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Bahamonde PA, Chiang G, Mancilla G, Contador T, Quezada-Romegialli C, Munkittrick KR, Harrod C. Ecological variation in invasive brown trout (Salmo trutta) within a remote coastal river catchment in northern Patagonia complicates estimates of invasion impact. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 104:139-154. [PMID: 37696767 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Salmonids were first introduced into the Chilean fresh waters in the 1880s, and c. 140 years later, they are ubiquitous across Chilean rivers, especially in the southern pristine fresh waters. This study examined the brown trout (Salmo trutta) and native taxa ecology in two adjacent but contrasting rivers of Chilean Patagonia. During spring 2016 and spring-fall 2017 we examined the variation in benthic macroinvertebrate and fish community composition and characterized fish size structure, stomach contents, and stable isotopes (δ13 C and δ15 N) to understand population structure, fish diet, and trophic interactions between S. trutta and native taxa. The native Galaxias maculatus (puye) dominated the fish community (74% of abundance). S. trutta was less abundant (16% of survey catch) but dominated the fish community (over 53%) in terms of biomass. S. trutta showed distinct diets (stomach content analysis) in the two rivers, and individuals from the larger river were notably more piscivorous, consuming native fish with a relatively small body size (<100-mm total length). Native fishes were isotopically distinct from S. trutta, which showed a wider isotopic niche in the smaller river, indicating that their trophic role was more variable than in the larger river (piscivorous). This study provides data from the unstudied pristine coastal rivers in Patagonia and reveals that interactions between native and introduced species can vary at very local spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Andrea Bahamonde
- Center for Resilience, Adaptation and Mitigation, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Temuco, Chile
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Research, HUB Ambiental UPLA, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus of Austral Invasive Salmonids (INVASAL), Concepción, Chile
- Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Universidad de Magallanes, Puerto Williams, Chile
| | - Gustavo Chiang
- Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad and Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Tamara Contador
- Millennium Nucleus of Austral Invasive Salmonids (INVASAL), Concepción, Chile
- Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Universidad de Magallanes, Puerto Williams, Chile
| | - Caudio Quezada-Romegialli
- Millennium Nucleus of Austral Invasive Salmonids (INVASAL), Concepción, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | | | - Chris Harrod
- Millennium Nucleus of Austral Invasive Salmonids (INVASAL), Concepción, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Alexander Von Humboldt, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
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2
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Benavente JN, Véliz D, Quezada-Romegialli C, Gomez-Uchida D. Uniparental and biparental markers unravel invasion pathways, population admixture, and genetic structure in naturalized rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 103:1277-1288. [PMID: 37535430 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study combined uniparental mtDNA and biparental SNPs to illuminate the invasion and colonization pathways of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, one of the world's most widespread invasive fishes, that has been intensively propagated in Chile, South America. The specific aims of the study were (i) to evaluate potential donor populations, which could be either from the species' native range in North America or from introduced populations in Europe, by comparing mtDNA D-loop/control region haplotypes; and (ii) to assess the factors that have shaped genetic diversity and contemporary genetic structure of rainbow trout populations introduced to Chile through SNP genotyping. The authors comprehensively sampled 24 sites in 12 basins ranging from the High Andean Plateau (Altiplano, 18° S) to northern Patagonia (41° S). Results of the mtDNA data of naturalized trout populations from rivers in the Altiplano (northern Chile) differed from those collected in central and southern Chile, suggesting an origin from North American hatcheries. Naturalized trout populations in central and southern Chile, on the contrary, shared haplotypes with specimens found in European hatcheries. The southern and central Chile populations also contained rare haplotypes, possibly indicating potential spread through aquaculture escapes. Results of the SNP analysis revealed higher allelic richness for trout sampled in sites influenced by commercial aquaculture than sites without commercial aquaculture, likely due to increased admixture between aquaculture broodstock and naturalized trout. The analysis further uncovered some complex patterns of divergent trout populations with low genetic diversity as well as increased relatedness between individuals from isolated sites, suggesting possible local populations. A comprehensive characterization of genetic diversity and structure of rainbow trout should help identify management areas that may augment socioeconomic benefits while preventing the spread and further impacts on biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javiera N Benavente
- Departmento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Genomics in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Lab, Departmento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - David Véliz
- Departmento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Ecología y Manejo de Islas Oceánicas (ESMOI), Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Claudio Quezada-Romegialli
- Plataforma de Monitoreo Genómico y Ambiental (PGMA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Tarapacá, Tarapacá, Chile
| | - Daniel Gomez-Uchida
- Genomics in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Lab, Departmento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Núcleo Milenio INVASAL, Concepción, Chile
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3
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Juvenile salmon presence effects on the diet of native Puye Galaxias maculatus in lakes and estuaries of Patagonian fjords. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02628-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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4
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Barile J, Vega R, De Los Ríos-Escalante P. First report the role of benthic macroinvertebrates as preys for native fish in Toltén river (38° S, Araucania region Chile). BRAZ J BIOL 2020; 81:845-853. [PMID: 32965340 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.232661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Toltén river is located in the 137 years old Araucania region, Chile (38° S), and is characterized by low alterations through human interference due agriculture and towns in its surrounding basin, the presence of native fishes and salmonids, and by its lake effluent regime originated from Villarrica lake. The aim of the present study was to make a review of ecological role of the benthic inland water macroinvertebrates as preys for native fishes of the River Toltén, in order to understand their importance in the ecosystem of the river. The literature revealed that the main prey for native fishes are Chironomidae larvae, nevertheless there are not specific reports for Tolten river. The exposed results are similar with similar native species for Patagonia, and these native species would have prey for introduced salmonids, or these species would have prey competition with introduced salmonids in according to the literature descriptions for Argentinean and Chilean Patagonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Barile
- Universidad Católica de Temuco - UCTemuco, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuicolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Temuco, Chile
| | - R Vega
- Universidad Católica de Temuco - UCTemuco, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuicolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Temuco, Chile
| | - P De Los Ríos-Escalante
- Universidad Católica de Temuco- UCTemuco, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Temuco, Chile
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5
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Castro SA, Rojas P, Vila I, Habit E, Pizarro-Konczak J, Abades S, Jaksic FM. Partitioning β-diversity reveals that invasions and extinctions promote the biotic homogenization of Chilean freshwater fish fauna. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238767. [PMID: 32898173 PMCID: PMC7478641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Exotic species’ introductions together with extinction of native species represent the main mechanisms driving biotic homogenization of freshwater fish assemblages around the world. While generally ichtyofaunistic realms transit towards biotic homogenization, for conservation purposes it is essential to understand what specific mechanisms are promoting it on particular areas or regions. Here, we report the occurrence of biotic homogenization in 29 Chilean watersheds, analyzing its β-diversity (including turnover and nestedness) and predicting future trends. Location Continental Chile (18o–56o S). Methods We determined fish composition per basin for historical and current assemblages; extant native, exotic, and extinct species were recorded as 1 (presence) or 0 (absence) in two matrices basins × species. For each matrix, we calculated the turnover (βsim), nestedness (βnes), and β-diversity (βsor); then, we obtained Δβsim, Δβnes, and Δβsor, as the arithmetical difference between basin pairs over time. In addition, we search for explanatory variables correlating Δβsim, Δβnes, and Δβsor with geographical and land use variables. Finally, simulating events of species introduction (i.e., invasion) and extinction, we generated 15 hypothetical assemblages, looking to establish future trends towards biotic change in Chilean basins. Results Species turnover and β-diversity significantly decreased from historical to current assemblages (Δβsim = -0.084; Δβsor = -0.061, respectively), while the species nestedness did not show significant changes (Δβnes = 0.08). Biotic changes have been driven mainly by the introduction of 28 exotic species, with a minor role of extinctions (one species) and translocations (0 species) of native species. Changes in β-diversity were negatively correlated with area, elevation, and geographical distance between basins but not with land-use nor human population. Finally, the analysis of 15 future assemblages predicts a significant decrease of β-diversity and turnover, and an increase for species nestedness, this time promoted by an increase in the extinction of native species. Main conclusion Chilean basins show a significant decrease of the distributional β-diversity and species turnover of the freshwater fish fauna, evidencing a trend towards biotic homogenization. This trend is shared with other Neotropical basins; however, specific mechanisms driving it show different magnitude. Changes in the β-diversity components do not show correlation with variables associated to land use, thus suggesting that casual introductions of freshwater fishes in Chile follow an opportunistic mode related to commercial use. According to future scenarios simulated, biotic homogenization should increase further, mainly as consequence of increased native extinctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A. Castro
- Laboratorio de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
| | - Pablo Rojas
- Laboratorio de Limnología, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Irma Vila
- Laboratorio de Limnología, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Evelyn Habit
- Departamento de Sistemas Acuáticos, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro de Ciencias Ambientales EULA, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jaime Pizarro-Konczak
- Departamento de Ingeniería Geográfica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Abades
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabián M. Jaksic
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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6
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Historical and Contemporary Diversity of Galaxiids in South America: Biogeographic and Phylogenetic Perspectives. DIVERSITY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12080304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Galaxiid fishes from South America are represented by three genera (Aplochiton, Brachygalaxias and Galaxias) and eight species. Their genetic patterns have been studied over the last two decades to disentangle how historical and contemporary processes influenced their biogeographic distribution and phylogeographic patterns. Here we review and synthesize this body of work. Phylogeographic approaches reveal the important role played by orogeny and the expansion/melting of glacial ice during the Quaternary. Populations retreated to glacial refugia during glacial times and some systems experienced drainage reversals from the Atlantic to the Pacific following deglaciation. Although most species expanded their populations and increased their genetic diversity during the Holocene, the introduction of salmonids and the construction of dams are likely to lead to a decline in genetic diversity for at least some species. An improvement in our understanding of the processes that influenced historical and contemporary diversity patterns among galaxiid and other native fishes in South America is necessary for addressing the cumulative and synergistic impacts of human activity on this unique freshwater fauna.
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7
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New Insights into the Distribution, Physiology and Life Histories of South American Galaxiid Fishes, and Potential Threats to This Unique Fauna. DIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12050178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
South American galaxiids occupy both Patagonia and the ichthyogeographic Chilean Province, encompassing glacial Andean deep lakes, shallow plateau lakes, reservoirs, short Pacific rivers and long Atlantic rivers. The total fish fauna includes 29 species, comprising Neotropical fishes (siluriforms and characids), galaxiids, percichthyids, atherinopsids and mugilids, two lamprey species, and several exotic fishes (salmonids, Gambusia spp. and common carp). The family Galaxiidae shares a common ancestry with the Gondwanan temperate fish fauna, played a major role in the post-glacial colonization of Andean lakes and streams, and contributes key species to the food webs. Galaxiid species occupy an enormous latitudinal gradient, show a wide variety of life history patterns and are the southernmost native freshwater fishes of the world. Knowledge of South American galaxiids has improved notably, but new challenges arise due to climate change, biological invasions, damming, aquaculture and contamination. In this changing environment, the future of South American galaxiids should be carefully considered as a legacy of the old Gondwana and a unique attribute of the freshwaters of southern South America.
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8
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Valenzuela‐Aguayo F, McCracken GR, Manosalva A, Habit E, Ruzzante DE. Human-induced habitat fragmentation effects on connectivity, diversity, and population persistence of an endemic fish, Percilia irwini, in the Biobío River basin (Chile). Evol Appl 2020; 13:794-807. [PMID: 32211068 PMCID: PMC7086057 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
An understanding of how genetic variability is distributed in space is fundamental for the conservation and maintenance of diversity in spatially fragmented and vulnerable populations. While fragmentation can occur from natural barriers, it can also be exacerbated by anthropogenic activities such as hydroelectric power plant development. Whatever the source, fragmentation can have significant ecological effects, including disruptions of migratory processes and gene flow among populations. In Chile, the Biobío River basin exhibits a high degree of habitat fragmentation due to the numerous hydroelectric power plants in operation, the number of which is expected to increase following new renewable energy use strategies. Here, we assessed the effects of different kinds of barriers on the genetic structure of the endemic freshwater fish Percilia irwini, knowledge that is critically needed to inform conservation strategies in light of current and anticipated further fragmentation initiatives in the system. We identified eight genetic units throughout the entire Biobío system with high effective sizes. A reduced effective size estimate was, however, observed in a single population located between two impassable barriers. Both natural waterfalls and human-made dams were important drivers of population differentiation in this system; however, dams affect genetic diversity differentially depending on their mode of operation. Evidence of population extirpation was found in two river stretches limited by upstream and downstream dams. Significant gene flow in both directions was found among populations not separated by natural or anthropogenic barriers. Our results suggest a significant vulnerability of P. irwini populations to future dam development and demonstrate the importance of studying basin-wide data sets with genetic metrics to understand the strength and direction of anthropogenic impacts on fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Valenzuela‐Aguayo
- Laboratorio de Ecología y Conservación de PecesDepartamento de Sistemas AcuáticosFacultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro EULAUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
- Department of BiologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNSCanada
| | | | - Aliro Manosalva
- Laboratorio de Ecología y Conservación de PecesDepartamento de Sistemas AcuáticosFacultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro EULAUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
| | - Evelyn Habit
- Laboratorio de Ecología y Conservación de PecesDepartamento de Sistemas AcuáticosFacultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro EULAUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
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9
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Hughes LC, Cardoso YP, Sommer JA, Cifuentes R, Cuello M, Somoza GM, González‐Castro M, Malabarba LR, Cussac V, Habit EM, Betancur‐R. R, Ortí G. Biogeography, habitat transitions and hybridization in a radiation of South American silverside fishes revealed by mitochondrial and genomic RAD data. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:738-751. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lily C. Hughes
- Department of Biological Sciences George Washington University Washington DC USA
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington DC USA
| | - Yamila P. Cardoso
- Laboratorio de Sistemática y Biología Evolutiva‐CONICET Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo Universidad Nacional de La Plata La Plata Argentina
| | - Julie A. Sommer
- Vice Chancellor for Research Office University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE USA
| | - Roberto Cifuentes
- Departmento de Sistemas Acuáticos Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro EULA Universidad de Concepción y Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas Patagónicos Concepción Chile
| | - Mariela Cuello
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo Universidad Nacional de La Plata‐CONICET Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Gustavo M. Somoza
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomus (CONICET‐UNSAM) Chascomús, Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Mariano González‐Castro
- Grupo de Biotaxonomía Morfológica y molecular de peces IIMyC‐CONICET Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Mar del Plata Argentina
| | - Luiz R. Malabarba
- Departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Victor Cussac
- Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Patagonia Norte – Universidad Nacional del Comahue Bariloche, Rio Negro Argentina
| | - Evelyn M. Habit
- Departmento de Sistemas Acuáticos Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro EULA Universidad de Concepción y Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas Patagónicos Concepción Chile
| | - Ricardo Betancur‐R.
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington DC USA
- Department of Biology University of Oklahoma Norman OK USA
| | - Guillermo Ortí
- Department of Biological Sciences George Washington University Washington DC USA
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington DC USA
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10
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Fuentealba Jara CG, Rivera R, Franco C, Figueroa R, Faúndez V. Patterns of richness of freshwater mollusks from Chile: predictions of its distribution based on null models. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7097. [PMID: 31316869 PMCID: PMC6613532 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The freshwater mussels from Chile are characterized by a high percentage of endemism and a fragmented latitudinal diversity, which has been attributed to the features and geomorphological history sculpted by the hydrographic basins. In this work, a set of hypothesis under a macroecological approach is addressed, with the aim to explore environmental, topographic and hydrological factors that define the latitudinal distribution of this mussel group. In order to achieve this goal, Rapoport’s rule, geometrics limits and co-ocurrence were evaluated. In addition, we analyze the source and sink hypotheses through the nested analysis. We observed a noticeable mid-domain effect (MDE), where a major richness than expected was randomly observed between 40 and 41°S. The results revealed that the distribution pattern was not concordant with Rapoport’s rule (r = 0.123; p = 0.128). Regarding to historical dynamic of the distribution, the results show a significant nestedness pattern, suggesting a source-sink dynamic, that is, poorer communities are a subset of richer communities in species. According to the co-occurrence analysis, an aggregate pattern existed, suggesting potential regulatory mechanisms. The specific richness pattern is explained by the variable seasonality of the temperature with a variance percentage explained of 35%. The full model indicated that variables which characterize the heterogeneity of habitat (i.e. range, Shannon), water availability (i.e., precipitation, density of water bodies) and topography (i.e., altitude area available) jointly explain 40% of the variability of the observed richness. This study shows that the geographical distribution of mollusc richness is mainly explained by mainly climatic and topographical environmental components, as well as by the source-sink dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reinaldo Rivera
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Filoinformática, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas. Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Cristian Franco
- Departamento de Geofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile, Chile
| | - Ricardo Figueroa
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro EULA-Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Victor Faúndez
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Energía. Laboratorio de Genómica y Biotecnología Aplicada, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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11
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12
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Vega R, Ríos PDL, Encina F, Norambuena JA, Barile J, Mardones A. First report of inventory and role of macroinvertebrates and fish in Cautín river (38° S, Araucania region Chile). BRAZ J BIOL 2019; 80:215-228. [PMID: 31066767 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.203511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cautin river is located in the 137 years old Araucania region, Chile (38°S), and is characterized by alterations through human interference due agriculture and towns in its surrounding basin, the presence of salmonids, and by its mixed regime, originated from snow melting in summer and rains in winter. The aim of the present study was to make a review of the inventory and ecological role of the benthic inland water macroinvertebrates of the River Cautin, in order to understand their importance in the ecosystem of the river. The fauna of this river includes a fauna composed of endemic and introduced fish, which has, however, been only poorly studied until now. The literature revealed the presence of abundant populations of Diptera, Trichoptera and Ephemeroptera larval stages, and few crustaceans specifically amphipods and freshwater crabs along the river's course. Many of these macroinvertebrates are prey for both introduced salmonids and native fishes. Similar results have been reported for other southern Argentinean and Chilean Patagonian rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vega
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuicolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco - UCTemuco, Casilla 15-D, Temuco, Chile.,Núcleo de Producción Alimentaria, Universidad Católica de Temuco - UCTemuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - P De Los Ríos
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco - UCTemuco, Casilla 15-D, Temuco, Chile.,Núcleo de Estudios Ambientales, Universidad Católica de Temuco - UCTemuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - F Encina
- Núcleo de Estudios Ambientales, Universidad Católica de Temuco - UCTemuco, Temuco, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco - UCTemuco, Casilla 15-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - J A Norambuena
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco - UCTemuco, Casilla 15-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - J Barile
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuicolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco - UCTemuco, Casilla 15-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - A Mardones
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuicolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco - UCTemuco, Casilla 15-D, Temuco, Chile.,Núcleo de Producción Alimentaria, Universidad Católica de Temuco - UCTemuco, Temuco, Chile
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13
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Vera-Escalona I, Habit E, Ruzzante DE. Invasive species and postglacial colonization: their effects on the genetic diversity of a Patagonian fish. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20182567. [PMID: 30963839 PMCID: PMC6408905 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.2567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present distribution of Patagonian species is the result of a complex history involving Quaternary refugial populations, Holocene range expansions and demographic changes occurring during the Anthropocene. Invasive salmonids were introduced in Patagonia during the last century, occupying most rivers and lakes, preying on and competing with native species, including the fish Galaxias platei. Here, we used G. platei as a case study to understand how long-term (i.e. population differentiation during the Holocene) and short-term historical processes (salmonid introductions) affect genetic diversity. Using a suite of microsatellite markers, we found that the number of alleles is negatively correlated with the presence of salmonids (short-term processes), with G. platei populations from lakes with salmonids exhibiting significantly lower genetic diversity than populations from lakes without salmonids. Simulations (100 years backwards) showed that this difference in genetic diversity can be explained by a 99% reduction in population size. Allelic richness and observed heterozygosities were also negatively correlated with the presence of salmonids, but also positively correlated with long-term processes linked to Quaternary glaciations. Our results show how different genetic parameters can help identify processes taking place at different scales and their importance in terms of conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Vera-Escalona
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Alonso de Ribera 2850, Concepción, Chile
| | - Evelyn Habit
- Departamento de Sistemas Acuáticos, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro EULA-Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n. Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Chile
| | - Daniel E. Ruzzante
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
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Alò D, Correa C, Samaniego H, Krabbenhoft CA, Turner TF. Otolith microchemistry and diadromy in Patagonian river fishes. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6149. [PMID: 30627490 PMCID: PMC6321752 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Coastal habitats in Chile are hypothesized to support a number of diadromous fish species. The objective of this study was to document migratory life histories of native galaxiids and introduced salmonids from a wide latitudinal range in Chilean Patagonia (39–48°S). Otolith microchemistry data were analysed using a recursive partitioning approach to test for diadromy. Based on annular analysis of Sr:Ca ratios, a diadromous life history was suggested for populations of native Aplochiton taeniatus, A. marinus, and Galaxias maculatus. Lifetime residency in freshwater was suggested for populations of A. zebra and G. platei. Among introduced salmonids, populations of Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and O. kisutch exhibited patterns consistent with anadromy, whereas the screened population of O. mykiss appeared restricted to freshwater. Salmo trutta exhibited variable patterns suggesting freshwater residency and possibly anadromy in one case. The capacity and geographic scope of hydropower development is increasing and may disrupt migratory routes of diadromous fishes. Identification of diadromous species is a critical first step for preventing their loss due to hydropower development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Alò
- Departamento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratorio de Ecoinformática, Instituto de Conservación Biodiversidad y Territorio, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Los Ríos, Chile
| | - Cristian Correa
- Instituto de Conservación Biodiversidad y Territorio, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Los Ríos, Chile
| | - Horacio Samaniego
- Laboratorio de Ecoinformática, Instituto de Conservación Biodiversidad y Territorio, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Los Ríos, Chile
| | - Corey A Krabbenhoft
- Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America.,Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Thomas F Turner
- Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
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15
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Fernández MV, Lallement M, Rechencq M, Vigliano PH, Sosnovsky A, Macchi PJ. Top predator fish assemblages in Northern Patagonia, Argentina. What factors regulate their patterns of distribution and abundance? AUSTRAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Valeria Fernández
- Grupo de Evaluación y Manejo de Recursos Ícticos; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medio Ambiente (INIBIOMA); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Universidad Nacional del Comahue (UNCo); Quintral 1250 (8400) Bariloche Río Negro Argentina
| | - Mailén Lallement
- Grupo de Evaluación y Manejo de Recursos Ícticos; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medio Ambiente (INIBIOMA); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Universidad Nacional del Comahue (UNCo); Quintral 1250 (8400) Bariloche Río Negro Argentina
| | - Magalí Rechencq
- Grupo de Evaluación y Manejo de Recursos Ícticos; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medio Ambiente (INIBIOMA); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Universidad Nacional del Comahue (UNCo); Quintral 1250 (8400) Bariloche Río Negro Argentina
| | - Pablo H. Vigliano
- Grupo de Evaluación y Manejo de Recursos Ícticos; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medio Ambiente (INIBIOMA); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Universidad Nacional del Comahue (UNCo); Quintral 1250 (8400) Bariloche Río Negro Argentina
| | - Alejandro Sosnovsky
- Grupo de Evaluación y Manejo de Recursos Ícticos; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medio Ambiente (INIBIOMA); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Universidad Nacional del Comahue (UNCo); Quintral 1250 (8400) Bariloche Río Negro Argentina
| | - Patricio J. Macchi
- Grupo de Evaluación y Manejo de Recursos Ícticos; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medio Ambiente (INIBIOMA); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Universidad Nacional del Comahue (UNCo); Quintral 1250 (8400) Bariloche Río Negro Argentina
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16
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Di Prinzio CY, Arismendi I. Early development and diets of non-native juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in an invaded river of Patagonia, southern South America. AUSTRAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Yanina Di Prinzio
- Centro de Investigación en Ecología de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CIEMEP)-CONICET; Sarmiento 890 9200 Esquel Chubut Argentina
| | - Iván Arismendi
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife; Oregon State University; Corvallis OR USA
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17
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Sea trout (Salmo trutta) growth patterns during early steps of invasion in the Kerguelen Islands. Polar Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-018-2253-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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18
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Narum SR, Gallardo P, Correa C, Matala A, Hasselman D, Sutherland BJG, Bernatchez L. Genomic patterns of diversity and divergence of two introduced salmonid species in Patagonia, South America. Evol Appl 2017; 10:402-416. [PMID: 28352299 PMCID: PMC5367078 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive species have become widespread in aquatic environments throughout the world, yet there are few studies that have examined genomic variation of multiple introduced species in newly colonized environments. In this study, we contrast genomic variation in two salmonid species (anadromous Chinook Salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, 11,579 SNPs and resident Brook Charr Salvelinus fontinalis, 13,522 SNPs) with differing invasion success after introduction to new environments in South America relative to populations from their native range in North America. Estimates of genetic diversity were not significantly different between introduced and source populations for either species, indicative of propagule pressure that has been shown to maintain diversity in founding populations relative to their native range. Introduced populations also demonstrated higher connectivity and gene flow than those in their native range. Evidence for candidate loci under divergent selection was observed, but was limited to specific introduced populations and was not widely evident. Patterns of genomic variation were consistent with general dispersal potential of each species and therefore also the notion that life history variation may contribute to both invasion success and subsequent genetic structure of these two salmonids in Patagonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn R. Narum
- Hagerman Fish Culture Experiment StationColumbia River Inter‐Tribal Fish CommissionHagermanIDUSA
| | - Pablo Gallardo
- Centro de Cultivos Marinos Bahía LaredoUniversity of MagallanesPunta ArenasChile
| | - Cristian Correa
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos NaturalesInstituto de Conservación Biodiversidad y TerritorioUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
- Facultad de CienciasInstituto de Ciencias Marinas y LimnológicasUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
| | - Amanda Matala
- Hagerman Fish Culture Experiment StationColumbia River Inter‐Tribal Fish CommissionHagermanIDUSA
| | - Daniel Hasselman
- Hagerman Fish Culture Experiment StationColumbia River Inter‐Tribal Fish CommissionHagermanIDUSA
| | - Ben J. G. Sutherland
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS)Université LavalQuébecQCCanada
| | - Louis Bernatchez
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS)Université LavalQuébecQCCanada
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19
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Rueda EC, Mullaney KA, Conte-Grand C, Habit EM, Cussac V, Ortí G. Displacement of native Patagonian freshwater silverside populations (Odontesthes hatcheri, Atherinopsidae) by introgressive hybridization with introduced O. bonariensis. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1295-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Habit E, Cussac V. Conservation of the freshwater fauna of Patagonia: an alert to the urgent need for integrative management and sustainable development. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 89:369-370. [PMID: 26864697 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Habit
- Departamento de Sistemas Acuáticos, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro EULA, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - V Cussac
- Universidad Nacional del Comahue-CONICET, Bariloche, Argentina
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21
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Crichigno S, Cordero P, Blasetti G, Cussac V. Dispersion of the invasive common carp Cyprinus carpio in southern South America: changes and expectations, westward and southward. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 89:403-416. [PMID: 27095064 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Common carp Cyprinus carpio possess multiple traits that contribute to their success as an invasive species. They have been introduced across the globe, and abundant populations can have numerous negative effects. Although ecological niche-based modelling techniques have been used to predict the potential range of C. carpio invasion in U.S.A., occurrence and abundance patterns have not yet been considered on a regional scale. In the present review new locations are documented, the status of the southernmost population has been studied and the probability of new lakes and reservoirs being colonized by C. carpio has been obtained and related to environmental conditions. The new localities for C. carpio have expanded its distribution westward, into the Andean Region, and present results from the South American southernmost population have shown a well-established population. Analysis of presence data provided two principal results: (1) the probability of a site being with C. carpio can be inferred using environmental variables and (2) the probability of a site being with C. carpio is a useful tool for the prediction of future invasions. Selective fishing on the Negro basin could constitute a potential mitigation measure, decreasing the abundance of the species and thus reducing the species' potential for southward expansion. These results reinforce the idea that artisanal fisheries, food production and conservation interests should be taken into account by local government management agencies in any discussion regarding the southern distribution of C. carpio in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Crichigno
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), Universidad Nacional del Comahue (UNCO) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Quintral 1250, Bariloche, 8400, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - P Cordero
- Autoridad Interjurisdiccional de las Cuencas de los Ríos Limay, Neuquén y Negro (AIC), 9 de Julio 496, Cipolletti, R8324BHJ, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - G Blasetti
- Autoridad Interjurisdiccional de las Cuencas de los Ríos Limay, Neuquén y Negro (AIC), 9 de Julio 496, Cipolletti, R8324BHJ, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - V Cussac
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), Universidad Nacional del Comahue (UNCO) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Quintral 1250, Bariloche, 8400, Río Negro, Argentina
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22
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Cussac VE, Habit E, Ciancio J, Battini MA, Riva Rossi C, Barriga JP, Baigún C, Crichigno S. Freshwater fishes of Patagonia: conservation and fisheries. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 89:1068-1097. [PMID: 27284012 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The absence of much literature on the Patagonian fish fauna in comparison with that of the neotropics, has previously been blamed on its poor species diversity. Knowledge of the fishes of Patagonia, however, rose sharply at the beginning of the present century, allowing for an understanding of the complex biogeographical history that has led to the present diversity and distribution patterns. There are several new and potential threats to biodiversity and conservation of Patagonian fishes, such as the introduction of exotic species, damming, climate change and changes geared to safeguard economic interests, often acting synergistically. A great amount of new information is now available and the aim of the present review is to articulate this knowledge in a comprehensive way in order to aid in the development of tools to face the increasing challenges posed by environmental change and human activity. Knowledge about fishes of Patagonia has grown at the same time as human actions, and presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- V E Cussac
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Argentina
| | - E Habit
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales& Centro EULA-Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n, Concepción, Chile
| | - J Ciancio
- Centro Nacional Patagónico (CENPAT), CONICET, Argentina
| | - M A Battini
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Argentina
| | - C Riva Rossi
- Centro Nacional Patagónico (CENPAT), CONICET, Argentina
| | - J P Barriga
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Argentina
| | - C Baigún
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), CONICET, Argentina
| | - S Crichigno
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Argentina
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23
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Benavente JN, Seeb LW, Seeb JE, Arismendi I, Hernández CE, Gajardo G, Galleguillos R, Cádiz MI, Musleh SS, Gomez-Uchida D. Temporal Genetic Variance and Propagule-Driven Genetic Structure Characterize Naturalized Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from a Patagonian Lake Impacted by Trout Farming. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142040. [PMID: 26544983 PMCID: PMC4636326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge about the genetic underpinnings of invasions—a theme addressed by invasion genetics as a discipline—is still scarce amid well documented ecological impacts of non-native species on ecosystems of Patagonia in South America. One of the most invasive species in Patagonia’s freshwater systems and elsewhere is rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). This species was introduced to Chile during the early twentieth century for stocking and promoting recreational fishing; during the late twentieth century was reintroduced for farming purposes and is now naturalized. We used population- and individual-based inference from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to illuminate three objectives related to the establishment and naturalization of Rainbow Trout in Lake Llanquihue. This lake has been intensively used for trout farming during the last three decades. Our results emanate from samples collected from five inlet streams over two seasons, winter and spring. First, we found that significant intra- population (temporal) genetic variance was greater than inter-population (spatial) genetic variance, downplaying the importance of spatial divergence during the process of naturalization. Allele frequency differences between cohorts, consistent with variation in fish length between spring and winter collections, might explain temporal genetic differences. Second, individual-based Bayesian clustering suggested that genetic structure within Lake Llanquihue was largely driven by putative farm propagules found at one single stream during spring, but not in winter. This suggests that farm broodstock might migrate upstream to breed during spring at that particular stream. It is unclear whether interbreeding has occurred between “pure” naturalized and farm trout in this and other streams. Third, estimates of the annual number of breeders (Nb) were below 73 in half of the collections, suggestive of genetically small and recently founded populations that might experience substantial genetic drift. Our results reinforce the notion that naturalized trout originated recently from a small yet genetically diverse source and that farm propagules might have played a significant role in the invasion of Rainbow Trout within a single lake with intensive trout farming. Our results also argue for proficient mitigation measures that include management of escapes and strategies to minimize unintentional releases from farm facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javiera N Benavente
- Department of Zoology, Universidad de Concepcion, Casilla 160-C, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Lisa W Seeb
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Box 355020, Seattle, WA, 98195-5020, United States of America
| | - James E Seeb
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Box 355020, Seattle, WA, 98195-5020, United States of America
| | - Ivan Arismendi
- Department of Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, 2820 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, United States of America
| | - Cristián E Hernández
- Department of Zoology, Universidad de Concepcion, Casilla 160-C, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Gajardo
- Laboratorio de Genética, Acuicultura & Biodiversidad, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Ricardo Galleguillos
- Department of Oceanography, Universidad de Concepcion, Casilla 160-C, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Maria I Cádiz
- Department of Zoology, Universidad de Concepcion, Casilla 160-C, Concepcion, Chile.,Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Barrio Universitario s/n, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Selim S Musleh
- Department of Zoology, Universidad de Concepcion, Casilla 160-C, Concepcion, Chile.,Department of Oceanography, Universidad de Concepcion, Casilla 160-C, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Daniel Gomez-Uchida
- Department of Zoology, Universidad de Concepcion, Casilla 160-C, Concepcion, Chile.,Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Barrio Universitario s/n, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
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24
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Vargas PV, Arismendi I, Gomez-Uchida D. Evaluating taxonomic homogenization of freshwater fish assemblages in Chile. REVISTA CHILENA DE HISTORIA NATURAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1186/s40693-015-0046-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Vera-Escalona I, Habit E, Ruzzante DE. Echoes of a distant time: effects of historical processes on contemporary genetic patterns in Galaxias platei in Patagonia. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:4112-28. [PMID: 26147523 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interpreting the genetic structure of a metapopulation as the outcome of gene flow over a variety of timescales is essential for the proper understanding of how changes in landscape affect biological connectivity. Here we contrast historical and contemporary connectivity in two metapopulations of the freshwater fish Galaxias platei in northern and southernmost Patagonia where paleolakes existed during the Holocene and Pleistocene, respectively. Contemporary gene flow was mostly high and asymmetrical in the northern system while extremely reduced in the southernmost system. Historical migration patterns were high and symmetric in the northern system and high and largely asymmetric in the southern system. Both systems showed a moderate structure with a clear pattern of isolation by distance (IBD). Effective population sizes were smaller in populations with low contemporary gene flow. An approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) approach suggests a late Holocene colonization of the lakes in the northern system and recent divergence of the populations from refugial populations from east and west of the Andes. For the southern system, the ABC approach reveals that some of the extant G. platei populations most likely derive from an ancestral population inhabiting a large Pleistocene paleolake while the rest derive from a higher-altitude lake. Our results suggest that neither historical nor contemporary processes individually fully explain the observed structure and geneflow patterns and both are necessary for a proper understanding of the factors that affect diversity and its distribution. Our study highlights the importance of a temporal perspective on connectivity to analyse the diversity of spatially complex metapopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Vera-Escalona
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford St., Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Evelyn Habit
- Departamento de Sistemas Acuáticos, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro EULA-Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n, Concepción, Chile
| | - Daniel E Ruzzante
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford St., Halifax, NS, Canada
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26
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Monzón-Argüello C, Consuegra S, Gajardo G, Marco-Rius F, Fowler DM, DeFaveri J, Garcia de Leaniz C. Contrasting patterns of genetic and phenotypic differentiation in two invasive salmonids in the southern hemisphere. Evol Appl 2014; 7:921-36. [PMID: 25469171 PMCID: PMC4211722 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasion success may be expected to increase with residence time (i.e., time since first introduction) and secondary releases (i.e., those that follow the original introduction), but this has rarely been tested in natural fish populations. We compared genetic and phenotypic divergence in rainbow trout and brown trout in Chile and the Falkland Islands to test the prediction that adaptive divergence, measured as PST/FST, would increase with residence time and secondary releases. We also explored whether interspecific competition between invaders could drive phenotypic divergence. Residence time had no significant effect on genetic diversity, phenotypic divergence, effective population size, or signatures of expansion of invasive trout. In contrast, secondary releases had a major effect on trout invasions, and rainbow trout populations mostly affected by aquaculture escapees showed significant divergence from less affected populations. Coexistence with brown trout had a positive effect on phenotypic divergence of rainbow trout. Our results highlight an important role of secondary releases in shaping fish invasions, but do not support the contention that older invaders are more differentiated than younger ones. They also suggest that exotic trout may not have yet developed local adaptations in these recently invaded habitats, at least with respect to growth-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gonzalo Gajardo
- Laboratorio de Genética, Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Los Lagos Osorno, Chile
| | | | | | - Jacquelin DeFaveri
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
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27
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Vera-Escalona I, Paterson IG, Habit E, Ruzzante DE. Development and characterization of 15 novel microsatellite markers for the freshwater fish Galaxias platei. CONSERV GENET RESOUR 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12686-014-0236-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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Labonne J, Vignon M, Prévost E, Lecomte F, Dodson JJ, Kaeuffer R, Aymes JC, Jarry M, Gaudin P, Davaine P, Beall E. Invasion dynamics of a fish-free landscape by brown trout (Salmo trutta). PLoS One 2013; 8:e71052. [PMID: 23990925 PMCID: PMC3749212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metapopulation dynamics over the course of an invasion are usually difficult to grasp because they require large and reliable data collection, often unavailable. The invasion of the fish-free freshwater ecosystems of the remote sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands following man-made introductions of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in the 1950's is an exception to this rule. Benefiting from a full long term environmental research monitoring of the invasion, we built a Bayesian dynamic metapopulation model to analyze the invasion dynamics of 85 river systems over 51 years. The model accounted for patch size (river length and connections to lakes), alternative dispersal pathways between rivers, temporal trends in dynamics, and uncertainty in colonization date. The results show that the model correctly represents the observed pattern of invasion, especially if we assume a coastal dispersal pathway between patches. Landscape attributes such as patch size influenced the colonization function, but had no effect on propagule pressure. Independently from patch size and distance between patches, propagule pressure and colonization function were not constant through time. Propagule pressure increased over the course of colonization, whereas the colonization function decreased, conditional on propagule pressure. The resulting pattern of this antagonistic interplay is an initial rapid invasion phase followed by a strong decrease in the invasion rate. These temporal trends may be due to either adaptive processes or environmental gradients encountered along the colonization front. It was not possible to distinguish these two hypotheses. Because invasibility of Kerguelen Is. freshwater ecosystems is very high due to the lack of a pre-existing fish fauna and minimal human interference, our estimates of invasion dynamics represent a blueprint for the potential of brown trout invasiveness in pristine environments. Our conclusions shed light on the future of polar regions where, because of climate change, fish-free ecosystems become increasingly accessible to invasion by fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Labonne
- INRA, UMR 1224, ECOBIOP, Pôle d'Hydrobiologie, Saint-Pée sur Nivelle, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Matthias Vignon
- UPPA, UMR 1224, ECOBIOP, Pôle d'Hydrobiologie, Saint-Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Etienne Prévost
- INRA, UMR 1224, ECOBIOP, Pôle d'Hydrobiologie, Saint-Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Frédéric Lecomte
- Ministère des Ressources naturelles et de la Faune du Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Julian J. Dodson
- Université Laval, Département de Biologie, Pavillon Vachon, Québec, Canada
| | - Renaud Kaeuffer
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Marc Jarry
- UPPA, UMR 1224, ECOBIOP, Pôle d'Hydrobiologie, Saint-Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Philippe Gaudin
- INRA, UMR 1224, ECOBIOP, Pôle d'Hydrobiologie, Saint-Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Patrick Davaine
- INRA, UMR 1224, ECOBIOP, Pôle d'Hydrobiologie, Saint-Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Edward Beall
- INRA, UMR 1224, ECOBIOP, Pôle d'Hydrobiologie, Saint-Pée sur Nivelle, France
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Alò D, Correa C, Arias C, Cárdenas L. Diversity of Aplochiton fishes (Galaxiidea) and the taxonomic resurrection of A. marinus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71577. [PMID: 23977079 PMCID: PMC3747208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aplochiton is a small genus of galaxiid fishes endemic to Patagonia and the Falkland Islands whose taxonomy is insufficiently resolved. Recent genetic analyses confirmed the existence of only two closely related species, Aplochiton taeniatus and Aplochiton zebra, while a third controversial species, Aplochiton marinus, remained lost to synonymy with A. taeniatus. Using an integrative taxonomy framework, we studied original samples and published sequences from a broad range in western Patagonia and the Falkland Islands, and generated robust species hypotheses based on single-locus (Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I; COI) species-delineation methods and known diagnostic morphological characters analyzed in a multivariate context. Results revealed three distinct evolutionary lineages that morphologically resemble, in important respects, existing nominal species descriptions. Interestingly, the lineage associated with A. marinus was unambiguously identifiable (100% accuracy) both from the genetic and morphological viewpoints. In contrast, the morphology of A. taeniatus and A. zebra overlapped substantially, mainly due to the high variability of A. taeniatus. Discriminant function analysis aided the identification of these species with 83.9% accuracy. Hence, for their unambiguous identification, genetic screening is needed. A. marinus has seldom been documented, and when recorded, it has always been found in sites with clear marine influence. It is possible that only A. marinus preserves a life cycle related to the sea akin to the hypothesized ancestral galaxiid. We did not find evidence of claimed diadromy in A. taeniatus or A. zebra, and, therefore, these should be regarded as freshwater species. Finally, a lack of phylogeographic patterns and overrepresentation of uncommon haplotypes suggested demographic expansions in recent evolutionary time, especially of A. zebra, in line with the hypothesis of large-scale range expansion and lineage spread in western Patagonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Alò
- Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad and Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Cristián Correa
- Department of Biology and Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carlos Arias
- Department of Biology and Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Leyla Cárdenas
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Jiménez JE, Arriagada AM, Fontúrbel FE, Camus PA, Avila-Thieme MI. Effects of exotic fish farms on bird communities in lake and marine ecosystems. Naturwissenschaften 2013; 100:779-87. [PMID: 23817947 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-013-1076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Salmon farming is a widespread activity around the world, also known to promote diverse environmental effects on aquatic ecosystems. However, information regarding the impact of salmon farming on bird assemblages is notably scarce. We hypothesize that salmon farming, by providing food subsidies and physical structures to birds, will change their local community structure. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a seasonal monitoring of bird richness, abundance, and composition at paired salmon pen and control plots in two marine and two lake sites in southern Chile, from fall 2002 to summer 2004. Overall, salmon farming had no significant effects on species richness, but bird abundance was significantly and noticeably higher in salmon pens than in controls. Such aggregation was mainly accounted for by the trophic guilds of omnivores, diving piscivores, carrion eaters, and perching piscivores, but not by invertebrate feeders, herbivores, and surface feeders. Species composition was also significantly and persistently different between salmon pens and controls within each lake or marine locality. The patterns described above remained consistent across environment types and seasons indicating that salmon farming is changing the community structure of birds in both lake and marine habitats by promoting functional and aggregation responses, particularly by favoring species with broader niches. Such local patterns may thus anticipate potential threats from the ongoing expansion of the salmon industry to neighboring areas in Chile, resulting in regional changes of bird communities, toward a less diverse one and dominated by opportunistic, common, and generalist species such as gulls, vultures, and cormorants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime E Jiménez
- Department of Biology, Sub-Antarctic Biocultural Conservation Program, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA.
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Elgueta A, González J, Ruzzante DE, Walde SJ, Habit E. Trophic interference by Salmo trutta on Aplochiton zebra and Aplochiton taeniatus in southern Patagonian lakes. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2013; 82:430-443. [PMID: 23398060 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03489.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The length and mass ratio, diet and isotopic composition of Aplochiton zebra and Aplochiton taeniatus inhabiting a Salmo trutta-invaded and a S. trutta-free lake in southern Patagonia were compared. Results indicate that S. trutta exercises important trophic interference over A. zebra and A. taeniatus, causing changes in their dietary composition by reducing the consumption of winged Diptera through changes in feeding behaviours that involve jumping out of the water. This effect is significantly higher in A. zebra than in A. taeniatus a species that has a highly specialized diet. The dietary changes of A. zebra and A. taeniatus in sympatry with S. trutta lead to an impoverishment of their isotopic nitrogen signals (δ(15)N), suggesting a reduction of their trophic position. In the case of A. zebra, this translates into a significant decrease in its body condition factor. Such interference could lead to a population decline of this species and would explain the current distribution range decline and allopatry with S. trutta in fluvial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Elgueta
- Centro de Ciencias Ambientales, EULA, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario sn, Concepción, Chile
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Riva Rossi CM, Pascual MA, Aedo Marchant E, Basso N, Ciancio JE, Mezga B, Fernández DA, Ernst-Elizalde B. The invasion of Patagonia by Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha): inferences from mitochondrial DNA patterns. Genetica 2012. [PMID: 23188114 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-012-9692-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, which was introduced deliberately in Chile four decades ago for sport fishing and aquaculture, represents a rare example of a successful translocation of an anadromous Pacific salmon into the southern Hemisphere, offering a unique opportunity to examine the role of introduction history and genetic variability in invasion success. We used historical information and mitochondrial displacement loop sequences (D-loop) from seven colonized sites in Chile and Argentina and from native and naturalized Chinook salmon populations to determine population sources and to examine levels of genetic diversity associated with the invasion. The analysis revealed that the Chinook salmon invasion in Patagonia originated from multiple population sources from northwestern North America and New Zealand, and admixed in the invaded range generating genetically diverse populations. Genetic analyses further indicated that the colonization of new populations ahead of the invasion front appear to have occurred by noncontiguous dispersal. Dispersal patterns coincided with ocean circulation patterns dominated by the West Wind Drift and the Cape Horn Currents. We conclude that admixture following multiple introductions, as well as long-distance dispersal events may have facilitated the successful invasion and rapid dispersal of Chinook salmon into Patagonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Riva Rossi
- Grupo de Estudios de Salmónidos Anádromos (GESA), Centro Nacional Patagónico (CENPAT-CONICET), Blvd. Brown 2915, 9120, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina.
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