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Soare AY, Bruno VM. Mucorales fungi suppress nitric oxide production by macrophages. mBio 2024; 15:e0284823. [PMID: 38095437 PMCID: PMC10790689 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02848-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE In October 2022, Mucorales fungi were listed in the "High Priority Group" on the first-ever list of fungal priority pathogens by the World Health Organization. As the causative agent of mucormycosis, Mucorales have become of great clinical and public health importance with growing mucormycosis numbers, notably with the exponential rise of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis cases. Despite the dire need, there are limited therapeutic options to treat mucormycosis. Our research fills in critical gaps of knowledge about how Mucorales fungi evade the host immune system. Specifically, we offer evidence that Mucorales block nitric oxide production, which is a key mediator and signaling molecule of the mammalian innate immune response to microbial pathogens. Our work offers new insight into immune evasion mechanisms by Mucorales fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Y. Soare
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vincent M. Bruno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Institute of Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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2
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Tian Y, Tian X, Li T, Wang W. Overview of the effects and mechanisms of NO and its donors on biofilms. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-20. [PMID: 37942962 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2279687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Microbial biofilm is undoubtedly a challenging problem in the food industry. It is closely associated with human health and life, being difficult to remove and antibiotic resistance. Therefore, an alternate method to solve these problems is needed. Nitric oxide (NO) as an antimicrobial agent, has shown great potential to disrupt biofilms. However, the extremely short half-life of NO in vivo (2 s) has facilitated the development of relatively more stable NO donors. Recent studies reported that NO could permeate biofilms, causing damage to cellular biomacromolecules, inducing biofilm dispersion by quorum sensing (QS) pathway and reducing intracellular bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) levels, and significantly improving the bactericidal effect without drug resistance. In this review, biofilm hazards and formation processes are presented, and the characteristics and inhibitory effects of NO donors are carefully discussed, with an emphasis on the possible mechanisms of NO resistance to biofilms and some advanced approaches concerning the remediation of NO donor deficiencies. Moreover, the future perspectives, challenges, and limitations of NO donors were summarized comprehensively. On the whole, this review aims to provide the application prospects of NO and its donors in the food industry and to make reliable choices based on these available research results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaojing Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Teng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenhang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
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3
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Gajewska J, Floryszak-Wieczorek J, Kosmala A, Perlikowski D, Żywicki M, Sobieszczuk-Nowicka E, Judelson HS, Arasimowicz-Jelonek M. Insight into metabolic sensors of nitrosative stress protection in Phytophthora infestans. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1148222. [PMID: 37546259 PMCID: PMC10399455 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1148222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora infestans, a representative of phytopathogenic oomycetes, have been proven to cope with redundant sources of internal and host-derived reactive nitrogen species (RNS). To gain insight into its nitrosative stress resistance mechanisms, metabolic sensors activated in response to nitrosative challenge during both in vitro growth and colonization of the host plant were investigated. The conducted analyses of gene expression, protein accumulation, and enzyme activity reveal for the first time that P. infestans (avirulent MP946 and virulent MP977 toward potato cv. Sarpo Mira) withstands nitrosative challenge and has an efficient system of RNS elimination. The obtained data indicate that the system protecting P. infestans against nitric oxide (NO) involved the expression of the nitric oxide dioxygenase (Pi-NOD1) gene belonging to the globin family. The maintenance of RNS homeostasis was also supported by an elevated S-nitrosoglutathione reductase activity and upregulation of peroxiredoxin 2 at the transcript and protein levels; however, the virulence pattern determined the expression abundance. Based on the experiments, it can be concluded that P. infestans possesses a multifarious system of metabolic sensors controlling RNS balance via detoxification, allowing the oomycete to exist in different micro-environments flexibly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Gajewska
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Arkadiusz Kosmala
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Dawid Perlikowski
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marek Żywicki
- Department of Computational Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa Sobieszczuk-Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Howard S. Judelson
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Magdalena Arasimowicz-Jelonek
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
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4
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Khan M, Ali S, Al Azzawi TNI, Yun BW. Nitric Oxide Acts as a Key Signaling Molecule in Plant Development under Stressful Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054782. [PMID: 36902213 PMCID: PMC10002851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), a colorless gaseous molecule, is a lipophilic free radical that easily diffuses through the plasma membrane. These characteristics make NO an ideal autocrine (i.e., within a single cell) and paracrine (i.e., between adjacent cells) signalling molecule. As a chemical messenger, NO plays a crucial role in plant growth, development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Furthermore, NO interacts with reactive oxygen species, antioxidants, melatonin, and hydrogen sulfide. It regulates gene expression, modulates phytohormones, and contributes to plant growth and defense mechanisms. In plants, NO is mainly produced via redox pathways. However, nitric oxide synthase, a key enzyme in NO production, has been poorly understood recently in both model and crop plants. In this review, we discuss the pivotal role of NO in signalling and chemical interactions as well as its involvement in the mitigation of biotic and abiotic stress conditions. In the current review, we have discussed various aspects of NO including its biosynthesis, interaction with reactive oxygen species (ROS), melatonin (MEL), hydrogen sulfide, enzymes, phytohormones, and its role in normal and stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murtaza Khan
- Department of Horticulture and Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Horticulture and Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (B.-W.Y.)
| | | | - Byung-Wook Yun
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (B.-W.Y.)
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5
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Ren Y, Yan T, Hu C, Liu D, He J. Exogenous Nitric Oxide-Induced Postharvest Gray Spot Disease Resistance in Loquat Fruit and Its Possible Mechanism of Action. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054369. [PMID: 36901799 PMCID: PMC10001853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of nitric oxide (NO) for control of grey spot rot cause by Pestalotiopsis eriobotryfolia in harvested loquat fruit and its probable mechanisms have been investigated. The results showed that NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) did not evidently inhibit mycelial growth and spore germination of P. eriobotryfolia, but resulted in a low disease incidence and small lesion diameter. SNP resulted in a higher hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) level in the early stage after inoculation and a lower H2O2 level in the latter period by regulating the activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase. At the same time, SNP enhanced the activities of chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, phenylalanine ammonialyase, polyphenoloxidase, and total phenolic content in loquat fruit. However, SNP treatment inhibited the activities of cell wall-modifying enzymes and the modification of cell wall components. Our results suggested that NO treatment might have potential in reducing grey spot rot of postharvest loquat fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: (Y.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Tengyu Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Chunmei Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Dong Liu
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Junyu He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: (Y.R.); (J.H.)
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6
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Anta-Fernández F, Santander-Gordón D, Becerra S, Santamaría R, Díaz-Mínguez JM, Benito EP. Nitric Oxide Metabolism Affects Germination in Botrytis cinerea and Is Connected to Nitrate Assimilation. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8070699. [PMID: 35887455 PMCID: PMC9324006 DOI: 10.3390/jof8070699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide regulates numerous physiological processes in species from all taxonomic groups. Here, its role in the early developmental stages of the fungal necrotroph Botrytis cinerea was investigated. Pharmacological analysis demonstrated that NO modulated germination, germ tube elongation and nuclear division rate. Experimental evidence indicates that exogenous NO exerts an immediate but transitory negative effect, slowing down germination-associated processes, and that this effect is largely dependent on the flavohemoglobin BCFHG1. The fungus exhibited a “biphasic response” to NO, being more sensitive to low and high concentrations than to intermediate levels of the NO donor. Global gene expression analysis in the wild-type and ΔBcfhg1 strains indicated a situation of strong nitrosative and oxidative stress determined by exogenous NO, which was much more intense in the mutant strain, that the cells tried to alleviate by upregulating several defense mechanisms, including the simultaneous upregulation of the genes encoding the flavohemoglobin BCFHG1, a nitronate monooxygenase (NMO) and a cyanide hydratase. Genetic evidence suggests the coordinated expression of Bcfhg1 and the NMO coding gene, both adjacent and divergently arranged, in response to NO. Nitrate assimilation genes were upregulated upon exposure to NO, and BCFHG1 appeared to be the main enzymatic system involved in the generation of the signal triggering their induction. Comparative expression analysis also showed the influence of NO on other cellular processes, such as mitochondrial respiration or primary and secondary metabolism, whose response could have been mediated by NmrA-like domain proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Anta-Fernández
- Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (F.A.-F.); (S.B.); (J.M.D.-M.)
| | - Daniela Santander-Gordón
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas (FICA), Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Universidad de las Américas (UDLA), Quito 170513, Ecuador;
| | - Sioly Becerra
- Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (F.A.-F.); (S.B.); (J.M.D.-M.)
| | - Rodrigo Santamaría
- Department of Computer Science, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - José María Díaz-Mínguez
- Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (F.A.-F.); (S.B.); (J.M.D.-M.)
| | - Ernesto Pérez Benito
- Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (F.A.-F.); (S.B.); (J.M.D.-M.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Chen Y, Deng H, Zhang J, Tiemur A, Wang J, Wu B. Effect of nitric oxide fumigation on microorganisms and quality of dried apricots during storage. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Institute of Commodity Storage and Processing Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Urumqi People’s Republic of China
- Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou People’s Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xinjiang University Urumqi People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Deng
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy Xinjiang Agricultural University Urumqi People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Commodity Storage and Processing Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Urumqi People’s Republic of China
| | - Atawula Tiemur
- Institute of Commodity Storage and Processing Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Urumqi People’s Republic of China
| | - Jide Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xinjiang University Urumqi People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Wu
- Institute of Commodity Storage and Processing Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Urumqi People’s Republic of China
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9
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Panta P, Dhopathi SR, Andhavarapu A, Patil S. Yogic-humming: A Respiratory Defense Booster for COVID Times. J Contemp Dent Pract 2021; 22:721-723. [PMID: 34615773 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The traditional Indian healthcare system of Yoga contains a wealth of health-promotional practices-some of which are based on "humming." "Humming" is produced when a wordless sound is forced to exit through the nose while keeping the mouth either fully closed or nearly closed; it is a low, prolonged, and buzzing sound. In humming practices like "Bhramari pranayama" (normal inhalation followed by lengthened exhalation + bee-like humming), there is a full-mouth closure,1 and in practices like "OM chanting" (normal inhalation followed by lengthened exhalation +OM humming), there is a near-closure. Besides these, other mantra-oriented practices also generate a similar humming effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Panta
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, MNR Dental College and Hospital, Sangareddy, Telangana, India, Phone +91 9701806830, e-mail:
| | - Sravya Reddy Dhopathi
- Department of Periodontics, MNR Dental College and Hospital, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - Archana Andhavarapu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Malla Reddy Medical College for Women, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Jedelská T, Luhová L, Petřivalský M. Nitric oxide signalling in plant interactions with pathogenic fungi and oomycetes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:848-863. [PMID: 33367760 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive nitrogen species have emerged as crucial signalling and regulatory molecules across all organisms. In plants, fungi, and fungi-like oomycetes, NO is involved in the regulation of multiple processes during their growth, development, reproduction, responses to the external environment, and biotic interactions. It has become evident that NO is produced and used as a signalling and defence cue by both partners in multiple forms of plant interactions with their microbial counterparts, ranging from symbiotic to pathogenic modes. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of NO in plant-pathogen interactions, focused on biotrophic, necrotrophic, and hemibiotrophic fungi and oomycetes. Actual advances and gaps in the identification of NO sources and fate in plant and pathogen cells are discussed. We review the decisive role of time- and site-specific NO production in germination, oriented growth, and active penetration by filamentous pathogens of the host tissues, as well in pathogen recognition, and defence activation in plants. Distinct functions of NO in diverse interactions of host plants with fungal and oomycete pathogens of different lifestyles are highlighted, where NO in interplay with reactive oxygen species governs successful plant colonization, cell death, and establishment of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Jedelská
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Luhová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Petřivalský
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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11
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Ren Y, Xue Y, Tian D, Zhang L, Xiao G, He J. Improvement of Postharvest Anthracnose Resistance in Mango Fruit by Nitric Oxide and the Possible Mechanisms Involved. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:15460-15467. [PMID: 33320657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The anthracnose rot of postharvest mango fruit is a devastating fungal disease often resulting in tremendous quality deterioration and postharvest losses. Nitric oxide (NO), as an important signaling molecule, is involved in the responses to postharvest fruit diseases. In the present study, the effectiveness of NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) to prevent anthracnose of "Tainong" mango fruit caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was evaluated through in vivo and in vitro tests. Results from in vivo test showed that SNP treatment effectively inhibited the lesion diameter and disease incidence on inoculated mango fruit during storage. SNP treatment could regulate hydrogen peroxide levels by reinforcing the activities of catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and ascorbate peroxidase. Furthermore, SNP elevated the accumulation of lignin, total phenolics, anthocyanin, and flavonoids and the activities of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase. In addition, in vitro tests indicated that SNP markedly suppressed mycelial growth and spore germination of C. gloeosporioides through damaging plasma membrane integrity and increasing the leakage of soluble sugar and protein. Our results suggested that SNP could suppress anthracnose decay in postharvest mango fruit, possibly by directly suppressing pathogen growth and indirectly triggering host defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Ren
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Petrochemical Safety and Environmental Engineering Research Center, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhao Xue
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Tian
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Zhang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiyun Xiao
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyu He
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Petrochemical Safety and Environmental Engineering Research Center, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China
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Khaliq G, Ullah M, Memon SA, Ali A, Rashid M. Exogenous nitric oxide reduces postharvest anthracnose disease and maintains quality of custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) fruit during ripening. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00658-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Filippovich SY, Onufriev MV, Peregud DI, Bachurina GP, Kritsky MS. Nitric-Oxide Synthase Activity in the Photomorphogenesis of Neurospora сrassa. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683820040043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Tang C, Li T, Klosterman SJ, Tian C, Wang Y. The bZIP transcription factor VdAtf1 regulates virulence by mediating nitrogen metabolism in Verticillium dahliae. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:1461-1479. [PMID: 32040203 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The fungus Verticillium dahliae causes vascular wilt disease on hundreds of plant species. Homologs of the bZIP transcription factor Atf1 are required for virulence in most pathogenic fungi, but the molecular basis for their involvement is largely unknown. We performed targeted gene deletion, expression analysis, biochemistry and pathogenicity assays to demonstrate that VdAtf1 governs pathogenesis via the regulation of nitrosative resistance and nitrogen metabolism in V. dahliae. VdAtf1 controls pathogenesis via the regulation of nitric oxide (NO) resistance and inorganic nitrogen metabolism rather than oxidative resistance and is important for penetration peg formation in V. dahliae. VdAtf1 affects ammonium and nitrate assimilation in response to various nitrogen sources. VdAtf1 may be involved in regulating the expression of VdNut1. VdAtf1 responds to NO stress by strengthening the fungal cell wall, and by causing over-accumulation of methylglyoxal and glycerol, which in turn impacts NO detoxification. We also verified that the VdAtf1 ortholog in Fusarium graminearum mediates nitrogen metabolism, suggesting conservation of this function in related plant pathogenic fungi. Our findings revealed new functions of VdAtf1 in pathogenesis, response to nitrosative stress and nitrogen metabolism in V. dahliae. The results provide novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms of the transcription factor VdAtf1 in virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Steven J Klosterman
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, Salinas, CA, 93905, USA
| | - Chengming Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yonglin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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Lou HW, Zhao Y, Chen BX, Yu YH, Tang HB, Ye ZW, Lin JF, Guo LQ. Cmfhp Gene Mediates Fruiting Body Development and Carotenoid Production in Cordyceps militaris. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030410. [PMID: 32155914 PMCID: PMC7175373 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris fruiting bodies contain a variety of bioactive components that are beneficial to the human body. However, the low yield of fruiting bodies and the low carotenoid content in C. militaris have seriously hindered the development of the C. militaris industry. To elucidate the developmental mechanism of the fruiting bodies of C. militaris and the biosynthesis mechanism of carotenoids, the function of the flavohemoprotein-like Cmfhp gene of C. militaris was identified for the first time. The Cmfhp gene was knocked out by the split-marker method, and the targeted gene deletion mutant ΔCmfhp was obtained. An increased nitric oxide (NO) content, no fruiting body production, decreased carotenoid content, and reduced conidial production were found in the mutant ΔCmfhp. These characteristics were restored when the Cmfhp gene expression cassette was complemented into the ΔCmfhp strain by the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method. Nonetheless, the Cmfhp gene had no significant effect on the mycelial growth rate of C. militaris. These results indicated that the Cmfhp gene regulated the biosynthesis of NO and carotenoids, the development of fruiting bodies, and the formation of conidia. These findings potentially pave the way to reveal the developmental mechanism of fruiting bodies and the biosynthesis mechanism of carotenoids in C. militaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Wei Lou
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.-W.L.); (B.-X.C.); (Y.-H.Y.); (Z.-W.Y.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Yu Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Bai-Xiong Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.-W.L.); (B.-X.C.); (Y.-H.Y.); (Z.-W.Y.)
| | - Ying-Hao Yu
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.-W.L.); (B.-X.C.); (Y.-H.Y.); (Z.-W.Y.)
| | - Hong-Biao Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.-W.L.); (B.-X.C.); (Y.-H.Y.); (Z.-W.Y.)
| | - Zhi-Wei Ye
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.-W.L.); (B.-X.C.); (Y.-H.Y.); (Z.-W.Y.)
| | - Jun-Fang Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.-W.L.); (B.-X.C.); (Y.-H.Y.); (Z.-W.Y.)
- Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence: (J.-F.L.); (L.-Q.G.)
| | - Li-Qiong Guo
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.-W.L.); (B.-X.C.); (Y.-H.Y.); (Z.-W.Y.)
- Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence: (J.-F.L.); (L.-Q.G.)
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The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and Nitric Oxide in the Inhibition of Trichophyton rubrum Growth by HaCaT Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8548619. [PMID: 32104540 PMCID: PMC7038170 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8548619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Trichophyton rubrum (T. rubrum) is one of the most important agents of dermatophyte infection in humans. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of HaCaT cells on T. rubrum, investigate the responsible mechanism of action, and explore the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) in the inhibition of T. rubrum growth by HaCaT cells. The viability of fungi treated with HaCaT cells alone and with HaCaT cells combined with pretreatment with the NADPH oxidase inhibitor (DPI) or the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NMMA was determined by enumerating the colony-forming units. NOS, ROS, and NO levels were quantified using fluorescent probes. The levels of the NOS inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Micromorphology was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, fungal keratinase activity was assessed by measuring dye release from keratin azure. In vitro fungal viability, keratinase activity, and ADMA content decreased after HaCaT cell intervention, whereas the levels of ROS, NO, and NOS increased. The micromorphology was abnormal. Fungi pretreated with DPI and L-NMMA exhibited opposite effects. HaCaT cells inhibited the growth and pathogenicity of T. rubrum in vitro. A suggested mechanism is that ROS and NO play an important role in the inhibition of T. rubrum growth by HaCaT cells.
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Chen Y, Guo Q, Wei J, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Wang JD, Wu B. Inhibitory effect and mechanism of nitric oxide (NO) fumigation on fungal disease in Xinjiang Saimaiti dried apricots. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Filippovich SY, Onufriev MV, Bachurina GP, Kritsky MS. The Role of Nitrogen Oxide in Photomorphogenesis in Neurospora сrassa. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683819030074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Strohm E, Herzner G, Ruther J, Kaltenpoth M, Engl T. Nitric oxide radicals are emitted by wasp eggs to kill mold fungi. eLife 2019; 8:e43718. [PMID: 31182189 PMCID: PMC6559793 DOI: 10.7554/elife.43718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Detrimental microbes caused the evolution of a great diversity of antimicrobial defenses in plants and animals. Insects developing underground seem particularly threatened. Here we show that the eggs of a solitary digger wasp, the European beewolf Philanthus triangulum, emit large amounts of gaseous nitric oxide (NO⋅) to protect themselves and their provisions, paralyzed honeybees, against mold fungi. We provide evidence that a NO-synthase (NOS) is involved in the generation of the extraordinary concentrations of nitrogen radicals in brood cells (~1500 ppm NO⋅ and its oxidation product NO2⋅). Sequencing of the beewolf NOS gene revealed no conspicuous differences to related species. However, due to alternative splicing, the NOS-mRNA in beewolf eggs lacks an exon near the regulatory domain. This preventive external application of high doses of NO⋅ by wasp eggs represents an evolutionary key innovation that adds a remarkable novel facet to the array of functions of the important biological effector NO⋅.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhard Strohm
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Institute of ZoologyUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Gudrun Herzner
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Institute of ZoologyUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Joachim Ruther
- Chemical Ecology Group, Institute of ZoologyUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Martin Kaltenpoth
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Institute of ZoologyUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
- Insect Symbiosis Research GroupMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany
| | - Tobias Engl
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Institute of ZoologyUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
- Insect Symbiosis Research GroupMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany
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20
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Guo SX, Yao GF, Ye HR, Tang J, Huang ZQ, Yang F, Li YH, Han Z, Hu LY, Zhang H, Hu KD. Functional Characterization of a Cystathionine β-Synthase Gene in Sulfur Metabolism and Pathogenicity of Aspergillus niger in Pear Fruit. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4435-4443. [PMID: 30945533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus niger, which is a fungal pathogen, causes rot in a variety of fruits. In this study, the cystathionine β-synthase cbsA gene was deleted by homologous recombination to study its role in sulfur metabolism and pathogenicity of A. niger. The results showed that Δ cbsA strain maintained normal mycelia growth and sporulation compared with the control strain A. niger MA 70.15, whereas the contents of cysteine and glutathione (GSH) increased significantly after cbsA deletion. However, Δ cbsA strain showed reduced endogenous H2S production. Further results showed that cbsA gene deletion induced higher resistance to cadmium stress and stronger infectivity to pears. It was also found that a stronger response of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was induced in Δ cbsA mutant-infected pear compared with the control strain. In all, the present research suggested the important role of cbsA in sulfur metabolism and pathogenicity of A. niger in pear fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Xuan Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
| | - Gai-Fang Yao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
| | - Hui-Ran Ye
- School of Science , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , China
| | - Jun Tang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou 221131 , China
| | - Zhong-Qin Huang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou 221131 , China
| | - Feng Yang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou 221131 , China
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
| | - Zhuo Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
| | - Lan-Ying Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Compound Seasoning , Anhui Qiangwang Seasoning Food Co., Ltd. , Jieshou 236500 , China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
| | - Kang-Di Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
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21
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Zhang MK, Tang J, Huang ZQ, Hu KD, Li YH, Han Z, Chen XY, Hu LY, Yao GF, Zhang H. Reduction of Aspergillus niger Virulence in Apple Fruits by Deletion of the Catalase Gene cpeB. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:5401-5409. [PMID: 29745230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus niger, a common saprophytic fungus, causes rot in many fruits. We studied the role of a putative catalase-peroxidase-encoding gene, cpeB, in oxidative stress and virulence in fruit. The cpeB gene was deleted in A. niger by homologous recombination, and the Δ cpeB mutant showed decreased CAT activity compared with that of the wild type. The cpeB gene deletion caused increased sensitivity to H2O2 stress, and spore germination was significantly reduced; in addition, the reactive-oxygen-species (ROS) metabolites superoxide anions (·O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulated in the Δ cpeB mutant during H2O2 stress. Furthermore, ROS metabolism in A. niger infected apples was determined, and our results showed that the Δ cpeB mutant induced an attenuated response in apple fruit during the fruit-pathogen interaction; the cpeB gene deletion significantly reduced the development of lesions, suggesting that the cpeB gene in A. niger is essential for full virulence in apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ke Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
| | - Jun Tang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province , Xuzhou 221131 , China
| | - Zhong-Qin Huang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province , Xuzhou 221131 , China
| | - Kang-Di Hu
- School of Food Science and Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
| | - Zhuo Han
- School of Food Science and Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
| | - Xiao-Yan Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
| | - Lan-Ying Hu
- School of Food Science and Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
| | - Gai-Fang Yao
- School of Food Science and Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
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22
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Arasimowicz-Jelonek M, Floryszak-Wieczorek J. Nitric Oxide in the Offensive Strategy of Fungal and Oomycete Plant Pathogens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:252. [PMID: 26973690 PMCID: PMC4778047 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In the course of evolutionary changes pathogens have developed many invasion strategies, to which the host organisms responded with a broad range of defense reactions involving endogenous signaling molecules, such as nitric oxide (NO). There is evidence that pathogenic microorganisms, including two most important groups of eukaryotic plant pathogens, also acquired the ability to synthesize NO via non-unequivocally defined oxidative and/or reductive routes. Although the both kingdoms Chromista and Fungi are remarkably diverse, the experimental data clearly indicate that pathogen-derived NO is an important regulatory molecule controlling not only developmental processes, but also pathogen virulence and its survival in the host. An active control of mitigation or aggravation of nitrosative stress within host cells seems to be a key determinant for the successful invasion of plant pathogens representing different lifestyles and an effective mode of dispersion in various environmental niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Arasimowicz-Jelonek
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology, The Adam Mickiewicz UniversityPoznan, Poland
- *Correspondence: Magdalena Arasimowicz-Jelonek,
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Zhang Z, Wang J, Chai R, Qiu H, Jiang H, Mao X, Wang Y, Liu F, Sun G. An S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase is involved in conidiation and full virulence in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120627. [PMID: 25793615 PMCID: PMC4368689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnaporthe oryzae is a hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen that causes rice blast disease. A compatible interaction requires overcoming plant defense responses to initiate colonization during the early infection process. Nitric oxide (NO) plays important roles in defense responses during host-pathogen interactions. Microbes generally protect themselves against NO-induced damage by using enzymes. Here, we characterized an S-(hydroxymethyl)-glutathione dehydrogenase gene in M. oryzae, MoSFA1, the homologs of which are involved in NO metabolism by specifically catalyzing the reduction of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) in yeasts and plants. As expected from the activities of S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase in formaldehyde detoxification and GSNO reduction, MoSFA1 deletion mutants were lethal in formaldehyde containing medium, sensitive to exogenous NO and exhibited a higher level of S-nitrosothiols (SNOs) than that of the wild type. Notably, the mutants showed severe reduction of conidiation and appressoria turgor pressure, as well as significantly attenuated the virulence on rice cultivar CO-39. However, the virulence of MoSFA1 deletion mutants on wounded rice leaf was not affected. An infection assay on barley leaf further revealed that MoSFA1 deletion mutants exhibited a lower infection rate, and growth of infectious hyphae of the mutants was retarded not only in primary infected cells but also in expansion from cell to cell. Furthermore, barley leaf cell infected by MoSFA1 deletion mutants exhibited a stronger accumulation of H2O2 at 24 and 36 hpi. MoSFA1 deletion mutants displayed hypersensitivity to different oxidants, reduced activities of superoxide dismutases and peroxidases, and lower glutathione content in cells, compared with the wild type. These results imply that MoSFA1-mediated NO metabolism is important in redox homeostasis in response to development and host infection of M. oryzae. Taken together, this work identifies that MoSFA1 is required for conidiation and contributes to virulence in the penetration and biotrophic phases in M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaoyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongyao Chai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiping Qiu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Mao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengquan Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guochang Sun
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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24
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An antifungal role of hydrogen sulfide on the postharvest pathogens Aspergillus niger and Penicillium italicum. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104206. [PMID: 25101960 PMCID: PMC4125178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, the antifungal role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on the postharvest pathogens Aspergillus niger and Penicillium italicum growing on fruits and under culture conditions on defined media was investigated. Our results show that H2S, released by sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) effectively reduced the postharvest decay of fruits induced by A. niger and P. italicum. Furthermore, H2S inhibited spore germination, germ tube elongation, mycelial growth, and produced abnormal mycelial contractions when the fungi were grown on defined media in Petri plates. Further studies showed that H2S could cause an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in A. niger. In accordance with this observation we show that enzyme activities and the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) genes in A. niger treated with H2S were lower than those in control. Moreover, H2S also significantly inhibited the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhizopus oryzae, the human pathogen Candida albicans, and several food-borne bacteria. We also found that short time exposure of H2S showed a microbicidal role rather than just inhibiting the growth of microbes. Taken together, this study suggests the potential value of H2S in reducing postharvest loss and food spoilage caused by microbe propagation.
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25
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Lai T, Chen Y, Li B, Qin G, Tian S. Mechanism of Penicillium expansum in response to exogenous nitric oxide based on proteomics analysis. J Proteomics 2014; 103:47-56. [PMID: 24675182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Penicillium expansum is an important fungal pathogen, which causes blue mold rot in various fruits and produces a mycotoxin (patulin) with potential damage to public health. Here, we found that nitric oxide (NO) donor could significantly inhibit germinability of P. expansum spores, resulting in lower virulence to apple fruit. Based on two dimension electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, we identified ten differentially expressed proteins in response to exogenous NO in P. expansum. Among of them, five proteins, such as glutamine synthetase (GS), amidohydrolase, nitrilases, nitric oxide dioxygenase (NOD) and heat shock protein 70, were up-regulated. Others including tetratricopeptide repeat domain, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase, enolase (Eno), heat shock protein 60 and K homology RNA-binding domain were down-regulated. The expression of three genes associated with the identified proteins (GS, NOD, and Eno) was evaluated at the mRNA level by RT-PCR. Our results provide the novel evidence for understanding the mechanism, by which NO regulates growth of P. expansum and its virulence. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Crop diseases caused by fungal pathogens lead to huge economic losses every year in the world. Application of chemical fungicides to control diseases brings the concern about food and environmental safety. Screening new antimicrobial compounds and exploring involved mechanisms have great significance to development of new disease management strategies. Nitric oxide (NO), as an important intracellular signaling molecule, has been proved to be involved in many physiological processes and defense responses during plant-pathogen interactions. In this study, we firstly found that NO at high concentration could distinctly delay spore germination and significantly reduce virulence of P. expansum to fruit host, identified some important proteins in response to NO stress and characterized the functions of these proteins. These results provide novel evidence for understanding the mechanism of NO regulating virulence of the fungal pathogen, but are beneficial for screening new targets of antifungal compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongfei Lai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan Nanxincun 20, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan Nanxincun 20, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Boqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan Nanxincun 20, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Guozheng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan Nanxincun 20, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Shiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan Nanxincun 20, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, China.
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26
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Effects of nitric oxide on growth of Fusarium sulphureum and its virulence to potato tubers. Eur Food Res Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-014-2180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Hu KD, Wang Q, Hu LY, Gao SP, Wu J, Li YH, Zheng JL, Han Y, Liu YS, Zhang H. Hydrogen sulfide prolongs postharvest storage of fresh-cut pears (Pyrus pyrifolia) by alleviation of oxidative damage and inhibition of fungal growth. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85524. [PMID: 24454881 PMCID: PMC3893216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has proved to be a multifunctional signaling molecule in plants and animals. Here, we investigated the role of H2S in the decay of fresh-cut pears (Pyrus pyrifolia). H2S gas released by sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) prolonged the shelf life of fresh-cut pear slices in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, H2S maintained higher levels of reducing sugar and soluble protein in pear slices. H2S significantly reduced the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide radicals (•O2(-)) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Further investigation showed that H2S fumigation up-regulated the activities of antioxidant enzymes ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), and guaiacol peroxidase (POD), while it down-regulated those of lipoxygenase (LOX), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO). Furthermore, H2S fumigation effectively inhibited the growth of two fungal pathogens of pear, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium expansum, suggesting that H2S can be developed as an effective fungicide for postharvest storage. The present study implies that H2S is involved in prolonging postharvest storage of pears by acting as an antioxidant and fungicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Di Hu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Lan-Ying Hu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Shuai-Ping Gao
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jun Wu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ji-Lian Zheng
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yi Han
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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28
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Hong JK, Kang SR, Kim YH, Yoon DJ, Kim DH, Kim HJ, Sung CH, Kang HS, Choi CW, Kim SH, Kim YS. Hydrogen Peroxide- and Nitric Oxide-mediated Disease Control of Bacterial Wilt in Tomato Plants. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2013; 29:386-96. [PMID: 25288967 PMCID: PMC4174819 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.04.2013.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in tomato plants by Ralstonia solanacearum infection and the role of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide in tomato bacterial wilt control were demonstrated. During disease development of tomato bacterial wilt, accumulation of superoxide anion (O2 (-)) and H2O2 was observed and lipid peroxidation also occurred in the tomato leaf tissues. High doses of H2O2and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) nitric oxide donor showed phytotoxicity to detached tomato leaves 1 day after petiole feeding showing reduced fresh weight. Both H2O2and SNP have in vitro antibacterial activities against R. solanacearum in a dose-dependent manner, as well as plant protection in detached tomato leaves against bacterial wilt by 10(6) and 10(7) cfu/ml of R. solanacearum. H2O2- and SNP-mediated protection was also evaluated in pots using soil-drench treatment with the bacterial inoculation, and relative 'area under the disease progressive curve (AUDPC)' was calculated to compare disease protection by H2O2 and/or SNP with untreated control. Neither H2O2 nor SNP protect the tomato seedlings from the bacterial wilt, but H2O2+ SNP mixture significantly decreased disease severity with reduced relative AUDPC. These results suggest that H2O2 and SNP could be used together to control bacterial wilt in tomato plants as bactericidal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeum Kyu Hong
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 660-758, Korea
| | - Su Ran Kang
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 660-758, Korea
| | - Yeon Hwa Kim
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 660-758, Korea
| | - Dong June Yoon
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 660-758, Korea
| | - Do Hoon Kim
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 660-758, Korea
| | - Hyeon Ji Kim
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 660-758, Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Sung
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 660-758, Korea
| | - Han Sol Kang
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 660-758, Korea
| | - Chang Won Choi
- Department of Biology and Medical Science, Paichai University, Daejeon 302-735, Korea
| | - Seong Hwan Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Institute of Basic Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea
| | - Young Shik Kim
- Department of Plant Science and Food Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Cheonan 330-720, Korea
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Martínez-García PJ, Parfitt DE, Bostock RM, Fresnedo-Ramírez J, Vazquez-Lobo A, Ogundiwin EA, Gradziel TM, Crisosto CH. Application of genomic and quantitative genetic tools to identify candidate resistance genes for brown rot resistance in peach. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78634. [PMID: 24244329 PMCID: PMC3823860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of a complete peach genome assembly and three different peach genome sequences created by our group provide new opportunities for application of genomic data and can improve the power of the classical Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) approaches to identify candidate genes for peach disease resistance. Brown rot caused by Monilinia spp., is the most important fungal disease of stone fruits worldwide. Improved levels of peach fruit rot resistance have been identified in some cultivars and advanced selections developed in the UC Davis and USDA breeding programs. Whole genome sequencing of the Pop-DF parents lead to discovery of high-quality SNP markers for QTL genome scanning in this experimental population. Pop-DF created by crossing a brown rot moderately resistant cultivar 'Dr. Davis' and a brown rot resistant introgression line, 'F8,1-42', derived from an initial almond × peach interspecific hybrid, was evaluated for brown rot resistance in fruit of harvest maturity over three seasons. Using the SNP linkage map of Pop-DF and phenotypic data collected with inoculated fruit, a genome scan for QTL identified several SNP markers associated with brown rot resistance. Two of these QTLs were placed on linkage group 1, covering a large (physical) region on chromosome 1. The genome scan for QTL and SNP effects predicted several candidate genes associated with disease resistance responses in other host-pathogen systems. Two potential candidate genes, ppa011763m and ppa026453m, may be the genes primarily responsible for M. fructicola recognition in peach, activating both PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) responses. Our results provide a foundation for further genetic dissection, marker assisted breeding for brown rot resistance, and development of peach cultivars resistant to brown rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J. Martínez-García
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Dan E. Parfitt
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Richard M. Bostock
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Fresnedo-Ramírez
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Alejandra Vazquez-Lobo
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF, México
| | - Ebenezer A. Ogundiwin
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Thomas M. Gradziel
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Carlos H. Crisosto
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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30
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Regev-Shoshani G, Crowe A, Miller CC. A nitric oxide-releasing solution as a potential treatment for fungi associated with tinea pedis. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 114:536-44. [PMID: 23082864 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To test a nitric oxide-releasing solution (NORS) as a potential antifungal footbath therapy against Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum during the mycelial and conidial phases. METHODS AND RESULTS NORS (sodium nitrite citric acid) produces nitric oxide verified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antifungal activity of this solution was tested against mycelia and conidia of T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum, using 1-20 mmol l(-1) nitrites and 10-30 min exposure times. The direct effect of the gas released from the solution on the viability of those fungi was tested. NORS demonstrated strong antifungal activity and was found to be dose and time dependent. NO and nitrogen dioxide (NO(2) ) were the only gases detected from this reaction and are likely responsible for the antifungal effect. CONCLUSIONS This in vitro research suggests that a single 20-min exposure to NORS could potentially be used as an effective single-dose treatment against fungi that are associated with tinea pedis in both mycelia and spore phase. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study provides the background for developing a user-friendly footbath treatment for Athlete's Foot that will kill both vegetative fungi and its spores.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Regev-Shoshani
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and affiliated with Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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31
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Oxidative Damage Involves in the Inhibitory Effect of Nitric Oxide on Spore Germination of Penicillium expansum. Curr Microbiol 2010; 62:229-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-010-9695-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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32
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Seabra AB, Martins D, Simões MMSG, da Silva R, Brocchi M, de Oliveira MG. Antibacterial nitric oxide-releasing polyester for the coating of blood-contacting artificial materials. Artif Organs 2010; 34:E204-14. [PMID: 20497163 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.2010.00998.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria associated with blood-contacting artificial materials is a growing health problem, which demands new approaches in the field of biomaterials research. In this study, a poly(sulfhydrylated polyester) (PSPE) was synthesized by the polyesterification reaction of mercaptosuccinic acid with 3-mercapto-1,2-propanediol and blended with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) from solution, leading to solid PSPE/PMMA films, with three different PSPE : PMMMA mass ratios. These films were subsequently S-nitrosated through the immersion in acidified nitrite solution, yielding poly(nitrosated)polyester/PMMA (PNPE/PMMA) films. A polyurethane intravascular catheter coated with PNPE/PMMA was shown to release nitric oxide (NO) in phosphate buffered saline solution (pH 7.4) at 37 degrees C at rates of 4.6 nmol/cm(2)/h in the first 6 h and 0.8 nmol/cm(2)/h in the next 12 h. When used to coat the bottom of culture plates, NO released from these films exerted a potent dose- and time-dependent antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and a multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. This antibacterial effect of PSPE/PMMA films opens a new perspective for the coating of blood-contacting artificial materials, for avoiding their colonization with highly resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedea B Seabra
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas SP, Brazil
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33
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Manjunatha G, Lokesh V, Neelwarne B. Nitric oxide in fruit ripening: trends and opportunities. Biotechnol Adv 2010; 28:489-99. [PMID: 20307642 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2009] [Revised: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring ethylene is crucial in regulating post-harvest life of fruits. The concept of nitric oxide (NO) involvement in antagonizing ethylene is new. NO mediated physiologies casted through regulation of plant hormones are widely reported during developmental and stress chemistry having no direct link with ripening. Research in NO biology and understanding its interplay with other signal molecules in ripening fruits suggest ways of achieving greater synergies with NO applications. Experiments focused at convincingly demonstrating the involvement of NO in altering ripening-related ethylene profile of fruits, would help develop new processes for shelf life extension. This issue being the central theme of this review, the putative mechanisms of NO intricacies with other primary and secondary signals are hypothesized. The advantage of eliciting NO endogenously may open up various biotechnological opportunities for its precise delivery into the target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Manjunatha
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore-570 020, India
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