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Turczynowicz A, Jakubów P, Niedźwiecka K, Kondracka J, Pużyńska W, Tałałaj M, Guszczyn T, Grabala P, Kowalczuk O, Kocańda S. Mu-Opioid Receptor 1 and C-Reactive Protein Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms as Biomarkers of Pain Intensity and Opioid Consumption. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1629. [PMID: 38137077 PMCID: PMC10741726 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Children constitute a special group in pain therapy. Single nucleotide polymorphisms that are associated with differences in postoperative, inflammatory pain perception and opioid requirement are the A118G SNP in the mu-opioid receptor 1 (OPRM1) gene and the rs1205 CRP. This study aimed to determine connection between OPRM1 and rs1205 CRP SNPs in pediatric patients postoperatively and pain intensity, the opioid dose needed to control pain after scoliosis correction, and other clinical aspects. Genotypes of rs1205 CRP and OPRM1 polymorphisms in a sample of 31 patients were specified, and statistical analysis was performed in terms of age, genotype frequency, pain assessment, sufentanil flow, post-anesthesia care unit stay, and the use of coanalgesics. The frequency of A/A and A/G genotypes in the OPRM1 gene was in line with 1000Genomes data for the European population. Patients from the AG group of OPRM1 SNP more frequently required coanalgesics for adequate pain control; however, it was of weak statistical significance. Other parameters measured in the study were not statistically significant in relation to OPRM1 and CRP polymorphisms. The effect of SNPs on postoperative pain management and opioid therapy in children was not confirmed by this study. An expansion of the study sample and other opioid-related SNPs is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Turczynowicz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care for Children and Adolescents with Postoperative and Pain Treatment Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (P.J.); (J.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Piotr Jakubów
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care for Children and Adolescents with Postoperative and Pain Treatment Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (P.J.); (J.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Karolina Niedźwiecka
- Department of Cardiosurgery, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (K.N.)
| | - Julia Kondracka
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care for Children and Adolescents with Postoperative and Pain Treatment Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (P.J.); (J.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Weronika Pużyńska
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Mariola Tałałaj
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care for Children and Adolescents with Postoperative and Pain Treatment Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (P.J.); (J.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Tomasz Guszczyn
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (T.G.); (P.G.)
| | - Paweł Grabala
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (T.G.); (P.G.)
| | - Oksana Kowalczuk
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Szymon Kocańda
- Department of Cardiosurgery, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (K.N.)
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Jiang Z, Chen Z, Chen X. Candidate gene-environment interactions in substance abuse: A systematic review. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287446. [PMID: 37906564 PMCID: PMC10617739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The abuse of psychogenic drugs can lead to multiple health-related problems. Genetic and environmental vulnerabilities are factors in the emergence of substance use disorders. Empirical evidence regarding the gene-environment interaction in substance use is mixed. Summaries of the latest findings from a candidate gene approach will be useful for revealing the significance of particular gene contributions. Thus, we aim to identify different gene-environment interactions in patterns of substance use and investigate whether any effects trend notably across different genders and races. METHODS We reviewed published studies, until March 1, 2022, on substance use for candidate gene-environment interaction. Basic demographics of the included studies, target genes, environmental factors, main findings, patterns of gene-environment interaction, and other relevant information were collected and summarized. RESULTS Among a total of 44 studies, 38 demonstrated at least one significant interaction effect. About 61.5% of studies on the 5-HTTLPR gene, 100% on the MAOA gene, 42.9% on the DRD2 gene, 50% on the DRD4 gene, 50% on the DAT gene, 80% on the CRHR1 gene, 100% on the OPRM1 gene, 100% on the GABRA1 gene, and 50% on the CHRNA gene had a significant gene-environment interaction effect. The diathesis-stress model represents a dominant interaction pattern (89.5%) in the studies with a significant interaction effect; the remaining significant effect on substance use is found in the differential susceptibility model. The social push and swing model were not reported in the included studies. CONCLUSION The gene-environment interaction research on substance use behavior is methodologically multidimensional, which causes difficulty in conducting pooled analysis, or stated differently-making it hard to identify single sources of significant influence over maladaptive patterns of drug taking. In decreasing the heterogeneity and facilitating future pooled analysis, researchers must (1) replicate the existing studies with consistent study designs and measures, (2) conduct power calculations to report gene-environment correlations, (3) control for covariates, and (4) generate theory-based hypotheses with factorial based experiments when designing future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Jiang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Zidong Chen
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xi Chen
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Sociology and Social Policy, Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
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Wiers RW, Pan T, van Dessel P, Rinck M, Lindenmeyer J. Approach-Bias Retraining and Other Training Interventions as Add-On in the Treatment of AUD Patients. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2023. [PMID: 37221351 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2023_421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In the past two decades, a variety of cognitive training interventions have been developed to help people overcome their addictive behaviors. Conceptually, it is important to distinguish between programs in which reactions to addiction-relevant cues are trained (varieties of cognitive bias modification, CBM) and programs in which general abilities are trained such as working memory or mindfulness. CBM was first developed to study the hypothesized causal role in mental disorders: by directly manipulating the bias, it was investigated to what extent this influenced disorder-relevant behavior. In these proof-of-principle studies, the bias was temporarily modified in volunteers, either temporarily increased or decreased, with corresponding effects on behavior (e.g., beer consumption), in case the bias was successfully manipulated. In subsequent clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs), training (away from the substance vs. sham training) was added to clinical treatment. These studies have demonstrated that CBM, as added to treatment, reduces relapse with a small effect of about 10% (similar effect size as for medication, with the strongest evidence for approach-bias modification). This has not been found for general ability training (e.g., working memory training), although effects on other psychological functions have been found (e.g., impulsivity). Mindfulness also has been found to help people overcome addictions, and different from CBM, also as stand-alone intervention. Research on (neuro-)cognitive mechanisms underlying approach-bias modification has pointed to a new perspective in which automatic inferences rather than associations are influenced by training, which has led to the development of a new variety of training: ABC training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinout W Wiers
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ting Pan
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter van Dessel
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mike Rinck
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Johannes Lindenmeyer
- Salus Klinik, Lindow, Germany
- Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg, Germany
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Cofresí RU, Kohen CB, Motschman CA, Wiers RW, Piasecki TM, Bartholow BD. Behavioral response bias and event-related brain potentials implicate elevated incentive salience attribution to alcohol cues in emerging adults with lower sensitivity to alcohol. Addiction 2022; 117:892-904. [PMID: 34697852 PMCID: PMC8904297 DOI: 10.1111/add.15728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study used a behavioral approach-avoidance task including images of alcoholic beverages to test whether low sensitivity to alcohol (LS) is a phenotypical marker of a dispositional propensity to attribute bottom-up incentive value to naturally conditioned alcohol cues. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Experimental study with a measured individual difference variable at a university psychology laboratory in Missouri, MO, USA. Participants were 178 emerging adults (aged 18-20 years) varying in self-reported sensitivity to alcohol's acute effects. MEASUREMENTS Participants completed the alcohol approach-avoidance task while behavior (response time; RT) and the electroencephalogram (EEG) were recorded. Stimulus-locked event-related potentials (ERPs) provided indices of integrated (top-down and bottom-up) stimulus incentive value (P3 amplitude) and conflict between top-down task demands and bottom-up response propensities (N450 amplitude). FINDINGS Linear mixed models showed faster RT for 'alcohol-approach' relative to 'alcohol-avoid' trials for lower-sensitivity (LS) [meanD ± standard errorD (MD ± SED ) = 29.51 ± 9.74 ms, t(328) = 3.03, P = 0.003] but not higher-sensitivity (HS) individuals (MD ± SED = 2.27 ± 9.33 ms, t(328) = 0.243, P = 0.808). There was enhanced N450 amplitude (response conflict) for alcohol-avoid relative to alcohol-approach trials for LS participants (MD ± SED = 0.811 ± 0.198 μV, Z = 4.108, P < 0.001) and enhanced N450 amplitude for alcohol-approach relative to alcohol-avoid for HS participants (MD ± SED = 0.419 ± 0.188 μV, Z = 2.235, P = 0.025). There was also enhanced P3 amplitude for alcohol-approach relative to alcohol-avoid for LS (MD ± SED = 0.825 ± 0.204 μV, Z = 4.045, P < 0.001) but not HS (MD ± SED = 0.013 ± 0.194 μV, Z = 0.068, P = 0.946). CONCLUSIONS Findings from a human laboratory study appear to support the notion that low sensitivity to alcohol indexes a propensity to attribute bottom-up incentive value to naturally conditioned alcohol cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto U. Cofresí
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri,Corresponding author: Roberto Cofresí, University of Missouri, Department of Psychological Sciences, Columbia, MO, 65211. Phone: 469-323-0181
| | - Casey B. Kohen
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri
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Creswell KG, Sayette MA. How laboratory studies of cigarette craving can inform the experimental alcohol craving literature. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:344-358. [PMID: 35037262 PMCID: PMC8920775 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Interest in alcohol and other drug craving has flourished over the past two decades, and evidence has accumulated showing that craving can be meaningfully linked to both drug use and relapse. Considerable human experimental alcohol craving research since 2000 has focused on craving as a clinical phenomenon. Self-reported craving to drink typically has served as a catch-all for the craving construct in these studies, whereas few studies have considered craving as a process (or hypothetical construct) that interacts with other phenomena to affect use. In contrast to alcohol, we believe that recently there has been more mechanistic work targeting cigarette craving-related processes. Here, we briefly present a narrative review of studies of acute alcohol craving in humans that have been conducted during the past two decades. We then specify important ways in which alcohol and tobacco differ (e.g., the role of withdrawal), and we note the unique challenges in inducing robust alcohol craving states in the laboratory. Finally, we offer recommendations for how the alcohol field might advance its conceptual understanding of craving by adopting ideas and methods drawn from the smoking research literature. Specifically, we suggest that researchers extend their studies to not only examine the link between alcohol craving and relapse but also to focus on why and, in some instances, how alcohol cravings matter clinically, and the circumstances under which craving especially matters. We propose research to investigate the shifts in alcohol-related cognitive and affective processing that occur during alcohol craving states. Furthermore, we highlight the value of research examining the level of insight that individuals with varying levels of alcohol involvement possess about their own craving-related processing shifts. We believe that laboratory studies can provide rich opportunities to examine conceptual questions about alcohol craving that are central to addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey G. Creswell
- Department of PsychologyCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Michael A. Sayette
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
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Degrandmaison J, Rochon-Haché S, Parent JL, Gendron L. Knock-In Mouse Models to Investigate the Functions of Opioid Receptors in vivo. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:807549. [PMID: 35173584 PMCID: PMC8841419 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.807549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their low expression levels, complex multi-pass transmembrane structure, and the current lack of highly specific antibodies, the assessment of endogenous G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) remains challenging. While most of the research regarding their functions was performed in heterologous systems overexpressing the receptor, recent advances in genetic engineering methods have allowed the generation of several unique mouse models. These animals proved to be useful to investigate numerous aspects underlying the physiological functions of GPCRs, including their endogenous expression, distribution, interactome, and trafficking processes. Given their significant pharmacological importance and central roles in the nervous system, opioid peptide receptors (OPr) are often referred to as prototypical receptors for the study of GPCR regulatory mechanisms. Although only a few GPCR knock-in mouse lines have thus far been generated, OPr are strikingly well represented with over 20 different knock-in models, more than half of which were developed within the last 5 years. In this review, we describe the arsenal of OPr (mu-, delta-, and kappa-opioid), as well as the opioid-related nociceptin/orphanin FQ (NOP) receptor knock-in mouse models that have been generated over the past years. We further highlight the invaluable contribution of such models to our understanding of the in vivo mechanisms underlying the regulation of OPr, which could be conceivably transposed to any other GPCR, as well as the limitations, future perspectives, and possibilities enabled by such tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Degrandmaison
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Département de Médecine, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Quebec Network of Junior Pain Investigators, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Samuel Rochon-Haché
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Département de Médecine, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Quebec Network of Junior Pain Investigators, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Luc Parent
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Département de Médecine, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Jean-Luc Parent,
| | - Louis Gendron
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Quebec Pain Research Network, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Louis Gendron,
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7
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Fleming KA, Cofresí RU, Bartholow BD. Transfer of incentive salience from a first-order alcohol cue to a novel second-order alcohol cue among individuals at risk for alcohol use disorder: electrophysiological evidence. Addiction 2021; 116:1734-1746. [PMID: 33338310 PMCID: PMC8172423 DOI: 10.1111/add.15380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In susceptible individuals, cues associated with drug use are theorized to take on incentive-motivational properties, including the ability to reinforce higher-order, drug-related associative learning. This study aimed to test this prediction among people varying in risk for alcohol use disorder. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Repeated-measures experiment with a measured individual difference variable at a University psychology laboratory in Missouri, USA. One hundred and six young adults (96 contributed complete data) were pre-selected to represent the upper and lower quartiles of self-reported sensitivity to alcohol's acute effects. MEASUREMENTS Participants completed a second-order Pavlovian conditioning paradigm in which an initially neutral visual cue (second-order conditional stimulus; CS2 ) predicted onset of an olfactory cue (first-order conditional stimulus; CS1 ). Olfactory cues were isolated from alcoholic beverages, sweets and non-comestible substances, each presumed to have a natural history of first-order conditioning. Event-related potential responses to the CS2 across its conditioning and extinction, and to the CS1 , provided neurophysiological indices of incentive salience (IS). FINDINGS The IS of the alcohol CS1 was higher among participants low in alcohol sensitivity (LS), relative to their higher-sensitivity (HS) peers. The IS of the CS2 paired with the alcohol CS1 increased across the CS2 conditioning phase among LS but not HS participants. Also, LS (but not HS) individuals also experienced increases in alcohol craving following alcohol CS1 exposure, and this change was correlated with increases in the IS of the CS2 paired with the alcohol CS1 . CONCLUSIONS Alcoholic beverage odor, a proximal cue for alcohol consumption, appears to reinforce conditioning of neurophysiological responses to a novel cue among low alcohol sensitivity (LS) individuals but not high alcohol sensitivity individuals, providing the first evidence that the LS phenotype may be associated with differences in the conditioned reinforcing properties of alcohol-related cues. These findings support the idea that the LS phenotype may increase alcohol use disorder risk via susceptibility to incentive salience sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A. Fleming
- Psychiatric and Behavioral Health Institute, Allegheny Health Network
- Department of Psychiatry, Drexel University College of Medicine
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8
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Sebold M, Garbusow M, Cerci D, Chen K, Sommer C, Huys QJM, Nebe S, Rapp M, Veer IM, Zimmermann US, Smolka MN, Walter H, Heinz A, Friedel E. Association of the OPRM1 A118G polymorphism and Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer: Clinical relevance for alcohol dependence. J Psychopharmacol 2021; 35:566-578. [PMID: 33726538 PMCID: PMC8155738 DOI: 10.1177/0269881121991992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) quantifies the extent to which a stimulus that has been associated with reward or punishment alters operant behaviour. In alcohol dependence (AD), the PIT effect serves as a paradigmatic model of cue-induced relapse. Preclinical studies have suggested a critical role of the opioid system in modulating Pavlovian-instrumental interactions. The A118G polymorphism of the OPRM1 gene affects opioid receptor availability and function. Furthermore, this polymorphism interacts with cue-induced approach behaviour and is a potential biomarker for pharmacological treatment response in AD. In this study, we tested whether the OPRM1 polymorphism is associated with the PIT effect and relapse in AD. METHODS Using a PIT task, we examined three independent samples: young healthy subjects (N = 161), detoxified alcohol-dependent patients (N = 186) and age-matched healthy controls (N = 105). We used data from a larger study designed to assess the role of learning mechanisms in the development and maintenance of AD. Subjects were genotyped for the A118G (rs1799971) polymorphism of the OPRM1 gene. Relapse was assessed after three months. RESULTS In all three samples, participants with the minor OPRM1 G-Allele (G+ carriers) showed increased expression of the PIT effect in the absence of learning differences. Relapse was not associated with the OPRM1 polymorphism. Instead, G+ carriers displaying increased PIT effects were particularly prone to relapse. CONCLUSION These results support a role for the opioid system in incentive salience motivation. Furthermore, they inform a mechanistic model of aberrant salience processing and are in line with the pharmacological potential of opioid receptor targets in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Sebold
- Department of Psychiatry and
Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie
Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health,
Berlin, Germany
- Department for Social and Preventive
Medicine, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Maria Garbusow
- Department of Psychiatry and
Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie
Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health,
Berlin, Germany
| | - Deniz Cerci
- Klinik für Forensische Psychiatrie,
Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and
Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie
Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health,
Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Quentin JM Huys
- Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational
Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephan Nebe
- Department of Economics, University of
Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Rapp
- Department for Social and Preventive
Medicine, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ilya M Veer
- Department of Psychiatry and
Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie
Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health,
Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Zimmermann
- Technical University of Dresden,
Dresden, Germany
- Department of Addiction Medicine and
Psychotherapy, kbo Isar-Amper-Klinikum, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and
Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie
Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health,
Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and
Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie
Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health,
Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Friedel
- Department of Psychiatry and
Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie
Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health,
Berlin, Germany
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9
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Thompson JB, Daniel AM, Rushing BG, Papini MR. Recovery profiles from reward downshift are correlated with operant licking maintained by alcohol, but not with genetic variation in the mu opioid receptor. Physiol Behav 2021; 228:113192. [PMID: 33011231 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
After ten 5-min sessions of access to 32% sucrose, a reward downshift (RD) to 2% sucrose induces a transient rejection of the reward. Animals were segregated according to the speed of recovery from RD into Fast-recovery and Slow-recovery subgroups. Animals were subsequently trained in an operant licking (OL) task in which licking at an empty tube provided 10 s of access to a second tube containing 66% alcohol. Licking on the first tube was subjected to a progressive ratio (PR) schedule with a step of 4 licks. Fast-recovery animals (both males and females) licked to a higher ratio than Slow-recovery animals. Animals were also exposed to a well-lit open field (OF) for 20 min. Fast- and Slow-recovery males and females exhibited equal levels of activity in the OF. Tissue samples from tails were assessed for two well-known allelic variations of the human opioid receptor gene, OPRM1, known to affect mu opioid sensitivity: The C17T and A118G single nucleotide polymorphisms. There was no evidence of a relationship between genotype and behavior, suggesting that these genetic mechanisms in humans do not account for the individual differences in recovery from RD and OL for alcohol in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan M Daniel
- Department of Science and Math, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, United States
| | - Brenda G Rushing
- Department of Science and Math, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, United States
| | - Mauricio R Papini
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, United States.
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10
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Chung P, Logge WB, Riordan BC, Haber PS, Merriman ME, Phipps-Green A, Topless RK, Merriman TR, Conner T, Morley KC. Genetic Polymorphisms on OPRM1, DRD2, DRD4, and COMT in Young Adults: Lack of Association With Alcohol Consumption. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:549429. [PMID: 33364985 PMCID: PMC7750453 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.549429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Risk behaviors for young adults such as alcohol use are associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Patterns of risk behavior may be genetically determined and vary between genders. Previous studies in both young adults and heavy drinking adult samples have demonstrated that some genotypes, such as OPRM1 A118G, COMT Val158Met and DRD2 Taq1A and DRD4 C52IT, may predict addictive behaviors including alcohol consumption and impulsivity, although results have been mixed. Methods: This study aimed to investigate the predictive relationship of these four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) prospectively on student patterns of drinking using a micro-longitudinal daily diary design in a sample of 628 young adults ages 18-25 of predominantly of European ethnicity. Linear mixed models were used to examine the effect of SNPs on the number of drinks per drinking session with gender as a moderating variable. Results: There were no main effects for genotype on alcohol consumption, nor for gender × genotype for any of the SNPs. There was a trend for an effect of the DRD2 Taq1A on the number of drinks per drinking day and for the interaction of gender and DRD2 Taq1A on the number of drinks per drinking day. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the DRD2 Taq1A, OPRM1 A118G, DRD4 C521T, or COMT Val158Met polymorphisms, are not associated with alcohol consumption in young adults, although there may be a relationship between DRD2 Taq1A and alcohol consumption in young adult males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Chung
- Discipline of Addiction Medicine, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Warren B Logge
- Discipline of Addiction Medicine, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Benjamin C Riordan
- Psychological Medicine, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul S Haber
- Discipline of Addiction Medicine, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Drug Health Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Ruth K Topless
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tony R Merriman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tamlin Conner
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kirsten C Morley
- Discipline of Addiction Medicine, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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11
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Nieto SJ, Grodin EN, Ray LA. On the path towards personalized medicine: Implications of pharmacogenetic studies of alcohol use disorder medications. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2020; 5:43-54. [PMID: 34291172 DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2020.1724510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The heritability of alcohol use disorder (AUD) is estimated to be ~50%; however, the genetic basis of the disease is still poorly understood. The genetic variants identified thus far only explain a small percentage of AUD phenotypic variability. While genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are impacted by technical and methodological limitations, genetic variants that have been identified independently of GWAS findings can moderate the efficacy of AUD medications. Areas Covered This review discusses findings from clinical pharmacogenetic studies of AUD medications. While the pharmacogenetic studies reviewed involve several genetic variants in the major neurotransmitter systems, genetic loci in the opioid system have garnered the most attention. Expert Opinion The clinical utility of pharmacogenetics in AUD populations is uncertain at this time. There are several ongoing prospective clinical trials that will enhance knowledge regarding the applicability of pharmacogenetics in clinical populations. We recommend that future work in this area consider reverse translating from genotype to phenotype, mapping genes to stages of the addiction cycle, mapping genes to neural circuits, and harnessing large population-based cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Nieto
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erica N Grodin
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lara A Ray
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,University of California Los Angeles, Brain Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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12
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Association Study of OPRM1 Gene in a Sample of Schizophrenia Patients With Alcohol Dependence or Abuse. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ADDICTION 2019; 10:30-34. [DOI: 10.1097/cxa.0000000000000069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Fongang B, Cunningham KA, Rowicka M, Kudlicki A. Coevolution of Residues Provides Evidence of a Functional Heterodimer of 5-HT 2AR and 5-HT 2CR Involving Both Intracellular and Extracellular Domains. Neuroscience 2019; 412:48-59. [PMID: 31158438 PMCID: PMC7299066 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that plays a role in regulating activities such as sleep, appetite, mood and substance abuse disorders; serotonin receptors 5-HT2AR and 5-HT2CR are active within pathways associated with substance abuse. It has been suggested that 5-HT2AR and 5-HT2CR may form a dimer that affects behavioral processes. Here we study the coevolution of residues in 5-HT2AR and 5-HT2CR to identify potential interactions between residues in both proteins. Coevolution studies can detect protein interactions, and since the thus uncovered interactions are subject to evolutionary pressure, they are likely functional. We assessed the significance of the 5-HT2AR/5-HT2CR interactions using randomized phylogenetic trees and found the coevolution significant (p-value = 0.01). We also discuss how co-expression of the receptors suggests the predicted interaction is functional. Finally, we analyze how several single nucleotide polymorphisms for the 5-HT2AR and 5-HT2CR genes affect their interaction. Our findings are the first to characterize the binding interface of 5-HT2AR/5-HT2CR and indicate a correlation between this interface and location of SNPs in both proteins.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Databases, Genetic
- Evolution, Molecular
- Papio anubis
- Phosphorylation
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/genetics
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/metabolism
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C/genetics
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C/metabolism
- Transcriptome
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Fongang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Kathryn A Cunningham
- Center for Addiction Research and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Maga Rowicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Andrzej Kudlicki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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14
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Gonzalez I, Polvillo R, Ruiz-Galdon M, Reyes-Engel A, Royo JL. Dysmorphic contribution of neurotransmitter and neuroendocrine system polymorphisms to subtherapeutic mood states. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01140. [PMID: 30656852 PMCID: PMC6379594 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE From an evolutionary perspective, emotions emerged as rapid adaptive reactions that increase survival rates. Current psychobiology includes the consideration that genetic changes affecting neuroendocrine and neurotransmission pathways may also be affecting mood states. Following this hypothesis, abnormal levels of any of the aminergic neurotransmitters would be of considerable importance in the development of a pathophysiological state. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 668 students from the School of Medicine of the University of Malaga (Average = 22.41 ± 3; 41% men) provided self-report measures of mood states using POMS and GHQ-28 questionnaires and buccal cells for genotyping 19 polymorphisms from 14 selected neurotransmitter pathways genes (HTR1A; HTR2A; HTR2C; HTR3B; TPH1; SLC18A1; SLC18A2; COMT; MAOA; MAOB) and neuroendocrine system (AVPR1B; OPRM1; BDNF; OXTR). RESULTS MAOA rs3788862 genotype correlates with decreasing levels of Tension among females (beta = -0.168, p-value = 0.003) but it is neutral among males in this subscale. On the contrary, it correlates with lower GHQ-28 depression scores among males (beta = -0.196, p-value = 0.008). Equivalently, SLC18A1 and HTR2A variants correlated with anger and vigor scores, only among males. From the neuroendocrine system, OPRM1 rs1799971 correlated increasing levels of female's Anxiety, depression and Social Dysfunction scores. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that these polymorphisms contribute to define general population mood levels, although exhibiting a clear sexual dimorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Gonzalez
- Department of Surgery, Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Rocio Polvillo
- Department of Surgery, Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Seville, Spain
| | - Maximiliano Ruiz-Galdon
- Department of Surgery, Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Armando Reyes-Engel
- Department of Surgery, Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Royo
- Department of Surgery, Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
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15
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Moorman DE. The role of the orbitofrontal cortex in alcohol use, abuse, and dependence. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 87:85-107. [PMID: 29355587 PMCID: PMC6072631 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the major functions of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is to promote flexible motivated behavior. It is no surprise, therefore, that recent work has demonstrated a prominent impact of chronic drug use on the OFC and a potential role for OFC disruption in drug abuse and addiction. Among drugs of abuse, the use of alcohol is particularly salient with respect to OFC function. Although a number of studies in humans have implicated OFC dysregulation in alcohol use disorders, animal models investigating the association between OFC and alcohol use are only beginning to be developed, and there is still a great deal to be revealed. The goal of this review is to consider what is currently known regarding the role of the OFC in alcohol use and dependence. I will first provide a brief, general overview of current views of OFC function and its contributions to drug seeking and addiction. I will then discuss research to date related to the OFC and alcohol use, both in human clinical populations and in non-human models. Finally I will consider issues and strategies to guide future study that may identify this brain region as a key player in the transition from moderated to problematic alcohol use and dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E. Moorman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Neuroscience and Behavior Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst MA 01003 USA
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16
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OPRM1 A118G and serum β-endorphin interact with sex and digit ratio (2D:4D) to influence risk and course of alcohol dependence. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:1418-1428. [PMID: 30322771 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Activation of mesolimbic mu-opioid receptors by their endogenous ligand, β-endorphin, can mediate the rewarding effects of alcohol. However, there is conflicting evidence on the relationship between the mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1) A118G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and alcohol dependence risk. Preclinical evidence suggests that sex and sex hormone-dependent prenatal brain organization may interact with the opioid system to influence alcohol drinking behavior. We genotyped 200 alcohol-dependent patients and 240 healthy individuals for the OPRM1 A118G SNP and measured serum β-endorphin level at recruitment and after acute withdrawal. We then determined the association between these factors and alcohol dependence risk and 24-month outcome in the context of both sex and second-to-fourth digit lengths ratio (2D:4D) - a biomarker of prenatal sex hormone levels. The OPRM1 A118G AA genotype associated with elevated risk of alcohol-related hospital readmission, more readmissions, and fewer days until first readmission in male patients only. After normalizing patient 2D:4D against control 2D:4D, we found that normalized 2D:4D ratios were lower in male 118G patients than male AA patients, suggesting prenatal androgens interact with OPRM1 to influence alcohol dependence risk. In addition, β-endorphin levels after acute withdrawal correlated negatively with withdrawal severity in females but not in males, which may indicate β-endorphin protects against withdrawal-induced stress in a sex-specific manner.
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17
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The OPRM1 A118G polymorphism: converging evidence against associations with alcohol sensitivity and consumption. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:1530-1538. [PMID: 29497164 PMCID: PMC5983535 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-017-0002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The endogenous opioid system may be involved in the development and maintenance of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and is a target for existing AUD pharmacotherapies. A functional polymorphism of the mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1 A118G, rs1799971) may alter the risk of developing AUD. Human laboratory studies have demonstrated that minor allele carriers self-administer more alcohol, show greater sensitivity to alcohol's effects, and exhibit increased alcohol-induced dopamine release. On the other hand, large genome-wide association studies and meta-analyses of candidate gene studies have not found an association between this genotype and alcohol dependence diagnosis. Given this discrepancy, the present study sought to verify whether OPRM1 A118G was associated with alcohol self-administration, subjective response to alcohol, and craving in a sample of 106 social drinkers of European ancestry who completed an intravenous alcohol self-administration session. We found no relationship between OPRM1 rs1799971 genotype and subjective response to alcohol or craving. OPRM1 genotype was not associated with total alcohol exposure or likelihood of attaining a binge-level exposure (80 mg%) during the intravenous alcohol self-administration session. Analysis of 90-day Timeline Followback interview data in a larger sample of 965 participants of European ancestry found no relationship between OPRM1 genotype and alcohol consumption in either alcohol dependent or non-dependent participants. These findings suggest that there may not be an association between OPRM1 rs1799971 genotype and alcohol consumption or sensitivity in individuals of European ancestry.
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18
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The association between COMT rs4680 and OPRM1 rs1799971 polymorphisms and temperamental traits in combat athletes. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Zaso MJ, Maisto SA, Glatt SJ, Belote JM, Park A. Interaction Between the μ-Opioid Receptor Gene and the Number of Heavy-Drinking Peers on Alcohol Use. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:2041-2050. [PMID: 28992386 PMCID: PMC5711571 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of heavy-drinking peers may trigger genetic vulnerabilities to alcohol use. Limited correlational findings, albeit mixed as a function of age, suggest that carriers of a μ-opioid receptor (OPRM1) G allele may be more vulnerable than noncarriers to alcohol-promoting perceived peer environments. However, research has not yet examined such genetic susceptibility to actual (rather than perceived) peer environments through an experimental, ad libitum alcohol administration design. This study examined whether OPRM1 modulates the effects of heavy-drinking group size on alcohol consumption and explored potential mediators of such OPRM1-based differences. METHODS Caucasian young adult moderate to heavy drinkers (N = 116; mean age = 22 years [SD = 2.21], 49% female) were randomly assigned to consume alcohol in the presence of none, 1, or 3 heavy-drinking peer confederates. RESULTS Results showed no significant moderating effects of OPRM1 in the relationship between the number (or presence) of heavy-drinking peers and voluntary alcohol consumption (partial η2 = 0.01). This result remained the same after controlling for sex, age, and typical drinking quantity as well as their 2-way interactions with OPRM1 and social drinking condition. In addition, OPRM1 did not moderate the peer influence on any proposed mediating variables, including craving for alcohol and subjective responses to alcohol. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest no OPRM1-based susceptibility to the number of heavy-drinking peers, adding to the existing mixed findings from correlational studies. Future research on OPRM1-related susceptibility to alcohol-promoting peer environments through meta-analytic synthesis and both experimental and prospective, multiwave designs is needed to resolve these mixed findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle J. Zaso
- Syracuse University, Department of Psychology, 430 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Stephen A. Maisto
- Syracuse University, Department of Psychology, 430 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Stephen J. Glatt
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - John M. Belote
- Syracuse University, Center for Reproductive Evolution/Department of Biology, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Aesoon Park
- Syracuse University, Department of Psychology, 430 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
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20
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Korucuoglu O, Gladwin TE, Baas F, Mocking RJ, Ruhé HG, Groot PF, Wiers RW. Neural response to alcohol taste cues in youth: effects of the OPRM1 gene. Addict Biol 2017; 22:1562-1575. [PMID: 27594419 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variations in the mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1) gene have been related to high sensitivity to rewarding effects of alcohol. The current study focuses on the neural circuitry underlying this phenomenon using an alcohol versus water taste-cue reactivity paradigm in a young sample at relatively early stages of alcohol use, thus limiting the confound of variations in duration of alcohol use. Drinkers (17-21 years old) were selected on genotype carrying the AA-(n = 20) or the AG-(n = 16) variant of the A118G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the OPRM1 gene (rs1799971), and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Magnitude of the neural activity and frontostriatal functional connectivity in response to alcohol versus water were investigated. The AG-group demonstrated reduced activation in prefrontal and parietal regions, including the inferior and middle frontal gyrus, superior and inferior parietal lobule, compared with the AA-group. No activation differences were observed in the mesolimbic pathway. Connectivity from the ventral-striatum to frontal regions for alcohol > water trials was higher in the AG than the AA group. For the dorsal-striatum seed region, the AG group showed increased connectivity to non-PFC regions. These results indicate that adolescents carrying the G-allele may be more vulnerable for the alcohol to hijack the reward system in the absence of frontal control to regulate craving. This implies that findings of hyperactivation in the mesolimbic structures of G-allele carriers in earlier studies might result from both genetic susceptibility and heavy drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Korucuoglu
- Addiction, Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT)-lab, Department of Psychology; University of Amsterdam; The Netherlands
- Department of Psychological Sciences; University of Missouri; Columbia MO USA
| | - Thomas E. Gladwin
- Addiction, Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT)-lab, Department of Psychology; University of Amsterdam; The Netherlands
- Research Centre - Military Mental Health; Ministry of Defense; The Netherlands
| | - Frank Baas
- Department of Genome Analysis; Academic Medical Centre; The Netherlands
| | - Roel J.T. Mocking
- Program for Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - Henricus G. Ruhé
- Program for Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Mood and Anxiety Disorders; Department of Psychiatry; The Netherlands
| | - Paul F.C. Groot
- Department of Radiology; Academic Medical Center; The Netherlands
| | - Reinout W. Wiers
- Addiction, Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT)-lab, Department of Psychology; University of Amsterdam; The Netherlands
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21
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Freet CS, Alexander DN, Imperio CG, Ruiz-Velasco V, Grigson PS. Heroin-induced suppression of saccharin intake in OPRM1 A118G mice. Brain Res Bull 2017; 138:73-79. [PMID: 28939474 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The single nucleotide polymorphism of the μ-opioid receptor, OPRM1 A118G, has been associated with greater drug and alcohol use, increased sensitivity to pain, and reduced sensitivity to the antinociceptive effects of opiates. In the present studies, we employed a 'humanized' mouse model containing the wild-type (118AA) or variant (118GG) allele to examine behavior in a model of heroin-induced devaluation of an otherwise palatable saccharin cue when repeated saccharin-heroin pairings occurred every 24h (Experiment 1) or every 48h (Experiment 2). The results showed that, while both the 118AA and 118GG mice demonstrated robust avoidance of the heroin-paired saccharin cue following daily taste-drug pairings, only the 118AA mice suppressed intake of the heroin-paired saccharin cue when 48h elapsed between each taste-drug pairing. Humanized 118GG mice, then, defend their intake of the sweet cue despite saccharin-heroin pairings and this effect is illuminated by the use of spaced, rather than massed, trials. Given that this pattern of strain difference is not evident with saccharin-cocaine pairings (Freet et al., 2015), reduced avoidance of the heroin-paired saccharin cue by the 118GG mice may be due to an interaction between the opiate and the subjects' drive for the sweet or, alternatively, to differential downstream sensitivity to the aversive kappa mediated properties of the drug. These alternative hypotheses are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Freet
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, United States.
| | - Danielle N Alexander
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Caesar G Imperio
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Victor Ruiz-Velasco
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Patricia S Grigson
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
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22
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Sweeney CG, Rando JM, Panas HN, Miller GM, Platt DM, Vallender EJ. Convergent Balancing Selection on the Mu-Opioid Receptor in Primates. Mol Biol Evol 2017; 34:1629-1643. [PMID: 28333316 PMCID: PMC6279279 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msx105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The mu opioid receptor is involved in many natural processes including stress response, pleasure, and pain. Mutations in the gene also have been associated with opiate and alcohol addictions as well as with responsivity to medication targeting these disorders. Two common and mutually exclusive polymorphisms have been identified in humans, A118G (N40D), found commonly in non-African populations, and C17T (V6A), found almost exclusively in African populations. Although A118G has been studied extensively for associations and in functional assays, C17T is much less well understood. In addition to a parallel polymorphism previously identified in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), C77G (P26R), resequencing in additional non-human primate species identifies further common variation: C140T (P47L) in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), G55C (D19H) in vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabeus), A111T (L37F) in marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), and C55T (P19S) in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis peruviensis). Functional effects on downstream signaling are observed for each of these variants following treatment with the endogenous agonist β-endorphin and the exogenous agonists morphine, DAMGO ([d-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol]-enkephalin), and fentanyl. In addition to demonstrating the importance of functional equivalency in reference to population variation for minority health, this also shows how common evolutionary pressures have produced similar phenotypes across species, suggesting a shared response to environmental needs and perhaps elucidating the mechanism by which these organism-environment interactions are mediated physiologically and molecularly. These studies set the stage for future investigations of shared functional polymorphisms across species as a new genetic tool for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn G. Sweeney
- Division of Neuroscience, New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA
| | - Juliette M. Rando
- Division of Neuroscience, New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA
| | - Helen N. Panas
- Division of Neuroscience, New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA
| | - Gregory M. Miller
- Division of Neuroscience, New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA
| | - Donna M. Platt
- Division of Neuroscience, New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA
| | - Eric J. Vallender
- Division of Neuroscience, New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA
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23
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Katsarou MS, Karakonstantis K, Demertzis N, Vourakis E, Skarpathioti A, Nosyrev AE, Tsatsakis A, Kalogridis T, Drakoulis N. Effect of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in ADH1B, ADH4, ADH1C, OPRM1, DRD2, BDNF, and ALDH2 genes on alcohol dependence in a Caucasian population. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2017; 5. [PMID: 28805974 PMCID: PMC5684860 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is a frequently used addictive substance worldwide. Aim of this study is to determine the frequency distribution of SNPs within ADH1B,ADH4,ADH1C,ALDH2, BDNF,OPRM1, and DRD2 genes in a southeastern European Caucasian population from Greece. For this purpose samples of 1276 volunteers were analyzed after deidentification and anonymization. The allele distribution of the examined polymorphisms in the present Greek population cohort was as follows: rs1229984 (ADH1B): GG(wt) = 64.14%, GA = 29.86%, AA = 4.00%; rs1693482 (ADH1C): CC(wt) = 57.45%, CT = 36.76%, TT = 5.80%; rs1799971 (OPRM1): AA(wt) = 72.43%, AG = 28.72%, GG = 1.89%; rs1800497 (DRD2): CC(wt) = 70.84%, CT = 27.18%, TT = 1.98%; rs1800759 (ADH4): CC(wt) = 34.25%, CA = 48.12%, AA = 17.63%; rs6265 (BDNF): GG(wt) = 65.99%, GA = 31.02%, AA = 2.99%; and rs671 (ALDH2): GG(wt) = 99.84% GA = 0.16%, AA = 0.00%. Mutant rs1229984 allele A was ~6.5× more frequent in the Greek than in the European population. Mutant rs1693482 allele T was ~1.7× more frequent in the European than in the Greek population. Mutant alleles for polymorphisms rs1800759 and rs1799971 show similar frequencies in both northern and southern Europeans. One rs671 mutant A allele was detected in the Greek population (0.08%). The mutant rs1800497 allele T was ~1.2× more frequent in the European than in the Greek population and the mutant rs6265 allele A was ~1.1× more frequent in the European than in the Greek population. An alcohol addiction‐specific algorithm was generated (TGS) that may predict alcohol addiction prevalence in a population. According to our findings, the analyzed Southeastern population may differ genetically from north Europeans due to influences from neighboring Asian and African populations and a calculated TGS score >50 indicates individuals with low susceptibility to develop alcohol addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha-Spyridoula Katsarou
- Research Group of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Karakonstantis
- Research Group of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Demertzis
- Research Group of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Vourakis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - Aspasia Skarpathioti
- Research Group of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - Aleksandr E Nosyrev
- Central Chemical Laboratory of Toxicology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Greece
| | - Theodoris Kalogridis
- Research Group of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Drakoulis
- Research Group of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771, Greece
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Opioidergic tone and pain susceptibility: interactions between reward systems and opioid receptors. Pain 2017; 158:185-186. [PMID: 28092322 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Weerts EM, Wand GS, Maher B, Xu X, Stephens MA, Yang X, McCaul ME. Independent and Interactive Effects of OPRM1 and DAT1 Polymorphisms on Alcohol Consumption and Subjective Responses in Social Drinkers. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:1093-1104. [PMID: 28376280 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study examined independent and interactive effects of polymorphisms of the mu opioid receptor gene (OPRM1, A118G) and variable number tandem repeats of the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1, SLC6A3) on alcohol consumption and subjective responses to alcohol in 127 young, healthy, social drinkers. METHODS Participants completed an in-person assessment, which included self-reported alcohol drinking patterns and blood sampling for DNA, and in a second visit, a cumulative alcohol dosing procedure with subjective ratings across multiple time points and breath alcohol contents (0.03 to 0.1%). DNA was analyzed for OPRM1 AA versus AG/GG (*G) genotypes, DAT1 10-repeat allele (A10) versus 9 or lesser alleles (A9), and ancestral informative markers. RESULTS There were significant epistatic interactions between OPRM1 and DAT1 genotypes. Subjective High Assessment Scale scores after alcohol consumption were highest in *G and A9 carriers, and lowest in *G and A10 carriers. Negative subjective effects were also highest in *G and A9 carriers. Effects were similar in a sensitivity analysis limited to Caucasian subjects. There were independent and epistatic interactions on drinking. The OPRM1 *G allele was independently associated with fewer heavy drinking days. The A9 allele was associated with a greater number of drinking days, which was attenuated in carriers of the *G allele. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the biological importance of interactions between these 2 genes and interactions between brain opioid and dopamine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise M Weerts
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gary S Wand
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brion Maher
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Mental Health, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xiaoqiang Xu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mary Ann Stephens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xiaoju Yang
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mary E McCaul
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Siska V, Jones ER, Jeon S, Bhak Y, Kim HM, Cho YS, Kim H, Lee K, Veselovskaya E, Balueva T, Gallego-Llorente M, Hofreiter M, Bradley DG, Eriksson A, Pinhasi R, Bhak J, Manica A. Genome-wide data from two early Neolithic East Asian individuals dating to 7700 years ago. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1601877. [PMID: 28164156 PMCID: PMC5287702 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Ancient genomes have revolutionized our understanding of Holocene prehistory and, particularly, the Neolithic transition in western Eurasia. In contrast, East Asia has so far received little attention, despite representing a core region at which the Neolithic transition took place independently ~3 millennia after its onset in the Near East. We report genome-wide data from two hunter-gatherers from Devil's Gate, an early Neolithic cave site (dated to ~7.7 thousand years ago) located in East Asia, on the border between Russia and Korea. Both of these individuals are genetically most similar to geographically close modern populations from the Amur Basin, all speaking Tungusic languages, and, in particular, to the Ulchi. The similarity to nearby modern populations and the low levels of additional genetic material in the Ulchi imply a high level of genetic continuity in this region during the Holocene, a pattern that markedly contrasts with that reported for Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Siska
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB23EJ, U.K
- Corresponding author. (V.S.); (R.P.); (J.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Eppie Ruth Jones
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB23EJ, U.K
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sungwon Jeon
- The Genomics Institute, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjune Bhak
- The Genomics Institute, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Min Kim
- The Genomics Institute, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Sung Cho
- The Genomics Institute, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunho Kim
- Geromics, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyusang Lee
- Clinomics Inc., Ulsan 4919, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Tatiana Balueva
- Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Michael Hofreiter
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Faculty for Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Daniel G. Bradley
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anders Eriksson
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB23EJ, U.K
| | - Ron Pinhasi
- School of Archaeology and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Corresponding author. (V.S.); (R.P.); (J.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Jong Bhak
- The Genomics Institute, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Geromics, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. (V.S.); (R.P.); (J.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrea Manica
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB23EJ, U.K
- Corresponding author. (V.S.); (R.P.); (J.B.); (A.M.)
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Bujarski S, Ray LA. Experimental psychopathology paradigms for alcohol use disorders: Applications for translational research. Behav Res Ther 2016; 86:11-22. [PMID: 27266992 PMCID: PMC5067182 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In spite of high prevalence and disease burden, scientific consensus on the etiology and treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) has yet to be reached. The development and utilization of experimental psychopathology paradigms in the human laboratory represents a cornerstone of AUD research. In this review, we describe and critically evaluate the major experimental psychopathology paradigms developed for AUD, with an emphasis on their implications, strengths, weaknesses, and methodological considerations. Specifically we review alcohol administration, self-administration, cue-reactivity, and stress-reactivity paradigms. We also provide an introduction to the application of experimental psychopathology methods to translational research including genetics, neuroimaging, pharmacological and behavioral treatment development, and translational science. Through refining and manipulating key phenotypes of interest, these experimental paradigms have the potential to elucidate AUD etiological factors, improve the efficiency of treatment developments, and refine treatment targets thus advancing precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer Bujarski
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States.
| | - Lara A Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
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Ziauddeen H, Nestor LJ, Subramaniam N, Dodds C, Nathan PJ, Miller SR, Sarai BK, Maltby K, Fernando D, Warren L, Hosking LK, Waterworth D, Korzeniowska A, Win B, Richards DB, Vasist Johnson L, Fletcher PC, Bullmore ET. Opioid Antagonists and the A118G Polymorphism in the μ-Opioid Receptor Gene: Effects of GSK1521498 and Naltrexone in Healthy Drinkers Stratified by OPRM1 Genotype. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:2647-57. [PMID: 27109624 PMCID: PMC5026731 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The A118G single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP rs1799971) in the μ-opioid receptor gene, OPRM1, has been much studied in relation to alcohol use disorders. The reported effects of allelic variation at this SNP on alcohol-related behaviors, and on opioid receptor antagonist treatments, have been inconsistent. We investigated the pharmacogenetic interaction between A118G variation and the effects of two μ-opioid receptor antagonists in a clinical lab setting. Fifty-six overweight and moderate-heavy drinkers were prospectively stratified by genotype (29 AA homozygotes, 27 carriers of at least 1 G allele) in a double-blind placebo-controlled, three-period crossover design with naltrexone (NTX; 25 mg OD for 2 days, then 50 mg OD for 3 days) and GSK1521498 (10 mg OD for 5 days). The primary end point was regional brain activation by the contrast between alcohol and neutral tastes measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Secondary end points included other fMRI contrasts, subjective responses to intravenous alcohol challenge, and food intake. GSK1521498 (but not NTX) significantly attenuated fMRI activation by appetitive tastes in the midbrain and amygdala. GSK1521498 (and NTX to a lesser extent) significantly affected self-reported responses to alcohol infusion. Both drugs reduced food intake. Across all end points, there was less robust evidence for significant effects of OPRM1 allelic variation, or for pharmacogenetic interactions between genotype and drug treatment. These results do not support strong modulatory effects of OPRM1 genetic variation on opioid receptor antagonist attenuation of alcohol- and food-related behaviors. However, they do support further investigation of GSK1521498 as a potential therapeutic for alcohol use and eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Ziauddeen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Fulbourn Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Liam J Nestor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Naresh Subramaniam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chris Dodds
- Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Pradeep J Nathan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, inVentiv Health Clinical, Maidenhead, UK
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Kay Maltby
- GSK Clinical Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Disala Fernando
- GSK Clinical Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Liling Warren
- Acclarogen, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Dawn Waterworth
- Genetics, Target Science, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | | | - Beta Win
- GSK, Global Clinical Safety & Pharmacovigilance, Stockley Park, UK
| | - Duncan B Richards
- Academic Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK
| | | | - Paul C Fletcher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Fulbourn Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Edward T Bullmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Fulbourn Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Academic Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK
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ALCOHOLIZATION IN THE STRUCTURE OF POSTSTRESS MALADJUSTMENT. EUREKA: HEALTH SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.21303/2504-5679.2016.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of the literature data on alcoholic addiction, poststress maladjustment and its combination revealed the significant number of common node moments in pathogenic mechanisms of its appearing and realization. It concerns biological mechanisms that are common for both processes and its activation at one of them provokes the development of the other. First of all it is stem structures of brain and neuroendocrine mechanisms of central and peripheral regulation and its activation is cross for stressor reaction and alcoholization. There was revealed the leading role of stressor reaction mechanisms and its association with poststress maladjustment in formation of psychological alcoholic addiction. There was constructed hypothetical model of development and functioning of association pathogenetic mechanisms with formation of comorbidity of analyzed pathological states.
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Hendershot CS, Claus ED, Ramchandani VA. Associations of OPRM1 A118G and alcohol sensitivity with intravenous alcohol self-administration in young adults. Addict Biol 2016; 21:125-35. [PMID: 25039301 PMCID: PMC4300289 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human laboratory and animal models implicate variation in the μ-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) as relevant for alcohol-related reward. OPRM1 is associated with alcohol self-administration in non-human primate studies, but the relevance of this finding to human models is unclear. This study used computer-assisted self-infusion of ethanol (CASE) to examine associations among OPRM1 A118G genotype, subjective responses to alcohol and intravenous alcohol self-administration in young heavy drinkers (n = 40, mean age = 19.95 years, SD = 0.82). Participants completed a 2-hour CASE session comprising a priming phase followed by ad libitum self-administration in a free-access paradigm. Participants achieved a mean peak breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) of 81.18 mg% (SD = 24.96). Those with the OPRM1 118G variant (GA or GG genotypes) achieved significantly higher peak BrAC (M = 94.90 mg%, SD = 16.56) than those with the AA genotype (M = 74.46 mg%, SD = 25.36), reflecting a significantly greater number of alcohol requests among GA/GG participants. Eighty percent of GA/GG participants surpassed a threshold defining a laboratory analog of heavy alcohol exposure (80 mg%) compared with 46 percent of AA participants. Results indicated significant associations between subjective measures of alcohol sensitivity and CASE outcomes, although the pattern of findings differed across self-report measures. Subjective responses did not differ by OPRM1 status. These results offer further support for the feasibility of the CASE paradigm and provide initial evidence for an association of OPRM1 with alcohol self-administration in a human laboratory context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian S Hendershot
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Eric D Claus
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Vijay A Ramchandani
- Section on Human Psychopharmacology, Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Gladwin TE, Wiers CE, Wiers RW. Cognitive neuroscience of cognitive retraining for addiction medicine: From mediating mechanisms to questions of efficacy. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2015; 224:323-44. [PMID: 26822365 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive retraining or cognitive bias modification (CBM) involves having subjects repeatedly perform a computerized task designed to reduce the impact of automatic processes that lead to harmful behavior. We first discuss the theory underlying CBM and provide a brief overview of important research progress in its application to addiction. We then focus on cognitive- and neural-mediating mechanisms. We consider recent criticism of both CBM and its theoretical foundations. Evaluations of CBM could benefit from considering theory-driven factors that may determine variations in efficacy, such as motivation. Concerning theory, while there is certainly room for fundamental advances in current models, we argue that the basic view of impulsive behavior and its control remains a useful and productive heuristic. Finally, we briefly discuss some interesting new directions for CBM research: enhancement of training via transcranial direct current stimulation, online training, and gamification, i.e., the use of gameplay elements to increase motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Gladwin
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Research Centre-Military Mental Health, Ministry of Defense, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Corinde E Wiers
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu, Berlin, Germany; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Reinout W Wiers
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Mann K, Vollstädt-Klein S, Reinhard I, Leménager T, Fauth-Bühler M, Hermann D, Hoffmann S, Zimmermann US, Kiefer F, Heinz A, Smolka MN. Predicting naltrexone response in alcohol-dependent patients: the contribution of functional magnetic resonance imaging. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 38:2754-62. [PMID: 25421512 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effect sizes of pharmacotherapy in alcoholism are modest. They might improve if subjects could be divided into more homogeneous subgroups and would then be treated targeted to their neurobiological profile. In such an effort, we tested neural cue reactivity as a potential predictor of treatment response to naltrexone. Alcohol-associated cues cause brain activations in mesocorticolimbic networks due to the positive reinforcing properties of alcohol. These activations were reported to be associated with relapse behavior. Naltrexone, an antagonist at the mu-opioid receptor, improves drinking behavior in some but not all patients probably by blocking the positive reinforcement of alcohol. Conversely, acamprosate is proposed to modulate negative reinforcement (withdrawal and cue-induced withdrawal). Identifying subjects with elevated cue reactivity and testing their response to medical treatment could thus improve our understanding of some of the mechanisms underlying pharmacotherapy response. METHODS A picture-perception task featuring alcohol-related and neutral stimuli was presented to 64 recently detoxified alcohol-dependent patients. Patients came from 1 center of a larger double-blind randomized multicenter clinical trial (the "PREDICT Study"). They were scanned prior to being randomized to either naltrexone or acamprosate. We examined the interaction between medication and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) cue reactivity, as measured by the percentage of voxels activated, using the time to the first severe relapse as the outcome criterion. Our a priori formulated hypothesis was that naltrexone but not acamprosate should be efficacious in subjects with high cue reactivity. RESULTS We observed an interaction effect between pretreatment brain activation induced by alcohol images and medication (acamprosate/naltrexone) on relapse behavior. In line with our hypothesis, this interaction was driven by treatment response to naltrexone in patients with elevated pretreatment cue reactivity in the ventral striatum. CONCLUSIONS fMRI has the potential for predicting treatment response to naltrexone in a subgroup of alcohol-dependent patients. However, this approach will be limited to researching the mechanisms and principles of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Mann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
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Bastiaens L, Galus J, Goodlin M. The 12 item W.H.O.D.A.S. as primary self report outcome measure in a correctional community treatment center for dually diagnosed patients. Psychiatr Q 2015; 86:219-24. [PMID: 25262006 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-014-9322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Scale (WHODAS) is suggested as a measure of impairment in DSM-5. The measurement of impaired functioning is crucial in the rehabilitation of dually diagnosed, addiction and mental health, patients. This study is the first to look at the use of the 12 item self report WHODAS as the primary outcome in a community correctional treatment facility for dually diagnosed patients.100 (55 male; 73 white, 25 black, 2 hispanic) former inmates, age 36.1 ± 11.1, with psychiatric and addiction diagnoses were treated in an integrated program. The 12 item WHODAS was completed by the patients during the initial evaluation and repeated an average of 11.1 ± 2.7 weeks later. The Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale (CGI) was completed at the same time by the psychiatrist, independently of the WHODAS. At initial assessment, the CGI showed moderate severity and the WHODAS showed severe disability. CGI and WHODAS were significantly correlated (R 0.48, p < 0.0001). After three months of treatment, both measures improved: CGI with 46% and WHODAS with 49%. The CGI showed mild severity and the WHODAS moderate disability. The change in CGI was correlated with the change in WHODAS (R 0.57, p < 0.0001). The WHODAS appears sensitive to clinical improvement related to shortterm treatment of a highly co-morbid dual diagnosis population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Bastiaens
- Renewal Treatment Inc., 700 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA,
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Mague SD, Port RG, McMullen ME, Carlson GC, Turner JR. Mouse model of OPRM1 (A118G) polymorphism has altered hippocampal function. Neuropharmacology 2015; 97:426-35. [PMID: 25986698 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the human μ-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1 A118G) has been widely studied for its association in a variety of drug addiction and pain sensitivity phenotypes; however, the extent of these adaptations and the mechanisms underlying these associations remain elusive. To clarify the functional mechanisms linking the OPRM1 A118G SNP to altered phenotypes, we used a mouse model possessing the equivalent nucleotide/amino acid substitution in the Oprm1 gene. In order to investigate the impact of this SNP on circuit function, we used voltage-sensitive dye imaging in hippocampal slices and in vivo electroencephalogram recordings of the hippocampus following MOPR activation. As the hippocampus contains excitatory pyramidal cells whose activity is highly regulated by a dense network of inhibitory neurons, it serves as an ideal structure to evaluate how putative receptor function abnormalities may influence circuit activity. We found that MOPR activation increased excitatory responses in wild-type animals, an effect that was significantly reduced in animals possessing the Oprm1 SNP. Furthermore, in order to assess the in vivo effects of this SNP during MOPR activation, EEG recordings of hippocampal activity following morphine administration corroborated a loss-of-function phenotype. In conclusion, as these mice have been shown to have similar MOPR expression in the hippocampus between genotypes, these data suggest that the MOPR A118G SNP results in a loss of receptor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Mague
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Russell G Port
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael E McMullen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Greg C Carlson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jill R Turner
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29036, USA.
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Francès F, Portolés O, Castelló A, Costa JA, Verdú F. Association between Opioid Receptor mu 1 (OPRM1) Gene Polymorphisms and Tobacco and Alcohol Consumption in a Spanish Population. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2015; 15:31-6. [PMID: 26042510 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2015.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence gained from animals and humans suggests that the encephalic opioid system might be involved in the development of drug addiction through its role in reward. Our aim is to assess the influence of genetic variations in the opioid receptor mu 1 on alcohol and tobacco consumption in a Spanish population. 763 unrelated individuals (465 women, 298 men) aged 18-85 years were recruited between October 2011 and April 2012. Participants were requested to answer a 35-item questionnaire on tobacco and alcohol consumption, as well as to complete the AUDIT and Fagerström tests. Individuals were genotyped for three polymorphisms in the opioid receptor mu 1 (OPRM1) gene, using a TaqMan protocol. In males, the rs10485057 polymorphism was associated with total pure ethanol intake and with the risk of being an alcohol consumer. Also, this polymorphism was significantly associated with higher Fagerström scores. Rs1799971 had a different influence on adaptive and maladaptive patterns of alcohol use. Despite the limited sample size, our study might enrich current knowledge on patterns of alcohol use, because it encompasses both extreme and adaptive phenotypes, providing thus a wider perspective on this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Francès
- Department of Preventive and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia.
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Ceccanti M, Inghilleri M, Attilia ML, Raccah R, Fiore M, Zangen A, Ceccanti M. Deep TMS on alcoholics: effects on cortisolemia and dopamine pathway modulation. A pilot study. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:283-90. [PMID: 25730614 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis and dopamine have a key role in transition from alcohol social use to addiction. The medial prefrontal cortex was shown to modulate dopaminergic activity and cortisol releasing factor (CRF) release in hypothalamic and extra-hypothalamic systems. The recent advancements in non-invasive neurostimulation technologies has enabled stimulation of deeper brain regions using H-coil transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in humans. This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study aims to evaluate H-coil efficacy in stimulating the medial prefrontal cortex. Cortisolemia and prolactinemia were evaluated as effectiveness markers. Alcohol intake and craving were considered as secondary outcomes. Eighteen alcoholics were recruited and randomized into 2 homogeneous groups: 9 in the real stimulation group and 9 in the sham stimulation group. Repetitive TMS (rTMS) was administered through a magnetic stimulator over 10 sessions at 20 Hz, directed to the medial prefrontal cortex. rTMS significantly reduced blood cortisol levels and decreased prolactinemia, thus suggesting dopamine increase. Craving visual analogic scale (VAS) in treated patients decreased, as well as mean number of alcoholic drinks/day and drinks on days of maximum alcohol intake (DMAI). In the sham group there was no significant effect observed on cortisolemia, prolactinemia, mean number of alcoholic drinks/day, or drinks/DMAI. Thus, deep rTMS could be considered a potential new treatment for alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ceccanti
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, 00161 Rome, Italy
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DeMartini KS, Fucito LM, O'Malley SS. Novel Approaches to Individual Alcohol Interventions for Heavy Drinking College Students and Young Adults. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2015; 2:47-57. [PMID: 26258001 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-015-0043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Efficacious alcohol interventions for college students and young adults have been developed but produce small effects of limited duration. This paper provides a review and critique of novel (e.g., a significant deviation from a traditional, brief, and motivational intervention) interventions published between 2009 and 2014 to reduce alcohol use in this population and covers intervention format/components and efficacy on alcohol outcomes. We reviewed 12 randomized controlled trials of novel, individual-level alcohol interventions that reported alcohol outcomes. Four domains of novel interventions are discussed: content (e.g., pharmaco-therapy and automatic action tendency retraining), setting (e.g., health centers and ED), modality (e.g., mobile technology), and treatment integration. Findings were mixed for intervention efficacy to reduce amount and frequency of alcohol consumption. Few studies assessed impact on alcohol-related problems. Despite the prevalence of efficacious interventions, there is still an urgent need for novel treatment approaches and delivery mechanisms for this difficult-to-treat population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly S DeMartini
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 1 Long Wharf Drive, Box 18, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Lisa M Fucito
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 1 Long Wharf Drive, Box 18, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Stephanie S O'Malley
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine and Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Connecticut Mental Health Center -SAC 202, 34 Park St., New Haven, CT 06519, USA
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Petit G, Cimochowska A, Cevallos C, Cheron G, Kornreich C, Hanak C, Schroder E, Verbanck P, Campanella S. Reduced processing of alcohol cues predicts abstinence in recently detoxified alcoholic patients in a three-month follow up period: an ERP study. Behav Brain Res 2015; 282:84-94. [PMID: 25576964 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
One of the major challenges in alcohol dependence is relapse prevention, as rates of relapse following detoxification are high. Drug-related motivational processes may represent key mechanisms in alcoholic relapse. In the present study, event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded during a visual oddball task administered to 29 controls (11 females) and 39 patients (9 females). Deviant stimuli were related or unrelated to alcohol. For patients, the task was administered following a 3-week detoxification course. Of these, 19 relapsed during the three months follow-up period. The P3, an ERP component associated with activation of arousal systems in the brain and motivational engagement, was examined with the aim to link the fluctuation of its amplitude in response to alcohol versus non-alcohol cues to the observed relapse rate. Results showed that compared to relapsers, abstainers presented with a decreased P3 amplitude for alcohol related compared to non-alcohol related pictures (p=.009). Microstate analysis and sLORETA topography showed that activation for both types of deviant cues in abstainers originated from the inferior and medial temporal gyrus and the uncus, regions implicated in detection of target stimuli in oddball tasks and of biologically relevant stimuli. Through hierarchical regression, it was found that the P3 amplitude difference between alcohol and non-alcohol related cues was the best predictor of relapse vulnerability (p=.013). Therefore, it seems that a devaluation of the motivational significance of stimuli related to alcohol, measurable through electrophysiology, could protect from a relapse within three months following detoxification in alcohol-dependent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Petit
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Agnieszka Cimochowska
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carlos Cevallos
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guy Cheron
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles Kornreich
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine Hanak
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elisa Schroder
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paul Verbanck
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Salvatore Campanella
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
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Freet CS, Ballard SM, Alexander DN, Cox TA, Imperio CG, Anosike N, Carter AB, Mahmoud S, Ruiz-Velasco V, Grigson PS. Cocaine-induced suppression of saccharin intake and morphine modulation of Ca²⁺ channel currents in sensory neurons of OPRM1 A118G mice. Physiol Behav 2014; 139:216-23. [PMID: 25449401 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that human carriers of the single nucleotide polymorphism of the μ-opioid receptor, OPRM1 A118G, exhibit greater drug and alcohol use, increased sensitivity to pain, and reduced sensitivity to the antinociceptive effects of opiates. In the present study, we employed a 'humanized' mouse model containing the wild-type (118AA) or variant (118GG) allele to examine behavior in our model of drug-induced suppression of a natural reward cue and to compare the morphine pharmacological profile in acutely isolated sensory neurons. Compared with 118AA mice, our results demonstrate that homozygous 118GG mice exhibit greater avoidance of the cocaine-paired saccharin cue, a behavior linked to an aversive withdrawal-like state. Electrophysiological recordings confirmed the reduced modulation of Ca(2+) channels by morphine in trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons from 118GG mice compared to the 118AA control cells. However, repeated cocaine exposure in 118GG mice led to a leftward shift of the morphine concentration-response relationship when compared with 118GG control mice, while a rightward shift was observed in 118AA mice. These results suggest that cocaine exposure of mice carrying the 118G allele leads to a heightened sensitivity of the reward system and a blunted modulation of Ca(2+) channels by morphine in sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Freet
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Sarah M Ballard
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Danielle N Alexander
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Taylor A Cox
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Caesar G Imperio
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Nnaemeka Anosike
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Alyssa B Carter
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Saifeldin Mahmoud
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Victor Ruiz-Velasco
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Patricia S Grigson
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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Faisal M, Waseem D, Ismatullah H, Taqi MM. A molecular prospective provides new insights into implication of PDYN and OPRK1 genes in alcohol dependence. Comput Biol Med 2014; 53:250-7. [PMID: 25177835 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) both in coding and non-coding regions govern gene functions prompting differential vulnerability to diseases, heterogeneous response to pharmaceutical regimes and environmental anomalies. These genetic variations, SNPs, may alter an individual׳s susceptibility for alcohol dependence by remodeling DNA-protein interaction patterns in prodynorphin (PDYN) and the κ-opioid receptor (OPRK1) genes. In order to elaborate the underlying molecular mechanism behind these susceptibility differences we used bioinformatics tools to retrieve differential DNA-protein interactions at PDYN and OPRK1 SNPs significantly associated with alcohol dependence. Our results show allele-specific DNA-protein interactions depicting allele-specific mechanisms implicated in differential regulation of gene expression. Several transcription factors, for instance, VDR, RXR-alpha, NFYA, CTF family, USF-1, USF2, ER, AR and predominantly SP family show an allele-specific binding affinity with PDYN gene; likewise, GATA, TBP, AP-1, USF-2, C/EBPbeta, Cart-1 and ER interact with OPRK1 SNPs on intron 2 in an allele-specific manner. In a nutshell, transition of a single nucleotide may modify differential DNA-protein interactions at OPRK1 and PDYN׳s SNPs, significantly associated with pathology that may lead to altered individual vulnerability for alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faisal
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Durdana Waseem
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Ismatullah
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Malik Mumtaz Taqi
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
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Abstract
To date, few pharmacotherapies have been established for the treatment of alcoholism. There is a plethora of research concerning the involvement of the opioid-endorphin system in mediating the reinforcing effects of alcohol. The opioid antagonist naltrexone has been found to be effective in alcohol treatment. In addition, the mu-opioid antagonist and partial kappa agonist nalmefene was recently approved by the European Medicines Agency for the treatment of alcoholism. The relevant studies followed a harm-reduction, 'as needed' approach and showed a reduction in alcohol consumption with nalmefene 20 mg rather than increased abstinence rates, (which was not the primary goal of the relevant studies). The available literature is reviewed and discussed. Nalmefene appears to be a safe and effective treatment for alcohol dependence.
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Leeman RF, Beseler CL, Helms CM, Patock-Peckham JA, Wakeling VA, Kahler CW. A brief, critical review of research on impaired control over alcohol use and suggestions for future studies. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2014; 38:301-8. [PMID: 24117468 PMCID: PMC3946792 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Impaired control, defined as "a breakdown of an intention to limit consumption" (Heather et al. J Stud Alcohol 1993; 54, 701), has historically been considered an important aspect of addiction. Despite recognition of its importance to addiction and potential value as an early indicator of problem drinking risk, we argue that impaired control over alcohol use has not received sufficient research attention. In an effort to spark further research, the present critical review offers brief discussion of the current state of knowledge regarding impaired control and avenues for future research. Three main research areas are addressed: (i) epidemiology; (ii) measurement issues; and (iii) potential mechanisms underlying relationships between impaired control and subsequent problem drinking. Measurement issues include complexities involved in self-report assessment of impaired control, development and validation of human and animal laboratory models, and impaired control's relationship to other constructs (i.e., impulsivity and other difficulties with self-control; symptoms of dependence such as craving). We discuss briefly 2 potential mechanisms that may help to explain why some drinkers experience impaired control while others do not: neurobiological dysfunction and family history/genetics. Suggestions for future research are focused on ways in which the impaired control construct may enhance prediction of who might be at particular risk of subsequent problem drinking and to facilitate intervention to reduce problem alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Leeman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Matsushita S, Higuchi S. Genetic differences in response to alcohol. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2014; 125:617-27. [PMID: 25307600 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62619-6.00036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The level of response to alcohol, which reflects individual differences in sensitivity to the pharmacologic effects of alcohol, is considered to be an important endophenotype of alcohol use disorder (AUD). By comparing monozygotic and dizygotic twins, the heritability of the level of response to alcohol has been estimated to be 60%. Many genes have been implicated as potential contributors toward heavy drinking, alcohol-related problems, and AUD through a low level of response to alcohol, each with a small effect. Identified are genes for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, serotonin transporter, opioid receptor, and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, but the most well-characterized genes that have a strong impact on the level of response to alcohol are those for alcohol-metabolizing enzymes. Although two genetic variations in alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases, which have been the most intensively studied, exist almost exclusively in Asian populations, studies on the effect of genetic variations in alcohol-metabolizing enzymes on the response to alcohol are gradually expanding in non-Asian populations. In this chapter, we focus on genetic studies in humans. After analyzing the overall influence of genetic factors on the response to alcohol, we explore individual genes that may influence the response to alcohol. Lastly, we review studies examining the effects of genetic variations in alcohol-metabolizing enzymes on the level of response to alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachio Matsushita
- National Hospital Organization, Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Susumu Higuchi
- National Hospital Organization, Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Kanagawa, Japan
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Petit G, Cimochowska A, Kornreich C, Hanak C, Verbanck P, Campanella S. Neurophysiological correlates of response inhibition predict relapse in detoxified alcoholic patients: some preliminary evidence from event-related potentials. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2014; 10:1025-37. [PMID: 24966675 PMCID: PMC4062548 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s61475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol dependence is a chronic relapsing disease. The impairment of response inhibition and alcohol-cue reactivity are the main cognitive mechanisms that trigger relapse. Despite the interaction suggested between the two processes, they have long been investigated as two different lines of research. The present study aimed to investigate the interaction between response inhibition and alcohol-cue reactivity and their potential link with relapse. MATERIALS AND METHODS Event-related potentials were recorded during a variant of a "go/no-go" task. Frequent and rare stimuli (to be inhibited) were superimposed on neutral, nonalcohol-related, and alcohol-related contexts. The task was administered following a 3-week detoxification course. Relapse outcome was measured after 3 months, using self-reported abstinence. There were 27 controls (seven females) and 27 patients (seven females), among whom 13 relapsed during the 3-month follow-up period. The no-go N2, no-go P3, and the "difference" wave (P3d) were examined with the aim of linking neural correlates of response inhibition on alcohol-related contexts to the observed relapse rate. RESULTS Results showed that 1) at the behavioral level, alcohol-dependent patients made significantly more commission errors than controls (P<0.001), independently of context; 2) through the subtraction no-go P3 minus go P3, this inhibition deficit was neurophysiologically indexed in patients with greater P3d amplitudes (P=0.034); and 3) within the patient group, increased P3d amplitude enabled us to differentiate between future relapsers and nonrelapsers (P=0.026). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that recently detoxified alcoholics are characterized by poorer response-inhibition skills that demand greater neural resources. We propose that event-related potentials can be used in conjunction with behavioral data to predict relapse; this would identify patients that need a higher level of neural resources when suppressing a response is requested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Petit
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Agnieszka Cimochowska
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles Kornreich
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine Hanak
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paul Verbanck
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Salvatore Campanella
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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46
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Enoch MA. Genetic influences on response to alcohol and response to pharmacotherapies for alcoholism. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 123:17-24. [PMID: 24220019 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although very many individuals drink alcohol at safe levels, a significant proportion escalates their consumption with addiction as the end result. Alcoholism is a common, moderately heritable, psychiatric disorder that is accompanied by considerable morbidity and mortality. Variation in clinical presentation suggests inter-individual variation in mechanisms of vulnerability including genetic risk factors. The development of addiction is likely to involve numerous functional genetic variants of small effects. The first part of this review will focus on genetic factors underlying inter-individual variability in response to alcohol consumption, including variants in alcohol metabolizing genes that produce an aversive response (the flushing syndrome) and variants that predict the level of subjective and physiological response to alcohol. The second part of this review will report on genetic variants that identify subgroups of alcoholics who are more likely to respond to pharmacotherapy to reduce levels of drinking or maintain abstinence. Genetic analyses of the level of response to alcohol, particularly of the functional OPRM1 A118G polymorphism and 5' and 3' functional polymorphisms in SLC6A4, are beginning to provide insights into the etiology of alcoholism and also genotype-stratified subgroup responses to naltrexone and SSRIs/ondansetron respectively. Because of large inter-ethnic variation in allele frequencies, the relevance of these functional polymorphisms will vary between ethnic groups. However there are relatively few published studies in this field, particularly with large sample sizes in pharmacogenetic studies, therefore it is premature to draw any conclusions at this stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Anne Enoch
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
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47
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Crist RC, Berrettini WH. Pharmacogenetics of OPRM1. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 123:25-33. [PMID: 24201053 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacogenetic research has the potential to explain the variation in treatment efficacy within patient populations. Understanding the interaction between genetic variation and medications may provide a method for matching patients to the most effective therapeutic options and improving overall patient outcomes. The OPRM1 gene has been a target of interest in a large number of pharmacogenetic studies due to its genetic and structural variation, as well as the role of opioid receptors in a variety of disorders. The mu-opioid receptor (MOR), encoded by OPRM1, naturally regulates the analgesic response to pain and also controls the rewarding effects of many drugs of abuse, including opioids, nicotine, and alcohol. Genetic variants in OPRM1, particularly the non-synonymous polymorphism A118G, have been repeatedly associated with the efficacy of treatments for pain and various types of dependence. This review focuses on the current understanding of the pharmacogenetic impact of OPRM1, primarily with regard to the treatment of pain and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Crist
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 125 South 31st St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - Wade H Berrettini
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 125 South 31st St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
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48
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Hulse GK. Improving clinical outcomes for naltrexone as a management of problem alcohol use. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 76:632-41. [PMID: 22946873 PMCID: PMC3853523 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04452.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being a relatively effective and safe treatment, the clinical management of alcohol abuse/dependence by oral naltrexone can be compromised due to the patient's non-compliance with daily use of this medication. Over the past decade an increasing body of research has suggested that the use of sustained release depot naltrexone preparations can overcome this issue and deliver improved clinical outcomes. However, at the same time, research findings from diverse areas of pharmacogenetics, neurobiology and behavioural psychology have also been converging to identify variables including genetic markers, patient psychosocial characteristics and drug use history differences, or clusters of these variables that play a major role in mediating the response of alcohol abuse/dependent persons to treatment by naltrexone. While this article does not attempt to review all available data pertaining to an individual alcohol dependent patient's response to treatment by naltrexone, it does identify relevant research areas and highlights the importance of data arising from them. The characterization of clinical markers, to identify those patients who are most likely to benefit from naltrexone and to tailor a more individual naltrexone treatment, will ultimately provide significant benefit to both patients and clinicians by optimizing treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary K Hulse
- Addiction Medicine, School of Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences (M521), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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49
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Eberl C, Wiers RW, Pawelczack S, Rinck M, Becker ES, Lindenmeyer J. Implementation of Approach Bias Re-Training in Alcoholism-How Many Sessions are Needed? Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2013; 38:587-94. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Eberl
- Salus Clinic; Lindow Germany
- Behavioural Science Institute; Radboud University; Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - Reinout W. Wiers
- ADAPT-Lab; Department of Psychology; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Steffen Pawelczack
- Salus Clinic; Lindow Germany
- Behavioural Science Institute; Radboud University; Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - Mike Rinck
- Behavioural Science Institute; Radboud University; Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - Eni S. Becker
- Behavioural Science Institute; Radboud University; Nijmegen the Netherlands
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50
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van der Zwaluw CS, Otten R, Kleinjan M, Engels RCME. Different Trajectories of Adolescent Alcohol Use: Testing Gene-Environment Interactions. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2013; 38:704-12. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen S. van der Zwaluw
- Freelance researcher at Zwaluwstyle ; Nijmegen the Netherlands
- Eindhoven University of Technology ; Eindhoven the Netherlands
| | - Roy Otten
- Behavioural Science Institute ; Radboud University Nijmegen; Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - Marloes Kleinjan
- Behavioural Science Institute ; Radboud University Nijmegen; Nijmegen the Netherlands
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