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Nobre DAB, Moura MDG, de Arruda JAA, Felix FA, Diniz PB, Duarte ECB, Abreu LG, Gomez RS, Mesquita RA. Identification of Epstein-Barr virus after topical treatment for oral hairy leukoplakia: A preliminary study. Int J STD AIDS 2024:9564624241246298. [PMID: 38606785 DOI: 10.1177/09564624241246298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the presence of Epstein-Barr virus type 1 (EBV-1) DNA in patients living with HIV, before and after three different topical therapy protocols for oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL). METHODS The sample consisted of five patients treated with topical solution of 25% podophyllin resin; six with 25% podophyllin resin plus 5% acyclovir cream; and four with 25% podophyllin resin plus 1% penciclovir cream. DNA was extracted from OHL scrapings and amplified by the PCR using specific primers for EBV-1 (EBNA-1). RESULTS Clinical healing of OHL lesions was observed across all treatment groups over time. At baseline, EBNA-1 was detected in all OHL lesions. After treatment, OHL samples from three patients treated with 25% podophyllin resin plus 5% acyclovir cream and from one patient treated with 25% podophyllin resin plus 1% penciclovir cream exhibited negative EBNA-1 viral gene encoding. Despite the clinical resolution of OHL, 11 patients (73.3%) showed EBNA-1 positivity immediately after the lesion disappeared. Three patients (20%) treated with podophyllin resin displayed both EBNA-1 positivity and a recurrence of OHL, in contrast to no recurrence in the other two groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest potential associations between treatment formulations, EBNA-1 persistence, and the recurrence of OHL lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Augusto Barnabé Nobre
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - José Alcides Almeida de Arruda
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Aragão Felix
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Barbosa Diniz
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Guimarães Abreu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Santiago Gomez
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Alves Mesquita
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Yap T, Khor S, Kim JS, Kim J, Kim SY, Kern JS, Martyres R, Varigos G, Chan HT, McCullough MJ, Thomas ML, Scardamaglia L. Intraoral human herpes viruses detectable by PCR in majority of patients. Oral Dis 2020; 27:378-387. [PMID: 32609943 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify factors which influence the intraoral prevalence of human herpes viruses (HHVs) using mucosal swabs, saliva samples and qPCR analysis. METHODOLOGY In this cross-sectional observational study, matched saliva and oral swabs were collected from a total of 115 subjects: 70 immunocompetent subjects with no mucosal abnormalities, 22 with mucosal abnormalities and 23 therapeutically immunocompromised individuals. Extracted DNA was analysed by multiplex qPCR for detection and quantification of HHVs 1-6. RESULTS At least one human herpes virus was detected in 77.1% of immunocompetent individuals with no mucosal abnormalities, with EBV the most commonly detected at 61.4%. HHV-6 was detected in 17.1%, HSV-1 in 4.3% and CMV in 1.1%. Detection was higher in saliva than in oral swabs. There was no detection of HSV-2 or VZV. Neither presence of oral mucosal abnormality nor therapeutic immunocompromise was related to increased detection of human herpes virus. CONCLUSION Commensal detection rates of EBV are high, and caution in clinical correlation of positive detection is warranted. Commensal CMV rates are low, and detection is likely to be clinically relevant. This study presents a comprehensive commensal detection rate of HHVs 1-6 by qPCR in saliva and swabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tami Yap
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Dermatology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Shuan Khor
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Jung Seo Kim
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Jaeyoung Kim
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Sung Yun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Johannes S Kern
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Raymond Martyres
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - George Varigos
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Hiu Tat Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Michael J McCullough
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | | | - Laura Scardamaglia
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Vieira RDR, Ferreira LL, Biasoli ÉR, Bernabé DG, Nunes CM, Miyahara GI. Detection of Epstein-Barr virus in different sources of materials from patients with oral lichen planus: a case-control study. J Clin Pathol 2015; 69:358-63. [PMID: 26468392 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2015-203325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To detect the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in different sources of materials from a matched group of patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) and a group of people without OLP lesions, and to correlate the presence of virus with epidemiological variables of the groups studied. METHODS Fresh tissue samples, saliva, exfoliated cells and plasma of 24 patients with OLP lesions (cases) and 17 patients without OLP lesions (controls) were collected. EBV was detected by nested PCR. RESULTS Viral positivity was obtained in 62.5% of tissue samples; in 70.8% of exfoliated cell samples; in 33.3% of blood plasma samples and in 75% of saliva samples in the cases; and in 35.3% of tissue samples; 82.4% of exfoliated cell samples; in 47.1% of blood plasma samples and in 64.7% of saliva samples in the controls. There was a predominance of women in both groups. Variables not atrophic-erosive were most affected by EBV. CONCLUSIONS No relationship between EBV and OLP was found. However, all sources tested in this study were considered suitable for the detection of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rúbia da Rocha Vieira
- Oral Oncology Center and Department of Pathology and Clinical Propaedeutics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lígia Lavezo Ferreira
- Oral Oncology Center and Department of Pathology and Clinical Propaedeutics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Éder Ricardo Biasoli
- Oral Oncology Center and Department of Pathology and Clinical Propaedeutics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Galera Bernabé
- Oral Oncology Center and Department of Pathology and Clinical Propaedeutics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cáris Maroni Nunes
- Animal Health and Production, Araçatuba School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Glauco Issamu Miyahara
- Oral Oncology Center and Department of Pathology and Clinical Propaedeutics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Braz-Silva PH, Santos RTM, Schussel JL, Gallottini M. Oral hairy leukoplakia diagnosis by Epstein-Barr virusin situhybridization in liquid-based cytology. Cytopathology 2013; 25:21-6. [DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. H. Braz-Silva
- Laboratory of Virology; Institute of Tropical Medicine; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Oral Pathology; School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - R. T. M. Santos
- Division of Pathology; Adolfo Lutz Institute; São Paulo Brazil
| | - J. L. Schussel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Erasto Gaertner Hospital; Curitiba Brazil
| | - M. Gallottini
- Department of Oral Pathology; School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
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5
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Petti S, Polimeni A, Berloco PB, Scully C. Orofacial diseases in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Oral Dis 2012; 19:18-36. [PMID: 22458357 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2012.01925.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Solid organ transplant (SOT) and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients are at risk of several diseases, principally attributable to immunosuppression. This global overview of SOT/HSCT-associated orofacial diseases is aimed at providing a practical instrument for the oral healthcare management of SOT/HSCT recipients. METHODS Literature search was made through MEDLINE. The associations between orofacial diseases and SOT/HSCT were assessed using observational studies and case series and were classified into 'association', 'no association', and 'unclear association'. RESULTS Lip/oral cancers, drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO), infections, including hairy leukoplakia and, less frequently, post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) and oral lichenoid lesions of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), were associated with SOT. Lip/oral cancers, GVHD, mucositis, DIGO, infections and, less frequently, PTLDs were associated with HSCT. Associations of orofacial granulomatosis-like lesions and oral mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-type lymphoma with SOT, and of pyogenic granuloma and hairy leukoplakia with HSCT were unclear. Periodontal disease and dental caries were not associated with SOT/HSCT. For none of the local treatments was there a strong evidence of effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS Solid organ transplant/HSCT recipients are at risk of orofacial diseases. Adequate management of these patients alleviates local symptoms responsible for impaired eating, helps prevent systemic and lethal complications, and helps where dental healthcare has been neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Petti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
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6
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de França TRT, de Albuquerque Tavares Carvalho A, Gomes VB, Gueiros LA, Porter SR, Leao JC. Salivary shedding of Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus in people infected or not by human immunodeficiency virus 1. Clin Oral Investig 2011; 16:659-64. [PMID: 22186943 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-011-0548-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency of EBV and CMV DNA detection in saliva of HIV infected and non-HIV individuals and their siblings. The study group comprised 240 individuals. Group 1 comprised of 40 HIV-infected patients, group 2 40 non-HIV individuals, group 3 two siblings for each patient from group 1 (n = 80), and group 4 two siblings for each individual from group 2 (n = 80). Non-stimulated whole saliva was collected, DNA was extracted, and amplification was performed using a nested PCR protocol. EBV and CMV DNA was detected in 7/40 (17.5%) and 5/40 (12.5%) individuals from group 1, 8/40 (20%) and 3/40 (7.5%) from group 2, 11/80 (13.8%) and 2/80 (2.5%) from group 3, and 8/80 (10%) and 1/80 (1.3%) from group 4, respectively. Five (71.4%) out of seven HIV/EBV coinfected individuals of group 1 had a relative also infected with EBV (OR = 11.25, CI [1.75-72.5], p = 0.011). Regarding group 2, among the eight non-HIV and EBV-infected individuals, three (37.5%) had a relative also positive to EBV (p = 0.320). No individual HIV/CMV coinfected had a relative CMV infected (p = 1.00). Also, only one non-HIV and CMV-infected individual had a relative also positive to CMV (p = 0.075). EBV and CMV DNA was detected mainly in those who had HIV viral load counts <400/mL (71%, p = 0.2 and 100%, p = 1, respectively) and those who had CD4 T cells counts between 200 and 400/mm(3) (57%, p = 0.544 and 60%, p = 0.249, respectively). HIV-infected individuals and healthy controls showed a similar frequency of viral DNA detection. EBV DNA was significantly amplified in saliva of household members of HIV/EBV coinfected individuals.
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de França TRT, de Araújo RA, Ribeiro CMB, Leao JC. Salivary shedding of HHV-8 in people infected or not by human immunodeficiency virus 1. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 40:97-102. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.00959.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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López-Pintor RM, Hernández G, De Arriba L, De Andrés A. Comparison of oral lesion prevalence in renal transplant patients under immunosuppressive therapy and healthy controls. Oral Dis 2010; 16:89-95. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2009.01609.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Ammatuna P, Campisi G, Giovannelli L, Giambelluca D, Alaimo C, Mancuso S, Margiotta V. Presence of Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus and human papillomavirus in normal oral mucosa of HIV-infected and renal transplant patients. Oral Dis 2008. [DOI: 10.1034/j.1601-0825.2001.70108.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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11
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Artifacts. Dermatopathology (Basel) 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-30244-1_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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12
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Komatsu TL, Rivero ERC, Gallottini de Magalhães MHC, Nunes FD. Epstein-Barr virus in oral hairy leukoplakia scrapes: identification by PCR. Braz Oral Res 2006; 19:317-21. [PMID: 16491263 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242005000400015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) is a lesion associated with a compromised immune system, and its diagnosis is determined by the demonstration of the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in lesional tissue. The purpose of this article was to develop a simple technique to help the diagnosis of OHL, using PCR as an alternative technique to evidence EBV in scrapings. DNA samples were obtained by scraping the lateral border of the tongue of 38 adult patients: 29 HIV-positive patients (4 with clinical evidence of OHL; 4 with history of OHL, but without lesion at the moment the samples were collected; and 21 without clinical evidence of OHL), and 9 healthy volunteers for the control group. DNA was extracted from scrapes and amplified by PCR using specific primers for EBV. Of the 29 cases of HIV-positive patients, 22 (75.86%) were positive for EBV: 2 patients with clinical evidence of OHL, 4 patients with history of OHL, but without lesion at the moment the samples were collected, and 16 patients without clinical evidence of OHL. In the control group, samples of 5 (55.56%) healthy volunteers presented amplification for EBV. We concluded that the use of PCR in oral scrapes suggests a high sensitivity but low specificity for the diagnosis of OHL.
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Barroso Duarte EC, da Silveira-Júnior JB, Gomez RS, Pinto Paes RA, Tanos de Lacerda JC, Mesquita RA. Plasmablastic lymphoma of oral mucosa type: A case report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ooe.2005.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lilly EA, Cameron JE, Shetty KV, Leigh JE, Hager S, McNulty KM, Cheeks C, Hagensee ME, Fidel PL. Lack of evidence for local immune activity in oral hairy leukoplakia and oral wart lesions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 20:154-62. [PMID: 15836516 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2005.00198.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral warts, caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), and oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), are common oral manifestations in HIV-infected persons. Although both conditions occur most often with reduced blood CD4+ T-cell numbers, oral warts and OHL rarely occur simultaneously, suggesting that dysfunctions in other secondary local immune parameters are also involved. The present study evaluated tissue-associated proinflammatory and T-helper cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression and the presence of T cells in each lesion. METHODS Biopsies were taken from lesion-positive and adjacent lesion-negative sites of HIV+ persons with oral warts or OHL and lesion-negative sites from HIV+ persons who were oral HPV or EBV DNA-positive (matched controls). Cytokine/chemokine mRNA expression was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. CD3, CD4, and CD8 cells were identified by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS No differences were detected in tissue-associated cytokine/chemokine mRNA expression in warts or OHL when compared to lesion-negative sites. Immunohistochemical analysis of T cells showed CD8+ cells exclusively, but few cells were present in either lesion. No differences were detected between lesion-positive and -negative control sites of each pathologic condition. CONCLUSION Little evidence was found for local immune reactivity to either oral warts and OHL, suggesting that CD4+ T cells are a primary host defense against both oral warts and OHL, but with nonimmune factors potentially responsible for the divergent prevalence of each.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Lilly
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Section of Infectious Disease, Lousiana State University Health Sciences Center and School of Dentistry, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørgen Slots
- School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Braz-Silva PH, Ortega KL, Rezende NP, Nunes FD, Magalhães MHCG. Detection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the oral mucosa of renal transplant patients. Diagn Cytopathol 2005; 34:24-8. [PMID: 16355381 DOI: 10.1002/dc.20380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-DNA in the oral mucosa of renal transplant patients and observe the efficacy of mouth rinses with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) to eliminate EBV present in the saliva. Lingual, gingival, and buccal cytobrushings were obtained from normal oral mucosa of 10 renal transplant patients and 10 normal subjects, and were examined through polymerase chain reaction (PCR), before and after rinses with PBS. EBV-DNA was detected in 86.6% of renal transplant recipients and in 46.6% of healthy subjects. No significant difference was observed between oral scrapes obtained before and after rinses with PBS with regard to detection of EBV-DNA. Our results suggest that the use of PCR to detect the presence of EBV-DNA in oral mucosa in the absence of specific lesions gives rise to the problem of identifying the viral replication sites. In addition, PBS was not effective at minimizing contamination by saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo H Braz-Silva
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Leigh JE, Shetty K, Fidel PL. Oral opportunistic infections in HIV-positive individuals: review and role of mucosal immunity. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2004; 18:443-56. [PMID: 15321016 DOI: 10.1089/1087291041703665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral opportunistic infections in the HIV-positive individual have been documented since the first reports of the epidemic, with many lesions associated with reduced CD4(+) T lymphocyte cell count. The most common oral lesions seen in HIV disease prior to the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) were oropharyngeal candidiasis and oral hairy leukoplakia. However, since the advent of HAART while many oral lesions have decreased significantly the incidence of oral warts has surprisingly increased. Despite the correlation of diminished CD4(+) T lymphocyte count to the occurrence of these lesions, it is rare for the lesions to occur concurrently suggesting that each pathologic lesion type is associated with distinct host immune dysfunctions. To date, the oral opportunistic infection most frequently investigated is oropharyngeal candidiasis, where data suggests that both systemic and local immunity is important for protection against infection. In contrast, recent investigations into the host responses associated with oral hairy leukoplakia and oral warts show little to no evidence of systemic or mucosal immune responsiveness despite the presumed competence of several types of leukocytes other than CD4(+) T cells. Together these data are suggesting that susceptibility to oropharyngeal candidasis in HIV-positive persons is predominantly immune-based, whereas protection or susceptibility to oral hairy leukoplakia and oral warts may be more associated with factors other than mucosal immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet E Leigh
- Department of General Dentistry, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70119, USA.
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18
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Brengel-Pesce K, Morand P, Schmuck A, Bourgeat MJ, Buisson M, Barguès G, Bouzid M, Seigneurin JM. Routine use of real-time quantitative PCR for laboratory diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus infections. J Med Virol 2002; 66:360-9. [PMID: 11793388 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.2153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on the LightCycler instrument (LC-PCR) was developed to measure the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) load in clinical samples. LC-PCR detected two copies of the EBV genome per 500 ng of DNA. Its specificity was confirmed by assays in EBV-negative cell lines, other human herpesviruses and EBV-seronegative individuals. Excellent inter-assay reproducibility of LC-PCR was obtained in 43 samples (r = 0.983). LC-PCR results were compared with a routinely used ELISA-PCR of 150 samples and a good correlation was found (r = 0.956). A total of 88 individuals were studied, including healthy EBV-seropositive adults (n = 32), patients with EBV-associated disease (n = 34), and HIV-infected patients (n = 22); 37.5% of PBMC samples from healthy individuals contained EBV DNA, while no serum sample was positive. The viral load was significantly higher in PBMCS and saliva specimens in patients recently infected with HIV (19 and 39,400 copies/microg DNA, respectively), as well as in AIDS patients (122 and 331,130 copies/microg DNA) than in the control population (0 and 35 copies/microg DNA). This study confirmed that EBV load measurement with LC-PCR is helpful in the management of EBV-related post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders and probably of EBV-associated primary central nervous system B-cell lymphoma.
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Campisi G, Pizzo G, Mancuso S, Margiotta V. Gender differences in human immunodeficiency virus-related oral lesions: an Italian study. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, ORAL PATHOLOGY, ORAL RADIOLOGY, AND ENDODONTICS 2001; 91:546-51. [PMID: 11346733 DOI: 10.1067/moe.2001.113548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between oral lesions and gender, age, CD4(+) cell count, human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) viral load, antiretroviral therapy, and route of transmission in a group of HIV-infected (HIV+) persons from the Mediterranean region. STUDY DESIGN The participants in this study were HIV+ adults who sought dental care between January 1999 and June 1999 in the Department of Oral Medicine (University of Palermo, Italy). RESULTS One hundred thirty-six HIV+ adults came in for an initial oral examination. Their mean age was 35.2 years (SD +/- 7.97), and 33% were women. Their mean CD4(+) cell count was 325.3 x 10(6) /L (SD +/- 225.8), and their HIV-1 viral load was 39,168.3 copies/mL (SD +/- 144,256.1). Oral lesions were found in 47% of the study group, as well as in 56.5% of women (n = 46) versus 45.5% of men (n = 90; P =.05). Oral candidiasis was the most common disease; it is significantly associated with women (P =.004), CD4(+) cell count (P =.005), and HIV-1 viral load (P =.0003). No significant relationships were found between any types of oral lesions and age, antiretroviral therapy, or route of transmission (P >.2). CONCLUSION The prevalence of HIV-related oral lesions was significantly higher in women than in men, especially for oral candidiasis, the most common lesion observed related to immune status and HIV-1 viral load.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Campisi
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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Ammatuna P, Giovannelli L, Giambelluca D, Mancuso S, Rubino E, Colletti P, Mazzola G, Belfiore P, Lima R. Presence of human papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr virus in the cervix of women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. J Med Virol 2000; 62:410-5. [PMID: 11074467 DOI: 10.1002/1096-9071(200012)62:4<410::aid-jmv3>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was sought in cervical scrapings from 110 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women to evaluate the role of these viruses as risk factors for squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix. By using PCR, presence of HPV-DNA and EBV-DNA was found in 60.9% (67/110) and in 10% (11/110) of clinical samples, respectively. Identification of oncogenic group of HPV by hybrid capture (HC II, Murex-Digene) indicated the presence of low-risk HPV in 13 (19.4%) patients, high-risk HPV in 28 (41.8%), and both types of HPV in 26 (38.8%) patients. Squamous intraepithelial lesions were present in 59 cases, being low-grade (n = 52) and high-grade (n = 7) lesions. HPV was detected in 84.7% of patients with lesions, in association with low-grade (43/52) and high-grade lesions (7/7), and in 33% of patients without lesions. EBV-DNA was detected in 8 patients with low-grade lesions and in 3 patients without lesions. Concurrent genital HPV and EBV infection was observed in 9 cases. HPV was associated with detection of squamous intraepithelial lesions [OR = 3.55; 95% CI = (1.96; 6.48)]. No significant association was found between presence of EBV and detection of lesions, both in case of EBV infection alone [OR = 1.4; 95% CI = (0. 93; 2.12)] and in case of HPV/EBV combined infection [OR = 0.87; 95%CI = (0.54; 1.42)]. These data confirm the significant role of HPV as risk factor for squamous intraepithelial lesions and suggest that EBV could not be involved in the pathogenesis of the lesions that arise in the cervix of HIV-positive women.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ammatuna
- Dipartimento di Igiene e Microbiologia, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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