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Terrett JA, Ly JQ, Katavolos P, Hasselgren C, Laing S, Zhong F, Villemure E, Déry M, Larouche-Gauthier R, Chen H, Shore DG, Lee WP, Suto E, Johnson K, Brooks M, Stablein A, Beaumier F, Constantineau-Forget L, Grand-Maître C, Lépissier L, Ciblat S, Sturino C, Chen Y, Hu B, Elstrott J, Gandham V, Joseph V, Booler H, Cain G, Chou C, Fullerton A, Lepherd M, Stainton S, Torres E, Urban K, Yu L, Zhong Y, Bao L, Chou KJ, Lin J, Zhang W, La H, Liu L, Mulder T, Chen J, Chernov-Rogan T, Johnson AR, Hackos DH, Leahey R, Shields SD, Balestrini A, Riol-Blanco L, Safina BS, Volgraf M, Magnuson S, Kakiuchi-Kiyota S. Discovery of TRPA1 Antagonist GDC-6599: Derisking Preclinical Toxicity and Aldehyde Oxidase Metabolism with a Potential First-in-Class Therapy for Respiratory Disease. J Med Chem 2024; 67:3287-3306. [PMID: 38431835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is a nonselective calcium ion channel highly expressed in the primary sensory neurons, functioning as a polymodal sensor for exogenous and endogenous stimuli, and has been implicated in neuropathic pain and respiratory disease. Herein, we describe the optimization of potent, selective, and orally bioavailable TRPA1 small molecule antagonists with strong in vivo target engagement in rodent models. Several lead molecules in preclinical single- and short-term repeat-dose toxicity studies exhibited profound prolongation of coagulation parameters. Based on a thorough investigative toxicology and clinical pathology analysis, anticoagulation effects in vivo are hypothesized to be manifested by a metabolite─generated by aldehyde oxidase (AO)─possessing a similar pharmacophore to known anticoagulants (i.e., coumarins, indandiones). Further optimization to block AO-mediated metabolism yielded compounds that ameliorated coagulation effects in vivo, resulting in the discovery and advancement of clinical candidate GDC-6599, currently in Phase II clinical trials for respiratory indications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin Déry
- Paraza Pharma, Incorporated, 2525 Avenue Marie-Curie, Montreal, Quebec H4S 2E1, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marjory Brooks
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Alyssa Stablein
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Francis Beaumier
- Paraza Pharma, Incorporated, 2525 Avenue Marie-Curie, Montreal, Quebec H4S 2E1, Canada
| | | | - Chantal Grand-Maître
- Paraza Pharma, Incorporated, 2525 Avenue Marie-Curie, Montreal, Quebec H4S 2E1, Canada
| | - Luce Lépissier
- Paraza Pharma, Incorporated, 2525 Avenue Marie-Curie, Montreal, Quebec H4S 2E1, Canada
| | - Stéphane Ciblat
- Paraza Pharma, Incorporated, 2525 Avenue Marie-Curie, Montreal, Quebec H4S 2E1, Canada
| | - Claudio Sturino
- Paraza Pharma, Incorporated, 2525 Avenue Marie-Curie, Montreal, Quebec H4S 2E1, Canada
| | - Yong Chen
- Pharmaron-Beijing Company Limited, 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Baihua Hu
- Pharmaron-Beijing Company Limited, 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
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Huang J, Korsunsky A, Yazdani M, Chen J. Targeting TRP channels: recent advances in structure, ligand binding, and molecular mechanisms. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 16:1334370. [PMID: 38273937 PMCID: PMC10808746 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1334370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are a large and diverse family of transmembrane ion channels that are widely expressed, have important physiological roles, and are associated with many human diseases. These proteins are actively pursued as promising drug targets, benefitting greatly from advances in structural and mechanistic studies of TRP channels. At the same time, the complex, polymodal activation and regulation of TRP channels have presented formidable challenges. In this short review, we summarize recent progresses toward understanding the structural basis of TRP channel function, as well as potential ligand binding sites that could be targeted for therapeutics. A particular focus is on the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of TRP channel activation and regulation, where many fundamental questions remain unanswered. We believe that a deeper understanding of the functional mechanisms of TRP channels will be critical and likely transformative toward developing successful therapeutic strategies targeting these exciting proteins. This endeavor will require concerted efforts from computation, structural biology, medicinal chemistry, electrophysiology, pharmacology, drug safety and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Aron Korsunsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Mahdieh Yazdani
- Modeling and Informatics, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, United States
| | - Jianhan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
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Stinson RJ, Morice AH, Sadofsky LR. Modulation of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels by plant derived substances used in over-the-counter cough and cold remedies. Respir Res 2023; 24:45. [PMID: 36755306 PMCID: PMC9907891 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02347-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) impact all age groups and have a significant economic and social burden on society, worldwide. Most URTIs are mild and self-limiting, but due to the wide range of possible causative agents, including Rhinovirus (hRV), Adenovirus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Coronavirus and Influenza, there is no single and effective treatment. Over-the-counter (OTC) remedies, including traditional medicines and those containing plant derived substances, help to alleviate symptoms including inflammation, pain, fever and cough. PURPOSE This systematic review focuses on the role of the major plant derived substances in several OTC remedies used to treat cold symptoms, with a particular focus on the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels involved in pain and cough. METHODS Literature searches were done using Pubmed and Web of Science, with no date limitations, using the principles of the PRISMA statement. The search terms used were 'TRP channel AND plant compound', 'cough AND plant compound', 'cough AND TRP channels AND plant compound', 'cough AND P2X3 AND plant compound' and 'P2X3 AND plant compound' where plant compound represents menthol or camphor or eucalyptus or turpentine or thymol. RESULTS The literature reviewed showed that menthol activates TRPM8 and may inhibit respiratory reflexes reducing irritation and cough. Menthol has a bimodal action on TRPA1, but inhibition may have an analgesic effect. Eucalyptus also activates TRPM8 and inhibits TRPA1 whilst down regulating P2X3, aiding in the reduction of cough, pain and airway irritation. Camphor inhibits TRPA1 and the activation of TRPM8 may add to the effects of menthol. Activation of TRPV1 by camphor, may also have an analgesic effect. CONCLUSIONS The literature suggests that these plant derived substances have multifaceted actions and can interact with the TRP 'cough' receptors. The plant derived substances used in cough and cold medicines have the potential to target multiple symptoms experienced during a cold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Stinson
- grid.9481.40000 0004 0412 8669Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, The University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX UK
| | - Alyn H. Morice
- grid.413631.20000 0000 9468 0801Clinical Sciences Centre, Hull York Medical School, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, Hull, HU16 5JQ UK
| | - Laura R. Sadofsky
- grid.9481.40000 0004 0412 8669Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, The University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX UK
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Wang X, Sun Y, Wang Q, Liu F, Yang W, Sui X, Yang J, Zhang M, Wang S, Xiao Z, Luo Y, Wang Y, Zhu T. Potential Common Mechanisms of Cytotoxicity Induced by Amide Herbicides via TRPA1 Channel Activation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137985. [PMID: 35805655 PMCID: PMC9266004 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The “Multi-Threat Medical Countermeasure (MTMC)” strategy was proposed to develop a single drug with therapeutic efficacy against multiple pathologies or broad-spectrum protection against various toxins with common biochemical signals, molecular mediators, or cellular processes. This study demonstrated that cytotoxicity, expression of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 (TRPA1) mRNA, and intracellular calcium influx were increased in A549 cells exposed to amide herbicides (AHs), in which the order of cytotoxicity was metolachlor > acetochlor > propisochlor > alachlor > butachlor > propanil > pretilachlor, based on IC50 values of 430, 524, 564, 565, 619, 831, and 2333 μM, respectively. Inhibition/knockout of TRPA1 efficiently protected against cytotoxicity, decreased TRPA1 mRNA expression, and reduced calcium influx. The results suggested that the TRPA1 channel could be a key common target for AHs poisoning. The order of TRPA1 affinity for AHs was propanil > pretilachlor > metolachlor > (propiso/ala/aceto/butachlor), based on KD values of 16.2, 309, and 364 μM, respectively. The common molecular mechanisms of TRPA1-AHs interactions were clarified, including toxicity-effector groups (benzene ring, nitrogen/oxygen-containing functional groups, halogen) and residues involved in interactions (Lys787, Leu982). This work provides valuable information for the development of TRPA1 as a promising therapeutic target for broad-spectrum antitoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Wang
- Institute of Process Equipment and Environmental Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Y.S.); (Q.W.); (F.L.); (W.Y.); (X.S.); (J.Y.); (M.Z.); (S.W.); (Z.X.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yangyang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Y.S.); (Q.W.); (F.L.); (W.Y.); (X.S.); (J.Y.); (M.Z.); (S.W.); (Z.X.); (Y.W.)
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Y.S.); (Q.W.); (F.L.); (W.Y.); (X.S.); (J.Y.); (M.Z.); (S.W.); (Z.X.); (Y.W.)
| | - Fengying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Y.S.); (Q.W.); (F.L.); (W.Y.); (X.S.); (J.Y.); (M.Z.); (S.W.); (Z.X.); (Y.W.)
| | - Weijie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Y.S.); (Q.W.); (F.L.); (W.Y.); (X.S.); (J.Y.); (M.Z.); (S.W.); (Z.X.); (Y.W.)
| | - Xin Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Y.S.); (Q.W.); (F.L.); (W.Y.); (X.S.); (J.Y.); (M.Z.); (S.W.); (Z.X.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Y.S.); (Q.W.); (F.L.); (W.Y.); (X.S.); (J.Y.); (M.Z.); (S.W.); (Z.X.); (Y.W.)
| | - Minmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Y.S.); (Q.W.); (F.L.); (W.Y.); (X.S.); (J.Y.); (M.Z.); (S.W.); (Z.X.); (Y.W.)
| | - Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Y.S.); (Q.W.); (F.L.); (W.Y.); (X.S.); (J.Y.); (M.Z.); (S.W.); (Z.X.); (Y.W.)
| | - Zhenyu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Y.S.); (Q.W.); (F.L.); (W.Y.); (X.S.); (J.Y.); (M.Z.); (S.W.); (Z.X.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Y.S.); (Q.W.); (F.L.); (W.Y.); (X.S.); (J.Y.); (M.Z.); (S.W.); (Z.X.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (T.Z.); Tel.: +86-10-66930602 (Y.L.); +86-13940281581 (T.Z.)
| | - Yongan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (Y.S.); (Q.W.); (F.L.); (W.Y.); (X.S.); (J.Y.); (M.Z.); (S.W.); (Z.X.); (Y.W.)
| | - Tong Zhu
- Institute of Process Equipment and Environmental Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (T.Z.); Tel.: +86-10-66930602 (Y.L.); +86-13940281581 (T.Z.)
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Romanova J, Rydlovskaya A, Mochalov S, Proskurina O, Gorokh Y, Nebolsin V. The Effect of Anti-Chemokine Oral Drug XC8 on Cough Triggered by The Agonists of TRPA1 But Not TRPV1 Channels in Guinea Pigs. Pulm Ther 2022; 8:105-122. [PMID: 35133638 PMCID: PMC8824739 DOI: 10.1007/s41030-022-00183-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic cough heavily affects patients’ quality of life, and there are no effective licensed therapies available. Cough is a complication of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, asthma, and other diseases. Patients with various diseases have a different profile of tussive responses to diverse cough triggers, thereby suggesting sundry mechanisms of neuronal dysfunctions. Previously, we demonstrated that the small molecule drug XC8 shows a clinical anti-asthmatic effect. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of XC8 on cough. Methods We studied the antitussive effect of XC8 on cough induced by agonists activating human transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels TRPA1 or TRPV1 in guinea pigs. We checked the agonistic/antagonistic activity of XC8 on the human cation channels TRPA1, TRPV1, TRPM8, P2X purinoceptor 2 (P2X2), and human acid sensing ion channel 3 (hASIC3) in Fluorescent Imaging Plate Reader (FLIPR) assay. Results XC8 demonstrated clear antitussive activity and dose-dependently inhibited cough in guinea pigs induced by citric acid alone (up to 67.1%) or in combination with IFN-γ (up to 76.4%). XC8 suppressed cough reflexes induced by the repeated inhalation of citric acid (up to 80%) or by cinnamaldehyde (up to 60%). No activity of XC8 against cough evoked by capsaicin was revealed. No direct agonistic/antagonistic activity of XC8 on human TRPA1, TRPV1, TRPM8, P2X2, or hASIC3 was detected. Conclusions XC8 acts against cough evoked by the activation of TRPA1 (citric acid/cinnamaldehyde) but not TRPV1 (capsaicin) channels. XC8 inhibits the cough reflex and suppresses the cough potentiation by IFN-γ. XC8 might be of significant therapeutic value for patients suffering from chronic cough associated with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Romanova
- Pharmenterprises LLC, 42 Bolshoj Blvd., Building 1, office 771, 772, Skolkovo Innovation Centre, Moscow, 121205, Russian Federation.
| | - Anastasia Rydlovskaya
- Pharmenterprises LLC, 42 Bolshoj Blvd., Building 1, office 771, 772, Skolkovo Innovation Centre, Moscow, 121205, Russian Federation
| | - Stepan Mochalov
- Pharmenterprises LLC, 42 Bolshoj Blvd., Building 1, office 771, 772, Skolkovo Innovation Centre, Moscow, 121205, Russian Federation
| | - Oxana Proskurina
- Pharmenterprises LLC, 42 Bolshoj Blvd., Building 1, office 771, 772, Skolkovo Innovation Centre, Moscow, 121205, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia Gorokh
- Pharmenterprises LLC, 42 Bolshoj Blvd., Building 1, office 771, 772, Skolkovo Innovation Centre, Moscow, 121205, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Nebolsin
- Pharmenterprises LLC, 42 Bolshoj Blvd., Building 1, office 771, 772, Skolkovo Innovation Centre, Moscow, 121205, Russian Federation
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Kamei J. [Recent Findings on the Mechanism of Cough Hypersensitivity as a Cause of Chronic Cough]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2021; 141:1333-1342. [PMID: 34853206 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.21-00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of patients complain to medical institutions about a cough that persists for more than 8 weeks, namely chronic cough. The cough observed in patients with chronic cough is not responsive to conventional antitussive agents such as dihydrocodeine and dextromethorphan, and this is a major clinical problem. The most common pathology of chronic cough in Japan is dry cough. Two causes of dry cough are increased sensitivity of cough receptors (cough hypersensitivity) and increased contraction of bronchial smooth muscle. Among these, the mechanisms of cough hypersensitivity are diverse, and understanding these mechanisms is important for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic cough. In this paper I will review the regulatory mechanisms of cough hypersensitivity, especially the regulation of Aδ fiber excitability by C fibers. Furthermore, the central mechanisms involved cough reflex are discussed in relation to central acting antitussives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzo Kamei
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University
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Advances in TRP channel drug discovery: from target validation to clinical studies. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 21:41-59. [PMID: 34526696 PMCID: PMC8442523 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00268-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are multifunctional signalling molecules with many roles in sensory perception and cellular physiology. Therefore, it is not surprising that TRP channels have been implicated in numerous diseases, including hereditary disorders caused by defects in genes encoding TRP channels (TRP channelopathies). Most TRP channels are located at the cell surface, which makes them generally accessible drug targets. Early drug discovery efforts to target TRP channels focused on pain, but as our knowledge of TRP channels and their role in health and disease has grown, these efforts have expanded into new clinical indications, ranging from respiratory disorders through neurological and psychiatric diseases to diabetes and cancer. In this Review, we discuss recent findings in TRP channel structural biology that can affect both drug development and clinical indications. We also discuss the clinical promise of novel TRP channel modulators, aimed at both established and emerging targets. Last, we address the challenges that these compounds may face in clinical practice, including the need for carefully targeted approaches to minimize potential side-effects due to the multifunctional roles of TRP channels.
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Sun YB, Liu M, Fan XS, Zhou LP, Li MW, Hu FY, Yue QF, Zhang YM. Effects of cigarette smoke on the aggravation of ovalbumin-induced asthma and the expressions of TRPA1 and tight junctions in mice. Mol Immunol 2021; 135:62-72. [PMID: 33873095 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of asthma is closely related to environmental factors such as cigarette smoke (CS), one of the common risk factors. Environmental stimuli have the potential to activate transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and cause or aggravate asthma. The destruction of tight junctions (TJs) between airway epithelial cells by environmental stimuli in asthma has been researched. It is worth exploring whether CS can injury TJs and aggravate asthma by activating TRPA1. The objective of this study was to investigate the aggravation of CS on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma related phenotypes and TJs expression in mice, and to explore the relationship between TRPA1 and the expression of TJs protein. Female wild type (WT) C57BL/6 mice, induced by OVA, CS and OVA plus CS (OVA + CS) respectively, were used to establish a 42-day asthma model, and mice with TRPA1 knockout (TRPA1-/-) were treated in the same way. This study detected the number of inflammatory cells in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), the levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in BALF, enhanced pause (Penh) of lung function, pathological changes and the gene and protein expressions of TRPA1 and TJs (including ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-2) in lung tissues. Compared with normal saline (NS) group, WT mice in the OVA group and OVA + CS group were significantly higher in asthma related phenotypes. The WT-OVA + CS group also showed higher Penh value, levels of IL-5 and IL-13 in BALF and lung tissue injury scores when compared with the WT-OVA group and WT-CS group. However, WT-OVA + CS group mice had significantly larger number of neutrophils in BALF than the WT-OVA group, and had larger number of eosinophils in peripheral blood and higher levels of IL-4 in BALF than the WT-CS group. Meanwhile, compared with the WT-NS group, the expressions of TRPA1 and Claudin-2 in lung tissues increased in other three groups while their expressions of ZO-1 and Occludin decreased, among which, the WT-OVA + CS group showed more remarkable changes. Compared with the WT-OVA + CS group, mice in the TRPA1-/--OVA + CS showed a significant decrease in the number of inflammatory cells, levels of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in BALF, Penh value and lung tissue injury score, and a downregulation of Claudin-2 expression while an upregulation of ZO-1 and Occludin expressions. In addition, the airway inflammation and injury, and the expressions of ZO-1, Occluding and Claudin-2 expressions were found with no statistic differences between TRPA1-/--OVA group and TRPA1-/--OVA + CS group. These results suggest that CS has aggravated the airway inflammation, pathological damage and destruction of TJs in airway epithelium of OVA-induced asthmatic mice, the processes of which are related to the increase of TRPA1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Bo Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mo Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin-Sheng Fan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Li-Ping Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meng-Wen Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qin-Fei Yue
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi-Ming Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
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Cui X, Chen W, Zhou H, Gong Y, Zhu B, Lv X, Guo H, Duan J, Zhou J, Marcon E, Ma H. Pulmonary Edema in COVID-19 Patients: Mechanisms and Treatment Potential. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:664349. [PMID: 34163357 PMCID: PMC8215379 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.664349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 mortality is primarily driven by abnormal alveolar fluid metabolism of the lung, leading to fluid accumulation in the alveolar airspace. This condition is generally referred to as pulmonary edema and is a direct consequence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. There are multiple potential mechanisms leading to pulmonary edema in severe Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) patients and understanding of those mechanisms may enable proper management of this condition. Here, we provide a perspective on abnormal lung humoral metabolism of pulmonary edema in COVID-19 patients, review the mechanisms by which pulmonary edema may be induced in COVID-19 patients, and propose putative drug targets that may be of use in treating COVID-19. Among the currently pursued therapeutic strategies against COVID-19, little attention has been paid to abnormal lung humoral metabolism. Perplexingly, successful balance of lung humoral metabolism may lead to the reduction of the number of COVID-19 death limiting the possibility of healthcare services with insufficient capacity to provide ventilator-assisted respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Cui
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wuyue Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoyan Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Gong
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bowen Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Lv
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbo Guo
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jinao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Edyta Marcon
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hongyue Ma
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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10
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Terrett JA, Chen H, Shore DG, Villemure E, Larouche-Gauthier R, Déry M, Beaumier F, Constantineau-Forget L, Grand-Maître C, Lépissier L, Ciblat S, Sturino C, Chen Y, Hu B, Lu A, Wang Y, Cridland AP, Ward SI, Hackos DH, Reese RM, Shields SD, Chen J, Balestrini A, Riol-Blanco L, Lee WP, Liu J, Suto E, Wu X, Zhang J, Ly JQ, La H, Johnson K, Baumgardner M, Chou KJ, Rohou A, Rougé L, Safina BS, Magnuson S, Volgraf M. Tetrahydrofuran-Based Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) Antagonists: Ligand-Based Discovery, Activity in a Rodent Asthma Model, and Mechanism-of-Action via Cryogenic Electron Microscopy. J Med Chem 2021; 64:3843-3869. [PMID: 33749283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is a nonselective calcium-permeable ion channel highly expressed in the primary sensory neurons functioning as a polymodal sensor for exogenous and endogenous stimuli and has generated widespread interest as a target for inhibition due to its implication in neuropathic pain and respiratory disease. Herein, we describe the optimization of a series of potent, selective, and orally bioavailable TRPA1 small molecule antagonists, leading to the discovery of a novel tetrahydrofuran-based linker. Given the balance of physicochemical properties and strong in vivo target engagement in a rat AITC-induced pain assay, compound 20 was progressed into a guinea pig ovalbumin asthma model where it exhibited significant dose-dependent reduction of inflammatory response. Furthermore, the structure of the TRPA1 channel bound to compound 21 was determined via cryogenic electron microscopy to a resolution of 3 Å, revealing the binding site and mechanism of action for this class of antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A Terrett
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Huifen Chen
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Daniel G Shore
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Elisia Villemure
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Martin Déry
- Paraza Pharma, Inc. 2525 Avenue Marie-Curie, Montreal, Quebec H4S 2E1, Canada
| | - Francis Beaumier
- Paraza Pharma, Inc. 2525 Avenue Marie-Curie, Montreal, Quebec H4S 2E1, Canada
| | | | | | - Luce Lépissier
- Paraza Pharma, Inc. 2525 Avenue Marie-Curie, Montreal, Quebec H4S 2E1, Canada
| | - Stéphane Ciblat
- Paraza Pharma, Inc. 2525 Avenue Marie-Curie, Montreal, Quebec H4S 2E1, Canada
| | - Claudio Sturino
- Paraza Pharma, Inc. 2525 Avenue Marie-Curie, Montreal, Quebec H4S 2E1, Canada
| | - Yong Chen
- Pharmaron-Beijing Co. Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Baihua Hu
- Pharmaron-Beijing Co. Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Aijun Lu
- Pharmaron-Beijing Co. Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Yunli Wang
- Pharmaron-Beijing Co. Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Andrew P Cridland
- Charles River Laboratories, 8/9 Spire Green Centre, Flex Meadow, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart I Ward
- Charles River Laboratories, 8/9 Spire Green Centre, Flex Meadow, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - David H Hackos
- Department of Neurosciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rebecca M Reese
- Department of Neurosciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Shannon D Shields
- Department of Neurosciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Alessia Balestrini
- Department of Discovery Immunology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lorena Riol-Blanco
- Department of Discovery Immunology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Wyne P Lee
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - John Liu
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Eric Suto
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Xiumin Wu
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Justin Q Ly
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hank La
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kevin Johnson
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Matt Baumgardner
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kang-Jye Chou
- Department of Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Alexis Rohou
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lionel Rougé
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Brian S Safina
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Steven Magnuson
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Matthew Volgraf
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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11
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Bahia PK, Taylor-Clark TE. Differential sensitivity of cinnamaldehyde-evoked calcium fluxes to ruthenium red in guinea pig and mouse trigeminal sensory neurons. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:127. [PMID: 33827677 PMCID: PMC8028702 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is an excitatory ion channel expressed on a subset of sensory neurons. TRPA1 is activated by a host of noxious stimuli including pollutants, irritants, oxidative stress and inflammation, and is thought to play an important role in nociception and pain perception. TRPA1 is therefore a therapeutic target for diseases with nociceptive sensory signaling components. TRPA1 orthologs have been shown to have differential sensitivity to certain ligands. Cinnamaldehyde has previously been shown to activate sensory neurons via the selective gating of TRPA1. Here, we tested the sensitivity of cinnamaldehyde-evoked responses in mouse and guinea pig sensory neurons to the pore blocker ruthenium red (RuR). Results Cinnamaldehyde, the canonical TRPA1-selective agonist, caused robust calcium fluxes in trigeminal neurons dissociated from both mice and guinea pigs. RuR effectively inhibited cinnamaldehyde-evoked responses in mouse neurons at 30 nM, with complete block seen with 3 μM. In contrast, responses in guinea pig neurons were only partially inhibited by 3 μM RuR. We conclude that RuR has a decreased affinity for guinea pig TRPA1 compared to mouse TRPA1. This study provides further evidence of differences in ligand affinity for TRPA1 in animal models relevant for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmvir K Bahia
- Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Thomas E Taylor-Clark
- Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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12
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Plevkova J, Brozmanova M, Matloobi A, Poliacek I, Honetschlager J, Buday T. Animal models of cough. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2021; 290:103656. [PMID: 33781930 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2021.103656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cough is a vital airway reflex that keeps the respiratory tract wisely protected. It is also a sign of many diseases of the respiratory system and it may become a disease in its own right. Even though the efficacy of antitussive compounds is extensively studied in animal models with promising results, the treatment of pathological cough in humans is insufficient at the moment. The limited translational potential of animal models used to study cough causes, mechanisms and possible therapeutic targets stems from multiple sources. First of all, cough induced in the laboratory by mechanical or chemical stimuli is far from natural cough present in human disease. The main objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of animal models currently used in cough research and to address their advantages and disadvantages. We also want to encourage cough researchers to call for precision is research by addressing the sex bias which has existed in basic cough research for decades and discuss the role of specific pathogen-free (SPF) animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Plevkova
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Department of Pathophysiology, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Mariana Brozmanova
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Department of Pathophysiology, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Alireza Matloobi
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Department of Pathophysiology, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Poliacek
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Department of Biophysics, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jan Honetschlager
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Buday
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Department of Pathophysiology, Martin, Slovakia.
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13
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Maglie R, Souza Monteiro de Araujo D, Antiga E, Geppetti P, Nassini R, De Logu F. The Role of TRPA1 in Skin Physiology and Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3065. [PMID: 33802836 PMCID: PMC8002674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), a member of the TRP superfamily of channels, acts as 'polymodal cellular sensor' on primary sensory neurons where it mediates the peripheral and central processing of pain, itch, and thermal sensation. However, the TRPA1 expression extends far beyond the sensory nerves. In recent years, much attention has been paid to its expression and function in non-neuronal cell types including skin cells, such as keratinocytes, melanocytes, mast cells, dendritic cells, and endothelial cells. TRPA1 seems critically involved in a series of physiological skin functions, including formation and maintenance of physico-chemical skin barriers, skin cells, and tissue growth and differentiation. TRPA1 appears to be implicated in mechanistic processes in various immunological inflammatory diseases and cancers of the skin, such as atopic and allergic contact dermatitis, psoriasis, bullous pemphigoid, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and melanoma. Here, we report recent findings on the implication of TRPA1 in skin physiology and pathophysiology. The potential use of TRPA1 antagonists in the treatment of inflammatory and immunological skin disorders will be also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Maglie
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (R.M.); (E.A.)
| | - Daniel Souza Monteiro de Araujo
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (D.S.M.d.A.); (P.G.); (F.D.L.)
| | - Emiliano Antiga
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (R.M.); (E.A.)
| | - Pierangelo Geppetti
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (D.S.M.d.A.); (P.G.); (F.D.L.)
| | - Romina Nassini
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (D.S.M.d.A.); (P.G.); (F.D.L.)
| | - Francesco De Logu
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (D.S.M.d.A.); (P.G.); (F.D.L.)
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14
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Jentsch Matias de Oliveira JR, Amorim MA, André E. The role of TRPA1 and TRPV4 channels in bronchoconstriction and plasma extravasation in airways of rats treated with captopril. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2021; 65:102004. [PMID: 33610768 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2021.102004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) may cause adverse airway events, such as cough and angioedema, due to a reduction in bradykinin breakdown and consequent activation of bradykinin type 2 receptor (B2 receptor). Recent studies have shown that bradykinin can also sensitize pro-inflammatory receptors such as the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), which are implicated in several inflammatory airway diseases. Based on these considerations, the aim of this study was to understand the role of TRPA1 and TRPV4 channels in the bronchoconstrictive response and plasma extravasation in the trachea of rats pretreated with captopril. Using methods to detect alterations in airway resistance and plasma extravasation, we found that intravenous (i.v.) administration of bradykinin (0.03-0.3 μmol/kg, B2 receptor agonist), allyl isothiocyanate (100-1000 μmol/kg, TRPA1 agonist) or GSK1016790A (0.01-0.1 μmol/kg, TRPV4 agonist), but not des-arg9-bradykinin (DABK; 100-300 μmol/kg, B1 receptor agonist), induced bronchoconstriction in anaesthetized rats. In doses that did not cause significant bronchoconstriction, bradykinin (0.03 μmol/kg) or allyl isothiocyanate (100 μmol/kg), but not GSK1016790A (0.01 μmol/kg) or DABK (300 μmol/kg) induced an increased bronchoconstrictive response in rats pretreated with captopril (2.5 mg/kg, i.v.). On the other hand, in rats pretreated with captopril (5 mg/kg, i.v.), an increased bronchoconstrictive response to GSK1016790A (0.01 μmol/kg) was observed. The bronchoconstrictive response induced by bradykinin in captopril-pretreated rats was inhibited by intratracheal treatment (i.t.) with HC030031 (300 μg/50 μl; 36 ± 9%) or HC067047 (300 μg/50 μl; 35.1 ± 16%), for TRPA1 and TRPV4 antagonists, respectively. However, the co-administration of both antagonists did not increase this inhibition. The bronchoconstriction induced by allyl isothiocyanate in captopril-pretreated rats (2.5 mg/kg) was inhibited (58.3 ± 8%) by the B2 receptor antagonist HOE140 (10 nmol/50 μl, i.t.). Similarly, the bronchoconstriction induced by GSK1016790A in captopril-pretreated rats (5 mg/kg) was also inhibited (84.2 ± 4%) by HOE140 (10 nmol/50 μl, i.t.). Furthermore, the plasma extravasation induced by captopril on the trachea of rats was inhibited by pretreatment with HC030031 (47.2 ± 8%) or HC067047 (38.9 ± 8%). Collectively, these findings support the hypothesis that TRPA1 and TRPV4, via a B2 receptor activation-dependent pathway, are involved in the plasma extravasation and bronchoconstriction induced by captopril, making them possible pharmacological targets to prevent or remediate ACEi-induced adverse respiratory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eunice André
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
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15
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van den Berg MPM, Nijboer-Brinksma S, Bos IST, van den Berge M, Lamb D, van Faassen M, Kema IP, Gosens R, Kistemaker LEM. The novel TRPA1 antagonist BI01305834 inhibits ovalbumin-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs. Respir Res 2021; 22:48. [PMID: 33557843 PMCID: PMC7871391 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01638-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease in which the nervous system plays a central role. Sensory nerve activation, amongst others via Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channels, contributes to asthma characteristics including cough, bronchoconstriction, mucus secretion, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation. In the current study, we evaluated the efficacy of the novel TRPA1 antagonist BI01305834 against AHR and inflammation in guinea-pig models of asthma. Methods First, a pilot study was performed in a guinea-pig model of allergic asthma to find the optimal dose of BI01305834. Next, the effect of BI01305834 on (1) AHR to inhaled histamine after the early and late asthmatic reaction (EAR and LAR), (2) magnitude of EAR and LAR and (3) airway inflammation was assessed. Precision-cut lung slices and trachea strips were used to investigate the bronchoprotective and bronchodilating-effect of BI01305834. Statistical evaluation of differences of in vivo data was performed using a Mann–Whitney U test or One-way nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA, for ex vivo data One- or Two-way ANOVA was used, all with Dunnett’s post-hoc test where appropriate. Results A dose of 1 mg/kg BI01305834 was selected based on AHR and exposure data in blood samples from the pilot study. In the subsequent study, 1 mg/kg BI01305834 inhibited AHR after the EAR, and the development of EAR and LAR elicited by ovalbumin in ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs. BI01305834 did not inhibit allergen-induced total and differential cells in the lavage fluid and interleukin-13 gene expression in lung homogenates. Furthermore, BI01305834 was able to inhibit allergen and histamine-induced airway narrowing in guinea-pig lung slices, without affecting histamine release, and reverse allergen-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea-pig trachea strips. Conclusions TRPA1 inhibition protects against AHR and the EAR and LAR in vivo and allergen and histamine-induced airway narrowing ex vivo, and reverses allergen-induced bronchoconstriction independently of inflammation. This effect was partially dependent upon histamine, suggesting a neuronal and possible non-neuronal role for TRPA1 in allergen-induced bronchoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariska P M van den Berg
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Nijboer-Brinksma
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - I Sophie T Bos
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - David Lamb
- Immunology + Respiratory, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Martijn van Faassen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ido P Kema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Loes E M Kistemaker
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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16
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Brozmanova M, Pavelkova N. The Prospect for Potent Sodium Voltage-Gated Channel Blockers to Relieve an Excessive Cough. Physiol Res 2021; 69:S7-S18. [PMID: 32228007 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An excessive, irritable, productive or non-productive coughing associated with airway inflammation belongs to pathological cough. Increased activation of airway vagal nociceptors in pathological conditions results from dysregulation of the neural pathway that controls cough. A variety of mediators associated with airway inflammation overstimulate these vagal airway fibers including C-fibers leading to hypersensitivity and hyperreactivity. Because current antitussives have limited efficacy and unwanted side effects there is a continual demand for the development of a novel more effective antitussives for a new efficacious and safe cough treatment. Therefore, inhibiting the activity of these vagal C-fibers represents a rational approach to the development of effective antitussive drugs. This may be achieved by blocking inflammatory mediator receptors or by blocking the generator potential associated with the specific ion channels. Because voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs) are absolutely required for action potentials initiation and conduction irrespective of the stimulus, NaVs become a promising neural target. There is evidence that NaV1.7, 1.8 and 1.9 subtypes are predominantly expressed in airway cough-triggering nerves. The advantage of blocking these NaVs is suppressing C-fiber irrespective to stimuli, but the disadvantage is that by suppressing the nerves is may also block beneficial sensations and neuronal reflex behavior. The concept is that new antitussive drugs would have the benefit of targeting peripheral airway nociceptors without inhibiting the protective cough reflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brozmanova
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia.
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17
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Taylor-Clark TE. Molecular identity, anatomy, gene expression and function of neural crest vs. placode-derived nociceptors in the lower airways. Neurosci Lett 2020; 742:135505. [PMID: 33197519 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The lower airways (larynx to alveoli) are protected by a complex array of neural networks that regulate respiration and airway function. Harmful stimuli trigger defensive responses such as apnea, cough and bronchospasm by activating a subpopulation of sensory afferent nerves (termed nociceptors) which are found throughout the airways. Airway nociceptive fibers are projected from the nodose vagal ganglia, the jugular vagal ganglia and the dorsal root ganglia, which are derived from distinct embryological sources: the former from the epibranchial placodes, the latter two from the neural crest. Embryological source determines nociceptive gene expression of receptors and neurotransmitters and recent evidence suggests that placode- and neural crest-derived nociceptors have distinct stimuli sensitivity, innervation patterns and functions. Improved understanding of the function of each subset in specific reflexes has substantial implications for therapeutic targeting of the neuronal components of airway disease such as asthma, viral infections and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Taylor-Clark
- Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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18
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Abstract
Cough sensitivity can be described as the reaction intensity of the cough reflex to different stimuli which activate chemically and mechanically sensitive vagal afferent nerves innervating airways and lungs. Measurement of cough reflex sensitivity plays an important role in revealing the underlying mechanisms of cough and evaluating the effects of pharmacological interventions. Besides, different responses to cough suppression therapies indicate the existence of cough hypersensitivity. In consideration of these factors stated above, cough sensitivity should therefore be assessed with a variety of cough challenge tests. Based on the neuroanatomical characteristics of the cough reflex, chemical challenge tests have been developed to objectively assess cough sensitivity. In cough inhalation challenges, capsaicin and citric acid are commonly used as the tussive agents to induce cough, which are validated for describing a profile of cough sensitivity to chemical irritants. Recently, mechanical methodologies have also been tried to measure the mechanical sensitivity of the cough reflex. Methodological consideration and selection are necessary for the reasonable assessment of cough sensitivity while employing cough challenges in clinical trials. Thus, in this review, we will focus on describing various methodologies of cough sensitivity measurement and, detailing some factors influencing on the accuracy of outcomes in the experimentally induced cough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglin Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Nanshan School of Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liman Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuxin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - S Dushinka Shaniya Helen de Silva
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,International College of Education, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruchong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kefang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Abstract
Air pollutants pose a serious worldwide health hazard, causing respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Pollutants perturb the autonomic nervous system, whose function is critical to cardiopulmonary homeostasis. Recent studies suggest that pollutants can stimulate defensive sensory nerves within the cardiopulmonary system, thus providing a possible mechanism for pollutant-induced autonomic dysfunction. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved would likely improve the management and treatment of pollution-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Taylor-Clark
- Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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20
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Xiong M, Guo M, Huang D, Li J, Zhou Y. TRPV1 genetic polymorphisms and risk of COPD or COPD combined with PH in the Han Chinese population. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:3066-3073. [PMID: 33103544 PMCID: PMC7714492 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1831246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
COPD is a common chronic disease with genetic predisposition. TRPV1 is mainly expressed in peripheral neuron which widely exists in entire respiratory tract. In present study, we aimed to study the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) and the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or COPD combined with pulmonary hypertension (PH) in Chinese Han population. A total of 1019 individuals, including 506 healthy volunteers and 513 COPD patients (150 patients combined with PH among them) were recruited in this study. Genomic DNA were extracted and sequenced. Genotype and allele frequencies of the TRPV1 SNPs among COPD, COPD combined with PH and control groups were compared. Then, the association of TRPV1 SNPs and smoking status were analyzed. Genotype frequencies of SNP rs3744683 had a significant difference in COPD patients with PH patients compared with control (p = 0.006) or COPD patients without PH patients (p = 0.016). Likewise, SNP rs3744683 was remarkedly associated with the risk of COPD (p = 0.004) in current-smoker groups which phenomenon was not observed in nonsmoker or former-smoker groups. Compared with the control group, there was a significant difference for the distribution of SNP rs4790521 alleles in the COPD group (p = 0.041). For further, logical regression analysis showed that SNP rs3744683 genotype of “TC” was a protective factor for PH in COPD patients compared with the genotype of “TT” (OR = 0.364, 95%CI = 0.159–0.829, p = 0.016). Our findings firstly revealed the relevance between TRPV1 SNPs and the risk for COPD/COPD combined with PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingmei Xiong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Meihua Guo
- Department of Respiration, Guangzhou Chest Hospital , Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongjian Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou, China
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21
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Silverman HA, Chen A, Kravatz NL, Chavan SS, Chang EH. Involvement of Neural Transient Receptor Potential Channels in Peripheral Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:590261. [PMID: 33193423 PMCID: PMC7645044 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.590261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are a superfamily of non-selective cation channels that act as polymodal sensors in many tissues throughout mammalian organisms. In the context of ion channels, they are unique for their broad diversity of activation mechanisms and their cation selectivity. TRP channels are involved in a diverse range of physiological processes including chemical sensing, nociception, and mediating cytokine release. They also play an important role in the regulation of inflammation through sensory function and the release of neuropeptides. In this review, we discuss the functional contribution of a subset of TRP channels (TRPV1, TRPV4, TRPM3, TRPM8, and TRPA1) that are involved in the body’s immune responses, particularly in relation to inflammation. We focus on these five TRP channels because, in addition to being expressed in many somatic cell types, these channels are also expressed on peripheral ganglia and nerves that innervate visceral organs and tissues throughout the body. Activation of these neural TRP channels enables crosstalk between neurons, immune cells, and epithelial cells to regulate a wide range of inflammatory actions. TRP channels act either through direct effects on cation levels or through indirect modulation of intracellular pathways to trigger pro- or anti-inflammatory mechanisms, depending on the inflammatory disease context. The expression of TRP channels on both neural and immune cells has made them an attractive drug target in diseases involving inflammation. Future work in this domain will likely yield important new pathways and therapies for the treatment of a broad range of disorders including colitis, dermatitis, sepsis, asthma, and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold A Silverman
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Adrian Chen
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Nigel L Kravatz
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Sangeeta S Chavan
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Eric H Chang
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
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22
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Grabczak EM, Dabrowska M, Birring SS, Krenke R. Looking ahead to novel therapies for chronic cough. Part 1 - peripheral sensory nerve targeted treatments. Expert Rev Respir Med 2020; 14:1217-1233. [PMID: 32804594 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2020.1811686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to a relatively high prevalence and negative impact on quality of life chronic cough (CC) is a challenge for both patients and clinicians. There is ongoing research to address the unmet need and develop more effective antitussive treatment options. This is the first part of a series of two reviews of new antitussive medications. Medical databases (Medline, Embase and SCOPUS) and trial registries (ClinicalTrials.gov and EudraCT) were searched for studies on antitussive drugs targeting peripheral sensory nerves. AREAS COVERED This review presents current knowledge of peripheral receptors that are not only involved in evoking the cough reflex, but are also potentially responsible for more sustained neural alterations. Blockage of the receptors and ion channels is discussed in terms of its potential antitussive effect. EXPERT OPINION Although better understanding of CC mechanisms has facilitated the development of novel treatments including P2X2/3 receptor inhibitors (e.g. gefapixant), there remain several gaps in the knowledge about the mechanisms and treatment of CC. These include the lack of tests to diagnose cough hypersensitivity syndrome and predictors of response to specific treatments. Further research into cough phenotypes and endotypes will yield important insights and a personalized approach to cough management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta M Grabczak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Dabrowska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw, Poland
| | - Surinder S Birring
- Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London , London, UK
| | - Rafal Krenke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw, Poland
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23
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Chen H, Terrett JA. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) antagonists: a patent review (2015-2019). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 30:643-657. [PMID: 32686526 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2020.1797679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION TRPA1 is a non-selective cation channel predominantly expressed in sensory neurons, and functions as an irritant sensor for a plethora of noxious external stimuli and endogenous ligands. Due to its involvement in pain, itch, and respiratory syndromes, TRPA1 has been pursued as a promising drug target. AREAS COVERED In this review, the small molecule patent literature of TRPA1 antagonists from 2015-2019 was surveyed. The patent applications are described with a focus on chemical structures, biochemical/pharmacological activities, and potential clinical applications. The development of TRPA1 antagonists in clinical trials has been highlighted. EXPERT OPINION During 2015-2019, significant progress was made toward the discovery of new TRPA1 antagonists. A total of 14 organizations published 28 patent applications disclosing several distinct classes of chemical matter and potential uses. During this period, three new molecules entered the clinic (ODM-108, HX-100, and GDC-0334) bringing the total number of TRPA1 antagonists to reach clinical trials to five (including earlier molecules CB-625 and GRC 17536); however, to our knowledge, development of all five molecules have been discontinued. Further clinical trials of recent TRPA1 antagonists with good pharmacokinetics would be needed to help understand TRPA1 involvement in human diseases and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifen Chen
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc ., South San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Jack A Terrett
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc ., South San Francisco, California, United States
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24
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Joseph V, Yang X, Gao SS, Elstrott J, Weimer RM, Theess W, Thrasher C, Singh N, Lin J, Bauer RN. Development of AITC-induced dermal blood flow as a translational in vivo biomarker of TRPA1 activity in human and rodent skin. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 87:129-139. [PMID: 32415670 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Develop a translational assay of Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) activity for use as a preclinical and clinical biomarker. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), capsaicin or citric acid were applied to ears of wildtype and Trpa1-knock out (Trpa1 KO) rats, and changes in dermal blood flow (DBF) were measured by laser speckle contrast imaging. In humans, the DBF, pain and itch responses to 5-20% AITC applied to the forearm were measured and safety was evaluated. Reproducibility of the DBF, pain and itch responses to topically applied 10% and 15% AITC were assessed at two visits separated by 13-15 days. DBF changes were summarized at 5-minute intervals as areas under the curve (AUC) and maxima. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to assess arm-arm and period-period reproducibility. KEY RESULTS AITC- and citric acid-induced DBF were significantly reduced in Trpa1 KO rats compared to wildtype (90 ± 2% and 65 ± 11% reduction, respectively), whereas capsaicin response did not differ. In humans, each AITC concentration significantly increased DBF compared to vehicle with the maximal increase occurring 5 minutes post application. Ten percent and 15% AITC were selected as safe and effective stimuli. AUC from 0 to 5 minutes was the most reproducible metric of AITC-induced DBF across arms (ICC = 0.92) and periods (ICC = 0.85). Subject-reported pain was more reproducible than itch across visits (ICC = 0.76 vs 0.17, respectively). CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS AITC-induced DBF is a suitable target engagement biomarker of TRPA1 activity for preclinical and clinical studies of TRPA1 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victory Joseph
- Biomedical Imaging, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Biostatistics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Simon S Gao
- Clinical Imaging, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Justin Elstrott
- Biomedical Imaging, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robby M Weimer
- Biomedical Imaging, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wiebke Theess
- Early Clinical Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cory Thrasher
- Environmental Health and Safety, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Joseph Lin
- Early Clinical Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca N Bauer
- OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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25
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Nam JH, Kim WK. The Role of TRP Channels in Allergic Inflammation and its Clinical Relevance. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1446-1468. [PMID: 30474526 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666181126113015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Allergy refers to an abnormal adaptive immune response to non-infectious environmental substances (allergen) that can induce various diseases such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, and allergic rhinitis. In this allergic inflammation, various immune cells, such as B cells, T cells, and mast cells, are involved and undergo complex interactions that cause a variety of pathophysiological conditions. In immune cells, calcium ions play a crucial role in controlling intracellular Ca2+ signaling pathways. Cations, such as Na+, indirectly modulate the calcium signal generation by regulating cell membrane potential. This intracellular Ca2+ signaling is mediated by various cation channels; among them, the Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) family is present in almost all immune cell types, and each channel has a unique function in regulating Ca2+ signals. In this review, we focus on the role of TRP ion channels in allergic inflammatory responses in T cells and mast cells. In addition, the TRP ion channels, which are attracting attention in clinical practice in relation to allergic diseases, and the current status of the development of therapeutic agents that target TRP channels are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hyun Nam
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 38066, Korea.,Channelopathy Research Center (CRC), Dongguk University College of Medicine, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsan Dong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea
| | - Woo Kyung Kim
- Channelopathy Research Center (CRC), Dongguk University College of Medicine, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsan Dong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Dongguk University, 27 Dongguk-ro, Ilsan Dong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea
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26
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Talavera K, Startek JB, Alvarez-Collazo J, Boonen B, Alpizar YA, Sanchez A, Naert R, Nilius B. Mammalian Transient Receptor Potential TRPA1 Channels: From Structure to Disease. Physiol Rev 2019; 100:725-803. [PMID: 31670612 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00005.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential ankyrin (TRPA) channels are Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channels remarkably conserved through the animal kingdom. Mammals have only one member, TRPA1, which is widely expressed in sensory neurons and in non-neuronal cells (such as epithelial cells and hair cells). TRPA1 owes its name to the presence of 14 ankyrin repeats located in the NH2 terminus of the channel, an unusual structural feature that may be relevant to its interactions with intracellular components. TRPA1 is primarily involved in the detection of an extremely wide variety of exogenous stimuli that may produce cellular damage. This includes a plethora of electrophilic compounds that interact with nucleophilic amino acid residues in the channel and many other chemically unrelated compounds whose only common feature seems to be their ability to partition in the plasma membrane. TRPA1 has been reported to be activated by cold, heat, and mechanical stimuli, and its function is modulated by multiple factors, including Ca2+, trace metals, pH, and reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and carbonyl species. TRPA1 is involved in acute and chronic pain as well as inflammation, plays key roles in the pathophysiology of nearly all organ systems, and is an attractive target for the treatment of related diseases. Here we review the current knowledge about the mammalian TRPA1 channel, linking its unique structure, widely tuned sensory properties, and complex regulation to its roles in multiple pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Talavera
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Justyna B Startek
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julio Alvarez-Collazo
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brett Boonen
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yeranddy A Alpizar
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alicia Sanchez
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robbe Naert
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bernd Nilius
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
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27
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Alavi MS, Shamsizadeh A, Karimi G, Roohbakhsh A. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1)-mediated toxicity: friend or foe? Toxicol Mech Methods 2019; 30:1-18. [PMID: 31409172 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2019.1652872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels have been widely studied during the last decade. New studies uncover new features and potential applications for these channels. TRPA1 has a huge distribution all over the human body and has been reported to be involved in different physiological and pathological conditions including cold, pain, and damage sensation. Considering its role, many studies have been devoted to evaluating the role of this channel in the initiation and progression of different toxicities. Accordingly, we reviewed the most recent studies and divided the role of TRPA1 in toxicology into the following sections: neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, dermatotoxicity, and pulmonary toxicity. Acetaminophen, heavy metals, tear gases, various chemotherapeutic agents, acrolein, wood smoke particulate materials, particulate air pollution materials, diesel exhaust particles, cigarette smoke extracts, air born irritants, sulfur mustard, and plasticizers are selected compounds and materials with toxic effects that are, at least in part, mediated by TRPA1. Considering the high safety of TRPA1 antagonists and their efficacy to resolve selected toxic or adverse drug reactions, the future of these drugs looks promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Shamsizadeh
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Roohbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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28
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Non-Analgesic Symptomatic or Disease-Modifying Potential of TRPA1. Med Sci (Basel) 2019; 7:medsci7100099. [PMID: 31547502 PMCID: PMC6836032 DOI: 10.3390/medsci7100099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TRPA1, a versatile ion channel of the Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channel family, detects a large variety of chemicals and can contribute to signal processing of other stimuli, e.g., due to its sensitivity to cytosolic calcium elevation or phosphoinositolphosphate modulation. At first, TRPA1 was found on sensory neurons, where it can act as a sensor for potential or actual tissue damage that ultimately may elicit pain or itch as warning symptoms. This review provides an update regarding the analgesic and antipruritic potential of TRPA1 modulation and the respective clinical trials. Furthermore, TRPA1 has been found in an increasing amount of other cell types. Therefore, the main focus of the review is to discuss the non-analgesic and particularly the disease-modifying potential of TRPA1. This includes diseases of the respiratory system, cancer, ischemia, allergy, diabetes, and the gastrointestinal system. The involvement of TRPA1 in the respective pathophysiological cascades is so far mainly based on pre-clinical data.
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29
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Al-Shamlan F, El-Hashim AZ. Bradykinin sensitizes the cough reflex via a B 2 receptor dependent activation of TRPV1 and TRPA1 channels through metabolites of cyclooxygenase and 12-lipoxygenase. Respir Res 2019; 20:110. [PMID: 31170972 PMCID: PMC6551914 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1060-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inhaled bradykinin (BK) has been reported to both sensitize and induce cough but whether BK can centrally sensitize the cough reflex is not fully established. In this study, using a conscious guinea-pig model of cough, we investigated the role of BK in the central sensitization of the cough reflex and in airway obstruction. Methods Drugs were administered, to guinea pigs, by the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) route. Aerosolized citric acid (0.2 M) was used to induce cough in a whole-body plethysmograph box, following i.c.v. infusion of drugs. An automated analyser recorded both cough and airway obstruction simultaneously. Results BK, administered by the i.c.v. route, dose-dependently enhanced the citric acid-induced cough and airway obstruction. This effect was inhibited following i.c.v. pretreatment with a B2 receptor antagonist, TRPV1 and TRPA1 channels antagonists and cyclooxygenase (COX) and 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) inhibitors. Furthermore, co-administration of submaximal doses of the TRPV1 and TRPA1 antagonists or the COX and 12-LOX inhibitors resulted in a greater inhibition of both cough reflex and airway obstruction. Conclusions Our findings show that central BK administration sensitizes cough and enhances airway obstruction via a B2 receptor/TRPV1 and/or TRPA1 channels which are coupled via metabolites of COX and/or 12-LOX enzymes. In addition, combined blockade of TRPV1 and TRPA1 or COX and 12-LOX resulted in a greater inhibitory effect of both cough and airway obstruction. These results indicate that central B2 receptors, TRPV1/TRPA1 channels and COX/12-LOX enzymes may represent potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of cough hypersensitivity. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Fajer Al-Shamlan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, P.O. BOX 24923, 13110, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Ahmed Z El-Hashim
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, P.O. BOX 24923, 13110, Safat, Kuwait.
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30
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31
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Xia Y, Xia L, Lou L, Jin R, Shen H, Li W. Transient Receptor Potential Channels and Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Lung 2018; 196:505-516. [PMID: 30094794 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-018-0145-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic airway inflammatory diseases remain a major problem worldwide, such that there is a need for additional therapeutic targets and novel drugs. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are a group of non-selective cation channels expressed throughout the body that are regulated by various stimuli. TRP channels have been identified in numerous cell types in the respiratory tract, including sensory neurons, airway epithelial cells, airway smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts. Different types of TRP channels induce cough in sensory neurons via the vagus nerve. Permeability and cytokine production are also regulated by TRP channels in airway epithelial cells, and these channels also contribute to the modulation of bronchoconstriction. TRP channels may cooperate with other TRP channels, or act in concert with calcium-dependent potassium channels and calcium-activated chloride channel. Hence, TRP channels could be the potential therapeutic targets for chronic airway inflammatory diseases. In this review, we aim to discuss the expression profiles and physiological functions of TRP channels in the airway, and the roles they play in chronic airway inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
| | - Lexin Xia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Lingyun Lou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Rui Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Huahao Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
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32
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Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are both common respiratory diseases that are associated with airflow reduction/obstruction and pulmonary inflammation. Whilst drug therapies offer adequate symptom control for many mild to moderate asthmatic patients, severe asthmatics and COPD patients symptoms are often not controlled, and in these cases, irreversible structural damage occurs with disease progression over time. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, in particular TRPV1, TRPA1, TRPV4 and TRPM8, have been implicated with roles in the regulation of inflammation and autonomic nervous control of the lungs. Evidence suggests that inflammation elevates levels of activators and sensitisers of TRP channels and additionally that TRP channel expression may be increased, resulting in excessive channel activation. The enhanced activity of these channels is thought to then play a key role in the propagation and maintenance of the inflammatory disease state and neuronal symptoms such as bronchoconstriction and cough. For TRPM8 the evidence is less clear, but as with TRPV1, TRPA1 and TRPV4, antagonists are being developed by multiple companies for indications including asthma and COPD, which will help in elucidating their role in respiratory disease.
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33
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Belvisi MG, Birrell MA. The emerging role of transient receptor potential channels in chronic lung disease. Eur Respir J 2017; 50:50/2/1601357. [PMID: 28775042 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01357-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are a major and increasing global health burden with a high unmet need. Drug discovery efforts in this area have been largely disappointing and so new therapeutic targets are needed. Transient receptor potential ion channels are emerging as possible therapeutic targets, given their widespread expression in the lung, their role in the modulation of inflammatory and structural changes and in the production of respiratory symptoms, such as bronchospasm and cough, seen in chronic lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Belvisi
- Respiratory Pharmacology Group, Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Mark A Birrell
- Respiratory Pharmacology Group, Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
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Mazzone SB, Undem BJ. Vagal Afferent Innervation of the Airways in Health and Disease. Physiol Rev 2017; 96:975-1024. [PMID: 27279650 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00039.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vagal sensory neurons constitute the major afferent supply to the airways and lungs. Subsets of afferents are defined by their embryological origin, molecular profile, neurochemistry, functionality, and anatomical organization, and collectively these nerves are essential for the regulation of respiratory physiology and pulmonary defense through local responses and centrally mediated neural pathways. Mechanical and chemical activation of airway afferents depends on a myriad of ionic and receptor-mediated signaling, much of which has yet to be fully explored. Alterations in the sensitivity and neurochemical phenotype of vagal afferent nerves and/or the neural pathways that they innervate occur in a wide variety of pulmonary diseases, and as such, understanding the mechanisms of vagal sensory function and dysfunction may reveal novel therapeutic targets. In this comprehensive review we discuss historical and state-of-the-art concepts in airway sensory neurobiology and explore mechanisms underlying how vagal sensory pathways become dysfunctional in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart B Mazzone
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia; and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Medical School, Asthma & Allergy Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bradley J Undem
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia; and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Medical School, Asthma & Allergy Center, Baltimore, Maryland
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Dietrich A, Steinritz D, Gudermann T. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels as molecular targets in lung toxicology and associated diseases. Cell Calcium 2017; 67:123-137. [PMID: 28499580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The lungs as the gateways of our body to the external environment are essential for gas exchange. They are also exposed to toxicants from two sides, the airways and the vasculature. Apart from naturally produced toxic agents, millions of human made chemicals were produced since the beginning of the industrial revolution whose toxicity still needs to be determined. While the knowledge about toxic substances is increasing only slowly, a paradigm shift regarding the proposed mechanisms of toxicity at the plasma membrane emerged. According to their broad-range chemical reactivity, the mechanism of lung injury evoked by these agents has long been described as rather unspecific. Consequently, therapeutic options are still restricted to symptomatic treatment. The identification of molecular down-stream effectors in cells was a major step forward in the mechanistic understanding of the action of toxic chemicals and will pave the way for more causal and specific toxicity testing as well as therapeutic options. In this context, the involvement of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels as chemosensors involved in the detection and effectors of toxicant action is an attractive concept intensively discussed in the scientific community. In this review we will summarize recent evidence for an involvement of TRP channels (TRPA1, TRPC4, TRPC6, TRPV1, TRPV4, TRPM2 and TRPM8) expressed in the lung in pathways of toxin sensing and as mediators of lung inflammation and associated diseases like asthma, COPD, lung fibrosis and edema formation. Specific modulators of these channels may offer new therapeutic options in the future and will endorse strategies for a causal, specifically tailored treatment based on the mechanistic understanding of molecular events induced by lung-toxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dietrich
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), LMU Munich, Germany.
| | - Dirk Steinritz
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), LMU Munich, Germany; Bundeswehr-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), LMU Munich, Germany
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Logashina YA, Mosharova IV, Korolkova YV, Shelukhina IV, Dyachenko IA, Palikov VA, Palikova YA, Murashev AN, Kozlov SA, Stensvåg K, Andreev YA. Peptide from Sea Anemone Metridium senile Affects Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin-repeat 1 (TRPA1) Function and Produces Analgesic Effect. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:2992-3004. [PMID: 28077580 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.757369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential ankyrin-repeat 1 (TRPA1) is an important player in pain and inflammatory pathways. It is a promising target for novel drug development for the treatment of a number of pathological states. A novel peptide producing a significant potentiating effect on allyl isothiocyanate- and diclofenac-induced currents of TRPA1 was isolated from the venom of sea anemone Metridium senile. It is a 35-amino acid peptide cross-linked by two disulfide bridges named τ-AnmTX Ms 9a-1 (short name Ms 9a-1) according to a structure similar to other sea anemone peptides belonging to structural group 9a. The structures of the two genes encoding the different precursor proteins of Ms 9a-1 were determined. Peptide Ms 9a-1 acted as a positive modulator of TRPA1 in vitro but did not cause pain or thermal hyperalgesia when injected into the hind paw of mice. Intravenous injection of Ms 9a-1 (0.3 mg/kg) produced a significant decrease in the nociceptive and inflammatory response to allyl isothiocyanate (the agonist of TRPA1) and reversed CFA (Complete Freund's Adjuvant)-induced inflammation and thermal hyperalgesia. Taken together these data support the hypothesis that Ms 9a-1 potentiates the response of TRPA1 to endogenous agonists followed by persistent functional loss of TRPA1-expressing neurons. We can conclude that TRPA1 potentiating may be useful as a therapeutic approach as Ms 9a-1 produces significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in mice models of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia A Logashina
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10,117997 Moscow, Russia.,the Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trubetskaya St. 8, Bldg. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina V Mosharova
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10,117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia V Korolkova
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10,117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina V Shelukhina
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10,117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor A Dyachenko
- the Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Nauki Avenue, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow, Russia, and
| | - Victor A Palikov
- the Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Nauki Avenue, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow, Russia, and
| | - Yulia A Palikova
- the Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Nauki Avenue, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow, Russia, and
| | - Arkadii N Murashev
- the Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Nauki Avenue, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow, Russia, and
| | - Sergey A Kozlov
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10,117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Klara Stensvåg
- the Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø, N9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Yaroslav A Andreev
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10,117997 Moscow, Russia, .,the Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trubetskaya St. 8, Bldg. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Zhong S, Liu XD, Nie YC, Gan ZY, Yang LQ, Huang CQ, Lai KF, Zhong NS. Antitussive activity of the Schisandra chinensis fruit polysaccharide (SCFP-1) in guinea pigs models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:378-385. [PMID: 27497637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (S. chinensis), locally known as "Wuweizi", has been used in the treatment of chronic cough as prescription medications of Traditional Chinese Medicine for thousands of years. However, the components of antitussive activity of S. chinensis and the mechanism are poorly understood. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to investigate the antitussive activity of polysaccharides extracted from S. chinensis. MATERIALS AND METHODS S. chinensis fruit polysaccharide-1 (SCFP-1) was extracted by 95% ethanol and distilled water successively, and then the water extraction was isolated with chromatographic columns. The preliminary characterization of SCFP-1 was analyzed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and some other recognized chemical methods. Antitussive potential of SCFP-1 was estimated at dose of 250, 500, and 1000mg/kg respectively by peroral administration in a guinea pigs model with cough hypersensitivity induced by cigarette smoke (Chronic cough model) or acute cough guinea model induced by citric acid (Acute cough model). Also, the time-dependent antitussive effect of SCFP-1 were evaluated with acute cough model, and compared with codeine. RESULTS The molecular of SCFP-1 was 3.18×104Da, mainly being composed of glucose and arabinose (66.5% and 29.4%, respectively). Peroral administration of SCFP-1 at 250, 500, and 1000mg/kg showed remarkable suppressive effects respectively on cough in both of chronic cough model and acute cough model. Meanwhile, inflammatory cell in BALF and some typical characteristics of nonspecific airway inflammation in animals exposed to CS was significantly attenuated after pretreatment with SCFP-1. The cough suppression of SCFP-1 (500 mg/kg) stablly lasted during the whole 5 h of time-dependent experiment, while no positive effect was observed after 300 min of oral administration of codeine. CONCLUSIONS SCFP-1 is one of the antitussive components of S. chinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No 151 Yanjiang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No 151 Yanjiang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Chu Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No 151 Yanjiang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Yong Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No 151 Yanjiang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Qi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No 151 Yanjiang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Chu-Qin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No 151 Yanjiang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Fang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No 151 Yanjiang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China.
| | - Nan-Shan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No 151 Yanjiang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China
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TRPA1, substance P, histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine interact in an interdependent way to induce nociception. Inflamm Res 2016; 66:311-322. [PMID: 27904941 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-1015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although TRPA1, SP, histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) have recognized contribution to nociceptive mechanisms, little is known about how they interact with each other to mediate inflammatory pain in vivo. In this study we evaluated whether TRPA1, SP, histamine and 5-HT interact, in an interdependent way, to induce nociception in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS The subcutaneous injection of the TRPA1 agonist allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) into the rat's hind paw induced a dose-dependent and short lasting behavioral nociceptive response that was blocked by the co-administration of the TRPA1 antagonist, HC030031, or by the pretreatment with antisense ODN against TRPA1. AITC-induced nociception was significantly decreased by the co-administration of selective antagonists for the NK1 receptor for substance P, the H1 receptor for histamine and the 5-HT1A or 3 receptors for 5-HT. Histamine- or 5-HT-induced nociception was decreased by the pretreatment with antisense ODN against TRPA1. These findings suggest that AITC-induced nociception depends on substance P, histamine and 5-HT, while histamine- or 5-HT-induced nociception depends on TRPA1. Most important, AITC interact in a synergistic way with histamine, 5-HT or substance P, since their combination at non-nociceptive doses induced a nociceptive response much higher than that expected by the sum of the effect of each one alone. This synergistic effect is dependent on the H1, 5-HT1A or 3 receptors. CONCLUSION Together, these findings suggest a self-sustainable cycle around TRPA1, no matter where the cycle is initiated each step is achieved and even subeffective activation of more than one step results in a synergistic activation of the overall cycle.
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Blocking TRPA1 in Respiratory Disorders: Does It Hold a Promise? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:ph9040070. [PMID: 27827953 PMCID: PMC5198045 DOI: 10.3390/ph9040070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) ion channel is expressed abundantly on the C fibers that innervate almost entire respiratory tract starting from oral cavity and oropharynx, conducting airways in the trachea, bronchi, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles and upto alveolar ducts and alveoli. Functional presence of TRPA1 on non-neuronal cells got recognized recently. TRPA1 plays a well-recognized role of “chemosensor”, detecting presence of exogenous irritants and endogenous pro-inflammatory mediators that are implicated in airway inflammation and sensory symptoms like chronic cough, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), allergic rhinitis and cystic fibrosis. TRPA1 can remain activated chronically due to elevated levels and continued presence of such endogenous ligands and pro-inflammatory mediators. Several selective TRPA1 antagonists have been tested in animal models of respiratory disease and their performance is very promising. Although there is no TRPA1 antagonist in advanced clinical trials or approved on market yet to treat respiratory diseases, however, limited but promising evidences available so far indicate likelihood that targeting TRPA1 may present a new therapy in treatment of respiratory diseases in near future. This review will focus on in vitro, animal and human evidences that strengthen the proposed role of TRPA1 in modulation of specific airway sensory responses and also on preclinical and clinical progress of selected TRPA1 antagonists.
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Kozai D, Sakaguchi R, Ohwada T, Mori Y. Deciphering Subtype-Selective Modulations in TRPA1 Biosensor Channels. Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 13:266-78. [PMID: 26411770 PMCID: PMC4598439 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x1302150525122020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins are a family of ion channels that act as
cellular sensors. Several members of the TRP family are sensitive to oxidative stress mediators.
Among them, TRPA1 is remarkably susceptible to various oxidants, and is known to mediate
neuropathic pain and respiratory, vascular and gastrointestinal functions, making TRPA1 an
attractive therapeutic target. Recent studies have revealed a number of modulators (both activators and inhibitors) that act
on TRPA1. Endogenous mediators of oxidative stress and exogenous electrophiles activate TRPA1 through oxidative
modification of cysteine residues. Non-electrophilic compounds also activate TRPA1. Certain non-electrophilic
modulators may act on critical non-cysteine sites in TRPA1. However, a method to achieve selective modulation of
TRPA1 by small molecules has not yet been established. More recently, we found that a novel N-nitrosamine compound
activates TRPA1 by S-nitrosylation (the addition of a nitric oxide (NO) group to cysteine thiol), and does so with
significant selectivity over other NO-sensitive TRP channels. It is proposed that this subtype selectivity is conferred
through synergistic effects of electrophilic cysteine transnitrosylation and molecular recognition of the non-electrophilic
moiety on the N-nitrosamine. In this review, we describe the molecular pharmacology of these TRPA1 modulators and
discuss their modulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yasuo Mori
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura Campus, Nishikyoku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
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De Logu F, Patacchini R, Fontana G, Geppetti P. TRP functions in the broncho-pulmonary system. Semin Immunopathol 2016; 38:321-9. [PMID: 27083925 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The current understanding of the role of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in the airways and lung was initially based on the localization of a series of such channels in a subset of sensory nerve fibers of the respiratory tract. Soon after, TRP channel expression and function have been identified in respiratory nonneuronal cells. In these two locations, TRPs regulate physiological processes aimed at integrating different stimuli to maintain homeostasis and to react to harmful agents and tissue injury by building up inflammatory responses and repair processes. There is no doubt that TRPs localized in the sensory network contribute to airway neurogenic inflammation, and emerging evidence underlines the role of nonneuronal TRPs in orchestrating inflammation and repair in the respiratory tract. However, recent basic and clinical studies have offered clues regarding the contribution of neuronal and nonneuronal TRPs in the mechanism of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, cough, and other respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Logu
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Riccardo Patacchini
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
- Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fontana
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Geppetti
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.
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Abstract
The transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel is an irritant sensor highly expressed on nociceptive neurons. The clinical use of TRPA1 antagonists is based on the concept that TRPA1 is active during disease states like neuropathic pain. Indeed, in Phase 2a proof-of-concept studies the TRPA1 antagonist GRC17536 has shown efficacy in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy. Moreover, animal studies suggest that the therapeutic value of TRPA1 antagonists extends beyond pain to pruritus, asthma and cough with limited safety concerns. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the patent literature (since 2007) on small-molecule inhibitors of the TRPA1 channel. Despite the clear progress, many unanswered questions remain. Future advancement to Phase 3 studies will assess the real translational potential of this research field.
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Taylor-Clark TE. Role of reactive oxygen species and TRP channels in the cough reflex. Cell Calcium 2016; 60:155-62. [PMID: 27016063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The cough reflex is evoked by noxious stimuli in the airways. Although this reflex is essential for health, it can be triggered chronically in inflammatory and infectious airway disease. Neuronal transient receptor potential (TRP) channels such as ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) are polymodal receptors expressed on airway nociceptive afferent nerves. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other reactive compounds are associated with inflammation, from either NADPH oxidase or mitochondria. These reactive compounds cause activation and hyperexcitability of nociceptive afferents innervating the airways, and evidence suggests key contributions of TRPA1 and TRPV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Taylor-Clark
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Ogawa N, Kurokawa T, Mori Y. Sensing of redox status by TRP channels. Cell Calcium 2016; 60:115-22. [PMID: 26969190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cellular redox status is maintained by the balance between series of antioxidant systems and production of reactive oxygen/nitrogenous species. Cells utilize this redox balance to mediate diverse physiological functions. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are non-selective cation channels that act as biosensors for environmental and noxious stimuli, such as capsaicin and allicin, as well as changes in temperature and conditions inside the cell. TRP channels also have an emerging role as essential players in detecting cellular redox status to regulate cellular signals mediating physiological phenomena. Reactive species activate TRP channels either directly through oxidative amino acid modifications or indirectly through second messengers. For instance, TRPA1, TRPV1 and TRPC5 channels are directly activated by oxidizing agents through cysteine modification; whereas, TRPM2 channel is indirectly activated by production of ADP-ribose. One intriguing property of several TRP channels is susceptibility to both oxidizing and reducing stimuli, suggesting TRP channels could potentially act as a bidirectional sensor for detecting deviations in redox status. In this review, we discuss the unique chemical physiologies of redox sensitive TRP channels and their physiological significance in Ca(2+) signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Ogawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Kurokawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan; Laboratory of Environmental Systems Biology, Department of Technology and Ecology, Hall of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
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Bonvini SJ, Birrell MA, Grace MS, Maher SA, Adcock JJ, Wortley MA, Dubuis E, Ching YM, Ford AP, Shala F, Miralpeix M, Tarrason G, Smith JA, Belvisi MG. Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 4 and airway sensory afferent activation: Role of adenosine triphosphate. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:249-261.e12. [PMID: 26792207 PMCID: PMC4929136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensory nerves innervating the airways play an important role in regulating various cardiopulmonary functions, maintaining homeostasis under healthy conditions and contributing to pathophysiology in disease states. Hypo-osmotic solutions elicit sensory reflexes, including cough, and are a potent stimulus for airway narrowing in asthmatic patients, but the mechanisms involved are not known. Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 4 (TRPV4) is widely expressed in the respiratory tract, but its role as a peripheral nociceptor has not been explored. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that TRPV4 is expressed on airway afferents and is a key osmosensor initiating reflex events in the lung. METHODS We used guinea pig primary cells, tissue bioassay, in vivo electrophysiology, and a guinea pig conscious cough model to investigate a role for TRPV4 in mediating sensory nerve activation in vagal afferents and the possible downstream signaling mechanisms. Human vagus nerve was used to confirm key observations in animal tissues. RESULTS Here we show TRPV4-induced activation of guinea pig airway-specific primary nodose ganglion cells. TRPV4 ligands and hypo-osmotic solutions caused depolarization of murine, guinea pig, and human vagus and firing of Aδ-fibers (not C-fibers), which was inhibited by TRPV4 and P2X3 receptor antagonists. Both antagonists blocked TRPV4-induced cough. CONCLUSION This study identifies the TRPV4-ATP-P2X3 interaction as a key osmosensing pathway involved in airway sensory nerve reflexes. The absence of TRPV4-ATP-mediated effects on C-fibers indicates a distinct neurobiology for this ion channel and implicates TRPV4 as a novel therapeutic target for neuronal hyperresponsiveness in the airways and symptoms, such as cough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara J Bonvini
- Respiratory Pharmacology Group, Airway Disease Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Birrell
- Respiratory Pharmacology Group, Airway Disease Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Megan S Grace
- School of Medical Sciences and Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Sarah A Maher
- Respiratory Pharmacology Group, Airway Disease Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John J Adcock
- Respiratory Pharmacology Group, Airway Disease Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A Wortley
- Respiratory Pharmacology Group, Airway Disease Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Dubuis
- Respiratory Pharmacology Group, Airway Disease Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yee-Man Ching
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Fisnik Shala
- Respiratory Pharmacology Group, Airway Disease Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Montserrat Miralpeix
- Respiratory Therapeutic Area-Discovery, R&D Centre, Almirall S.A., Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gema Tarrason
- Respiratory Therapeutic Area-Discovery, R&D Centre, Almirall S.A., Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaclyn A Smith
- Respiratory and Allergy Centre, University of Manchester, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Maria G Belvisi
- Respiratory Pharmacology Group, Airway Disease Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Park J, Zheng L, Acosta G, Vega-Alvarez S, Chen Z, Muratori B, Cao P, Shi R. Acrolein contributes to TRPA1 up-regulation in peripheral and central sensory hypersensitivity following spinal cord injury. J Neurochem 2015; 135:987-97. [PMID: 26365991 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Acrolein, an endogenous aldehyde, has been shown to be involved in sensory hypersensitivity after rat spinal cord injury (SCI), for which the pathogenesis is unclear. Acrolein can directly activate a pro-algesic transient receptor protein ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel that exists in sensory neurons. Both acrolein and TRPA1 mRNA are elevated post SCI, which contributes to the activation of TRPA1 by acrolein and consequently, neuropathic pain. In the current study, we further showed that, post-SCI elevation of TRPA1 mRNA exists not only in dorsal root ganglias but also in both peripheral (paw skin) and central endings of primary afferent nerves (dorsal horn of spinal cord). This is the first indication that pain signaling can be over-amplified in the peripheral skin by elevated expressions of TRPA1 following SCI, in addition over-amplification previously seen in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia. Furthermore, we show that acrolein alone, in the absence of physical trauma, could lead to the elevation of TRPA1 mRNA at various locations when injected to the spinal cord. In addition, post-SCI elevation of TRPA1 mRNA could be mitigated using acrolein scavengers. Both of these attributes support the critical role of acrolein in elevating TRPA1 expression through gene regulation. Taken together, these data indicate that acrolein is likely a critical causal factor in heightening pain sensation post-SCI, through both the direct binding of TRPA1 receptor, and also by boosting the expression of TRPA1. Finally, our data also further support the notion that acrolein scavenging may be an effective therapeutic approach to alleviate neuropathic pain after SCI. We propose that the trauma-mediated elevation of acrolein causes neuropathic pain through at least two mechanisms: acrolein stimulates the production of transient receptor protein ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) in both central and peripheral locations, and it activates TRPA1 channels directly. Therefore, acrolein appears to be a critical factor in the pathogenesis of post-SCI sensory hypersensitivity, becoming a novel therapeutic target to relieve both acute and chronic post-SCI neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghyuck Park
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Lingxing Zheng
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Glen Acosta
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Sasha Vega-Alvarez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Rui-Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-tong University, Institute of Trauma and Orthopedics, Shanghai, China
| | - Breanne Muratori
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Rui-Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-tong University, Institute of Trauma and Orthopedics, Shanghai, China
| | - Riyi Shi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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47
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Taylor-Clark TE. Oxidative stress as activators of sensory nerves for cough. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2015; 35:94-9. [PMID: 26095768 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Excessive activation of the cough reflex is a major clinical problem in respiratory diseases. The cough reflex is triggered by activation of nociceptive sensory nerve terminals innervating the airways by noxious stimuli. Oxidative stress is a noxious stimuli associated with inhalation of pollutants and inflammatory airway disease. Here, we discuss recent findings that oxidative stress, in particular downstream of mitochondrial dysfunction, evokes increased electrical activity in airway nociceptive sensory nerves. Mechanisms include activation of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and protein kinase C. Such mechanisms may contribute to excessive cough reflexes in respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Taylor-Clark
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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48
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TRP channels. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2015; 22:18-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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49
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The TRPA1 channel in inflammatory and neuropathic pain and migraine. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 167:1-43. [PMID: 24668446 DOI: 10.1007/112_2014_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), a member of the TRP superfamily of channels, is primarily localized to a subpopulation of primary sensory neurons of the trigeminal, vagal, and dorsal root ganglia. This subset of nociceptors produces and releases the neuropeptides substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which mediate neurogenic inflammatory responses. TRPA1 is activated by a number of exogenous compounds, including molecules of botanical origin, environmental irritants, and medicines. However, the most prominent feature of TRPA1 resides in its unique sensitivity for large series of reactive byproducts of oxidative and nitrative stress. Here, the role of TRPA1 in models of different types of pain, including inflammatory and neuropathic pain and migraine, is summarized. Specific attention is paid to TRPA1 as the main contributing mechanism to the transition of mechanical and cold hypersensitivity from an acute to a chronic condition and as the primary transducing pathway by which oxidative/nitrative stress produces acute nociception, allodynia, and hyperalgesia. A series of migraine triggers or medicines have been reported to modulate TRPA1 activity and the ensuing CGRP release. Thus, TRPA1 antagonists may be beneficial in the treatment of inflammatory and neuropathic pain and migraine.
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50
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Peripheral neural circuitry in cough. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2015; 22:9-17. [PMID: 25704498 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cough is a reflex that serves to protect the airways. Excessive or chronic coughing is a major health issue that is poorly controlled by current therapeutics. Significant effort has been made to understand the mechanisms underlying the cough reflex. The focus of this review is the evidence supporting the role of specific airway sensory nerve (afferent) populations in the initiation and modulation of the cough reflex in health and disease.
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