1
|
Andrukhov O, Ulm C, Reischl H, Nguyen PQ, Matejka M, Rausch-Fan X. Serum cytokine levels in periodontitis patients in relation to the bacterial load. J Periodontol 2010; 82:885-92. [PMID: 21138356 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.100425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a local inflammatory disease that also has some systemic effects. We investigated the levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-2, -4, -5, and -10 in the serum of patients with periodontitis in relation to the bacterial load in the dental plaques. METHODS Serum cytokine levels in patients with generalized periodontitis and healthy control groups were determined using the cytometric bead array kit. Bacterial load in the dental plaque was determined semiquantitatively by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The proportions of different lymphocyte subsets were determined in the peripheral blood of patients with periodontitis by flow cytometry. Finally, relationships between the bacterial load in the subgingival plaques of patients with periodontitis and levels of cytokines and counts of lymphocyte subsets were established. RESULTS Serum levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 were significantly increased, whereas those of IL-2 were significantly decreased in patients with periodontitis compared to healthy controls. Increased serum levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α in patients with periodontitis were associated with the enhanced dental plaque load with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) and Porphyromonas gingivalis, respectively. Finally, as revealed by analysis of lymphocyte populations, the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans and Trepomena denticola was associated with an increased population of CD3(-)/CD16(+) and CD3(+)/CD8(+) cells, respectively. CONCLUSION Certain periodontal pathogens could be associated with an increased level of proinflammatory cytokines in the peripheral blood and thus increased risk of systemic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleh Andrukhov
- Department of Periodontology, Bernhard Gottlieb University School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Demir T, Orbak R, Tezel A, Canakç V, Kaya H. The changes in the T-lymphocyte subsets in a population of Turkish children with puberty gingivitis. Int J Paediatr Dent 2009; 19:206-12. [PMID: 18341563 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263x.2007.00911.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate the number of CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes, analyse subjects with gingivitis and those without, and determine the role of T lymphocytes in the pathobiology of puberty gingivitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty individuals with and without puberty gingivitis were recruited for this study. The CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-lymphocyte counts were determined using flow cytometry on the biopsy samples, and the CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio was calculated. At the same time, periodontal index scores were recorded to assess the periodontal status. Acquired data were analysed statistically using a paired t-test to compare laboratory values obtained before and after the treatment in individuals with puberty gingivitis and disease-free individuals. In addition, Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relation between laboratory values and clinical measurements. RESULTS The CD4(+)/CD8 ratio in gingival tissues obtained from test group was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that found in the gingival tissue obtained from control group. We found that the CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocyte counts continued to increase significantly (P < 0.001) and the CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio continued to drop significantly (P < 0.05) after treatment in test group. CONCLUSIONS T lymphocytes could play a significant role in the pathobiology of puberty gingivitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Turgut Demir
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Demir T, Canakci V, Erdem F, Atasever M, Kara C, Canakci CF. The effects of age and gender on gingival tissue and peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subsets: a study in mice. Immunol Invest 2008; 37:171-82. [PMID: 18300042 DOI: 10.1080/08820130801897675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of age and gender on relative number of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte and CD4+/CD8+ ratios in gingival tissue and peripheral blood of periodontally healthy BALB/c mice with flow cytometric analysis. The study was carried out on periodontally healthy 60 BALB/c mice. They were separated into five groups according to the life expectancy: Group I (newborn, 1-10 days old), Group II (age at weaning, 21-28 days old), Group III (age of sexual maturity, puberty, 7-8 weeks old), Group IV (adult, 8 months old), and Group V (the aged, 14 and over). Males and females were equally represented in each group. CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and CD4+/CD8+ ratio values in gingival tissue and peripheral blood were determined using flow cytometry in the biopsy samples. The relative number of CD8+ T lymphocyte in gingival tissue was higher in puberty (p < 0.05) and the aged (p < 0.05), with more significantly difference in males (p < 0.05). The CD4+/CD8+ ratios in gingival tissue were lower in puberty group and the-aged groups compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). The peripheral blood CD4+/CD8+ ratio increased in puberty and the aged groups. These differences were more significant in females than in males (p < 0.05). There were considerable negative correlations between CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio in gingival tissue and CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio in peripheral blood in puberty (r = 0.647, p < 0.01) and the aged ( r = 0.599, p < 0.05). In conclusion, our data suggest that CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte ratios in peripheral blood increase periodontally healthy mice in puberty and the old groups, while CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte ratios in gingival tissue decrease in the same groups. The relative number of CD8+ T lymphocytes increases in gingival tissue in puberty and the old groups when it decreases in peripheral blood. Results from this study indicated that periodontally healthy BALB/c mice may represent important information to determine the character of an immune response in the course of a lifetime.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Turgut Demir
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sigusch BW, Wutzler A, Nietzsch T, Glockmann E. Evidence for a specific crevicular lymphocyte profile in aggressive periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2006; 41:391-6. [PMID: 16953815 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2006.00869.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE It is undisputed that the periodontal pocket is a particular region of the host defense that is dominated by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. However, little is known about the lymphocytes in the crevice. It was the aim of this study to analyse the proportions of T cells (CD3+), T-helper cells (CD4+), T-suppressor cells (CD8+), and B cells (CD20+) in the crevice of patients with localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP), generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP), and generalized chronic periodontitis (CP). The results were compared with those obtained from periodontally healthy controls. MATERIAL AND METHODS Crevicular cells were collected according to a previously described method. The lymphocyte subpopulations were analysed by using an indirect immunofluorescence method. RESULTS Significant differences were established between the test groups and the controls regarding the mean number of CD8+ lymphocytes (LAP > CP and controls; p < 0.05) and CD20+ lymphocytes (LAP/GAP > CP, p < 0.05 and LAP/GAP > controls; p < 0.001). Significant variations in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio were observed (LAP < controls and GAP < controls; p < 0.01), as well as a correlation between the number of T cells and the degree of inflammation. CONCLUSION In the present study, patients with LAP and patients with GAP were found to have increased numbers of crevicular T-suppressor/cytotoxic and B cells. This supports the hypothesis of a changed immune pathology in patients with aggressive periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B W Sigusch
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Department of Periodontology, Conservative Dentistry, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Erciyas K, Orbak R, Kavrut F, Demir T, Kaya H. The changes in T lymphocyte subsets following periodontal treatment in patients with chronic periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2006; 41:165-70. [PMID: 16677283 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2005.00855.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether there was any change in T-lymphocyte subsets in patients with chronic periodontitis after applying different periodontal treatment methods. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-four patients with chronic periodontitis were included in the study. In every phase of the treatment (pretreatment, initial treatment, curettage and flap operations) the biopsy samples were taken from the gingival tissues at sites of chronic periodontitis. Then CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocyte and CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio values were determined using flow cytometry in the biopsy samples. At the same time, gingival pocket depth, Löe-Silness gingival index, and Silness-Löe plaque index scores were recorded to assess the periodontal status in patients. To determine the correlation between the clinical measurements and the laboratory results obtained before the treatment, after initial treatment, after curettage and after flap operations, we conducted an analysis using a paired t-test. RESULTS Flow cytometry findings in the patients with chronic periodontitis showed that CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocyte values before treatment were under the normal value and the CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio was within the normal distribution interval. The CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio decreased postcurettage and postflap operation. This decrease was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocyte values were increased postcurettage and postflap operation. This increase was also statistically significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that local immune response was poor in the patients with chronic periodontitis. CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-lymphocytes could play a significant role in chronic periodontitis pathobiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamile Erciyas
- Department of Periodontology, Atatürk University, Faculty of Dentistry, Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Loos BG, Roos MTL, Schellekens PTA, van der Velden U, Miedema F. Lymphocyte Numbers and Function in Relation to Periodontitis and Smoking. J Periodontol 2004; 75:557-64. [PMID: 15152820 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2004.75.4.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T and B lymphocytes play important roles in periodontitis. Smoking is considered a risk factor for periodontitis and may exert its negative effects through leukocytes. Taking smoking into consideration, the aim of this study was to analyze numbers of circulating T (CD3+) cells and their CD4+ and CD8+ subpopulations, B (CD19+) cells, and T-cell proliferative capacity in periodontitis. METHODS Lymphocyte immunophenotyping for T cells, their CD4+ and CD8+ subsets, and B cells was performed on peripheral blood from 76 periodontitis patients and 36 controls. Proliferative capacity of T cells was determined in whole-blood lymphocyte culture assays after mitogenic stimulation. RESULTS Total T cells, CD4+ and CD8+ subpopulations, and responsiveness to specific T-cell stimuli did not differ between patients and controls; in addition, B cells were not significantly elevated in periodontitis patients. However, more periodontal breakdown in smoking patients was associated with higher numbers of CD3+ T cells, as well as with CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets, and increased T-cell proliferation. Numbers of B cells were not affected by smoking. CONCLUSIONS The increased numbers of T-cells and elevated T-cell responsiveness in patients who smoke may be one of several explanations why smoking is a risk factor for periodontitis. The mechanism of how T-cell function contributes to increase the severity of periodontal breakdown in smoking periodontitis patients needs to be investigated further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno G Loos
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Katz J, Guelmann M, Stavropolous F, Heft M. Gingival and other oral manifestations in measles virus infection. J Clin Periodontol 2003; 30:665-8. [PMID: 12834505 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-051x.2003.00356.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measles is a highly contagious, viral infectious disease affecting mainly children and young adults. It is characterized by high fever, maculopapular rash, keratoconjunctivitis and pathognomonic oral Koplik's spots. METHODS During an outbreak of measles among soldiers in the Israeli military, patients were referred to one medical center where they were also examined for oral signs and symptoms of their illness. RESULTS We present a case of measles infection with distinct oral findings. These included Koplik's spots, various forms of ulcerations of the free mucosa, -like gingivitis and pericoronitis. All oral lesions resolved after cessation of systemic illness. CONCLUSIONS The measles virus is associated with a transient inhibition of the host response. Immunosuppression may create the necessary condition for the proliferation of pathobacteria associated with the observed pericoronitis and the other gingival lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Katz
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, FL 32610-0416, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Orbak R, Erciyas K, Kaya H. Flow-cytometric analysis of T-lymphocyte subsets after different treatment methods in smokers and non-smokers with chronic periodontitis. Int Dent J 2003; 53:159-64. [PMID: 12873113 DOI: 10.1111/j.1875-595x.2003.tb00741.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine any change in T-lymphocyte subsets after applying different treatment methods in smokers and non-smokers with chronic periodontitis. PARTICIPANTS 50 adults with chronic periodontitis. METHOD The subjects were divided into smokers and non-smokers. Biopsy samples were taken from the gingival pocket wall tissues at sites with chronic periodontitis before treatment, after initial treatment, after curettage and after flap operation and tested for CD4+, CD8+ lymphocyte and CD4/ CD8 ratio values. Gingival pocket depth, gingival index (GI-Löe-Silness) and plaque index (PI-Silness-Löe) scores were also recorded. Analysis aimed at determining the relation between the clinical measurements and the laboratory results. RESULTS Flow cytometry findings in both groups showed that CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte values before treatment were under the normal value while the CD4+/CD8+ ratio was within normal distribution interval. The lymphocyte values observed in the smokers were found to be lower than those in the non-smokers. After treatment the difference between the lymphocyte values in smokers and non-smokers was found to be statistically significant. However, the difference between the CD4/CD8 rate obtained in smokers and non-smokers was not found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The lymphocyte values observed in smokers were found to be lower than those in non-smokers after applying different treatment methods and the local immune response was poor in the smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Recep Orbak
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Orbak R, Dayi E. Flow-cytometric analysis of T-lymphocyte subsets after different treatment methods in patients with pericoronitis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2003; 61:201-5. [PMID: 12618998 DOI: 10.1053/joms.2003.50038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine whether there was any change in T-lymphocyte subsets in patients with periocoronitis after the application of different treatment methods. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-six patients with acute pericoronitis were included in the study. In every phase of the treatment (pretreatment, postcurettage, and postextraction), the biopsy samples were taken from the gingival tissues at sites of pericoronitis. Then, CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocyte and CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio values were determined using flow cytometry in the biopsy samples. At the same time, gingival index (Löe-Silness) and plaque index (Silness-Löe) scores were recorded to assess the periodontal status in patients. To determine the correlation between the clinical measurements and the laboratory results obtained before the treatment, after curettage, and after extraction, we conducted an analysis using a paired t-test. RESULTS The normal values in peripheral blood of CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes are 25% to 29% and 19% to 48%, respectively. However, the CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocyte values in the patients with acute pericoronitis were found to be 22.12% +/- 6.15% and 7.69% +/- 4.12%, respectively. These values are lower than the normal values. The CD4(+) lymphocyte value increased to 31.06% +/- 7.09% postcurettage and to 32.24% +/- 3.11% postextraction. The CD8(+) lymphocyte value increased to 16.21% +/- 5.27% postcurettage and to 18.25% +/- 3.13% postextraction. The CD4/CD8 ratio increased postcurettage and postextraction. This increase was statistically significant (P <.001). Postcurettage, there was decrease in clinical indexes, which was statistically significant (P <.001). A significant correlation between CD4(+) lymphocyte and ginigival index values and also between CD8(+) lymphocyte and plaque index values was determined postcurettage (P <.05). CONCLUSION CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-lymphocytes could play a significant role in pericoronitis pathobiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Recep Orbak
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Surgery, Atatürk University, Faculty of Dentistry, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Okada M, Awane S, Suzuki J, Hino T, Takemoto T, Kurihara H, Miura K. Microbiological, immunological and genetic factors in family members with periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease, associated with hematological disorders. J Periodontal Res 2002; 37:307-15. [PMID: 12200976 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0765.2002.00659.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The microflora, immunological profiles of host defence functions, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) findings are reported for a mother, son and daughter who were diagnosed as having 'periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic diseases, associated with hematological disorders'. Examinations were made of the bacterial flora from the periodontal pocket, neutrophil chemotaxis, neutrophil phagocytosis, and the genotypes (DQB1) and serotypes (DR locus) of HLA class II antigens. Phenotypic analyses of the peripheral lymphocytes were also conducted. The subgingival microflora from the mother was dominated by Gram-negative rods, especially Porphyromonas endodontalis, Prevotella intermedia/Prevotella nigrescens and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Subgingival microflora samples from the son and daughter were dominated by Gram-positive cocci and Gram-positive rods. Through the use of polymerase chain reaction, Campylobacter rectus and Capnocytophaga gingivalis were detected in all subjects, whereas Porphyromonas gingivalis, P. intermedia, and Treponema denticola were not detected in any subjects. All three subjects showed a remarkable level of depressed neutrophil chemotaxis to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, although their phagocyte function levels were normal, in comparison to healthy control subjects. Each subject had the same genotype, HLA-DQB1*0601, while the mother had HLA-DR2 and HLA-DR8, and the son and daughter had HLA-DR2 only. In summary, the members of this family showed a similar predisposition to periodontitis with regard to certain host defence functions. It is suggested that the depressed neutrophil chemotaxis that was identified here could be a significant risk factor for periodontitis in this family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsugi Okada
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hiroshima University Faculty of Dentistry, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Buduneli N, Biçakçi N, Keskinoğlu A. Flow-cytometric analysis of lymphocyte subsets and mCD14 expression in patients with various periodontitis categories. J Clin Periodontol 2002; 28:419-24. [PMID: 11350504 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-051x.2001.028005419.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Membrane-bound CD14 (mCD14) is expressed mainly on circulating monocytes and tissue macrophages. It is one of the receptors, which act at the recognition of lipopolysaccharides by host cells. Periodontopathic bacteria result in activation of cellular and humoral immune responses. AIM The aim of the present study was to analyze the peripheral blood mCD14 concentrations as well as cell surface markers of lymphocyte subsets in periodontitis patients of various categories. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 22 early onset periodontitis (EOP), 10 adult periodontitis (AP) patients and 13 systemically and periodontally healthy control subjects. Three-color flow cytometry and a panel of relevant monoclonal antibodies were used to determine the percent expression of various cell surface markers on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The results were tested statistically by one-way variance analysis and Newman Keuls test. RESULTS No significant difference was observed between the study groups with regard to the relative counts of B-cells, T-cells, T-helper, T-cytotoxic/suppressor, activated T-cells and natural killer cells. EOP patients expressed significantly lower level of interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) when compared with AP patients (6.08% and 19.3% respectively) (p<0.05). The level of mCD14 in EOP patients (7.18%) was lower than that of AP patients (9.3%) and the control subjects (9.2%), but the differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The low level of IL-2R in the EOP group may be interpreted as an insufficient responsiveness to the periodontopathogens, which may be ultimately related with the more severe tissue destruction. Though not significant, the reduced expression of mCD14 in EOP group may also be related with the immune system deficiencies in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Buduneli
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kinane DF, Podmore M, Murray MC, Hodge PJ, Ebersole J. Etiopathogenesis of periodontitis in children and adolescents. Periodontol 2000 2001; 26:54-91. [PMID: 11452906 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0757.2001.2260104.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D F Kinane
- Periodontology and Oral Immunology Unit, University of Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zalkind M, Calderon Y, Rabinowitz R, Hadar R, Schlesinger M. The effect of dental alloys on mouse lymphocyte subpopulations. J Oral Rehabil 1998; 25:106-9. [PMID: 9576593 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2842.1998.00212.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of nickel-containing alloys on lymphocyte subsets in an experimental setting. Plates of alloys containing nickel (Ceramalloy, Talladium, Cerillium, Rexillium) or gold (Orion) were implanted subcutaneously into mice. The levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocyte subpopulations and of Smig+ B lymphocytes were determined at various intervals following implantation, using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry. No changes were detected in the proportion of the lymphocyte subsets tested. One month after implantation, the mean fluorescence intensity of CD4, CD8 or Smig, in the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of the nickel alloy-implanted animals, was significantly higher than that prior to this procedure. Only a mild increase in CD4 and CD8 was noted after implantation of the gold alloy. The observed effects are most likely attributable to the surgical trauma, and do not indicate that nickel-containing dental alloys influence T cell subsets in this murine model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Zalkind
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kojima T, Yano K, Ishikawa I. Relationship between serum antibody levels and subgingival colonization of Porphyromonas gingivalis in patients with various types of periodontitis. J Periodontol 1997; 68:618-25. [PMID: 9249632 DOI: 10.1902/jop.1997.68.7.618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is considered to be an important pathogen in periodontitis. The present study investigates the relationship between serum anti-P. gingivalis IgG antibody levels and the subgingival distribution of P. gingivalis in patients with periodontitis. We examined subgingival plaque samples from 15 patients with adult periodontitis (AP), 8 patients with early-onset periodontitis (EOP), and 6 clinically healthy individuals. The samples were collected from periodontal pockets or gingival crevices of all remaining teeth in each subject. The total number of samples was 3,024, ranging from 76 to 120 per subject. Probing depth and bleeding at each sample site were recorded. P. gingivalis was detected using a non-radioactive whole genomic DNA probe. Serum samples were taken from the subjects, and the serum anti-P. gingivalis IgG antibody titer was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). P. gingivalis was recovered from all AP and EOP patients, and from 3 of the 6 healthy subjects. Two significant positive correlations were observed among the subjects. The serum anti-P. gingivalis IgG antibody titer correlated with detection frequency of P. gingivalis, and the antibody titer correlated with the amount of P. gingivalis detected. Higher levels of P. gingivalis were detected in the EOP group than in the AP group. However, no significant difference was found in the serum IgG titer levels between EOP and AP patients. These findings suggest a direct relationship between the serum anti-P. gingivalis IgG levels and subgingival P. gingivalis colonization; however, the functional capabilities of IgG antibodies may vary among the various types of periodontitis patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Kojima
- Division of Physiopathology and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical Faculty, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ishikawa I, Nakashima K, Koseki T, Nagasawa T, Watanabe H, Arakawa S, Nitta H, Nishihara T. Induction of the immune response to periodontopathic bacteria and its role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 1997; 14:79-111. [PMID: 9567967 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.1997.tb00193.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I Ishikawa
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mathur A, Michalowicz BS. Cell-mediated immune system regulation in periodontal diseases. CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ORAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ORAL BIOLOGISTS 1997; 8:76-89. [PMID: 9063626 DOI: 10.1177/10454411970080010401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The adaptive immune system consists of humoral and cell-mediated immunity. T-lymphocytes are the key components of cell-mediated immunity. CD4+ helper T-lymphocytes facilitate B-cells to differentiate and produce specific antibodies, whereas CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes kill virally infected cells. Periodontal diseases have been associated with a variety of imbalances in the regulation of immune responses. Changes in the ratios of peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes, depressed proliferative responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes, and increased frequency of CD45RO+ memory T-lymphocytes in diseased tissues have been reported in individuals with various forms of periodontal disease. While some studies have shown an increased frequency of gamma delta + T-cells in periodontal lesions, the role of gamma delta + T-cells in periodontal disease remains controversial. The ability of putative periodontopathic bacteria selectively to stimulate certain V beta-expressing T-cells is intriguing and could determine whether a CD4+ Th1 or a CD4+ Th2 cell response is elicited. The prominence of a particular subset of helper T-cells within the periodontal lesion could be a reflection of the stage and activity of the disease, or the types of bacteria present. Regardless, longitudinal studies of the involvement of T-cell subsets and cytokines in periodontal disease are clearly needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Mathur
- Department of Oral Science, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nakagawa M, Kurihara H, Nishimura F, Isoshima O, Arai H, Sawada K, Nagai A, Murayama Y. Immunological, genetic, and microbiological study of family members manifesting early-onset periodontitis. J Periodontol 1996; 67:254-63. [PMID: 8708958 DOI: 10.1902/jop.1996.67.3.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
From the standpoint of host-parasite interactions, family studies help us understand the host defensive factors and the molecular mechanisms involved in the periodontal immune response. In this study, we report the immunological profile of host-defensive functions, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) phenotypes, and the microflora of a mother (rapidly progressive periodontitis), an older son (periodontally healthy), a younger son (localized juvenile periodontitis), and a daughter (localized juvenile periodontitis). We examined the peripheral neutrophil functions, phenotypic and functional analysis of peripheral lymphocytes, serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titers against periodontopathic bacteria, serological type of HLA class II antigens, and bacterial flora in all periodontal pockets. The results showed that Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans was dominant in the pockets of all subjects. The mother and two sons showed a depressed neutrophil chemotaxis to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. All subjects except the older son exhibited low T4/T8 ratios. The mother and daughter had raised levels of IgG titers to Porphyromonas gingivalis. All subjects had HLA phenotypes of DRw52 and DQ1 in common. We found that the family members had similar disorders in certain defensive functions. This family has been a model for our understanding of the host defensive factors in the development of early-onset periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Nakagawa
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Okayama University Dental School, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nagasawa T, Nitta H, Watanabe H, Ishikawa I. Reduced CD8+ peripheral blood T lymphocytes in rapidly progressive periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 1995; 40:605-8. [PMID: 7575231 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(95)00025-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The peripheral blood T-cell phenotype of patients with rapidly progressive periodontitis (RPP) was determined in order to investigate whether there were T-cell imbalances or not. Twenty patients aged 21-39 yr were selected for this study. Bone resorption and probing pocket depth were measured. All the patients had 10 or more teeth showing bone loss of 50% or more. As controls, 12 periodontally healthy, age-matched individuals were selected. Blood samples were obtained by venipuncture, and lymphocytes were isolated. Two-colour flow cytometric analysis was done with monoclonal antibodies against human CD4, CD8, and CD45RA antigens. The RPP patients were found to have significantly lower percentage of CD8+ T cells (Mann-Whitney's U-test, p < 0.01) and an increased CD4/CD8 ratio (Mann-Whitney's U-test, p < 0.01) compared with healthy individuals. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the percentages of CD4+ T cells and CD4+ CD45RA+ T cells between RPP patients and healthy individuals. No correlations between the clinical findings and T-cell subsets were found. These findings suggest that imbalances of peripheral blood T lymphocytes, especially a tendency to decreased CD8 + T cells, exist in RPP patients, and that cellular immune responses mediated by CD8 + T cells may play a part in the pathogenesis of RPP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Nagasawa
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Takahashi K, Nagai A, Satoh N, Kurihara H, Murayama Y. Studies on the phenotypic and functional characterization of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with early-onset periodontitis. J Periodontol 1995; 66:391-6. [PMID: 7623259 DOI: 10.1902/jop.1995.66.5.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile and rapidly progressive periodontitis are grouped under the heading of patients with early-onset periodontitis (EOP). Many studies have investigated host risk factors in the etiology of EOP patients but these remain inconclusive. This study was undertaken to assess the possibility that an abnormality in the systemic lymphocyte subpopulation or function is involved in the etiology of EOP patients. Fourteen (14) patients with juvenile periodontitis (JP), 18 with rapidly progressive periodontitis (RPP), 22 with adult periodontitis (AP), and 33 with a healthy periodontium (HP) participated in this study. Lymphocyte subsets were determined by using panels of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and fluorescent flow cytometry. T cell blastogenesis was evaluated by [3H]-thymidine uptake. Pokeweed mitogen induced immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM synthesis were detected by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. There were wide distributions of values in all examinations among subjects. No significant difference could be found between the periodontitis patients and HP groups with the exception of a high CD4/CD8 ratio in all patient groups (P < 0.0001) and the depressed percentages of CD3 positive cells noted in the AP patient group (P < 0.0001). These results suggest that the majority of EOP patients do not show significantly different lymphocyte profiles from AP patients and HP subjects, and that lymphocyte cell dysfunctions are not always seen, even in EOP patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Takahashi
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Okayama University Dental School, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Takahashi K, Takigawa M, Hara H, Nagai A, Takashiba S, Nishimura F, Chihara T, Ohyama H, Satoh N, Kurihara H. Clinical and laboratory studies on a patient with early onset periodontitis and her family members. A case report. J Periodontol 1995; 66:403-12. [PMID: 7623261 DOI: 10.1902/jop.1995.66.5.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Extensive clinical, microbiological, hematological, and immunological studies were performed on a patient with early onset periodontitis (EOP) and two other members of the family. The proband, a 27-year-old female, had early onset periodontitis and a high level of serum rheumatoid factors (RF) with no diagnosable medical disease. Her mother had lost all her teeth at the age of 50 because of advanced periodontitis, while her elder sister was unaffected by periodontitis. Neither the proband's periodontally-affected mother nor her unaffected sister exhibited a detectable level of RF. In this study, we examined: 1) serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titers against putative periodontal pathogenic bacteria; 2) peripheral neutrophil functions; 3) phenotypic analyses of peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations; and 4) peripheral lymphocyte functions (T cell proliferative activity, ability of cytokine [interleukin (IL)-2, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, IL-6 and IL-8] and IgG and IgM productivity). High antibody titers to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Campylobacter rectus were detected in the sera of the proband, as were high serum antibody titers to P. gingivalis in the mother and to C. rectus in the unaffected sister compared to the non-periodontitis affected subjects. The proband also showed enhanced neutrophil chemotaxis; a high percentage of pan-B cells; and high productivity of IL-6, IgG, and IgM compared to individuals who were not periodontally affected. The mother showed slightly low helper/induced T cells (Th/i) suppressor/cytotoxic T cells (Ts/c) ratios due to the elevated count of Ts/c, and high IFN-gamma productivity compared to control subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Takahashi
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Okayama University Dental School, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Celenligil H, Kansu E, Ruacan S, Eratalay K, Caglayan G. In situ characterization of gingival mononuclear cells in rapidly progressive periodontitis. J Periodontol 1993; 64:120-7. [PMID: 8433251 DOI: 10.1902/jop.1993.64.2.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly progressive periodontitis (RPP) has been suggested as a distinct clinical entity within the spectrum of early onset periodontitis. Immunological mechanisms have been considered in the pathogenesis of RPP. This study was designed to evaluate the distribution and phenotypic properties of the lymphocyte populations within the affected gingival tissue of patients with RPP. Biopsies were obtained from 16 patients between 22 and 33 years of age. The tissue samples were processed for both histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. Gingival tissue T lymphocytes (CD3+), helper T cells (CD4+), suppressor-cytotoxic T cells (CD8+), and cells positive for HLA-DR antigen were identified using monoclonal antibodies with an immunoperoxidase technique. Intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin-containing cells were also stained immunohistochemically with polyclonal antibodies. CD3+ cells were mainly located beneath the pocket epithelium. CD4+ and CD8+ cells were evenly distributed within this T-cell infiltrate with a CD4+/CD8+ ratio of 1:12. Numerous HLA-DR+ cells were also observed in the lymphocytic infiltrates. The majority of mononuclear cells located throughout the stroma were IgG+ plasma cells. Our results indicate that RPP patients present an IgG-bearing plasma cell dominated lesion with equal participation of both T-cell subpopulations. These findings suggest that activation and proliferation of B-cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Celenligil
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Qelenligll H, Kansu E, Eratalay K. Juvenile and rapidly progressive periodontitis. J Clin Pharm Ther 1992. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.1992.tb00763.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
23
|
Zafiropoulos GGK, .Flores-deJacoby L, Schoop B, Havemann K, Heymanns J. Flow-cytometric analysis of lymphocyte subsets in patients with advanced periodontitis. J Clin Pharm Ther 1992. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.1992.tb01165.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
24
|
Zafiropoulos GGK, .Flores-deJacoby L, Schoop B, Havemann K, Heymanns J. Flow-cytometric analysis of lymphocyte subsets in patients with advanced periodontitis. J Clin Pharm Ther 1992. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.1992.tb01189.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
25
|
Zafiropoulos GGK, Jacoby LFD, Schoop B, Havemann K, Heymanns J. Flow-cytometric analysis of lymphocyte subsets in patients with advanced periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 1990. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.1990.tb01685.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
26
|
Boughman JA, Astemborski JA, Blitzer MG. Early onset periodontal disease: a genetics perspective. CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ORAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ORAL BIOLOGISTS 1990; 1:89-99. [PMID: 2129623 DOI: 10.1177/10454411900010020501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J A Boughman
- Department of OB/GYN, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Celenligil H, Kansu E, Eratalay K. Juvenile and rapidly progressive periodontitis. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations. J Clin Periodontol 1990; 17:207-10. [PMID: 1693384 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.1990.tb00014.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile and rapidly progressive periodontitis are grouped under the heading of early-onset periodontitis. In recent years, much attention has been devoted to studying immunologic factors in early-onset periodontitis. This study was designed to investigate peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations, natural killer cells and interleukin-2 receptor positive (IL-2R +) cells in patients with juvenile and rapidly progressive periodontitis. 38 patients with juvenile and 30 patients with rapidly progressive periodontitis, plus 30 normal healthy control subjects were included in the study. Peripheral blood T-lymphocytes, helper T-cells, suppressor T-cells, HLA-DR+ cells, and IL-2R + cells were determined using appropriate monoclonal antibodies and the indirect immunofluorescence method. B-lymphocytes were identified using the direct immunofluorescence technique. Both groups of patients had normal number of total CD3+ T-cells, CD4+ helper T-cells, CD8+ suppressor T-cells, HLA-DR+ cells and IL-2R+ cells. Natural killer cells were found to be significantly elevated in both groups. These findings could contribute to the immunopathogenesis of early-onset periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Celenligil
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cobb CM, Singla O, Feil PH, Theisen FC, Schultz RE. Comparison of NK-cell (Leu-7+ and Leu-11b+) populations in clinically healthy gingiva, chronic gingivitis and chronic adult periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 1989; 24:1-7. [PMID: 2524565 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1989.tb00851.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Various investigations have reported the presence of cytotoxic lymphocyte activity in inflammatory periodontal disease. The collective evidence indicates that the inflammatory infiltrates of gingivitis and periodontitis should feature a major component of large granular lymphocytes (NK-cells) possessing cytotoxic potential. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine and compare, by use of immunohistochemical methods, the numbers of NK-cells in biopsies of clinically healthy gingiva, chronic gingivitis and chronic adult periodontitis and their relationship, if any, to the T- and B-lymphocyte populations. Gingival biopsies were obtained from 8 patients in each of three disease groups selected on the basis of predetermined clinical criteria. Using the avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase technique, four consecutive serial sections from each biopsy specimen were stained with a panel of antihuman monoclonal antibodies for T-lymphocytes (UCHL-1) B-lymphocytes (CD-45R), and NK-cells (Leu-7 and Leu-11b). Analyses of variance yielded a statistically significant main effect for each cell immunophenotype. The Newman-Keuls Sequential Range Test showed statistically significant differences for all but two mean comparisons (p less than 0.01). The comparisons for UCHL-1 and Leu-7 between chronic gingivitis and periodontitis specimens did not demonstrate significance. Although T- and B-lymphocyte populations increased approximately 20 x progressing from healthy to gingivitis to periodontitis specimens, the NK-cell population showed only a 3 x increase which represented 19%, 6.6% and 7% of the total of all positively stained lymphocytes across biopsy groups.
Collapse
|