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Padrón-Monedero A, Linares C, Díaz J, Noguer-Zambrano I. Impact of drought on mental and behavioral disorders, contributions of research in a climate change context. A narrative review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2024; 68:1035-1042. [PMID: 38503966 PMCID: PMC11109013 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-024-02657-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Mental and behavioral disorders are an important public health problem and constitute a priority for the WHO, whose recommendations include the surveillance of their risk factors. On the other hand, drought episodes have been increasing in frequency and severity in Europe since 1980. Therefore, to review the present knowledge about the impact of drought on mental and behavioral disorders, in the present climate change context, and to underline potential research gaps, could be of major interest. Thus, we performed a narrative review using online academic databases with the aim of identifying relevant literature about the impact of drought on mental and behavioral disorders. To the best of our knowledge, no study in Europe quantifies the potential association between drought and mental disorders. A limited number of studies have found significant associations between droughts (with different temporal ranges) and various measures of mental health. However, according to our review, only three of them quantified the association between drought and objective mental health outcomes, such as number of emergencies due to clinically diagnosed mental disorders or suicides. Additionally, few studies used specific indices as a measure of drought; and finally, as far as authors are aware, none of them has analyzed this relationship adjusting for various other potential environmental confounders. Moreover, the eventual association could vary between different geographical areas within the same country. Therefore, national and regional studies would be especially necessary. Thus, there is a need for specific national and regional studies, in Europe and globally, that assess the impact of specific indices of drought (with different temporal ranges) on objective mental health outcomes controlling for potential environmental confounders. Moreover, the quantification of its cost would be necessary for health prioritization, evidence-based policies and strategic health planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Padrón-Monedero
- Health Programs Department, National School of Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute, Av./ Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cristina Linares
- Climate Change, Health and Urban Environment Reference Unit, National School of Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute (Instituto de Salud Carlos III/ISCIII), Av./ Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Díaz
- Climate Change, Health and Urban Environment Reference Unit, National School of Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute (Instituto de Salud Carlos III/ISCIII), Av./ Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Noguer-Zambrano
- Health Programs Department, National School of Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute, Av./ Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
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Andersson HW, Nordfjærn T, Mosti MP. The relationship between the Hopkins symptom checklist-10 and diagnoses of anxiety and depression among inpatients with substance use disorders. Nord J Psychiatry 2024; 78:319-327. [PMID: 38421343 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2024.2323124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Hopkins Symptom Checklist-10 (HSCL-10) is a self-report inventory of anxiety and depression symptoms that may assist clinicians in screening for clinical conditions among patients with substance use disorder (SUD). We examined the HSCL-10 as a screening tool for anxiety and depressive disorders within a general population of SUD inpatients. METHODS We used data from a cohort study of 611 SUD inpatients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were conducted, with and without covariates, to evaluate the potential of the HSCL-10 as a screening tool. This was explored using any anxiety disorder, especially posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and any mood disorder, especially major depressive disorders, as the outcome criteria. Candidate covariates included gender, age, education, polydrug use and treatment center.Results: The HSCL-10 had a moderate ability to identify caseness (i.e. having or not having a clinical diagnosis) according to each outcome criterion, with the area under the ROC curve (AUC) varying from 0.64 to 0.66. Adding relevant covariates markedly enhanced the instrument's ability to identify those who met the criteria for any anxiety disorder (AUC = 0.77), especially PTSD (AUC = 0.82). CONCLUSION In a real-world clinical setting, the HSCL-10 has fair-to-good clinical utility for identifying SUD inpatients who have comorbid clinical symptoms of anxiety disorders or PTSD, when combined with common background variables. The HSCL-10, a brief self-report screening tool, may serve as an efficient proxy for comprehensive interviews used in research and for clinical anxiety symptom screening among patients with SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helle Wessel Andersson
- Department of Research and Development, Clinic of Substance Use and Addiction Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trond Nordfjærn
- Department of Research and Development, Clinic of Substance Use and Addiction Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mats P Mosti
- Department of Research and Development, Clinic of Substance Use and Addiction Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Rothe J, Brückner G, Ring M, Roessner V, Wolff N, Vetter NC. Emotions and worries during 1.5 years of the COVID-19 pandemic - how adults with and without mental health conditions coped with the crisis. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:114. [PMID: 38336631 PMCID: PMC10858480 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05573-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID 19 pandemic, there were social restrictions with severe mental stress for a long time. Most studies on mental health consequences of the pandemic focused primarily on the beginning of the pandemic. The present study on families of patients or study participants of a child and adolescent psychiatry aimed to examine long-term profiles of emotions and worries in adults with and without mental health condition (mhc) during the first 1.5 years of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We surveyed emotions and worries of 128 adults with (n = 32) and without (n = 96) pre-pandemic mhc over a 1.5-year study period from spring 2020 until summer/autumn 2021. Emotions and worries were captured at four time points: [i] pre-pandemic, [ii] spring 2020 (first lockdown was implemented), [iii] December 2020 (hard lockdown at Christmas time) and [iv] summer/autumn 2021 (considerable ease of regulations); [i] pre-pandemic and [iii] December 2020 were measured retrospectively). First, we run non-parametric tests to compare emotions and worries between adults with and without pre-pandemic mhc at the four time points. Next, we conducted latent profile analysis to identify subgroups from the total sample who share similar trajectories of emotions and worries. Finally, a logistic regression analysis was run to examine whether socio-demographic and psycho-social factors were related to identified trajectories of emotions and worries. RESULTS Adults without pre-pandemic mhc reported a strong worsening of emotions and worries at the beginning of the pandemic and a lower worsening during the course, while adults with pre-pandemic mhc reported a constant worsening of emotions and worries. The latent profile analysis revealed three profiles of adults who show either i) an adaption, ii) no adaption or iii) a continuous high condition. With increasing age, higher perceived stress and pre-pandemic mhc, the likelihood of an adaption was increased. CONCLUSION The results of the present study suggested that adults (both with and without pre-pandemic mhc) coped the crisis with different strategies and that most of them returned to their initial, pre-pandemic levels of emotions and worries when social restrictions were considerably eased or stopped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Rothe
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Greta Brückner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Melanie Ring
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicole Wolff
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nora C Vetter
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Psychology, Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Fernandez MDS, da Silva NRJ, Bielavski CH, da Silva JA, Silva AER. Generalized anxiety disorder in Brazilian undergraduate dental students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2024; 28:117-129. [PMID: 37277980 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Explore the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and associated factors in undergraduate dental students during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cross-sectional study. A semi-structured questionnaire addressing the variables of interest was shared with dental students between July 8 and 27 2020. The outcome was determined using the seven-item generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7) scale. A 'positive' diagnosis was defined as a total of ≥10 points on the scale. Statistical analysis involved descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses, with the significance level set at 5%. RESULTS Among the 1050 students evaluated, 53.8% had a positive diagnosis for GAD. The multivariate analysis revealed that the prevalence of symptoms was higher among individuals who resided with more than three people, those enrolled at teaching institutions that suspended all clinical and laboratory activities, those who did not have an adequate home situation to maintain distance learning, those who had been diagnosed with COVID-19, those who felt anxious about having to see patients with a suspicion or diagnosis of COVID-19 and those who preferred to interrupt in-person academic activities until the population is vaccinated for the COVID-19 virus. CONCLUSION The prevalence of GAD was high. Aspects related to the composition and organization of the home, the suspension of academic activities, a history of COVID-19 contamination, feelings of anxiety in providing dental care to patients with symptoms/suspected of COVID-19 infection and the preference to interrupt in-person academic activities until the population is vaccinated for COVID-19 were factors predisposing the students to anxiety during the first wave of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jandilson Avelino da Silva
- Department of Psychology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Emidio Ribeiro Silva
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Blom S, Lindh F, Lundin A, Burström B, Hensing G, Löve J. How gender and low mental health literacy are related to unmet need for mental healthcare: a cross-sectional population-based study in Sweden. Arch Public Health 2024; 82:12. [PMID: 38273389 PMCID: PMC10809616 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01228-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men are more likely to have unmet need for mental healthcare than women. However, an under-investigated aspect of the gender difference is the role of mental health literacy. This study investigated how combinations of gender and mental health literacy were related to two indicators of unmet need: not perceiving a need for mental healthcare despite poor mental health, and refraining from seeking mental healthcare. METHODS This cross-sectional study was based on a questionnaire sent to a general population sample, aged 16-84 years, in Stockholm County, Sweden, in 2019. Of the 1863 respondents (38%), 1563 were included (≥18 years). The sample was stratified into four groups, men and women with low or high mental health literacy, using the third quartile of the Mental Health Knowledge Schedule. The likelihood of not perceiving a need for mental healthcare and refraining from seeking mental healthcare, at any time in life, were investigated by calculating odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Men with low mental health literacy were most likely to not perceive a need for mental healthcare, also when adjusting for age, education, and poor mental health (OR 5.3, 95% CI 3.6-7.7), and to refrain from seeking mental healthcare, also when adjusting for age and education (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.7-6.4), followed by men with high mental health literacy (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.5-2.4, and OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0-2.2) and women with low mental health literacy (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2-2.9, and OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1-3.9). Women with high mental health literacy were least likely (reference group). CONCLUSION The results show differences in the likelihood of unmet need for mental healthcare based on combinations of gender and mental health literacy level, with men having low mental health literacy being most at risk, and women with high mental health literacy being least at risk. This challenges generalisations of a gender difference in unmet need by showing heterogeneity among men and women based on mental health literacy. Men with low mental health literacy may be particularly in need of targeted interventions to reduce potential individual and societal consequences of their unmet need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Blom
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 453, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Frida Lindh
- Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Region Stockholm, Solnavägen 1E, 104 31, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Lundin
- Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Region Stockholm, Solnavägen 1E, 104 31, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo Burström
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnel Hensing
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 453, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jesper Löve
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 453, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Efe Z, Baldofski S, Kohls E, Eckert M, Saee S, Thomas J, Wundrack R, Rummel-Kluge C. Linguistic Variables and Gender Differences Within a Messenger-Based Psychosocial Chat Counseling Service for Children and Adolescents: Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e51795. [PMID: 38214955 PMCID: PMC10818237 DOI: 10.2196/51795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Text messaging is widely used by young people for communicating and seeking mental health support through chat-based helplines. However, written communication lacks nonverbal cues, and language usage is an important source of information about a person's mental health state and is known to be a marker for psychopathology. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate language usage, and its gender differences and associations with the presence of psychiatric symptoms within a chat counseling service for adolescents and young adults. METHODS For this study, the anonymized chat content of a German messenger-based psychosocial chat counseling service for children and adolescents ("krisenchat") between May 2020 and July 2021 was analyzed. In total, 661,131 messages from 6962 users were evaluated using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count, considering the following linguistic variables: first-person singular and plural pronouns, negations, positive and negative emotion words, insight words, and causation words. Descriptive analyses were performed, and gender differences of those variables were evaluated. Finally, a binary logistic regression analysis examined the predictive value of linguistic variables on the presence of psychiatric symptoms. RESULTS Across all analyzed chats, first-person singular pronouns were used most frequently (965,542/8,328,309, 11.6%), followed by positive emotion words (408,087/8,328,309, 4.9%), insight words (341,460/8,328,309, 4.1%), negations (316,475/8,328,309, 3.8%), negative emotion words (266,505/8,328,309, 3.2%), causation words (241,520/8,328,309, 2.9%), and first-person plural pronouns (499,698/8,328,309, 0.6%). Female users and users identifying as diverse used significantly more first-person singular pronouns and insight words than male users (both P<.001). Negations were significantly more used by female users than male users or users identifying as diverse (P=.007). Similar findings were noted for negative emotion words (P=.01). The regression model of predicting psychiatric symptoms by linguistic variables was significant and indicated that increased use of first-person singular pronouns (odds ratio [OR] 1.05), negations (OR 1.11), and negative emotion words (OR 1.15) was positively associated with the presence of psychiatric symptoms, whereas increased use of first-person plural pronouns (OR 0.39) and causation words (OR 0.90) was negatively associated with the presence of psychiatric symptoms. Suicidality, self-harm, and depression showed the most significant correlations with linguistic variables. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the importance of examining linguistic features in chat counseling contexts. By integrating psycholinguistic findings into counseling practice, counselors may better understand users' psychological processes and provide more targeted support. For instance, certain linguistic features, such as high use of first-person singular pronouns, negations, or negative emotion words, may indicate the presence of psychiatric symptoms, particularly among female users and users identifying as diverse. Further research is needed to provide an in-depth look into language processes within chat counseling services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeki Efe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabrina Baldofski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kohls
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Richard Wundrack
- Krisenchat gGmbH, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Chair of Personality Psychology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Rummel-Kluge
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Song J, Feng K, Zhang D, Wang S, Wang W, Li Y. The Relationship Between Mental Health Literacy, Overall Adaptation and Mental Health of University Freshers. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:4935-4947. [PMID: 38089531 PMCID: PMC10711296 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s437718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Entering university is a big change in life. It can cause a lot of stress for new students. Stress can affect their mental health in a negative way. Mental health literacy is the knowledge and skills to deal with mental health issues. It can help new students cope better with stress and improve their mental health. OBJECTIVE To investigate the status of mental health literacy, overall adaptation, and mental health of university freshers, and to explore the influence of mental health literacy on the overall adaptation and mental health, as well as the mediating role of overall adaptation. METHODS The undergraduate freshers of 2022 from a comprehensive university in Henan Province were selected as the research participants using a cluster sampling method and were investigated by the general information questionnaire, mental health literacy scale (MHLS), the university student overall adaptation questionnaire (CSOAQ) and university personality inventory (UPI). RESULTS (1) The detection rate of mental health problems among freshers was 22.39%, and the mental health literacy (112.26 ± 9.66), overall adaptation (3.93 ± 0.93), mental health (10.90 ± 10.51) of freshers had significant differences in demographic variables. (2) Mental health literacy was significantly positively correlated with overall adaptation and mental health, and overall adaptation was significantly positively correlated with mental health. (3) Overall adaptation plays a mediating role in the impact of mental health literacy on mental health. (4) Gender plays a moderating role in the effects of overall adaptation on mental health. CONCLUSION The mental health literacy of university freshers could not only directly predict their mental health but also indirectly affect their mental health through overall adaptation, which is more significant among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpei Song
- Institute of Psychology and Behaviour, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Feng
- Institute of Psychology and Behaviour, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, People’s Republic of China
- Academic Affairs Office, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dian Zhang
- Institute of Psychology and Behaviour, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Institute of Psychology and Behaviour, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, People’s Republic of China
- Mental Health Service Center, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Psychology and Behaviour, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongxin Li
- Institute of Psychology and Behaviour, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, People’s Republic of China
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Snippe L, Boffo M, Galvin H, Willemen R, Pronk T, Dom G, Wiers RW. How We Lost 90% of Participants on a Bad Bet: Results from a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial on Cognitive Bias Modification in Problem Gamblers. J Gambl Stud 2023:10.1007/s10899-023-10263-6. [PMID: 38006537 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-023-10263-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Whilst opportunities to participate in gambling have increased, access to support for problem gamblers is lacking behind. This lack of balance calls for improved and accessible intervention methods. The present double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) explored the effectiveness of two interventions targeting automatic cognitive processes, known as Attentional Bias Modification (AtBM) and Approach Bias Modification (ApBM). It was hypothesized these interventions would reduce gambling behavior and reduce or reverse targeted biases. Participants (N = 331) were community-recruited Flemish (35%) and Dutch (65%) adult problem gamblers motivated to reduce or stop their gambling who received either six sessions of active training (AtBM or ApBM) or of the corresponding sham-training (sham-AtBM or sham-ApBM). Due to high attrition rates (90.1% up to the intervention phase) the study was terminated before completion, since it would greatly limit the validity of any results. A post hoc qualitative study was performed on a subset of participants to gain insight into contributing factors for the high attrition rate. Issues negatively impacting participants' motivation to complete the program were identified, as well as elements of the program that received approval. The results from this study provide a first insight into the potential of the use of online cognitive bias modification (CBM) interventions in problem gambling (PG). Suggestions and directions for future studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leroy Snippe
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp (UAntwerp), Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Marilisa Boffo
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies (DPECS), Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harriet Galvin
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies (DPECS), Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas Pronk
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Dom
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp (UAntwerp), Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Reinout W Wiers
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Schukking N, Scheepstra KWF, Bergfeld IO, van Waarde JA, Tendolkar I, Spaans HP, Hegeman AJM, Scheepens DS, Lok A. A Multicenter Retrospective Chart Review on the Effectiveness and Tolerability of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Adolescents and Young Adults With Major Depressive Disorder or Bipolar Depression. J ECT 2023:00124509-990000000-00119. [PMID: 37984354 DOI: 10.1097/yct.0000000000000978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder and bipolar depression in adolescents and young adults are prevalent and major contributors to the global burden of disease, whereas effective interventions are limited. Available evidence is insufficient to assess effectiveness and tolerability of electroconvulsive therapy in depressed adolescents and young adults. METHODS A retrospective chart review was conducted in patients with major depressive disorder or bipolar depression who underwent electroconvulsive therapy from 2001 to 2021 in 12 centers in the Netherlands. Patients were classified as young (15-25 years) and older adults (26-80 years). Primary outcome was effectiveness, expressed as response (≥50% reduction in rating scale score compared with baseline) and remission. Rating scale scores were cross-sectionally assessed at baseline and at the end of the index course. Outcomes of remitters were included in responders. Secondary outcome was occurrence of subjective cognitive impairment and adverse events. Long-term outcomes were not available. RESULTS In the young (n = 57) and older adult (n = 41) group, 40.4% and 56.1% (P = 0.153) of patients achieved response and 28.1% and 39.0% (P = 0.281) remission, respectively. Subjective cognitive impairment (80.5% vs 56.3%; P = 0.001) and transient cardiac arrhythmia (14.6% vs 2.8%; P = 0.020) were reported significantly more frequently in the older adult group. CONCLUSIONS Despite significantly more comorbidity of personality disorders, autism spectrum disorders, and anxiety disorders, effectiveness in the young was similar to the older adults. Tolerability was even superior in the young, despite significantly more bilateral treatment. Electroconvulsive therapy could be considered a viable treatment option in depressed adolescents and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nout Schukking
- From the Department of Adult Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam
| | | | | | | | - Indira Tendolkar
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Nijmegen
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Jufresa-Blanch E, Carrilero N, García-Altés A. The influence of general practitioner and patient sex on the treatment of major depression. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1274774. [PMID: 38027028 PMCID: PMC10665506 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1274774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Biological and sociocultural factors may lead to a significant gender bias in the treatment of major depression and thus contribute to accentuating gender inequalities. However, the influence of the general practitioner's (GP's) sex on the prescription of antidepressants has not been adequately assessed in previous work and remains unclear. This retrospective cohort study aims to determine the influence of GP and patient sex on the treatment of major depression. Methods: The study population comprised 87,629 patients (33.56% male patients and 66.44% female patients) aged over 15 years newly diagnosed with major depression recorded between 2017 and 2019 in Catalonia, Spain. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the effect of GP sex on the therapeutic strategy (i.e., whether antidepressants were prescribed at the first diagnostic visit). Cox proportional hazards models and survival analyses were conducted to compare, according to GP and patient sex, the probability that a patient would be prescribed an antidepressant at any time during the study period. Finally, a multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess the pharmacological intensity of the treatment [monthly fluoxetine-equivalent defined daily dose (DDD)]. Results: Female patients were more likely to be prescribed an antidepressant at the time of diagnosis, both by male [OR = 1.11, 95% CI = (1.05, 1.17), p < 0.001] and female GPs [OR = 1.13, 95% CI = (1.09, 1.17), p < 0.001]. Similarly, female patients were 8% and 9% more likely than male patients to be prescribed an antidepressant from male [HR = 1.08, 95% CI = (1.05, 1.11), p < 0.001] and female GPs [HR = 1.09, 95% CI = (0.92, 1.07), p < 0.001], respectively, during the study period. Female GPs prescribed less antidepressants than male GPs: an average of 0.39 less monthly fluoxetine-equivalent DDD [β = -0.39, 95% CI = (0.10, -3.92), p < 0.001]. Discussion: Few differences are observed between male and female GPs regarding the therapeutic strategy and its intensity for the treatment of major depression. However, both male and female GPs are influenced by biases and stereotypes that entail differential antidepressant-prescribing behaviors in accordance with the sex of the patient and their characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Jufresa-Blanch
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Agència de Qualitat i Avaluació Sanitàries de Catalunya (AQuAS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Carrilero
- Agència de Qualitat i Avaluació Sanitàries de Catalunya (AQuAS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences (DCEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna García-Altés
- Agència de Qualitat i Avaluació Sanitàries de Catalunya (AQuAS), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Amitani H, Nishi R, Sagiyama K, Fukumoto T, Funakoshi K, Takayanagi N, Watanabe H, Hirose M, Tagawa K, Ota K, Ito YM, Asakawa A. The effect of lavender aroma for anxiety disorder: a study protocol for a multicenter, double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:397. [PMID: 37932761 PMCID: PMC10626714 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety disorder is the most prevalent psychiatric disorder. Benzodiazepines, which are often used for anxiety in patients with anxiety disorder, have various side effects. Lavender, one of the most commonly used essential oils in aromatherapy, has the potential to reduce benzodiazepine use for anxiety disorders. METHODS This study is a multicenter, double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The study will recruit patients aged 20-59 years old with generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder among anxiety disorders. The bottle containing the test solution (lavender aroma essential oil or distilled water) will be given to the patients. Patients will carry the bottles with them in their daily life and use the drops on tissue paper when anxious. The primary endpoint is the number of times anxiolytics used in 28 days. DISCUSSION If the use of benzodiazepines could be reduced by sniffing lavender aroma, which is inexpensive and safe, it would contribute not only to the risks associated with benzodiazepine use but also to the health care economy and could even be added as a standard treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION University hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR), ID: UMIN000034422 Registered 17 January 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Amitani
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ryusei Nishi
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Sagiyama
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takamasa Fukumoto
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kouta Funakoshi
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naomi Takayanagi
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Watanabe
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hirose
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koshiro Tagawa
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiko Ota
- Center for Clinical Research and Innovation, Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoichi M Ito
- Data Science Center, Promotion Unit, Institute of Health Science Innovation for Medical Care, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Asakawa
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.
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12
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Moessinger H, Jacob L, Smith L, Koyanagi A, Kostev K. Psychiatric disorder and its association with gastrointestinal cancer: a retrospective cohort study with 45,842 patients in Germany. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:14509-14518. [PMID: 37573275 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05229-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Psychiatric disorders and cancer are both common, and comorbidity has detrimental impacts on cancer outcomes. Previous studies focus on affective disorders which arise after cancer diagnosis, not on the impact of psychiatric disorders on cancer risk. We investigate the association between psychiatric disorders and subsequent gastrointestinal cancer in a large cohort in Germany. METHODS This case-control study used secondary data (electronic medical records) from the national IQVIA Disease Analyzer database. We evaluated the association between previous psychiatric diagnosis in 44,582 matched patients with and without gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. Regression analyses were stratified by psychiatric diagnosis and adjusted by chronic comorbidities and previous psychiatric treatments. RESULTS No association between any previous psychiatric disease and GI cancers was found (OR = 0.98 (0.95-1.02 95%CL, p = 0.39). Previous psychosomatic disorder and GI cancer showed a significant negative association (OR: 0.86, 0.81-0.90 95%CL, p < 0.0001). No association was found between previous diagnosis with depression or PTSD and GI cancer. These results remained consistent when including previous psychiatric treatments in the regression analyses. CONCLUSION Psychiatric disease was not associated with GI cancer risk. Further investigation into the pathways linking psychiatric disease and cancer needs to be conducted, taking into consideration psychiatric treatments administered, to enhance our understanding of the relationship between these two common and devastating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louis Jacob
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Université Paris Cité, AP-HP, Lariboisière-Fernand Widal Hospital, Paris, France
- Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases (EpiAgeing), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance, and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karel Kostev
- Epidemiology, IQVIA, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
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13
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Yik M, Chen CZ. Unraveling Chinese talk about emotion. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1157863. [PMID: 37655199 PMCID: PMC10467276 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1157863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Research in cross-cultural psychiatry has asserted that Chinese people have a higher tendency to report somatic symptoms of their psychological distress than people with a European ethnic background. However, recent studies have reached inconsistent conclusions and most have confounded language use with culture in their study designs. Focusing on the varying degrees of orientation to Chinese culture, the present study examined the words freely listed by two Chinese groups of university students (mainland Chinese and Hong Kong Chinese) when describing their illness experience. Words were categorized into somatic, emotion, and somatic-emotion clusters. Overall, the Chinese participants were more willing to talk about their emotions than their somatic symptoms in an anonymous survey. The enculturated mainland Chinese participants-who reported greater Chinese cultural identity-used significantly more emotion words but fewer somatic-emotion words than the Hong Kong Chinese participants. No group differences were found in somatic words. In contrast to previous findings, the current study failed to find support for the relationship between orientation to Chinese culture and somatic symptom reporting when controlling for language use.
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14
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Alhabeeb AA, Al-Duraihem RA, Alasmary S, Alkhamaali Z, Althumiri NA, BinDhim NF. National screening for anxiety and depression in Saudi Arabia 2022. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1213851. [PMID: 37441650 PMCID: PMC10333514 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1213851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mental health disorders, such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), represent a significant public health concern in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to provide a recent mental health screening prevalence, including anxiety and depression screening in the general public and to explore the associated risk factors. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, employing a phone interview survey with 6,015 participants, using a quota sampling strategy to ensure equal representation of both sexes and administrative regions. The study assessed the prevalence of MDD and GAD risk and examined demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors associated with these mental health disorders. Results The national prevalence of people at risk of MDD and GAD were found to be 12.7 and 12.4%, respectively. Low diagnosis and treatment rates were observed, with only 1.5 and 0.5% of participants currently diagnosed and treated for depression and anxiety, respectively. Risk factors for MDD and GAD included female sex, lower education and income levels, smoking, and waterpipe use. Protective factors included physical activity, participation in volunteering activities and the practice of daily hobbies in the last 30 days. Conclusion The relatively high prevalence of MDD and GAD risk and low diagnosis and treatment rates in Saudi Arabia emphasize the need for increased mental health promotion, early detection, and treatment accessibility. The study highlights the importance of addressing modifiable risk factors and fostering protective factors through targeted interventions. Future research should focus on longitudinal associations, potential mediators and moderators, and the development of culturally appropriate and evidence-based interventions to enhance mental health outcomes in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saeed Alasmary
- National Centre for Mental Health Promotion, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nora A. Althumiri
- Informed Decision-Making for Research and Studies, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser F. BinDhim
- Informed Decision-Making for Research and Studies, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Wu Z, Zhang J, Jiang M, Zhang J, Xiao YW. The longitudinal associations between perceived importance of the internet and depressive symptoms among a sample of Chinese adults. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1167740. [PMID: 37361143 PMCID: PMC10286239 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1167740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to examine the extent to which individuals' cognitive evaluation of the importance of the Internet is associated with depressive symptoms, and in what ways. Methods This study utilized a sample of 4,100 participants from the fourth (2016), fifth (2018), and sixth (2020) waves of the China Family Panel Studies. Structural equation modeling was employed for data analysis. Result The findings of this study reveal that individuals' cognitive evaluation of the importance of the Internet in 2016 was positively linked with the frequency of Internet use and subjective socioeconomic status in 2018. Furthermore, the frequency of Internet use and subjective socioeconomic status in 2018 were found to be negatively associated with depressive symptoms in 2020. These results indicate that the perceived importance of the Internet has an indirect effect on depressive symptoms through the identified pathway. Conclusion The present findings contribute to the existing literature by highlighting the importance of individuals' perceived importance of the internet as a significant factor that influences depressive symptoms. The results suggest that policy makers should take actions to increase public awareness of the importance of the Internet in the digital era, and to ensure equitable access to the internet, thus facilitating convenient internet use and helping individuals adapt to the digital age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Wu
- 1School of Public Affairs, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiabo Zhang
- School of Literature and Media, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Maomin Jiang
- 1School of Public Affairs, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- School of Education, Silliman University, Dumaguete, Philippines
| | - Ye-Wei Xiao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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16
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Nolte-Troha C, Roser P, Henkel D, Scherbaum N, Koller G, Franke AG. Unemployment and Substance Use: An Updated Review of Studies from North America and Europe. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11081182. [PMID: 37108016 PMCID: PMC10137824 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11081182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the industrial revolution, the relationship between unemployment and psychiatric disorders has been a subject of high interest. Currently, regarding the correlation between unemployment and substance-use disorders (SUDs), only older, often isolated and fragmented research results are available in the literature. This review was based on an extensive literature search of the European and North American literature in most relevant databases for "unemployment" and "substance use" related to "drugs", "alcohol", "nicotine", and "tobacco" between November 2022 and January 2023, according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. A total of 59,117 papers were identified, of which only 33 articles were identified as relevant to the research objective. The literature showed significantly higher prevalence rates of SUDs involving divergent psychotropic substances among unemployed people. Unemployment was found to be a risk factor for SUD, and vice versa. However, the correlation between unemployment and relapses or smoking cessation was inconsistent. In addition, there appeared to be a mild effect of business cycles on SUD. The results showed significant multifaceted correlations between unemployment and SUD, indicating that prevention and early intervention are required to prevent harmful psychosocial consequences, such as social disintegration and severe psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Nolte-Troha
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Patrik Roser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LVR University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Dieter Henkel
- Main Institute of Addiction Research (ISFF), University of Applied Sciences Frankfurt, Nibelungenplatz 1, 60318 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Norbert Scherbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LVR University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Koller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas G Franke
- University of Applied Labour Studies, Seckenheimer Landstr. 16, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
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17
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Zhang J, Wiecaszek P, Sami S, Meiser-Stedman R. Association between panic disorder and childhood adversities: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2023; 53:2585-2595. [PMID: 34776038 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721004505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increase the risk of mental health difficulties in general, but the link to panic disorder (PD) has received comparatively little attention. There are no data for the magnitudes between ACEs and PD. This systematic review and meta-analysis estimated the overall, as well as the subgroups, odds ratio of having PD in adults who report ACEs, compared to adults who do not. METHODS The study was pre-registered on PROSPERO [CRD42018111506] and the database was searched in June 2021. In order to overcome the violation of independent assumptions due to multiple estimations from the same samples, we utilized a robust variance estimation model that supports meta-analysis for clustered estimations. Accordingly, an advanced method relaxing the distributional and asymptotic assumptions was used to assess publication bias and sensitivity. RESULTS The literature search and screening returned 34 final studies, comprising 192,182 participants. Ninety-six estimations of 20 types of ACEs were extracted. Pooled ORs are: overall 2.2, CI (1.82-2.58), sexual abuse 1.92, CI (1.37-2.46), physical abuse 1.71, CI (1.37-2.05), emotional abuse 1.61, CI (0.868-2.35), emotional neglect 1.53, CI (0.756-2.31), parental alcoholism 1.83, CI (1.24-2.43), and parental separation/loss 1.82, CI (1.14-2.50). No between-group difference was identified by either sociolegal classification (abuse, neglect, household dysfunction) or threat-deprivation dimensions (high on threat, high on deprivation and mixed). CONCLUSIONS There are links of mild to medium strength between overall ACEs and PD as well as individual ACEs. The homogeneous effect sizes across ACEs either suggest the effects of ACEs on PD are comparable, or raised the question whether the categorical or dimensional approaches to classifying ACEs are the definitive ways to conceptualize the impact of ACEs on later mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Zhang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Saber Sami
- Dementia Research, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Richard Meiser-Stedman
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Rouhani P, Amoushahi M, Keshteli AH, Saneei P, Afshar H, Esmaillzadeh A, Adibi P. Dietary riboflavin intake in relation to psychological disorders in Iranian adults: an observational study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5152. [PMID: 36991113 PMCID: PMC10060244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32309-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Findings of earlier investigations on association between dietary riboflavin intake and psychological disorders are contradictory. Therefore, the relation between dietary riboflavin intake and depression, anxiety, and psychological distress was assessed in Iranian adults. In this cross-sectional study, dietary intakes of 3362 middle-aged adults were collected using a validated dish-based food frequency questionnaire. Daily intake of riboflavin for each participant was calculated by summing up the amount of riboflavin contents of all foods and dishes. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), as validated questionnaires among Iranians, have been applied to assess depression, anxiety, and psychological distress. After considering potential confounders, adults in the top energy-adjusted quartile of riboflavin intake, compared to the bottom quartile, had decreased odds of depression (OR = 0.66; 95%CI 0.49, 0.88), anxiety (OR = 0.64; 95%CI 0.44, 0.94) and high psychological distress (OR = 0.65; 95%CI 0.48, 0.89). Stratified analysis by sex revealed that men in the forth quartile of riboflavin intake, compared with those in the first quartile, had respectively 51 and 55% lower odds of depression (OR = 0.49; 95%CI 0.29, 0.83) and anxiety (OR = 0.45; 95%CI 0.21, 0.95). In women, riboflavin intake was significantly associated with lower odds of psychological distress (OR = 0.67; 95%CI 0.46, 0.98). An inverse relation was observed between dietary riboflavin intake and chance of psychological disorders in Iranian adults. High intake of riboflavin decreased the chance of depression and anxiety in men and high psychological distress in women. More prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Rouhani
- Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amoushahi
- Department of Nutrition, Varastegan Institute for Medical Science, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Nutritional Health Team (NHT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ammar Hassanzadeh Keshteli
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Isfahan Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvane Saneei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Hamid Afshar
- Psychosomatic Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Adibi
- Isfahan Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Ewen ACI, Bleichhardt G, Rief W, Von Blanckenburg P, Wambach K, Wilhelm M. Expectation focused and frequency enhanced cognitive behavioural therapy for patients with major depression (EFFECT): a study protocol of a randomised active-control trial. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e065946. [PMID: 36948546 PMCID: PMC10040046 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effectiveness of psychotherapy in depression is subject of an ongoing debate. The mechanisms of change are still underexplored. Research tries to find influencing factors fostering the effect of psychotherapy. In that context, the dose-response relationship should receive more attention. Increasing the frequency from one to two sessions per week seems to be a promising start. Moreover, the concept of expectations and its influence in depression can be another auspicious approach. Dysfunctional expectations and the lack of their modification are central in symptom maintenance. Expectation focused psychological interventions (EFPI) have been investigated, primarily in the field of depression. The aim of this study is to compare cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) once a week with an intensified version of CBT (two times a week) in depression as well as to include a third proof-of-principle intervention group receiving a condensed expectation focused CBT. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Participants are recruited through an outpatient clinic in Germany. A current major depressive episode, diagnosed via structured clinical interviews should present as the main diagnosis. The planned randomised-controlled trial will allow comparisons between the following treatment conditions: CBT (one session/week), condensed CBT (two sessions/week) and EFPI (two sessions/week). All treatment arms include a total dose of 24 sessions. Depression severity applies as the outcome variable (Beck Depression Inventory II, Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale). A sample size of n=150 is intended. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The local ethics committee of the Department of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg approved the study (reference number 2020-68 v). The final research article including the study results is intended to be published in international peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER German Clinical Trials Registry (DRKS00023203).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Catherine Isabelle Ewen
- Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Fachbereich Psychologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Gaby Bleichhardt
- Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Fachbereich Psychologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Rief
- Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Fachbereich Psychologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Pia Von Blanckenburg
- Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Fachbereich Psychologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Wambach
- Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Fachbereich Psychologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Wilhelm
- Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Fachbereich Psychologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Iordache MM, Sorici CO, Aivaz KA, Lupu EC, Dumitru A, Tocia C, Dumitru E. Depression in Central and Eastern Europe: How Much It Costs? Cost of Depression in Romania. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11060921. [PMID: 36981578 PMCID: PMC10048715 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11060921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aims to estimate the public cost of depression in Romania during a seven-year time span to complement existing papers with data from Central and Eastern Europe and to identify and propose measures that allow efficient use of funds. METHODS We used data collected from the National Health Insurance System to analyze the main components of the cost. FINDINGS Indirect costs exceed direct costs. Within the direct costs, hospitalization and medicines still have an important share but are decreasing due to the intervention of outpatient services such as psychiatrists and psychotherapists. CONCLUSION Since the goal is mental health, it is necessary to act early and quickly to decrease the burden in the long run. Annually, the mean direct cost of depression per patient is EUR 143 (part of it is represented by hospitalization, i.e., EUR 67, and psychotherapy, i.e., EUR 5), the mean cost of sick leaves per patient is EUR 273, and the total cost per patient is EUR 5553. Indirect costs (cost of disability and lost productive years) represent 97.17% of the total cost. An integrated approach to early diagnosis, effective treatment, monitoring, and prevention as well as included economic and social programs are needed to optimize indirect costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miorita Melina Iordache
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 1 Universitatii Alley, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- Prof. Alexandru Obregia Psychiatry Hospital, 10 Berceni Str., 041914 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Costin Octavian Sorici
- Faculty of Economics, Ovidius University of Constanta, 1 Universitatii Street, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Kamer Ainur Aivaz
- Faculty of Economics, Ovidius University of Constanta, 1 Universitatii Street, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Elena Carmen Lupu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900001 Constanta, Romania
| | - Andrei Dumitru
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 1 Universitatii Alley, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- "St. Apostol Andrew" Emergency County Hospital, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Cristina Tocia
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 1 Universitatii Alley, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- "St. Apostol Andrew" Emergency County Hospital, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Eugen Dumitru
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 1 Universitatii Alley, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- "St. Apostol Andrew" Emergency County Hospital, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Research Center for the Morphological and Genetic Study in Malignant Pathology (CEDMOG), Ovidius University of Constanța, 145 Tomis Avenue, 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov Street, 050045 Bucharest, Romania
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21
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Xiong J, Wen JL, Pei GS, Han X, He DQ. Effectiveness of Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for employees with depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2023; 29:268-281. [PMID: 35172706 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2022.2043647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. The effectiveness of Internet interventions for employees with depressive disorder remains controversial. We summarized all available evidence exploring the role of Internet interventions in reducing employees' depressive symptoms. Methods. This study was a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis that included acceptability and preliminary feasibility studies. We excluded programme descriptions, discussion articles and study protocols. We followed the PRISMA guidelines and searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science from database inception to May 2021 for articles published in English. We extracted data concerning demographics, intervention format, including Internet interventions, control group conditions and outcome measures. We used a random-effects model and calculated Hedges' g values for the scores of employees receiving Internet interventions versus control conditions. This systematic review is registered as INPLASY202160082. Results. Data from 19 studies were included. These 19 studies included 5898 participants (2813 participants received Internet interventions, 3085 participants were in control groups). Conclusions. The findings suggest that Internet interventions can be effective in improving depression in employees. However, more randomized controlled trials are needed to provide better evidence regarding Internet interventions for employees with depression, and robust studies are needed to observe the effectiveness of Internet interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xiong
- School of Marxism, Chongqing University, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Lin Wen
- School of Marxism, Chongqing University, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Shu Pei
- School of Marxism, Chongqing University, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Han
- School of Marxism, Chongqing University, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Qing He
- School of Humanities, Mianyang Polytechnic, People's Republic of China
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22
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Fischer F, Zocholl D, Rauch G, Levis B, Benedetti A, Thombs B, Rose M, Kostoulas P. Prevalence estimates of major depressive disorder in 27 European countries from the European Health Interview Survey: accounting for imperfect diagnostic accuracy of the PHQ-8. BMJ MENTAL HEALTH 2023; 26:e300675. [PMID: 37024144 PMCID: PMC10083787 DOI: 10.1136/bmjment-2023-300675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cut-offs on self-report depression screening tools are designed to identify many more people than those who meet criteria for major depressive disorder. In a recent analysis of the European Health Interview Survey (EHIS), the percentage of participants with Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8) scores ≥10 was reported as major depression prevalence. OBJECTIVE We used a Bayesian framework to re-analyse EHIS PHQ-8 data, accounting for the imperfect diagnostic accuracy of the PHQ-8. METHODS The EHIS is a cross-sectional, population-based survey in 27 countries across Europe with 258 888 participants from the general population. We incorporated evidence from a comprehensive individual participant data meta-analysis on the accuracy of the PHQ-8 cut-off of ≥10. We evaluated the joint posterior distribution to estimate the major depression prevalence, prevalence differences between countries and compared with previous EHIS results. FINDINGS Overall, major depression prevalence was 2.1% (95% credible interval (CrI) 1.0% to 3.8%). Mean posterior prevalence estimates ranged from 0.6% (0.0% to 1.9%) in the Czech Republic to 4.2% (0.2% to 11.3%) in Iceland. Accounting for the imperfect diagnostic accuracy resulted in insufficient power to establish prevalence differences. 76.4% (38.0% to 96.0%) of observed positive tests were estimated to be false positives. Prevalence was lower than the 6.4% (95% CI 6.2% to 6.5%) estimated previously. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence estimation needs to account for imperfect diagnostic accuracy. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Major depression prevalence in European countries is likely lower than previously reported on the basis of the EHIS survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Fischer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dario Zocholl
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Geraldine Rauch
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brooke Levis
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Quèbec, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Quèbec, Canada
| | - Andrea Benedetti
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Quèbec, Canada
- Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Brett Thombs
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Quèbec, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Quèbec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Biomedical Ethics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Matthias Rose
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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23
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Bandelow B, Allgulander C, Baldwin DS, Costa DLDC, Denys D, Dilbaz N, Domschke K, Eriksson E, Fineberg NA, Hättenschwiler J, Hollander E, Kaiya H, Karavaeva T, Kasper S, Katzman M, Kim YK, Inoue T, Lim L, Masdrakis V, Menchón JM, Miguel EC, Möller HJ, Nardi AE, Pallanti S, Perna G, Rujescu D, Starcevic V, Stein DJ, Tsai SJ, Van Ameringen M, Vasileva A, Wang Z, Zohar J. World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders - Version 3. Part I: Anxiety disorders. World J Biol Psychiatry 2023; 24:79-117. [PMID: 35900161 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2022.2086295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM This is the third version of the guideline of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) Task Force for the Pharmacological Treatment of Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive and Posttraumatic Stress Disorders (published in 2002, revised in 2008). METHOD A consensus panel of 33 international experts representing 22 countries developed recommendations based on efficacy and acceptability of available treatments. In total, 1007 RCTs for the treatment of these disorders in adults, adolescents, and children with medications, psychotherapy and other non-pharmacological interventions were evaluated, applying the same rigorous methods that are standard for the assessment of medications. RESULT This paper, Part I, contains recommendations for the treatment of panic disorder/agoraphobia (PDA), generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety disorder (SAD), specific phobias, mixed anxiety disorders in children and adolescents, separation anxiety and selective mutism. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are first-line medications. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is the first-line psychotherapy for anxiety disorders. The expert panel also made recommendations for patients not responding to standard treatments and recommendations against interventions with insufficient evidence. CONCLUSION It is the goal of this initiative to provide treatment guidance for these disorders that has validity throughout the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borwin Bandelow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - David S Baldwin
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Lucas da Conceição Costa
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Damiaan Denys
- Afdeling Psychiatrie, Universitair Medische Centra, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nesrin Dilbaz
- Psikiyatri Uzmanı, Üsküdar Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri ABD, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elias Eriksson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Naomi A Fineberg
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Hisanobu Kaiya
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto Prefactual Medical College, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatiana Karavaeva
- V. M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Ministry of Health, Federal State Budgetary Institution of Higher Education, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Clinical Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Katzman
- S.T.A.R.T. Clinic, Toronto, Canada.,Adler Graduate Professional School, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada
| | - Yong-Ku Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Takeshi Inoue
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Leslie Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, Singapore General Hospital, Bukit Merah, Singapore
| | - Vasilios Masdrakis
- First Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - José M Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Cibersam, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Euripedes C Miguel
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hans-Jürgen Möller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of München, Munich, Germany
| | - Antonio E Nardi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Stefano Pallanti
- Istituto die Neuroscienze, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Perna
- Department of Biological Sciences, Humanitas University Pieve Emanuele, Milano, Italy
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Clinical Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vladan Starcevic
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, Nepean Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dan J Stein
- SA MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael Van Ameringen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Anna Vasileva
- V. M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Ministry of Health, I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Zhen Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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24
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Song M, Rubin BS, Ha JW, Ware RS, Doan TN, Harley D. Use of psychotropic medications in adults with intellectual disability: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2023; 57:661-674. [PMID: 36700564 DOI: 10.1177/00048674221149864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study presents the proportion of adults with intellectual disability using psychotropic medications including antipsychotics, antidepressants, anxiolytics, hypnotics and sedatives, and psychostimulants. METHODS A search was performed in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus up to 31 December 2021. Articles were included if they reported the proportion of adults with intellectual disability using psychotropic medications. Frequency of use was estimated using a random effects meta-analysis. Meta-regression analysis was used to assess the association between study-level characteristics and variability in estimates, when heterogeneity was considerable. RESULTS Twenty-four articles were included in pooled analysis. The pooled prevalence of psychotropic medications was 41% (95% confidence interval: 35-46%). Pooled prevalences of subclasses were as follows: antipsychotics 31% (27-35%), antidepressants 14% (9-19%), anxiolytics 9% (4-15%), hypnotics/sedatives 5% (2-8%), and psychostimulants 1% (1-2%). Heterogeneity was considerable between studies, except for psychostimulants. There was no significant association between assessed characteristics and variability in prevalence estimates. CONCLUSION Two-fifths of adults with intellectual disability were prescribed psychotropic medications. Antipsychotics and antidepressants were used by one-third and one-seventh of adults, respectively. There was considerable variability between studies, and further investigation is required to determine the source of variability. More studies are needed to better characterise prescribed psychotropic medications, including effectiveness and adverse effects, to ensure appropriate use of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghuan Song
- Queensland Centre for Intellectual and Developmental Disability (QCIDD), Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland (MRI-UQ), Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Bryn S Rubin
- Ochsner Clinical School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Justin Wt Ha
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Robert S Ware
- Queensland Centre for Intellectual and Developmental Disability (QCIDD), Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland (MRI-UQ), Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Tan N Doan
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Harley
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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25
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Silvestri C, Carpita B, Cassioli E, Lazzeretti M, Rossi E, Messina V, Castellini G, Ricca V, Dell’Osso L, Bolognesi S, Fagiolini A, Voller F. Prevalence study of mental disorders in an Italian region. Preliminary report. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:12. [PMID: 36600226 PMCID: PMC9812746 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04401-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental disorders are a major public health problem. However, over the last few years, there have been few studies aimed at evaluating their diffusion. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating: the prevalence of the most frequent psychiatric disorders in the general population residing in Tuscany using a clinical scale administered by trainee in psychiatry. METHODS The study was carried out on a representative sample of the general population aged > 18 years, randomly extracted from the register of patients in the Tuscany region, adopting a proportional sampling method stratified by gender, age group and Local Health Units (LHU). Each person was contacted by letter followed by a phone call from an operator who makes an appointment with the trainee in psychiatry. The diagnostic interview conducted was the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Point and lifetime prevalence by gender and age group were calculated. Differences and associations were considered statistically significant if their p-values were less than 0.05. RESULTS Of the 408 people involved, 390 people were enrolled (of which 52.6% female). The 28.5% of the sample had been affected by a psychiatric disorder during their lifetime. In their lifetime, the most represented psychiatric disorders were major depressive episode (20.4%), major depressive disorder (17.0%) and panic disorder (10.3%), more frequent in the female than the male group. Current conditions were predominantly major depressive episode (3.1%) and agoraphobia (2.8%). A 5.9% rate of current suicidal ideation was also found. CONCLUSIONS In the general population, 28.5% of people reported a psychiatric disorder during their lifetime. This prevalence is considerably higher than that reported in a previous study carried out in central Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Silvestri
- Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, Epidemiology Observatory, 50100, Florence, Italy.
| | - Barbara Carpita
- grid.5395.a0000 0004 1757 3729Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Emanuele Cassioli
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Florence University, 50100 Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Lazzeretti
- grid.437566.50000 0004 1756 1330Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, Epidemiology Observatory, 50100 Florence, Italy
| | - Eleonora Rossi
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Florence University, 50100 Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Messina
- grid.437566.50000 0004 1756 1330Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, Epidemiology Observatory, 50100 Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Castellini
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Florence University, 50100 Florence, Italy
| | - Valdo Ricca
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Florence University, 50100 Florence, Italy
| | - Liliana Dell’Osso
- grid.5395.a0000 0004 1757 3729Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Bolognesi
- grid.9024.f0000 0004 1757 4641Department of Molecular and Development Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Fagiolini
- grid.9024.f0000 0004 1757 4641Department of Molecular and Development Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Fabio Voller
- grid.437566.50000 0004 1756 1330Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, Epidemiology Observatory, 50100 Florence, Italy
| | - Mental Disorders Study group
- grid.437566.50000 0004 1756 1330Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, Epidemiology Observatory, 50100 Florence, Italy ,grid.5395.a0000 0004 1757 3729Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy ,grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Florence University, 50100 Florence, Italy ,grid.9024.f0000 0004 1757 4641Department of Molecular and Development Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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26
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Hoertel N, Sánchez-Rico M, de la Muela P, Abellán M, Blanco C, Leboyer M, Cougoule C, Gulbins E, Kornhuber J, Carpinteiro A, Becker KA, Vernet R, Beeker N, Neuraz A, Alvarado JM, Herrera-Morueco JJ, Airagnes G, Lemogne C, Limosin F. Risk of Death in Individuals Hospitalized for COVID-19 With and Without Psychiatric Disorders: An Observational Multicenter Study in France. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 3:56-67. [PMID: 35013734 PMCID: PMC8730644 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prior research suggests that psychiatric disorders could be linked to increased mortality among patients with COVID-19. However, whether all or specific psychiatric disorders are intrinsic risk factors of death in COVID-19 or whether these associations reflect the greater prevalence of medical risk factors in people with psychiatric disorders has yet to be evaluated. Methods We performed an observational, multicenter, retrospective cohort study to examine the association between psychiatric disorders and mortality among patients hospitalized for laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 at 36 Greater Paris University hospitals. Results Of 15,168 adult patients, 857 (5.7%) had an ICD-10 diagnosis of psychiatric disorder. Over a mean follow-up period of 14.6 days (SD = 17.9), 326 of 857 (38.0%) patients with a diagnosis of psychiatric disorder died compared with 1276 of 14,311 (8.9%) patients without such a diagnosis (odds ratio 6.27, 95% CI 5.40-7.28, p < .01). When adjusting for age, sex, hospital, current smoking status, and medications according to compassionate use or as part of a clinical trial, this association remained significant (adjusted odds ratio 3.27, 95% CI 2.78-3.85, p < .01). However, additional adjustments for obesity and number of medical conditions resulted in a nonsignificant association (adjusted odds ratio 1.02, 95% CI 0.84-1.23, p = .86). Exploratory analyses after the same adjustments suggested that a diagnosis of mood disorders was significantly associated with reduced mortality, which might be explained by the use of antidepressants. Conclusions These findings suggest that the increased risk of COVID-19-related mortality in individuals with psychiatric disorders hospitalized for COVID-19 might be explained by the greater number of medical conditions and the higher prevalence of obesity in this population and not by the underlying psychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Hoertel
- Département Médico-Universitaire Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Service de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris Centre, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1266, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marina Sánchez-Rico
- Département Médico-Universitaire Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Service de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris Centre, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
- Department of Psychobiology & Behavioural Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Pedro de la Muela
- Département Médico-Universitaire Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Service de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris Centre, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
- Department of Psychobiology & Behavioural Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Miriam Abellán
- Département Médico-Universitaire Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Service de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris Centre, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Carlos Blanco
- Division of Epidemiology, Services and Prevention Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marion Leboyer
- INSERM U955, Neuro-Psychiatrie Translationnelle, Université Paris-Est, Paris, France
- Département Médico-Universitaire IMPACT, Département Médical Universitaire de Psychiatrie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Céline Cougoule
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medicine Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Carpinteiro
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medicine Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Katrin Anne Becker
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medicine Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Raphaël Vernet
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biostatistics and Public Health Department, L'Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris Centre-Université de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Nathanaël Beeker
- Unité de Recherche clinique, L'Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Neuraz
- INSERM UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Medical Informatics, L'Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jesús M. Alvarado
- Department of Psychobiology & Behavioural Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Juan José Herrera-Morueco
- Département Médico-Universitaire Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Service de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris Centre, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
- Department of Psychobiology & Behavioural Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Guillaume Airagnes
- Département Médico-Universitaire Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Service de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris Centre, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Cédric Lemogne
- Département Médico-Universitaire Psychiatrie et Addictologie, L'Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Université de Paris, Service de Psychiatrie de l’adulte, INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Limosin
- Département Médico-Universitaire Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Service de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris Centre, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
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Fries J, Baudson TG, Kovacs K, Pietschnig J. Bright, but allergic and neurotic? A critical investigation of the "overexcitable genius" hypothesis. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1051910. [PMID: 36619122 PMCID: PMC9817003 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1051910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Higher intelligence has been associated with improved health and longevity. However, recent findings have claimed that exceptional intelligence may come at a cost. Individuals at the upmost end of the intelligence distribution are reported to be disproportionately afflicted by a set of stress-related physical and mental health conditions: so-called overexcitabilities. Few accounts have investigated this issue and no studies are available for non-US samples yet. Here, we aimed to replicate and extend previous work by examining hitherto unaddressed overexcitabilities in a European high-IQ sample. Methods We carried out a preregistered survey among members of MENSA, the world's largest high-IQ society. In total, 615 (307 male) members from Austria, Germany, Hungary, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom participated. Results and Discussion Compared to the general population, our sample exhibited considerably elevated prevalences in autism spectrum disorders (risk ratio/RR = 2.25), chronic fatigue syndrome (RR = 5.69), depression (RR = 4.38), generalized anxiety (RR = 3.82), and irritable bowel syndrome (RR = 3.76). Contrary to previous accounts, neither asthma, allergies, nor autoimmune diseases were elevated. We show that this subsample of intellectually gifted persons faces specific health challenges compared to the general population. The reasons for this remain speculative, as we find little evidence for previously proposed immunological explanations. However, it is possible that the effects are caused by sample selectiveness (i.e., membership in a high-IQ society) rather than high IQ itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Fries
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,*Correspondence: Jonathan Fries,
| | - Tanja Gabriele Baudson
- Department of Human Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Vinzenz Pallotti University, Vallendar, Germany,Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (IGDORE), Vallendar, Germany,Department of Science and Research, Mensa in Germany, Cham, Germany
| | - Kristof Kovacs
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eotvos Lorand University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jakob Pietschnig
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Yastrebov G, Maskileyson D. The effect of COVID-19 confinement and economic support measures on the mental health of older population in Europe and Israel. Soc Sci Med 2022; 314:115445. [PMID: 36272386 PMCID: PMC9561402 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on the impact of confinement and economic support measures on the mental health of the older population (aged 50 and above) across twenty-five European countries and Israel. While studies evaluating the effect of confinement measures on mental health exist, they largely ignore the potentially offsetting effects of economic support measures. Moreover, previous findings on the effect of confinement measures are inconsistent, and many studies are based solely on cross-sectional designs. Using data from the Corona Survey wave (2020) of the Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), we leverage the date of interview information to vary individual exposure to different policy contexts within countries. Overall, we do not find support for the negative effect of confinement measures on older adults' mental health. If anything, both confinement and support measures worked in tandem to soothe mental distress, resulting from the pandemic. The confinement effects, however, are contingent on age, potentially indicating that younger people are more likely to be negatively affected by lockdowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordey Yastrebov
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Management, Economics and Social Sciences, The Institute of Sociology and Social Psychology, Albertus-Magnus-Platz, 50923 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Dina Maskileyson
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Management, Economics and Social Sciences, The Institute of Sociology and Social Psychology, Albertus-Magnus-Platz, 50923 Cologne, Germany.
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When perfectionists adopt health behaviors: perfectionism and self-efficacy as determinants of health behavior, anxiety and depression. CURRENT ISSUES IN PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.5114/cipp/156145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe study aims to show interrelations between self-efficacy, perfectionism (adaptive and maladaptive), health behavior, and mental health outcomes such as anxiety and depression as an exponent in maintaining optimal health. In the analyses, we focused on one category of health behaviors – preventive practices.Participants and procedureOf the gathered data, 295 complete datasets were analyzed (age: M = 28.16, SD = 9.41; 72.8% participants female). We pro-posed two path models with personality traits (as exogenous variables) and health behaviors (as endogenous variables) in predicting depression and anxiety.ResultsMultiple regression analysis revealed that maladaptive perfectionism and generalized self-efficacy significantly predicted health behaviors in general and mental health outcomes whereas adaptive perfectionism and generalized self-efficacy were significant predictors of preventive practices. The path analyses showed that generalized self-efficacy and perfectionism are related directly to mental health outcomes as well as indirectly, through health behaviors. Interestingly, we found a negative indirect effect of an interaction between generalized self-efficacy and preventive practices as well as of an interac-tion between adaptive perfectionism and preventive practices on mental health outcomes. The model fitted well with the data.ConclusionsThe findings show that a balanced and more holistic approach to maintaining health is beneficial for people high in self-efficacy in comparison with high focus on disease prevention. Additionally, the results demonstrate that adaptive perfec-tionists and people high in self-efficacy may also be prone to anxiety and depression (not just maladaptive perfectionists) when their health focus is too narrow.
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Brik M, Sandonis M, Horrillo Murillo ER, Monfort Ortiz R, Arteaga Fernandez A, de Arriba M, Fernández S, Iglesias Román N, Parramon-Puig G, Suy A, Dip ME, Perales Marin A, Maiz N, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Carreras E. Social Support and Mental Health in the Postpartum Period in Times of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: Spanish Multicentre Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15445. [PMID: 36497529 PMCID: PMC9740657 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the depression and anxiety symptoms in the postpartum period during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and to identify potential risk factors. METHODS A multicentre observational cohort study including 536 women was performed at three hospitals in Spain. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Scale, the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS), and the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) were assessed after birth. Depression (EPDS) and anxiety (STAI) symptoms were measured, and the cut-off scores were set at 10 and 13 for EPDS, and at 40 for STAI. RESULTS Regarding EPDS, 32.3% (95% CI, 28% to 36.5%) of women had a score ≥ 10, and 17.3% (95% CI, 13.9% to 20.7%) had a score ≥ 13. Women with an STAI score ≥ 40 accounted for 46.8% (95% CI, 42.3% to 51.2%). A lower level of social support (MOS-SSS), a fetal malformation diagnosis and a history of depression (p = 0.000, p = 0.019 and p = 0.043) were independent risk factors for postpartum depression. A lower level of social support and a history of mental health disorders (p = 0.000, p = 0.003) were independent risk factors for postpartum anxiety. CONCLUSION During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, an increase in symptoms of anxiety and depression were observed during the postpartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia Brik
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Sandonis
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Maria de Arriba
- Obstetrics Department, Hospital Universitario La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara Fernández
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Iglesias Román
- Obstetrics Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Parramon-Puig
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Suy
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Emilia Dip
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Nerea Maiz
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Carreras
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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Lespine LF, Bramness JG, Pignon B, Vaiva G, Thomas P, Roelandt JL, Benradia I, Amad A, Geoffroy PA, Rolland B. Gender-related associations between psychiatric disorders and alcohol use disorder: Findings from the french "Mental health in the general population" survey. Arch Womens Ment Health 2022; 25:895-902. [PMID: 36083520 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-022-01253-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Women with alcohol use disorder (AUD) might be particularly vulnerable to psychiatric comorbidities. However, population surveys have yielded disparate findings. We used data from the French Mental Health in the General Population survey to investigate gender-related risks of psychiatric comorbidities associated with AUD. A cross-sectional survey based on face-to-face interviews, including the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, was conducted among 38,717 subjects. Logistic regression models were used to assess risks of psychiatric comorbidities associated with AUD. After adjustment for socio-demographics and other psychiatric disorders, both women and men with AUD were at higher risk of comorbid depressive disorder (odds ratio [OR] = 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.0-3.4 in women, and OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.7-2.4 in men), bipolar I disorder (2.5; 1.4-4.4 in women vs. 2.6; 1.9-3.4 in men), and psychotic disorder (1.6; 1.01-2.5 in women vs. 1.8; 1.4-2.3 in men). Women with AUD exhibited an increased risk of comorbid panic disorder (OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1-2.2) while the increased risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was significant in men only (OR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.6-4.2). The increased risk of comorbid substance use disorder (SUD) was more elevated in women, compared to men (12.9; 8.1-18.1 vs. 4.8; 4.0-5.8 in men). Most of psychiatric conditions were over-represented in both women and men with AUD, relative to controls. Gender-specific findings were that women with AUD had an increased risk of comorbid SUD or panic disorder, while men had a significantly higher risk of comorbid PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Ferdinand Lespine
- Service Universitaire d'Addictologie de Lyon (SUAL), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, 95 Bd Pinel, 69500, Bron, France.
- UCBL1, INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, CRNL, PSYR2, Lyon, France.
| | - Jørgen G Bramness
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit On Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
- Department of Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Baptiste Pignon
- DMU IMPACT, Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor», Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Guillaume Vaiva
- Lille Neuroscience & Cognition (LilNCog), Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Thomas
- Centre National de Ressources & Résilience Pour Les Psychotraumatismes (Cn2r Lille Paris), 59000, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Luc Roelandt
- Centre Collaborateur de L'Organisation Mondiale de La Santé Pour La Recherche Et La Formation en Santé Mentale, EPSM Lille Métropole, 211 rue Roger Salengro, 59 260, Hellemmes, France
- ECEVE, UMRS 1123, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Imane Benradia
- Centre Collaborateur de L'Organisation Mondiale de La Santé Pour La Recherche Et La Formation en Santé Mentale, EPSM Lille Métropole, 211 rue Roger Salengro, 59 260, Hellemmes, France
- ECEVE, UMRS 1123, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Ali Amad
- Centre National de Ressources & Résilience Pour Les Psychotraumatismes (Cn2r Lille Paris), 59000, Lille, France
| | - Pierre-Alexis Geoffroy
- Service de Psychiatrie Et dAddictologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Universitaire Bichat, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Inserm, 75019, NeuroDiderot, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Rolland
- Service Universitaire d'Addictologie de Lyon (SUAL), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, 95 Bd Pinel, 69500, Bron, France
- UCBL1, INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, CRNL, PSYR2, Lyon, France
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Osman N, Michel C, Schimmelmann BG, Schilbach L, Meisenzahl E, Schultze-Lutter F. Influence of mental health literacy on help-seeking behaviour for mental health problems in the Swiss young adult community: a cohort and longitudinal case-control study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 273:649-662. [PMID: 36088495 PMCID: PMC10085901 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01483-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Poor knowledge about mental health disorders and their treatment likely contributes to the large treatment gap reported for mental health problems. Therefore, we studied the association between mental health literacy (MHL) and active help-seeking in a community sample. Participants were recruited from an add-on questionnaire study to the 'Bern Epidemiological At-Risk' (BEAR) study on 16-40-year-old community subjects of the Swiss canton Bern. At baseline, data of N = 1504, and at 3-year follow-up, data of N = 535 were available. Based on an unlabelled case vignette (on depression or schizophrenia), MHL was assessed by the questionnaire of Angermeyer and colleagues. Cross-sectional and longitudinal baseline predictors of help-seeking were analysed using path analyses. Additionally, sensitivity analyses of the prospective model were computed for sex, vignette, and baseline mental health problems/disorders. Cross-sectionally, help-seeking was associated with non-endorsement of biogenetic causal explanations, presence of mental health problems/disorders, help-seeking before baseline, poorer functioning, and lower health satisfaction. The prospective model was similar; yet, help-seeking at follow-up was associated with endorsements of the causal explanation 'biogenetics' and, additionally, 'childhood trauma' but not the presence of baseline mental health problems/disorders. Sensitivity analyses revealed a significant impact on sex, vignette, and mental health problems/disorders. For example, actual functional problems were predictive in males, while health satisfaction was predictive in females. Our findings indicate that future studies on drivers of help-seeking should assess very large community samples with case vignettes on different mental disorders to examine appropriate subgroups and their likely interaction to address group-specific factors in awareness campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Osman
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy/LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Bergische Landstraße 2, 40629, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - C Michel
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - B G Schimmelmann
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - L Schilbach
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy/LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Bergische Landstraße 2, 40629, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - E Meisenzahl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy/LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Bergische Landstraße 2, 40629, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - F Schultze-Lutter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy/LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Bergische Landstraße 2, 40629, Düsseldorf, Germany.,University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Fichera M, Castaldo A, Mongelli A, Marchini G, Gellera C, Nanetti L, Mariotti C. Comorbidities in Friedreich ataxia: incidence and manifestations from early to advanced disease stages. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:6831-6838. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06360-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Arunpongpaisal S, Assanagkornchai S, Chongsuvivatwong V, Jampathong N. Time-series analysis of trends in the incidence rates of successful and attempted suicides in Thailand in 2013-2019 and their predictors. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:579. [PMID: 36045332 PMCID: PMC9434907 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide rates are of increasing concern worldwide. There are approximately 4000-5000 deaths by suicide each year in Thailand. This study examined trends in annual incidence rates and predictors of successful and attempted suicides in Thailand (2013-2019). METHODS Secondary data analysis was conducted on data from two national-level databases: The National Health Security Office and the National Death Certification Registry System. Time-related trends and predictors of successful and attempted suicides were calculated using joinpoint regression and multivariable logistic regression analyses, respectively. RESULTS Of all successful suicide cases from 2013 to 2019, about 80% involved men, with an average age of 45.37 (± 16.43) years. Predictors of successful suicide included male sex, older age, using highly lethal methods, and no prior psychiatric treatment. Among individuals admitted to hospitals following a suicide attempt from 2013- to 2019, the average age at first admission was 38.83 ± 22.47 years, with women more heavily represented than men. Only 2.3% of these patients received psychiatric treatment in the hospital. Predictors of attempted suicide included female sex; adolescent or adult; and mental, alcohol, or substance-related disorder(s). Age-standardized annual rates per 100,000 people showed that, through 2019, suicide incidence increased slightly, and attempts decreased. CONCLUSIONS There was a significantly increasing trend in successful suicide during the 7 years; the increase was more notable among men. The study highlights sex-related gaps in public health owing to an identified higher incidence of suicide among men, and a higher incidence of suicide attempts in women adolescents, emphasizing the need to consider sex-sensitive issues in individual as well as societal contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwanna Arunpongpaisal
- Epidemiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Karnjanavanich Rd., Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
| | - Sawitri Assanagkornchai
- Epidemiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Karnjanavanich Rd., Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong
- Epidemiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Karnjanavanich Rd., Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
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Anxiety Screening among the General Population of Latvia and Associated Factors. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58091163. [PMID: 36143841 PMCID: PMC9505088 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58091163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the point prevalence of at least mild anxiety symptoms and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder in the Latvian general population, and to analyze the associated factors. Materials and Methods: A computer-assisted face-to-face survey was conducted in 2019−2020 with a multistage stratified probability sample of the Latvian general adult population (n = 2687). Anxiety was assessed using the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale; a score of ≥5 was defined as indicating the presence of mild symptoms of anxiety, and a score of ≥10 as the cutoff for identifying cases of generalized anxiety disorder. The Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) and MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) modules were used for assessing comorbid conditions. Multinomial logistic regression was conducted. Results: The point prevalence of mild anxiety symptoms was 10.9%. The point prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder symptoms was 3.9%. Higher odds of mild anxiety symptoms were detected in respondents of a young age (vs. 65 y.o. and older, aOR 3.1, p < 0.001), unmarried respondents (vs. married/cohabiting, aOR 1.5, p = 0.02), those living in the capital city (aOR 1.6, p = 0.008) or rural areas (aOR 1.5, p = 0.03) (vs. other towns), respondents with poor self-rated health (vs. good, aOR 2.6, p < 0.001), and diagnosed alcohol use disorder (aOR 1.9, p < 0.001), suicidal behavior (aOR 2.4, p < 0.001), and symptoms of depression (aOR 6.4, p < 0.001) (vs. no such conditions). As for symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, female sex (vs. males, aOR 2.5, p = 0.003), age below 44 years (vs. 65+, aOR 6.2, p = 0.002), average self-rated health (vs. good, aOR 2.6, p = 0.005), and poor self-rated health (vs. good, aOR 5.3, p < 0.001), together with comorbid suicidal behavior (aOR 6.1, p < 0.001) and symptoms of depression (aOR 43.4, p < 0.001) (vs. no such conditions), increased the odds. Conclusions: Young age, poor self-rated health, and comorbid symptoms of depression and suicidal behavior were significant factors associated with symptoms of both mild anxiety and generalized anxiety disorder. Being unmarried, living in the capital city or rural areas, and alcohol use disorder were associated with mild anxiety symptoms alone. Female sex was associated with generalized anxiety disorder symptoms alone.
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Cumpanasoiu C, Enrique A, Palacios J, Duffy D, McNamara S, Richards D. Trajectories of symptoms in digital interventions for depression and anxiety using Routine Outcome Monitoring data: A secondary analysis study (Preprint). JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2022. [PMID: 37436812 PMCID: PMC10372559 DOI: 10.2196/41815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests there is heterogeneity in treatment response for internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) users, but few studies have investigated the trajectory of individual symptom change across iCBT treatment. Large patient data sets using routine outcome measures allows the investigation of treatment effects over time as well as the relationship between outcomes and platform use. Understanding trajectories of symptom change, as well as associated characteristics, may prove important for tailoring interventions or identifying patients who may not benefit from the intervention. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify latent trajectories of symptom change during the iCBT treatment course for depression and anxiety and to investigate the patients' characteristics and platform use for each of these classes. METHODS This is a secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial designed to examine the effectiveness of guided iCBT for anxiety and depression in the UK Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) program. This study included patients from the intervention group (N=256) and followed a longitudinal retrospective design. As part of the IAPT's routine outcome monitoring system, patients were prompted to complete the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) after each supporter review during the treatment period. Latent class growth analysis was used to identify the underlying trajectories of symptom change across the treatment period for both depression and anxiety. Differences in patient characteristics were then evaluated between these trajectory classes, and the presence of a time-varying relationship between platform use and trajectory classes was investigated. RESULTS Five-class models were identified as optimal for both PHQ-9 and GAD-7. Around two-thirds (PHQ-9: 155/221, 70.1%; GAD-7: 156/221, 70.6%) of the sample formed various trajectories of improvement classes that differed in baseline score, the pace of symptom change, and final clinical outcome score. The remaining patients were in 2 smaller groups: one that saw minimal to no gains and another with consistently high scores across the treatment journey. Baseline severity, medication status, and program assigned were significantly associated (P<.001) with different trajectories. Although we did not find a time-varying relationship between use and trajectory classes, we found an overall effect of time on platform use, suggesting that all participants used the intervention significantly more in the first 4 weeks (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Most patients benefit from treatment, and the various patterns of improvement have implications for how the iCBT intervention is delivered. Identifying predictors of nonresponse or early response might inform the level of support and monitoring required for different types of patients. Further work is necessary to explore the differences between these trajectories to understand what works best for whom and to identify early on those patients who are less likely to benefit from treatment.
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Peña-Salazar C, Alfonso-Ramos M, Arroyo-Uriarte P, Serrano-Blanco A, Aznar-Lou I. Is epilepsy related to psychiatric disorders in people with intellectual disability? A systematic review. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2022:17446295221116506. [PMID: 35925864 DOI: 10.1177/17446295221116506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in people with Intellectual Disability (ID) is statistically higher than in the general population. There is a lack of consensus on the role that epilepsy plays in psychiatric disorders in people with ID. We carried out a systematic review of articles published between 1960 and 2022, focusing on high-quality, case-control original research studies that only included adult populations. The primary outcome was the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in people with intellectual disability with and without epilepsy. Six articles were finally included. Results were varied; some reported a statistical increase, whereas others did not find any statistical difference. Due to the current controversy on the role of epilepsy in psychiatric disorders in people with ID and the small number of publications on the topic, we cannot affirm a relationship between epilepsy and psychiatric disorders in people with ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Peña-Salazar
- Mental Health and Intellectual disability services, 221703Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Neurology Department, 221703Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, 221703Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health Network (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miqueu Alfonso-Ramos
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, 221703Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Arroyo-Uriarte
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, 221703Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, 221703Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Serrano-Blanco
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, 221703Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health Network (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Aznar-Lou
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, 221703Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health Network (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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Zhang S, Zhu K, Wang S, Jin X, Li Y, Ding K, Zhang Q, Li X. A cross-sectional study about coronavirus fear of Chinese college students in school lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09892. [PMID: 35821965 PMCID: PMC9263676 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To remove the phobic psychological situation of Chinese college students who were in school lockdowns during the COVID-19 outbreak, and to provide a theoretical basis for college student psychological intervention. Methods Online survey conducted from December 9, 2021, to December 11, 2021. The seven-item Fcv-19s was employed to assess fear of COVID-19 on a Likert five-point scale. Categorical data were reported as number and percentage, whereas continuous data were reported as mean ± standard deviation. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the association between different factors and anxiety symptoms. Results The study population consisted of 26.02% (268) male and 73.98% (762) female, of whom approximately 84% were undergraduates. The overall mean score of the questionnaire was 16.04 ± 5.28. Significantly more study populations reported high levels of fear (54.8%), while age, cost of life, professional category, education background (P < 0.05) revealed significant differences based on fear levels. Conclusions More than half of the Chinese college students developed fear symptoms during the COVID-19 epidemic. Appropriate psychological interventions for college students should be implemented promptly to reduce the psychological harm induced by the COVID-19 epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Zhang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Kun Zhu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Shuting Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Xin Jin
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Yaqi Li
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Kaixi Ding
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Qinxiu Zhang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China.,School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre (WHOCC), CHN-56, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinrong Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
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Kang YW, Sun TH, Kim GY, Jung HY, Kim HJ, Lee S, Park YR, Tu J, Lee JH, Choi KY, Cho CH. Design and Methods of a Prospective Smartphone App-Based Study for Digital Phenotyping of Mood and Anxiety Symptoms Mixed With Centralized and Decentralized Research Form: The Search Your Mind (S.Y.M., ) Project. Psychiatry Investig 2022; 19:588-594. [PMID: 35903061 PMCID: PMC9334802 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2022.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the Search Your Mind (S.Y.M., ) project aimed to collect prospective digital phenotypic data centered on mood and anxiety symptoms across psychiatric disorders through a smartphone application (app) platform while using both centralized and decentralized research designs: the centralized research design is a hybrid of a general prospective observational study and a digital platform-based study, and it includes face-to-face research such as informed written consent, clinical evaluation, and blood sampling. It also includes digital phenotypic assessment through an application-based platform using wearable devices. Meanwhile, the decentralized research design is a non-face-to-face study in which anonymous participants agree to electronic informed consent forms on the app. It also exclusively uses an application-based platform to acquire individualized digital phenotypic data. We expect to collect clinical, biological, and digital phenotypic data centered on mood and anxiety symptoms, and we propose a possible model of centralized and decentralized research design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Won Kang
- Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Hui Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Yeong Kim
- Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Jung
- Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulki Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Rang Park
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaiden Tu
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jae-Hon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kwang-Yeon Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Hyun Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, Republic of Korea
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Ganji KK, Alam MK, Siddiqui AA, Munisekhar MS, Alduraywish A. COVID-19 and stress: An evaluation using Beck's depression and anxiety inventory among college students and faculty members of Jouf University. Work 2022; 72:399-407. [PMID: 35527603 DOI: 10.3233/wor-210346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals might suffer emotional, psychological, and even bodily challenges as a result of any pandemic. The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on Saudi Arabian University students and faculty members has received little attention. OBJECTIVE To assess stress during the COVID-19 pandemic among university college students and faculty members of Jouf University, KSA and evaluate the impact of socio- demographic factors on anxiety and depression levels. METHODS Two hundred and seventeen participants from Jouf University completed an anonymous web-based survey that includes questionnaires about anxiety and depression symptoms. Beck's anxiety inventory (BAI) was used to assess the anxiety levels, and Beck's depression inventory (BDI) was used to determine the depression levels due to COVID 19 pandemic. The research was carried out between April 1, 2020, and June 30, 2020. An ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed to explain the odds of observing anxiety and depression. RESULTS For "moderate anxiety" (22-35), the most frequently observed category of age, nationality, gender, duration spent in lockdown and profession was 20-30 years (n = 15, 65%), Saudis (n = 14, 61%), female (n = 15, 65%),>3 months (n = 17, 74%), and students (n = 15, 65%) respectively. For "moderate depression" (21-30), the most frequently observed category of age, nationality, gender, duration spent in lockdown and profession was 20-30 years (n = 10, 50%), Saudi (n = 15, 65%), female (n = 26, 65%).>3 months (n = 13, 65%), and both students and faculty members, each with an observed frequency of 10 (50%) respectively. Ordinal logistic regression analysis suggested that the observed effects of nationality, gender, and duration spent in lockdown period influenced the anxiety levels among participants. CONCLUSIONS The impact of the lockdown duration was more significant in students than in faculty members and females than in males. Authors recommend the critical need for intervention and prevention strategies to address college students' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kumar Ganji
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Skaka, Aljouf, KSA
| | - Mohammad Khursheed Alam
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Skaka, Aljouf, KSA.,Center for Transdisciplinary Research (CFTR), Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil lnternational University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ammar A Siddiqui
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia, KSA
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Ghazali SR, Chen YY, Mohamad M, Yein LP, Razali ZA, Pauzi N, Majani AF. Lifetime trauma, symptoms of psychological disturbance, and suicidal ideation among university students in Malaysia. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03297-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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42
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Dreßing HR, Foerster K. [Diagnostic Criteria of PTSD in ICD10, ICD-11 and DSM 5: Relevance for expert opinion]. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2022; 72:258-271. [PMID: 35679854 DOI: 10.1055/a-1770-3972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The diagnostic criteria of PTSD differ in the ICD-10, ICD-11 and DSM-5 manuals. The main diagnostic criteria are presented. The psychopathological findings obtained in a structured interview are essential for the diagnosis. Three case studies are used to illustrate the expert assessment in criminal law, accident insurance and victim compensation law.
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Tan GHC, Hong DZ, Lim ICZY, Toh YP, Loh VWK, Lien V. Mindful Caring: A pilot study of an online mindfulness workshop for medical students to improve self-compassion. MEDEDPUBLISH 2022. [DOI: 10.12688/mep.19021.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study examines the effectiveness of a pilot Mindful Caring workshop in improving self-compassion, mindfulness, and empathy, while reducing stress. Methods: Year 3 and 4 medical students from the National University of Singapore underwent 16 hours of online workshops over 4 days with didactic and experiential learning activities on self-compassion and mindfulness. Primary outcomes of self-compassion were measured with the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). Secondary outcomes include mindfulness measured with the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire-15 (FFMQ-15), empathy and stress levels. Qualitative comments were also sought in the feedback. Results: Out of 21 participants, 90.5% (n =19) completed both pre- and post-intervention questionnaires. Participants experienced significant mean improvements in self-compassion (p<0.05) and mindfulness (p<0.05), while improvements in empathy and stress levels did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: A short online Mindful Caring workshop could be an avenue to improve self-compassion and mindfulness, which may have a downstream effect on burnout.
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Tan GHC, Hong DZ, Lim ICZY, Toh YP, Loh VWK, Lien V. Mindful Caring: A pilot study of an online mindfulness workshop for medical students to improve self-compassion. MEDEDPUBLISH 2022. [DOI: 10.12688/mep.19021.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study examines the effectiveness of a pilot Mindful Caring workshop in improving self-compassion, mindfulness, and empathy, while reducing stress. Methods: Clinical-year medical students from the National University of Singapore underwent 16 hours of online workshops over 4 days with didactic and experiential teachings on self-compassion and mindfulness. Primary outcomes of self-compassion and mindfulness were measured with the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire-15 (FFMQ-15) respectively. Secondary outcomes measured included empathy and stress levels. Qualitative feedback was also sought. Results: Primary outcomes included improvements in self-compassion and mindfulness. Out of 21 participants, 19 (90.5%) completed both pre- and post-intervention questionnaires. Participants experienced significant mean improvements in self-compassion (p<0.05) and mindfulness (p<0.05), while improvements in empathy and stress levels did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: A short online Mindful Caring workshop could be an avenue to improve self-compassion and mindfulness, which may have a downstream effect on burnout.
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Touchant M, Labonté B. Sex-Specific Brain Transcriptional Signatures in Human MDD and Their Correlates in Mouse Models of Depression. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:845491. [PMID: 35592639 PMCID: PMC9110970 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.845491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is amongst the most devastating psychiatric conditions affecting several millions of people worldwide every year. Despite the importance of this disease and its impact on modern societies, still very little is known about the etiological mechanisms. Treatment strategies have stagnated over the last decades and very little progress has been made to improve the efficiency of current therapeutic approaches. In order to better understand the disease, it is necessary for researchers to use appropriate animal models that reproduce specific aspects of the complex clinical manifestations at the behavioral and molecular levels. Here, we review the current literature describing the use of mouse models to reproduce specific aspects of MDD and anxiety in males and females. We first describe some of the most commonly used mouse models and their capacity to display unique but also shared features relevant to MDD. We then transition toward an integral description, combined with genome-wide transcriptional strategies. The use of these models reveals crucial insights into the molecular programs underlying the expression of stress susceptibility and resilience in a sex-specific fashion. These studies performed on human and mouse tissues establish correlates into the mechanisms mediating the impact of stress and the extent to which different mouse models of chronic stress recapitulate the molecular changes observed in depressed humans. The focus of this review is specifically to highlight the sex differences revealed from different stress paradigms and transcriptional analyses both in human and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Touchant
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Benoit Labonté
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Benoit Labonté
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Geographical Variation in Mental Hospital Discharges in Greece: A Nationwide Study (1999–2012). PSYCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/psych4020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The primary goal of this study is to estimate the pattern of hospital discharges throughout Greece due to mental disorders between 1999 and 2012. Methods: Data for discharges were obtained from the Hellenic Statistical Authority. A sex- and age-adjusted proportional hospitalization ratio (PHR) was used to estimate the ratio between the hospitalizations in each prefecture and the overall hospitalizations. Additionally, age-adjusted admission rates and hospitalization days were calculated for each sex. Descriptive and time series analysis were conducted to understand the epidemiological characteristics and to investigate the trend of annual PHR, respectively. Correlation between disorders and sociodemographic characteristics was also tested. Global and local spatial analysis was conducted to assess the spatial homogeneity of disorders and to detect any clusters of similar values. Results: More males (55%) were hospitalized. Schizophrenic and other psychoses were stated as the primary diagnosis of discharges (54.3%) for mental disorders, contributing to the highest annual mean number of hospitalization-days for male (296.9) and female patients (341.0). Most patients were out of the workforce, and most patients with drug dependence (74.5%) and schizophrenia and other psychoses (55.9%) remained unmarried. Higher PHRs were discovered in the north, while schizophrenic and other psychoses (R = 0.492), affective psychoses (R = 0.534), senile and presenile organic psychotic conditions (R = 0.543) were correlated with alcohol consumption (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The study provides evidence of geographical variation of discharges due to mental disorders and a significant association between disorders and alcohol consumption, marriage status and absence of the workforce.
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Neurodoron® for Stress Impairments: A Prospective, Multicenter Non-Interventional Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2626645. [PMID: 35251205 PMCID: PMC8896925 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2626645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Stress is associated with a multitude of physical and psychological health impairments. To tackle these health disorders, over-the-counter (OTC) products like Neurodoron® are popular since they are considered safe and tolerable. Experience reports and first studies indicate that Neurodoron® is efficient in the treatment of stress-associated health symptoms. To confirm this, a non-interventional study (NIS) with pharmacies was conducted. Methods The NIS was planned to enroll female and male patients who suffered from nervous exhaustion with symptoms caused by acute and/or chronic stress. The main outcome measures were characteristic stress symptoms, stress burden, and perceived stress. Further outcome measures included perceived efficacy and tolerability of the product as assessed by the patients and collection of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). A study duration of about 21 days with a recommended daily dose of 3–4 tablets was set. Results 279 patients were enrolled at 74 German pharmacies. The analyzed set (AS) included 272 patients (mean age 44.8 ± 14.4 years, 73.9% female). 175 patients of the AS completed the NIS. During the study, all stress symptoms declined significantly (total score 18.1 vs. 12.1 (of max. 39 points), p < 0.0001). Furthermore, a reduction of stress burden (relative difference in stress burden, VAS = −29.1%, p < 0.0001) was observed. For most patients, perceived stress was reduced at the study end (PSQ total score decreased in 70.9% of the patients). 75.9% of the study population rated the product efficacy as “good” or “very good” and 96.6% rated its tolerability as “good” or “very good.” One uncritical ADR was reported. Discussion/Conclusion. This study adds information on the beneficial effects of Neurodoron® in self-medication. The results from this NIS showed a marked reduction in stress burden and perceived stress, along with an excellent safety profile of the medicinal product (MP) Neurodoron®. Further trials are required to confirm these results.
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Hajek A, Sabat I, Neumann-Böhme S, Schreyögg J, Barros PP, Stargardt T, König HH. Prevalence and determinants of probable depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in seven countries: Longitudinal evidence from the European COvid Survey (ECOS). J Affect Disord 2022; 299:517-524. [PMID: 34920039 PMCID: PMC8684990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim was to present data on the prevalence of probable depression and anxiety and to determine their correlates during the COVID-19 pandemic in seven European countries using a longitudinal approach. METHODS Longitudinal data (wave 4 in November 2020: n = 7,115; wave 5 in January 2021: n = 7,068; wave 6 in April 2021: n = 7,204) were taken from the European COvid Survey (ECOS), a representative sample of non-institutionalized inhabitants from Germany, United Kingdom, Denmark, Netherlands, France, Portugal and Italy aged 18+. Probable depression and anxiety were quantified using the established and validated PHQ-4 (2-item depression scale, PHQ-2 / 2-item anxiety scale, GAD-2). RESULTS In wave 4 (wave 5; wave 6), 26.6% (25.5%; 23.8%) of all respondents had probable depression and 25.7% (23.6%; 22.1%) had probable anxiety. Prevalence rates for probable depression and probable anxiety differed significantly between countries. Among all countries and waves, particularly high prevalence rates were found among individuals aged 18 to 29 years. Longitudinal analysis showed that the likelihood of probable depression was positively associated with increasing age, great income difficulties and lower health-related quality of life. The likelihood of probable anxiety was positively associated with income difficulties, and lower health-related quality of life. LIMITATIONS Screening tool was used to quantify the outcomes. CONCLUSION The magnitude of probable depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in European countries was highlighted. Moreover, determining the factors associated with probable depression or anxiety (e.g., income difficulties, worse health-related quality of life) may assist in identifying individuals at increased risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Hajek
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Iryna Sabat
- Nova School of Business and Economics, Portugal
| | - Sebastian Neumann-Böhme
- Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jonas Schreyögg
- Hamburg Center for Health Economics, University of Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Tom Stargardt
- Hamburg Center for Health Economics, University of Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Helmut König
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, Hamburg, Germany
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Santens E, Dom G, Dierckx E, Claes L. Reactive and Regulative Temperament in Relation to Clinical Symptomatology and Personality Disorders in Patients with a Substance Use Disorder. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030591. [PMID: 35160046 PMCID: PMC8837055 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperament and personality traits are important factors underlying the vulnerability for both the initiation and continuation of addictive behaviors. We investigated the influence of reactive and regulative temperament and their interaction in relation to clinical symptomatology and personality disorders (PDs) in a sample of 841 inpatients (68.1% males) with a substance use disorder (SUD). To assess reactive temperament we used the Behavioral Inhibition and Behavioral Activation Scales (BISBAS) and to assess regulative temperament we used the Effortful Control Scale. Clinical symptomatology and personality traits were measured by means of the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) and the Assessment of ADP-IV Personality Disorders (ADP-IV). Hierarchical regression analyses showed that both, clinical symptomatology and PDs were related to low levels of effortful control (EC). None of the two-way interactions (BIS × EC, BAS × EC) however were significantly related to psychopathology. Current findings highlight the role of effortful control (EC) in the expression of psychopathology in an adult sample of inpatients with SUD. Therapeutic interventions aiming at strengthening EC can possibly result in better treatment outcomes for both the addiction and the comorbid psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Els Santens
- Alexian Psychiatric Hospital, 3300 Tienen, Belgium;
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (G.D.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Geert Dom
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (G.D.); (L.C.)
- Multiversum Psychiatric Hospital, 2530 Boechout, Belgium
| | - Eva Dierckx
- Alexian Psychiatric Hospital, 3300 Tienen, Belgium;
- Developmental and Life Span Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Claes
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (G.D.); (L.C.)
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Unmet need for mental health care within the Dutch population: exploring the role of GP. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-021-01687-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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