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Chen MY, He F, Rao WW, Qi Y, Rao SY, Ho TI, Su Z, Cheung T, Smith RD, Ng CH, Zheng Y, Xiang YT. The network structures of mental and behavioral problems among children and adolescents in China using propensity score matching: A comparison between one-child and multi-child families based on a nationwide survey. J Affect Disord 2024:S0165-0327(24)00864-4. [PMID: 38797390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exploring networks of mental and behavioral problems in children and adolescents may identify differences between one-child and multi-child families. This study compared the network structures of mental and behavioral problems in children and adolescents in one-child families versus multi-child families based on a nationwide survey. METHODS Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to match children and adolescents from one-child families with those from multi-child families. Mental and behavioral problems were assessed using the Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) with eight syndrome subscales. In the network analysis, strength centrality index was used to estimate central symptoms, and case-dropping bootstrap method was used to assess network stability. RESULTS The study included 39,648 children and adolescents (19,824 from one-child families and 19,824 from multi-child families). Children and adolescents from multi-child families exhibited different network structure and higher global strength compared to those from one-child families. In one-child families, the most central symptoms were "Social problems", "Anxious/depressed" and "Withdrawn/depressed", while in multi-child families, the most central symptoms were "Social problems", "Rule-breaking behavior" and "Anxious/depressed". CONCLUSION Differences in mental and behavioral problems among children and adolescents between one-child and multi-child families were found. To address these problems, interventions targeting "Social problems" and "Anxious/depressed" symptoms should be developed for children and adolescents in both one-child and multi-child families, while other interventions targeting "Withdrawn/depressed" and "Rule-breaking behavior" symptoms could be useful for those in one-child and multi-child families, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yi Chen
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Fan He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Wang Rao
- Department of Preventive Medicine,Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guandong province, China
| | - Yanjie Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Ying Rao
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Tin-Ian Ho
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Zhaohui Su
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Robert D Smith
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Chee H Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Melbourne Clinic and St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Richmond, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Yi Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao.
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Petropoulos A, Anesiadou S, Michou M, Lymperatou A, Roma E, Chrousos G, Pervanidou P. Functional Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Children with Autism and ADHD: Profiles of Hair and Salivary Cortisol, Serum Leptin Concentrations and Externalizing/Internalizing Problems. Nutrients 2024; 16:1538. [PMID: 38794776 PMCID: PMC11124526 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (FGIDs) present a higher prevalence in individuals with Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDDs). The Stress System and the Gut-Brain axis (GBA) may mediate these relations. We aimed to assess the prevalence and profile of FGIDs in a clinical sample of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) compared to typically developing children (TD) as well as to investigate possible relations between stress-related biomarkers and internalizing/externalizing problems in children with NDDS. METHODS In total, 120 children, aged between 4 and 12 years old, formed three groups (N = 40, each): ADHD, ASD and TD. Salivary cortisol, hair cortisol and serum leptin were measured. RESULTS The ASD group had more FGID problems than the TD group (p = 0.001). The ADHD and ASD groups had higher total internalizing/externalizing problems than the TD group (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p = 0.005, respectively). Children with FGIDs showed more total, internalizing and externalizing problems compared to children without FGIDs (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p = 0.041, respectively). The ADHD group showed lower AUCg values (p < 0.0001), while the hair cortisol was higher for the TD group (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION In conclusion, children with NDDs had more FGID symptoms and present higher internalizing and externalizing problems. Children with ADHD and FGIDs had more internalizing problems compared to those without FGIDs. No differences in stress-related biomarkers were shown to differentiate children with NDDs with and without FGIDs. Future prospective studies including a greater number of children may elucidate the biological pathways linking these comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Petropoulos
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (S.A.); (A.L.)
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Sophia Anesiadou
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (S.A.); (A.L.)
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Maria Michou
- Human Ecology Laboratory, Department of Home Economics and Ecology, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece;
| | - Aikaterini Lymperatou
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (S.A.); (A.L.)
- Postgraduate Program “The Science of Stress and Stress Promotion”, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Roma
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.R.); (G.C.)
| | - George Chrousos
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Panagiota Pervanidou
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (S.A.); (A.L.)
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.R.); (G.C.)
- Postgraduate Program “The Science of Stress and Stress Promotion”, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
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3
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Wilson K, Batool K, Duan TY, Cameron CA, Lee K. Cheating in childhood: Exploring the link between parental reports of problem behaviors and dishonesty on simulated academic tests. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 244:105948. [PMID: 38754332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between parental reports of children's behavioral problems and their cheating behaviors on simulated academic tests, addressing a significant gap in understanding early childhood academic cheating and its potential links to broader behavioral issues. We hypothesized that children's early problem behaviors would be predictive of their academic cheating. To test these hypotheses, children aged 4 to 12 years took part in six unmonitored academic tests that measured their cheating behaviors while their parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire elsewhere. Separate hierarchical linear regressions revealed that children's problem behaviors, as reported by parents, overall significantly predict children's cheating behaviors even after accounting for demographic variables such as age, gender, ethnicity, and parental religiosity. Specifically, the Conduct Problems subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire showed a significant and unique association with children's cheating behaviors above and beyond the common contributions of all predictors. However, the Child Behavior Checklist scores and the scores on the other Strengths and Difficulties subscales were not significantly or uniquely related to cheating. These findings offer new insight into simulated childhood academic cheating and its relation to problem behaviors observed by parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Wilson
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
| | - Kanza Batool
- Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1V6, Canada.
| | - Tz-Yu Duan
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Catherine Ann Cameron
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Kang Lee
- Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1V6, Canada.
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O’Hara KL, Cummings EM, Davies PT. Interparental conflict and adolescent emotional security across family structures. FAMILY PROCESS 2024; 63:265-283. [PMID: 36929144 PMCID: PMC10504417 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether interparental conflict was differentially related to forms of emotional security (i.e., family, interparental, parent-child) and whether forms of emotional security were differentially associated with mental health problems for adolescents in married versus divorced/separated families. Participants were 1032 adolescents (ages 10-15; 51% male, 49% female; 82% non-Hispanic White, 9% Black/African American, 5% Hispanic, 2% Asian or Pacific Islander, 2% Native American) recruited from a public school in a middle-class suburb of a United States metropolitan area. We used multiple group multivariate path analysis to assess (1) associations between interparental conflict and multiple measures of emotional insecurity (i.e., family, interparental, and parent-child), (2) associations between measures of emotional insecurity and internalizing and externalizing problems, and (3) moderation effects of parent-child relationships. The patterns of association were similar across family structures. A high-quality parent-child relationship did not mitigate the harmful effects of interparental conflict on emotional insecurity or mental health problems. Findings suggest that regardless of family structure, emotional security across multiple family systems may be a critical target for intervention to prevent youth mental health problems, in addition to interventions that reduce conflict and improve parent-child relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karey L. O’Hara
- REACH Institute, Department of Psychology, Arizona State University
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MacNeily AE, Afshar K, Hogues V, Kim S, Noparast M, Westwell-Roper C, Stewart SE. Prevalence of previously undiagnosed psychiatric symptom groupings in pediatric patients with bladder and bowel dysfunction. J Pediatr Urol 2024; 20:17.e1-17.e6. [PMID: 37858512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE The incidence of concomitant psychiatric disorders in conjunction with bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD) is thought to be higher than the general population. The identification of these disorders with validated tools followed by management may improve urological outcomes. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of undiagnosed psychiatric symptom groupings in children presenting with BBD. METHODS Consecutive patients 6-18 yrs with a clinical diagnosis of BBD, a score ≥11 on the Vancouver Symptom Score (VSS) and no prior psychiatric diagnoses were recruited. Two validated questionnaires (Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 6-18 (CBCL) and Autism Spectrum Quotient 10 (AQ-10)) were used to screen for psychiatric comorbidities. Descriptive statistics for demographic variables were presented. Distribution of VSS for normal & abnormal categories (borderline/clinical) of CBCL scores were compared by Mann-Whitney U test. Spearman correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship between VSS domain scores and CBCL. RESULTS From Sept 2017-May 2022, 50 (17 male) of 110 eligible patients completed the study. Median VSS was 18 (11-33), indicating significant BBD. In 36 patients (72 %), at least one of the CBCL subscales scored as borderline/clinical. Thirty-two patients (64 %) scored in the abnormal range for Internalizing symptoms, 21 (42 %) for Externalizing symptoms, and 31 (62 %) for Total problem scores. Four patients of 48(8 %) scored ≥6 on the AQ-10. The only significant correlation found between CBCL and VSS sub scores was with the Bowel Habit Domain of VSS and Internalizing CBCL T-scores (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION This study identified a high prevalence of previously undiagnosed psychiatric symptom groupings in patients presenting with BBD, with a higher prevalence of internalizing and externalizing symptoms and autism traits than reported in the general population. These findings should encourage urologists to use validated tools to screen for psychiatric comorbidities with referral for further assessment as appropriate. This may prevent unnecessary urological testing, save valuable health resources and potentially improve treatment outcomes of BBD in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E MacNeily
- Division of Pediatric Urology, BC Children's Hospital. UBC Department of Urologic Sciences. 4480 Oak St, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3V4, Canada.
| | - Kourosh Afshar
- Division of Pediatric Urology, BC Children's Hospital. UBC Department of Urologic Sciences. 4480 Oak St, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3V4, Canada.
| | - Valerie Hogues
- Division of Pediatric Urology, BC Children's Hospital. UBC Department of Urologic Sciences. 4480 Oak St, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3V4, Canada.
| | - Soojin Kim
- Division of Pediatric Urology, BC Children's Hospital. UBC Department of Urologic Sciences. 4480 Oak St, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3V4, Canada.
| | - Maryam Noparast
- Division of Pediatric Urology, BC Children's Hospital. UBC Department of Urologic Sciences. 4480 Oak St, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3V4, Canada.
| | - Clara Westwell-Roper
- Division of Pediatric Psychiatry, BC Children's Hospital. UBC Department of Psychiatry. 4480 Oak St, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6H 3V4.
| | - S Evelyn Stewart
- Division of Pediatric Psychiatry, BC Children's Hospital. UBC Department of Psychiatry. 4480 Oak St, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6H 3V4.
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6
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Thomas HR, Sirsikar A, Eigsti IM. Brief Report: Convergence and Discrepancy Between Self- and Informant-Reported Depressive Symptoms in Young Autistic Adults. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-023-06230-0. [PMID: 38231383 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-06230-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Autistic individuals exhibit elevated rates of depression; however, assessment is complicated by clinical presentations and limited validation in this population. Recent work has demonstrated the utility of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) in screening for depression in ASD. The current study extends this work by examining the convergence and divergence of self- and informant-reported depression in autistic (n = 258) and non-autistic (n = 255) young adults. METHODS Participants completed the BDI-II as a self-report measure of depression; informants completed the Achenbach Adult Behavior Checklist. Analyses probed for between-group differences in rates of depression symptoms, convergence between self- and informant-reported depression, and discrepancy between self- and informant-reported depression. RESULTS Results indicated significantly higher rates of depressive symptoms in the autistic group. Convergence was significant in both groups, with significantly greater agreement in the autistic group. There was differential divergence, with the autistic group reporting significantly lower scores relative to informants, and the non-autistic group reporting significantly higher scores relative to informants. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with prior reports, results suggest that depression rates are elevated in autism. Additionally, while the BDI-II may be adequate for screening depressive symptoms in speaking autistic young adults, eliciting information from a close adult informant provides valuable diagnostic information, due to clinically critical concerns about underreporting in this population. Although controlled in analyses, between-group differences in gender, age, race, and informant identity, and a predominantly White and non-Latinx sample, limit the generalizability of these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Thomas
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Aditi Sirsikar
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Inge-Marie Eigsti
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
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Bista S, Tait RJ, Straker LM, Lin A, Steinbeck K, Graham PL, Kang M, Lymer S, Robinson M, Marino JL, Skinner SR. Joint developmental trajectories of internalizing and externalizing problems from mid-childhood to late adolescence and childhood risk factors: Findings from a prospective pre-birth cohort. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38174409 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423001505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
There is limited evidence on heterogenous co-developmental trajectories of internalizing (INT) and externalizing (EXT) problems from childhood to adolescence and predictors of these joint trajectories. We utilized longitudinal data from Raine Study participants (n = 2393) to identify these joint trajectories from 5 to 17 years using parallel-process latent class growth analysis and analyze childhood individual and family risk factors predicting these joint trajectories using multinomial logistic regression. Five trajectory classes were identified: Low-problems (Low-INT/Low-EXT, 29%), Moderate Externalizing (Moderate-EXT/Low-INT, 26.5%), Primary Internalizing (Moderate High-INT/Low-EXT, 17.5%), Co-occurring (High-INT/High-EXT, 17%), High Co-occurring (Very High-EXT/High-INT, 10%). Children classified in Co-occurring and High Co-occurring trajectories (27% of the sample) exhibited clinically meaningful co-occurring problem behaviors and experienced more adverse childhood risk-factors than other three trajectories. Compared with Low-problems: parental marital problems, low family income, and absent father predicted Co-occurring and High Co-occurring trajectories; maternal mental health problems commonly predicted Primary Internalizing, Co-occurring, and High Co-occurring trajectories; male sex and parental tobacco-smoking uniquely predicted High Co-occurring membership; other substance smoking uniquely predicted Co-occurring membership; speech difficulty uniquely predicted Primary Internalizing membership; child's temper-tantrums predicted all four trajectories, with increased odds ratios for High Co-occurring (OR = 8.95) and Co-occurring (OR = 6.07). Finding two co-occurring trajectories emphasizes the importance of early childhood interventions addressing comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Bista
- Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert J Tait
- National Drug Research Institute & enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Leon M Straker
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Lin
- The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Katharine Steinbeck
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Petra L Graham
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Melissa Kang
- General Practice Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sharyn Lymer
- Biostatistics Consultant, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Monique Robinson
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Marino
- Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - S Rachel Skinner
- Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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Epifani F, Pujol Serra SM, Llorens M, Balcells S, Nolasco G, Bolasell M, Aguilera-Albesa S, Cancho Candela R, Cuevas Cervera JL, García Sánchez V, Garcia O, Miranda-Herrero MC, Moreno-Lozano PJ, Robles B, Roldán Aparicio S, Velázquez Fragua R, Serrano M. Untangling adaptive functioning of PMM2-CDG across age and its impact on parental stress: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22783. [PMID: 38129426 PMCID: PMC10739927 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49518-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphomannomutase deficiency (PMM2-CDG) leads to cerebellar atrophy with ataxia, dysmetria, and intellectual deficits. Despite advances in therapy, the cognitive and adaptive profile remains unknown. Our study explores the adaptive profile of 37 PMM2-CDG patients, examining its association with parental stress and medical characteristics. Assessment tools included ICARS for the cerebellar syndrome and NPCRS for global disease severity. Behavioral and adaptive evaluation consisted of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale and the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales. Psychopathological screening involved the Child Behavior Checklist and the Symptom Check-List-90-R. Parental stress was evaluated using Parental Stress Index. Results were correlated with clinical features. No significant age or sex differences were found. 'Daily living skills' were notably affected. Patients severely affected exhibited lower adaptive skill values, as did those with lipodystrophy and inverted nipples. Greater severity in motor cerebellar syndrome, behavioral disturbances and the presence of comorbidities such as hyperactivity, autistic features and moderate-to-severe intellectual disability correlated with greater parental stress. Our study found no decline in adaptive abilities. We provide tools to assess adaptive deficits in PMM2-CDG patients, emphasizing the importance of addressing communication, daily living skills, and autonomy, and their impact on parental stress in clinical monitoring and future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Epifani
- Neuropediatric Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Marta Llorens
- Pediatric Mental Health Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sol Balcells
- Department of Statistics, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gregorio Nolasco
- Neuropediatric Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Bolasell
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine IPER, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ramon Cancho Candela
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | | | - Oscar Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Salud, Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Pedro J Moreno-Lozano
- Internal Medicine Department, Muscular and Inherited Metabolic Disorders Adults Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernabé Robles
- Neurology Department, Hospital de Sant Boi, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi, Spain
| | | | | | - Mercedes Serrano
- Neuropediatric Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.
- U-703 Centre for Biomedical Research On Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, Esplugues, 08950, Barcelona, Spain.
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Wong TKY, Colasante T, Malti T. A longitudinal examination of school-related and mental health mediators linking emotion regulation to academic achievement. J Sch Psychol 2023; 101:101253. [PMID: 37951666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2023.101253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Emotion regulation is assumed to underlie academic achievement through different mechanisms (e.g., a positive orientation toward school and schoolwork, better mental health). However, few studies have contrasted these mediating mechanisms within a longitudinal analytic framework, which is necessary to determine which mechanism(s) are most likely to translate emotion regulation into academic success over time. The present study addressed this gap by examining whether children's emotion regulation capacities were associated with later academic achievement through school-related (i.e., school bonding and academic motivation) and mental health mediators (i.e., internalizing and externalizing symptoms). Participants included 300 4- and 8-year-old children (n = 150 in each age cohort; 50% female) and their caregivers from Canada. Measures were collected over 4 years. Path analyses indicated that higher emotion regulation (T1; age 4/8 years) was associated with better academic achievement 3 years later (T4; age 7/11 years) through stronger school bonding and lower internalizing symptoms in the interim (T2; age 5/9 years; the indirect effect through internalizing symptoms held after controlling for initial levels of internalizing symptoms). Significant effects were derived from both caregiver and child informants when applicable and indirect effects held across age cohorts and genders. Findings highlight the interplay of social-emotional, academic, and mental health development across childhood, as well as the potential benefits of extending academic interventions to the social-emotional and mental health domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy K Y Wong
- Centre for Child Development, Mental Health, and Policy, and Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Tyler Colasante
- Centre for Child Development, Mental Health, and Policy, and Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Tina Malti
- Centre for Child Development, Mental Health, and Policy, and Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Canada
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Ravi S, Catalina Camacho M, Fleming B, Scudder MR, Humphreys KL. Concurrent and prospective associations between infant frontoparietal and default mode network connectivity and negative affectivity. Biol Psychol 2023; 184:108717. [PMID: 37924936 PMCID: PMC10762930 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Emotion dysregulation is linked to differences in frontoparietal (FPN) and default mode (DMN) brain network functioning. These differences may be identifiable early in development. Temperamental negative affectivity has been identified as a precursor to later emotion dysregulation, though the underlying neurodevelopmental mechanism is unknown. The present study explores concurrent and prospective associations between FPN and DMN connectivity in infants and measures of negative affectivity. 72 infants underwent 5.03-13.28 min of resting state fMRI during natural sleep (M±SD age=4.90 ± 0.84 weeks; 54% male; usable data=9.92 ± 2.15 min). FPN and DMN intra- and internetwork connectivity were computed using adult network assignments. Crying was obtained from both parent-report and day-long audio recordings. Temperamental negative affectivity was obtained from a parent-report questionnaire. In this preregistered study, based on analyses conducted with a subset of this data (N = 32), we hypothesized that greater functional connectivity within and between FPN and DMN would be associated with greater negative affectivity. In the full sample we did not find support for these hypotheses. Instead, greater DMN intranetwork connectivity at age one month was associated with lower concurrent parent-reported crying and temperamental negative affectivity at age six months (ßs>-0.35, ps<.025), but not crying at age six months. DMN intranetwork connectivity was also negatively associated with internalizing symptoms at age eighteen-months (ß=-0.58, p = .012). FPN intra- and internetwork connectivity was not associated with negative affectivity measures after accounting for covariates. This work furthers a neurodevelopmental model of emotion dysregulation by suggesting that infant functional connectivity at rest is associated with later emotional functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Ravi
- Vanderbilt University, 230 Appleton Place, #552, Nashville, TN 37204, USA.
| | - M Catalina Camacho
- Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1125, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Brooke Fleming
- Vanderbilt University, 230 Appleton Place, #552, Nashville, TN 37204, USA
| | - Michael R Scudder
- Vanderbilt University, 230 Appleton Place, #552, Nashville, TN 37204, USA
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11
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Marks KP, Pouwer F, Jensen MB, Ibfelt EH, Kristensen LJ, Thastum M, Birkebæk NH. Responses to the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire predict HbA1c trajectories in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a population-based study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2023; 11:e003479. [PMID: 37914346 PMCID: PMC10626890 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2023-003479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to determine whether caregiver responses to the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) are predictive of HbA1c trajectory membership in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, when adjusting for covariates. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS For a Danish 2009 national cohort of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, we analyzed yearly HbA1c follow-up data during 2010-2020 including sociodemographic data from Danish national registries. Using group-based trajectory modeling and multinomial logistic regression, we tested whether caregiver SDQ scores predicted HbA1c trajectory membership when adjusting for sex, age at diabetes diagnosis, diabetes duration, family structure, and caregiver education. RESULTS In total, 835 children and adolescents (52% females) with a mean (SD) age of 12.5 (3.3) years, and a mean diabetes duration of 5.2 (3.1) years, were included. Based on 7247 HbA1c observations, four HbA1c trajectories were identified: (1) 'on target, gradual decrease' (26%), (2) 'above target, mild increase then decrease' (41%), (3) 'above target, moderate increase then decrease' (24%), and (4) 'well above target, large increase then decrease' (9%). Higher SDQ total difficulties scores predicted trajectories 3 and 4 (p=0.0002 and p<0.0001, respectively). Regarding the SDQ subscale scores, emotional symptoms predicted trajectories 3 and 4, and conduct problems and hyperactivity/inattention predicted trajectories 2, 3, and 4. Single-parent family and low caregiver education level both predicted trajectories 3 and 4. CONCLUSIONS Caregiver SDQ responses and sociodemographic information may help detect children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, who need intensive multidisciplinary medical and psychological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Marks
- Department of Clinical Medicine - Paediatrics, Aarhus Universitet, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Frans Pouwer
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Else H Ibfelt
- Danish Clinical Quality Program-National Clinical Registries (RKKP), Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, The Capital Region, Denmark
| | - Lene J Kristensen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mikael Thastum
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Psychological Treatment of Children and Adolescents, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels H Birkebæk
- Department of Clinical Medicine - Paediatrics, Aarhus Universitet, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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12
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Guzys A, Reid SM, Bolch C, Reddihough DS, Teoh M, Palma-Dias R, Fung A, Cole S, Hodges R, Fahey M, Walker SP. Developmental outcomes for survivors of placental laser photocoagulation for the management of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:699. [PMID: 37770827 PMCID: PMC10540356 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05997-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetoscopic laser coagulation of placental anastomoses reverses the pathological process in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, thereby increasing survival, but there are a paucity of studies addressing long-term neurodevelopmental outcome of survivors. This study aimed to ascertain the presence of neurodevelopmental disabilities in child survivors of monochorionic pregnancies managed by placental laser photocoagulation in the Australian state of Victoria. METHODS All pregnancies undergoing placental laser photocoagulation with the Victorian Fetal Therapy Service between 2006-2017 were included. Information on each surviving child, including demographics, perinatal course, and developmental progress was collected from parents, and consent was sought to complete the Child Behaviour Checklist. Interviewers evaluated whether this information was consistent with a diagnosis of any of 14 neurodevelopmental conditions. A three-tiered outcome measure was allocated for each child: (1) unimpaired or developmentally normal, (2) mild or moderate neurological impairment, or (3) severe neurological impairment. Clinical predictors for adverse outcome were identified. RESULTS Of 116 pregnancies (113 twin, 3 triplet), 96 (83%) resulted in 1 + surviving fetuses. 57/113 (50%) twin pregnancies resulted in 2 survivors, 36 (32%) in 1 survivor, and 20 (18%) in no survivors. Of the 235 fetuses, 154 (65.5%) survived to follow-up. Survival increased from 59% in 2006-2008 to 73% in 2015-2017. 90/154 (58%) survivors were followed up at a mean age of 7.5 [SD 3.0] years. Based on parental interview and Child Behaviour Checklist data, 28/90 (31%) participants were assessed as having neurodevelopmental impairment, 27 of mild-moderate severity and 1 severe. Speech/language disorders, attention deficit (hyperactivity) disorders, and fine motor impairment were most common. Neonatal length of stay conferred the highest risk of impairment. CONCLUSION Substantial variation exists between fetal therapy services in the type and length of neonatal follow-up following fetoscopic laser coagulation, contributing to a lack of data on long-term outcomes. The findings from this study support increasingly urgent calls to undertake systematic and sustained follow-up of fetoscopic laser coagulation survivors until school age. Information from this study may assist parents in their decision-making when offered fetal surgery. Importantly, it highlights a group for targeted surveillance and early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Guzys
- Neurodisability and Rehabilitation, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susan M Reid
- Neurodisability and Rehabilitation, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Neurodevelopment and Disability, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christie Bolch
- Neurodisability and Rehabilitation, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dinah S Reddihough
- Neurodisability and Rehabilitation, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Neurodevelopment and Disability, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark Teoh
- Fetal Diagnostics Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Victorian Fetal Therapy Service, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ricardo Palma-Dias
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Ultrasound Services, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alison Fung
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen Cole
- Division of Maternity Services, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ryan Hodges
- Women's and Newborn Program, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Fahey
- Paediatric Neurology Unit, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susan P Walker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Melbourne, Australia.
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Penner-Goeke L, Belows M, Kristjanson A, Andrade BF, Cameron EE, Giuliano R, Katz LY, Kelly LE, Letourneau N, Mota N, Reynolds K, Zalewski M, Pharazyn A, Roos LE. Protocol for a randomized control trial of the Building Regulation in Dual Generations Program (BRIDGE): preventing the intergenerational transmission of mental illness in at-risk preschool children. Trials 2023; 24:597. [PMID: 37726821 PMCID: PMC10507827 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07591-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the worldwide prevalence of maternal depression has risen sharply; it is now estimated that one quarter of mothers experience clinically significant depression symptoms. Exposure to maternal depression during early childhood increases the risk for the development of childhood mental illness (MI) in offspring, with altered parenting practices mediating the association between maternal depression and child outcomes. Dual-generation interventions, which aim to simultaneously treat parent and child mental health, show promise for improving outcomes for mothers with depression and their young children. The Building Regulation in Dual Generations (BRIDGE) program combines Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) and parenting skills training to concurrently treat maternal depression and improve parenting practices. In pilot within-group studies, BRIDGE has led to large reductions in maternal depression and child MI symptoms. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the efficacy of BRIDGE in reducing maternal depression and child MI symptoms (primary outcomes) as well as parenting stress and harsh parenting (secondary outcomes). METHODS A three-armed randomized control trial with equal group sizes will be conducted to compare the efficacy of (1) BRIDGE (DBT + parenting skills), (2) DBT skills training, and (3) services-as-usual. Participants (n = 180) will be mothers of 3- to 5-year-old children who report elevated depression symptoms. Those randomized to BRIDGE or DBT skills training will complete a 16-week group therapy intervention. Assessments will be administered at pre-intervention(T1) post-intervention (T2), and 6-month follow-up (T3). DISCUSSION Dual-generation programs offer an innovative approach to prevent the intergenerational transmission of mental illness. The current study will add to the evidence base for BRIDGE by comparing it to a stand-alone mental health intervention and a services-as-usual group. These comparisons will provide valuable information on the relative efficacy of including parenting support in a mental health intervention for parents. The results will contribute to our understanding of how maternal depression affects children's development and how intervening at both a mental health and parenting level may affect child and family outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION Name of registry: Clinical Trials Protocol Registration and Results System; trial registration number: NCT05959538; date of registry: July 24, 2023; available: https://classic. CLINICALTRIALS gov/ct2/show/NCT05959538.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Brendan F Andrade
- McCain Centre for Child Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Lauren E Kelly
- Depts of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Leslie E Roos
- University of Manitoba, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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14
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Milgrom J, Hirshler Y, Holt C, Skouteris H, Galbally M, East C, Glover V, Reece J, O'Donnell KJ, Walker SP, Malloy S, Gemmill AW. Early intervention to prevent adverse child emotional and behavioural development following maternal depression in pregnancy: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:222. [PMID: 37542332 PMCID: PMC10401817 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01244-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substantial evidence indicates that maternal depression during pregnancy (i.e., antenatal depression) is associated not only with maternal wellbeing but also with child emotional and behavioural development. Children of antenatally depressed women are at risk of emotional and behavioural problems, including internalising problems (e.g., anxiety and depression) and externalising problems (e.g., attention problems), that may last at least to adolescence. These enduring effects also constitute an enormous economic cost. Despite the seriousness of this problem, until recently there existed very few controlled studies evaluating whether active psychological treatment for antenatal depression can prevent adverse child outcomes. Our previous pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) exploring the effect of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for antenatal depression on child outcomes showed promising results. We aim to assess whether treating antenatal depression with an evidence-based 8-week structured CBT program can prevent or ameliorate adverse child developmental outcomes at 2 years of age. METHODS Pregnant women ≤ 30 weeks gestation diagnosed with a depressive disorder are recruited and randomised to CBT or treatment as usual (TAU). The target sample size is 230 and the primary outcome measure is the infant Internalising scale of the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) at 24 months of age. Secondary infant outcome measures at 24 months are the Externalising scale of the CBCL and the motor and cognitive development subscales of the Ages & Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3). Additional secondary outcome measures are subscales of the Revised Infant Behaviour Questionnaire (IBQ-R), ASQ-3 and the ASQ-Socio-Emotional (ASQ-SE) at 3 and 12 months of age and the quality of mother-infant interaction at 3 and 24 months. Maternal measures, including demographic data, depression diagnosis, depressive and anxiety symptoms, perceived stress and parenting stress, are collected across all time points. DISCUSSION The trial is ongoing and recruitment was slowed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. If results suggest a beneficial effect of antenatal depression treatment on infant outcomes, the project could have repercussions for standard antenatal care, for maternal and infant health services and for preventing the intergenerational transmission of mental health disorders. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register: ACTRN12618001925235 Date Registered: 27 November 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette Milgrom
- Parent-Infant Research Institute, Austin Health, 300 Waterdale Road, Heidelberg Heights, VIC, 3081, Australia
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Yafit Hirshler
- Parent-Infant Research Institute, Austin Health, 300 Waterdale Road, Heidelberg Heights, VIC, 3081, Australia
| | - Charlene Holt
- Parent-Infant Research Institute, Austin Health, 300 Waterdale Road, Heidelberg Heights, VIC, 3081, Australia
| | - Helen Skouteris
- Health and Social Care Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Megan Galbally
- Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Mental Health, Program Monash Medical Centre, Monash Health, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Christine East
- Judith Lumley Centre, School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Plenty Rd & Kingsbury Drive, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
- Mercy Hospital for Women, 163 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Vivette Glover
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 ONN, UK
| | - John Reece
- School of Psychological Sciences, Australian College of Applied Professions, 123 Lonsdale Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Kieran J O'Donnell
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, 230 South Frontage Road, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, 230 South Frontage Road, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Susan P Walker
- Mercy Hospital for Women, 163 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
- Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | | | - Alan W Gemmill
- Parent-Infant Research Institute, Austin Health, 300 Waterdale Road, Heidelberg Heights, VIC, 3081, Australia.
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15
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Ravi S, Havewala M, Kircanski K, Brotman MA, Schneider L, Degnan K, Almas A, Fox N, Pine DS, Leibenluft E, Filippi C. Parenting and childhood irritability: Negative emotion socialization and parental control moderate the development of irritability. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1444-1453. [PMID: 35039102 PMCID: PMC9289071 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421001346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Irritability, characterized by anger in response to frustration, is normative in childhood. While children typically show a decline in irritability from toddlerhood to school age, elevated irritability throughout childhood may predict later psychopathology. The current study (n = 78) examined associations between trajectories of irritability in early childhood (ages 2-7) and irritability in adolescence (age 12) and tested whether these associations are moderated by parenting behaviors. Results indicate that negative emotion socialization moderated trajectories of irritability - relative to children with low stable irritability, children who exhibited high stable irritability in early childhood and who had parents that exhibited greater negative emotion socialization behaviors had higher irritability in adolescence. Further, negative parental control behavior moderated trajectories of irritability - relative to children with low stable irritability, children who had high decreasing irritability in early childhood and who had parents who exhibited greater negative control behaviors had higher irritability in adolescence. In contrast, positive emotion socialization and control behaviors did not moderate the relations between early childhood irritability and later irritability in adolescence. These results suggest that both irritability in early childhood and negative parenting behaviors may jointly influence irritability in adolescence. The current study underscores the significance of negative parenting behaviors and could inform treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Ravi
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mazneen Havewala
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Katharina Kircanski
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Melissa A. Brotman
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leslie Schneider
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn Degnan
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alisa Almas
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nathan Fox
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Daniel S. Pine
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ellen Leibenluft
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Courtney Filippi
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Stankova M, Kamenski T, Ivanov I, Mihova P. Emotional and Behavioral Problems of Children with ASD-The Lessons That We Learned from the Pandemic. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:969. [PMID: 37371201 PMCID: PMC10297218 DOI: 10.3390/children10060969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The data available for changes in the behavior and emotional state of children with ASD (autism spectrum disorder) in lockdown situations are controversial and scarce. In our research, we compare results before the first COVID-19 lockdown of 21 children with ASD and 21 typically developing children, four to five years of age with those obtained immediately after. The study attempts to answer the question of whether there are changes in the levels of emotional and behavioral problems in children with ASD after the lockdown and how these new living conditions affect some aspects of their functioning. The instruments used for data analysis are the Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST); Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL); Survey on the consequences of COVID-19 on the life and development of the participants. No significant differences in the emotional and behavioral state of the participants were found, except for attention deficit/hyperactivity problems where ASD children showed lower levels after the lockdown. ASD group parents' answers to the survey pointed towards more positive consequences of staying at home. Some reported they had more time for learning together, communicating, playing, and assisting the learning process through online therapy. As negatives, the parents of ASD children reported low physical activity, increased time with electronic devices, and time spent with the same people. Caregivers of typically developing children agreed that the lockdown had only negative effects. To conclude, for children with ASD in the study, the lockdown period demonstrated that more time spent with parents in structured everyday activities is an opportunity that can lead to positive results in their behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Stankova
- Department of Health Care and Social Work, New Bulgarian University, 1618 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.K.); (P.M.)
| | - Tsveta Kamenski
- Department of Health Care and Social Work, New Bulgarian University, 1618 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.K.); (P.M.)
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Polina Mihova
- Department of Health Care and Social Work, New Bulgarian University, 1618 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.K.); (P.M.)
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Christensen GM, Marcus M, Vanker A, Eick SM, Malcolm-Smith S, Suglia SF, Chang HH, Zar HJ, Stein DJ, Hüls A. Joint Effects of Indoor Air Pollution and Maternal Psychosocial Factors During Pregnancy on Trajectories of Early Childhood Psychopathology. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.04.07.23288289. [PMID: 37066323 PMCID: PMC10104216 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.07.23288289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Prenatal indoor air pollution and maternal psychosocial factors have been associated with adverse psychopathology. We used environmental exposure mixture methodology to investigate joint effects of both exposure classes on child behavior trajectories. Methods For 360 children from the South African Drakenstein Child Health Study, we created trajectories of Child Behavior Checklist scores (24, 42, 60 months) using latent class linear mixed effects models. Indoor air pollutants and psychosocial factors were measured during pregnancy (2 nd trimester). After adjusting for confounding, single-exposure effects (per natural log-1 unit increase) were assessed using polytomous logistic regression models; joint effects using self-organizing maps (SOM), and principal component (PC) analysis. Results High externalizing trajectory was associated with increased particulate matter (PM 10 ) exposure (OR [95%-CI]: 1.25 [1.01,1.55]) and SOM exposure profile most associated with smoking (2.67 [1.14,6.27]). Medium internalizing trajectory was associated with increased emotional intimate partner violence (2.66 [1.17,5.57]), increasing trajectory with increased benzene (1.24 [1.02,1.51]) and toluene (1.21 [1.02,1.44]) and the PC most correlated with benzene and toluene (1.25 [1.02, 1.54]). Conclusions Prenatal exposure to environmental pollutants and psychosocial factors was associated with internalizing and externalizing child behavior trajectories. Understanding joint effects of adverse exposure mixtures will facilitate targeted interventions to prevent childhood psychopathology.
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Altamimi AAH, Robinson M, McKinnon EJ, Alenezi EMA, Veselinović T, Choi RSM, Brennan-Jones CG. The association between otitis media in early childhood with later behaviour and attention problems: A longitudinal pregnancy cohort. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 168:111545. [PMID: 37043962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2023.111545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aims to investigate the association between an early history of recurrent otitis media (OM) with or without ventilation tube insertion (VTI) and later behavioural problems in childhood and adolescence. METHODS Parental reports in a longitudinal pregnancy cohort were used to classify children into three groups; recurrent OM without VTI (rOM group; n = 276), recurrent OM with VTI (VTI group; n = 62), and no history of early-life recurrent OM as a reference group (n = 1485). The Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) was administered at ages 5, 8, 10, and 13 years and data were analysed for psychological wellbeing. Mixed-effects regression modelling was used to investigate the associations between a history of rOM and CBCL T-scores across all ages for rOM and VTI groups compared to the reference group. All analyses were controlled for a wide range of confounding variables. RESULTS The analyses revealed a significant association between recurrent OM and behavioural problems. While there was a general decline in scores (i.e. improvement) observed over the duration of the follow-up period, children in the rOM group displayed significantly higher scores for internalising and externalising behaviours at ages five, eight and 10 years. Attention scores were significantly higher across all ages in the rOM group. A transient increase in internalising behaviour was observed in the VTI group at ages eight and 10 years. Logistic regression models showed an increased overall likelihood for the rOM group only to fall within the abnormal clinical range for internalising and externalising behaviours. CONCLUSION Early-life recurrent OM with and without VTI was associated with increased behavioural and attention problems in early and late childhood. This suggests that recurrent OM can have a significant impact on children's behaviour and attention that can persist into early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A H Altamimi
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Faculty of Life Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
| | - Monique Robinson
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J McKinnon
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Eman M A Alenezi
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Tamara Veselinović
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Robyn S M Choi
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher G Brennan-Jones
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Curran WC, Danbrook MC. Capturing invisibility: child welfare social worker's interventions and assessment planning in presentations of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder(s). ADVANCES IN DUAL DIAGNOSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1108/add-01-2023-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Purpose
Child welfare services (CWSs) globally continue to absorb high rates of children living with or suspected of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Such high prevalence rates render CWS with major ethical and moral dilemmas of meeting complex needs. Currently, many jurisdictions are challenged by diagnostic capacity and cost implications of formal FASD diagnosis. This paper aims to recommend a screening protocol to address management gap between FASD initial presentation and formal diagnosis.
Design/methodology/approach
This is a follow-up paper from a grounded-theory study of a sample (N = 18) of child welfare social workers (CWSWs), allied health professionals and foster parents. A stepwise protocol was developed through systematical interpretation of the final data.
Findings
The application of a five-step screening protocol would greatly support CWSW in meeting the needs of children with suspected FASD. This CWSWs-led assessment model incorporates a clinical evaluation to exclude neurodevelopmental conditions caused by known genetic disorders, followed by behavioral and neurocognitive psychosocial assessments.
Research limitations/implications
This study had several limitations. Firstly, as a specific social work-based sample, it is not necessarily representative of the wider population of social workers globally due to different cultural responses to FASD in CWSs. The transferability of findings will have to be considered due to cultural variations concerning FASD.
Practical implications
By offering a management and nonlabeling approach, this five-step screening protocol offers a delineated pathway for CWSW and addresses the major professional frustrations while seeking to plan safe care for a child suspected of having FASD.
Social implications
The research offers a pragmatic low-cost to society to alleviate the mounting social and monetary implications of FASD. A large percentage of children impacted by prenatal alcohol exposure do not qualify under formal clinical diagnostic guidelines. Leaving these children without intervention is problematic. The recommendation of this study addresses this critical gap in services. The primary aim is to alleviate the burden on this cohort of vulnerable children by offering nonlabeling neurodevelopmental screening.
Originality/value
The direct implications of FASD and how it impacts CWS are well documented. However, few studies focus on the critical interface of FASD and the role of CWSW responsible for planning their safe care. This paper offers a novel pragmatic and functional multistep protocol to aid CWSW in this complex area of practice.
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20
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Slykerman RF, Neumann D, Underwood L, Hobbs M, Waldie KE. Age at first exposure to antibiotics and neurodevelopmental outcomes in childhood. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:1143-1150. [PMID: 36930273 PMCID: PMC10101895 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Viral illnesses in children are common and are frequently treated with antibiotic medication. Antibiotics reduce the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota, leading to poor developmental outcomes. OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between age at first exposure to antibiotics and cognitive and behavioural development at 4.5 years while controlling for multiple confounders, including otitis media. METHODS Study participants were 5589 children enrolled in the broadly generalisable Growing Up in New Zealand cohort study, with antibiotic exposure data, maternal antenatal information, and age 4.5-year behaviour and cognitive outcome data. Children were categorised as first exposed to antibiotics according to the following mutually exclusive ages: 0-2 months; 3-5 months; 6-8 months; 9-11 months; 12-54 months or not exposed by 54 months. Developmental outcome measures included the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Luria hand clap task, and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-III. RESULTS In univariate analysis, there was an evident dose-response relationship where earlier exposure to antibiotics in the first year of life was associated with behavioural difficulties, lower executive function scores, and lower receptive language ability. After adjusting for confounders, pairwise comparisons showed that first antibiotic exposure between birth and 3 months or between 6 and 9 months was associated with lower receptive vocabulary. Antibiotic exposure at any age prior to 12 months was associated with increases in behavioural difficulties scores at 4.5 years. CONCLUSIONS Following adjustment for socioeconomic factors and otitis media, there is evidence that antibiotic exposure during potentially sensitive windows of development is associated with receptive language and behaviour later in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca F Slykerman
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Building 507, 22-30 Park Avenue, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Denise Neumann
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lisa Underwood
- Growing UP in New Zealand, Centre for Longitudinal Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mark Hobbs
- Growing UP in New Zealand, Centre for Longitudinal Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karen E Waldie
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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21
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Xie EB, Freeman M, Penner-Goeke L, Reynolds K, Lebel C, Giesbrecht GF, Rioux C, MacKinnon A, Sauer-Zavala S, Roos LE, Tomfohr-Madsen L. Building Emotional Awareness and Mental Health (BEAM): an open-pilot and feasibility study of a digital mental health and parenting intervention for mothers of infants. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2023; 9:27. [PMID: 36800982 PMCID: PMC9938356 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-023-01245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal mental health concerns and parenting stress in the first few years following childbirth are common and pose significant risks to maternal and child well-being. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to increases in maternal depression and anxiety and has presented unique parenting stressors. Although early intervention is crucial, there are significant barriers to accessing care. METHODS To inform a larger randomized controlled trial, the current open-pilot trial investigated initial evidence for the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of a newly developed online group therapy and app-based mental health and parenting program (BEAM) for mothers of infants. Forty-six mothers 18 years or older with clinically elevated depression scores, with an infant aged 6-17 months old, and who lived in Manitoba or Alberta were enrolled in the 10-week program (starting in July 2021) and completed self-report surveys. RESULTS The majority of participants engaged in each of the program components at least once and participants indicated relatively high levels of app satisfaction, ease of use, and usefulness. However, there was a high level of attrition (46%). Paired-sample t-tests indicated significant pre- to post-intervention change in maternal depression, anxiety, and parenting stress, and in child internalizing, but not externalizing symptoms. Effect sizes were in the medium to high range, with the largest effect size observed for depressive symptoms (Cohen's d = .93). DISCUSSION This study shows moderate levels of feasibility and strong preliminary efficacy of the BEAM program. Limitations to program design and delivery are being addressed for testing in adequately powered follow-up trials of the BEAM program for mothers of infants. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04772677 . Registered on February 26 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Bailin Xie
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Makayla Freeman
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Lara Penner-Goeke
- grid.21613.370000 0004 1936 9609Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - Kristin Reynolds
- grid.21613.370000 0004 1936 9609Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - Catherine Lebel
- grid.413571.50000 0001 0684 7358Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, AB Canada ,grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Gerald F. Giesbrecht
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada ,grid.413571.50000 0001 0684 7358Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, AB Canada ,grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Charlie Rioux
- grid.266900.b0000 0004 0447 0018Department of Psychology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK USA
| | - Anna MacKinnon
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada ,grid.411418.90000 0001 2173 6322CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Shannon Sauer-Zavala
- grid.266539.d0000 0004 1936 8438Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Leslie E. Roos
- grid.21613.370000 0004 1936 9609Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada ,grid.460198.20000 0004 4685 0561Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - Lianne Tomfohr-Madsen
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
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22
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Sammallahti S, Serdarevic F, Tiemeier H. Excessive Crying, Behavior Problems, and Amygdala Volume: A Study From Infancy to Adolescence. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 62:675-683. [PMID: 36758936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Excessive crying in infancy has been associated with increased risk of later behavioral problems. To identify individuals at risk for behavioral problems and to understand the mechanisms underlying excessive crying and irritability in infancy, research into the neurobiology of excessive crying is needed. We examined whether excessive crying and irritability in infancy are associated with behavioral problems and amygdala volume among children and adolescents. METHOD This study included 4,751 singleton children from the prospective population-based Generation R Study cohort, born in the Netherlands in 2002 to 2006. Excessive crying (>3 hours on at least 1 day/wk) and irritability (Mother and Baby Scales questionnaire) were parent-rated at 3 months. Amygdala volume was measured at 10 years using magnetic resonance imaging, and internalizing and externalizing were parent-rated at 1.5, 3, 6, 10, and 14 years and self-rated at 14 years. Covariates included child age, sex, national origin, gestational age, and maternal age, psychopathology score, parity, education, relationship status, and family income. RESULTS Children who cried excessively in infancy had higher parent-rated internalizing (effect estimate = 0.20 SD-units, 95% CI = 0.14, 0.27) and externalizing (0.17 SD-units, 95% CI = 0.10, 0.24) throughout childhood (linear mixed models), and smaller amygdala volume at 10 years (-0.19 SD-units, 95% CI = -0.32, -0.06) (linear regression model). The pattern of associations for both behavioral problems and amygdala volume was similar for irritability. CONCLUSION Excessive crying and irritability in infancy may reflect an early vulnerability to behavioral problems and may be linked with neurobiological differences in the development of the amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sammallahti
- Erasmus MC, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | - Henning Tiemeier
- Erasmus MC, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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23
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Bloss C, Brown S, Sawrikar V. Does behavioural parent training reduce internalising symptoms (or not) among children with externalising problems? Systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022:10.1007/s00787-022-02122-3. [PMID: 36527525 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Behaviour parent training (BPT) is known to effectively reduce child externalising problems. However, evidence for BPT to have secondary benefits for reducing internalising symptoms remains unclear. To address this, electronic databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and SCOPUS) were systematically searched for studies examining internalising outcomes from BPT among children aged 2-12 years with clinically elevated externalizing problems. Outcomes for internalising problems following BPT were analysed by meta-analysis. Of 9105 studies identified, 24 studies met the eligibility criteria. Results from meta-analysis demonstrated a significant small treatment effect size (g = - 0.41) for reducing internalising symptoms immediately after treatment. Studies showed moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 44%). Moderation analyses indicated that the overall treatment effect was robust against variations in treatment and study design characteristics. However, a review of individual study methods indicate that these results are limited by significant heterogeneity and limitations in clinical assessment. Overall, the results suggest that BPT programmes for reducing externalising problems have the potential to improve internalising outcomes, but that there is limited information to determine the reliability of these effects, highlighting the need for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy Bloss
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sophie Brown
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vilas Sawrikar
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. .,Centre of Applied Developmental Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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24
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Kolko DJ, Foster KT, Torres E, Hart J, Rounds J, Rumbarger K. Sexual Offense Disclosure Assessment in Youth Referred to Community Treatment: A Latent Class Analysis. SEXUAL ABUSE : A JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2022:10790632221139165. [PMID: 36426875 DOI: 10.1177/10790632221139165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study seeks to extend research evaluating tools to assess the disclosure of sexually abusive behavior. The subjects were 239 male youth (ages 10-20 years) who were court-ordered to participate in a community-based collaborative intervention for sexual offending that includes outpatient and probationary services. All youth participated in an interview to capture referral incident details about admission, responsibility, empathy, and remorse at intake, during intervention, and at discharge. Intake, treatment, discharge, and recidivism measures were also collected from multiple sources. Latent class analysis identified three classes based on the intake interview: Empathetic Admitters (22%), Unempathetic Admitters (38%), and Unempathetic Deniers (40%). Significant class differences were found on intake (e.g., use of physical force, caregiver denial of youth responsibility), treatment (e.g., any sanctions/violations), and discharge measures (e.g., successful treatment, probation officer ratings), but not in recidivism rates. The findings extend efforts to identify and target different disclosure patterns whose clinical monitoring may support a comprehensive intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Kolko
- Department of Psychiatry, 6614University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Katherine T Foster
- Department of Psychology, 7284University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eunice Torres
- UPMC Western Psychiatric Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan Hart
- UPMC Western Psychiatric Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeff Rounds
- UPMC Western Psychiatric Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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25
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Dachew BA, Tessema GA, Alati R. Association between obstetric mode of delivery and emotional and behavioural problems in children and adolescents: the children of the 90s health study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022:10.1007/s00127-022-02374-z. [PMID: 36239743 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02374-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Existing evidence on the relationship between mode of delivery and offspring emotional and behavioural problems, especially in older age groups, is limited and inconsistent. This study aimed to examine the association between obstetric mode of delivery and emotional and behavioural problems in offspring aged 3-16 years. METHODS The sample for this study comprised participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) in the United Kingdom. The study cohort ranged from 7074 (at 3 years of age) to 4071 (at 16 years of age) mother-offspring pairs. Data on obstetric mode of delivery were abstracted from obstetric records by trained research midwives and classified as spontaneous vaginal delivery, assisted vaginal delivery and caesarean delivery (elective and emergency). Offspring emotional and behavioural problems were measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) when the child was 3, 7, 9, 11, and 16 years. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations. RESULTS Assisted vaginal delivery was associated with an increased risk of emotional problems at age 11 years (OR = 1.42; 95% CI 1.11-1.81). No significant associations were observed at ages 3, 7, 9 and 16. We found no evidence of associations between caesarean delivery (elective or emergency) and emotional and behavioural measures in offspring across all age groups. CONCLUSION Mode of delivery does not appear to be associated with emotional and behavioural problems in children and adolescents. Further research is needed to understand the potential longer-term effects of assisted vaginal deliveries on offspring emotional development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gizachew A Tessema
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rosa Alati
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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26
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Valentia S, Turnip SS. Screening for emotional problems: Diagnostic accuracy of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire Indonesian version. Asian J Psychiatr 2022; 76:103139. [PMID: 35537924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Screening and intervention of emotional problems in Indonesia can be quite challenging given the large gap between available resources in Indonesia. Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) emotional problem subscale is a simple screening tool often used to detect mental health issues in adolescents. This study examined the accuracy of the SDQ emotional problem subscale Indonesian version. METHODS Accuracy has been examined by comparing the SDQ with diagnostic interviews based on DSM-5 as a gold standard. A double-blind study has been utilized with the assistance of the research team. Interviews have been conducted with 40 adolescents acquired from high schools located in Jakarta. Data has been analyzed with crosstabs and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC). RESULTS SDQ emotional problem subscale has a sensitivity of 94.4% and specificity of 86.4%. ROC plot shows that the cutoff score of 6 is ideal to identify adolescents with emotional problems. CONCLUSIONS The Indonesian version of the SDQ emotional problem subscale showed high diagnostic accuracy for emotional problem screening based on the DSM-5, therefore it is an accurate tool to screen for emotional problems in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefany Valentia
- Department of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
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27
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Ofili S, Thompson L, Wilson P, Marryat L, Connelly G, Henderson M, Barry SJE. Mapping Geographic Trends in Early Childhood Social, Emotional, and Behavioural Difficulties in Glasgow: 2010-2017. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11520. [PMID: 36141789 PMCID: PMC9516987 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Measuring variation in childhood mental health supports the development of local early intervention strategies. The methodological approach used to investigate mental health trends (often determined by the availability of individual level data) can affect decision making. We apply two approaches to identify geographic trends in childhood social, emotional, and behavioural difficulties using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). SDQ forms were analysed for 35,171 children aged 4-6 years old across 180 preschools in Glasgow, UK, between 2010 and 2017 as part of routine monitoring. The number of children in each electoral ward and year with a high SDQ total difficulties score (≥15), indicating a high risk of psychopathology, was modelled using a disease mapping model. The total difficulties score for an individual child nested in their preschool and electoral ward was modelled using a multilevel model. For each approach, linear time trends and unstructured spatial random effects were estimated. The disease mapping model estimated a yearly rise in the relative rate (RR) of high scores of 1.5-5.0%. The multilevel model estimated an RR increase of 0.3-1.2% in average total scores across the years, with higher variation between preschools than between electoral wards. Rising temporal trends may indicate worsening social, emotional, and behavioural difficulties over time, with a faster rate for the proportion with high scores than for the average total scores. Preschool and ward variation, although minimal, highlight potential priority areas for local service provision. Both methodological approaches have utility in estimating and predicting children's difficulties and local areas requiring greater intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Ofili
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK
| | - Lucy Thompson
- Centre for Rural Health, Centre for Health Science, University of Aberdeen, Inverness IV2 3JH, UK
| | - Philip Wilson
- Centre for Rural Health, Centre for Health Science, University of Aberdeen, Inverness IV2 3JH, UK
| | - Louise Marryat
- School of Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HJ, UK
| | - Graham Connelly
- School of Social Work and Social Policy, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0LT, UK
| | - Marion Henderson
- School of Social Work and Social Policy, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0LT, UK
| | - Sarah J. E. Barry
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK
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28
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Periconceptual and prenatal alcohol consumption and neurodevelopment at age two and five years. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2022; 274:197-203. [PMID: 35667175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2022.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine the association between alcohol consumption before and during pregnancy and neurodevelopmental outcomes in the offspring at two and five years. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective analysis of a prospective longitudinal cohort; SCOPE-BASELINE. Data on pre-conception and prenatal alcohol consumption were obtained at 15 weeks' gestation and categorised as abstinent, occasional-low (1-7units/week) and moderate-heavy (≥8units/week). Binge drinking was defined as ≥6 units/session. Outcome measures (Child Behaviour Checklist and Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test) were obtained at two and five years. Linear regression examined an alcohol consumption and Child Behaviour Checklist and Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test relationship, adjusting for several potential confounders. RESULTS Data on alcohol consumption was available for 1,507 women. Adjusted linear regression suggested few associations: pre-pregnancy occasional-low alcohol consumption was associated with lower log externalizing Child Behaviour Checklist scores (-0.264, 95% CI: -0.009, -0.520), while pre-pregnancy moderate-high levels of alcohol consumption was associated with lower Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test verbal standard scores (-0.034, 95% CI: -0.001, -0.068) and composite IQ scores (-0.028, 95% CI: -0.056, -0.0004) at five-years. In the first trimester, moderate-high levels of alcohol consumption was associated with lower internalizing Child Behaviour Checklist scores at two-years (-0.252, 95% CI: -0.074, -0.430). No significant associations were observed between number of binge episodes pre-pregnancy or binge drinking in the first trimester and Child Behaviour Checklist or Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test. CONCLUSIONS We did not find strong evidence of associations between pre-pregnancy and early pregnancy maternal alcohol consumption and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes at age two and five years overall. Further research examining alcohol consumption (including binge drinking) beyond 15 weeks' gestation and subsequent neurodevelopmental outcomes is needed to examine the potential effect of alcohol consumption in later pregnancy.
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29
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Go D, Jeon M, Lee S, Jin IH, Park HJ. Analyzing differences between parent- and self-report measures with a latent space approach. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269376. [PMID: 35767516 PMCID: PMC9242488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We explore potential cross-informant discrepancies between child- and parent-report measures with an example of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Youth Self Report (YSR), parent- and self-report measures on children’s behavioral and emotional problems. We propose a new way of examining the parent- and child-report differences with an interaction map estimated using a Latent Space Item Response Model (LSIRM). The interaction map enables the investigation of the dependency between items, between respondents, and between items and respondents, which is not possible with the conventional approach. The LSIRM captures the differential positions of items and respondents in the latent spaces for CBCL and YSR and identifies the relationships between each respondent and item according to their dependent structures. The results suggest that the analysis of item response in the latent space using the LSIRM is beneficial in uncovering the differential structures embedded in the response data obtained from different perspectives in children and their parents. This study also argues that the differential hidden structures of children and parents’ responses should be taken together to evaluate children’s behavioral problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyoung Go
- Department of Applied Statistics, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjeong Jeon
- School of Education and Information Studies, University of California, California, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Saebyul Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ick Hoon Jin
- Department of Applied Statistics, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (HJP); (IHJ)
| | - Hae-Jeong Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Cognitive Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (HJP); (IHJ)
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30
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Liang K, Zhao L, Lei Y, Zou K, Ji S, Wang R, Huang X. Nonsuicidal self-injury behaviour in a city of China and its association with family environment, media use and psychopathology. Compr Psychiatry 2022; 115:152311. [PMID: 35395465 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is not clear whether there are differences in the risk factors for nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) between children and early adolescents. Clarifying this question is crucial for identifying actionable prevention strategies for NSSI in these two age groups. METHOD The study, comprising 8611 children and early adolescents (4409 (51.2%) children, 4202 (48.8%) early adolescents), was based on the baseline data of the Chengdu Positive Child Development (CPCD) in China. NSSI behaviours, emotional and behavioural problems and family environment were assessed and obtained via self-reports and parent reports. RESULTS Overall, 2520 (29.26%) participants reported having ever engaged in NSSI. There was a higher lifetime NSSI rate in males than in females during childhood, contrasting with higher NSSI rates in females than in males during early adolescence. Furthermore, NSSI shared similar risk factors, including major family conflict and poor relationships with caregivers, in both age groups. Specifically, in children, the risk of NSSI increased along with thought and attention problems (OR, 95% CI: 1.194, 1.106-1.288 and 1.114, 1.028-1.207, respectively), whereas in early adolescents, it increased with anxiety and depressive problems (OR, 95% CI: 1.259, 1.116-1.422). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggested the need for difference in preventive strategies for NSSI in the two age groups. It may be more efficacious to screen for NSSI in children with thought and attention problems and in early adolescents with anxiety and depressive problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Liang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health, West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health, West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yalin Lei
- Department of Health-Related Social and Behavioural Sciences, West China School of Public Health, West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Kun Zou
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; West China Research Center for Rural Health Development, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Institute for Healthy Cities, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shuming Ji
- Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health, West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruiou Wang
- West China School of Public Health, West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Mills KP, Lean RE, Smyser CD, Inder T, Rogers C, McPherson CC. Fentanyl Exposure in Preterm Infants: Five-Year Neurodevelopmental and Socioemotional Assessment. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 3:836705. [PMID: 36061415 PMCID: PMC9429367 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.836705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the association between cumulative fentanyl dose during neonatal intensive care and 5-year neurodevelopmental and socioemotional outcomes in very preterm infants. Materials and Methods Patient demographics and clinical factors during the perinatal and neonatal course were collected in 84 patients born between 23- and 30-weeks gestational age (GA). Cumulative fentanyl dose during neonatal intensive care was calculated. Developmental testing at age 5 years included the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient, Third Edition, Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-Preschool, Second Edition, Movement Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition (MABC-2), and Shape School Assessment. Socioemotional outcomes were assessed via caregiver's responses on the Child Behavior Checklist/1.5-5 (CBCL/1.5-5.5) and Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition (SRS-2). Covariates were identified on bivariate analysis (p < 0.1). Linear regression models related outcome measures to the log of cumulative fentanyl dose adjusted for covariates. Results Higher cumulative fentanyl dose was associated with lower composite motor scores on bivariate analysis (p < 0.01). Cumulative fentanyl dose did not correlate with composite intelligence quotient, language, or executive function. The Clinical Risk Index for Babies score, log of mechanical ventilation, inotrope, and anesthesia duration, and log of cumulative midazolam and hydrocortisone dose were also associated with MABC-2 scores (p < 0.1). Cumulative fentanyl dose was not associated with composite MABC-2 scores on multiple linear regression. Higher cumulative fentanyl dose was associated with decreased socioemotional problems based on caregiver's response on CBCL/1.5-5.5 t-scores driven by fewer symptoms of depression. The McMaster Family Assessment Device general functioning scale score, maternal age, GA, log of total parenteral nutrition days, patent ductus arteriosus requiring treatment, and log of inotrope hours were also associated with CBCL/1.5-5.5 t-scores (p < 0.1). Cumulative fentanyl dose (p = 0.039) and family dysfunction score (p = 0.002) remained significant after controlling for covariates on multiple linear regression. Conclusion Cumulative fentanyl dose during neonatal intensive care did not correlate with 5-year motor, cognitive, or language outcomes after controlling for other variables. Fentanyl dose was associated with caregiver reported total socioemotional problems on the CBCL/1.5-5.5 on multivariate modeling. Additional long-term studies are needed to fully elucidate the safety of fentanyl in very preterm neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly P. Mills
- Department of Pharmacy, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Rachel E. Lean
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Christopher D. Smyser
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Terrie Inder
- Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cynthia Rogers
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Christopher C. McPherson
- Department of Pharmacy, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Talwar V, Lavoie J. Lie-telling for personal gain in children with and without externalizing behavior problems. J Exp Child Psychol 2022; 219:105385. [PMID: 35217368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the lie-telling behavior of children who have externalizing problems using experimental procedures. In the current study, children's lie-telling for personal gain (N = 110 boys aged 6-11 years) was examined using an experimental paradigm in relation to their theory-of-mind abilities and inhibitory control as well as their moral evaluations of truths and lies. Children with externalizing behavior problems (n = 53) were significantly more likely to lie and to be less skilled at lying than a typical comparison group (n = 57). Children who had lower theory-of-mind scores were significantly less likely to tell a lie for personal gain compared with those who had higher theory-of-mind scores. Children with externalizing problems who told personal gain lies were also more likely to rate tattle truths more positively than other children. For a subsample of children (n = 55), parent-reported diaries of the frequency of children's lies over 2 weeks revealed a higher frequency of lies by children with externalizing problems compared with the typical comparison group. Children whose parents reported a high frequency of lies for their children were also more likely to lie in the experimental personal gain lie paradigm. Results suggest that children with externalizing behavior may have a different pattern of lie-telling than has been previously reported for normative lie development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Talwar
- Department of Educational & Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1Y2, Canada.
| | - Jennifer Lavoie
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 8AQ, UK
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Factor structure, reliability, inter-rater agreement and convergent validity of the parent and child Italian versions of the paediatric quality of life inventory multidimensional fatigue scale for children and adolescents in paediatric inpatients with obesity and their parents. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:295-306. [PMID: 33786737 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01152-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the factor structure, reliability, inter-rater agreement and convergent validity of the child and parent Italian versions of the paediatric quality of life inventory multidimensional fatigue scale (PedsQL-MFS) in paediatric inpatients with obesity and one of their parents. METHODS 100 pairs of children/adolescents (64% female, mean age = 15.34) with obesity and one of their parents completed the PedsQL-MFS and the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) or the Youth Self Report. RESULTS Confirmatory Factor Analysis indicated that the three correlated first-order factors model corresponding to the published subscales demonstrated acceptable fit and achieved strict invariance across parent and child informants. Bifactor Analysis supported the multidimensionality and the reliability of the total and subscale scores as multidimensional composites. Parent-child agreement was low with latent means higher for parent reports. PedsQL-MFS total scores were strongly correlated with Somatic Complaints scores on the CBCL, and moderately associated with anxiety, depression, social problems and school problems. CONCLUSIONS Total scores of the child and parent Italian versions of the PedsQL-MFS demonstrated good reliability and convergent validity in paediatric inpatients with obesity and their parents, and are complementary rather than interchangeable. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE No level of evidence.
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Ahmed SM, Mishra GD, Moss KM, Yang IA, Lycett K, Knibbs LD. Maternal and Childhood Ambient Air Pollution Exposure and Mental Health Symptoms and Psychomotor Development in Children: An Australian Population-Based Longitudinal Study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:107003. [PMID: 34991263 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence indicates early life exposure to air pollution, a suspected neurotoxicant, is negatively associated with children's neurodevelopment. OBJECTIVES To explore the role of multiple exposure periods to ambient particulate matter with diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on emotion and behaviour, and early development in children <13 years. METHODS We used data from Mothers and their Children's Health (MatCH) study, a 2016/17 sub-study from a prospective longitudinal study, the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Annual PM2.5 and NO2 estimates since 1996 were obtained from a land-use regression model. Maternal residential proximity to roadways were used as a proxy measure of exposure to traffic-related air pollution. Child outcomes were maternal-rated emotional and behavioural problems (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; SDQ, aged 2-12 years, n = 5471 children) and developmental delay in communication and gross motor skills (Ages and Stages Questionnaire; ASQ, aged 1-66 months, n = 1265 children). Defined exposure periods were early life exposure ('during pregnancy' and 'first year of life') and 'children's lifetime exposure'. Ambient air pollution was divided into tertiles and logistic regression was performed to estimate odds ratio (OR) for each child outcome, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Children exposed to moderate and high PM2.5 exposure, compared to low exposure, across all periods, had higher odds of emotional and behavioural problems, and gross motor delay. Children's lifetime exposure to moderate levels of PM2.5 (5.9-7.1 µg/m3) was associated with 1.27 (95% confidence interval 1.03, 1.57) fold higher odds of emotional/behavioural problems. Similar associations were found for moderate PM2.5 levels at 'first year of life' in a two-pollutant model only (OR: 1.30; 1.05, 1.60). However, there was insufficient evidence to suggest that NO2 exposure or living within 200 m of major roads was associated with emotional and behaviour problems or developmental delay across any exposure periods. CONCLUSION We found isolated evidence that early life and childhood exposure to PM2.5 may be associated with emotional and behavioural problems and delays in gross motor skills, but most associations were null. Due to the limited number of longitudinal studies on low-exposure settings, further studies with more temporally refined exposure assessment are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma M Ahmed
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Gita D Mishra
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katrina M Moss
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian A Yang
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, and Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
| | - Kate Lycett
- Centre for Social & Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luke D Knibbs
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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35
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Gray EJ, Scott JG, Lawrence DM, Thomas HJ. Concordance between adolescents and parents on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: Analysis of an Australian nationally representative sample. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2021; 55:1058-1070. [PMID: 33926246 DOI: 10.1177/00048674211009610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Differences between adolescent self-reported and parent-reported emotional and behavioural difficulties may influence psychiatric epidemiological research. This study examined concordance between adolescents and their parents about mental health symptoms using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. METHODS The study comprised a randomly selected, nationally representative sample of adolescents aged 11-17 years who participated in the Second Australian Child and Adolescent Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing (N = 2967). Matched adolescent and parent responses across the five Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire subscales (emotional problems, hyperactivity, peer problems, conduct problems and prosocial behaviour), as well as total difficulties and total impact scores were examined to estimate concordance. Concordance patterns were analysed by sex, after stratifying the sample by age group (younger adolescents: 11-14 years; older adolescents: 15-17 years). RESULTS Concordance was 86.7% for total difficulties, 77.5% for total impact and ranged from 82.4% to 94.3% across the five Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire subscales. There were no differences in concordance between sexes on the total difficulties score. Older females were more likely to disagree with their parents about emotional problems compared to males of the same age. Younger males were more likely to disagree with their parents compared to same-aged females about peer problems, hyperactivity, conduct problems and prosocial skills, as well as the impact of their problems. Older males were more likely to disagree with their parents about their prosocial skills compared to older females. CONCLUSION Overall, concordance between adolescents and parents on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was largely driven by the high proportion of respondents who reported having no problems. Discordance on a subscale increased as the prevalence of problems in a sex and age demographic subgroup increased. These findings highlight the need for a multi-informant approach to detect emotional and behavioural difficulties in adolescents, particularly when assessing the impact of symptoms, as this subscale had the lowest concordance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Gray
- Metro North Mental Health, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - James G Scott
- Metro North Mental Health, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD, Australia
| | - David M Lawrence
- Graduate School of Education, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Hannah J Thomas
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD, Australia.,School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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36
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Smith J, Sulek R, Green CC, Bent CA, Chetcuti L, Bridie L, Benson PR, Barnes J, Hudry K. Relative predictive utility of the original and Autism-Specific Five-Minute Speech Samples for child behaviour problems in autistic preschoolers: A preliminary study. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2021; 26:1188-1200. [PMID: 34519569 DOI: 10.1177/13623613211044336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Parental Expressed Emotion refers to the intensity and nature of emotion shown when a parent talks about their child, and has been linked to child behaviour outcomes. Parental Expressed Emotion has typically been measured using the Five-Minute Speech Sample; however, the Autism-Specific Five-Minute Speech Sample was developed to better capture Expressed Emotion for parents of children on the autism spectrum. In each case, parents are asked to talk for 5 min about their child and how they get along with their child. Parents' statements are then coded for features such as number of positive and critical comments, or statements reflecting strong emotional involvement. While both the Five-Minute Speech Sample and Autism-Specific Five-Minute Speech Sample have been used with parents of autistic school-aged children, their relative usefulness for measuring Expressed Emotion in parents of preschool-aged children - including their links to child behaviour problems in this group - is unclear. We collected speech samples from 51 parents of newly diagnosed autistic preschoolers to investigate similarities and differences in results from the Five-Minute Speech Sample and Autism-Specific Five-Minute Speech Sample coding schemes. This included exploring the extent to which the Five-Minute Speech Sample and Autism-Specific Five-Minute Speech Sample, separately, or together, predicted current and future child behaviour problems. While the two measures were related, we found only the Autism-Specific Five-Minute Speech Sample - but not the Five-Minute Speech Sample - was related to child behavioural challenges. This adds support to the suggestion that the Autism-Specific Five-Minute Speech Sample may be a more useful measure of parental Expressed Emotion in this group, and provides a first step towards understanding how autistic children might be better supported by targeting parental Expressed Emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rhylee Sulek
- La Trobe University, Australia
- Griffith University, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jacqueline Barnes
- Birkbeck, University of London, UK
- University of Wollongong, Australia
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Takahashi F, Honda H. Prevalence of clinical-level emotional/behavioral problems in schoolchildren during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Japan: A prospective cohort study. JCPP ADVANCES 2021; 1:e12007. [PMID: 34485986 PMCID: PMC8206658 DOI: 10.1111/jcv2.12007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several empirical studies have investigated negative mental health outcomes related to the spread of infectious diseases, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, little is known about children's emotional/behavioral problems, especially externalizing problems, during such situations. This prospective cohort study aimed to investigate pandemic‐related emotional/behavioral problems and their risk factors among schoolchildren in Japan. Methods A total of 4800 parents with children in grades 1−12 participated in a two‐wave longitudinal survey. Wave 1 and Wave 2 were conducted on March 4−8 and May 15−18, 2020, respectively. Survey items included demographic information, parental depression, children's diagnoses of neurodevelopmental disorders, the total length of school closure, and emotional/behavioral problems. Children's emotional/behavioral problems were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), which has cutoff points to differentiate clinical‐level problems, which were the primary focus of this study. Results The proportions of clinical‐level problems were higher at Wave 2 (emotional symptoms = 24.8%, conduct problems = 22.7%, hyperactivity/inattention = 36.8%, peer relationship problems = 36.2%, and lack of prosocial behavior = 23.5%) compared to Wave 1. Lower grade‐level and lower annual family income predicted the increased proportions of children's clinical‐level emotional symptoms, hyperactivity/inattention, and prosocial behavior at Wave 2. The total length of school closure was not a significant predictor of subsequent emotional/behavioral problems. The highest proportion of clinical‐level problems at Wave 2 for the four SDQ subscales was observed in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Conclusions The number of schoolchildren with severe emotional/behavioral problems increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Appropriate prevention and early intervention programs should be provided, especially for children who are in lower grade levels, have low family incomes, or have neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hideo Honda
- Department of Child and Adolescent Developmental Psychiatry Shinshu University School of Medicine Matsumoto Japan
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38
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Irish AM, White JS, Modrek S, Hamad R. Paid Family Leave and Mental Health in the U.S.: A Quasi-Experimental Study of State Policies. Am J Prev Med 2021; 61:182-191. [PMID: 34294424 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several U.S. states have implemented paid family leave policies for new parents. Few studies have evaluated the impacts of U.S. paid family leave policies on families' health. This study tests the hypothesis that paid family leave policies in California and New Jersey improved parent and child mental health. METHODS Using national data from the 1997-2016 waves of the National Health Interview Survey, the study assessed changes in parental psychological distress (measured using the Kessler 6 score, n=28,638) and child behavioral problems (measured using the Mental Health Indicator score, n=15,987) using difference-in-differences analysis, a quasi-experimental method that compared outcomes before and after the implementation of paid family leave policies in California and New Jersey while accounting for secular trends in states without paid family leave policies. Secondary analyses were conducted to assess differential responses among prespecified subgroups. Data analysis was conducted in 2018-2021. RESULTS Exposure to paid family leave policies was associated with decreased psychological distress among parents (-0.49, 95% CI= -0.77, -0.21). There was no association between the paid family leave policies and children's behavioral problems (-0.06, 95% CI= -0.13, 0.012). Associations varied by demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, with some subgroups experiencing benefits, whereas others were negatively impacted. CONCLUSIONS Study findings suggest that state paid family leave policies improved mental health among parents, with mixed findings among children, including positive, negative, or no changes in mental health, depending on the subgroup. Future work should clarify how more recent state policies, some of which provide more generous benefits and job protections for low-income parents, influence health among affected families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Irish
- UCSF Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Justin S White
- UCSF Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; UCSF Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sepideh Modrek
- Health Equity Institute, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California
| | - Rita Hamad
- UCSF Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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Luna A, Bernanke J, Kim K, Aw N, Dworkin JD, Cha J, Posner J. Maturity of gray matter structures and white matter connectomes, and their relationship with psychiatric symptoms in youth. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:4568-4579. [PMID: 34240783 PMCID: PMC8410534 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain predicted age difference, or BrainPAD, compares chronological age to an age estimate derived by applying machine learning (ML) to MRI brain data. BrainPAD studies in youth have been relatively limited, often using only a single MRI modality or a single ML algorithm. Here, we use multimodal MRI with a stacked ensemble ML approach that iteratively applies several ML algorithms (AutoML). Eligible participants in the Healthy Brain Network (N = 489) were split into training and test sets. Morphometry estimates, white matter connectomes, or both were entered into AutoML to develop BrainPAD models. The best model was then applied to a held‐out evaluation dataset, and associations with psychometrics were estimated. Models using morphometry and connectomes together had a mean absolute error of 1.18 years, outperforming models using a single MRI modality. Lower BrainPAD values were associated with more symptoms on the CBCL (pcorr = .012) and lower functioning on the Children's Global Assessment Scale (pcorr = .012). Higher BrainPAD values were associated with better performance on the Flanker task (pcorr = .008). Brain age prediction was more accurate using ComBat‐harmonized brain data (MAE = 0.26). Associations with psychometric measures remained consistent after ComBat harmonization, though only the association with CGAS reached statistical significance in the reduced sample. Our findings suggest that BrainPAD scores derived from unharmonized multimodal MRI data using an ensemble ML approach may offer a clinically relevant indicator of psychiatric and cognitive functioning in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joel Bernanke
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kakyeong Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Natalie Aw
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jordan D Dworkin
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jiook Cha
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Data Science Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jonathan Posner
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
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Maalouf FT, Alrojolah L, Ghandour L, Afifi R, Dirani LA, Barrett P, Nakkash R, Shamseddeen W, Tabaja F, Yuen CM, Becker AE. Building Emotional Resilience in Youth in Lebanon: a School-Based Randomized Controlled Trial of the FRIENDS Intervention. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2021; 21:650-660. [PMID: 32363411 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-020-01123-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In Lebanon, approximately one in four adolescents suffers from a psychiatric disorder. Alarmingly, 94% of adolescents with a mental disorder have not sought any treatment. This study assessed the effectiveness of an evidence-based school-based universal mental health intervention (the FRIENDS program) in reducing depression and anxiety symptoms in middle school students in Lebanon. A total of 280 6th graders aged 11-13 years were recruited from 10 schools in Beirut. Schools were matched on size and tuition and randomly assigned to intervention or control groups. The FRIENDS program was translated into Arabic, adapted, and then implemented by trained mental health professionals during 10 classroom sessions over 3 months. We assessed sociodemographic and relevant psychological symptoms by self-report, using the Scale for Childhood Anxiety and Related Disorders (SCARED), Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ), and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), at baseline. We re-administered these scales at 3 months post-intervention. There was a significant time × group interaction for the SDQ emotional score (p = 0.011) and total MFQ score (p = 0.039) indicating significant improvement in depressive and emotional symptoms in the intervention group. Subgroup analysis by gender showed a significant time × group interaction for the total SCARED score (p = 0.025) in females but not in males (p = 0.137), consistent with a reduction of anxiety symptoms in this stratum of the intervention group as compared with the control group. The FRIENDS program was effective in reducing general emotional and depressive symptoms among middle school students in this Lebanese study population. This intervention provides an opportunity for promoting mental health in Lebanese schools and reducing the treatment gap in mental health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi T Maalouf
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El-Solh/Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon.
| | - Loay Alrojolah
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El-Solh/Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Lilian Ghandour
- Department of Epidemiology and Population, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El-Solh/Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon.
| | - Rima Afifi
- Community and Behavioral, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Leyla Akoury Dirani
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El-Solh/Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Paula Barrett
- Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rima Nakkash
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wael Shamseddeen
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El-Solh/Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Farah Tabaja
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El-Solh/Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Courtney M Yuen
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne E Becker
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Wallander JL, Berry S, Carr PA, Peterson ER, Waldie KE, Marks E, D'Souza S, Morton SMB. Patterns of risk exposure in first 1,000 days of life and health, behavior, and education-related problems at age 4.5: evidence from Growing Up in New Zealand, a longitudinal cohort study. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:285. [PMID: 34140013 PMCID: PMC8212450 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02652-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Children who are high priority candidates for early intervention need to be identified to reduce their risk for experiencing problems in development. Those exposed to multiple risk factors are more likely to exhibit problems in development than those exposed to a single or no risk factor. We examined the longitudinal associations between persistence and timing of exposure to cumulative risk (CR) on three occasions by age 2 and problems in development at age 4.5 in health, behavior, and education-related domains. Methods Data are from Growing Up in New Zealand (NZ), a prospective longitudinal study of a birth cohort first assessed during their last trimester in 2009–10 and followed at ages 9 months and 2 and 4.5 years. All women with an expected delivery date in a 12-month period who resided within a defined region were invited to participate, with no additional eligibility criteria. Exposure was measured for 12 sociodemographic and maternal health risk factors at third trimester and ages 9 months and 2 years, from which developmental trajectories were constructed capturing persistence and timing of CR exposure. Ten developmental outcomes were measured at age 4.5 to classify problems in overall health status, obesity, and injuries; internalizing and externalizing behavior problems; and letter naming, counting forward and backward, and expectations for starting school and completing education. Results Analyses of data from 6156 children (49% female, 33% Non-European ethnicity) who participated in the 4.5-age assessment uniformly showed associations between exposure to more than consistently zero CR across early development and higher prevalence of being classified with problems for 9 of 10 outcomes. Persistent exposure to a CR ≥ 4 was generally associated with a higher prevalence of problems for 7 of 10 outcomes, whereas the timing of first exposure to CR ≥ 4 showed a less consistent association with problem outcomes. Conclusions These findings are concerning because over 50% of NZ children are exposed to at least one of these risk factors at some point in early development. Routine screening of most of these risk factors during pregnancy is feasible and can identify priority candidates for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan L Wallander
- Psychological Sciences and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, 5400 North Lake Rd., Merced, CA, 95343, USA.
| | | | - Polly Atatoa Carr
- National Institute of Demographic and Economic Analysis, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Elizabeth R Peterson
- Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karen E Waldie
- Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Emma Marks
- School of Population Health and Centre for Longitudinal Research He Ara ki Mua, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stephanie D'Souza
- COMPASS Research Centre, Faculty of Arts, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Susan M B Morton
- School of Population Health and Centre for Longitudinal Research He Ara ki Mua, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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42
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Biederman J, DiSalvo M, Vaudreuil C, Wozniak J, Uchida M, Woodworth KY, Green A, Farrell A, Faraone SV. The child behavior checklist can aid in characterizing suspected comorbid psychopathology in clinically referred youth with ADHD. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 138:477-484. [PMID: 33965736 PMCID: PMC9069333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the utility of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) to aid in the identification of comorbid psychopathological conditions affecting referred youth with suspected ADHD prior to the evaluation. The CBCL is an easy-to-use assessment tool that may provide invaluable information regarding the severity and characteristics of the presenting complaints. METHODS The sample included 332 youths consecutively referred to an ADHD program for the assessment of suspected ADHD. Parents completed the CBCL, parent-rated ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS), Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). Because of the established association between the CBCL Attention Problems scale and a structured diagnostic interview of ADHD, all youths analyzed had abnormal Attention Problems T-scores (≥60). RESULTS Seventy-six percent of youths with elevated Attention Problems T-scores had ≥3 additional abnormal CBCL scales, suggesting they were likely affected with multiple comorbid psychopathological conditions. Moreover, 44% had ≥1 CBCL clinical scale with a T-score more severe than their Attention Problems T-score, suggesting the putative comorbid condition was more severe than the ADHD symptoms. Additional CBCL scale elevations were associated with more severe functional impairments as assessed by the ASRS, SRS, BRIEF, and CBCL competence scales. CONCLUSION The CBCL obtained before the clinical assessment identified high rates of comorbid psychopathology in youths referred for the assessment of ADHD. It provided detailed information about the types and severity of suspected psychopathological conditions impacting a particular youth, which is critical to guide the assessing clinician on likely differing needs of the affected child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Biederman
- Clinical and Research Programs in Pediatric Psychopharmacology and Adult ADHD, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Maura DiSalvo
- Clinical and Research Programs in Pediatric Psychopharmacology and Adult ADHD, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carrie Vaudreuil
- Clinical and Research Programs in Pediatric Psychopharmacology and Adult ADHD, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Janet Wozniak
- Clinical and Research Programs in Pediatric Psychopharmacology and Adult ADHD, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mai Uchida
- Clinical and Research Programs in Pediatric Psychopharmacology and Adult ADHD, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K. Yvonne Woodworth
- Clinical and Research Programs in Pediatric Psychopharmacology and Adult ADHD, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allison Green
- Clinical and Research Programs in Pediatric Psychopharmacology and Adult ADHD, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abigail Farrell
- Clinical and Research Programs in Pediatric Psychopharmacology and Adult ADHD, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen V. Faraone
- Clinical and Research Programs in Pediatric Psychopharmacology and Adult ADHD, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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43
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Rudd KL, Bush NR, Alkon A, Roubinov DS. Identifying profiles of multisystem physiological activity across early childhood: Examining developmental shifts and associations with stress and internalizing problems. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 128:105196. [PMID: 33765640 PMCID: PMC8188642 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Physiological regulation is an important predictor of health across the lifespan. Regulation occurs across multiple collaborative systems, yet few empirical studies explore multisystem activity and how this collaborative regulation develops early in life. The current study used latent profile analysis to evaluate multisystem regulation in the autonomic nervous system and hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis in 150 racially/ethnically diverse, low-income children at 18- and 36-months. At both timepoints, profiles of generally moderate activity (Moderate Arousal) and heightened baseline activity (Anticipatory Arousal) emerged. A profile of typically adaptive patterns across all systems (Active Copers) emerged at 18-months and a profile of heightened HPA Axis activity (HPA-axis Responders) emerged at 36-months. Persistent membership in the Anticipatory Arousal profile across time was associated with exposure to greater maternal stress at 18-months and child internalizing problems at 36-months. These findings highlight early multisystem profile development and suggest associations with stress and later behavior problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L. Rudd
- University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; San Francisco, CA
| | - Nicole R. Bush
- University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; San Francisco, CA,University of California, San Francisco; Department of Pediatrics; San Francisco, CA,University of California, San Francisco; Weill Institute for Neurosciences; San Francisco, CA
| | - Abbey Alkon
- University of California, San Francisco; School of Nursing; San Francisco, CA
| | - Danielle S. Roubinov
- University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; San Francisco, CA,University of California, San Francisco; Weill Institute for Neurosciences; San Francisco, CA
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44
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Van De Maele K, Bogaerts A, De Schepper J, Provyn S, Ceulemans D, Guelinckx I, Gies I, Devlieger R. Adiposity, psychomotor and behaviour outcomes of children born after maternal bariatric surgery. Pediatr Obes 2021; 16:e12749. [PMID: 33200544 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery before pregnancy can result in improved maternal fertility. However, long-term data on the consequences at childhood age are currently lacking. METHODS EFFECTOR is a prospective cohort study of children (aged 4 to 11 years) born to mothers who underwent bariatric surgery (BS) before pregnancy (n = 36), controls with overweight/obesity (OW/OB) matched on pre-pregnancy BMI (n = 36) and normal weight controls (NL) (n = 35). We performed prospective collection of anthropometric data, data on psychomotor development, school functioning and behaviour (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL)). RESULTS The children born after bariatric surgery (BS) presented with the highest body-weight SDS (0.70 vs 0.14 in OW/OB and -0.09 in NL; P = .006) and BMI SDS (0.47 vs -0.02 in OW/OB and -0.42 in NL; P = .01). A higher excess in body fat percentage and waist circumference SDS were found in the BS group (5.7 vs 1.4 in OW/OB and -0.1 in NL; P < .001 and 0.61 vs 0.16 in OW/OB and -0.15 in NL; P = .04). The SDQ questionnaires revealed a higher amount of overall problems in the BS offspring (11.1 vs 7.5 in OW/OB and 8.1 in NL; P = .03), with a higher externalizing score at the CBCL (52.0 vs 44.2 in OW/OB and 47.0 in NL; P = .03). CONCLUSION Maternal bariatric surgery does not appear to protect the offspring for childhood overweight and obesity. Parents reported more behaviour problems in these children, especially externally of nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolien Van De Maele
- Pediatric Endocrinology, KidZ Health Castle, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Research Unit Organ Systems, Department of Development and Regeneration, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Research Unit GRON, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Annick Bogaerts
- Research Unit Organ Systems, Department of Development and Regeneration, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Centre for Research and Innovation in Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jean De Schepper
- Pediatric Endocrinology, KidZ Health Castle, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steven Provyn
- Anatomical Research and Clinical Studies, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dries Ceulemans
- Research Unit Organ Systems, Department of Development and Regeneration, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Inge Gies
- Pediatric Endocrinology, KidZ Health Castle, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Research Unit GRON, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roland Devlieger
- Research Unit Organ Systems, Department of Development and Regeneration, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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45
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Isaiah A, Ernst T, Cloak CC, Clark DB, Chang L. Associations between frontal lobe structure, parent-reported obstructive sleep disordered breathing and childhood behavior in the ABCD dataset. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2205. [PMID: 33850154 PMCID: PMC8044120 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22534-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Parents frequently report behavioral problems among children who snore. Our understanding of the relationship between symptoms of obstructive sleep disordered breathing (oSDB) and childhood behavioral problems associated with brain structural alterations is limited. Here, we examine the associations between oSDB symptoms, behavioral measures such as inattention, and brain morphometry in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study comprising 10,140 preadolescents. We observe that parent-reported symptoms of oSDB are associated with composite and domain-specific problem behaviors measured by parent responses to the Child Behavior Checklist. Alterations of brain structure demonstrating the strongest negative associations with oSDB symptoms are within the frontal lobe. The relationships between oSDB symptoms and behavioral measures are mediated by significantly smaller volumes of multiple frontal lobe regions. These results provide population-level evidence for an association between regional structural alterations in cortical gray matter and problem behaviors reported in children with oSDB.
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Grants
- U01 DA041174 NIDA NIH HHS
- U01 DA041048 NIDA NIH HHS
- U01 DA041156 NIDA NIH HHS
- U01 DA041093 NIDA NIH HHS
- U01 DA041106 NIDA NIH HHS
- U01 DA050989 NIDA NIH HHS
- U01 DA041089 NIDA NIH HHS
- U01 DA050988 NIDA NIH HHS
- U01 DA041028 NIDA NIH HHS
- U01 DA041134 NIDA NIH HHS
- U24 DA041147 NIDA NIH HHS
- U01 DA050987 NIDA NIH HHS
- P50 DA046346 NIDA NIH HHS
- U01 DA041022 NIDA NIH HHS
- U01 DA041025 NIDA NIH HHS
- U01 DA051037 NIDA NIH HHS
- U01 DA051016 NIDA NIH HHS
- U01 DA041148 NIDA NIH HHS
- U24 DA041123 NIDA NIH HHS
- U01 DA041120 NIDA NIH HHS
- U01 DA051039 NIDA NIH HHS
- U01 DA051018 NIDA NIH HHS
- U01 DA051038 NIDA NIH HHS
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- The ABCD Study is supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and additional federal partners under award numbers U01DA041022, U01DA041028, U01DA041048, U01DA041089, U01DA041106, U01DA041117, U01DA041120, U01DA041134, U01DA041148, U01DA041156, U01DA041174, U24DA041123, U24DA041147, U01DA041093, and U01DA041025. A full list of supporters is available at https://abcdstudy.org/federal-partners.html. A listing of participating sites and a complete listing of the study investigators can be found at https://abcdstudy.org/Consortium_Members.pdf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Isaiah
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Thomas Ernst
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christine C Cloak
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Duncan B Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Linda Chang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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46
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David CV, Redekopp C, Fay-McClymont TB, MacAllister WS. Emotional functioning in pediatric epilepsy: Evidence of greater externalizing behavior with left hemisphere onset. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 117:107851. [PMID: 33640564 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.107851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Though it is wellknown that psychiatric concerns are common in children with epilepsy, factors predicting such problems are not well understood. The present investigation studied rates of parent-reported psychological concerns in clinically referred children with epilepsy. Further, it investigated differences in psychological distress across epilepsy subtypes (i.e., focal, generalized, mixed), relationships with epilepsy severity variables, gender, and lateralization of seizure foci. The parents of 170 children and adolescents (ages 6-18 years, 78 girls, 92 boys) completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Scale elevation frequencies (T-scores ≥ 65) were calculated and Chi square analyses examined rates of elevations between epilepsy groups. Internalizing problems (32.4%) were more common than externalizing problems (17.1%) for the sample, with attention problems being the most common concern across all epilepsy types (48.8%). While there were no significant relationships between epilepsy severity variables and CBCL broadband scales, the Total Problems scale was inversely related to intellectual functioning (r = -0.174, p = 0.023). Rates of anxiety and depression did not differ across epilepsy subtypes and no gender differences were found. Those with left-sided epilepsy had higher rates of externalizing problems (33.2%) than those with right (14.0%; χ2[1, 88] = 4.55, p = 0.03), with rule-breaking behaviors (15.4%) being more common in left-hemisphere epilepsy (15.4% versus 2.3%; χ2[1,88] = 4.66, p = 0.03). In summary, while no significant differences were found across epilepsy groups, the current study adds to the literature regarding lateralization effects and mood/behavior, with more externalizing problems in those with left hemisphere epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire V David
- Neuropsychology Service, Alberta Children's Hospital, 28 Oki Drive, Calgary, AB T3B6A8, Canada.
| | - Carlie Redekopp
- Neuropsychology Service, Alberta Children's Hospital, 28 Oki Drive, Calgary, AB T3B6A8, Canada.
| | - Taryn B Fay-McClymont
- Neuropsychology Service, Alberta Children's Hospital, 28 Oki Drive, Calgary, AB T3B6A8, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, Calgary, AB T2N1N4, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, 28 Oki Drive, Calgary, AB T3B6A8, Canada.
| | - William S MacAllister
- Neuropsychology Service, Alberta Children's Hospital, 28 Oki Drive, Calgary, AB T3B6A8, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, Calgary, AB T2N1N4, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, 28 Oki Drive, Calgary, AB T3B6A8, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, Calgary, AB T2N1N4, Canada.
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47
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Zendarski N, Mensah F, Hiscock H, Sciberras E. Trajectories of Emotional and Conduct Problems and Their Association With Early High School Achievement and Engagement for Adolescents With ADHD. J Atten Disord 2021; 25:623-635. [PMID: 30832528 DOI: 10.1177/1087054719833167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to (a) identify longitudinal trajectories of emotional and conduct problems from middle childhood to early adolescence in a sample of 130 adolescents diagnosed with ADHD and (b) examine trajectories in relation to early adolescent academic achievement and engagement. Method: Group-based trajectory models (GBTMs) were constructed from the parent-rated strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) subscales of emotional and conduct problems at three time points, mean ages 10.7 years, 11.6 years, and 13.7 years. Associations between trajectories and adolescent academic achievement and engagement were examined using multivariate regression. Results: Four distinct trajectories were identified within each domain. High-persistent problem trajectories in each domain were associated with poorer achievement and lower school engagement compared with adolescents following persistent-low problem trajectories. Conclusion: Findings highlight the importance of early assessment and management of comorbid emotional and conduct problems for children with ADHD as they predict school difficulties during early high school. (J. of Att. Dis. XXXX; XX(X) XX-XX).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nardia Zendarski
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fiona Mensah
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harriet Hiscock
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma Sciberras
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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48
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Batra A, Hamad R. Short-term effects of the earned income tax credit on children's physical and mental health. Ann Epidemiol 2021; 58:15-21. [PMID: 33621630 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Child poverty is associated with worsened health, although there is limited research on whether U.S. poverty alleviation policies improve children's health. We examined the short-term effects of the earned income tax credit (EITC), among the largest U.S. poverty alleviation programs, on children's food insecurity, weight status, and mental health. METHODS Using data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS, 1998-2016), we examined the effects of the EITC using a quasi-experimental difference-in-differences methodology. About 90% of EITC-eligible individuals receive tax refunds in February-April, while NHIS interviews occur throughout the year. We took advantage of this timing of refund receipt to compare EITC-eligible families interviewed in February-April with those interviewed in the other months, "differencing out" seasonal trends in outcomes among noneligible families. Analyses involved multivariable linear regressions. RESULTS We found that food insecurity decreased in the months following EITC refund receipt, with no effects for weight status or mental health. Results were robust to alternative specifications. CONCLUSION While these findings suggest that food insecurity among vulnerable children was reduced immediately after EITC refund receipt, this also means that the EITC may contribute to cyclical food insecurity. Policies to enhance income stability may be one solution to address these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akansha Batra
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
| | - Rita Hamad
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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49
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Farkas C, Girard LC, MacBeth A. Predictors of emotional problems in 5-year-old children: an international comparison between two cohorts in Chile and Scotland. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01336-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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50
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Jones KM, Ameratunga S, Starkey NJ, Theadom A, Barker-Collo S, Ikeda T, Feigin VL. Psychosocial functioning at 4-years after pediatric mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2021; 35:416-425. [PMID: 33539250 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2021.1878553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Behavioral and emotional difficulties are reported following pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). But few studies have used a broad conceptual approach to examine children's long-term psychosocial outcomes. This study examines children's psychosocial outcomes at 4-years after mild TBI and associated factors.Methods: Parents of 93 children (<16 years) with mild TBI completed subscales of age-appropriate versions of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, and the Adolescent Scale of Participation questionnaire at 4-years post-injury.Results: Mean group-level scores were statistically significantly higher for hyperactivity/inattention and lower for emotional functioning than published norms. Levels of participation were greater compared to those observed in normative samples. More than 19% met published criteria for clinically significant hyperactivity/inattention, emotional functioning problems, peer relationship problems, and social functioning difficulties. Lower family socio-economic status and greater parental anxiety and depression were associated with overall psychosocial difficulties.Conclusions: Findings indicate that as a group, children with mild TBI are characterized by elevated rates of behavioral, emotional, and social difficulties at 4-years post-injury. Parent mental health may be an untapped opportunity to support children's psychosocial development following mild TBI, with replication required in larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Jones
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shanthi Ameratunga
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicola J Starkey
- School of Psychology, Division of Arts, Law, Psychology & Social Sciences, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Alice Theadom
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Takayoshi Ikeda
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Valery L Feigin
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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