patient-specific cell derived matrices (CDMs) with controlled topographic features to replicate the composition of healthy and mitochondrial-diseased (Barth syndrome) ECM. We found that disease-derived ECM negatively affects metabolic function of otherwise healthy myoblasts, and we identified several proteins in disease-derived ECM that may be mediating this dysfunction. We anticipate that our patient-specific CDM system could be fabricated with other topographies and cell types to study cell functions and diseases of interest beyond mitochondrial dysfunction and, eventually, be applied toward personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janny Piñeiro-Llanes
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Silveli Suzuki-Hatano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Ananya Jain
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Valerie A Pérez Medina
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez 00682, Puerto Rico
| | - William Todd Cade
- Physical Therapy Division, Duke University, 311 Trent Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Christina A Pacak
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Neurology Department, Medical School, University of Minnesota, WMBB 4-188 2101 6th Street SE, Minneapolis 55455, USA
| | - Chelsey S Simmons
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Stelmashook EV, Alexandrova OP, Genrikhs EE, Novikova SV, Salmina AB, Isaev NK. Effect of zinc and copper ions on cadmium-induced toxicity in rat cultured cortical neurons. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 73:127012. [PMID: 35679765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium is a highly toxic heavy metal that is capable of accumulating in the body and causing neurodegeneration. However, the effect of other trace elements on Cd2+ toxicity is currently poorly understood. The aim of this work was to study the effect of Zn2+ and Cu2+ ions on cadmium-induced death of neurons in the cerebral cortex. METHODS The work was performed on rat cortical primary cultures. The MTT test was used to determine the cytotoxicity effects. Analysis of intracellular Ca2+ concentration was assessed by the Fluo-4 AM calcium indicator that exhibit an increase in fluorescence upon binding Ca2+. MitoSOX Red (mitochondrial superoxide indicator) was used to measuring mitochondrial ROS content in live cells. RESULTS In this article, we show that the administration of CdCl2 (0.005-0.02 mM) for 48 h induced an increase in dose-dependent death rate of cultured cortical neurons. Mature neurons were more sensitive to the damaging effects of Cd2+ than immature ones. ZnCl2 (0.01-0.03 mM) significantly protected neurons from this toxic effect. In contrast to ZnCl2, CuCl2 (0.01 mM) increased cadmium neurotoxicity. Using Fluo-4 AM, measurements of intracellular calcium ions demonstrated that 24 h-exposure to Cd2+ induced intensive increase in Fluo-4 fluorescence in neurons, which was significantly reduced by zinc ions. CuCl2 increased the cadmium-induced Fluo-4 and MitoSOX Red fluorescence in neurons. The chelator of intracellular Ca2+ BAPTA significantly decreased Cd2+-induced intensive increase in Fluo-4 fluorescence in cells. CONCLUSION The data obtained by us indicate that Zn2+ and Cu2+ can affect the neurotoxicity of cadmium in different directions: Zn2+ weaken the violation of intracellular calcium homeostasis caused by cadmium, preventing cell death, while Cu2+ potentiate the increase in the level of free intracellular calcium induced by cadmium and the development of mitochondrial dysfunction with an increase in the production of free radicals in differentiated cultured neurons of the cerebral cortex, which ultimately stimulates cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nickolay K Isaev
- Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia; M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Advances in measuring cancer cell metabolism with subcellular resolution. Nat Methods 2022; 19:1048-1063. [PMID: 36008629 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-022-01572-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Characterizing metabolism in cancer is crucial for understanding tumor biology and for developing potential therapies. Although most metabolic investigations analyze averaged metabolite levels from all cell compartments, subcellular metabolomics can provide more detailed insight into the biochemical processes associated with the disease. Methodological limitations have historically prevented the wider application of subcellular metabolomics in cancer research. Recently, however, ways to distinguish and identify metabolic pathways within organelles have been developed, including state-of-the-art methods to monitor metabolism in situ (such as mass spectrometry-based imaging, Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy), to isolate key organelles via new approaches and to use tailored isotope-tracing strategies. Herein, we examine the advantages and limitations of these developments and look to the future of this field of research.
Collapse
|
13
|
Baytas O, Kauer JA, Morrow EM. Loss of mitochondrial enzyme GPT2 causes early neurodegeneration in locus coeruleus. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 173:105831. [PMID: 35908744 PMCID: PMC9669404 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Locus coeruleus (LC) is among the first brain areas to degenerate in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease; however, the underlying causes for the vulnerability of LC neurons are not well defined. Here we report a novel mechanism of degeneration of LC neurons caused by loss of the mitochondrial enzyme glutamate pyruvate transaminase 2 (GPT2). GPT2 Deficiency is a newly-recognized childhood neurometabolic disorder. The GPT2 enzyme regulates cell growth through replenishment of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates and modulation of amino acid metabolism. In Gpt2-null mice, we observe an early loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons in LC and reduced soma size at postnatal day 18. Gpt2-null LC shows selective positive Fluoro-Jade C staining. Neuron loss is accompanied by selective, prominent microgliosis and astrogliosis in LC. We observe reduced noradrenergic projections to and norepinephrine levels in hippocampus and spinal cord. Whole cell recordings in Gpt2-null LC slices show reduced soma size and abnormal action potentials with altered firing kinetics. Strikingly, we observe early decreases in phosphorylated S6 in Gpt2-null LC, preceding prominent p62 aggregation, increased LC3B-II to LC3B-I ratio, and neuronal loss. These data are consistent with a possible mechanism involving deficiency in protein synthesis and cell growth, associated subsequently with abnormal autophagy and neurodegeneration. As compared to the few genetic animal models with LC degeneration, loss of LC neurons in Gpt2-null mice is developmentally the earliest. Early neuron loss in LC in a model of human neurometabolic disease provides important clues regarding the metabolic vulnerability of LC and may lead to new therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ozan Baytas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Julie A Kauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94035, USA
| | - Eric M Morrow
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Petersen MH, Willert CW, Andersen JV, Madsen M, Waagepetersen HS, Skotte NH, Nørremølle A. Progressive Mitochondrial Dysfunction of Striatal Synapses in R6/2 Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease. J Huntingtons Dis 2022; 11:121-140. [PMID: 35311711 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-210518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by synaptic dysfunction and loss of white matter volume especially in the striatum of the basal ganglia and to a lesser extent in the cerebral cortex. Studies investigating heterogeneity between synaptic and non-synaptic mitochondria have revealed a pronounced vulnerability of synaptic mitochondria, which may lead to synaptic dysfunction and loss. OBJECTIVE As mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of HD pathogenesis, we investigated synaptic mitochondrial function from striatum and cortex of the transgenic R6/2 mouse model of HD. METHODS We assessed mitochondrial volume, ROS production, and antioxidant levels as well as mitochondrial respiration at different pathological stages. RESULTS Our results reveal that striatal synaptic mitochondria are more severely affected by HD pathology than those of the cortex. Striatal synaptosomes of R6/2 mice displayed a reduction in mitochondrial mass coinciding with increased ROS production and antioxidants levels indicating prolonged oxidative stress. Furthermore, synaptosomal oxygen consumption rates were significantly increased during depolarizing conditions, which was accompanied by a marked increase in mitochondrial proton leak of the striatal synaptosomes, indicating synaptic mitochondrial stress. CONCLUSION Overall, our study provides new insight into the gradual changes of synaptic mitochondrial function in HD and suggests compensatory mitochondrial actions to maintain energy production in the HD brain, thereby supporting that mitochondrial dysfunction do indeed play a central role in early disease progression of HD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hvidberg Petersen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jens Velde Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Madsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Niels Henning Skotte
- Proteomics Program, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Nørremølle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ellagic Acid prevents vascular dysfunction in small mesenteric arteries of ovariectomized hypertensive rats. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 105:108995. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
16
|
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in physiology and disease. Cell Calcium 2021; 94:102344. [PMID: 33556741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) are routinely produced at several sites within the organelle. The balance in their formation and elimination is maintained by a complex and robust antioxidant system. mROS may act as second messengers and regulate a number of physiological processes, such as insulin signaling, cell differentiation and proliferation, wound healing, etc. Nevertheless, when a sudden or sustained increase in ROS formation is not efficiently neutralized by the endogenous antioxidant defense system, the detrimental impact of high mROS levels on cell function and viability eventually results in disease development. In this review, we will focus on the dual role of mROS in pathophysiology, emphasizing the physiological role exerted by a regulated mROS production/elimination, and discussing the detrimental effects evoked by an imbalance in mitochondrial redox state. Furthermore, we will touch upon the interplay between mROS and Ca2+ homeostasis.
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang J, Swanson RA. Superoxide and Non-ionotropic Signaling in Neuronal Excitotoxicity. Front Neurosci 2020; 4:861. [PMID: 33013314 PMCID: PMC7497801 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Excitotoxicity is classically attributed to Ca2+ influx through NMDA receptors (NMDAr), leading to production of nitric oxide by neuronal nitric oxide synthase and superoxide by mitochondria, which react to form highly cytotoxic peroxynitrite. More recent observations warrant revision of the classic view and help to explain some otherwise puzzling aspects of excitotoxic cell injury. Studies using pharmacological and genetic approaches show that superoxide produced by NMDAr activation originates primarily from NADPH oxidase rather than from mitochondria. As NADPH oxidase is localized to the plasma membrane, this also provides an explanation for the extracellular release of superoxide and cell-to-cell “spread” of excitotoxic injury observed in vitro and in vivo. The signaling pathway linking NMDAr to NADPH oxidase involves Ca2+ influx, phosphoinositol-3-kinase, and protein kinase Cζ, and interventions at any of these steps can prevent superoxide production and excitotoxic injury. Ca2+ influx specifically through NMDAr is normally required to induce excitotoxicity, through a mechanism presumed to involve privileged Ca2+ access to local signaling domains. However, experiments using selective blockade of the NMDAr ion channel and artificial reconstitution of Ca2+ by other routes indicate that the special effects of NMDAr activation are attributable instead to concurrent non-ionotropic NMDAr signaling by agonist binding to NMDAr. The non-ionotropic signaling driving NADPH oxidase activation is mediated in part by phosphoinositol-3-kinase binding to the C-terminal domain of GluN2B receptor subunits. These more recently identified aspects of excitotoxicity expand our appreciation of the complexity of excitotoxic processes and suggest novel approaches for limiting neuronal injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiejie Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Raymond A Swanson
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Marchetti P, Fovez Q, Germain N, Khamari R, Kluza J. Mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity: Mechanisms, regulation, and significance in non-transformed and cancer cells. FASEB J 2020; 34:13106-13124. [PMID: 32808332 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000767r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolism must constantly adapt to stress conditions in order to maintain bioenergetic levels related to cellular functions. This absence of proper adaptation can be seen in a wide array of conditions, including cancer. Metabolic adaptation calls on mitochondrial function and draws on the mitochondrial reserve to meet increasing needs. Among mitochondrial respiratory parameters, the spare respiratory capacity (SRC) represents a particularly robust functional parameter to evaluate mitochondrial reserve. We provide an overview of potential SRC mechanisms and regulation with a focus on its particular significance in cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Marchetti
- Institut de Recherche contre le Cancer de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR9020 - UMR-S 1277 - Canther, Université Lille, Lille Cedex, France.,Banque de Tissus, CHU Lille, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Quentin Fovez
- Institut de Recherche contre le Cancer de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR9020 - UMR-S 1277 - Canther, Université Lille, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Germain
- Institut de Recherche contre le Cancer de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR9020 - UMR-S 1277 - Canther, Université Lille, Lille Cedex, France.,Banque de Tissus, CHU Lille, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Raeeka Khamari
- Institut de Recherche contre le Cancer de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR9020 - UMR-S 1277 - Canther, Université Lille, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Jérôme Kluza
- Institut de Recherche contre le Cancer de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR9020 - UMR-S 1277 - Canther, Université Lille, Lille Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cao K, Ishida T, Fang Y, Shinohara K, Li X, Nagaoka N, Ohno-Matsui K, Yoshida T. Protection of the Retinal Ganglion Cells: Intravitreal Injection of Resveratrol in Mouse Model of Ocular Hypertension. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:13. [PMID: 32176263 PMCID: PMC7401839 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.3.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the efficacy of intravitreal administration of resveratrol (RSV) in a microbead-induced high intraocular pressure (IOP) murine model for glaucoma. Methods Experiments were performed using adult C57BL/6JJcl mice. Polystyrene microbeads were injected into the anterior chamber to induce IOP elevation. Retinal flat-mounts and sections were assessed by immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of reactive oxygen species and acetyl-p53 in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in Müller glial cells (MGCs), and the receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) in RGCs. Light cycler real-time PCR was also used for confirming gene expression of BDNF in primary cultured MGCs exposed to RSV. Results Microbeads induced high IOP followed by RGC death and axon loss. Administration of RSV rescued RGCs via decreased reactive oxygen species generation and acetyl-p53 expression in RGCs and upregulated BDNF in MGCs and TrkB expression in RGCs, which exhibited a strong cytoprotective action against cell death through multiple pathways under high IOP. Conclusions Our data suggest that administration of RSV may delay the progress of visual dysfunction during glaucoma and may therefore have therapeutic potential.
Collapse
|
20
|
Liao C, Cai B, Feng Y, Chen J, Wu Y, Zhuang J, Liu Z, Wu Y. Activation of JNK signaling promotes all- trans-retinal-induced photoreceptor apoptosis in mice. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:6958-6971. [PMID: 32265302 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Disrupted clearance of all-trans-retinal (atRAL), a component of the visual (retinoid) cycle in the retina, may cause photoreceptor atrophy in autosomal recessive Stargardt disease (STGD1) and dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, the mechanisms underlying atRAL-induced photoreceptor loss remain elusive. Here, we report that atRAL activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling at least partially through reactive oxygen species production, which promoted mitochondria-mediated caspase- and DNA damage-dependent apoptosis in photoreceptor cells. Damage to mitochondria in atRAL-exposed photoreceptor cells resulted from JNK activation, leading to decreased expression of Bcl2 apoptosis regulator (Bcl2), increased Bcl2 antagonist/killer (Bak) levels, and cytochrome c (Cyt c) release into the cytosol. Cytosolic Cyt c specifically provoked caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation and thereby initiated apoptosis. Phosphorylation of JNK in atRAL-loaded photoreceptor cells induced the appearance of γH2AX, a sensitive marker for DNA damage, and was also associated with apoptosis onset. Suppression of JNK signaling protected photoreceptor cells against atRAL-induced apoptosis. Moreover, photoreceptor cells lacking Jnk1 and Jnk2 genes were more resistant to atRAL-associated cytotoxicity. The Abca4 -/- Rdh8 -/- mouse model displays defects in atRAL clearance that are characteristic of STGD1 and dry AMD. We found that JNK signaling was activated in the neural retina of light-exposed Abca4 -/- Rdh8 -/- mice. Of note, intraperitoneal administration of JNK-IN-8, which inhibits JNK signaling, effectively ameliorated photoreceptor degeneration and apoptosis in light-exposed Abca4 -/- Rdh8 -/- mice. We propose that pharmacological inhibition of JNK signaling may represent a therapeutic strategy for preventing photoreceptor loss in retinopathies arising from atRAL overload.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, FJ 361102, China
| | - Binxiang Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, FJ 361102, China
| | - Yufeng Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, FJ 361003, China
| | - Jingmeng Chen
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, FJ 361102, China
| | - Yiping Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, FJ 361102, China
| | - Jingbin Zhuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, FJ 361102, China
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, FJ 361102, China
| | - Yalin Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, FJ 361102, China .,Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, FJ 361001, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen City, GD 518063, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Stelmashook EV, Chetverikov NS, Golyshev SA, Genrikhs EE, Isaev NK. Thymoquinone Induces Mitochondrial Damage and Death of Cerebellar Granule Neurons. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:205-212. [PMID: 32093596 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ) exhibits a wide spectrum of biological activities. Most studies on the neurotoxic action of TQ have been carried out in cancer cell lines. Here, we studied the toxic effect of TQ in primary neuronal cultures in vitro. Incubation with 0.04-0.05 mM TQ for 24 h induced the death of cultured cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) in a dose-dependent manner. Neuronal death was preceded by an increase in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, as demonstrated using CellROX Green and MitoSOX Red. Confocal and electron microscopy showed that incubation with 0.05 mM TQ for 5 h induced changes in the intracellular localization of mitochondria and mitochondria hypertrophy and cell swelling. The antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (2 mM) protected CGNs from the toxic action of TQ. Taken together, these facts suggest that TQ is toxic for normal neurons, while ROS-induced changes in the mitochondria can be one of the major causes of the TQ-induced neuronal damage and death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - N S Chetverikov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - S A Golyshev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - E E Genrikhs
- Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, 125367, Russia
| | - N K Isaev
- Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, 125367, Russia. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Duan L, Ramachandran A, Akakpo JY, Woolbright BL, Zhang Y, Jaeschke H. Mice deficient in pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 are protected against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 387:114849. [PMID: 31809757 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Though mitochondrial oxidant stress plays a critical role in the progression of acetaminophen (APAP) overdose-induced liver damage, the influence of mitochondrial bioenergetics on this is not well characterized. This is important, since lifestyle and diet alter hepatic mitochondrial bioenergetics and an understanding of its effects on APAP-induced liver injury is clinically relevant. Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is critical to mitochondrial bioenergetics, since it controls the rate of generation of reducing equivalents driving respiration, and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) regulates (inhibits) PDH by phosphorylation. We examined APAP-induced liver injury in PDK4-deficient (PDK4-/-) mice, which would have constitutively active PDH and hence elevated flux through the mitochondrial electron transport chain. PDK4-/- mice showed significant protection against APAP-induced liver injury when compared to wild type (WT) mice as measured by ALT levels and histology. Deficiency of PDK4 did not alter APAP metabolism, with similar APAP-adduct levels in PDK4-/- and WT mice, and no difference in JNK activation and translocation to mitochondria. However, subsequent amplification of mitochondrial dysfunction with release of mitochondrial AIF, peroxynitrite formation and DNA fragmentation were prevented. Interestingly, APAP induced a rapid decline in UCP2 protein levels in PDK4-deficient mice. These data suggest that adaptive changes in mitochondrial bioenergetics induced by enhanced respiratory chain flux in PDK4-/- mice render them highly efficient in handling APAP-induced oxidant stress, probably through modulation of UCP2 levels. Further investigation of these specific adaptive mechanisms would provide better insight into the control exerted by mitochondrial bioenergetics on cellular responses to an APAP overdose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luqi Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics and Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics and Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Jephte Y Akakpo
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics and Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Benjamin L Woolbright
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics and Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics and Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics and Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Morten KJ, Potter M, Badder L, Sivathondan P, Dragovic R, Neumann A, Gavin J, Shrestha R, Reilly S, Phadwal K, Lodge TA, Borzychowski A, Cookson S, Mitchell C, Morovat A, Simon AK, Uusimaa J, Hynes J, Poulton J. Insights into pancreatic β cell energy metabolism using rodent β cell models. Wellcome Open Res 2019; 2:14. [PMID: 31754635 PMCID: PMC6854877 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.10535.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Mitochondrial diabetes is primarily caused by β-cell failure, a cell type whose unique properties are important in pathogenesis. Methods: By reducing glucose, we induced energetic stress in two rodent β-cell models to assess effects on cellular function. Results: Culturing rat insulin-secreting INS-1 cells in low glucose conditions caused a rapid reduction in whole cell respiration, associated with elevated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, and an altered glucose-stimulated insulin secretion profile. Prolonged exposure to reduced glucose directly impaired mitochondrial function and reduced autophagy. Conclusions: Insulinoma cell lines have a very different bioenergetic profile to many other cell lines and provide a useful model of mechanisms affecting β-cell mitochondrial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl J Morten
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Women's Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Michelle Potter
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Women's Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Luned Badder
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Women's Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Pamela Sivathondan
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Women's Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Rebecca Dragovic
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Women's Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Abigale Neumann
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Women's Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - James Gavin
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Women's Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Roshan Shrestha
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Women's Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Svetlana Reilly
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Kanchan Phadwal
- BRC Translational Immunology Lab, NIHR, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Tiffany A Lodge
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Women's Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Angela Borzychowski
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Women's Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Sharon Cookson
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Haematological Sciences, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Corey Mitchell
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Women's Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Johanna Uusimaa
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - James Hynes
- Luxcel BioSciences Ltd, BioInnovation Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Joanna Poulton
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Women's Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Suzuki-Hatano S, Sriramvenugopal M, Ramanathan M, Soustek M, Byrne BJ, Cade WT, Kang PB, Pacak CA. Increased mtDNA Abundance and Improved Function in Human Barth Syndrome Patient Fibroblasts Following AAV- TAZ Gene Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3416. [PMID: 31336787 PMCID: PMC6678701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is a rare, X-linked, mitochondrial disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding tafazzin. BTHS results in cardiomyopathy, muscle fatigue, and neutropenia in patients. Tafazzin is responsible for remodeling cardiolipin, a key structural lipid of the inner mitochondrial membrane. As symptoms can vary in severity amongst BTHS patients, we sought to compare mtDNA copy numbers, mitochondrial fragmentation, and functional parameters between primary dermal BTHS fibroblasts isolated from patients with two different mutations in the TAZ locus. To confirm cause‒effect relationships and further support the development of gene therapy for BTHS, we also characterized the BTHS cells following adeno-associated virus (AAV)-TAZ transduction. Our data show that, in response to AAV-TAZ transduction, these remarkably dynamic organelles show recovery of mtDNA copy numbers, mitochondrial structure, and mitochondrial function, providing additional evidence to support the therapeutic potential of AAV-mediated gene delivery for BTHS. This study also demonstrates the direct relationship between healthy mitochondrial membrane structure and maintenance of proper levels of mtDNA copy numbers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silveli Suzuki-Hatano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Mughil Sriramvenugopal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Manash Ramanathan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Meghan Soustek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Barry J Byrne
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - W Todd Cade
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Peter B Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Christina A Pacak
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gottwald EM, Duss M, Bugarski M, Haenni D, Schuh CD, Landau EM, Hall AM. The targeted anti-oxidant MitoQ causes mitochondrial swelling and depolarization in kidney tissue. Physiol Rep 2019; 6:e13667. [PMID: 29611340 PMCID: PMC5880956 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney proximal tubules (PTs) contain a high density of mitochondria, which are required to generate ATP to power solute transport. Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous kidney diseases. Damaged mitochondria are thought to produce excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can lead to oxidative stress and activation of cell death pathways. MitoQ is a mitochondrial targeted anti‐oxidant that has shown promise in preclinical models of renal diseases. However, recent studies in nonkidney cells have suggested that MitoQ might also have adverse effects. Here, using a live imaging approach, and both in vitro and ex vivo models, we show that MitoQ induces rapid swelling and depolarization of mitochondria in PT cells, but these effects were not observed with SS‐31, another targeted anti‐oxidant. MitoQ consists of a lipophilic cation (Tetraphenylphosphonium [TPP]) joined to an anti‐oxidant component (quinone) by a 10‐carbon alkyl chain, which is thought to insert into the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). We found that mitochondrial swelling and depolarization was also induced by dodecyltriphenylphosphomium (DTPP), which consists of TPP and the alkyl chain, but not by TPP alone. Surprisingly, MitoQ‐induced mitochondrial swelling occurred in the absence of a decrease in oxygen consumption rate. We also found that DTPP directly increased the permeability of artificial liposomes with a cardiolipin content similar to that of the IMM. In summary, MitoQ causes mitochondrial swelling and depolarization in PT cells by a mechanism unrelated to anti‐oxidant activity, most likely because of increased IMM permeability due to insertion of the alkyl chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Duss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Milica Bugarski
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Haenni
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Microscopy and Image Analysis, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claus D Schuh
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ehud M Landau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew M Hall
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediate redox signaling cascades that are critical to numerous physiological and pathological processes. Analytical methods to monitor cellular ROS levels and proteomic platforms to identify oxidative post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins are critical to understanding the triggers and consequences of redox signaling. Recent Advances: The prevalence and significance of redox signaling has recently been illuminated through the use of chemical probes that allow for sensitive detection of cellular ROS levels and proteomic dissection of oxidative PTMs directly in living cells. CRITICAL ISSUES In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of chemical probes that are available for monitoring ROS and oxidative PTMs, and we highlight the advantages and limitations of these methods. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Despite significant advances in chemical probes, the low levels of cellular ROS and low stoichiometry of oxidative PTMs present challenges for accurately measuring the extent and dynamics of ROS generation and redox signaling. Further improvements in sensitivity and ability to spatially and temporally control readouts are essential to fully illuminate cellular redox signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Abo
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fetoni AR, Zorzi V, Paciello F, Ziraldo G, Peres C, Raspa M, Scavizzi F, Salvatore AM, Crispino G, Tognola G, Gentile G, Spampinato AG, Cuccaro D, Guarnaccia M, Morello G, Van Camp G, Fransen E, Brumat M, Girotto G, Paludetti G, Gasparini P, Cavallaro S, Mammano F. Cx26 partial loss causes accelerated presbycusis by redox imbalance and dysregulation of Nfr2 pathway. Redox Biol 2018; 19:301-317. [PMID: 30199819 PMCID: PMC6129666 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in GJB2, the gene that encodes connexin 26 (Cx26), are the most common cause of sensorineural hearing impairment. The truncating variant 35delG, which determines a complete loss of Cx26 protein function, is the prevalent GJB2 mutation in several populations. Here, we generated and analyzed Gjb2+/- mice as a model of heterozygous human carriers of 35delG. Compared to control mice, auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) worsened over time more rapidly in Gjb2+/- mice, indicating they were affected by accelerated age-related hearing loss (ARHL), or presbycusis. We linked causally the auditory phenotype of Gjb2+/- mice to apoptosis and oxidative damage in the cochlear duct, reduced release of glutathione from connexin hemichannels, decreased nutrient delivery to the sensory epithelium via cochlear gap junctions and deregulated expression of genes that are under transcriptional control of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a pivotal regulator of tolerance to redox stress. Moreover, a statistically significant genome-wide association with two genes (PRKCE and TGFB1) related to the Nrf2 pathway (p-value < 4 × 10-2) was detected in a very large cohort of 4091 individuals, originating from Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia, with hearing phenotype (including 1076 presbycusis patients and 1290 healthy matched controls). We conclude that (i) elements of the Nrf2 pathway are essential for hearing maintenance and (ii) their dysfunction may play an important role in the etiopathogenesis of human presbycusis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Fetoni
- CNR Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Monterotondo 00015, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; Institute of Otolaryngology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Zorzi
- CNR Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Monterotondo 00015, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiola Paciello
- CNR Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Monterotondo 00015, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gaia Ziraldo
- CNR Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Monterotondo 00015, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Peres
- CNR Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Monterotondo 00015, Italy
| | - Marcello Raspa
- CNR Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Monterotondo 00015, Italy
| | | | | | - Giulia Crispino
- CNR Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Monterotondo 00015, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tognola
- CNR Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Gentile
- CNR Institute of Neurological Sciences, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Denis Cuccaro
- CNR Institute of Neurological Sciences, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Guy Van Camp
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Erik Fransen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2650 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marco Brumat
- Dept Med Surg & Hlth Sci, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Dept Med Surg & Hlth Sci, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gaetano Paludetti
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; Institute of Otolaryngology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Gasparini
- Dept Med Surg & Hlth Sci, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Trieste, Italy.
| | | | - Fabio Mammano
- CNR Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Monterotondo 00015, Italy; University of Padova, Department of Physics and Astronomy "G. Galilei", Padova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cadenas S. Mitochondrial uncoupling, ROS generation and cardioprotection. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:940-950. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
29
|
Rogers LC, Davis RR, Said N, Hollis T, Daniel LW. Blocking LPA-dependent signaling increases ovarian cancer cell death in response to chemotherapy. Redox Biol 2018; 15:380-386. [PMID: 29331665 PMCID: PMC5767563 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The paradoxical role of reactive oxygen species in cell death versus cell survival establishes a delicate balance between chemotherapy efficacy and management of detrimental side effects. Normal proliferative signaling requires that cells remain inside a redox range that allows reversible protein oxidation to occur. Shifting the redox environment toward highly reducing or oxidizing states leads to cellular stress and cell death. Reactive oxygen species produced in response to Taxol and cisplatin treatment are necessary for effective cancer cell killing but the same ROS leads to damaging side effects in normal tissues. Combining antioxidants with chemotherapeutics to alleviate the unwanted side effects produces variable and often undesirable effects on cancer treatment. Here, we describe a more targeted method to improve ovarian cancer cell killing without the need for antioxidants. In ovarian cancer cells, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a prominent growth factor that contributes to tumor survival and proliferation. We find that blocking LPA-dependent signaling with a specific receptor antagonist consistently increases cell death in response to both Taxol and cisplatin. We propose that inhibiting the upregulated growth factor-dependent signaling in cancer cells will target chemo-insensitivity, potentially lowering the necessary dose of the drugs and preventing harmful side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- LeAnn C Rogers
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Center for Structural Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - Ryan R Davis
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Center for Structural Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - Naveen Said
- Dept. of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - Thomas Hollis
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Center for Structural Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States.
| | - Larry W Daniel
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Center for Structural Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Erard M, Dupré-Crochet S, Nüße O. Biosensors for spatiotemporal detection of reactive oxygen species in cells and tissues. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 314:R667-R683. [PMID: 29341828 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00140.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Redox biology has become a major issue in numerous areas of physiology. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have a broad range of roles from signal transduction to growth control and cell death. To understand the nature of these roles, accurate measurement of the reactive compounds is required. An increasing number of tools for ROS detection is available; however, the specificity and sensitivity of these tools are often insufficient. Furthermore, their specificity has been rarely evaluated in complex physiological conditions. Many ROS probes are sensitive to environmental conditions in particular pH, which may interfere with ROS detection and cause misleading results. Accurate detection of ROS in physiology and pathophysiology faces additional challenges concerning the precise localization of the ROS and the timing of their production and disappearance. Certain ROS are membrane permeable, and certain ROS probes move across cells and organelles. Targetable ROS probes such as fluorescent protein-based biosensors are required for accurate localization. Here we analyze these challenges in more detail, provide indications on the strength and weakness of current tools for ROS detection, and point out developments that will provide improved ROS detection methods in the future. There is no universal method that fits all situations in physiology and cell biology. A detailed knowledge of the ROS probes is required to choose the appropriate method for a given biological problem. The knowledge of the shortcomings of these probes should also guide the development of new sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Erard
- Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , Orsay , France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique , Orsay , France
| | - Sophie Dupré-Crochet
- Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , Orsay , France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique , Orsay , France
| | - Oliver Nüße
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique , Orsay , France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ghanian Z, Konduri GG, Audi SH, Camara AKS, Ranji M. Quantitative optical measurement of mitochondrial superoxide dynamics in pulmonary artery endothelial cells. JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE OPTICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2018; 11:1750018. [PMID: 30123329 PMCID: PMC6097638 DOI: 10.1142/s1793545817500183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a vital role in cell signaling and redox regulation, but when present in excess, lead to numerous pathologies. Detailed quantitative characterization of mitochondrial superoxide anion ( O2•- ) production in fetal pulmonary artery endothelia cells (PAECs) has never been reported. The aim of this study is to assess mitochondrial O2•- production in cultured PAECs over time using a novel quantitative optical approach. The rate, the sources, and the dynamics of O2•- production were assessed using targeted metabolic modulators of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexes, specifically an uncoupler and inhibitors of the various ETC complexes, and inhibitors of extra-mitochondrial sources of O2•- . After stabilization, the cells were loaded with nanomolar mitochondrial-targeted hydroethidine (Mito-HE, MitoSOX) online during the experiment without washout of the residual dye. Time-lapse fluorescence microscopy was used to monitor the dynamic changes in O2•- fluorescence intensity over time in PAECs. The transient behaviors of the fluorescence time course showed exponential increases in the rate of O2•- production in the presence of the ETC uncoupler or inhibitors. The most dramatic and the fastest increase in O2•- production was observed when the cells were treated with the uncoupling agent, PCP. We also showed that only the complex IV inhibitor, KCN, attenuated the marked surge in O2•- production induced by PCP. The results showed that mitochondrial respiratory complexes I, III and IV are sources of O2•- production in PAECs, and a new observation that ROS production during uncoupling of mitochondrial respiration is mediated in part via complex IV. This novel method can be applied in other studies that examine ROS production under stress condition and during ROS-mediated injuries in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ghanian
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Girija Ganesh Konduri
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Said Halim Audi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Amadou K. S. Camara
- Department of Anesthesiology and Anesthesia Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mahsa Ranji
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Morten KJ, Potter M, Badder L, Sivathondan P, Dragovic R, Neumann A, Gavin J, Shrestha R, Reilly S, Phadwal K, Lodge TA, Borzychowski A, Cookson S, Mitchell C, Morovat A, Simon AK, Uusimaa J, Hynes J, Poulton J. Insights into pancreatic β cell energy metabolism using rodent β cell models. Wellcome Open Res 2017; 2:14. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.10535.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mitochondrial diabetes is primarily caused by β-cell failure, a cell type whose unique properties are important in pathogenesis. Methods: By reducing glucose, we induced energetic stress in two rodent β-cell models to assess effects on cellular function. Results: Culturing rat insulin-secreting INS-1 cells in low glucose conditions caused a rapid reduction in whole cell respiration, associated with elevated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, and an altered glucose-stimulated insulin secretion profile. Prolonged exposure to reduced glucose directly impaired mitochondrial function and reduced autophagy. Conclusions: Insulinoma cell lines have a very different bioenergetic profile to many other cell lines and provide a useful model of mechanisms affecting β-cell mitochondrial function.
Collapse
|
33
|
Ježek J, Engstová H, Ježek P. Antioxidant mechanism of mitochondria-targeted plastoquinone SkQ1 is suppressed in aglycemic HepG2 cells dependent on oxidative phosphorylation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:750-762. [PMID: 28554565 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Previously suggested antioxidant mechanisms for mitochondria-targeted plastoquinone SkQ1 included: i) ion-pairing of cationic SkQ1+ with free fatty acid anions resulting in uncoupling; ii) SkQ1H2 ability to interact with lipoperoxyl radical; iii) interference with electron flow at the inner ubiquinone (Q) binding site of Complex III (Qi), involving the reduction of SkQ1 to SkQ1H2 by ubiquinol. We elucidated SkQ1 antioxidant properties by confocal fluorescence semi-quantification of mitochondrial superoxide (Jm) and cytosolic H2O2 (Jc) release rates in HepG2 cells. Only in glycolytic cells, SkQ1 prevented the rotenone-induced enhancement of Jm and Jc but not basal releases without rotenone. The effect ceased in glutaminolytic aglycemic cells, in which the redox parameter NAD(P)H/FAD increased after rotenone in contrast to its decrease in glycolytic cells. Autofluorescence decay indicated decreased NADPH/NADH ratios with rotenone in both metabolic modes. SkQ1 did not increase cell respiration and diminished Jm established high by antimycin or myxothiazol but not by stigmatellin. The revealed SkQ1 antioxidant modes reflect its reduction to SkQ1H2 at Complex I IQ or Complex III Qi site. Both reductions diminish electron diversions to oxygen thus attenuating superoxide formation. Resulting SkQ1H2 oxidizes back to SkQ1at the second (flavin) Complex I site, previously indicated for MitoQ10. Regeneration proceeds only at lower NAD(P)H/FAD in glycolytic cells. In contrast, cyclic SkQ1 reduction/SkQ1H2 oxidation does not substantiate antioxidant activity in intact cells in the absence of oxidative stress (neither pro-oxidant activity, representing a great advantage). A targeted delivery to oxidative-stressed tissues is suggested for the effective antioxidant therapy based on SkQ1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Ježek
- Department No. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Engstová
- Department No. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Ježek
- Department No. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
The pancreatic β-cell secretes insulin in response to elevated plasma glucose. This review applies an external bioenergetic critique to the central processes of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, including glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism, the cytosolic adenine nucleotide pool, and its interaction with plasma membrane ion channels. The control mechanisms responsible for the unique responsiveness of the cell to glucose availability are discussed from bioenergetic and metabolic control standpoints. The concept of coupling factor facilitation of secretion is critiqued, and an attempt is made to unravel the bioenergetic basis of the oscillatory mechanisms controlling secretion. The need to consider the physiological constraints operating in the intact cell is emphasized throughout. The aim is to provide a coherent pathway through an extensive, complex, and sometimes bewildering literature, particularly for those unfamiliar with the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David G Nicholls
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California; and Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmo, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Morten KJ, Potter M, Badder L, Sivathondan P, Dragovic R, Neumann A, Gavin J, Shrestha R, Reilly S, Phadwal K, Lodge TA, Borzychowski A, Cookson S, Mitchell C, Morovat A, Simon AK, Uusimaa J, Hynes J, Poulton J. Insights into pancreatic β cell energy metabolism using rodent β cell models. Wellcome Open Res 2017; 2:14. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.10535.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Mitochondrial diabetes is primarily caused by β-cell failure, but there are gaps in our understanding of pathogenesis.Methods:By reducing glucose, we induced energetic stress in two rodent β-cell models to assess effects on cellular function.Results:Culturing rat insulin-secreting INS-1 cells in low glucose conditions caused a rapid reduction in whole cell respiration, associated with elevated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, and an altered glucose-stimulated insulin secretion profile. Prolonged exposure to reduced glucose directly impaired mitochondrial function and reduced autophagy.Conclusions:Insulinoma cell lines provide a useful model of mechanisms affecting β-cell mitochondrial function or studying mitochondrial associated drug toxicity.
Collapse
|
36
|
Kochel K, Tomczyk MD, Simões RF, Frączek T, Soboń A, Oliveira PJ, Walczak KZ, Koceva-Chyła A. Evaluation of biological properties of 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride derivatives and their ability to inhibit hexokinase activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:427-431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
37
|
McManus MJ, Franklin JL. Dissociation of JNK Activation from Elevated Levels of Reactive Oxygen Species, Cytochrome c Release, and Cell Death in NGF-Deprived Sympathetic Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 55:382-389. [PMID: 27957682 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0332-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Withdrawal of nerve growth factor (NGF) from sympathetic neurons causes their apoptotic death. Activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) may contribute to this death by the induction and phosphorylation of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, such as Bax, that are involved in cytochrome c release from mitochondria and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Induction of either JNK or ROS may stimulate the other, and both may regulate release of apoptogenic factors from the mitochondria. In order to discern the relationship between JNK and ROS in apoptosis, we treated NGF-deprived, mouse sympathetic neurons with a JNK inhibitor and examined the effect on several important apoptotic events. Block of JNK activation prevented induction of c-Jun expression and resulted in a dose-dependent, yet surprisingly modest, increase in cell survival after 48 h of NGF deprivation. JNK suppression was also not sufficient to prevent the elevation in ROS or the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria in NGF-deprived sympathetic neurons. Bax deletion prevents apoptotic death of NGF-deprived neurons by preventing release of cytochrome c from their mitochondria. It also prevents increased ROS on NGF deprivation. However, we found that induction of c-Jun in cells lacking Bax was equivalent to that in wild-type neurons. Our results suggest that while JNK activation plays an important role in many forms of apoptosis, it may not be a crucial regulator of Bax-dependent events involved in the apoptotic death of mouse sympathetic neurons deprived of NGF and that ROS is not involved in its activation in these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meagan J McManus
- Center of Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia's Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Blvd, Room 6100, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - James L Franklin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, 357 Wilson Pharmacy, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zakharova VV, Pletjushkina OY, Zinovkin RA, Popova EN, Chernyak BV. Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants and Uncouplers of Oxidative Phosphorylation in Treatment of the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS). J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:904-912. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vlada V. Zakharova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
| | - Olga Yu. Pletjushkina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
| | - Roman A. Zinovkin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
| | - Ekaterina N. Popova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
| | - Boris V. Chernyak
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Du K, Ramachandran A, Weemhoff JL, Chavan H, Xie Y, Krishnamurthy P, Jaeschke H. Editor's Highlight: Metformin Protects Against Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity by Attenuation of Mitochondrial Oxidant Stress and Dysfunction. Toxicol Sci 2016; 154:214-226. [PMID: 27562556 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Overdose of acetaminophen (APAP) causes severe liver injury and even acute liver failure in both mice and human. A recent study by Kim et al. (2015, Metformin ameliorates acetaminophen hepatotoxicity via Gadd45β-dependent regulation of JNK signaling in mice. J. Hepatol. 63, 75-82) showed that metformin, a first-line drug to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus, protected against APAP hepatotoxicity in mice. However, its exact protective mechanism has not been well clarified. To investigate this, C57BL/6J mice were treated with 400 mg/kg APAP and 350 mg/kg metformin was given 0.5 h pre- or 2 h post-APAP. Our data showed that pretreatment with metformin protected against APAP hepatotoxicity, as indicated by the over 80% reduction in plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities and significant decrease in centrilobular necrosis. Metabolic activation of APAP, as indicated by glutathione depletion and APAP-protein adducts formation, was also slightly inhibited. However, 2 h post-treatment with metformin still reduced liver injury by 50%, without inhibition of adduct formation. Interestingly, neither pre- nor post-treatment of metformin inhibited c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation or its mitochondrial translocation. In contrast, APAP-induced mitochondrial oxidant stress and dysfunction were greatly attenuated in these mice. In addition, mice with 2 h post-treatment with metformin also showed significant inhibition of complex I activity, which may contribute to the decreased mitochondrial oxidant stress. Furthermore, the protection was reproduced in JNK activation-absent HepaRG cells treated with 20 mM APAP followed by 0.5 or 1 mM metformin 6 h later, confirming JNK-independent protection mechanisms. Thus, metformin protects against APAP hepatotoxicity by attenuating the mitochondrial oxidant stress and subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction, and may be a potential therapeutic option for APAP overdose patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - James L Weemhoff
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Hemantkumar Chavan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Yuchao Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Partha Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Rueda CB, Llorente-Folch I, Traba J, Amigo I, Gonzalez-Sanchez P, Contreras L, Juaristi I, Martinez-Valero P, Pardo B, Del Arco A, Satrustegui J. Glutamate excitotoxicity and Ca2+-regulation of respiration: Role of the Ca2+ activated mitochondrial transporters (CaMCs). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1158-1166. [PMID: 27060251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate elicits Ca(2+) signals and workloads that regulate neuronal fate both in physiological and pathological circumstances. Oxidative phosphorylation is required in order to respond to the metabolic challenge caused by glutamate. In response to physiological glutamate signals, cytosolic Ca(2+) activates respiration by stimulation of the NADH malate-aspartate shuttle through Ca(2+)-binding to the mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier (Aralar/AGC1/Slc25a12), and by stimulation of adenine nucleotide uptake through Ca(2+) binding to the mitochondrial ATP-Mg/Pi carrier (SCaMC-3/Slc25a23). In addition, after Ca(2+) entry into the matrix through the mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniporter (MCU), it activates mitochondrial dehydrogenases. In response to pathological glutamate stimulation during excitotoxicity, Ca(2+) overload, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction and delayed Ca(2+) deregulation (DCD) lead to neuronal death. Glutamate-induced respiratory stimulation is rapidly inactivated through a mechanism involving Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 (PARP-1) activation, consumption of cytosolic NAD(+), a decrease in matrix ATP and restricted substrate supply. Glutamate-induced Ca(2+)-activation of SCaMC-3 imports adenine nucleotides into mitochondria, counteracting the depletion of matrix ATP and the impaired respiration, while Aralar-dependent lactate metabolism prevents substrate exhaustion. A second mechanism induced by excitotoxic glutamate is permeability transition pore (PTP) opening, which critically depends on ROS production and matrix Ca(2+) entry through the MCU. By increasing matrix content of adenine nucleotides, SCaMC-3 activity protects against glutamate-induced PTP opening and lowers matrix free Ca(2+), resulting in protracted appearance of DCD and protection against excitotoxicity in vitro and in vivo, while the lack of lactate protection during in vivo excitotoxicity explains increased vulnerability to kainite-induced toxicity in Aralar +/- mice. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'EBEC 2016: 19th European Bioenergetics Conference, Riva del Garda, Italy, July 2-6, 2016', edited by Prof. Paolo Bernardi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos B Rueda
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Spain
| | - Irene Llorente-Folch
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Spain
| | - Javier Traba
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, NHLBI, NIH, 20892 Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ignacio Amigo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, 13560-970 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paloma Gonzalez-Sanchez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Spain
| | - Laura Contreras
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Spain
| | - Inés Juaristi
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Spain
| | - Paula Martinez-Valero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Spain
| | - Beatriz Pardo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Spain
| | - Araceli Del Arco
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Spain; Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, Toledo 45071, Spain
| | - Jorgina Satrustegui
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Roelofs BA, Ge SX, Studlack PE, Polster BM. Low micromolar concentrations of the superoxide probe MitoSOX uncouple neural mitochondria and inhibit complex IV. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 86:250-8. [PMID: 26057935 PMCID: PMC4554824 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MitoSOX Red is a fluorescent probe used for the detection of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species by live cell imaging. The lipophilic, positively charged triphenylphosphonium moiety within MitoSOX concentrates the superoxide-sensitive dihydroethidium conjugate within the mitochondrial matrix. Here we investigated whether common MitoSOX imaging protocols influence mitochondrial bioenergetic function in primary rat cortical neurons and microglial cell lines. MitoSOX dose-dependently uncoupled neuronal respiration, whether present continuously in the assay medium or washed following a ten minute loading protocol. Concentrations of 5-10μM MitoSOX caused severe loss of ATP synthesis-linked respiration. Redistribution of MitoSOX to the cytoplasm and nucleus occurred concomitant to mitochondrial uncoupling. MitoSOX also dose-dependently decreased the maximal respiration rate and this impairment could not be rescued by delivery of a complex IV specific substrate, revealing complex IV inhibition. As in neurons, loading microglial cells with MitoSOX at low micromolar concentrations resulted in uncoupled mitochondria with reduced respiratory capacity whereas submicromolar MitoSOX had no adverse effects. The MitoSOX parent compound dihydroethidium also caused mitochondrial uncoupling and respiratory inhibition at low micromolar concentrations. However, these effects were abrogated by pre-incubating dihydroethidium with cation exchange beads to remove positively charged oxidation products, which would otherwise by sequestered by polarized mitochondria. Collectively, our results suggest that the matrix accumulation of MitoSOX or dihydroethidium oxidation products causes mitochondrial uncoupling and inhibition of complex IV. Because MitoSOX is inherently capable of causing severe mitochondrial dysfunction with the potential to alter superoxide production, its use therefore requires careful optimization in imaging protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Roelofs
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Shealinna X Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR)
| | - Paige E Studlack
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, U.S.A
| | - Brian M Polster
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, U.S.A.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The molecular mechanism of aging is still vigorously debated, although a general consensus exists that mitochondria are significantly involved in this process. However, the previously postulated role of mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) as the damaging agents inducing functional loss in aging has fallen out of favor in the recent past. In this review, we critically examine the role of ROS in aging in the light of recent advances on the relationship between mitochondrial structure and function. RECENT ADVANCES The functional mitochondrial respiratory chain is now recognized as a reflection of the dynamic association of respiratory complexes in the form of supercomplexes (SCs). Besides providing kinetic advantage (channeling), SCs control ROS generation by the respiratory chain, thus providing a means to regulate ROS levels in the cell. Depending on their concentration, these ROS are either physiological signals essential for the life of the cell or toxic species that damage cell structure and functions. CRITICAL ISSUES We propose that under physiological conditions the dynamic nature of SCs reversibly controls the generation of ROS as signals involved in mitochondrial-nuclear communication. During aging, there is a progressive loss of control of ROS generation so that their production is irreversibly enhanced, inducing a vicious circle in which signaling is altered and structural damage takes place. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A better understanding on the forces affecting SC association would allow the manipulation of ROS generation, directing these species to their physiological signaling role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Genova
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Lenaz
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Yang Y, Nadanaciva S, Will Y, Woodhead JL, Howell BA, Watkins PB, Siler SQ. MITOsym®: A Mechanistic, Mathematical Model of Hepatocellular Respiration and Bioenergetics. Pharm Res 2015; 32:1975-92. [PMID: 25504454 PMCID: PMC4422870 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE MITOsym, a new mathematical model of hepatocellular respiration and bioenergetics, has been developed in partnership with the DILIsym® model with the purpose of translating in vitro compound screening data into predictions of drug induced liver injury (DILI) risk for patients. The combined efforts of these two models should increase the efficiency of evaluating compounds in drug development in addition to enhancing patient care. METHODS MITOsym includes the basic, essential biochemical pathways associated with hepatocellular respiration and bioenergetics, including mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, electron transport chain activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and glycolysis; also included are dynamic feedback signals based on perturbation of these pathways. The quantitative relationships included in MITOsym are based primarily on published data; additional new experiments were also performed in HepG2 cells to determine the effects on oxygen consumption rate as media glucose concentrations or oligomycin concentrations were varied. The effects of varying concentrations of FCCP on the mitochondrial proton gradient were also measured in HepG2 cells. RESULTS MITOsym simulates and recapitulates the reported dynamic changes to hepatocellular oxygen consumption rates, extracellular acidification rates, the mitochondrial proton gradient, and ATP concentrations in the presence of classic mitochondrial toxins such as rotenone, FCCP, and oligomycin. CONCLUSIONS MITOsym can be used to simulate hepatocellular respiration and bioenergetics and provide mechanistic hypotheses to facilitate the translation of in vitro data collection to predictions of in vivo human hepatotoxicity risk for novel compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Yang
- Institute for Drug Safety Sciences, The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina USA
| | - S. Nadanaciva
- Compound Safety Prediction, Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc, Groton, Connecticut 06340 USA
| | - Y. Will
- Compound Safety Prediction, Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc, Groton, Connecticut 06340 USA
| | - J. L. Woodhead
- Institute for Drug Safety Sciences, The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina USA
| | - B. A. Howell
- Institute for Drug Safety Sciences, The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina USA
| | - P. B. Watkins
- Institute for Drug Safety Sciences, The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina USA
| | - S. Q. Siler
- Institute for Drug Safety Sciences, The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hagve M, Gjessing PF, Fuskevåg OM, Larsen TS, Irtun Ø. Skeletal muscle mitochondria exhibit decreased pyruvate oxidation capacity and increased ROS emission during surgery-induced acute insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 308:E613-20. [PMID: 25670828 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00459.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Development of acute insulin resistance represents a negative factor after surgery, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We investigated the postoperative changes in insulin sensitivity, mitochondrial function, enzyme activities, and release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in skeletal muscle and liver in pigs on the 2nd postoperative day after major abdominal surgery. Peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity were assessed by D-[6,6-²H₂]glucose infusion and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic step clamping. Surgical trauma elicited a decline in peripheral insulin sensitivity (∼34%, P<0.01), whereas hepatic insulin sensitivity remained unchanged. Intramyofibrillar (IFM) and subsarcolemma mitochondria (SSM) isolated from skeletal muscle showed a postoperative decline in ADP-stimulated respiration (V(ADP)) for pyruvate (∼61%, P<0.05, and ∼40%, P<0.001, respectively), whereas V(ADP) for glutamate and palmitoyl-L-carnitine (PC) was unchanged. Mitochondrial leak respiration with PC was increased in SSM (1.9-fold, P<0.05) and IFM (2.5-fold, P<0.05), indicating FFA-induced uncoupling. The activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) was reduced (∼32%, P<0.01) and positively correlated to the decline in peripheral insulin sensitivity (r=0.748, P<0.05). All other mitochondrial enzyme activities were unchanged. No changes in mitochondrial function in liver were observed. Mitochondrial H₂O₂ and O₂·⁻ emission was measured spectrofluorometrically, and H₂O₂ was increased in SSM, IFM, and liver mitochondria (∼2.3-, ∼2.5-, and ∼2.3-fold, respectively, all P<0.05). We conclude that an impairment in skeletal muscle mitochondrial PDC activity and pyruvate oxidation capacity arises in the postoperative phase along with increased ROS emission, suggesting a link between mitochondrial function and development of acute postoperative insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hagve
- Laboratory of Surgical Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway;
| | - Petter Fosse Gjessing
- Laboratory of Surgical Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Digestive Surgery, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway; and
| | - Ole Martin Fuskevåg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Diagnostic Services, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Terje S Larsen
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Øivind Irtun
- Laboratory of Surgical Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Digestive Surgery, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway; and
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Pinho BR, Santos MM, Fonseca-Silva A, Valentão P, Andrade PB, Oliveira JMA. How mitochondrial dysfunction affects zebrafish development and cardiovascular function: an in vivo model for testing mitochondria-targeted drugs. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 169:1072-90. [PMID: 23758163 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Mitochondria are a drug target in mitochondrial dysfunction diseases and in antiparasitic chemotherapy. While zebrafish is increasingly used as a biomedical model, its potential for mitochondrial research remains relatively unexplored. Here, we perform the first systematic analysis of how mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitors affect zebrafish development and cardiovascular function, and assess multiple quinones, including ubiquinone mimetics idebenone and decylubiquinone, and the antimalarial atovaquone. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were chronically and acutely exposed to mitochondrial inhibitors and quinone analogues. Concentration-response curves, developmental and cardiovascular phenotyping were performed together with sequence analysis of inhibitor-binding mitochondrial subunits in zebrafish versus mouse, human and parasites. Phenotype rescuing was assessed in co-exposure assays. KEY RESULTS Complex I and II inhibitors induced developmental abnormalities, but their submaximal toxicity was not additive, suggesting active alternative pathways for complex III feeding. Complex III inhibitors evoked a direct normal-to-dead transition. ATP synthase inhibition arrested gastrulation. Menadione induced hypochromic anaemia when transiently present following primitive erythropoiesis. Atovaquone was over 1000-fold less lethal in zebrafish than reported for Plasmodium falciparum, and its toxicity partly rescued by the ubiquinone precursor 4-hydroxybenzoate. Idebenone and decylubiquinone delayed rotenone- but not myxothiazol- or antimycin-evoked cardiac dysfunction. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS This study characterizes pharmacologically induced mitochondrial dysfunction phenotypes in zebrafish, laying the foundation for comparison with future studies addressing mitochondrial dysfunction in this model organism. It has relevant implications for interpreting zebrafish disease models linked to complex I/II inhibition. Further, it evidences zebrafish's potential for in vivo efficacy or toxicity screening of ubiquinone analogues or antiparasitic mitochondria-targeted drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brígida R Pinho
- REQUIMTE, Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Richter M, Nickel C, Apel L, Kaas A, Dodel R, Culmsee C, Dolga AM. SK channel activation modulates mitochondrial respiration and attenuates neuronal HT-22 cell damage induced by H2O2. Neurochem Int 2015; 81:63-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
47
|
Brennan-Minnella AM, Won SJ, Swanson RA. NADPH oxidase-2: linking glucose, acidosis, and excitotoxicity in stroke. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:161-74. [PMID: 24628477 PMCID: PMC4281853 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Neuronal superoxide production contributes to cell death in both glutamate excitotoxicity and brain ischemia (stroke). NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX2) is the major source of neuronal superoxide production in these settings, and regulation of NOX2 activity can thereby influence outcome in stroke. RECENT ADVANCES Reduced NOX2 activity can rescue cells from oxidative stress and cell death that otherwise occur in excitotoxicity and ischemia. NOX2 activity is regulated by several factors previously shown to affect outcome in stroke, including glucose availability, intracellular pH, protein kinase ζ/δ, casein kinase 2, phosphoinositide-3-kinase, Rac1/2, and phospholipase A2. The newly identified functions of these factors as regulators of NOX2 activity suggest alternative mechanisms for their effects on ischemic brain injury. CRITICAL ISSUES Key aspects of these regulatory influences remain unresolved, including the mechanisms by which rac1 and phospholipase activities are coupled to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, and whether superoxide production by NOX2 triggers subsequent superoxide production by mitochondria. FUTURE DIRECTIONS It will be important to establish whether interventions targeting the signaling pathways linking NMDA receptors to NOX2 in brain ischemia can provide a greater neuroprotective efficacy or a longer time window to treatment than provided by NMDA receptor blockade alone. It will likewise be important to determine whether dissociating superoxide production from the other signaling events initiated by NMDA receptors can mitigate the deleterious effects of NMDA receptor blockade.
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mitochondrial dysfunction in peripheral blood mononuclear cells has been linked to immune dysregulation and organ failure in adult sepsis, but pediatric data are limited. We hypothesized that pediatric septic shock patients exhibit mitochondrial dysfunction within peripheral blood mononuclear cells which in turn correlates with global organ injury. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Academic PICU. PATIENTS Thirteen pediatric patients with septic shock and greater than or equal to two organ failures and 11 PICU controls without sepsis or organ failure. INTERVENTIONS Ex vivo measurements of mitochondrial oxygen consumption and membrane potential (ΔΨm) were performed in intact peripheral blood mononuclear cells on day 1-2 and day 5-7 of septic illness and in controls. The Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction score, inotrope score, and organ failure-free days were determined from medical records. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Spare respiratory capacity, an index of bioenergetic reserve, was lower in septic peripheral blood mononuclear cells on day 1-2 (median, 1.81; interquartile range, 0.52-2.09 pmol O2/s/10 cells) compared with controls (5.55; 2.80-7.21; p = 0.03). Spare respiratory capacity normalized by day 5-7. Patients with sepsis on day 1-2 exhibited a higher ratio of LEAK to maximal respiration than controls (17% vs < 1%; p = 0.047) with normalization by day 5-7 (1%; p = 0.008), suggesting mitochondrial uncoupling early in sepsis. However, septic peripheral blood mononuclear cells exhibited no differences in basal or adenosine triphosphate-linked oxygen consumption or ΔΨm. Oxygen consumption did not correlate with Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction score, inotrope score, or organ failure-free days (all p > 0.05). Although there was a weak overall association between ΔΨm on day 1-2 and organ failure-free days (Spearman ρ = 0.56, p = 0.06), patients with sepsis with normal organ function by day 7 exhibited higher ΔΨm on day 1-2 compared with patients with organ failure for more than 7 days (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial dysfunction was present in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in pediatric sepsis, evidenced by decreased bioenergetic reserve and increased uncoupling. Mitochondrial membrane potential, but not respiration, was associated with duration of organ injury.
Collapse
|
49
|
Bordt EA, Polster BM. NADPH oxidase- and mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species in proinflammatory microglial activation: a bipartisan affair? Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 76:34-46. [PMID: 25091898 PMCID: PMC4252610 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are the resident immune cells of the brain and play major roles in central nervous system development, maintenance, and disease. Brain insults cause microglia to proliferate, migrate, and transform into one or more activated states. Classical M1 activation triggers the production of proinflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which, in excess, can exacerbate brain injury. The mechanisms underlying microglial activation are not fully understood, yet reactive oxygen species are increasingly implicated as mediators of microglial activation. In this review, we highlight studies linking reactive oxygen species, in particular hydrogen peroxide derived from NADPH oxidase-generated superoxide, to the classical activation of microglia. In addition, we critically evaluate controversial evidence suggesting a specific role for mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, a multiprotein complex that mediates the production of IL-1β and IL-18. Finally, the limitations of common techniques used to implicate mitochondrial ROS in microglial and inflammasome activation, such as the use of the mitochondrially targeted ROS indicator MitoSOX and the mitochondrially targeted antioxidant MitoTEMPO, are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan A Bordt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, and Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Brian M Polster
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, and Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Fried NT, Moffat C, Seifert EL, Oshinsky ML. Functional mitochondrial analysis in acute brain sections from adult rats reveals mitochondrial dysfunction in a rat model of migraine. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 307:C1017-30. [PMID: 25252946 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00332.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in many neurological disorders that only develop or are much more severe in adults, yet no methodology exists that allows for medium-throughput functional mitochondrial analysis of brain sections from adult animals. We developed a technique for quantifying mitochondrial respiration in acutely isolated adult rat brain sections with the Seahorse XF Analyzer. Evaluating a range of conditions made quantifying mitochondrial function from acutely derived adult brain sections from the cortex, cerebellum, and trigeminal nucleus caudalis possible. Optimization of this technique demonstrated that the ideal section size was 1 mm wide. We found that sectioning brains at physiological temperatures was necessary for consistent metabolic analysis of trigeminal nucleus caudalis sections. Oxygen consumption in these sections was highly coupled to ATP synthesis, had robust spare respiratory capacities, and had limited nonmitochondrial respiration, all indicative of healthy tissue. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique by identifying a decreased spare respiratory capacity in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis of a rat model of chronic migraine, a neurological disorder that has been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. This technique allows for 24 acutely isolated sections from multiple brain regions of a single adult rat to be analyzed simultaneously with four sequential drug treatments, greatly advancing the ability to study mitochondrial physiology in adult neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T Fried
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Neurology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Cynthia Moffat
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Erin L Seifert
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael L Oshinsky
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Neurology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;
| |
Collapse
|