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Al Rihani SB, Elfakhri KH, Ebrahim HY, Al-Ghraiybah NF, Alkhalifa AE, El Sayed KA, Kaddoumi A. The Usnic Acid Analogue 4-FPBUA Enhances the Blood-Brain Barrier Function and Induces Autophagy in Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Models. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:3152-3167. [PMID: 39145537 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB) function contributes to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. BBB breakdown ranged from mild disruption of tight junctions (TJs) with increased BBB permeability to chronic integrity loss, affecting transport across the BBB, reducing brain perfusion, and triggering inflammatory responses. We recently developed a high-throughput screening (HTS) assay to identify hit compounds that enhance the function of a cell-based BBB model. The HTS screen identified (S,E)-2-acetyl-6-[3-(4'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)acryloyl]-3,7,9-trihydroxy-8,9b-dimethyldibenzo-[b,d]furan-1(9bH)-one (4-FPBUA), a semisynthetic analogue of naturally occurring usnic acid, which protected the in vitro model against Aβ toxicity. Usnic acid is a lichen-derived secondary metabolite with a unique dibenzofuran skeleton that is commonly found in lichenized fungi of the genera Usnea. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of 4-FPBUA in vitro on the cell-based BBB model function and its in vivo ability to rectify BBB function and reduce brain Aβ in two AD mouse models, namely, 5xFAD and TgSwDI. Our findings demonstrated that 4-FPBUA enhanced cell-based BBB function, increased Aβ transport across the monolayer, and reversed BBB breakdown in vivo by enhancing autophagy as an mTOR inhibitor. Induced autophagy was associated with a significant reduction in Aβ accumulation and related pathologies and improved memory function. These results underscore the potential of 4-FPBUA as a candidate for further preclinical exploration to better understand its mechanisms of action and to optimize dosing strategies. Continued research may also elucidate additional pathways through which 4-FPBUA contributed to the amelioration of BBB dysfunction in AD. Collectively, our findings supported the development of 4-FPBUA as a therapeutic agent against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweilem B Al Rihani
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Research Building, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Khaled H Elfakhri
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana 71201, United States
| | - Hassan Y Ebrahim
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana 71201, United States
| | - Nour F Al-Ghraiybah
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Research Building, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Amer E Alkhalifa
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Research Building, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Khalid A El Sayed
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana 71201, United States
| | - Amal Kaddoumi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Research Building, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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Thal DR, Gawor K, Moonen S. Regulated cell death and its role in Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:69. [PMID: 38583129 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02722-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Despite considerable research efforts, it is still not clear which mechanisms underlie neuronal cell death in neurodegenerative diseases. During the last 20 years, multiple pathways have been identified that can execute regulated cell death (RCD). Among these RCD pathways, apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, autophagy-related cell death, and lysosome-dependent cell death have been intensively investigated. Although RCD consists of numerous individual pathways, multiple common proteins have been identified that allow shifting from one cell death pathway to another. Another layer of complexity is added by mechanisms such as the endosomal machinery, able to regulate the activation of some RCD pathways, preventing cell death. In addition, restricted axonal degeneration and synaptic pruning can occur as a result of RCD activation without loss of the cell body. RCD plays a complex role in neurodegenerative processes, varying across different disorders. It has been shown that RCD is differentially involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), among the most common neurodegenerative diseases. In AD, neuronal loss is associated with the activation of not only necroptosis, but also pyroptosis. In ALS, on the other hand, motor neuron death is not linked to canonical necroptosis, whereas pyroptosis pathway activation is seen in white matter microglia. Despite these differences in the activation of RCD pathways in AD and ALS, the accumulation of protein aggregates immunoreactive for p62/SQSTM1 (sequestosome 1) is a common event in both diseases and many other neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we describe the major RCD pathways with clear activation in AD and ALS, the main interactions between these pathways, as well as their differential and similar involvement in these disorders. Finally, we will discuss targeting RCD as an innovative therapeutic concept for neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD and ALS. Considering that the execution of RCD or "cellular suicide" represents the final stage in neurodegeneration, it seems crucial to prevent neuronal death in patients by targeting RCD. This would offer valuable time to address upstream events in the pathological cascade by keeping the neurons alive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Rudolf Thal
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU-Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Klara Gawor
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU-Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Moonen
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU-Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
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Bermejo-Pareja F, del Ser T. Controversial Past, Splendid Present, Unpredictable Future: A Brief Review of Alzheimer Disease History. J Clin Med 2024; 13:536. [PMID: 38256670 PMCID: PMC10816332 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The concept of Alzheimer disease (AD)-since its histological discovery by Alzheimer to the present day-has undergone substantial modifications. Methods: We conducted a classical narrative review of this field with a bibliography selection (giving preference to Medline best match). Results: The following subjects are reviewed and discussed: Alzheimer's discovery, Kraepelin's creation of a new disease that was a rare condition until the 1970's, the growing interest and investment in AD as a major killer in a society with a large elderly population in the second half of the 20th century, the consolidation of the AD clinicopathological model, and the modern AD nosology based on the dominant amyloid hypothesis among many others. In the 21st century, the development of AD biomarkers has supported a novel biological definition of AD, although the proposed therapies have failed to cure this disease. The incidence of dementia/AD has shown a decrease in affluent countries (possibly due to control of risk factors), and mixed dementia has been established as the most frequent etiology in the oldest old. Conclusions: The current concept of AD lacks unanimity. Many hypotheses attempt to explain its complex physiopathology entwined with aging, and the dominant amyloid cascade has yielded poor therapeutic results. The reduction in the incidence of dementia/AD appears promising but it should be confirmed in the future. A reevaluation of the AD concept is also necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Bermejo-Pareja
- CIBERNED, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Research i+12, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Teodoro del Ser
- Alzheimer’s Centre Reina Sofia—CIEN Foundation, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain;
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Alber J, Bouwman F, den Haan J, Rissman RA, De Groef L, Koronyo‐Hamaoui M, Lengyel I, Thal DR. Retina pathology as a target for biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease: Current status, ophthalmopathological background, challenges, and future directions. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:728-740. [PMID: 37917365 PMCID: PMC10917008 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
There is emerging evidence that amyloid beta protein (Aβ) and tau-related lesions in the retina are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ and hyperphosphorylated (p)-tau deposits have been described in the retina and were associated with small amyloid spots visualized by in vivo imaging techniques as well as degeneration of the retina. These changes correlate with brain amyloid deposition as determined by histological quantification, positron emission tomography (PET) or clinical diagnosis of AD. However, the literature is not coherent on these histopathological and in vivo imaging findings. One important reason for this is the variability in the methods and the interpretation of findings across different studies. In this perspective, we indicate the critical methodological deviations among different groups and suggest a roadmap moving forward on how to harmonize (i) histopathologic examination of retinal tissue; (ii) in vivo imaging among different methods, devices, and interpretation algorithms; and (iii) inclusion/exclusion criteria for studies aiming at retinal biomarker validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Alber
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonRhode IslandUSA
- Butler Hospital Memory & Aging ProgramProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - Femke Bouwman
- Amsterdam UMC, location VUmcAlzheimer Center, Department of NeurologyAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jurre den Haan
- Amsterdam UMC, location VUmcAlzheimer Center, Department of NeurologyAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Robert A. Rissman
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research InstituteKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lies De Groef
- Cellular Communication and Neurodegeneration Research Group, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Division, Department of BiologyLeuven Brain InstituteKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Maya Koronyo‐Hamaoui
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Neurology, and Biomedical SciencesMaxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research Institute, Cedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Imre Lengyel
- The Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical ScienceQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Dietmar Rudolf Thal
- Laboratory of NeuropathologyDepartment of Imaging and Pathology, and Leuven Brain Institute, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Department of PathologyUZ LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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Gholami M, Sadegh M, Koroush-Arami M, Norouzi S, Arismani RJ, Asadi E, Amini M, Khodayari N. Targeting memory loss with aspirin, a molecular mechanism perspective for future therapeutic approaches. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:2827-2842. [PMID: 37924473 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), also known as aspirin, was discovered in 1897 as an acetylated form of salicylate. It has been widely used for its anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet effects. It is commonly used for its cardiovascular benefits and is prescribed as secondary prophylaxis after a heart attack. Furthermore, low-dose, long-term ASA is used to reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke in individuals without prior cardiovascular disease. Acetylsalicylic acid acts as a non-selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX), which inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins and prevents pro-inflammatory cytokines. Findings suggest that targeting cytokines and growth factors could be a potential therapeutic strategy for reducing neuroinflammation and slowing down the progression of dementia. Additionally, prostaglandins contribute to synaptic plasticity and can act as retrograde messengers in synapses. Research has implicated COX-1, one of the isoforms of the enzyme, in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disorders. The inhibition of COX-1 might potentially prevent impairments in working memory and reduce neuroinflammation caused by beta-amyloid proteins in some conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cyclooxygenase-2, an inducible form of the enzyme, is expressed in cortical and hippocampal neurons and is associated with long-term synaptic plasticity. The inhibition or knockout of COX-2 has been shown to decrease long-term potentiation, a process involved in memory formation. Studies have also demonstrated that the administration of COX-2 inhibitors impairs cognitive function and memory acquisition and recall in animal models. There remains a debate regarding the effects of aspirin on dementia and cognitive decline. Although some studies suggest a possible protective effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including aspirin, against the development of AD, others have shown inconsistent evidence. This review provides an overview of the effects of ASA or its active metabolite salicylate on learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Gholami
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Sadegh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Koroush-Arami
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Rasoul Jafari Arismani
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Erfan Asadi
- Medical Student, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amini
- Medical Student, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Nahid Khodayari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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Sokolovič L, Hofmann MJ, Mohammad N, Kukolja J. Neuropsychological differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia: a systematic review with meta-regressions. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1267434. [PMID: 38020767 PMCID: PMC10657839 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1267434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diagnostic classification systems and guidelines posit distinguishing patterns of impairment in Alzheimer's (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). In our study, we aim to identify which diagnostic instruments distinguish them. Methods We searched PubMed and PsychInfo for empirical studies published until December 2020, which investigated differences in cognitive, behavioral, psychiatric, and functional measures in patients older than 64 years and reported information on VaD subtype, age, education, dementia severity, and proportion of women. We systematically reviewed these studies and conducted Bayesian hierarchical meta-regressions to quantify the evidence for differences using the Bayes factor (BF). The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa-Scale and funnel plots. Results We identified 122 studies with 17,850 AD and 5,247 VaD patients. Methodological limitations of the included studies are low comparability of patient groups and an untransparent patient selection process. In the digit span backward task, AD patients were nine times more probable (BF = 9.38) to outperform VaD patients (β g = 0.33, 95% ETI = 0.12, 0.52). In the phonemic fluency task, AD patients outperformed subcortical VaD (sVaD) patients (β g = 0.51, 95% ETI = 0.22, 0.77, BF = 42.36). VaD patients, in contrast, outperformed AD patients in verbal (β g = -0.61, 95% ETI = -0.97, -0.26, BF = 22.71) and visual (β g = -0.85, 95% ETI = -1.29, -0.32, BF = 13.67) delayed recall. We found the greatest difference in verbal memory, showing that sVaD patients outperform AD patients (β g = -0.64, 95% ETI = -0.88, -0.36, BF = 72.97). Finally, AD patients performed worse than sVaD patients in recognition memory tasks (β g = -0.76, 95% ETI = -1.26, -0.26, BF = 11.50). Conclusion Our findings show inferior performance of AD in episodic memory and superior performance in working memory. We found little support for other differences proposed by diagnostic systems and diagnostic guidelines. The utility of cognitive, behavioral, psychiatric, and functional measures in differential diagnosis is limited and should be complemented by other information. Finally, we identify research areas and avenues, which could significantly improve the diagnostic value of cognitive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Sokolovič
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
- Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
- Department of General and Biological Psychology, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Markus J. Hofmann
- Department of General and Biological Psychology, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Nadia Mohammad
- Department of General and Biological Psychology, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Juraj Kukolja
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
- Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
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Sharma H, Chang KA, Hulme J, An SSA. Mammalian Models in Alzheimer's Research: An Update. Cells 2023; 12:2459. [PMID: 37887303 PMCID: PMC10605533 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A form of dementia distinct from healthy cognitive aging, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex multi-stage disease that currently afflicts over 50 million people worldwide. Unfortunately, previous therapeutic strategies developed from murine models emulating different aspects of AD pathogenesis were limited. Consequently, researchers are now developing models that express several aspects of pathogenesis that better reflect the clinical situation in humans. As such, this review seeks to provide insight regarding current applications of mammalian models in AD research by addressing recent developments and characterizations of prominent transgenic models and their contributions to pathogenesis as well as discuss the advantages, limitations, and application of emerging models that better capture genetic heterogeneity and mixed pathologies observed in the clinical situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri Sharma
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-A Chang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hulme
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo A. An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Gomez‐Gutierrez R, Ghosh U, Yau W, Gamez N, Do K, Kramm C, Shirani H, Vegas‐Gomez L, Schulz J, Moreno‐Gonzalez I, Gutierrez A, Nilsson KPR, Tycko R, Soto C, Morales R. Two structurally defined Aβ polymorphs promote different pathological changes in susceptible mice. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57003. [PMID: 37424505 PMCID: PMC10398671 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Misfolded Aβ is involved in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the role of its polymorphic variants or conformational strains in AD pathogenesis is not fully understood. Here, we study the seeding properties of two structurally defined synthetic misfolded Aβ strains (termed 2F and 3F) using in vitro and in vivo assays. We show that 2F and 3F strains differ in their biochemical properties, including resistance to proteolysis, binding to strain-specific dyes, and in vitro seeding. Injection of these strains into a transgenic mouse model produces different pathological features, namely different rates of aggregation, formation of different plaque types, tropism to specific brain regions, differential recruitment of Aβ40 /Aβ42 peptides, and induction of microglial and astroglial responses. Importantly, the aggregates induced by 2F and 3F are structurally different as determined by ssNMR. Our study analyzes the biological properties of purified Aβ polymorphs that have been characterized at the atomic resolution level and provides relevant information on the pathological significance of misfolded Aβ strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Gomez‐Gutierrez
- Department of NeurologyThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTXUSA
- Dpto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMA, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de MálagaMálagaSpain
| | - Ujjayini Ghosh
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Wai‐Ming Yau
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Nazaret Gamez
- Department of NeurologyThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTXUSA
- Dpto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMA, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de MálagaMálagaSpain
| | - Katherine Do
- Department of NeurologyThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTXUSA
| | - Carlos Kramm
- Department of NeurologyThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTXUSA
| | - Hamid Shirani
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and BiologyLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Laura Vegas‐Gomez
- Dpto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMA, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de MálagaMálagaSpain
| | - Jonathan Schulz
- Department of NeurologyThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTXUSA
| | - Ines Moreno‐Gonzalez
- Department of NeurologyThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTXUSA
- Dpto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMA, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de MálagaMálagaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)MadridSpain
- Centro Integrativo de Biologia y Quimica Aplicada (CIBQA)Universidad Bernardo O'HigginsSantiagoChile
| | - Antonia Gutierrez
- Dpto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMA, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de MálagaMálagaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)MadridSpain
| | - K Peter R Nilsson
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and BiologyLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Robert Tycko
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Claudio Soto
- Department of NeurologyThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTXUSA
| | - Rodrigo Morales
- Department of NeurologyThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTXUSA
- Centro Integrativo de Biologia y Quimica Aplicada (CIBQA)Universidad Bernardo O'HigginsSantiagoChile
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Tan R, Liu Y, Wang Y, Li H, Tu Y. Assembled Photonic Crystal/Gold Nanoparticle Interface: A Dual Amplifying Electrochemiluminescent Aptasensor for the Ultrasensitive Detection of an Amyloid-β Monomer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:9916-9925. [PMID: 36759343 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) protein is considered to be a key biomarker that is closely associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The level of Aβ, particularly its subtle fluctuation, indicates early neuropathological changes, which poses a considerable challenge in predicting AD, considering the detection limit of sensing technologies. Herein, a new label-free sensor based on luminol electrochemiluminescence (ECL) was proposed by developing a close-packed monolayered-SiO2 array with gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) entrapped in their gaps as the basal electrode. The well-organized SiO2 NPs with a quasiphotonic crystal structure amplified the ECL signal via light scattering, while Au NPs amplified the signal by directly catalyzing luminol oxidation. Owing to the dual signal amplification, the proposed electrode furnished an ∼64-fold-intensified ECL signal of luminol as the sensing background. Further, the as-prepared ECL electrode served as the substrate to develop an aptasensor for the sensitive detection of Aβ. The inhibition of the ECL signal due to the suppressed diffusion of luminol to the sensor surface acts as an indicator to quantify the amount of Aβ. The transfer dynamics mechanism provides a label-free sensing strategy and facilitates the high sensitivity of the aptasensor for Aβ detection. Under optimal conditions, the developed aptasensor exhibits an ultrasensitive performance for Aβ with a very low limit of detection of 5 fM, providing a new prospect for clinical research on Aβ and a promising approach in the field of ECL sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, P. R. China
| | - Yueju Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Huiling Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
- Nursing School, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Yifeng Tu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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Assessment of subjective and objective masticatory function among elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023; 35:107-115. [PMID: 36367631 PMCID: PMC9816292 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-022-02290-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Masticatory function is known to be related to cognitive ability; therefore, factors for improving masticatory function should be identified. AIMS This study aimed to identify factors influencing masticatory function associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in elderly individuals. METHODS A total of 123 elderly participants [mean age: 76.5 ± 6.5 years; 82 females (66.7%), 41 males (33.3%)] were included. Cognitive function was evaluated by the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (KMMSE). Questionnaires for subjective evaluation were administered, and dynamic objective masticatory function evaluations, including chewing tests and bite force measurements, were performed. Intergroup differences were evaluated by the Wilcoxon rank-sum and chi-square test, and correlations between cognitive ability and masticatory function were evaluated by multilinear logistic regression. RESULTS The number of teeth, number of posterior teeth, bite force, masticatory ability index (MAI) and posterior support status showed significant differences between the normal (KMMSE > 23) and MCI (KMMSE ≤ 23) groups. However, only the MAI, representing dynamic masticatory performance, was significantly associated with MCI regardless of age, sex and removable prostheses. The number of teeth and posterior teeth, bite force, subjective masticatory ability and posterior occlusal support showed no significant association with MCI. DISCUSSION These results suggested the importance of chewing function for preventing the progression of cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS Considering that only the MAI was significantly associated with MCI, it is more important to improve chewing efficiency by harmonizing therapeutic prosthetics with the surrounding masticatory system than simply increasing the number of teeth to prevent or delay cognitive impairment in elderly individuals.
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Jandrey EHF, Barnabé GF, Maldaun M, Asprino PF, dos Santos NC, Inoue LT, Rozanski A, Galante PAF, Marie SKN, Oba-Shinjo SM, dos Santos TG, Chammas R, Lancellotti CLP, Furnari FB, Camargo AA, Costa ÉT. A novel program of infiltrative control in astrocytomas: ADAM23 depletion promotes cell invasion by activating γ-secretase complex. Neurooncol Adv 2023; 5:vdad147. [PMID: 38024245 PMCID: PMC10681280 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdad147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Infiltration is a life-threatening growth pattern in malignant astrocytomas and a significant cause of therapy resistance. It results in the tumor cell spreading deeply into the surrounding brain tissue, fostering tumor recurrence and making complete surgical resection impossible. We need to thoroughly understand the mechanisms underlying diffuse infiltration to develop effective therapies. Methods We integrated in vitro and in vivo functional assays, RNA sequencing, clinical, and expression information from public data sets to investigate the role of ADAM23 expression coupling astrocytoma's growth and motility. Results ADAM23 downregulation resulted in increased infiltration, reduced tumor growth, and improved overall survival in astrocytomas. Additionally, we show that ADAM23 deficiency induces γ-secretase (GS) complex activity, contributing to the production and deposition of the Amyloid-β and release of NICD. Finally, GS ablation in ADAM23-low astrocytomas induced a significant inhibitory effect on the invasive programs. Conclusions Our findings reveal a role for ADAM23 in regulating the balance between cell proliferation and invasiveness in astrocytoma cells, proposing GS inhibition as a therapeutic option in ADAM23 low-expressing astrocytomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcos Maldaun
- Molecular Oncology Center, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Andrei Rozanski
- Molecular Oncology Center, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sueli Mieko Oba-Shinjo
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, LIM15, FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Góss dos Santos
- Centro Internacional de Pesquisa, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Fundação Antônio Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Laboratório de Oncologia Experimental, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Frank B Furnari
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research (LICR), University of California, San Diego, California, USA
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12
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Immunosenescence and Aging: Neuroinflammation Is a Prominent Feature of Alzheimer's Disease and Is a Likely Contributor to Neurodegenerative Disease Pathogenesis. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12111817. [PMID: 36579548 PMCID: PMC9698256 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic multifactorial and complex neuro-degenerative disorder characterized by memory impairment and the loss of cognitive ability, which is a problem affecting the elderly. The pathological intracellular accumulation of abnormally phosphorylated Tau proteins, forming neurofibrillary tangles, and extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition, forming senile plaques, as well as neural disconnection, neural death and synaptic dysfunction in the brain, are hallmark pathologies that characterize AD. The prevalence of the disease continues to increase globally due to the increase in longevity, quality of life, and medical treatment for chronic diseases that decreases the mortality and enhance the survival of elderly. Medical awareness and the accurate diagnosis of the disease also contribute to the high prevalence observed globally. Unfortunately, no definitive treatment exists that can be used to modify the course of AD, and no available treatment is capable of mitigating the cognitive decline or reversing the pathology of the disease as of yet. A plethora of hypotheses, ranging from the cholinergic theory and dominant Aβ cascade hypothesis to the abnormally excessive phosphorylated Tau protein hypothesis, have been reported. Various explanations for the pathogenesis of AD, such as the abnormal excitation of the glutamate system and mitochondrial dysfunction, have also been suggested. Despite the continuous efforts to deliver significant benefits and an effective treatment for this distressing, globally attested aging illness, multipronged approaches and strategies for ameliorating the disease course based on knowledge of the underpinnings of the pathogenesis of AD are urgently needed. Immunosenescence is an immune deficit process that appears with age (inflammaging process) and encompasses the remodeling of the lymphoid organs, leading to alterations in the immune function and neuroinflammation during advanced aging, which is closely linked to the outgrowth of infections, autoimmune diseases, and malignant cancers. It is well known that long-standing inflammation negatively influences the brain over the course of a lifetime due to the senescence of the immune system. Herein, we aim to trace the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of AD. Thus, we explore alternative avenues, such as neuroimmune involvement in the pathogenesis of AD. We determine the initial triggers of neuroinflammation, which is an early episode in the pre-symptomatic stages of AD and contributes to the advancement of the disease, and the underlying key mechanisms of brain damage that might aid in the development of therapeutic strategies that can be used to combat this devastating disease. In addition, we aim to outline the ways in which different aspects of the immune system, both in the brain and peripherally, behave and thus to contribute to AD.
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13
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Versele R, Sevin E, Gosselet F, Fenart L, Candela P. TNF-α and IL-1β Modulate Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability and Decrease Amyloid-β Peptide Efflux in a Human Blood-Brain Barrier Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810235. [PMID: 36142143 PMCID: PMC9499506 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a selective barrier and a functional gatekeeper for the central nervous system (CNS), essential for maintaining brain homeostasis. The BBB is composed of specialized brain endothelial cells (BECs) lining the brain capillaries. The tight junctions formed by BECs regulate paracellular transport, whereas transcellular transport is regulated by specialized transporters, pumps and receptors. Cytokine-induced neuroinflammation, such as the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), appear to play a role in BBB dysfunction and contribute to the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by contributing to amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide accumulation. Here, we investigated whether TNF-α and IL-1β modulate the permeability of the BBB and alter Aβ peptide transport across BECs. We used a human BBB in vitro model based on the use of brain-like endothelial cells (BLECs) obtained from endothelial cells derived from CD34+ stem cells cocultivated with brain pericytes. We demonstrated that TNF-α and IL-1β differentially induced changes in BLECs’ permeability by inducing alterations in the organization of junctional complexes as well as in transcelluar trafficking. Further, TNF-α and IL-1β act directly on BLECs by decreasing LRP1 and BCRP protein expression as well as the specific efflux of Aβ peptide. These results provide mechanisms by which CNS inflammation might modulate BBB permeability and promote Aβ peptide accumulation. A future therapeutic intervention targeting vascular inflammation at the BBB may have the therapeutic potential to slow down the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Versele
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), UR 2465, Université d’Artois, F-62300 Lens, France
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emmanuel Sevin
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), UR 2465, Université d’Artois, F-62300 Lens, France
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), UR 2465, Université d’Artois, F-62300 Lens, France
| | - Laurence Fenart
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), UR 2465, Université d’Artois, F-62300 Lens, France
| | - Pietra Candela
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), UR 2465, Université d’Artois, F-62300 Lens, France
- Correspondence:
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14
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Nelson PT, Brayne C, Flanagan ME, Abner EL, Agrawal S, Attems J, Castellani RJ, Corrada MM, Cykowski MD, Di J, Dickson DW, Dugger BN, Ervin JF, Fleming J, Graff-Radford J, Grinberg LT, Hokkanen SRK, Hunter S, Kapasi A, Kawas CH, Keage HAD, Keene CD, Kero M, Knopman DS, Kouri N, Kovacs GG, Labuzan SA, Larson EB, Latimer CS, Leite REP, Matchett BJ, Matthews FE, Merrick R, Montine TJ, Murray ME, Myllykangas L, Nag S, Nelson RS, Neltner JH, Nguyen AT, Petersen RC, Polvikoski T, Reichard RR, Rodriguez RD, Suemoto CK, Wang SHJ, Wharton SB, White L, Schneider JA. Frequency of LATE neuropathologic change across the spectrum of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology: combined data from 13 community-based or population-based autopsy cohorts. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 144:27-44. [PMID: 35697880 PMCID: PMC9552938 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02444-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE-NC) and Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change (ADNC) are each associated with substantial cognitive impairment in aging populations. However, the prevalence of LATE-NC across the full range of ADNC remains uncertain. To address this knowledge gap, neuropathologic, genetic, and clinical data were compiled from 13 high-quality community- and population-based longitudinal studies. Participants were recruited from United States (8 cohorts, including one focusing on Japanese-American men), United Kingdom (2 cohorts), Brazil, Austria, and Finland. The total number of participants included was 6196, and the average age of death was 88.1 years. Not all data were available on each individual and there were differences between the cohorts in study designs and the amount of missing data. Among those with known cognitive status before death (n = 5665), 43.0% were cognitively normal, 14.9% had MCI, and 42.4% had dementia-broadly consistent with epidemiologic data in this age group. Approximately 99% of participants (n = 6125) had available CERAD neuritic amyloid plaque score data. In this subsample, 39.4% had autopsy-confirmed LATE-NC of any stage. Among brains with "frequent" neuritic amyloid plaques, 54.9% had comorbid LATE-NC, whereas in brains with no detected neuritic amyloid plaques, 27.0% had LATE-NC. Data on LATE-NC stages were available for 3803 participants, of which 25% had LATE-NC stage > 1 (associated with cognitive impairment). In the subset of individuals with Thal Aβ phase = 0 (lacking detectable Aβ plaques), the brains with LATE-NC had relatively more severe primary age-related tauopathy (PART). A total of 3267 participants had available clinical data relevant to frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and none were given the clinical diagnosis of definite FTD nor the pathological diagnosis of frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 inclusions (FTLD-TDP). In the 10 cohorts with detailed neurocognitive assessments proximal to death, cognition tended to be worse with LATE-NC across the full spectrum of ADNC severity. This study provided a credible estimate of the current prevalence of LATE-NC in advanced age. LATE-NC was seen in almost 40% of participants and often, but not always, coexisted with Alzheimer's disease neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Nelson
- University of Kentucky, Rm 311 Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | | | | | - Erin L Abner
- University of Kentucky, Rm 311 Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jing Di
- University of Kentucky, Rm 311 Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lea T Grinberg
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mia Kero
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Eric B Larson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Liisa Myllykangas
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sukriti Nag
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Janna H Neltner
- University of Kentucky, Rm 311 Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephen B Wharton
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Lon White
- Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, Honolulu, HI, USA
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15
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Identification of potential therapeutic and diagnostic characteristics of Alzheimer disease by targeting the miR-132-3p/FOXO3a-PPM1F axis in APP/PS1 mice. Brain Res 2022; 1790:147983. [PMID: 35709892 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, which is characterized by progressive impairment of memory and cognition. Early diagnosis and treatment of AD has become a leading topic of research. In this study, we explored the effects of the miR-132-3p/FOXO3a-PPM1F axis on the onset of AD for possible early diagnosis and therapy. We found that miR-132-3p levels in the hippocampus and blood were drastically decreased in APP/PS1 mice from 9 months of age, and bi-directional manipulation of miR-132-3p levels induced magnified effects on learning memory behaviors, and manifestation of AD-related pathological characteristics and inflammatory cytokines in APP/PS1 mice of relevant ages. The hippocampal PPM1F expression levels were significantly elevated in APP/PS1 mice from 3 months of age, which was correlated with miR-132-3p levels at different ages. Overexpression of PPM1F remarkably accelerated the progression of learning memory deficits and associated pathological factors in APP/PS1 mice. Further, we showed that miR-132-3p modulated the expression of PPM1F via FOXO3a in HT22 cells. Finally, using peripheral blood samples of human study participants, we found that the miR-132-3p and PPM1F expression levels in patients with AD were also altered with prominent correlations. In conclusion, miR-132-3p indirectly regulates PPM1F expression by targeting FOXO3a, which could play an extensive role in contributing to the establishment of early diagnosis, treatment, and pathogenesis of AD.
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16
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Nehra G, Bauer B, Hartz AMS. Blood-brain barrier leakage in Alzheimer's disease: From discovery to clinical relevance. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 234:108119. [PMID: 35108575 PMCID: PMC9107516 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. AD brain pathology starts decades before the onset of clinical symptoms. One early pathological hallmark is blood-brain barrier dysfunction characterized by barrier leakage and associated with cognitive decline. In this review, we summarize the existing literature on the extent and clinical relevance of barrier leakage in AD. First, we focus on AD animal models and their susceptibility to barrier leakage based on age and genetic background. Second, we re-examine barrier dysfunction in clinical and postmortem studies, summarize changes that lead to barrier leakage in patients and highlight the clinical relevance of barrier leakage in AD. Third, we summarize signaling mechanisms that link barrier leakage to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in AD. Finally, we discuss clinical relevance and potential therapeutic strategies and provide future perspectives on investigating barrier leakage in AD. Identifying mechanistic steps underlying barrier leakage has the potential to unravel new targets that can be used to develop novel therapeutic strategies to repair barrier leakage and slow cognitive decline in AD and AD-related dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Nehra
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Bjoern Bauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Anika M S Hartz
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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17
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Joshi P, Riffel F, Kumar S, Villacampa N, Theil S, Parhizkar S, Haass C, Colonna M, Heneka MT, Arzberger T, Herms J, Walter J. TREM2 modulates differential deposition of modified and non-modified Aβ species in extracellular plaques and intraneuronal deposits. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:168. [PMID: 34663480 PMCID: PMC8522217 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive accumulation of Amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits in the brain is a characteristic neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). During disease progression, extracellular Aβ plaques undergo specific changes in their composition by the sequential deposition of different modified Aβ species. Microglia are implicated in the restriction of amyloid deposits and play a major role in internalization and degradation of Aβ. Recent studies showed that rare variants of the Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) are associated with an increased risk for AD. Post-translational modifications of Aβ could modulate the interaction with TREM2, and the uptake by microglia. Here, we demonstrate that genetic deletion of TREM2 or expression of a disease associated TREM2 variant in mice lead to differential accumulation of modified and non-modified Aβ species in extracellular plaques and intraneuronal deposits. Human brains with rare TREM2 AD risk variants also showed altered deposition of modified Aβ species in the different brain lesions as compared to cases with the common variant of TREM2. These findings indicate that TREM2 plays a critical role in the development and the composition of Aβ deposits, not only in extracellular plaques, but also intraneuronally, that both could contribute to the pathogenesis of AD.
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18
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Joshi P, Riffel F, Satoh K, Enomoto M, Qamar S, Scheiblich H, Villacampa N, Kumar S, Theil S, Parhizkar S, Haass C, Heneka MT, Fraser PE, St George-Hyslop P, Walter J. Differential interaction with TREM2 modulates microglial uptake of modified Aβ species. Glia 2021; 69:2917-2932. [PMID: 34427354 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Rare coding variants of the microglial triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) confer an increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) characterized by the progressive accumulation of aggregated forms of amyloid β peptides (Aβ). Aβ peptides are generated by proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Heterogeneity in proteolytic cleavages and additional post-translational modifications result in the production of several distinct Aβ variants that could differ in their aggregation behavior and toxic properties. Here, we sought to assess whether post-translational modifications of Aβ affect the interaction with TREM2. Biophysical and biochemical methods revealed that TREM2 preferentially interacts with oligomeric Aβ, and that phosphorylation of Aβ increases this interaction. Phosphorylation of Aβ also affected the TREM2 dependent interaction and phagocytosis by primary microglia and in APP transgenic mouse models. Thus, TREM2 function is important for sensing phosphorylated Aβ variants in distinct aggregation states and reduces the accumulation and deposition of these toxic Aβ species in preclinical models of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Joshi
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Florian Riffel
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kanayo Satoh
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Medicine (Neurology), Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases and, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Masahiro Enomoto
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Seema Qamar
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hannah Scheiblich
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Gerontopsychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Neuroinflammation Unit, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e. V. (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Nàdia Villacampa
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Gerontopsychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Neuroinflammation Unit, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e. V. (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Sathish Kumar
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sandra Theil
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Samira Parhizkar
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Haass
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Molecular Neurodegeneration Unit, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Gerontopsychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Neuroinflammation Unit, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e. V. (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Paul E Fraser
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Medicine (Neurology), Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases and, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter St George-Hyslop
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Medicine (Neurology), Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases and, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jochen Walter
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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19
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Soto-Ospina A, Araque Marín P, Bedoya G, Sepulveda-Falla D, Villegas Lanau A. Protein Predictive Modeling and Simulation of Mutations of Presenilin-1 Familial Alzheimer's Disease on the Orthosteric Site. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:649990. [PMID: 34150846 PMCID: PMC8206637 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.649990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease pathology is characterized by β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Amyloid precursor protein is processed by β and γ secretase, resulting in the production of β-amyloid peptides with a length ranging from 38 to 43 amino acids. Presenilin 1 (PS1) is the catalytic unit of γ-secretase, and more than 200 PS1 pathogenic mutations have been identified as causative for Alzheimer's disease. A complete monocrystal structure of PS1 has not been determined so far due to the presence of two flexible domains. We have developed a complete structural model of PS1 using a computational approach with structure prediction software. Missing fragments Met1-Glut72 and Ser290-Glu375 were modeled and validated by their energetic and stereochemical characteristics. Then, with the complete structure of PS1, we defined that these fragments do not have a direct effect in the structure of the pore. Next, we used our hypothetical model for the analysis of the functional effects of PS1 mutations Ala246GLu, Leu248Pro, Leu248Arg, Leu250Val, Tyr256Ser, Ala260Val, and Val261Phe, localized in the catalytic pore. For this, we used a quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) hybrid method, evaluating modifications in the topology, potential surface density, and electrostatic potential map of mutated PS1 proteins. We found that each mutation exerts changes resulting in structural modifications of the active site and in the shape of the pore. We suggest this as a valid approach for functional studies of PS1 in view of the possible impact in substrate processing and for the design of targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Soto-Ospina
- Faculty of Medicine, Group Molecular Genetics, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Faculty of Medicine, Group Neuroscience of Antioquia, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Pedronel Araque Marín
- School of Life Sciences, Research and Innovation in Chemistry Formulations Group, EIA University, Envigado, Colombia
| | - Gabriel Bedoya
- Faculty of Medicine, Group Molecular Genetics, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Diego Sepulveda-Falla
- Faculty of Medicine, Group Neuroscience of Antioquia, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Molecular Neuropathology of Alzheimer’s Disease, Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrés Villegas Lanau
- Faculty of Medicine, Group Molecular Genetics, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Faculty of Medicine, Group Neuroscience of Antioquia, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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20
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Hadipour M, Bahari Z, Afarinesh MR, Jangravi Z, Shirvani H, Meftahi GH. Administering crocin ameliorates anxiety-like behaviours and reduces the inflammatory response in amyloid-beta induced neurotoxicity in rat. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:877-889. [PMID: 33686675 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety, hippocampus synaptic plasticity deficit, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines, are involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present study is designed to evaluate the possible therapeutic effect of crocin on anxiety-like behaviours, hippocampal synaptic plasticity and neuronal shape, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus using in vivo amyloid-beta (Aβ) models of AD. The Aβ peptide (1-42) was bilaterally injected into the frontal-cortex. Five hours after the surgery, the rats were given intraperitoneal (IP) crocin (30 mg/kg) daily up to 12 days. Elevated plus maze results showed that crocin treatment after bilateral Aβ injection significantly increased the percentage of spent time into open arms, frequency of entries, and percentage of entries into open arms as compared with the Aβ group. In the open field test, the Aβ+crocin group showed a higher percentage of spent time in the centre and frequency of entries into central zone as compare with the Aβ treated animals. Administering crocin increased the number of soma, dendrites and axonal arbores in the CA1 neurons among the rats with Aβ neurotoxicity. Cresyl violet (CV) staining showed that crocin increased the number of CV-positive cells in the CA1 region of the hippocampus compared with the Aβ group. Silver-nitrate staining indicated that crocin reduced neurofibrillary tangle formation induced by Aβ. Crocin treatment attenuated the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA in the hippocampus compared with the Aβ group. Our results suggest that crocin attenuated Aβ-induced anxiety-like behaviours and neuronal damage, and synaptic plasticity loss in hippocampal CA1 neurons may via its anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Bahari
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Afarinesh
- Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zohreh Jangravi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Shirvani
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kunieda Y, Arakawa C, Yamada T, Suzuki M, Koyama S, Kimura Y, Ichikawa T, Shino S, Yamada M, Hirokawa R, Matsuda T, Takakura T, Adachi T, Hoshino H. Characteristics of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Alzheimer Disease and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment by Single-Photon Emission Computerized Tomography: A Cross-Sectional Study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2021; 11:91-98. [PMID: 34178012 PMCID: PMC8215965 DOI: 10.1159/000515864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) distribution can affect brain functioning, leading to amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and mild Alzheimer disease (AD). This study aimed to clarify the detailed characteristics of rCBF distribution in patients with mild AD and aMCI. Methods This cross-sectional study from April 2015 to March 2018 included 103 older adults (mean age 78.9 years; 60% females), out of a total of 302 adults, and categorized them into 3 groups according to cognitive symptoms. The normal control (NC), aMCI, and mild AD groups included 20, 50, and 33 participants, respectively. The primary outcome was rCBF, which was compared among the 3 groups using a 2-sample t test without correction for multiple comparisons. Results In the aMCI group, the rCBF decreased in the bilateral parietal and left frontal association cortex and the bilateral premotor cortex (p < 0.01) but increased in the bilateral cerebellum (p < 0.01). In the mild AD group, the rCBF decreased in the bilateral parietal and occipital association cortex, the bilateral premotor cortex, the left temporal and frontal association cortex, and the left limbic lobe (p < 0.01). Conversely, the rCBF increased in some parts of the cerebellum, the bilateral frontal and temporal association cortex, the left occipital association cortex, and the right premotor cortex (p < 0.01). Conclusion Based on the analysis of the values obtained, it was inferred that the rCBF undergoes reduction and elevation in aMCI and AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yota Kunieda
- Department of Rehabilitation, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiaki Arakawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Musubiha Clinic Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Yamada
- Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizue Suzuki
- Department of Rehabilitation, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingo Koyama
- Department of Rehabilitation, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kimura
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Ichikawa
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuhei Shino
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Yamada
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuto Hirokawa
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Akita Cerebrospinal and Cardiovascular Center, Akita, Japan
| | - Tadamitsu Matsuda
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Takakura
- Department of Rehabilitation, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohide Adachi
- Dementia-Related Disease Medical Center, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Hoshino
- Dementia-Related Disease Medical Center, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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High Methionine Diet-Induced Alzheimer's Disease like Symptoms Are Accompanied by 5-Methylcytosine Elevated Levels in the Brain. Behav Neurol 2021; 2021:6683318. [PMID: 33880134 PMCID: PMC8046555 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6683318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive or insufficient intake of methionine (Met) causes neuronal dysfunction, neurodegeneration, cerebrovascular dysfunction, vascular leakage, and short-term memory loss, which result in the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease- (AD-) like symptoms. Objective To determine the relationship between high methionine diets (HMD) induced AD-like symptoms and 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) level. Methods C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into two groups: the control group (Maintain diets) and the model group (2% HMD). Mice were fed with 2% HMD for 9 weeks. Animals were weighed and food intake was recorded weekly. Open field test, nesting ability test, Y maze test, new object recognition test, and Morris water maze test were used to detect the motor, learning, and memory ability. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the damage of cells in hippocampus and cortex. Immunofluorescence (IF) staining was used to detect the expression and distribution of amyloid-β 1-40 (Aβ1-40), amyloid-β 1-42 (Aβ1-42), and 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) in hippocampus and cortex. Western blotting (WB) was used to determine the expression of Aβ and DNA methyltransferases- (DNMTs-) related proteins in the cortex. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect homocysteine (Hcy) level (ELISA). Results Feeding of HMD decreased the body weight and food intake of mice. Behavioral testing revealed that HMD caused learning, memory, and motor ability impairment in the mice. HE staining results showed that HMD feeding caused damage of hippocampal and cortical neurons, along with disordered cell arrangement, and loss of neurons. Furthermore, HMD increased the contents of Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42, and 5-mC in the hippocampus and cortex. WB results showed that HMD increased the expression of Aβ production-related proteins, such as amyloid precursor protein (APP) and beta-secretase 1 (BACE1), and decreased the expression of Aβ metabolism-related protein in the cortex, including insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) and neprilysin (NEP). Additionally, the decreased expression of DNA methyltransferase1 (DNMT1) was observed in HMD-treated mice, but there was no significant change of DNMT3a level. ELISA results showed that HMD increased the levels of Hcy in serum. Conclusion Our result suggested that the HMD can cause neurotoxicity, leading to AD-like symptoms in mice, which may be related to 5-mC elevated.
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23
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Guo J, Yang G, He Y, Xu H, Fan H, An J, Zhang L, Zhang R, Cao G, Hao D, Yang H. Involvement of α7nAChR in the Protective Effects of Genistein Against β-Amyloid-Induced Oxidative Stress in Neurons via a PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 Pathway-Related Mechanism. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:377-393. [PMID: 33215356 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-01009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal excessive production and deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides in selectively susceptible brain regions are thought to be a key pathogenic mechanism underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD), resulting in memory deficits and cognitive impairment. Genistein is a phytoestrogen with great promise for counteracting diverse Aβ-induced insults, including oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the exact molecular mechanism or mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of genistein against Aβ-induced insults are largely uncharacterized. To further elucidate the possible mechanism(s) underlying these protective effects, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of genistein against Aβ-induced oxidative stress mediated by orchestrating α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) signaling in rat primary hippocampal neurons. Genistein significantly increased cell viability, reduced the number of apoptotic cells, decreased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), upregulated BCL-2 expression, and suppressed Caspase-3 activity occurring after treatment with 25 μM Aβ25-35. Simultaneously, genistein markedly inhibited the decreases in α7nAChR mRNA and protein expression in cells treated with Aβ25-35. In addition, α7nAChR signaling was intimately involved in the genistein-mediated activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and Nrf2/keap1 signaling. Thus, α7nAChR activity together with the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling cascade likely orchestrates the molecular mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effects of genistein against Aβ-induced oxidative injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Guo
- Department of Joint Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Guoqing Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuqing He
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Huiming Xu
- Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Hong Fan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Jing An
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Guihua Cao
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Dingjun Hao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China.
| | - Hao Yang
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China.
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Li H, Li W, Zhang X, Ma XC, Zhang RW. Aspirin Use on Incident Dementia and Mild Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 12:578071. [PMID: 33613260 PMCID: PMC7890199 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.578071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: More people with cognitive dysfunction and dementia also fall into the category of high vascular risk, for which aspirin is one of the most frequently used drugs. However, previous studies reporting that aspirin buffers against mild cognitive decline (MCI) and dementia remain controversial. We thus conducted an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association of aspirin use with the risk of MCI and dementia in older adults. Methods: Data sources from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database for randomized controlled trails (RCTs) and cohort studies (published between January 1, 2000 and April 11, 2020). Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to pool data on the occurrence of dementia and MCI with random-effects models. Results: Of 3,193 identified articles, 15 studies (12 cohort studies and three RCTs) were eligible and were included in our analysis, which involved a total of 100,909 participants without cognitive dysfunctions or dementia at baseline. In pooled cohort studies, aspirin use did not reduce the incidence of MCI and dementia (the pooled RR = 0.97; 95% CI = 0.85-1.11;I for heterogeneity 2 = 65%) compared with non-users. However, low-dose aspirin (75-100 mg/day) was associated with a decreased likelihood of developing dementia or MCI (the pooled RR = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.63-0.9;I for heterogeneity 2 = 50.5%). This association existed in studies including all-cause dementia (the pooled RR = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.71-0.96) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) (the pooled RR = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.33-0.89), but not in MCI (the pooled RR = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.31-1.08). In RCTs, low-dose aspirin use was not significantly associated with less prevalence of dementia or MCI (RR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.84-1.05;I for heterogeneity 2 = 0.0%). Conclusions: In cohort studies, we found that low-dose aspirin use had a higher likelihood of reducing the incidence of dementia, which was not supported by RCTs. The evidence was insufficient to fully evaluate the effect of aspirin on cognitive function and dementia. Well-designed studies and innovative approaches are therefore needed to clarify whether the use of aspirin improves cognitive function and reduces the risk of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wan Li
- Department of Neurology, The Ninth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, The Forth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Ma
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, The Third People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, China
| | - Rong-Wei Zhang
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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25
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Zhao Y, Long Z, Liu Y, Luo M, Qiu Y, Idris NFB, Song A, Wang K, He G. Dihydroartemisinin Ameliorates Decreased Neuroplasticity-Associated Proteins and Excessive Neuronal Apoptosis in APP/PS1 Mice. Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 17:916-925. [PMID: 33327914 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666201215124746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the worst neurodegenerative disorders worldwide, with extracellular senile plaques (SP), subsequent intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and final neuron loss and synaptic dysfunction as the main pathological characteristics. Excessive apoptosis is the main cause of irreversible neuron loss. Thus, therapeutic intervention for these pathological features has been considered a promising strategy to treat or prevent AD. Dihydroartemisin (DHA) is a widely used first-line drug for malaria. Our previous study showed that DHA treatment significantly accelerated Aβ clearance, improved memory and cognitive deficits in vivo and restored autophagic flux both in vivo and in vitro. METHODS The present study intended to explore the neuroprotective effect of DHA on neuron loss in APP/PS1 double-transgenic mice and the underlying mechanisms involved. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis showed that DHA significantly reduced the swollen endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in APP/PS1 mice. Western blot analysis indicated that DHA upregulated the level of NeuN, NeuroD, MAP2, and synaptophysin and promoted neurite outgrowth. Meanwhile, DHA greatly corrected the abnormal levels of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and rescued the neuronal loss in the hippocampal CA1 area. Western blot analysis revealed that DHA notably down-regulated the protein expression of full length caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3 and Bax. In parallel, the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 increased after oral DHA treatment. RESULTS Altogether, these results indicate that DHA protected AD mice from neuron loss via promoting the expression of BDNF and other neuroplasticity-associated proteins and suppressing the inhibition of neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyang Zhao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhimin Long
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yuanjie Liu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Pathology, Suining Municipal Hospital of TCM, Suining City, Si Chuan Province, 629000, China
| | - Yu Qiu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Nur F B Idris
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Aijia Song
- Laboratory of Medical Experiment Technology, Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Kejian Wang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Guiqiong He
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
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26
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Guo X, Liu Y, Morgan D, Zhao LR. Reparative Effects of Stem Cell Factor and Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Aged APP/PS1 Mice. Aging Dis 2020; 11:1423-1443. [PMID: 33269098 PMCID: PMC7673847 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by the accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, is the most common form of neurodegenerative disease among the elderly. No effective treatment is available now in restricting the pathological progression of AD. The aim of this study is to determine the therapeutic efficacy of stem cell factor (SCF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (SCF+G-CSF) in aged APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice. SCF+G-CSF was subcutaneously injected for 12 days to 25-month-old male APP/PS1 mice. We observed that SCF+G-CSF treatment reduced the Aβ plaques in both the cortex and hippocampus. SCF+G-CSF treatment increased the association of TREM2+/Iba1+ cells with Aβ plaques and enhanced Aβ uptake by Iba1+ and CD68+cells in the brains of aged APP/PS1 mice. Importantly, cerebral expression area of P2RY12+and TMEM119+ homeostatic microglia and the branches of P2RY12+ homeostatic microglia were increased in the SCF+G-CSF-treated aged APP/PS1 mice. SCF+G-CSF treatment also decreased NOS-2 and increased IL-4 in the brains of aged APP/PS1 mice. Moreover, the loss of MAP2+dendrites and PSD-95+post-synapses and the accumulation of aggregated tau in the brains of aged APP/PS1 mice were ameliorated by SCF+G-CSF treatment. Furthermore, the density of P2RY12+ microglia was negatively correlated with Aβ deposits, but positively correlated with the densities of MAP2+ dendrites and PSD-95+ puncta in the brains of aged APP/PS1 mice. These findings reveal the therapeutic potential of SCF+G-CSF treatment in ameliorating AD pathology at the late stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhi Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
| | - Yanying Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
| | - David Morgan
- Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 49503, USA
| | - Li-Ru Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
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27
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Doustar J, Rentsendorj A, Torbati T, Regis GC, Fuchs D, Sheyn J, Mirzaei N, Graham SL, Shah PK, Mastali M, Van Eyk JE, Black KL, Gupta VK, Mirzaei M, Koronyo Y, Koronyo‐Hamaoui M. Parallels between retinal and brain pathology and response to immunotherapy in old, late-stage Alzheimer's disease mouse models. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13246. [PMID: 33090673 PMCID: PMC7681044 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite growing evidence for the characteristic signs of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the neurosensory retina, our understanding of retina-brain relationships, especially at advanced disease stages and in response to therapy, is lacking. In transgenic models of AD (APPSWE/PS1∆E9; ADtg mice), glatiramer acetate (GA) immunomodulation alleviates disease progression in pre- and early-symptomatic disease stages. Here, we explored the link between retinal and cerebral AD-related biomarkers, including response to GA immunization, in cohorts of old, late-stage ADtg mice. This aged model is considered more clinically relevant to the age-dependent disease. Levels of synaptotoxic amyloid β-protein (Aβ)1-42, angiopathic Aβ1-40, non-amyloidogenic Aβ1-38, and Aβ42/Aβ40 ratios tightly correlated between paired retinas derived from oculus sinister (OS) and oculus dexter (OD) eyes, and between left and right posterior brain hemispheres. We identified lateralization of Aβ burden, with one-side dominance within paired retinal and brain tissues. Importantly, OS and OD retinal Aβ levels correlated with their cerebral counterparts, with stronger contralateral correlations and following GA immunization. Moreover, immunomodulation in old ADtg mice brought about reductions in cerebral vascular and parenchymal Aβ deposits, especially of large, dense-core plaques, and alleviation of microgliosis and astrocytosis. Immunization further enhanced cerebral recruitment of peripheral myeloid cells and synaptic preservation. Mass spectrometry analysis identified new parallels in retino-cerebral AD-related pathology and response to GA immunization, including restoration of homeostatic glutamine synthetase expression. Overall, our results illustrate the viability of immunomodulation-guided CNS repair in old AD model mice, while shedding light onto similar retino-cerebral responses to intervention, providing incentives to explore retinal AD biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah Doustar
- Department of NeurosurgeryCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterMaxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research InstituteLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Altan Rentsendorj
- Department of NeurosurgeryCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterMaxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research InstituteLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Tania Torbati
- Department of NeurosurgeryCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterMaxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research InstituteLos AngelesCAUSA
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the PacificWestern University of Health SciencesPomonaCAUSA
| | - Giovanna C. Regis
- Department of NeurosurgeryCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterMaxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research InstituteLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Dieu‐Trang Fuchs
- Department of NeurosurgeryCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterMaxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research InstituteLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Julia Sheyn
- Department of NeurosurgeryCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterMaxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research InstituteLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Nazanin Mirzaei
- Department of NeurosurgeryCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterMaxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research InstituteLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Stuart L. Graham
- Department of Clinical MedicineMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSWAustralia
- Save Sight InstituteSydney UniversitySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Prediman K. Shah
- Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research CenterCedars‐Sinai Heart InstituteLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Mitra Mastali
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA
- Cedars‐Sinai Medical CenterSmidt Heart InstituteLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Jennifer E. Van Eyk
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA
- Barbara Streisand Women’s Heart CenterCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of MedicineCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Keith L. Black
- Department of NeurosurgeryCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterMaxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research InstituteLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Vivek K. Gupta
- Department of Molecular SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Department of Clinical MedicineMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSWAustralia
- Department of Molecular SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSWAustralia
- Australian Proteome Analysis FacilityMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Yosef Koronyo
- Department of NeurosurgeryCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterMaxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research InstituteLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Maya Koronyo‐Hamaoui
- Department of NeurosurgeryCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterMaxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research InstituteLos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA
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Inhibition of Aquaporin 4 Decreases Amyloid Aβ40 Drainage Around Cerebral Vessels. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4720-4734. [PMID: 32783141 PMCID: PMC7515968 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is located mainly in the astrocytic end-feet around cerebral blood vessels and regulates ion and water homeostasis in the brain. While deletion of AQP4 is shown to reduce amyloid-β (Aβ) clearance and exacerbate Aβ peptide accumulation in plaques and vessels of Alzheimer's disease mouse models, the mechanism and clearing pathways involved are debated. Here, we investigated how inhibiting the function of AQP4 in healthy male C57BL/6 J mice impacts clearance of Aβ40, the more soluble Aβ isoform. Using two-photon in vivo imaging and visualizing vessels with Sulfurodamine 101 (SR101), we first showed that Aβ40 injected as a ≤ 0.5-μl volume in the cerebral cortex diffused rapidly in parenchyma and accumulated around blood vessels. In animals treated with the AQP4 inhibitor TGN-020, the perivascular Aβ40 accumulation was significantly (P < 0.001) intensified by involving four times more vessels, thus suggesting a generalized clearance defect associated with vessels. Increasing the injecting volume to ≥ 0.5 ≤ 1 μl decreased the difference of Aβ40-positive vessels observed in non-treated and AQP4 inhibitor-treated animals, although the difference was still significant (P = 0.001), suggesting that larger injection volumes could overwhelm intramural vascular clearance mechanisms. While both small and large vessels accumulated Aβ40, for the ≤ 0.5-μl volume group, the average diameter of the Aβ40-positive vessels tended to be larger in control animals compared with TGN-020-treated animals, although the difference was non-significant (P = 0.066). Using histopathology and ultrastructural microscopy, no vascular structural change was observed after a single massive dose of TGN-020. These data suggest that AQP4 deficiency is directly involved in impaired Aβ brain clearance via the peri-/para-vascular routes, and AQP4-mediated vascular clearance might counteract blood-brain barrier abnormalities and age-related vascular amyloidopathy.
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29
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Thal DR, Ronisz A, Tousseyn T, Rijal Upadhaya A, Balakrishnan K, Vandenberghe R, Vandenbulcke M, von Arnim CAF, Otto M, Beach TG, Lilja J, Heurling K, Chakrabarty A, Ismail A, Buckley C, Smith APL, Kumar S, Farrar G, Walter J. Different aspects of Alzheimer's disease-related amyloid β-peptide pathology and their relationship to amyloid positron emission tomography imaging and dementia. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:178. [PMID: 31727169 PMCID: PMC6854805 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0837-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) pathology in the form of amyloid plaques and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) spreads in its topographical distribution, increases in quantity, and undergoes qualitative changes in its composition of modified Aβ species throughout the pathogenesis of AD. It is not clear which of these aspects of Aβ pathology contribute to AD progression and to what extent amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) reflects each of these aspects. To address these questions three cohorts of human autopsy cases (in total n = 271) were neuropathologically and biochemically examined for the topographical distribution of Aβ pathology (plaques and CAA), its quantity and its composition. These parameters were compared with neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) and neuritic plaque pathology, the degree of dementia and the results from [18F]flutemetamol amyloid PET imaging in cohort 3. All three aspects of Aβ pathology correlated with one another, the estimation of Aβ pathology by [18F]flutemetamol PET, AD-related NFT pathology, neuritic plaques, and with the degree of dementia. These results show that one aspect of Aβ pathology can be used to predict the other two, and correlates well with the development of dementia, advancing NFT and neuritic plaque pathology. Moreover, amyloid PET estimates all three aspects of Aβ pathology in-vivo. Accordingly, amyloid PET-based estimates for staging of amyloid pathology indicate the progression status of amyloid pathology in general and, in doing so, also of AD pathology. Only 7.75% of our cases deviated from this general association.
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Saint-Pol J, Gosselet F. Oxysterols and the NeuroVascular Unit (NVU): A far true love with bright and dark sides. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 191:105368. [PMID: 31026511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The brain is isolated from the whole body by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) which is located in brain microvessel endothelial cells (ECs). Through physical and metabolic properties induced by brain pericytes, astrocytes and neurons (these cells and the ECs referred to as the neurovascular unit (NVU)), the BBB hardly restricts exchanges of molecules between the brain and the bloodstream. Among them, cholesterol exchanges between these two compartments are very limited and occur through the transport of LDLs across the BBB. Oxysterols (mainly 24S and 27-hydroxycholesterol) daily cross the BBB and regulate molecule/cholesterol exchanges via Liver X nuclear Receptors (LXRs). In addition, these oxysterols have been linked to pathological processes in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Here we propose an overview of the actual knowledge concerning oxysterols and the NVU cells in physiological and in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Saint-Pol
- University of Artois, Blood-Brain Barrier Laboratory (BBB Lab), EA2465, F-62300 Lens, France.
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- University of Artois, Blood-Brain Barrier Laboratory (BBB Lab), EA2465, F-62300 Lens, France
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31
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Zhuravin IA, Dubrovskaya NM, Vasilev DS, Kozlova DI, Kochkina EG, Tumanova NL, Nalivaeva NN. Regulation of Neprilysin Activity and Cognitive Functions in Rats After Prenatal Hypoxia. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:1387-1398. [PMID: 31006092 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02796-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid-degrading enzyme neprilysin (NEP) is one of the therapeutic targets in prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). As we have shown previously NEP expression in rat parietal cortex (Cx) and hippocampus (Hip) decreases with age and is also significantly reduced after prenatal hypoxia. Following the paradigms for enhancement of NEP expression and activity developed in cell culture, we analysed the efficacy of various compounds able to upregulate NEP using our model of prenatal hypoxia in rats. In addition to the previous data demonstrating that valproic acid can upregulate NEP expression both in neuroblastoma cells and in rat Cx and Hip we have further confirmed that caspase inhibitors can also restore NEP expression in rat Cx reduced after prenatal hypoxia. Here we also report that administration of a green tea catechin epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) to adult rats subjected to prenatal hypoxia increased NEP activity in blood plasma, Cx and Hip as well as improved memory performance in the 8-arm maze and novel object recognition tests. Moreover, EGCG administration led to an increased number of dendritic spines in the hippocampal CA1 area which correlated with memory enhancement. The data obtained allowed us to conclude that the decrease in the activity of the amyloid-degrading enzyme NEP, as well as a reduction in the number of labile interneuronal contacts in the hippocampus, contribute to early cognitive deficits caused by prenatal hypoxia and that there are therapeutic avenues to restore these deficits via NEP activation which could also be used for designing preventive strategies in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Zhuravin
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Thorez av, St. Petersburg, Russia, 194223. .,Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - N M Dubrovskaya
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Thorez av, St. Petersburg, Russia, 194223.,Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D S Vasilev
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Thorez av, St. Petersburg, Russia, 194223.,Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D I Kozlova
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Thorez av, St. Petersburg, Russia, 194223.,LLC Scientific and Production Company "ABRIS +", St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E G Kochkina
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Thorez av, St. Petersburg, Russia, 194223
| | - N L Tumanova
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Thorez av, St. Petersburg, Russia, 194223
| | - N N Nalivaeva
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Thorez av, St. Petersburg, Russia, 194223.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Pétrault M, Casolla B, Ouk T, Cordonnier C, Bérézowski V. Cerebral microbleeds: Beyond the macroscope. Int J Stroke 2019; 14:468-475. [DOI: 10.1177/1747493019830594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
While being increasingly recognized in clinical routine, brain microbleeds remain a puzzling finding for physicians. These small dot-like lesions are thought to be old perivascular collections of hemosiderin deposits. They can be found in different neurological settings such as cerebrovascular or neurodegenerative diseases. While their microscopic size would suggest considering these lesions as anecdotal, they are now regarded as biomarkers of severity of an underlying cerebrovascular disease. Their natural history and the interactions with surrounding brain cells remain unknown. However, their presence may impact therapeutic decisions. Deciphering the biological mechanisms leading to, or following microbleeds would enable us to address a key question: do microbleeds arise and impact the surrounding parenchyma like a miniature version of intracerebral hemorrhages or do they represent a different kind of injury? We hereby discuss, based on both clinical and experimental literature, the gap between the definition of microbleeds coming from neuroimaging and the pathophysiological hypotheses raised from histopathological and experimental data. Our analysis supports the need for a convergent effort from clinicians and basic scientists to go beyond the current “macro” view and disclose the cellular and molecular insights of these cerebral hemorrhagic microlesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Pétrault
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Univ Lille, Inserm U1171-Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Barbara Casolla
- Department of Neurology, Univ Lille, Inserm U1171-Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Thavarak Ouk
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Univ Lille, Inserm U1171-Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Charlotte Cordonnier
- Department of Neurology, Univ Lille, Inserm U1171-Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Vincent Bérézowski
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Univ Lille, Inserm U1171-Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Univ Artois, Lens, France
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The effects of cerebral amyloid angiopathy on integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 70:70-77. [PMID: 30007166 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), in which amyloid accumulates predominantly in the walls of arterioles and capillaries, is seen in most patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and may contribute to compromise of blood-brain barrier (BBB) function seen in AD. We investigated the effects of CAA on BBB integrity by examining the expression of the endothelial marker CD31, basement membrane protein collagen IV (COL4), tight junction protein claudin-5, and fibrinogen, a marker of BBB leakage, by immunohistochemistry in the occipital cortex of autopsy brains with AD and capillary CAA (CAA type 1; n = 8), AD with noncapillary CAA (CAA type 2; n = 10), and AD without CAA (n = 7) compared with elderly controls (n = 10). Given the difference in pathogenesis of capillary and noncapillary CAA, we hypothesize that features of BBB breakdown are observed only in capillary CAA. We found decreased expression of CD31 in AD subjects with CAA types 1 and 2 compared with AD without CAA and an increase in COL4 in AD without CAA compared with controls. Furthermore, there was increased immunoreactivity for fibrinogen in AD with CAA type 1 compared with controls. These findings suggest that capillary CAA is associated with morphologic and possibly physiologic alterations of the neurovascular unit and increased BBB permeability in AD.
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Zhang YP, Lou Y, Hu J, Miao R, Ma F. DHA supplementation improves cognitive function via enhancing Aβ-mediated autophagy in Chinese elderly with mild cognitive impairment: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2018; 89:382-388. [PMID: 29142143 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2017-316176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake is inversely correlated with relative risk of Alzheimer's disease. The potential benefits of DHA supplementation in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have not been fully examined. OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to assess the effect of a 24-month DHA supplementation on cognitive function and amyloid beta (Aβ)-mediated autophagy in elderly subjects with MCI. METHODS This was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Tianjin, China. A total of 240 individuals with MCI were identified and randomly divided into intervention (DHA 2 g/day, n=120) and control (corn oil as placebo, n=120) groups. Cognitive function and blood Aβ-related biomarkers were measured at baseline, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. Data were analysed using generalised estimating equation. RESULTS A total of 217 participants (DHA: 109, placebo: 108) completed the trial. During the follow-up, scores of full-scale IQ, verbal IQ and subdomains of information and digit span were significantly higher in the intervention group than the convention group (p<0.05). In the intervention group, blood Aβ-42 level and expression of Aβ protein precursor mRNA were decreased (p<0.05), while Beclin-1 and LC3-II levels and expression of LC3-II mRNA were increased (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Daily oral DHA supplementation (2 g/day) for 24 months may improve cognitive function and change blood biomarker-related Aβ-mediated autophagy in people with MCI. Larger longer-term confirmatory studies are warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR-IOR-15006058.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yinyin Lou
- Library, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rujuan Miao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Condello C, Yuan P, Grutzendler J. Microglia-Mediated Neuroprotection, TREM2, and Alzheimer's Disease: Evidence From Optical Imaging. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:377-387. [PMID: 29169609 PMCID: PMC5767550 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent genetic studies have provided overwhelming evidence of the involvement of microglia-related molecular networks in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the precise mechanisms by which microglia alter the course of AD neuropathology remain poorly understood. Here we discuss current evidence of the neuroprotective functions of microglia with a focus on optical imaging studies that have revealed a role of these cells in the encapsulation of amyloid deposits ("microglia barrier"). This barrier modulates the degree of plaque compaction, amyloid fibril surface area, and insulation from adjacent axons thereby reducing neurotoxicity. We discuss findings implicating genetic variants of the microglia receptor, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2, in the increased risk of late onset AD. We provide evidence that increased AD risk may be at least partly mediated by deficient microglia polarization toward amyloid deposits, resulting in ineffective plaque encapsulation and reduced plaque compaction, which is associated with worsened axonal pathology. Finally, we propose possible avenues for therapeutic targeting of plaque-associated microglia with the goal of enhancing the microglia barrier and potentially reducing disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Condello
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Peng Yuan
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jaime Grutzendler
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
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Jiang H, Liu Y, Wei Y, Shi Y, Wright CB, Sun X, Rundek T, Baumel BS, Landman J, Wang J. Impaired retinal microcirculation in patients with Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192154. [PMID: 29394263 PMCID: PMC5796702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine the retinal blood flow rate (BFR) and blood flow velocity (BFV) of pre-capillary arterioles and post-capillary venules in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Forty patients (20 AD and 20 MCI) and 21 cognitively normal (CN) controls with a similar age range (± 5 yrs) were recruited. A retinal function imager (RFI) was used to measure BFRs and BFVs of arterioles and venules in the macular region. The thickness of the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) was measured using Zeiss Cirrus optical coherence tomography. Macular BFRs in AD group were 2.64 ± 0.20 nl/s (mean ± standard deviation) in arterioles and 2.23 ± 0.19 nl/s in venules, which were significantly lower than in MCI and CN groups (P < 0.05). In addition, BFRs in MCI were lower than in CN in both arterioles and venules (P < 0.05). The BFV of the arterioles was 3.20 ± 1.07 mm/s in AD patients, which was significantly lower than in CN controls (3.91 ± 0.77 mm/s, P = 0.01). The thicknesses of GCIPL in patients with AD and MCI were significantly lower than in CN controls (P < 0.05). Neither BFV nor BFR in arterioles and venules was related to age, GCIPL thickness, mini mental state examination (MMSE) score and disease duration in patients with AD and MCI (P > 0.05). The lower BFR in both arterioles and venules in AD and MCI patients together with the loss of GCIPL were evident, indicating the impairment of the two components in the neurovascular-hemodynamic system, which may play a role in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yantao Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingying Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Clinton B. Wright
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Bernard S. Baumel
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Landman
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
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Kosenko EA, Tikhonova LA, Montoliu C, Barreto GE, Aliev G, Kaminsky YG. Metabolic Abnormalities of Erythrocytes as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2018; 11:728. [PMID: 29354027 PMCID: PMC5760569 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a slowly progressive, neurodegenerative disorder of uncertain etiology. According to the amyloid cascade hypothesis, accumulation of non-soluble amyloid β peptides (Aβ) in the Central Nervous System (CNS) is the primary cause initiating a pathogenic cascade leading to the complex multilayered pathology and clinical manifestation of the disease. It is, therefore, not surprising that the search for mechanisms underlying cognitive changes observed in AD has focused exclusively on the brain and Aβ-inducing synaptic and dendritic loss, oxidative stress, and neuronal death. However, since Aβ depositions were found in normal non-demented elderly people and in many other pathological conditions, the amyloid cascade hypothesis was modified to claim that intraneuronal accumulation of soluble Aβ oligomers, rather than monomer or insoluble amyloid fibrils, is the first step of a fatal cascade in AD. Since a characteristic reduction of cerebral perfusion and energy metabolism occurs in patients with AD it is suggested that capillary distortions commonly found in AD brain elicit hemodynamic changes that alter the delivery and transport of essential nutrients, particularly glucose and oxygen to neuronal and glial cells. Another important factor in tissue oxygenation is the ability of erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBC) to transport and deliver oxygen to tissues, which are first of all dependent on the RBC antioxidant and energy metabolism, which finally regulates the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. In the present review, we consider the possibility that metabolic and antioxidant defense alterations in the circulating erythrocyte population can influence oxygen delivery to the brain, and that these changes might be a primary mechanism triggering the glucose metabolism disturbance resulting in neurobiological changes observed in the AD brain, possibly related to impaired cognitive function. We also discuss the possibility of using erythrocyte biochemical aberrations as potential tools that will help identify a risk factor for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Kosenko
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Lyudmila A Tikhonova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Carmina Montoliu
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico, INCLIVA Instituto Investigación Sanitaria, Valencia, Spain
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- GALLY International Biomedical Research Institute Inc., San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Yury G Kaminsky
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
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Koukouli F, Rooy M, Maskos U. Early and progressive deficit of neuronal activity patterns in a model of local amyloid pathology in mouse prefrontal cortex. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:3430-3449. [PMID: 27999185 PMCID: PMC5270678 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. The condition predominantly affects the cerebral cortex and hippocampus and is characterized by the spread of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). But soluble amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers have also been identified to accumulate in the brains of AD patients and correlate with cognitive dysfunction more than the extent of plaque deposition. Here, we developed an adeno-associated viral vector expressing the human mutated amyloid precursor protein (AAV-hAPP). Intracranial injection of the AAV into the prefrontal cortex (PFC) allowed the induction of AD-like deficits in adult mice, thereby modelling human pathology. AAV-hAPP expression caused accumulation of Aβ oligomers, microglial activation, astrocytosis and the gradual formation of amyloid plaques and NFTs. In vivo two-photon imaging revealed an increase in neuronal activity, a dysfunction characteristic of the pathology, already during the accumulation of soluble oligomers. Importantly, we found that Aβ disrupts the synchronous spontaneous activity of neurons in PFC that, as in humans, is characterized by ultraslow fluctuation patterns. Our work allowed us to track brain activity changes during disease progression and provides new insight into the early deficits of synchronous ongoing brain activity, the “default network”, in the presence of Aβ peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fani Koukouli
- Institut Pasteur, Département de Neuroscience, Unité Neurobiologie intégrative des systèmes cholinergiques, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, ; CNRS, UMR 3571, Paris, France
| | - Marie Rooy
- Group for Neural Theory, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, INSERM Unité 969, Département d'Études Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
| | - Uwe Maskos
- Institut Pasteur, Département de Neuroscience, Unité Neurobiologie intégrative des systèmes cholinergiques, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, ; CNRS, UMR 3571, Paris, France
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Cifuentes D, Poittevin M, Bonnin P, Ngkelo A, Kubis N, Merkulova-Rainon T, Lévy BI. Inactivation of Nitric Oxide Synthesis Exacerbates the Development of Alzheimer Disease Pathology in APPPS1 Mice (Amyloid Precursor Protein/Presenilin-1). Hypertension 2017; 70:613-623. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cifuentes
- From the Institut des Vaisseaux et du Sang, Paris, France (M.P., A.N., T.M.-R., B.I.L.); INSERM U965, Paris, France (D.C., P.B., N.K., T.M.-R.); Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France (P.B., N.K., B.I.L.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (P.B., N.K.); and INSERM, U970, Paris, France (B.I.L.)
| | - Marine Poittevin
- From the Institut des Vaisseaux et du Sang, Paris, France (M.P., A.N., T.M.-R., B.I.L.); INSERM U965, Paris, France (D.C., P.B., N.K., T.M.-R.); Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France (P.B., N.K., B.I.L.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (P.B., N.K.); and INSERM, U970, Paris, France (B.I.L.)
| | - Philippe Bonnin
- From the Institut des Vaisseaux et du Sang, Paris, France (M.P., A.N., T.M.-R., B.I.L.); INSERM U965, Paris, France (D.C., P.B., N.K., T.M.-R.); Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France (P.B., N.K., B.I.L.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (P.B., N.K.); and INSERM, U970, Paris, France (B.I.L.)
| | - Anta Ngkelo
- From the Institut des Vaisseaux et du Sang, Paris, France (M.P., A.N., T.M.-R., B.I.L.); INSERM U965, Paris, France (D.C., P.B., N.K., T.M.-R.); Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France (P.B., N.K., B.I.L.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (P.B., N.K.); and INSERM, U970, Paris, France (B.I.L.)
| | - Nathalie Kubis
- From the Institut des Vaisseaux et du Sang, Paris, France (M.P., A.N., T.M.-R., B.I.L.); INSERM U965, Paris, France (D.C., P.B., N.K., T.M.-R.); Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France (P.B., N.K., B.I.L.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (P.B., N.K.); and INSERM, U970, Paris, France (B.I.L.)
| | - Tatyana Merkulova-Rainon
- From the Institut des Vaisseaux et du Sang, Paris, France (M.P., A.N., T.M.-R., B.I.L.); INSERM U965, Paris, France (D.C., P.B., N.K., T.M.-R.); Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France (P.B., N.K., B.I.L.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (P.B., N.K.); and INSERM, U970, Paris, France (B.I.L.)
| | - Bernard I. Lévy
- From the Institut des Vaisseaux et du Sang, Paris, France (M.P., A.N., T.M.-R., B.I.L.); INSERM U965, Paris, France (D.C., P.B., N.K., T.M.-R.); Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France (P.B., N.K., B.I.L.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France (P.B., N.K.); and INSERM, U970, Paris, France (B.I.L.)
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Fekih-Mrissa N, Mansour M, Sayeh A, Bedoui I, Mrad M, Riahi A, Mrissa R, Nsiri B. The Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 4G/5G Polymorphism and the Risk of Alzheimer's Disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2017; 32:342-346. [PMID: 28466654 PMCID: PMC10852582 DOI: 10.1177/1533317517705223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) is associated with the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Tunisian patients. DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed the genotype and allele frequency distribution of the PAI-1 polymorphism in 60 Tunisian patients with AD and 120 healthy controls. RESULTS The results show a significantly increased risk of AD in carriers of the 4G/4G and 4G/5G genotypes versus the wild-type 5G/5G genotype (4G/4G: 28.33% in patients vs 10.0% in controls; P < 10-3; OR = 8.78; 4G/5G: 55.0% in patients vs 38.33% in controls; OR = 4.45; P < 10-3). The 4G allele was also more frequently found in patients compared with controls; P < 10-3; OR = 3.07. For all participants and by gender, homozygotic carriers (4G/4G) were at an increased risk of AD over heterozygotes and women were at an increased risk over their male genotype counterparts. The odds ratio for AD among 4G/4G carriers for any group was approximately twice that of heterozygotes in the same group. Women homozygotes ranked highest for AD risk (OR = 20.8) and, in fact, women heterozygotes (OR = 9.03) ranked higher for risk than male homozygotes (OR = 6.12). CONCLUSION These preliminary exploratory results should be confirmed in a larger study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najiba Fekih-Mrissa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Hematology, Military Hospital of Tunisia, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Malek Mansour
- Department of Psychiatry, Military Hospital of Tunisia, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Aicha Sayeh
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Hematology, Military Hospital of Tunisia, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ines Bedoui
- Department of Psychiatry, Military Hospital of Tunisia, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Meriem Mrad
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Hematology, Military Hospital of Tunisia, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Anis Riahi
- Department of Psychiatry, Military Hospital of Tunisia, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ridha Mrissa
- Department of Psychiatry, Military Hospital of Tunisia, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Brahim Nsiri
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Hematology, Military Hospital of Tunisia, Tunis, Tunisia
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Spires-Jones TL, Attems J, Thal DR. Interactions of pathological proteins in neurodegenerative diseases. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 134:187-205. [PMID: 28401333 PMCID: PMC5508034 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-017-1709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTD), Lewy body disease (LBD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have in common that protein aggregates represent pathological hallmark lesions. Amyloid β-protein, τ-protein, α-synuclein, and TDP-43 are the most frequently aggregated proteins in these disorders. Although they are assumed to form disease-characteristic aggregates, such as amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in AD or Lewy bodies in LBD/PD, they are not restricted to these clinical presentations. They also occur in non-diseased individuals and can co-exist in the same brain without or with a clinical picture of a distinct dementing or movement disorder. In this review, we discuss the co-existence of these pathologies and potential additive effects in the human brain as well as related functional findings on cross-seeding and molecular interactions between these aggregates/proteins. We conclude that there is evidence for interactions at the molecular level as well as for additive effects on brain damage by multiple pathologies occurring in different functionally important neurons. Based upon this information, we hypothesize a cascade of events that may explain general mechanisms in the development of neurodegenerative disorders: (1) distinct lesions are a prerequisite for the development of a distinct disease (e.g., primary age-related tauopathy for AD), (2) disease-specific pathogenic events further trigger the development of a specific disease (e.g., Aβ aggregation in AD that exaggerate further Aβ and AD-related τ pathology), (3) the symptomatic disease manifests, and (4) neurodegenerative co-pathologies may be either purely coincidental or (more likely) have influence on the disease development and/or its clinical presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara L Spires-Jones
- Centre for Dementia Prevention, and Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease, The University of Edinburgh Centre for Cognitive and Neural Systems, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
| | - Johannes Attems
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Dietmar Rudolf Thal
- Departement Neurowetenschappen, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Departement Pathologische Ontleedkunde, UZ Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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Cerebral PET glucose hypometabolism in subjects with mild cognitive impairment and higher EEG high-alpha/low-alpha frequency power ratio. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 58:213-224. [PMID: 28755648 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD) research, both 2-deoxy-2-(18F)fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and electroencephalography (EEG) are reliable investigational modalities. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between EEG High-alpha/Low-alpha (H-alpha/L-alpha) power ratio and cortical glucose metabolism. A total of 23 subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) underwent FDG-PET and EEG examinations. H-alpha/L-alpha power ratio was computed for each subject and 2 groups were obtained based on the increase of the power ratio. The subjects with higher H-alpha/L-alpha power ratio showed a decrease in glucose metabolism in the hub brain areas previously identified as typically affected by AD pathology. In subjects with higher H-alpha/L-alpha ratio and lower metabolism, a "double alpha peak" was identified in the EEG spectrum and a U-shaped correlation between glucose metabolism and increase of H-alpha/L-alpha power ratio has been found. Moreover, in this group, a conversion rate of 62.5% at 24 months was detected, significantly different from the chance percentage expected. The neurophysiological meaning of the interplay between alpha oscillations and glucose metabolism and the possible interest of the H-alpha/L-alpha power ratio as a clinical biomarker in AD have been discussed.
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Understanding Alzheimer's disease by global quantification of protein phosphorylation and sialylated N-linked glycosylation profiles: A chance for new biomarkers in neuroproteomics? J Proteomics 2017; 161:11-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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44
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Dong H, Zhang L, Liu W, Tian Y. Label-Free Electrochemical Biosensor for Monitoring of Chloride Ion in an Animal Model of Alzhemier's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:339-346. [PMID: 27992175 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential damage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in brain function has attracted extensive attention. As the most common anion, Cl- has been indicated to play significant roles in brain diseases, particularly in the pathological process of AD. In this work, a label-free selective and accurate electrochemical biosensor was first developed for real-time monitoring of Cl- levels in a mouse brain model of AD and rat brain upon global cerebral ischemia. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were designed and synthesized as selective recognition element for Cl-, while 5'-MB-GGCGCGATTTT-SH-3' (SH-DNA-MB, MB = methylene blue) was selected as an inner reference molecule for a built-in correction to avoid the effects from the complicated brain. The electrochemical biosensor showed high accuracy and remarkable selectivity for determination of Cl- over other anions, metal ions, amino acids, and other biomolecules. Furthermore, three-dimensional nanostructures composed of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and Au nanoleaves were assembled on the carbon fiber microelectrode (CFME) surface to enhance the response signal. Finally, the developed biosensor with high analytical performance, as well as the unique characteristic of CFME itself including inertness in live brain and good biocompatibility, was successfully applied to in vivo determination of Cl- levels in three brain regions: striatum, hippocampus, and cortex of live mouse and rat brains. The comparison of average levels of Cl- in normal striatum, hippocampus, and cortex of normal mouse brains and those in the mouse model brains of AD was reported. In addition, the results in rat brains followed by cerebral ischemia demonstrated that the concentrations of Cl- decreased by 19.8 ± 0.5% (n = 5) in the striatum and 27.2 ± 0.3% (n = 5) in hippocampus after cerebral ischemia for 30 min, but that negligible change in Cl- concentration was observed in cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Dong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of
Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, School
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of
Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, School
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of
Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, School
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yang Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of
Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, School
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
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Deng Y, Long L, Wang K, Zhou J, Zeng L, He L, Gong Q. Icariside II, a Broad-Spectrum Anti-cancer Agent, Reverses Beta-Amyloid-Induced Cognitive Impairment through Reducing Inflammation and Apoptosis in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:39. [PMID: 28210222 PMCID: PMC5288340 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition, associated neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation are considered as the important factors which lead to cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Icariside II (ICS II), an active flavonoid compound derived from Epimedium brevicornum Maxim, has been extensively used to treat erectile dysfunction, osteoporosis and dementia in traditional Chinese medicine. Recently, ICS II attracts great interest due to its broad-spectrum anti-cancer property. ICS II shows an anti-inflammatory potential both in cancer treatment and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. It is not yet clear whether the anti-inflammatory effect of ICS II could delay progression of AD. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the effects of ICS II on the behavioral deficits, Aβ levels, neuroinflammatory responses and apoptosis in Aβ25-35-treated rats. We found that bilateral hippocampal injection of Aβ25-35 induced cognitive impairment, neuronal damage, along with increase of Aβ, inflammation and apoptosis in hippocampus of rats. However, treatment with ICS II 20 mg/kg could improve the cognitive deficits, ameliorate neuronal death, and reduce the levels of Aβ in the hippocampus. Furthermore, ICS II could suppress microglial and astrocytic activation, inhibit expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS mRNA and protein, and attenuate the Aβ induced Bax/Bcl-2 ratio elevation and caspase-3 activation. In conclusion, these results showed that ICS II could reverse Aβ-induced cognitive deficits, possibly via the inhibition of neuroinflammation and apoptosis, which suggested a potential protective effect of ICS II on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical UniversityGuizhou, China
| | - Long Long
- Department of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical UniversityGuizhou, China
| | - Keke Wang
- Zunyi Medical and Pharmaceutical CollegeGuizhou, China
| | - Jiayin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical UniversityGuizhou, China
| | - Lingrong Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical UniversityGuizhou, China
| | - Lianzi He
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical UniversityGuizhou, China
| | - Qihai Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical UniversityGuizhou, China
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Roostaei T, Nazeri A, Felsky D, De Jager PL, Schneider JA, Pollock BG, Bennett DA, Voineskos AN. Genome-wide interaction study of brain beta-amyloid burden and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:287-295. [PMID: 27021820 PMCID: PMC5042808 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The lack of strong association between brain beta-amyloid deposition and cognitive impairment has been a challenge for the Alzheimer's disease (AD) field. Although beta-amyloid is necessary for the pathologic diagnosis of AD, it is not sufficient to make the pathologic diagnosis or cause dementia. We sought to identify the genetic modifiers of the relation between cortical beta-amyloid burden (measured using [18F]Florbetapir-PET) and cognitive dysfunction (measured using ADAS-cog) by conducting a genome-wide interaction study on baseline data from participants in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) phases GO/2 (n=678). Near genome-wide significant interaction effect was observed for rs73069071 within the IAPP (amylin) and SLCO1A2 genes (P=6.2 × 10-8). Congruent results were found using data from participants followed up from ADNI-1 (Pone-tailed=0.028, n=165). Meta-analysis across ADNI-GO/2 and ADNI-1 revealed a genome-wide significant interaction effect (P=1.1 × 10-8). Our results were further supported by similar interaction effects on temporal lobe cortical thickness (whole-brain voxelwise analysis: familywise error corrected P=0.013) and longitudinal changes in ADAS-cog score and left middle temporal thickness and amygdalar volume (Pone-tailed=0.026, 0.019 and 0.003, respectively). Using postmortem beta-amyloid immunohistochemistry data from 243 AD participants in the Religious Orders Study and Memory and Aging Project, we also observed similar rs73069071-by-beta-amyloid deposition interaction effect on global cognitive function (Pone-tailed=0.005). Our findings provide insight into the complexity of the relationship between beta-amyloid burden and AD-related cognitive impairment. Although functional studies are required to elucidate the role of rs73069071 in AD pathophysiology, our results support the recently growing evidence on the role of amylin in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Roostaei
- Kimel Family Translational Imaging-Genetics Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Nazeri
- Kimel Family Translational Imaging-Genetics Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D Felsky
- Kimel Family Translational Imaging-Genetics Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - P L De Jager
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Institute for the Neurosciences, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - B G Pollock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A N Voineskos
- Kimel Family Translational Imaging-Genetics Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Underserved Populations Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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47
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Roeben B, Maetzler W, Vanmechelen E, Schulte C, Heinzel S, Stellos K, Godau J, Huber H, Brockmann K, Wurster I, Gaenslen A, Grüner E, Niebler R, Eschweiler GW, Berg D. Association of Plasma Aβ40 Peptides, But Not Aβ42, with Coronary Artery Disease and Diabetes Mellitus. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 52:161-9. [PMID: 27003209 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Plasma levels of amyloid-beta (Aβ) 1-40 peptide have been proposed to be associated with cardiovascular mortality in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association of plasma Aβ levels with CAD, cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF), and APOE genotype in non-demented elderly individuals. METHODS Plasma Aβ1 - 40 and Aβ1 - 42 levels of 526 individuals (mean age of 63.0±7.3 years) were quantified with the INNO-BIA plasma Aβ forms assay based on multiplextrademark technique. APOE genotype was determined with an established protocol. Presence of CAD and CVRFs were ascertained using a questionnaire and/or medical records. RESULTS Plasma Aβ1 - 40 levels were significantly higher in individuals with CAD (p = 0.043) and, independently, in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 (p = 0.001) while accounting for age- and gender-effects. Plasma Aβ1 - 42 levels were higher in APOEɛ4 carriers (p = 0.004), but were neither relevantly associated with CAD nor with any CVRF. Plasma Aβ1 - 40 showed no association with APOE genotype. DISCUSSION Our findings argue for an association of circulating plasma Aβ1 - 40 peptides with incident CAD and DM. Further investigations are needed to entangle the role of Aβ1 - 40 role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease independent of its known role in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Roeben
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Walter Maetzler
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.,Geriatric Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eugeen Vanmechelen
- Key4AD, Eke, Belgium.,Innogenetics N.V. (now Fujirebio Europe N.V.), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claudia Schulte
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Heinzel
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Stellos
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jana Godau
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heiko Huber
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Brockmann
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Isabel Wurster
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Gaenslen
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eva Grüner
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Raphael Niebler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Geriatric Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard W Eschweiler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Geriatric Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
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Ren H, Luo C, Feng Y, Yao X, Shi Z, Liang F, Kang JX, Wan JB, Pei Z, Su H. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids promote amyloid-β clearance from the brain through mediating the function of the glymphatic system. FASEB J 2016; 31:282-293. [PMID: 27789520 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Impairment of amyloid-β (Aβ) clearance leads to Aβ accumulation in the brain during the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Strategies that can restore or improve the clearance function hold great promise in delaying or preventing the onset of AD. Here, we show that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), by use of fat-1 transgenic mice and oral administration of fish oil, significantly promote interstitial Aβ clearance from the brain and resist Aβ injury. Such beneficial effects were abolished in Aqp4-knockout mice, suggesting that the AQP4-dependent glymphatic system is actively involved in the promoting the effects of n-3 PUFAs on the clearance of extracellular Aβ. Imaging on clarified brain tissues clearly displayed that n-3 PUFAs markedly inhibit the activation of astrocytes and protect the AQP4 polarization in the affected brain region after Aβ injection. The results of the present study prove a novel mechanism by which n-3 PUFAs exert protective roles in reducing Aβ accumulation via mediating the glymphatic system function.-Ren, H., Luo, C., Feng, Y., Yao, X., Shi, Z., Liang, F., Kang, J. X., Wan, J.-B., Pei, Z., Su, H. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids promote amyloid-β clearance from the brain through mediating the function of the glymphatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Chuanming Luo
- Department of Neurology, Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yanqing Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Xiaoli Yao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Zhe Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Fengyin Liang
- Department of Neurology, Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jing X Kang
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Zhong Pei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China;
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49
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Jang WY, Lee BR, Jeong J, Sung Y, Choi M, Song P, Kim H, Jang S, Kim H, Joo KI, Lee JW, Choo YS, Kim E, Ryoo ZY. Overexpression of serum amyloid a 1 induces depressive-like behavior in mice. Brain Res 2016; 1654:55-65. [PMID: 27608955 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of memory and cognitive abilities. In AD, amyloid β (Aβ) protein aggregates in the brain of patients, forming amyloid plaques. Aβ plaques are known to be surrounded by activated microglial cells. Serum amyloid A (SAA) is elevated from several hundred to 1000-fold as part of the immune response against various injuries, including trauma, infection, and inflammation. Additionally, continuous elevation of SAA is related to the development of amyloidosis. This study was designed to identify the relationship between SAA1 and AD using liver specific SAA1 overexpressing mice (TG), because SAA1 is expressed in the liver during the acute phase. We detected exogenous SAA1 expression in the brain of TG mice. This result implies that liver-derived SAA1 migrates to the brain tissues. Thus, we confirmed that the blood brain barrier (BBB) functioned normally using Evans-blue staining and CARS. Furthermore, our results show an increase in the accumulation of the 87kDa form of Aβ in TG mice compared to wild type mice (WT). Additionally, the number of microglial cells and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were increased. Next, we investigated the relationship between SAA1 and depression by performing social interaction tests. The results showed that TG mice have a tendency to avoid stranger mice and an impaired social recognition. In conclusion, the SAA1 TG mouse model is a valuable model to study depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Young Jang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, KNU Creative BioResearch Group (BK21 plus project), Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Buk-ku, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Ram Lee
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, KNU Creative BioResearch Group (BK21 plus project), Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Buk-ku, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea; Division of Nano & Energy Convergence Research, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Jain Jeong
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, KNU Creative BioResearch Group (BK21 plus project), Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Buk-ku, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghun Sung
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, KNU Creative BioResearch Group (BK21 plus project), Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Buk-ku, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjee Choi
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, KNU Creative BioResearch Group (BK21 plus project), Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Buk-ku, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Park Song
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, KNU Creative BioResearch Group (BK21 plus project), Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Buk-ku, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Kim
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, KNU Creative BioResearch Group (BK21 plus project), Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Buk-ku, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Jang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, KNU Creative BioResearch Group (BK21 plus project), Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Buk-ku, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunmin Kim
- Division of Nano & Energy Convergence Research, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Il Joo
- Division of Nano & Energy Convergence Research, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woong Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Sik Choo
- Department of Biology, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Buk-ku, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjoo Kim
- Division of Nano & Energy Convergence Research, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea.
| | - Zae Young Ryoo
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, KNU Creative BioResearch Group (BK21 plus project), Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Buk-ku, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
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Campos CH, Ribeiro GR, Costa JLR, Rodrigues Garcia RCM. Correlation of cognitive and masticatory function in Alzheimer’s disease. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:573-578. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1923-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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