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González-Cabanelas D, Perreca E, Rohwer JM, Schmidt A, Engl T, Raguschke B, Gershenzon J, Wright LP. Deoxyxylulose 5-Phosphate Synthase Does Not Play a Major Role in Regulating the Methylerythritol 4-Phosphate Pathway in Poplar. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4181. [PMID: 38673766 PMCID: PMC11049974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The plastidic 2-C-methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway supplies the precursors of a large variety of essential plant isoprenoids, but its regulation is still not well understood. Using metabolic control analysis (MCA), we examined the first enzyme of this pathway, 1-deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS), in multiple grey poplar (Populus × canescens) lines modified in their DXS activity. Single leaves were dynamically labeled with 13CO2 in an illuminated, climate-controlled gas exchange cuvette coupled to a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer, and the carbon flux through the MEP pathway was calculated. Carbon was rapidly assimilated into MEP pathway intermediates and labeled both the isoprene released and the IDP+DMADP pool by up to 90%. DXS activity was increased by 25% in lines overexpressing the DXS gene and reduced by 50% in RNA interference lines, while the carbon flux in the MEP pathway was 25-35% greater in overexpressing lines and unchanged in RNA interference lines. Isoprene emission was also not altered in these different genetic backgrounds. By correlating absolute flux to DXS activity under different conditions of light and temperature, the flux control coefficient was found to be low. Among isoprenoid end products, isoprene itself was unchanged in DXS transgenic lines, but the levels of the chlorophylls and most carotenoids measured were 20-30% less in RNA interference lines than in overexpression lines. Our data thus demonstrate that DXS in the isoprene-emitting grey poplar plays only a minor part in controlling flux through the MEP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego González-Cabanelas
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Plank Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany; (D.G.-C.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (J.G.); (L.P.W.)
| | - Erica Perreca
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Plank Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany; (D.G.-C.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (J.G.); (L.P.W.)
| | - Johann M. Rohwer
- Laboratory for Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa;
| | - Axel Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Plank Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany; (D.G.-C.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (J.G.); (L.P.W.)
| | - Tobias Engl
- Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max Plank Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Bettina Raguschke
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Plank Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany; (D.G.-C.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (J.G.); (L.P.W.)
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Plank Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany; (D.G.-C.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (J.G.); (L.P.W.)
| | - Louwrance P. Wright
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Plank Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany; (D.G.-C.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (J.G.); (L.P.W.)
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2
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Ingham CS, Engl T, Kaltenpoth M. Protection of a defensive symbiont does not constrain the composition of the multifunctional hydrocarbon profile in digger wasps. Biol Lett 2023; 19:20230301. [PMID: 37909057 PMCID: PMC10618855 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2023.0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrocarbons (HCs) fulfil indispensable functions in insects, protecting against desiccation and serving chemical communication. However, the link between composition and function, and the selection pressures shaping HC profiles remain poorly understood. Beewolf digger wasps (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) use an antennal gland secretion rich in linear unsaturated HCs to form a hydrophobic barrier around their defensive bacterial symbiont, protecting it from brood cell fumigation by toxic egg-produced nitric oxide (NO). Virtually identical HC compositions mediate desiccation protection and prey preservation from moulding in underground beewolf brood cells. It is unknown whether this composition presents an optimized adaptation to all functions, or a compromise due to conflicting selection pressures. Here, we reconstitute the NO barrier with single and binary combinations of synthetic linear saturated and unsaturated HCs, corresponding to HCs found in beewolves. The results show that pure alkanes as well as 3 : 1 mixtures of alkanes and alkenes resembling the composition of beewolf HCs form efficient protective barriers against NO, indicating that protection can be achieved by different mixtures of HCs. Since in vitro assays with symbiont cultures from different beewolf hosts indicate widespread NO sensitivity, HC-mediated protection from NO is likely important across Philanthini wasps. We conclude that HC-mediated protection of the symbiont from NO does not exert a conflicting selection pressure on the multifunctional HC profile of beewolves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Selina Ingham
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 15, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Engl
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 15, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Kaltenpoth
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 15, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Ingham CS, Engl T, Matarrita-Carranza B, Vogler P, Huettel B, Wielsch N, Svatoš A, Kaltenpoth M. Host hydrocarbons protect symbiont transmission from a radical host defense. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302721120. [PMID: 37487102 PMCID: PMC10400980 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302721120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Symbioses with microbes play a pivotal role in the evolutionary success of insects, and can lead to intimate host-symbiont associations. However, how the host maintains a stable symbiosis with its beneficial partners while keeping antagonistic microbes in check remains incompletely understood. Here, we uncover a mechanism by which a host protects its symbiont from the host's own broad-range antimicrobial defense during transmission. Beewolves, a group of solitary digger wasps (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae), provide their brood cells with symbiotic Streptomyces bacteria that are later transferred to the cocoon and protect the offspring from opportunistic pathogens by producing antibiotics. In the brood cell, however, the symbiont-containing secretion is exposed to a toxic burst of nitric oxide (NO) released by the beewolf egg, which effectively kills antagonistic microorganisms. How the symbiont survives this lethal NO burst remained unknown. Here, we report that upon NO exposure in vitro, the symbionts mount a global stress response, but this is insufficient to ensure survival at brood cell-level NO concentrations. Instead, in vivo bioassays demonstrate that the host's antennal gland secretion (AGS) surrounding the symbionts in the brood cell provides an effective diffusion barrier against NO. This physicochemical protection can be reconstituted in vitro by beewolf hydrocarbon extracts and synthetic hydrocarbons, indicating that the host-derived long-chain alkenes and alkanes in the AGS are responsible for shielding the symbionts from NO. Our results reveal how host adaptations can protect a symbiont from host-generated oxidative and nitrosative stress during transmission, thereby efficiently balancing pathogen defense and mutualism maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Selina Ingham
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz55128, Germany
| | - Tobias Engl
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz55128, Germany
- Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena07745, Germany
| | | | - Paul Vogler
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz55128, Germany
| | - Bruno Huettel
- Max Planck Genome Centre Cologne, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne50829, Germany
| | - Natalie Wielsch
- Research Group Mass Spectrometry/Proteomics, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena07745, Germany
| | - Aleš Svatoš
- Research Group Mass Spectrometry/Proteomics, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena07745, Germany
| | - Martin Kaltenpoth
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz55128, Germany
- Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena07745, Germany
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Kanyile SN, Engl T, Heddi A, Kaltenpoth M. Endosymbiosis allows Sitophilus oryzae to persist in dry conditions. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1199370. [PMID: 37497544 PMCID: PMC10366622 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1199370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects frequently associate with intracellular microbial symbionts (endosymbionts) that enhance their ability to cope with challenging environmental conditions. Endosymbioses with cuticle-enhancing microbes have been reported in several beetle families. However, the ecological relevance of these associations has seldom been demonstrated, particularly in the context of dry environments where high cuticle quality can reduce water loss. Thus, we investigated how cuticle-enhancing symbionts of the rice-weevil, Sitophilus oryzae contribute to desiccation resistance. We exposed symbiotic and symbiont-free (aposymbiotic) beetles to long-term stressful (47% RH) or relaxed (60% RH) humidity conditions and measured population growth. We found that symbiont presence benefits host fitness especially under dry conditions, enabling symbiotic beetles to increase their population size by over 33-fold within 3 months, while aposymbiotic beetles fail to increase in numbers beyond the starting population in the same conditions. To understand the mechanisms underlying this drastic effect, we compared beetle size and body water content and found that endosymbionts confer bigger body size and higher body water content. While chemical analyses revealed no significant differences in composition and quantity of cuticular hydrocarbons after long-term exposure to desiccation stress, symbiotic beetles lost water at a proportionally slower rate than did their aposymbiotic counterparts. We posit that the desiccation resistance and higher fitness observed in symbiotic beetles under dry conditions is due to their symbiont-enhanced thicker cuticle, which provides protection against cuticular transpiration. Thus, we demonstrate that the cuticle enhancing symbiosis of Sitophilus oryzae confers a fitness benefit under drought stress, an ecologically relevant condition for grain pest beetles. This benefit likely extends to many other systems where symbiont-mediated cuticle synthesis has been identified, including taxa spanning beetles and ants that occupy different ecological niches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tobias Engl
- Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Martin Kaltenpoth
- Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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Kiefer JST, Bauer E, Okude G, Fukatsu T, Kaltenpoth M, Engl T. Cuticle supplementation and nitrogen recycling by a dual bacterial symbiosis in a family of xylophagous beetles. ISME J 2023:10.1038/s41396-023-01415-y. [PMID: 37085551 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01415-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Many insects engage in stable nutritional symbioses with bacteria that supplement limiting essential nutrients to their host. While several plant sap-feeding Hemipteran lineages are known to be simultaneously associated with two or more endosymbionts with complementary biosynthetic pathways to synthesize amino acids or vitamins, such co-obligate symbioses have not been functionally characterized in other insect orders. Here, we report on the characterization of a dual co-obligate, bacteriome-localized symbiosis in a family of xylophagous beetles using comparative genomics, fluorescence microscopy, and phylogenetic analyses. Across the beetle family Bostrichidae, most investigated species harbored the Bacteroidota symbiont Shikimatogenerans bostrichidophilus that encodes the shikimate pathway to produce tyrosine precursors in its severely reduced genome, likely supplementing the beetles' cuticle biosynthesis, sclerotisation, and melanisation. One clade of Bostrichid beetles additionally housed the co-obligate symbiont Bostrichicola ureolyticus that is inferred to complement the function of Shikimatogenerans by recycling urea and provisioning the essential amino acid lysine, thereby providing additional benefits on nitrogen-poor diets. Both symbionts represent ancient associations within the Bostrichidae that have subsequently experienced genome erosion and co-speciation with their hosts. While Bostrichicola was repeatedly lost, Shikimatogenerans has been retained throughout the family and exhibits a perfect pattern of co-speciation. Our results reveal that co-obligate symbioses with complementary metabolic capabilities occur beyond the well-known sap-feeding Hemiptera and highlight the importance of symbiont-mediated cuticle supplementation and nitrogen recycling for herbivorous beetles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Simon Thilo Kiefer
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eugen Bauer
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Genta Okude
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, 305-8566, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takema Fukatsu
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, 305-8566, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Martin Kaltenpoth
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias Engl
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
- Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.
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6
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Gui S, Yuval B, Engl T, Lu Y, Cheng D. Protein feeding mediates sex pheromone biosynthesis in an insect. eLife 2023; 12:83469. [PMID: 36656757 PMCID: PMC9908074 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein feeding is critical for male reproductive success in many insect species. However, how protein affects the reproduction remains largely unknown. Using Bactrocera dorsalis as the study model, we investigated how protein feeding regulated sex pheromone synthesis. We show that protein ingestion is essential for sex pheromone synthesis in male. While protein feeding or deprivation did not affect Bacillus abundance, transcriptome analysis revealed that sarcosine dehydrogenase (Sardh) in protein-fed males regulates the biosynthesis of sex pheromones by increasing glycine and threonine (sex pheromone precursors) contents. RNAi-mediated loss-of-function of Sardh decreases glycine, threonine, and sex pheromone contents and results in decreased mating ability in males. The study links male feeding behavior with discrete patterns of gene expression that plays role in sex pheromone synthesis, which in turn translates to successful copulatory behavior of the males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Gui
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Boaz Yuval
- Department of Entomology, Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael
| | - Tobias Engl
- Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany
| | - Yongyue Lu
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Daifeng Cheng
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Kiefer JST, Schmidt G, Krüsemer R, Kaltenpoth M, Engl T. Wolbachia causes cytoplasmic incompatibility but not male-killing in a grain pest beetle. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:6570-6587. [PMID: 36201377 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The endosymbiotic Wolbachia is one of the most common intracellular bacteria known in arthropods and nematodes. Its ability for reproductive manipulation can cause unequal inheritance to male and female offspring, allowing the manipulator to spread, but potentially also impact the evolutionary dynamics of infected hosts. Estimated to be present in up to 66% of insect species, little is known about the phenotypic impact of Wolbachia within the order Coleoptera. Here, we describe the reproductive manipulation by the Wolbachia strain wSur harboured by the sawtoothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Coleoptera, Silvanidae), through a combination of genomics approaches and bioassays. The Wolbachia strain wSur belongs to supergroup B that contains well-described reproductive manipulators of insects and encodes a pair of cytoplasmic incompatibility factor (cif) genes, as well as multiple homologues of the WO-mediated killing (wmk) gene. A phylogenetic comparison with wmk homologues of wMel of Drosophila melanogaster identified 18 wmk copies in wSur, including one that is closely related to the wMel male-killing homologue. However, further analysis of this particular wmk gene revealed an eight-nucleotide deletion leading to a stop-codon and subsequent reading frame shift midsequence, probably rendering it nonfunctional. Concordantly, utilizing a Wolbachia-deprived O. surinamensis population and controlled mating pairs of wSur-infected and noninfected partners, we found no experimental evidence for male-killing. However, a significant ~50% reduction of hatching rates in hybrid crosses of uninfected females with infected males indicates that wSur is causing cytoplasmic incompatibility. Thus, Wolbachia also represents an important determinant of host fitness in Coleoptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian S T Kiefer
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gerrit Schmidt
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ronja Krüsemer
- Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Kaltenpoth
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias Engl
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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Weberruß H, Engl T, Baumgartner L, Mühlbauer F, Shehu N, Oberhoffer-Fritz R. Cardiac Structure and Function in Junior Athletes: A Systematic Review of Echocardiographic Studies. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2022. [DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2304129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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9
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Kanyile SN, Engl T, Kaltenpoth M. Nutritional symbionts enhance structural defence against predation and fungal infection in a grain pest beetle. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:jeb243593. [PMID: 34854911 PMCID: PMC8778805 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Many insects benefit from bacterial symbionts that provide essential nutrients and thereby extend the hosts' adaptive potential and their ability to cope with challenging environments. However, the implications of nutritional symbioses for the hosts' defence against natural enemies remain largely unstudied. Here, we investigated whether the cuticle-enhancing nutritional symbiosis of the saw-toothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis confers protection against predation and fungal infection. We exposed age-defined symbiotic and symbiont-depleted (aposymbiotic) beetles to two antagonists that must actively penetrate the cuticle for a successful attack: wolf spiders (Lycosidae) and the fungal entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana. While young beetles suffered from high predation and fungal infection rates regardless of symbiont presence, symbiotic beetles were able to escape this period of vulnerability and reach high survival probabilities significantly faster than aposymbiotic beetles. To understand the mechanistic basis of these differences, we conducted a time-series analysis of cuticle development in symbiotic and aposymbiotic beetles by measuring cuticular melanisation and thickness. The results reveal that the symbionts accelerate their host's cuticle formation and thereby enable it to quickly reach a cuticle quality threshold that confers structural protection against predation and fungal infection. Considering the widespread occurrence of cuticle enhancement via symbiont-mediated tyrosine supplementation in beetles and other insects, our findings demonstrate how nutritional symbioses can have important ecological implications reaching beyond the immediate nutrient-provisioning benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sthandiwe Nomthandazo Kanyile
- Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias Engl
- Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Kaltenpoth
- Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
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10
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Kiefer JST, Batsukh S, Bauer E, Hirota B, Weiss B, Wierz JC, Fukatsu T, Kaltenpoth M, Engl T. Author Correction: Inhibition of a nutritional endosymbiont by glyphosate abolishes mutualistic benefit on cuticle synthesis in Oryzaephilus surinamensis. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1079. [PMID: 34504301 PMCID: PMC8429642 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02614-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Simon Thilo Kiefer
- Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Suvdanselengee Batsukh
- Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eugen Bauer
- Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bin Hirota
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Benjamin Weiss
- Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,Research Group Insect Symbiosis, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen C Wierz
- Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Takema Fukatsu
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Martin Kaltenpoth
- Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,Research Group Insect Symbiosis, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.,Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias Engl
- Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany. .,Research Group Insect Symbiosis, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany. .,Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.
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11
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Baumgartner L, Weberruß H, Engl T, Schulz T, Oberhoffer-Fritz R. Exercise Training Duration and Intensity Are Associated With Thicker Carotid Intima-Media Thickness but Improved Arterial Elasticity in Active Children and Adolescents. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:618294. [PMID: 34307488 PMCID: PMC8295565 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.618294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though exercise generally has a positive effect on health, intensive exercise can have adverse effects on the vascular system of adults. This study aimed to investigate the association between training duration and intensity and vascular structure and function in 427 physically active children and adolescents (14.0 ± 1.94 years). In this study, we examined carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), carotid diameter, and cIMT:diameter-ratio as parameters of carotid arterial structure and arterial compliance (AC), stiffness index β (β), elastic modulus (Ep), and carotid pulse wave velocity (PWVβ) as parameters of carotid arterial function with high-resolution ultrasound. We collected central systolic blood pressure (cSBP) and aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) as parameters of central arterial stiffness with an oscillometric device. We used the MoMo Physical Activity Questionnaire to record training duration and intensity. Training duration (p = 0.022) and intensity (p = 0.024) were associated with higher cIMT. Further, training duration was associated with lower central arterial stiffness (cSBP: p = 0.001; aPWV: p = 0.033) and improved AC (p < 0.001). Higher training intensity was related to improved AC (p < 0.001) and larger carotid diameter (p = 0.040). Boys presented thicker cIMT (p = 0.010), improved AC (p = 0.006), and lower central arterial stiffness (cSBP: p < 0.001; aPWV: p = 0.016) associated with higher training duration. Girls presented improved AC (p = 0.023) and lower Ep (p = 0.038) but higher β (p = 0.036) associated with higher training duration. Only boys demonstrated thicker cIMT (p = 0.016) and improved AC (p = 0.002) associated with higher training intensity. A quintile analyses of the training duration revealed thicker cIMT of children and adolescents in Q1 and Q5 than that in Q4 and Q5. Besides, Q1 showed lower cSBP compared to Q4 and Q5. Regarding training intensity, Q5 had thicker cIMT than Q2 and Q3. Although a higher training load is associated with thicker cIMT, the common carotid artery is also more elastic. This suggests that a higher training load leads to a functional adaptation of the carotid artery in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Baumgartner
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, TUM Department of Sport and Health Science, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Heidi Weberruß
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, TUM Department of Sport and Health Science, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Engl
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, TUM Department of Sport and Health Science, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schulz
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, TUM Department of Sport and Health Science, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Renate Oberhoffer-Fritz
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, TUM Department of Sport and Health Science, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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12
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Kiefer JST, Batsukh S, Bauer E, Hirota B, Weiss B, Wierz JC, Fukatsu T, Kaltenpoth M, Engl T. Inhibition of a nutritional endosymbiont by glyphosate abolishes mutualistic benefit on cuticle synthesis in Oryzaephilus surinamensis. Commun Biol 2021; 4:554. [PMID: 33976379 PMCID: PMC8113238 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate is widely used as a herbicide, but recent studies begin to reveal its detrimental side effects on animals by targeting the shikimate pathway of associated gut microorganisms. However, its impact on nutritional endosymbionts in insects remains poorly understood. Here, we sequenced the tiny, shikimate pathway encoding symbiont genome of the sawtoothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis. Decreased titers of the aromatic amino acid tyrosine in symbiont-depleted beetles underscore the symbionts' ability to synthesize prephenate as the precursor for host tyrosine synthesis and its importance for cuticle sclerotization and melanization. Glyphosate exposure inhibited symbiont establishment during host development and abolished the mutualistic benefit on cuticle synthesis in adults, which could be partially rescued by dietary tyrosine supplementation. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses indicate that the shikimate pathways of many nutritional endosymbionts likewise contain a glyphosate sensitive 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase. These findings highlight the importance of symbiont-mediated tyrosine supplementation for cuticle biosynthesis in insects, but also paint an alarming scenario regarding the use of glyphosate in light of recent declines in insect populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Simon Thilo Kiefer
- Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Suvdanselengee Batsukh
- Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eugen Bauer
- Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bin Hirota
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Benjamin Weiss
- Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Research Group Insect Symbiosis, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen C Wierz
- Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Takema Fukatsu
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Martin Kaltenpoth
- Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Research Group Insect Symbiosis, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias Engl
- Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
- Research Group Insect Symbiosis, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.
- Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.
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13
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Baumgartner L, Weberruß H, Appel K, Engl T, Goeder D, Oberhoffer-Fritz R, Schulz T. Improved Carotid Elasticity but Altered Central Hemodynamics and Carotid Structure in Young Athletes. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:633873. [PMID: 33791599 PMCID: PMC8005716 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.633873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Young athletes most often exceed the physical activity recommendations of the World Health Organization. Therefore, they are of special interest for investigating cardiovascular adaptions to exercise. This study aimed to examine the arterial structure and function of young athletes 12-17 years old and compare these parameters to reference values of healthy cohorts. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), carotid diameter, cIMT÷carotid diameter-ratio (cIDR), arterial compliance (AC), elastic modulus (Ep), β stiffness index (β), and carotid pulse wave velocity (PWVβ) were determined using ultrasound in 331 young athletes (77 girls; mean age, 14.6 ± 1.30 years). Central systolic blood pressure (cSBP) and aortic PWV (aPWV) were measured using the oscillometric device Mobil-O-Graph. Standard deviation scores (SDS) of all parameters were calculated according to German reference values. The 75th and 90th percentiles were defined as the threshold for elevated cIMT and arterial stiffness, respectively. Activity behavior was assessed with the MoMo physical activity questionnaire, and maximum power output with a standard cardiopulmonary exercise test. One-sample t-tests were performed to investigate the significant deviations in SDS values compared to the value "0". All subjects participated in competitive sports for at least 6 h per week (565.6 ± 206.0 min/week). Of the 331 young athletes, 135 (40.2%) had cIMT >75th percentile, 71 (21.5%) had cSBP >90th percentile, and 94 (28.4%) had aPWV>90th percentile. We observed higher cIMT SDS (p < 0.001), cIDR SDS (p = 0.009), and AC SDS (p < 0.001) but lower β SDS (p < 0.001), Ep SDS (p < 0.001), and PWVβ SDS (p < 0.001) compared to the reference cohort. The cSBP SDS (p < 0.001) and aPWV SDS (p < 0.001) were elevated. In conclusion, cIMT and cIDR were higher in young athletes than in a reference cohort. Furthermore, young athletes presented better carotid elasticity and lower arterial stiffness of the carotid artery. However, central arterial stiffness was higher compared to the reference cohort. The thickening of the carotid intima-media complex in combination with a reduction in arterial stiffness indicates a physiological adaptation to exercise in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Baumgartner
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, TUM Department of Sport and Health Science, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Heidi Weberruß
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, TUM Department of Sport and Health Science, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Appel
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, TUM Department of Sport and Health Science, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Engl
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, TUM Department of Sport and Health Science, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Goeder
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, TUM Department of Sport and Health Science, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Renate Oberhoffer-Fritz
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, TUM Department of Sport and Health Science, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schulz
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, TUM Department of Sport and Health Science, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Engl T, Schmidt THP, Kanyile SN, Klebsch D. Metabolic Cost of a Nutritional Symbiont Manifests in Delayed Reproduction in a Grain Pest Beetle. Insects 2020; 11:insects11100717. [PMID: 33092035 PMCID: PMC7589553 DOI: 10.3390/insects11100717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Animals engage in various symbioses. However, these interactions are not always beneficial for the host; they can also incur costs under certain circumstances. The bacterial symbiont supports, on the one hand, the cuticle formation of the sawtoothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis, which is extremely beneficial under dry conditions as a thicker and more melanized cuticle prevents desiccation of the insect. On the other hand, under higher humidity, the benefit is strongly reduced. In this study, we investigated whether harboring a symbiont can also be a disadvantage. Therefore, we first measured the number of symbionts throughout the beetles’ life and found a strong increase during the end of metamorphosis, just before beetles reach adulthood. Afterwards, males lose the symbionts again, whereas females retain a stable number. A comparison of beetles with and without symbionts revealed no differences in many life history traits. Larval development took the same time and there was also no difference in adult mortality or lifespan or the number of offspring of females. However, females with symbionts started to reproduce significantly later by one to two weeks, meaning they have a disadvantage in comparison to females without symbionts. Thus, harboring a symbiont is beneficial or costly in a context-dependent manner. Abstract Animals engage in a plethora of mutualistic interactions with microorganisms that can confer various benefits to their host but can also incur context-dependent costs. The sawtoothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis harbors nutritional, intracellular Bacteroidetes bacteria that supplement precursors for the cuticle synthesis and thereby enhance desiccation resistance of its host. Experimental elimination of the symbiont impairs cuticle formation and reduces fitness under desiccation stress but does not disrupt the host’s life cycle. For this study, we first demonstrated that symbiont populations showed the strongest growth at the end of metamorphosis and then declined continuously in males, but not in females. The symbiont loss neither impacted the development time until adulthood nor adult mortality or lifespan. Furthermore, lifetime reproduction was not influenced by the symbiont presence. However, symbiotic females started to reproduce almost two weeks later than aposymbiotic ones. Thus, symbiont presence incurs a metabolic and context-dependent fitness cost to females, probably due to a nutrient allocation trade-off between symbiont growth and sexual maturation. The O. surinamensis symbiosis thereby represents an experimentally amenable system to study eco-evolutionary dynamics under variable selection pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Engl
- Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (T.H.P.S.); (S.N.K.); (D.K.)
- Research Group Insect Symbiosis, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Thorsten H. P. Schmidt
- Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (T.H.P.S.); (S.N.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Sthandiwe Nomthandazo Kanyile
- Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (T.H.P.S.); (S.N.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Dagmar Klebsch
- Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (T.H.P.S.); (S.N.K.); (D.K.)
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15
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Engl T, Mandel P, Hoeh B, Preisser F, Wenzel M, Humke C, Welte M, Köllermann J, Wild P, Deuker M, Kluth LA, Roos FC, Chun FKH, Becker A. Impact of "Time-From-Biopsy-to-Prostatectomy" on Adverse Oncological Results in Patients With Intermediate and High-Risk Prostate Cancer. Front Surg 2020; 7:561853. [PMID: 33102515 PMCID: PMC7545071 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2020.561853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Many patients with localized prostate cancer (PCa) do not immediately undergo radical prostatectomy (RP) after biopsy confirmation. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of “time-from-biopsy-to- prostatectomy” on adverse pathological outcomes. Materials and Methods: Between January 2014 and December 2019, 437 patients with intermediate- and high risk PCa who underwent RP were retrospectively identified within our prospective institutional database. For the aim of our study, we focused on patients with intermediate- (n = 285) and high-risk (n = 151) PCa using D'Amico risk stratification. Endpoints were adverse pathological outcomes and proportion of nerve-sparing procedures after RP stratified by “time-from-biopsy-to-prostatectomy”: ≤3 months vs. >3 and < 6 months. Medians and interquartile ranges (IQR) were reported for continuously coded variables. The chi-square test examined the statistical significance of the differences in proportions while the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to examine differences in medians. Multivariable (ordered) logistic regressions, analyzing the impact of time between diagnosis and prostatectomy, were separately run for all relevant outcome variables (ISUP specimen, margin status, pathological stage, pathological nodal status, LVI, perineural invasion, nerve-sparing). Results: We observed no difference between patients undergoing RP ≤3 months vs. >3 and <6 months after diagnosis for the following oncological endpoints: pT-stage, ISUP grading, probability of a positive surgical margin, probability of lymph node invasion (LNI), lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and perineural invasion (pn) in patients with intermediate- and high-risk PCa. Likewise, the rates of nerve sparing procedures were 84.3 vs. 87.4% (p = 0.778) and 61.0% vs. 78.8% (p = 0.211), for intermediate- and high-risk PCa patients undergoing surgery after ≤3 months vs. >3 and <6 months, respectively. In multivariable adjusted analyses, a time to surgery >3 months did not significantly worsen any of the outcome variables in patients with intermediate- or high-risk PCa (all p > 0.05). Conclusion: A “time-from-biopsy-to-prostatectomy” of >3 and <6 months is neither associated with adverse pathological outcomes nor poorer chances of nerve sparing RP in intermediate- and high-risk PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Engl
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Urogate Associates, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Philipp Mandel
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Benedikt Hoeh
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Urogate Associates, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Felix Preisser
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mike Wenzel
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Clara Humke
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maria Welte
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jens Köllermann
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Wild
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marina Deuker
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Luis A Kluth
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frederik C Roos
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Felix K H Chun
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Becker
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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16
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Wenzel M, Humke C, Wicker S, Mani J, Engl T, Hintereder G, Vogl TJ, Wild P, Köllermann J, Rödel C, Asgharie S, Theissen L, Welte M, Kluth LA, Mandel P, Chun FKH, Preisser F, Becker A. [Movember health care initiative 2019: prostate cancer screening at the University Hospital Frankfurt]. Urologe A 2020; 59:1237-1245. [PMID: 32617622 PMCID: PMC7547026 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-020-01265-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hintergrund Männer in Deutschland sterben früher als Frauen und nehmen weniger häufig Krebsvorsorgeuntersuchungen wahr. Fragestellung Ziel war die prospektive Evaluation einer „Movember-Gesundheitsinitiative“ am Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt (UKF) im November 2019. Methoden Im Rahmen der „Movember-Gesundheitsinitiative“ wurde allen männlichen Mitarbeitern des UKF ab dem 45. Lebensjahr und bei erstgradiger familiärer Vorbelastung eines Prostatakarzinoms ab dem 40. Lebensjahr im November 2019 gemäß S3-Leitlinien der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Urologie (DGU) eine Prostatakarzinom-Vorsorgeuntersuchung angeboten. Ergebnisse Insgesamt nahmen 14,4 % der Mitarbeiter teil. Eine familiäre Vorbelastung gaben insgesamt 14,0 % Teilnehmer an. Das mediane Alter betrug 54 Jahre. Der mediane PSA(prostataspezifisches Antigen)-Wert lag bei 0,9 ng/ml, der mediane PSA-Quotient bei 30 %. Bei 5 % (n = 6) zeigte sich ein suspekter Tastbefund in der DRU (digital-rektale Untersuchung). Nach Altersstratifizierung (≤ 50 vs. > 50 Lebensjahre) zeigten sich signifikante Unterschiede im medianen PSA-Wert (0,7 ng/ml vs. 1,0 ng/ml, p < 0,01) und der bereits zuvor durchgeführten urologischen Vorsorge (12,1 vs. 42,0 %, p < 0,01). Vier Teilnehmer (3,3 %) zeigten erhöhte Gesamt-PSA-Werte. Bei 32,2 % der Teilnehmer zeigte sich mindestens ein kontrollbedürftiger Befund. Insgesamt wurden 6 Prostatabiopsien durchgeführt. Hierbei zeigte sich in einem Fall ein intermediate-risk Prostatakarzinom (Gleason 3 + 4, pT3a, pPn1, pNx, R0). Schlussfolgerungung Im Rahmen der UKF-Movember-Gesundheitsinitiative 2019 konnten durch ein Vorsorgeangebot 121 Männer für eine Prostatakrebs-Vorsorge inklusive PSA-Testung gewonnen werden. Auffällige/kontrollbedürftige Befunde zeigten sich bei 32,2 %. Bei einem Mitarbeiter wurde ein therapiebedürftiges Prostatakarzinom entdeckt und therapiert.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wenzel
- Klinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Deutschland
| | - C Humke
- Klinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Deutschland
| | - S Wicker
- Betriebsärztlicher Dienst, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Deutschland
| | - J Mani
- Urogate Praxis, Frankfurt, Deutschland
| | - T Engl
- Urogate Praxis, Frankfurt, Deutschland
| | - G Hintereder
- Zentrallabor, Zentrum der Inneren Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Deutschland
| | - T J Vogl
- Zentrum für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Deutschland
| | - P Wild
- Dr. Senkenbergisches Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Deutschland
| | - J Köllermann
- Dr. Senkenbergisches Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Deutschland
| | - C Rödel
- Klinik für Strahlentherapie und Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Deutschland
| | - S Asgharie
- Klinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Deutschland
| | - L Theissen
- Klinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Deutschland
| | - M Welte
- Klinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Deutschland
| | - L A Kluth
- Klinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Deutschland
| | - P Mandel
- Klinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Deutschland
| | - F K H Chun
- Klinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Deutschland
| | - F Preisser
- Klinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Deutschland.
| | - A Becker
- Klinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Deutschland
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Lemoine MM, Engl T, Kaltenpoth M. Microbial symbionts expanding or constraining abiotic niche space in insects. Curr Opin Insect Sci 2020; 39:14-20. [PMID: 32086000 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In addition to their well-studied contributions to their host's nutrition, digestion, and defense, microbial symbionts of insects are increasingly found to affect their host's response toward abiotic stressors. In particular, symbiotic microbes can reduce or enhance tolerance to temperature extremes, improve desiccation resistance by aiding cuticle biosynthesis and sclerotization, and detoxify heavy metals. As such, individual symbionts or microbial communities can expand or constrain the abiotic niche space of their host and determine its adaptability to fluctuating environments. In light of the increasing impact of humans on climate and environment, a better understanding of host-microbe interactions is necessary to predict how different insect species will respond to changes in abiotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion M Lemoine
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute for Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 15, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Engl
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute for Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 15, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Kaltenpoth
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute for Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 15, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Baumgartner MPHL, Weberruß H, Appel K, Engl T, Oberhoffer-Fritz R, Schulz T. P.60 Improvement in Muscular Strength Within One Year is Associated with Increased Arterial Stiffness in Young Male Soccer Players. Artery Res 2020. [DOI: 10.2991/artres.k.201209.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Abstract
Detrimental microbes caused the evolution of a great diversity of antimicrobial defenses in plants and animals. Insects developing underground seem particularly threatened. Here we show that the eggs of a solitary digger wasp, the European beewolf Philanthus triangulum, emit large amounts of gaseous nitric oxide (NO⋅) to protect themselves and their provisions, paralyzed honeybees, against mold fungi. We provide evidence that a NO-synthase (NOS) is involved in the generation of the extraordinary concentrations of nitrogen radicals in brood cells (~1500 ppm NO⋅ and its oxidation product NO2⋅). Sequencing of the beewolf NOS gene revealed no conspicuous differences to related species. However, due to alternative splicing, the NOS-mRNA in beewolf eggs lacks an exon near the regulatory domain. This preventive external application of high doses of NO⋅ by wasp eggs represents an evolutionary key innovation that adds a remarkable novel facet to the array of functions of the important biological effector NO⋅.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhard Strohm
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Institute of ZoologyUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Gudrun Herzner
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Institute of ZoologyUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Joachim Ruther
- Chemical Ecology Group, Institute of ZoologyUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Martin Kaltenpoth
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Institute of ZoologyUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
- Insect Symbiosis Research GroupMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany
| | - Tobias Engl
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Institute of ZoologyUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
- Insect Symbiosis Research GroupMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany
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20
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Engl T, Michalkova V, Weiss BL, Uzel GD, Takac P, Miller WJ, Abd-Alla AMM, Aksoy S, Kaltenpoth M. Effect of antibiotic treatment and gamma-irradiation on cuticular hydrocarbon profiles and mate choice in tsetse flies (Glossina m. morsitans). BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:145. [PMID: 30470188 PMCID: PMC6251160 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1292-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symbiotic microbes represent a driving force of evolutionary innovation by conferring novel ecological traits to their hosts. Many insects are associated with microbial symbionts that contribute to their host's nutrition, digestion, detoxification, reproduction, immune homeostasis, and defense. In addition, recent studies suggest a microbial involvement in chemical communication and mating behavior, which can ultimately impact reproductive isolation and, hence, speciation. Here we investigated whether a disruption of the microbiota through antibiotic treatment or irradiation affects cuticular hydrocarbon profiles, and possibly mate choice behavior in the tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans morsitans. Four independent experiments that differentially knock down the multiple bacterial symbionts of tsetse flies were conducted by subjecting tsetse flies to ampicillin, tetracycline, or gamma-irradiation and analyzing their cuticular hydrocarbon profiles in comparison to untreated controls by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. In two of the antibiotic experiments, flies were mass-reared, while individual rearing was done for the third experiment to avoid possible chemical cross-contamination between individual flies. RESULTS All three antibiotic experiments yielded significant effects of antibiotic treatment (particularly tetracycline) on cuticular hydrocarbon profiles in both female and male G. m. morsitans, while irradiation itself had no effect on the CHC profiles. Importantly, tetracycline treatment reduced relative amounts of 15,19,23-trimethyl-heptatriacontane, a known compound of the female contact sex pheromone, in two of the three experiments, suggesting a possible implication of microbiota disturbance on mate choice decisions. Concordantly, both female and male flies preferred non-treated over tetracycline-treated flies in direct choice assays. CONCLUSIONS While we cannot exclude the possibility that antibiotic treatment had a directly detrimental effect on fly vigor as we are unable to recolonize antibiotic treated flies with individual symbiont taxa, our results are consistent with an effect of the microbiota, particularly the obligate nutritional endosymbiont Wigglesworthia, on CHC profiles and mate choice behavior. These findings highlight the importance of considering host-microbiota interactions when studying chemical communication and mate choice in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Engl
- Insect Symbiosis Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.
- Department for Evolutionary Ecology, Institute for Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Veronika Michalkova
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Present Address: Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Brian L Weiss
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Güler D Uzel
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food & Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Technology, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Takac
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Wolfgang J Miller
- Laboratories of Genome Dynamics, Department Cell and Developmental Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adly M M Abd-Alla
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food & Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
| | - Serap Aksoy
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Martin Kaltenpoth
- Insect Symbiosis Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.
- Department for Evolutionary Ecology, Institute for Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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21
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Schneider DI, Ehrman L, Engl T, Kaltenpoth M, Hua-Van A, Le Rouzic A, Miller WJ. Symbiont-Driven Male Mating Success in the Neotropical Drosophila paulistorum Superspecies. Behav Genet 2018; 49:83-98. [PMID: 30456532 PMCID: PMC6327003 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-018-9937-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Microbial symbionts are ubiquitous associates of living organisms but their role in mediating reproductive isolation (RI) remains controversial. We addressed this knowledge gap by employing the Drosophila paulistorum-Wolbachia model system. Semispecies in the D. paulistorum species complex exhibit strong RI between each other and knockdown of obligate mutualistic Wolbachia bacteria in female D. paulistorum flies triggers loss of assortative mating behavior against males carrying incompatible Wolbachia strains. Here we set out to determine whether de novo RI can be introduced by Wolbachia-knockdown in D. paulistorum males. We show that Wolbachia-knockdown D. paulistorum males (i) are rejected as mates by wild type females, (ii) express altered sexual pheromone profiles, and (iii) are devoid of the endosymbiont in pheromone producing cells. Our findings suggest that changes in Wolbachia titer and tissue tropism can induce de novo premating isolation by directly or indirectly modulating sexual behavior of their native D. paulistorum hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela I Schneider
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Lee Ehrman
- Natural Sciences, State University of New York, Purchase College, Purchase, NY, USA
| | - Tobias Engl
- Department for Evolutionary Ecology, Institute for Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Kaltenpoth
- Department for Evolutionary Ecology, Institute for Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
| | - Aurélie Hua-Van
- Évolution, Génomes, Comportement, Écologie, CNRS, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Arnaud Le Rouzic
- Évolution, Génomes, Comportement, Écologie, CNRS, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Wolfgang J Miller
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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22
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Engl T, Rutz J, Maxeiner S, Fanguen S, Juengel E, Koschade S, Roos F, Khoder W, Tsaur I, Blaheta RA. Acquired resistance to temsirolimus is associated with integrin α7 driven chemotactic activity of renal cell carcinoma in vitro. Oncotarget 2018; 9:18747-18759. [PMID: 29721158 PMCID: PMC5922352 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of the rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, temsirolimus, has significantly improved the outcome of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, development of temsirolimus-resistance limits its effect and metastatic progression subsequently recurs. Since integrin α7 (ITGA7) is speculated to promote metastasis, this investigation was designed to investigate whether temsirolimus-resistance is associated with altered ITGA7 expression in RCC cell lines and modified tumor cell adhesion and invasion. Caki-1, KTCTL-26, and A498 RCC cell lines were driven to temsirolimus-resistance by exposing them to temsirolimus over a period of 12 months. Subsequently, adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells, to immobilized fibronectin, or collagen was investigated. Chemotaxis was evaluated with a modified Boyden chamber assay and ITGA7 expression by flow cytometry and western blotting. Chemotaxis significantly decreased in temsirolimus-sensitive cell lines upon exposure to low-dosed temsirolimus, but increased in temsirolimus-resistant tumor cells upon reexposure to the same temsirolimus dose. The increase in chemotaxis was accompanied by elevated ITGA7 at the cell surface membrane with simultaneous reduction of intracellular ITGA7. ITGA7 knock-down significantly diminished motility of temsirolimous-sensitive cells but elevated chemotactic activity of temsirolimus-resistant Caki-1 and KTCTL-26 cells. Therefore, ITGA7 appears closely linked to adhesion and migration regulation in RCC cells. It is postulated that temsirolimus-resistance is associated with translocation of ITGA7 from inside the cell to the outer surface. This switch forces RCC migration forward. Whether ITGA7 can serve as an important target in combatting RCC requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Engl
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jochen Rutz
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Sorel Fanguen
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eva Juengel
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Current address: Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Koschade
- Department of Medicine II, Hematology and Oncology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frederik Roos
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Wael Khoder
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Igor Tsaur
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Current address: Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Roman A Blaheta
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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23
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Abstract
Symbiotic microorganisms can influence the fitness of their insect hosts by modulating pheromone production and perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Engl
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Martin Kaltenpoth
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
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24
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Engl T, Eberl N, Gorse C, Krüger T, Schmidt THP, Plarre R, Adler C, Kaltenpoth M. Ancient symbiosis confers desiccation resistance to stored grain pest beetles. Mol Ecol 2017; 27:2095-2108. [PMID: 29117633 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microbial symbionts of insects provide a range of ecological traits to their hosts that are beneficial in the context of biotic interactions. However, little is known about insect symbiont-mediated adaptation to the abiotic environment, for example, temperature and humidity. Here, we report on an ancient clade of intracellular, bacteriome-located Bacteroidetes symbionts that are associated with grain and wood pest beetles of the phylogenetically distant families Silvanidae and Bostrichidae. In the saw-toothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis, we demonstrate that the symbionts affect cuticle thickness, melanization and hydrocarbon profile, enhancing desiccation resistance and thereby strongly improving fitness under dry conditions. Together with earlier observations on symbiont contributions to cuticle biosynthesis in weevils, our findings indicate that convergent acquisitions of bacterial mutualists represented key adaptations enabling diverse pest beetle groups to survive and proliferate under the low ambient humidity that characterizes dry grain storage facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Engl
- Research Group Insect Symbiosis, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Nadia Eberl
- Research Group Insect Symbiosis, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Carla Gorse
- Research Group Insect Symbiosis, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Theresa Krüger
- Research Group Insect Symbiosis, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Thorsten H P Schmidt
- Department for Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rudy Plarre
- Federal Institute for Material Research and Testing, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornel Adler
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Julius-Kühn-Institute, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Kaltenpoth
- Research Group Insect Symbiosis, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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25
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Engl T, Rutz J, Maxeiner S, Juengel E, Roos F, Khoder W, Bechstein WO, Nelson K, Tsaur I, Haferkamp A, Blaheta RA. mTOR inhibition reduces growth and adhesion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7064-7071. [PMID: 28901501 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is typically increased in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A panel of HCC cell lines (HepG2, Hep3B and HuH6) was exposed to various concentrations of the mTOR inhibitors, everolimus and temsirolimus, in order to investigate their effects on cell growth, clonal formation, cell cycle progression, and adhesion and chemotactic migration using MTT and clonal cell growth assays, fluorometric detection of cell cycle phases and a Boyden chamber assay. In addition, integrin α and β adhesion receptors were analyzed by flow cytometry and blocking studies using function blocking monoclonal antibodies were conducted to explore functional relevance. The results demonstrated that everolimus and temsirolimus significantly suppressed HCC cell growth and clonal formation, at 0.1 or 1 nM (depending on the cell line). In addition, the number of cells in G0/G1 phase was increased in response to drug treatment, whereas the number of G2/M phase cells was decreased. Drug treatment also considerably suppressed HCC cell adhesion to immobilized collagen. Integrin profiling revealed strong expression of integrin α1, α2, α6 and β1 subtypes; and integrin α1 was upregulated in response to mTOR inhibition. Suppression of integrin α1 did not affect cell growth; however, it did significantly decrease adhesion and chemotaxis, with the influence on adhesion being greater than that on motility. Due to a positive association between integrin α1 expression and the extent of adhesion, whereby reduced receptor expression was correlated to decreased cell adhesion, it may be hypothesized that the adhesion‑blocking effects of mTOR inhibitors are not associated with mechanical contact inhibition of the α1 receptor but with integrin α1‑dependent suppression of oncogenic signaling, thus preventing tumor cell‑matrix interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Engl
- Department of Urology, Goethe‑University, D‑60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jochen Rutz
- Department of Urology, Goethe‑University, D‑60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sebastian Maxeiner
- Department of Urology, Goethe‑University, D‑60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eva Juengel
- Department of Urology, Goethe‑University, D‑60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frederik Roos
- Department of Urology, Goethe‑University, D‑60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Wael Khoder
- Department of Urology, Goethe‑University, D‑60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Wolf O Bechstein
- Department of Urology, Goethe‑University, D‑60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Karen Nelson
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Goethe‑University, D‑60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Igor Tsaur
- Department of Urology, Goethe‑University, D‑60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Axel Haferkamp
- Department of Urology, Goethe‑University, D‑60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roman A Blaheta
- Department of Urology, Goethe‑University, D‑60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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26
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Engl T, Hallmen S, Beecken WD, Rubenwolf P, Gerharz EW, Vallo S. Impact of vasectomy on the sexual satisfaction of couples: experience from a specialized clinic. Cent European J Urol 2017; 70:275-279. [PMID: 29104791 PMCID: PMC5656365 DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2017.1294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vasectomy is the simplest, safest, and most effective form of definitive fertility control in men [1]. Vasectomy is used for 10% of contraception worldwide but only for 2% in Germany [2]. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of vasectomy on the sexual satisfaction of sterilized men and their partners. Material and methods Vasectomized men and their partners were surveyed by means of the IIEF (International Index for Erectile Function) and the FSFI (Female Sexual Function Index) questionnaires. A total of 294 couples were surveyed; 90 men answered the IIEF, and 74 women answered the FSFI. The results of the questionnaires were compared to a historical comparison group. The men were also surveyed with a not validated questionnaire, which was returned by 95 men. The two-sample t-test for independent samples, the chi-squared test, and the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test were carried out. Results The vasectomized men had significantly better results than the healthy historical comparison group in the IIEF domains of erectile function, orgasm, sexual desire, and intercourse satisfaction. For the female partners of the sterilized men, there were almost no significant differences in any questions of the FSFI in comparison to the control group. A significant difference was observed only in the domain ‘arousal’. Conclusions Vasectomy does not have a negative impact on the sexual satisfaction of the affected couples. In fact, sexual satisfaction improved for the sterilized men, while the satisfaction of the women was not reduced by the vasectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Engl
- UROGATE Associates Frankfurt, in cooperation with Frankfurt University Medical Center, Germany
| | - Sarah Hallmen
- Department of Urology, Frankfurt University Medical Center, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Wolf-D Beecken
- UROGATE Associates Frankfurt, in cooperation with Frankfurt University Medical Center, Germany
| | - Peter Rubenwolf
- UROGATE Associates Frankfurt, in cooperation with Frankfurt University Medical Center, Germany
| | - Elmar-W Gerharz
- UROGATE Associates Frankfurt, in cooperation with Frankfurt University Medical Center, Germany
| | - Stefan Vallo
- Department of Urology, Frankfurt University Medical Center, Frankfurt, Germany
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27
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Vogel H, Shukla SP, Engl T, Weiss B, Fischer R, Steiger S, Heckel DG, Kaltenpoth M, Vilcinskas A. The digestive and defensive basis of carcass utilization by the burying beetle and its microbiota. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15186. [PMID: 28485370 PMCID: PMC5436106 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects that use ephemeral resources must rapidly digest nutrients and simultaneously protect them from competitors. Here we use burying beetles (Nicrophorus vespilloides), which feed their offspring on vertebrate carrion, to investigate the digestive and defensive basis of carrion utilization. We characterize gene expression and microbiota composition in the gut, anal secretions, and on carcasses used by the beetles. We find a strict functional compartmentalization of the gut involving differential expression of immune effectors (antimicrobial peptides and lysozymes), as well as digestive and detoxifying enzymes. A distinct microbial community composed of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and a clade of ascomycetous yeasts (genus Yarrowia) is present in larval and adult guts, and is transmitted to the carcass via anal secretions, where the yeasts express extracellular digestive enzymes and produce antimicrobial compounds. Our results provide evidence of potential metabolic cooperation between the host and its microbiota for digestion, detoxification and defence that extends from the beetle's gut to its nutritional resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Vogel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Shantanu P Shukla
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, D-07745 Jena, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Research Group Insect Symbiosis, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias Engl
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Research Group Insect Symbiosis, D-07745 Jena, Germany.,Department for Evolutionary Ecology, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Benjamin Weiss
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Research Group Insect Symbiosis, D-07745 Jena, Germany.,Department for Evolutionary Ecology, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Rainer Fischer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sandra Steiger
- University of Ulm, Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - David G Heckel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Kaltenpoth
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Research Group Insect Symbiosis, D-07745 Jena, Germany.,Department for Evolutionary Ecology, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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28
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Engl T, Drescher D, Bickeböller R, Grabhorn R. Fatigue, depression, and quality of life in patients with prostatic diseases. Cent European J Urol 2017; 70:44-47. [PMID: 28461987 PMCID: PMC5407337 DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2017.940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fatigue and depression are commonly attributed to malignant and chronic benign diseases. However, these phenomena have been little investigated to date in prostatic diseases. Our aim was to compare fatigue and depression in prostate cancer patients treated with Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) and in patients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) / Benign Prostatic Syndrome. Material and methods 100 patients each with PCa (prostate cancer) and BPS (Benign Prostatic Syndrome) were surveyed using the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI), EORTC-QLQ C30 [1], and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). EORTC-QLQ-C30 was analyzed by the Mann-Whitney-U-Test. Results were analyzed using the MWUT, CST and ST. Results No differences were found between both groups in terms of fatigue (BFI). The prostate cancer group showed a significantly higher impairment in the EORTC-QLQ-C30 role function and fatigue score. We found differences on the BDI in regards to self-criticism with higher mean scores for LUTS patients, whereas loss of energy and loss of sexual interest were more relevant in prostate cancer patients. However, the overall mean score of both groups showed no difference. Conclusions This study compared fatigue, depression, and the quality of life in prostate cancer patients treated with ADT and patients with BPS/LUTS. The two groups do not differ in fatigue and depression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Engl
- Department of Urology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Daniela Drescher
- Department of Urology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ralf Bickeböller
- Department of Urology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ralph Grabhorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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29
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Blaheta RA, Oertl A, Freisleben HJ, Nelson K, Ackermann H, Haferkamp A, Engl T. Detection of early DJ-stent encrustation by sonographic twinkling-artifacts - a pilot study. Cent European J Urol 2017; 70:107-111. [PMID: 28461998 PMCID: PMC5407330 DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2017.912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ureter obstruction caused by a retro-peritoneal tumor is treated by inserting an indwelling ureter splint (DJ-stent). Indwelling duration is limited by cumulative crystalline deposits into the splint, eventually causing the repeated impairment of urine flow. Deciding when a DJ-stent must be replaced is important since belated removal can be accompanied by severe complications. X-ray or conventional sonography do not allow satisfactory evaluation of early incrustation, therefore, the use of sonographic twinkling artifacts (TA) to provide accurate stent surveillance was investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS 26 patients with indwelling ureter splints carrying a high risk of developing tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), which is often accompanied by early splint incrustation, were investigated utilizing TA the day after DJ-stent implantation and weekly thereafter. Serum creatinine, uric acid, and urine pH were measured at all TA exams. RESULTS Early incrustation of the ureter splint was detected by TA in all patients 1-4 weeks after implantation. Incrustation occurred sooner with increased uric acid levels, and high creatinine or acidic urine accelerated early implant incrustation. CONCLUSIONS TA can be used to monitor early crystalline deposits in implanted ureter splints, before they can be detected by conventional sonography or X-ray imaging and before complications occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman A Blaheta
- Department of Urology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,equal author contribution
| | - Anton Oertl
- Urology Unit, Asklepios Health Center, Wiesbaden, Germany.,equal author contribution
| | | | - Karen Nelson
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hanns Ackermann
- Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Axel Haferkamp
- Department of Urology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tobias Engl
- Department of Urology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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30
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Zizzari ZV, Engl T, Lorenz S, van Straalen NM, Ellers J, Groot AT. Love at first sniff: a spermatophore-associated pheromone mediates partner attraction in a collembolan species. Anim Behav 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Schönfelder M, Hofmann H, Schulz T, Engl T, Kemper D, Mayr B, Rautenberg C, Oberhoffer R, Thieme D. Potential detection of low-dose transdermal testosterone administration in blood, urine, and saliva. Drug Test Anal 2016; 8:1186-1196. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Schönfelder
- Chair of Exercise Biology; Technical University of Munich; Germany
- Institute of Pathology; Technical University of Munich; Germany
| | - H. Hofmann
- Chair of Preventive Pediatrics; Technical University of Munich; Germany
| | - T. Schulz
- Chair of Preventive Pediatrics; Technical University of Munich; Germany
| | - T. Engl
- Chair of Preventive Pediatrics; Technical University of Munich; Germany
| | - D. Kemper
- Chair of Preventive Pediatrics; Technical University of Munich; Germany
| | - B. Mayr
- Research Institute of Molecular Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine; Paracelus Medical Private University; Salzburg Austria
| | - C. Rautenberg
- Institute of Doping Analysis und Sports Biochemistry Dresden; Kreischa Germany
| | - R. Oberhoffer
- Chair of Preventive Pediatrics; Technical University of Munich; Germany
| | - D. Thieme
- Institute of Doping Analysis und Sports Biochemistry Dresden; Kreischa Germany
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Meyer M, Thomandl L, Postler T, Engl T, Oberhoffer R, Schulz T. Gesundheitsparameter als Prädiktoren der motorischen Fähigkeiten von Grundschulkindern? Gesundheitswesen 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1586690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Rosenbaum D, Engl T, Nagel A. Effects of a fatiguing long-distance run on plantar loading during barefoot walking and shod running. Footwear Science 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2016.1157103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Thomandl L, Schulz T, Engl T, Oberhoffer R, Postler T. Zusammenhang von ausgewählten Gesundheitsparametern und Ausdauerleistungsfähigkeit im Kindesalter. Gesundheitswesen 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1563288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Mani J, Juengel E, Bartsch G, Filmann N, Ackermann H, Nelson K, Haferkamp A, Engl T, Blaheta RA. Globalization in Urology: A Bibliographical Analysis of Cross-Continent Publication between 2002 and 2012. Urol Int 2015; 95:281-7. [PMID: 26346650 DOI: 10.1159/000438830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asian scientists have now increasingly begun to contribute to globalization; yet it is not clear whether publishing in the field of urology is paralleled by elevated cross-continental scientific publishing. MATERIALS AND METHODS An exemplary bibliometric analysis of urologic journals from 3 different continents was conducted between 2002 and 2012. Based on the ISI Web of Knowledge Journal Citation Reports, 2 urologic journals with similar impact factors (IFs) in 2013 were selected from Europe ('British Journal of Urology International', 'World Journal of Urology'), Asia ('International Journal of Urology', 'Asian Journal of Andrology') and North America ('Urologic Oncology-Seminars and Original Investigations', 'Urology'). The home continent of the journal, the workplace continental affiliation of the last author, article type (clinical, experimental or review) as well as the IF were documented. RESULTS Most authors published their manuscripts in journals from the same continent in which they worked. However, a significant increase in cross-continental publishing was apparent from 2002 to 2012. Asians publishing in North America increased from 17% in 2002 to 35% in 2012. Europeans also increased the number of articles they published in North American journals, while publications from North American authors were shifted towards both European and Asian journals. Experimental and clinical articles showed significant increases in cross-continental publishing, while review publishing showed no significant change. The average IF for authors from all 3 continents increased from 2002 to 2012 (p < 0.001). The largest increase in the IF was found for Asian authors (0.11 per year). CONCLUSIONS Cross-continental publication significantly increased during the period from 2002 to 2012. The impact that the Asian authors have experienced was found to be gradually impacting the North American and European colleagues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Mani
- Department of Urology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Mani J, Juengel E, Arslan I, Bartsch G, Filmann N, Ackermann H, Nelson K, Haferkamp A, Engl T, Blaheta RA. Use of complementary and alternative medicine before and after organ removal due to urologic cancer. Patient Prefer Adherence 2015; 9:1407-12. [PMID: 26491269 PMCID: PMC4599187 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s90061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many patients use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) as primary treatment or symptom relief for a variety of illnesses. This study was designed to investigate the influence of surgical removal of a tumor-bearing urogenital organ on CAM use. METHODS From 2007 to 2011, 350 patients underwent major urological surgery for kidney, prostate, or bladder cancer at the Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany. Data from 172 patients (49%), who returned a questionnaire, were retrospectively evaluated using the hospital information system along with the questionnaire to objectify CAM use 2 years before and after surgery. RESULTS From the 172 patients returning questionnaires, 56 (33%) used CAM before and/or after surgery and 116 (67%) never used CAM. Of the 56 CAM users, 30 (54%) used CAM presurgery and 53 (95%) used CAM postsurgery, indicating a significant change of mind about CAM use. Patients of German nationality used CAM significantly more than patients of other nationalities. Higher educational status (high-school diploma or higher) was a significant factor in favor of CAM use. The most common type of CAM used before/after surgery was an alternative medical system (63/49%), a manipulative and body-based method (50/19%), and a biological-based therapy (37/32%). Information about CAM, either provided by medical professionals or by other sources, was the main reason determining whether patients used CAM or not. CONCLUSION The number of patients using CAM almost doubled after surgical removal of a cancer-bearing organ. Better awareness and understanding of CAM use by medical professionals could improve patient counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Mani
- Department of Urology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Correspondence: Jens Mani, Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Tel +49 69 6301 7109, Fax +49 69 6301 7108, Email
| | - Eva Juengel
- Department of Urology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ilhan Arslan
- Department of Urology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Georg Bartsch
- Department of Urology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Natalie Filmann
- Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hanns Ackermann
- Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Karen Nelson
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Axel Haferkamp
- Department of Urology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tobias Engl
- Department of Urology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roman A Blaheta
- Department of Urology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Abstract
Many organisms team up with symbiotic microbes for defense against predators, parasites, parasitoids, or pathogens. Here we review the known defensive symbioses in animals and the microbial secondary metabolites responsible for providing protection to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura V. Flórez
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology
- Insect Symbiosis Research Group
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
| | - Peter H. W. Biedermann
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology
- Insect Symbiosis Research Group
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
| | - Tobias Engl
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology
- Insect Symbiosis Research Group
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
| | - Martin Kaltenpoth
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology
- Insect Symbiosis Research Group
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
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Heuskin S, Vanderplanck M, Bacquet P, Holveck MJ, Kaltenpoth M, Engl T, Pels C, Taverne CÃ, Lognay G, Nieberding CM. The composition of cuticular compounds indicates body parts, sex and age in the model butterfly Bicyclus anynana (Lepidoptera). Front Ecol Evol 2014. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2014.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Engl T, Kase J, Gubler L, Schmidt TJ. On the Positive Effect of CO during Start/Stop in High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1149/2.0011407eel] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kaltenpoth
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology; Insect Symbiosis Research Group; Hans-Knoell-Str. 8 Jena 07745 Germany
| | - Tobias Engl
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology; Insect Symbiosis Research Group; Hans-Knoell-Str. 8 Jena 07745 Germany
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Juengel E, Beecken WDC, Mundiyanapurath S, Engl T, Jonas D, Blaheta RA. Maspin modulates adhesion of bladder carcinoma cells to vascular endothelium. World J Urol 2010; 28:465-71. [PMID: 20336301 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-010-0539-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Maspin belongs to the serpin family and has been shown to suppress tumor growth and metastasis in several tumor types. The role of maspin in bladder carcinoma has not been fully elucidated, and the object of this study was to investigate whether maspin contributes to bladder tumor adhesion to vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC). METHODS Expression of maspin-coding mRNA was evaluated in a panel of bladder carcinoma cell lines. Maspin distribution in maspin mRNA(high) versus maspin mRNA(low) cells was further analyzed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Adhesion to HUVEC was measured in a coculture model and correlated with the surface-bound maspin. RESULTS Maspin(high) (RT-4, RT-112) cell lines strongly attached to HUVEC, whereas maspin(low) (UMUC-3, MGH-U1) cell lines poorly adhered to HUVEC. Distinct cytoplasmic maspin accumulation and moderate surface-bound maspin was found in RT-4 cells. Blocking maspin surface receptors prevented tumor cell attachment to HUVEC, indicating that surface-bound maspin is responsible for triggering cell adhesion. PMA-triggered elevation of surface-bound maspin was accompanied by an enhanced adhesion capacity of RT-4 cells, compared to controls. Finally, exposing the bladder carcinoma cells to the differentiation-inducing agent valproic acid led to a surface-bound (but not cytoplasmic) maspin decrease, paralleled by a significant reduction in tumor cell binding to HUVEC. CONCLUSION Surface-bound maspin directly controls bladder carcinoma cell adhesion to the vascular wall. Blocking this process may prevent transendothelial migration and tumor cell dissemination. Therefore, therapeutic down-regulation of surface-bound maspin might become an option to prevent tumor spread into distant organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Juengel
- Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Zentrum der Chirurgie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitätsklinik, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Beecken WDC, Engl T, Jonas D, Blaheta RA. Expression of angiogenesis inhibitors in human bladder cancer may explain rapid metastatic progression after radical cystectomy. Int J Mol Med 2009; 23:261-266. [PMID: 19148551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth and progression. It has been demonstrated that the expression of angiogenesis stimulators (e.g. basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor) correlates to tumor progression in various human tumor types. Furthermore, endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors (e.g. angiostatin and endostatin) have been isolated from human tumor models and have been successfully used to treat tumors in mice and humans. In the present study, the expression of angiostatin, endostatin and thrombospondin-1 in four different human bladder cancer cell lines with different tumorigenic potential (MGH-U4, RT-4, RT-112 and UMUC-3) were investigated. A subset of bladder carcinoma patients demonstrates rapid metastatic progression after removal of the primary tumor, although no evidence of metastasis is diagnosed before the surgical procedure. A potential mechanism to explain this phenomenon is suggested. Angiostatin, endostatin and thrombospondin-1 was detected in the conditioned media of four human bladder cancer cell lines using Western blotting. Angiostatin was purified and amino acid sequenced via mass spectrometry. The biological activity of angiostatin was determined by proliferation assays using endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. Tumor characteristics of the four human bladder carcinoma models were investigated in vitro and in vivo. All the bladder carcinoma cell lines employed in this study produced two biologically active variants of the angiostatin molecule (38 and 49 kDa). Endostatin and thrombospondin-1 were only produced by the low malignancy MGH-U4 and RT-4 bladder carcinoma models. This study identified the expression of different antiangiogenic molecules in human bladder carcinoma. The expression of antiangiogenic molecules seems to be a characteristic of low malignancy bladder carcinomas. The sudden lack of expression of antiangiogenic molecules as a consequence of surgical removal of highly malignant bladder carcinomas may explain the rapid metastatic progression of a subset of bladder carcinomas.
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Rosenbaum D, Engl T, Nagel A. FOOT LOADING CHANGES AFTER A FATIGUING RUN. J Biomech 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9290(08)70109-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Raditchev I, Jones J, Juengel E, Engl T, Jonas D, Blaheta R, Wedel S. CXC chemokine mRNA expression as a potential diagnostic tool in prostate cancer. Mol Med Rep 2008. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.1.2.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Wedel SA, Raditchev IN, Jones J, Juengel E, Engl T, Jonas D, Blaheta RA. CXC chemokine mRNA expression as a potential diagnostic tool in prostate cancer. Mol Med Rep 2008; 1:257-262. [PMID: 21479406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro models have suggested that chemokines of the CXC family may regulate prostate cancer cell proliferation and dissemination. In this study, we evaluated the expression of CXC receptors (CXCRs) and CXC ligands (CXCLs) in prostate cancer tissue. CXCL1-16 and CXCR1-6 mRNA were identified by RT-PCR in prostate tumors and adjacent normal tissue specimens. Samples were obtained from 49 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. mRNA expression was semiquantitatively scored and correlated with pretreatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA), the Gleason score, early patient follow-up and Kattan postoperative prediction. CXCL12 mRNA expression level was significantly enhanced, whereas CXCL13 was reduced in prostate tumor compared to adjacent 'normal' tissue. No differences were observed in the CXCR4 mRNA level; however, both CXCR3 and CXCR5 were reduced significantly in the tumor tissue. The difference in CXCL12 and CXCL13 (CXCLΔ) correlated significantly with PSA levels and the Gleason score. Furthermore, CXCLΔ correlated significantly with the Kattan postoperative nomogram. Tumor progression was observed in patients with high CXCLΔ values, but not in those with low values, in early follow-up. The development and progression of prostate cancer was accompanied by alterations of CXC chemokine expression, in particular CXCL12, CXCL13, CXCR3 and CXCR5. Novel treatment options could therefore be targeted at one or several of these proteins. The practicability of CXC chemokines as potential prognostic markers requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen A Wedel
- Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Zentrum der Chirurgie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Jones J, Berkhoff S, Weich E, Engl T, Wedel S, Relja B, Jonas D, ABlaheta R. Transient down-regulation of beta1 integrin subtypes on kidney carcinoma cells is induced by mechanical contact with endothelial cell membranes. J Cell Mol Med 2007; 11:826-38. [PMID: 17760843 PMCID: PMC3823260 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2007.00071.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion molecules of the integrin beta1 family are thought to be involved in the malignant progression renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Still, it is not clear how they contribute to this process. Since the hematogenous phase of tumour dissemination is the rate-limiting step in the metastatic process, we explored beta1 integrin alterations on several RCC cell lines (A498, Caki1, KTC26) before and after contacting vascular endothelium in a tumour-endothelium (HUVEC) co-culture assay. Notably, alpha2, alpha3 and alpha5 integrins became down-regulated immediately after the tumour cells attached to HUVEC, followed by re-expression shortly thereafter. Integrin down-regulation on RCC cells was caused by direct contact with endothelial cells, since the isolated endothelial membrane fragments but not the cell culture supernatant contributed to the observed effects. Integrin loss was accompanied by a reduced focal adhesion kinase (FAK) expression, FAK activity and diminished binding of tumour cells to matrix proteins. Furthermore, intracellular signalling proteins RCC cells were altered in the presence of HUVEC membrane fragments, in particular 14-3-3 epsilon, ERK2, PKCdelta, PKCepsilon and RACK1, which are involved in regulating tumour cell motility. We, therefore, speculate that contact of RCC cells with the vascular endothelium converts integrin-dependent adhesion to integrin-independent cell movement. The process of dynamic integrin regulation may be an important part in tumour cell migration strategy, switching the cells from being adhesive to becoming motile and invasive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Jones
- *Correspondence to: Dr Roman BLAHETA J.W.Goethe-Universitätsklinik Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie Interdisziplinäres Forschungs- und Laborgebäude Chirurgische Forschung, Haus 25, Zi 204, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7 D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Tel.:00 49-69-63 01-71 09 Fax:00 49-69-63 01-71 08 E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Roman ABlaheta
- *Correspondence to: Dr Roman BLAHETA J.W.Goethe-Universitätsklinik Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie Interdisziplinäres Forschungs- und Laborgebäude Chirurgische Forschung, Haus 25, Zi 204, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7 D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Tel.:00 49-69-63 01-71 09 Fax:00 49-69-63 01-71 08 E-mail:
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Jones J, Marian D, Weich E, Engl T, Wedel S, Relja B, Jonas D, Blaheta RA. CXCR4 chemokine receptor engagement modifies integrin dependent adhesion of renal carcinoma cells. Exp Cell Res 2007; 313:4051-65. [PMID: 17706641 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2007] [Revised: 06/22/2007] [Accepted: 07/02/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms leading to renal cell carcinoma (RCC) metastasis are incompletely understood. Although evidence shows that the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12 may regulate tumor dissemination, their role in RCC is not clearly defined. We examined CXCR4 expression and functionality on RCC cell lines, and explored CXCL12-triggered tumor adhesion to human endothelium (HUVEC) or extracellular matrix proteins. Functional CXCR4 was expressed on A498 tumor cells, enabling them to migrate towards a CXCL12 gradient. CXCR4 engagement by CXCL12 induced elevated cell adhesion to HUVEC, to immobilized fibronectin, laminin or collagen. Anti-CXCR4 antibodies or CXCR4 knock down by siRNA applied prior to CXCL12 stimulation impaired CXCL12-triggered tumor adhesion. However, blocking CXCR4 subsequent to CXCL12 stimulation did not. This pointed to an indirect control of tumor cell adhesion by CXCR4. In fact, CXCR4 engagement by CXCL12 also induced alterations of receptors of the integrin family, notably alpha3, alpha5, beta1 and beta3 subunits, and blocking beta1 integrins with a function-blocking antibody prevented CXCL12-induced A498 adhesion. Focal adhesion kinase (total and activated) and integrin-linked kinase significantly increased in CXCL12-treated A498 cells, accompanied by a distinct up-regulation of ERK1/2, JNK and p38 phosphorylation. Therefore, CXCR4 may be crucial in controlling adhesion of A498 cells via cross talking with integrin receptors. These data show that CXCR4 receptors contribute to RCC dissemination and may provide a novel link between CXCR4 chemokine receptor expression and integrin triggered RCC adhesion to the vascular wall and subendothelial matrix components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Jones
- Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Zentrum der Chirurgie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Engl T, Relja B, Marian D, Blumenberg C, Müller I, Beecken WD, Jones J, Ringel EM, Bereiter-Hahn J, Jonas D, Blaheta RA. CXCR4 chemokine receptor mediates prostate tumor cell adhesion through alpha5 and beta3 integrins. Neoplasia 2006; 8:290-301. [PMID: 16756721 PMCID: PMC1600676 DOI: 10.1593/neo.05694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms leading to prostate cancer metastasis are not understood completely. Although there is evidence that the CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR) 4 and its ligand CXCL12 may regulate tumor dissemination, their role in prostate cancer is controversial. We examined CXCR4 expression and functionality, and explored CXCL12-triggered adhesion of prostate tumor cells to human endothelium or to extracellular matrix proteins laminin, collagen, and fibronectin. Although little CXCR4 was expressed on LNCaP and DU-145 prostate tumor cells, CXCR4 was still active, enabling the cells to migrate toward a CXCL12 gradient. CXCL12 induced elevated adhesion to the endothelial cell monolayer and to immobilized fibronectin, laminin, and collagen. Anti-CXCR4 antibodies or CXCR4 knock out significantly impaired CXCL12-triggered tumor cell binding. The effects observed did not depend on CXCR4 surface expression level. Rather, CXCR4-mediated adhesion was established by alpha5 and beta3 integrin subunits and took place in the presence of reduced p38 and p38 phosphorylation. These data show that chemoattractive mechanisms are involved in adhesion processes of prostate cancer cells, and that binding of CXCL12 to its receptor leads to enhanced expression of alpha5 and beta3 integrins. The findings provide a link between chemokine receptor expression and integrin-triggered tumor dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Engl
- Zentrum der Chirurgie, Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Beecken WDC, Engl T, Ringel EM, Camphausen K, Michaelis M, Jonas D, Folkman J, Shing Y, Blaheta RA. An endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis derived from a transitional cell carcinoma: clipped beta2-glycoprotein-I. Ann Surg Oncol 2006; 13:1241-51. [PMID: 16955386 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-006-9009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2005] [Accepted: 12/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive cell carcinoma of the bladder often develops after complete transurethral excision of superficial transitional cell carcinoma. It has been postulated that primary tumors release angiogenesis-blocking proteins which suppress distant metastases. We have identified an endogenous protein which might be responsible for tumor dormancy. METHODS A transitional cell carcinoma cell line was developed (UMUC-3i) which inhibits the growth of a tumor implant at a distant site in SCID mice. Conditioned media of UMUC-3i cultured cells was first pooled and then fractioned, and the capacity of individual components to block endothelial cell growth was tested. The protein fraction responsible for blocking endothelial cell growth was identified by N-terminal amino acid sequencing as well as by mass-spectrometry. The effects of the purified protein in preventing endothelial cell proliferation and tube formation in an in vitro angiogenesis assay was investigated. RESULTS The plasma protein beta(2)-glycoprotein-I (beta(2)gpI) was isolated and identified from conditioned medium of UMUC-3i cultured cells. Based on the in vitro angiogenesis assay, beta(2)gpI strongly inhibited endothelial cell growth and tube formation, whereby the inhibitory activity corresponded to the clipped version of beta(2)gpI (cbeta(2)gpI). Clipping was induced by adding plasmin at a molar ratio 1:15 (plasmin:substrate). Further analysis indicated that cbeta(2)gpI effects were mediated by annexin II surface receptors expressed on endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS cbeta2gpI may be involved in blocking angiogenic processes and bladder cancer progression. In this case, cbeta2gpI may be a promising tool in bladder cancer therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Annexin A2/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/therapy
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Fibrinolysin/metabolism
- Glycoproteins/isolation & purification
- Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunoblotting
- Mass Spectrometry
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control
- Umbilical Veins/cytology
- Umbilical Veins/metabolism
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/blood supply
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/metabolism
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/therapy
- beta 2-Glycoprotein I
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