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Ma L, He X, Wu Q. The Molecular Regulatory Mechanism in Multipotency and Differentiation of Wharton's Jelly Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12909. [PMID: 37629090 PMCID: PMC10454700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) are isolated from Wharton's jelly tissue of umbilical cords. They possess the ability to differentiate into lineage cells of three germ layers. WJ-MSCs have robust proliferative ability and strong immune modulation capacity. They can be easily collected and there are no ethical problems associated with their use. Therefore, WJ-MSCs have great tissue engineering value and clinical application prospects. The identity and functions of WJ-MSCs are regulated by multiple interrelated regulatory mechanisms, including transcriptional regulation and epigenetic modifications. In this article, we summarize the latest research progress on the genetic/epigenetic regulation mechanisms and essential signaling pathways that play crucial roles in pluripotency and differentiation of WJ-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qiang Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
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2
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Canciello A, Cerveró-Varona A, Peserico A, Mauro A, Russo V, Morrione A, Giordano A, Barboni B. "In medio stat virtus": Insights into hybrid E/M phenotype attitudes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1038841. [PMID: 36467417 PMCID: PMC9715750 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1038841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) refers to the ability of cells to dynamically interconvert between epithelial (E) and mesenchymal (M) phenotypes, thus generating an array of hybrid E/M intermediates with mixed E and M features. Recent findings have demonstrated how these hybrid E/M rather than fully M cells play key roles in most of physiological and pathological processes involving EMT. To this regard, the onset of hybrid E/M state coincides with the highest stemness gene expression and is involved in differentiation of either normal and cancer stem cells. Moreover, hybrid E/M cells are responsible for wound healing and create a favorable immunosuppressive environment for tissue regeneration. Nevertheless, hybrid state is responsible of metastatic process and of the increasing of survival, apoptosis and therapy resistance in cancer cells. The present review aims to describe the main features and the emerging concepts regulating EMP and the formation of E/M hybrid intermediates by describing differences and similarities between cancer and normal hybrid stem cells. In particular, the comprehension of hybrid E/M cells biology will surely advance our understanding of their features and how they could be exploited to improve tissue regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Canciello
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Adrián Cerveró-Varona
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Alessia Peserico
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Annunziata Mauro
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Valentina Russo
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Andrea Morrione
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Sbarro Health Research Organization (SHRO), Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Barbara Barboni
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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Jiang R, Wang M, Shen X, Huang S, Han J, Li L, Xu Z, Jiang C, Zhou Q, Feng X. SUMO1 modification of IGF-1R combining with SNAI2 inhibited osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs stimulated by high glucose. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:543. [PMID: 34663464 PMCID: PMC8522165 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02618-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontal disease, an oral disease characterized by loss of alveolar bone and progressive teeth loss, is the sixth major complication of diabetes. It is spreading worldwide as it is difficult to be cured. The insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) plays an important role in regulating functional impairment associated with diabetes. However, it is unclear whether IGF-1R expression in periodontal tissue is related to alveolar bone destruction in diabetic patients. SUMO modification has been reported in various diseases and is associated with an increasing number of biological processes, but previous studies have not focused on diabetic periodontitis. This study aimed to explore the role of IGF-1R in osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) in high glucose and control the multiple downstream damage signal factors. Methods PDLSCs were isolated and cultured after extraction of impacted teeth from healthy donors or subtractive orthodontic extraction in adolescents. PDLSCs were cultured in the osteogenic medium with different glucose concentrations prepared by medical 5% sterile glucose solution. The effects of different glucose concentrations on the osteogenic differentiation ability of PDLSCs were studied at the genetic and cellular levels by staining assay, Western Blot, RT-PCR, Co-IP and cytofluorescence. Results We found that SNAI2, RUNX2 expression decreased in PDLSCs cultured in high glucose osteogenic medium compared with that in normal glucose osteogenic medium, which were osteogenesis-related marker. In addition, the IGF-1R expression, sumoylation of IGF-1R and osteogenic differentiation in PDLSCs cultured in high glucose osteogenic medium were not consistent with those cultured in normal glucose osteogenic medium. However, osteogenic differentiation of PDLCSs enhanced after adding IGF-1R inhibitors to high glucose osteogenic medium. Conclusion Our data demonstrated that SUMO1 modification of IGF-1R inhibited osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs by binding to SNAI2 in high glucose environment, a key factor leading to alveolar bone loss in diabetic patients. Thus we could maximize the control of multiple downstream damage signaling factors and bring new hope for alveolar bone regeneration in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaobo Shen
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianpeng Han
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiliang Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengfeng Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xingmei Feng
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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Rahmani-Moghadam E, Zarrin V, Mahmoodzadeh A, Owrang M, Talaei-Khozani T. Comparison of the Characteristics of Breast Milk-derived Stem Cells with the Stem Cells Derived from the Other Sources: A Comparative Review. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 17:71-90. [PMID: 34161214 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x16666210622125309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Breast milk (BrM) not only supplies nutrition, but it also contains a diverse population of cells. It has been estimated that up to 6% of the cells in human milk possess the characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Available data also indicate that these cells are multipotent and capable of self-renewal and differentiation with other cells. In this review, we have compared different characteristics, such as CD markers, differentiation capacity, and morphology of stem cells, derived from human breast milk (hBr-MSC) with human bone marrow (hBMSC), Wharton's jelly (WJMSC), and human adipose tissue (hADMSC). Through the literature review, it was revealed that human breast milk-derived stem cells specifically express a group of cell surface markers, including CD14, CD31, CD45, and CD86. Importantly, a group of markers, CD13, CD29, CD44, CD105, CD106, CD146, and CD166, were identified, which were common in the four sources of stem cells. WJMSC, hBMSC, hADMSC, and hBr-MSC are potently able to differentiate into the mesoderm, ectoderm, and endoderm cell lineages. The ability of hBr-MSCs todifferentiate into the neural stem cells, neurons, adipocyte, hepatocyte, chondrocyte, osteocyte, and cardiomyocytes has made these cells a promising source of stem cells in regenerative medicine, while isolation of stem cells from the commonly used sources, such as bone marrow, requires invasive procedures. Although autologous breast milk-derived stem cells are an accessible source for women who are in the lactation period, breast milk can be considered as a source of stem cells with high differentiation potential without any ethical concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Rahmani-Moghadam
- Department of Anatomical sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vahideh Zarrin
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Mahmoodzadeh
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Marzieh Owrang
- Department of Anatomical sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Talaei-Khozani
- Department of Anatomical sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Lambert AW, Weinberg RA. Linking EMT programmes to normal and neoplastic epithelial stem cells. Nat Rev Cancer 2021; 21:325-338. [PMID: 33547455 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial stem cells serve critical physiological functions in the generation, maintenance and repair of diverse tissues through their ability to self-renew and spawn more specialized, differentiated cell types. In an analogous fashion, cancer stem cells have been proposed to fuel the growth, progression and recurrence of many carcinomas. Activation of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a latent cell-biological programme involved in development and wound healing, has been linked to the formation of both normal and neoplastic stem cells, but the mechanistic basis underlying this connection remains unclear. In this Perspective, we outline the instances where aspects of an EMT have been implicated in normal and neoplastic epithelial stem cells and consider the involvement of this programme during tissue regeneration and repair. We also discuss emerging concepts and evidence related to the heterogeneous and plastic cell states generated by EMT programmes and how these bear on our understanding of cancer stem cell biology and cancer metastasis. A more comprehensive accounting of the still-elusive links between EMT programmes and the stem cell state will surely advance our understanding of both normal stem cell biology and cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert A Weinberg
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- MIT Ludwig Center for Molecular Oncology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Niibe K, Ohori-Morita Y, Zhang M, Mabuchi Y, Matsuzaki Y, Egusa H. A Shaking-Culture Method for Generating Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell-Spheroids With Enhanced Multipotency in vitro. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:590332. [PMID: 33195156 PMCID: PMC7641632 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.590332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), which generally expand into adherent monolayers, readily lose their proliferative and multilineage potential following repeated passages. Floating culture systems can be used to generate MSC spheroids, which are expected to overcome limitations associated with conventional adherent cultures while facilitating scaffold-free cell transplantation. However, the phenotypic characteristics of spheroids after long-term culture are unknown. In addition, regenerative therapies require new culture systems to maintain their undifferentiated state. In this study, we established a novel culture method employing three-dimensional (3D) “shaking” to generate MSC spheroids using bone marrow derived MSCs. Floating 3D cultures of mouse or human MSCs formed spheroids after shaking (85–95 rpm), within 1 month. These spheroids maintained their osteogenic-, adipogenic-, and chondrogenic-differentiation capacity. The adipogenic-differentiation capacity of adherent cultured mouse and human MSCs, which is lost following several passages, was remarkedly restored by shaking-culture. Notably, human MSC spheroids exhibited a renewable “undifferentiated MSC-pool” property, wherein undifferentiated MSCs grew from spheroids seeded repeatedly on a plastic culture dish. These data suggest that the shaking-culture method maintains and restores multipotency that is lost following monolayer expansion and thereby shows potential as a promising strategy for regenerative therapies with mesenchymal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunimichi Niibe
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yumi Ohori-Morita
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Maolin Zhang
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yo Mabuchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Matsuzaki
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.,Center for Advanced Stem Cell and Regenerative Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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Das PK, Asha SY, Abe I, Islam F, Lam AK. Roles of Non-Coding RNAs on Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3159. [PMID: 33126409 PMCID: PMC7693255 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) remains as one of the most aggressive human carcinomas with poor survival rates in patients with the cancer despite therapeutic interventions. Novel targeted and personalized therapies could solve the puzzle of poor survival rates of patients with ATC. In this review, we discuss the role of non-coding RNAs in the regulation of gene expression in ATC as well as how the changes in their expression could potentially reshape the characteristics of ATCs. A broad range of miRNA, such as miR-205, miR-19a, miR-17-3p and miR-17-5p, miR-618, miR-20a, miR-155, etc., have abnormal expressions in ATC tissues and cells when compared to those of non-neoplastic thyroid tissues and cells. Moreover, lncRNAs, such as H19, Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex P5 (HCP5), Urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 (UCA1), Nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1), etc., participate in transcription and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in ATC cells. Dysregulations of these non-coding RNAs were associated with development and progression of ATC by modulating the functions of oncogenes during tumour progression. Thus, restoration of the abnormal expression of these miRNAs and lncRNAs may serve as promising ways to treat the patients with ATC. In addition, siRNA mediated inhibition of several oncogenes may act as a potential option against ATC. Thus, non-coding RNAs can be useful as prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for the better management of patients with ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plabon Kumar Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; (P.K.D.); (S.Y.A.)
| | - Saharia Yeasmin Asha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; (P.K.D.); (S.Y.A.)
| | - Ichiro Abe
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia;
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Fukuoka 818-8502, Japan
| | - Farhadul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; (P.K.D.); (S.Y.A.)
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Alfred K. Lam
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia;
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Role of TPBG (Trophoblast Glycoprotein) Antigen in Human Pericyte Migratory and Angiogenic Activity. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1113-1124. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective—
To determine the role of the oncofetal protein TPBG (trophoblast glycoprotein) in normal vascular function and reparative vascularization.
Approach and Results—
Immunohistochemistry of human veins was used to show TPBG expression in vascular smooth muscle cells and adventitial pericyte-like cells (APCs). ELISA, Western blot, immunocytochemistry, and proximity ligation assays evidenced a hypoxia-dependent upregulation of TPBG in APCs not found in vascular smooth muscle cells or endothelial cells. This involves the transcriptional modulator CITED2 (Atypical chemokine receptor 3 CBP/p300-interacting transactivator with glutamic acid (E)/aspartic acid (D)-rich tail) and downstream activation of CXCL12 (chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand-12) signaling through the CXCR7 (C-X-C chemokine receptor type 7) receptor and ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2). TPBG silencing by siRNA transfection downregulated CXCL12, CXCR7, and pERK (phospho Thr202/Tyr204 ERK1/2) and reduced the APC migratory and proangiogenic capacities. TPBG forced expression induced opposite effects, which were associated with the formation of CXCR7/CXCR4 (C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4) heterodimers and could be contrasted by CXCL12 and CXCR7 neutralization. In vivo Matrigel plug assays using APCs with or without TPBG silencing evidenced TPBG is essential for angiogenesis. Finally, in immunosuppressed mice with limb ischemia, intramuscular injection of TPBG-overexpressing APCs surpassed naïve APCs in enhancing perfusion recovery and reducing the rate of toe necrosis.
Conclusions—
TPBG orchestrates the migratory and angiogenic activities of pericytes through the activation of the CXCL12/CXCR7/pERK axis. This novel mechanism could be a relevant target for therapeutic improvement of reparative angiogenesis.
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Ansari AS, Yazid MD, Sainik NQAV, Razali RA, Saim AB, Idrus RBH. Osteogenic Induction of Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell for Bone Regeneration: A Systematic Review. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:2406462. [PMID: 30534156 PMCID: PMC6252214 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2406462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) are emerging as a promising source for bone regeneration in the treatment of bone defects. Previous studies have reported the ability of WJ-MSCs to be induced into the osteogenic lineage. The purpose of this review was to systematically assess the potential of WJ-MSC differentiation into the osteogenic lineage. A comprehensive search was conducted in Medline via Ebscohost and Scopus, where relevant studies published between 1961 and 2018 were selected. The main inclusion criteria were that articles must be primary studies published in English evaluating osteogenic induction of WJ-MSCs. The literature search identified 92 related articles, but only 18 articles met the inclusion criteria. These include two animal studies, three articles containing both in vitro and in vivo assessments, and 13 articles on in vitro studies, all of which are discussed in this review. There were two types of osteogenic induction used in these studies, either chemical or physical. The studies demonstrate that WJ-MSCs are able to differentiate into osteogenic lineage and promote osteogenesis. In light of these observations, it is suggested that WJ-MSCs can be a potential source of stem cells for osteogenic induction, as an alternative to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayu Suraya Ansari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Dain Yazid
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Qisya Afifah Veronica Sainik
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rabiatul Adawiyah Razali
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aminuddin Bin Saim
- Ear, Nose & Throat Consultant Clinic, Ampang Puteri Specialist Hospital, 68000 Ampang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ruszymah Bt Hj Idrus
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Gao L, Ji Y, Lu Y, Qiu M, Shen Y, Wang Y, Kong X, Shao Y, Sheng Y, Sun W. Low-level overexpression of p53 promotes warfarin-induced calcification of porcine aortic valve interstitial cells by activating Slug gene transcription. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:3780-3792. [PMID: 29358327 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.791145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The most frequently used oral anti-coagulant warfarin has been implicated in inducing calcification of aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs), whereas the mechanism is not fully understood. The low-level activation of p53 is found to be involved in osteogenic transdifferentiation and calcification of AVICs. Whether p53 participates in warfarin-induced AVIC calcification remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of low-level p53 overexpression in warfarin-induced porcine AVIC (pAVIC) calcification. Immunostaining, quantitative PCR, and Western blotting revealed that p53 was expressed in human and pAVICs and that p53 expression was slightly increased in calcific human aortic valves compared with non-calcific valves. Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining indicated that apoptosis slightly increased in calcific aortic valves than in non-calcific valves. Warfarin treatment led to a low-level increase of p53 mRNA and protein in both pAVICs and mouse aortic valves. Low-level overexpression of p53 in pAVICs via an adenovirus vector did not affect pAVIC apoptosis but promoted warfarin-induced calcium deposition and expression of osteogenic markers. shRNA-mediated p53 knockdown attenuated the pAVIC calcium deposition and osteogenic marker expression. Moreover, ChIP and luciferase assays showed that p53 was recruited to the slug promoter and activated slug expression in calcific pAVICs. Of note, overexpression of Slug increased osteogenic marker Runx2 expression, but not pAVIC calcium deposition, and Slug knockdown attenuated pAVIC calcification and p53-mediated pAVIC calcium deposition and expression of osteogenic markers. In conclusion, we found that p53 plays an important role in warfarin induced pAVIC calcification, and increased slug transcription by p53 is required for p53-mediated pAVIC calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- From the Departments of Cardiology and
| | - Yue Ji
- From the Departments of Cardiology and
| | - Yan Lu
- From the Departments of Cardiology and
| | - Ming Qiu
- From the Departments of Cardiology and
| | | | | | | | - Yongfeng Shao
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | | | - Wei Sun
- From the Departments of Cardiology and
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Lambertini E, Penolazzi L, Angelozzi M, Grassi F, Gambari L, Lisignoli G, De Bonis P, Cavallo M, Piva R. The expression of cystathionine gamma-lyase is regulated by estrogen receptor alpha in human osteoblasts. Oncotarget 2017; 8:101686-101696. [PMID: 29254196 PMCID: PMC5731906 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), generated in the osteoblasts predominantly via cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE), is bone protective. Previous studies suggested that the onset of bone loss due to estrogen deficiency is associated to decreased levels of H2S and blunted gene expression of CSE. However, there are still a lot of unknowns on how H2S levels influence bone cells function. The present study aims to explore the mechanisms by which estrogen may regulate CSE expression, in particular the role of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in human osteoblasts (hOBs). Vertebral lamina derived hOBs were characterized and then assessed for CSE expression by western blot analysis in the presence or absence of ERα overexpression. Bioinformatic analysis, luciferase reporter assay and ChIP assay were performed to investigate ERα recruitment and activity on hCSE gene promoter. Three putative half Estrogen Responsive Elements (EREs) were identified in the hCSE core promoter and were found to participate in the ERα - mediated positive regulation of CSE expression. All osteoblast samples responded to ERα over-expression increasing the levels of CSE protein in a comparable manner. Notably, the ERα recruitment on the regulatory regions of the CSE promoter occurred predominantly in female hOBs than in male hOBs. The obtained results suggest that CSE/H2S system is in relation with estrogen signaling in bone in a gender specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Lambertini
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Letizia Penolazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marco Angelozzi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Laura Gambari
- Ramses Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gina Lisignoli
- Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Bonis
- Department of Neurosurgery, S. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Cavallo
- Department of Neurosurgery, S. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberta Piva
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Lisignoli G, Lambertini E, Manferdini C, Gabusi E, Penolazzi L, Paolella F, Angelozzi M, Casagranda V, Piva R. Collagen type XV and the 'osteogenic status'. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:2236-2244. [PMID: 28332281 PMCID: PMC5571525 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that collagen type XV (ColXV) is a novel bone extracellular matrix (ECM) protein. It is well known that the complex mixture of multiple components present in ECM can help both to maintain stemness or to promote differentiation of stromal cells following change in qualitative characteristics or concentrations. We investigated the possible correlation between ColXV expression and mineral matrix deposition by human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) with different osteogenic potential and by osteoblasts (hOBs) that are able to grow in culture medium with or without calcium. Analysing the osteogenic process, we have shown that ColXV basal levels are lower in cells less prone to osteo‐induction such as hMSCs from Wharton Jelly (hWJMSCs), compared to hMSCs that are prone to osteo‐induction such as those from the bone marrow (hBMMSCs). In the group of samples identified as ‘mineralized MSCs’, during successful osteogenic induction, ColXV protein continued to be detected at substantial levels until early stage of differentiation, but it significantly decreased and then disappeared at the end of culture when the matrix formed was completely calcified. The possibility to grow hOBs in culture medium without calcium corroborated the results obtained with hMSCs demonstrating that calcium deposits organized in a calcified matrix, and not calcium ‘per se’, negatively affected ColXV expression. As a whole, our data suggest that ColXV may participate in ECM organization in the early‐phases of the osteogenic process and that this is a prerequisite to promote the subsequent deposition of mineral matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Lisignoli
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Lambertini
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cristina Manferdini
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Gabusi
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Letizia Penolazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Paolella
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Angelozzi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Veronica Casagranda
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Piva
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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13
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In Vitro Characterization of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Isolated from Different Tissues with a Potential to Promote Complex Bone Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:3595941. [PMID: 27999599 PMCID: PMC5143785 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3595941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue regeneration is a major, worldwide medical need, and several strategies have been developed to support the regeneration of extensive bone defects, including stem cell based bone grafts. In addition to the application of stem cells with high osteogenic potential, it is important to maintain proper blood flow in a bone graft to avoid inner graft necrosis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may form both osteocytes and endothelial cells; therefore we examined the combined in vitro osteogenic and endothelial differentiation capacities of MSCs derived from adipose tissue, Wharton's jelly, and periodontal ligament. Based on a detailed characterization presented here, MSCs isolated from adipose tissue and periodontal ligament may be most appropriate for generating vascularized bone grafts.
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14
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Rehman M, Gurrapu S, Cagnoni G, Capparuccia L, Tamagnone L. PlexinD1 Is a Novel Transcriptional Target and Effector of Notch Signaling in Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164660. [PMID: 27749937 PMCID: PMC5066946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The secreted semaphorin Sema3E controls cell migration and invasiveness in cancer cells. Sema3E-receptor, PlexinD1, is frequently upregulated in melanoma, breast, colon, ovarian and prostate cancers; however, the mechanisms underlying PlexinD1 upregulation and the downstream events elicited in tumor cells are still unclear. Here we show that the canonical RBPjk-dependent Notch signaling cascade controls PlexinD1 expression in primary endothelial and cancer cells. Transcriptional activation was studied by quantitative PCR and promoter activity reporter assays. We found that Notch ligands and constitutively activated intracellular forms of Notch receptors upregulated PlexinD1 expression; conversely RNAi-based knock-down, or pharmacological inhibition of Notch signaling by gamma-secretase inhibitors, downregulated PlexinD1 levels. Notably, both Notch1 and Notch3 expression positively correlates with PlexinD1 levels in prostate cancer, as well as in other tumor types. In prostate cancer cells, Sema3E-PlexinD1 axis was previously reported to regulate migration; however, implicated mechanisms were not elucidated. Here we show that in these cells PlexinD1 activity induces the expression of the transcription factor Slug, downregulates E-cadherin levels and enhances cell migration. Moreover, our mechanistic data identify PlexinD1 as a pivotal mediator of this signaling axis downstream of Notch in prostate cancer cells. In fact, on one hand, PlexinD1 is required to mediate cell migration and E-cadherin regulation elicited by Notch. On the other hand, PlexinD1 upregulation is sufficient to induce prostate cancer cell migration and metastatic potential in mice, leading to functional rescue in the absence of Notch. In sum, our work identifies PlexinD1 as a novel transcriptional target induced by Notch signaling, and reveals its role promoting prostate cancer cell migration and downregulating E-cadherin levels in Slug-dependent manner. Collectively, these findings suggest that Notch-PlexinD1 signaling axis may be targeted to impair prostate cancer cell invasiveness and metastasis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Benzazepines/pharmacology
- Cadherins/genetics
- Cadherins/metabolism
- Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Diamines/pharmacology
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- HEK293 Cells
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Jagged-1 Protein/pharmacology
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Membrane Glycoproteins
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Receptors, Notch/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Notch/genetics
- Receptors, Notch/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Snail Family Transcription Factors/genetics
- Snail Family Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Thiazoles/pharmacology
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rehman
- Cancer Cell Biology Laboratory, Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Sreeharsha Gurrapu
- Cancer Cell Biology Laboratory, Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Gabriella Cagnoni
- Cancer Cell Biology Laboratory, Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Lorena Capparuccia
- Cancer Cell Biology Laboratory, Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Tamagnone
- Cancer Cell Biology Laboratory, Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- * E-mail:
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15
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Coll-Bonfill N, Peinado VI, Pisano MV, Párrizas M, Blanco I, Evers M, Engelmann JC, García-Lucio J, Tura-Ceide O, Meister G, Barberà JA, Musri MM. Slug Is Increased in Vascular Remodeling and Induces a Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferative Phenotype. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159460. [PMID: 27441378 PMCID: PMC4956159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Previous studies have confirmed Slug as a key player in regulating phenotypic changes in several cell models, however, its role in smooth muscle cells (SMC) has never been assessed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of Slug during the phenotypic switch of SMC in vitro and throughout the development of vascular remodeling. Methods and Results Slug expression was decreased during both cell-to-cell contact and TGFβ1 induced SMC differentiation. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), a known inductor of a proliferative/dedifferentiated SMC phenotype, induces the expression of Slug in SMC. Slug knockdown blocked TNFα-induced SMC phenotypic change and significantly reduced both SMC proliferation and migration, while its overexpression blocked the TGFβ1-induced SMC differentiation and induced proliferation and migration. Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis showed that in SMC, Slug knockdown induced changes mainly in genes related to proliferation and migration, indicating that Slug controls these processes in SMC. Notably, Slug expression was significantly up-regulated in lungs of mice using a model of pulmonary hypertension-related vascular remodeling. Highly remodeled human pulmonary arteries also showed an increase of Slug expression compared to less remodeled arteries. Conclusions Slug emerges as a key transcription factor driving SMC towards a proliferative phenotype. The increased Slug expression observed in vivo in highly remodeled arteries of mice and human suggests a role of Slug in the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Coll-Bonfill
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor I. Peinado
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - María V. Pisano
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Isabel Blanco
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maurits Evers
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julia C. Engelmann
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jessica García-Lucio
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Tura-Ceide
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gunter Meister
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BZR), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Joan Albert Barberà
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Melina M. Musri
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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16
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Lambertini E, Penolazzi L, Morganti C, Lisignoli G, Zini N, Angelozzi M, Bonora M, Ferroni L, Pinton P, Zavan B, Piva R. Osteogenic differentiation of human MSCs: Specific occupancy of the mitochondrial DNA by NFATc1 transcription factor. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 64:212-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Coll-Bonfill N, Musri MM, Ivo V, Barberà JA, Tura-Ceide O. Transdifferentiation of endothelial cells to smooth muscle cells play an important role in vascular remodelling. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF STEM CELLS 2015; 4:13-21. [PMID: 25973327 PMCID: PMC4396157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary artery remodelling it is a major feature of pulmonary hypertension (PH). It is characterised by cellular and structural changes of the pulmonary arteries causing higher pulmonar vascular resistance and right ventricular failure. Abnormal deposition of smooth muscle-like (SM-like) cells in normally non-muscular, small diameter vessels and a deregulated control of endothelial cells are considered pathological features of PH. The origin of the SM-like cells and the mechanisms underlying the development and progression of this remodelling process are not understood. Endothelial cells within the intima may migrate from their organised layer of cells and transition to mesenchymal or SM-like phenotype in a process called endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EnMT). Traditionally, Waddington's epigenetic landscape illustrates that fates of somatic cells are progressively determined to compulsorily follow a downhill differentiation pathway. EnMT induces the transformation of cells with stem cell traits, therefore contrasting Waddington's theory and confirming that cell fate seems to be far more flexible than previously thought. The prospect of therapeutic inhibition of EnMT to delay or prevent PH may represent a promising new treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Coll-Bonfill
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Melina Mara Musri
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona Barcelona 08036, Spain ; Instituto de Investigación Médica M, Y M. Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Argentina
| | - Victor Ivo
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona Barcelona 08036, Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias Spain
| | - Joan Albert Barberà
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona Barcelona 08036, Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias Spain
| | - Olga Tura-Ceide
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona Barcelona 08036, Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias Spain
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18
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Lisignoli G, Manferdini C, Lambertini E, Zini N, Angelozzi M, Gabusi E, Gambari L, Penolazzi L, Lolli A, Facchini A, Piva R. Chondrogenic potential of Slug-depleted human mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:2795-805. [PMID: 24712489 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of short interfering RNA (siRNA) in combination with stem cells and biocompatible scaffolds is a promising strategy in regenerative medicine. Our experimental strategy was to explore the possibility of forcing or guiding the chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) by knocking down a negative regulator of chondrogenesis, Slug transcription factor (TF), thus altering cell behavior. We found that TGFβ-driven chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs cultured onto a hyaluronan-based scaffold, HYAFF(®)-11, was strengthened after cell exposure to siRNA against Slug. Slug silencing was effective in promoting the expression of chondrogenic markers, including Col2A1, aggrecan, Sox9, LEF1, and TRPS1. In addition, we confirmed that HYAFF-11 is a good scaffold candidate for hMSC use in tissue engineering applications, and showed that it is effective in sustaining TGFβ3 treatment associated with a specific gene silencing. Interestingly, preliminary results from the experimental model described here suggested that, even in the absence of differentiation supplements, Slug silencing showed a pro-chondrogenic effect, highlighting both its potential use as an alternative to TGFβ treatment, and the critical role of the Slug TF in determining the fate of hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Lisignoli
- 1 SC Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , Bologna, Italy
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19
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Lolli A, Lambertini E, Penolazzi L, Angelozzi M, Morganti C, Franceschetti T, Pelucchi S, Gambari R, Piva R. Pro-Chondrogenic Effect of miR-221 and Slug Depletion in Human MSCs. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2014; 10:841-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9532-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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El Omar R, Beroud J, Stoltz JF, Menu P, Velot E, Decot V. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells: the new gold standard for mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies? TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2014; 20:523-44. [PMID: 24552279 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Due to their self-renewal capacity, multilineage differentiation potential, paracrine effects, and immunosuppressive properties, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are an attractive and promising tool for regenerative medicine. MSCs can be isolated from various tissues but despite their common immunophenotypic characteristics and functional properties, source-dependent differences in MSCs properties have recently emerged and lead to different clinical applications. Considered for a long time as a medical waste, umbilical cord appears these days as a promising source of MSCs. Several reports have shown that umbilical cord-derived MSCs are more primitive, proliferative, and immunosuppressive than their adult counterparts. In this review, we aim at synthesizing the differences between umbilical cord MSCs and MSCs from other sources (bone marrow, adipose tissue, periodontal ligament, dental pulp,…) with regard to their proliferation capacity, proteic and transcriptomic profiles, and their secretome involved in their regenerative, homing, and immunomodulatory capacities. Although umbilical cord MSCs are until now not particularly used as an MSC source in clinical practice, accumulating evidence shows that they may have a therapeutic advantage to treat several diseases, especially autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reine El Omar
- 1 CNRS UMR UL 7365 , Bâtiment Biopôle, Faculté de médecine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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21
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Brini AT, Niada S, Lambertini E, Torreggiani E, Arrigoni E, Lisignoli G, Piva R. Chondrogenic potential of human mesenchymal stem cells and expression of Slug transcription factor. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 9:740-4. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna T. Brini
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences; University of Milan; Italy
- IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Stefania Niada
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences; University of Milan; Italy
- IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Elisabetta Lambertini
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences; University of Ferrara; Italy
| | - Elena Torreggiani
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences; University of Ferrara; Italy
| | - Elena Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences; University of Milan; Italy
| | - Gina Lisignoli
- SC Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration; Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute; Bologna Italy
- RAMSES laboratory; Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute; Bologna Italy
| | - Roberta Piva
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences; University of Ferrara; Italy
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22
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Giuliani N, Lisignoli G, Magnani M, Racano C, Bolzoni M, Dalla Palma B, Spolzino A, Manferdini C, Abati C, Toscani D, Facchini A, Aversa F. New insights into osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and their potential clinical applications for bone regeneration in pediatric orthopaedics. Stem Cells Int 2013; 2013:312501. [PMID: 23766767 PMCID: PMC3676919 DOI: 10.1155/2013/312501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are pluripotent adult stem cells capable of being differentiated into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes. The osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs is regulated either by systemic hormones or by local growth factors able to induce specific intracellular signal pathways that modify the expression and activity of several transcription factors. Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and Wnt signaling-related molecules are the major factors critically involved in the osteogenic differentiation process by hMSCs, and SRY-related high-mobility-group (HMG) box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) is involved in the chondrogenic one. hMSCs have generated a great interest in the field of regenerative medicine, particularly in bone regeneration. In this paper, we focused our attention on the molecular mechanisms involved in osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of hMSC, and the potential clinical use of hMSCs in osteoarticular pediatric disease characterized by fracture nonunion and pseudarthrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Giuliani
- Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Gina Lisignoli
- SC Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale e Laboratorio RAMSES, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marina Magnani
- Paediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via GC Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Costantina Racano
- Paediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via GC Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marina Bolzoni
- Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Benedetta Dalla Palma
- Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Angelica Spolzino
- Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Cristina Manferdini
- SC Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale e Laboratorio RAMSES, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Caterina Abati
- Paediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via GC Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Denise Toscani
- Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Facchini
- SC Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale e Laboratorio RAMSES, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Franco Aversa
- Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
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23
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Grassi F, Cattini L, Gambari L, Manferdini C, Piacentini A, Gabusi E, Facchini A, Lisignoli G. T cell subsets differently regulate osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells in vitro. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 10:305-14. [PMID: 23653421 DOI: 10.1002/term.1727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
T lymphocytes play a key role in the regulation of bone homeostasis and bone healing. The inflammatory response at the site of bone injury is essential to the initiation of the bone repair program; however, an uncontrolled exposure to inflammatory environment has a negative effect on tissue regeneration - indeed, activated T cells were shown to inhibit osteogenic differentiation on human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Whether resting T cells can induce osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and what role specific T cells subset play in this process is still elusive. In this study, we sought to analyse the osteogenic gene expression profile of whole T cells, CD4 and CD8 T cells isolated from healthy donors and investigated whether secreted factors from each group modulate osteogenic differentiation of human MSCs. Gene expression profiling identified a pool of 51 genes involved at various stages in bone growth which are expressed above detectable levels in CD4 and CD8 T cells. Most genes of this pool were expressed at higher levels in the CD4 subset. In vitro mineralization assays revealed that conditioned medium from CD4 T cells, but not from CD8 cells, significantly increased mineralization in osteogenic cultures of human MSCs; furthermore, mRNA expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX-2), osteocalcin (OC), bone sialoprotein (BSP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in MSCs was significantly upregulated in the presence of CD4-conditioned medium but not with that obtained from CD8. The results show a differential role for CD4 and CD8 T cells in supporting bone formation and identify an osteogenic gene signature of each subset.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Cattini
- S. C. Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Gambari
- S. C. Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Manferdini
- S. C. Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Piacentini
- S. C. Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Gabusi
- Laboratorio RAMSES, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Facchini
- S. C. Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gina Lisignoli
- S. C. Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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24
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Lambertini E, Lolli A, Vezzali F, Penolazzi L, Gambari R, Piva R. Correlation between Slug transcription factor and miR-221 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:445. [PMID: 23031797 PMCID: PMC3534407 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer and its metastatic progression is mainly directed by epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a phenomenon supported by specific transcription factors and miRNAs. METHODS In order to investigate a possible correlation between Slug transcription factor and miR-221, we performed Slug gene silencing in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and evaluated the expression of genes involved in supporting the breast cancer phenotype, using qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and wound healing assays were employed to determine a functional link between these two molecules. RESULTS We showed that Slug silencing significantly decreased the level of miR-221 and vimentin, reactivated Estrogen Receptor α and increased E-cadherin and TRPS1 expression. We demonstrated that miR-221 is a Slug target gene, and identified a specific region of miR-221 promoter that is transcriptionally active and binds the transcription factor Slug "in vivo". In addition, we showed that in Slug-silenced cells, wich retained residual miR-221 (about 38%), cell migration was strongly inhibited. Cell migration was inhibited, but to a less degree, following complete knockdown of miR-221 expression by transfection with antagomiR-221. CONCLUSIONS We report for the first time evidence of a correlation between Slug transcription factor and miR-221 in breast cancer cells. These studies suggest that miR-221 expression is, in part, dependent on Slug in breast cancer cells, and that Slug plays a more important role than miR-221 in cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Lambertini
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
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25
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Siniscalco D, Giordano A, Galderisi U. Novel insights in basic and applied stem cell therapy. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:2283-6. [PMID: 21780112 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The achievement of novel findings in stem cell research were the subject of the meeting organized by Stem Cell Research Italy (SCR Italy) and by the International Society for Cellular Therapy-Europe (ISCT). Stem cell therapy represents great promise for the future of molecular and regenerative medicine. The use of several types of stem cells is a real opportunity to provide a valid approach to curing several untreatable human diseases. Before it is suitable for clinical applications, stem cell biology needs to be investigated further and in greater detail. Basic stem cell research could provide exact knowledge regarding stem cell action mechanisms, and pre-clinical research on stem cells on an in vivo model of disease provides scientific evidence for future human applications. Applied stem cell research is a promising new approach to handling several diseases. Along with tissue engineering, it offers a new and promising discipline that can help to manage human pathologies through stem cell therapy. All of these themes were discussed in this meeting, covering stem cell subtypes with their newest basic and applied research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Siniscalco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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26
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Liu YN, Yin JJ, Abou-Kheir W, Hynes PG, Casey OM, Fang L, Yi M, Stephens RM, Seng V, Sheppard-Tillman H, Martin P, Kelly K. MiR-1 and miR-200 inhibit EMT via Slug-dependent and tumorigenesis via Slug-independent mechanisms. Oncogene 2012; 32:296-306. [PMID: 22370643 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmental program of signaling pathways that determine commitment to epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes. In the prostate, EMT processes have been implicated in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer progression. In a model of Pten- and TP53-null prostate adenocarcinoma that progresses via transforming growth factor β-induced EMT, mesenchymal transformation is characterized by plasticity, leading to various mesenchymal lineages and the production of bone. Here we show that SLUG is a major regulator of mesenchymal differentiation. As microRNAs (miRs) are pleiotropic regulators of differentiation and tumorigenesis, we evaluated miR expression associated with tumorigenesis and EMT. Mir-1 and miR-200 were reduced with progression of prostate adenocarcinoma, and we identify Slug as one of the phylogenetically conserved targets of these miRs. We demonstrate that SLUG is a direct repressor of miR-1 and miR-200 transcription. Thus, SLUG and miR-1/miR-200 act in a self-reinforcing regulatory loop, leading to amplification of EMT. Depletion of Slug inhibited EMT during tumorigenesis, whereas forced expression of miR-1 or miR-200 inhibited both EMT and tumorigenesis in human and mouse model systems. Various miR targets were analyzed, and our findings suggest that miR-1 has roles in regulating EMT and mesenchymal differentiation through Slug and functions in tumor-suppressive programs by regulating additional targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-N Liu
- Cell and Cancer Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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27
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Penolazzi L, Mazzitelli S, Vecchiatini R, Torreggiani E, Lambertini E, Johnson S, Badylak SF, Piva R, Nastruzzi C. Human mesenchymal stem cells seeded on extracellular matrix-scaffold: viability and osteogenic potential. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:857-66. [PMID: 21830215 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development and the optimization of novel culture systems of mesenchymal osteoprogenitors are some of the most important challenges in the field of bone tissue engineering (TE). A new combination between cells and extracellular matrix (ECM)-scaffold, containing ECM has here been analyzed. As source for osteoprogenitors, mesenchymal stem cells obtained from human umbilical cord Wharton's Jelly (hWJMSCs), were used. As ECM-scaffold, a powder form of isolated and purified porcine urinary bladder matrix (pUBM), was employed. The goals of the current work were: (1) the characterization of the in vitro hWJMSCs behavior, in terms of viability, proliferation, and adhesion to ECM-scaffold; (2) the effectiveness of ECM-scaffold to induce/modulate the osteoblastic differentiation; and (3) the proposal for a possible application of cells/ECM-scaffold construct to the field of cell/TE. In this respect, the properties of the pUBM-scaffold in promoting and guiding the in vitro adhesion, proliferation, and three-dimensional colonization of hWJMSCs, without altering viability and morphological characteristics of the cells, are here described. Finally, we have also demonstrated that pUBM-scaffolds positively affect the expression of typical osteoblastic markers in hWJMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Penolazzi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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28
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Janebodin K, Horst OV, Ieronimakis N, Balasundaram G, Reesukumal K, Pratumvinit B, Reyes M. Isolation and characterization of neural crest-derived stem cells from dental pulp of neonatal mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27526. [PMID: 22087335 PMCID: PMC3210810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are shown to reside within the tooth and play an important role in dentin regeneration. DPSCs were first isolated and characterized from human teeth and most studies have focused on using this adult stem cell for clinical applications. However, mouse DPSCs have not been well characterized and their origin(s) have not yet been elucidated. Herein we examined if murine DPSCs are neural crest derived and determined their in vitro and in vivo capacity. DPSCs from neonatal murine tooth pulp expressed embryonic stem cell and neural crest related genes, but lacked expression of mesodermal genes. Cells isolated from the Wnt1-Cre/R26R-LacZ model, a reporter of neural crest-derived tissues, indicated that DPSCs were Wnt1-marked and therefore of neural crest origin. Clonal DPSCs showed multi-differentiation in neural crest lineage for odontoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, neurons, and smooth muscles. Following in vivo subcutaneous transplantation with hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate, based on tissue/cell morphology and specific antibody staining, the clones differentiated into odontoblast-like cells and produced dentin-like structure. Conversely, bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) gave rise to osteoblast-like cells and generated bone-like structure. Interestingly, the capillary distribution in the DPSC transplants showed close proximity to odontoblasts whereas in the BMSC transplants bone condensations were distant to capillaries resembling dentinogenesis in the former vs. osteogenesis in the latter. Thus we demonstrate the existence of neural crest-derived DPSCs with differentiation capacity into cranial mesenchymal tissues and other neural crest-derived tissues. In turn, DPSCs hold promise as a source for regenerating cranial mesenchyme and other neural crest derived tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajohnkiart Janebodin
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Orapin V. Horst
- Departments of Dental Public Health Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Ieronimakis
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Gayathri Balasundaram
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kanit Reesukumal
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Busadee Pratumvinit
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Morayma Reyes
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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