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Pimenta GF, Awata WMC, Orlandin GG, Silva-Neto JA, Assis VO, da Costa RM, Bruder-Nascimento T, Tostes RC, Tirapelli CR. Melatonin prevents overproduction of reactive oxygen species and vascular dysfunction induced by cyclophosphamide. Life Sci 2024; 338:122361. [PMID: 38158040 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a pathologic hallmark of cyclophosphamide toxicity. For this reason, antioxidant compounds emerge as promising tools for preventing tissue damage induced by cyclophosphamide. We hypothesized that melatonin would display cytoprotective action in the vasculature by preventing cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice (22-25 g) were injected with a single dose of cyclophosphamide (300 mg/kg; i.p.). Mice were pretreated or not with melatonin (10 mg/kg/day, i.p.), given during 4 days before cyclophosphamide injection. Functional (vascular reactivity) and oxidative/inflammatory patterns were evaluated at 24 h in resistance arteries. The antioxidant action of melatonin was assessed in vitro in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of mesenteric arteries. KEY FINDINGS Cyclophosphamide induced ROS generation in both mesenteric arterial bed (MAB) and cultured VSMCs, and this was normalized by melatonin. Cyclophosphamide-induced ROS generation and lipoperoxidation in the bladder and kidney was also prevented by melatonin. Increased levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 were detected in the MAB of cyclophosphamide-treated mice, all of which were prevented by melatonin. Functional assays using second-order mesenteric arteries of cyclophosphamide-treated mice revealed a decrease in vascular contractility. Melatonin prevented vascular hypocontractility in the cyclophosphamide group. Melatonin partially prevented the decrease in myeloperoxidase (MPO) and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activities in the MAB of the cyclophosphamide group. SIGNIFICANCE Melatonin may constitute a novel and promising therapeutic approach for management of the toxic effects induced by cyclophosphamide in the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo F Pimenta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular, DEPCH, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Wanessa M C Awata
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular, DEPCH, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Vascular Medicine Institute (VMI), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gabrielly G Orlandin
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular, DEPCH, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Julio A Silva-Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor O Assis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular, DEPCH, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael M da Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rita C Tostes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Tirapelli
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular, DEPCH, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Ozturk I, Elbe H, Bicer Y, Karayakali M, Onal MO, Altinoz E. Therapeutic role of melatonin on acrylamide-induced hepatotoxicity in pinealectomized rats: Effects on oxidative stress, NF-κB signaling pathway, and hepatocellular proliferation. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 174:113658. [PMID: 36780936 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide (AA) is formed in some foods by the cooking process at high temperatures, and it could be a carcinogen in humans and rodents. The purpose of the current study was to reveal the possible protective effects of melatonin against AA-induced hepatic oxidative stress, hepatic inflammation, and hepatocellular proliferation in pinealectomized rats. Hence, the sham and pinealectomized rats were consecutively given AA alone (25 mg/kg) or with melatonin (10 mg/kg) for 21 days. Melatonin acts as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic agent and introduces as a therapeutic strategy for AA-induced hepatotoxicity. Melatonin supplementation reduced AA-caused liver damage by decreasing the serum AST, ALT, and ALP levels. Melatonin raised the activities of SOD and CAT and levels of GSH and suppressed hepatic inflammation (TNF-α) and hepatic oxidative stress in liver tissues. Moreover, histopathological alterations and the disturbances in immunohistochemical expression of NF-κB and Ki67 were improved after melatonin treatment in AA-induced hepatotoxicity. Overall, our results demonstrate that melatonin supplementation exhibits adequate hepatoprotective effects against hepatotoxicity of AA on pinealectomized rat liver architecture and the tissue function through the equilibration of oxidant/antioxidant status, the regulation of cell proliferation and the suppression of the release of proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipek Ozturk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Hulya Elbe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Bicer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Melike Karayakali
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Melike Ozgul Onal
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Eyup Altinoz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey.
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de Oliveira VA, Monteiro Fernandes ANR, Dos Santos Leal LM, Ferreira Lima PA, Silva Pereira AR, Pereira IC, Negreiros HA, Pereira-Freire JA, da Silva FCC, de Carvalho Melo Cavalcante AA, Torres-Leal FL, Azevedo AP, de Castro E Sousa JM. α-tocopherol as a selective modulator of toxicogenic damage induced by antineoplastic agents cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2023; 86:87-102. [PMID: 36756732 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2168224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the oxidative/antioxidative effects, modulatory and selective potential of α-tocopherol (vitamin E) on antineoplastic drug-induced toxicogenetic damage. The toxicity, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by antineoplastic agents cyclophosphamide (CPA) and doxorubicin (DOX) was examined utilizing as models Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Allium cepa, Artemia salina and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the presence of α-tocopherol. For these tests, concentrations of α- tocopherol 100 IU/ml (67mg/ml), CPA 20 µg/ml, DOX 2 µg/ml were used. The selectivity of α-tocopherol was assessed by the MTT test using human mammary gland non-tumor (MCF10A) and tumor (MCF-7) cell lines. Data showed cytoplasmic and mitochondrial oxidative damage induced by CPA or DOX was significantly diminished by α-tocopherol in S. cerevisiae. In addition, the toxic effects on A. salina and cytotoxic and mutagenic effects on A. cepa were significantly reduced by α-tocopherol. In PBMCs, α-tocopherol alone did not markedly affect these cells, and when treated in conjunction with CPA or DOX, α-tocopherol reduced the toxicogenetic effects noted after antineoplastic drug administration as evidenced by decreased chromosomal alterations and lowered cell death rate. In human mammary gland non-tumor and tumor cell lines, α-tocopherol produced selective cytotoxicity with 2-fold higher effect in tumor cells. Evidence indicates that vitamin E (1) produced anti-cytotoxic and anti-mutagenic effects against CPA and DOX (2) increased higher selectivity toward tumor cells, and (3) presented chemoprotective activity in PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Alves de Oliveira
- Department of Nutrition, Campus Senador Helvídio Nunes de Barros - CSHNB, Federal University of Piauí - UFPI, Picos, Brazil
| | | | - Lauana Maria Dos Santos Leal
- Laboratory of Research, Campus Senador Helvídio Nunes de Barros - CSHNB, Federal University of Piauí - UFPI, Picos, Brazil
| | - Paloma Alves Ferreira Lima
- Laboratory of Research, Campus Senador Helvídio Nunes de Barros - CSHNB, Federal University of Piauí - UFPI, Picos, Brazil
| | - Ana Rafaela Silva Pereira
- Laboratory of Research, Campus Senador Helvídio Nunes de Barros - CSHNB, Federal University of Piauí - UFPI, Picos, Brazil
| | - Irislene Costa Pereira
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (DOMEN) Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Helber Alves Negreiros
- Laboratory of Research, Campus Senador Helvídio Nunes de Barros - CSHNB, Federal University of Piauí - UFPI, Picos, Brazil
| | - Joilane Alves Pereira-Freire
- Department of Nutrition, Campus Senador Helvídio Nunes de Barros - CSHNB, Federal University of Piauí - UFPI, Picos, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Amélia de Carvalho Melo Cavalcante
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (DOMEN) Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Francisco Leonardo Torres-Leal
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (DOMEN) Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Adriana Paiva Azevedo
- Post-graduate program of Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí - UFPI, Picos, Brazil
| | - João Marcelo de Castro E Sousa
- Post-graduate program of Biotechnology (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí - UFPI, Picos, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Post-graduate program of Pharmaceutical sciences, Federal University of Piauí - UFPI, Picos, Brazil
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Diao X, Duan C, Yao L, Qin J, He L, Zhang W. Melatonin Promotes the Development of Secondary Hair Follicles in Adult Cashmere Goats by Activating the Keap1-Nrf2 Signaling Pathway and Inhibiting the Inflammatory Transcription Factors NFκB and AP-1. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36834812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Exogenous melatonin (MT) has been used to promote the growth of secondary hair follicles and improve cashmere fiber quality, but the specific cellular-level mechanisms involved are unclear. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of MT on the development of secondary hair follicles and on cashmere fiber quality in cashmere goats. The results showed that MT improved secondary follicle numbers and function as well as enhanced cashmere fiber quality and yield. The MT-treated goat groups had high secondary-to-primary ratios (S:P) for hair follicles, greater in the elderly group (p < 0.05). Antioxidant capacities of secondary hair follicles improved fiber quality and yield in comparison with control groups (p < 0.05/0.01). Levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS, RNS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were lowered (p < 0.05/0.01) by MT. There was significant upregulation of antioxidant genes (for SOD-3; GPX-1; NFE2L2) and the protein of nuclear factor (Nrf2), and downregulation of the Keap1 protein. There were significant differences in the expression of genes for secretory senescence-associated phenotype (SASP) cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, MMP-9, MMP-27, CCL-21, CXCL-12, CXCL-14, TIMP-1,2,3) plus their protein of key transcription factors, nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1), in comparison with the controls. We concluded that MT could enhance antioxidant capacity and reduce ROS and RNS levels of secondary hair follicles through the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in adult cashmere goats. Furthermore, MT reduced the expression of the SASP cytokines genes by inhibiting the protein of NFκB and AP-1 in the secondary hair follicles in older cashmere goats, thus delaying skin aging, improving follicle survival, and increasing the number of secondary hair follicles. Collectively, these effects of exogenous MT enhanced the quality and yield of cashmere fibers, especially at 5-7 years old.
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Cao L, Du J, Jia R, Gao J, Nie Z, Shao N, Li Q, Zhu H, Yin G, Ding W, Xu G. Alleviative effects of astragaloside IV on cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative damage and immunosuppression in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 264:109503. [PMID: 36368505 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Astragaloside IV (ASIV) has effects of antioxidation and immunologic enhancement. However, there are few reports on the application and potential mechanism of ASIV in aquaculture. In this study, we investigated the effect of ASIV on growth, antioxidation, and immune function of tilapia. Tilapia were fed a diet containing 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 g·kg-1 ASIV for 60 days, followed by an intrapleural injection of 50 mg·kg-1 cyclophosphamide (CTX) to induce oxidative damage and immunosuppression. Then tilapia were weighed and blood, liver, spleen, kidney, and intestinal were collected. The results showed ASIV increased the final weight, relative weight rate, and specific growth rate of tilapia, reduce conversion ratio, and reduced the morphological lesions of tissues. Meanwhile, ASIV alleviated CTX-induced oxidative damage by improving antioxidant activity in serum and tissues and inhibiting lipid peroxidation. Additionally, ASIV attenuated the immunosuppression of tilapia caused by CTX, regulated immunochemical indexes in serum, increased the viability of peripheral blood leukocytes and head kidney macrophages, and restored respiratory burst activity (O2-) in head kidney macrophages and splenocytes. Furthermore, qPCR data showed ASIV up-regulated antioxidant-related gene expression of nrf2, ho-1, gpx3, and cat and immune-related gene expression including C3 and igm. In conclusion, ASIV as a feed additive can not only improve the growth performance but also enhance the antioxidant capacity and immune function of tilapia, which may be associated with the ability of ASIV to scavenge free radicals, reduce lipid peroxidation levels, and stabilize numbers of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jinliang Du
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Rui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jiancao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Zhijuan Nie
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Nailin Shao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Quanjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Haojun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Guojun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Weidong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Gangchun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
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Mohamed BM, Ismail RS, Saleh IG, Abo-Salem OM, El-Sayed ESM. Olmesartan ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in rats via Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Tissue Cell 2022; 78:101877. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zou S, Shimizu T, Kurabayashi A, Yamamoto M, Shimizu S, Higashi Y, Shimizu N, Karashima T, Saito M. Protective effects of hydrogen sulfide pretreatment on cyclophosphamide-induced bladder dysfunction in rats via suppression of bladder afferent nerves. Nitric Oxide 2022; 127:54-63. [PMID: 35918055 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CYP), a broad-spectrum anticancer drug, causes serious side effects, such as haemorrhagic cystitis (HC). Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an endogenous gasotransmitter, has physiological properties, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and neuromodulation. In this study, we investigated the effects of NaHS (H2S donor) pretreatment on bladder dysfunction in CYP-treated rats. Male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally pretreated with NaHS (3 or 10 μmol/kg) or vehicle once daily for 7 days before cystometry, and CYP (150 mg/kg) or saline was intraperitoneally administered 2 days before cystometry. After cystometry, the bladder tissues were collected for haematoxylin and eosin staining. In some rats, capsaicin (CAP), which can desensitise CAP-sensitive afferent nerves, was subcutaneously injected at 125 mg/kg 4 days before cystometry. CYP reduced intercontraction intervals (ICI) and bladder compliance (Comp) and increased the number of non-voiding contractions (NVCs) compared with the saline-treated control group. NaHS pretreatment dose-dependently improved the CYP-induced these changes. In bladder tissues, CYP increased histological scores of neutrophil infiltration, haemorrhage, and oedema, while NaHS had no effect on these CYP-induced changes. CAP showed a tendency to suppress CYP-induced changes in ICI. NaHS-induced improvement in CYP-induced changes in urodynamic parameters were not detected in CAP-treated rats. These findings suggest that NaHS pretreatment prevented bladder dysfunction in CYP-treated rats by suppressing CAP-sensitive bladder afferent nerves, but not by suppressing bladder inflammation. Therefore, H2S represents a new candidate as a protective drug for bladder dysfunction induced by HC, a side effect of CYP chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suo Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Kurabayashi
- Department of Pathology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Masaki Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Shogo Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Youichirou Higashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Shimizu
- Department of Pelvic Floor Center, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Takashi Karashima
- Department of Urology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Motoaki Saito
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
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Lin J, Lin Y, Liu J, Liu S, Fang K, Hsu R, Huang C, Chang K, Lee K, Chang K, Su C, Chen Y. Norketamine, the Main Metabolite of Ketamine, Induces Mitochondria-Dependent and ER Stress-Triggered Apoptotic Death in Urothelial Cells via a Ca2+-Regulated ERK1/2-Activating Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4666. [PMID: 35563057 PMCID: PMC9102902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ketamine-associated cystitis is characterized by suburothelial inflammation and urothelial cell death. Norketamine (NK), the main metabolite of ketamine, is abundant in urine following ketamine exposure. NK has been speculated to exert toxic effects in urothelial cells, similarly to ketamine. However, the molecular mechanisms contributing to NK-induced urothelial cytotoxicity are almost unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate the toxic effects of NK and the potential mechanisms underlying NK-induced urothelial cell injury. In this study, NK exposure significantly reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis in human urinary bladder epithelial-derived RT4 cells that NK (0.01–0.5 mM) exhibited greater cytotoxicity than ketamine (0.1–3 mM). Signals of mitochondrial dysfunction, including mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) loss and cytosolic cytochrome c release, were found to be involved in NK-induced cell apoptosis and death. NK exposure of cells also triggered the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related proteins including GRP78, CHOP, XBP-1, ATF-4 and -6, caspase-12, PERK, eIF-2α, and IRE-1. Pretreatment with 4-phenylbutyric acid (an ER stress inhibitor) markedly prevented the expression of ER stress-related proteins and apoptotic events in NK-exposed cells. Additionally, NK exposure significantly activated JNK, ERK1/2, and p38 signaling and increased intracellular calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]i). Pretreatment of cells with both PD98059 (an ERK1/2 inhibitor) and BAPTA/AM (a cell-permeable Ca2+ chelator), but not SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor) and SB203580 (a p38 inhibitor), effectively suppressed NK-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, ER stress-related signals, and apoptotic events. The elevation of [Ca2+]i in NK-exposed cells could be obviously inhibited by BAPTA/AM, but not PD98059. Taken together, these findings suggest that NK exposure exerts urothelial cytotoxicity via a [Ca2+]i-regulated ERK1/2 activation, which is involved in downstream mediation of the mitochondria-dependent and ER stress-triggered apoptotic pathway, consequently resulting in urothelial cell death. Our findings suggest that regulating [Ca2+]i/ERK signaling pathways may be a promising strategy for treatment of NK-induced urothelial cystitis.
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Cao L, Du J, Nie Z, Jia R, Yin G, Xu P, Ding W, Xu G. Alteration of endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation and anti-oxidative status in cyclophosphamide-damaged liver of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 254:109271. [PMID: 35033631 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is a common immunosuppressant, and it can also results in liver injury in human and animals. In this study, the CTX-induced liver injury mechanism in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was investigated by studying alteration of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), inflammation and anti-oxidative status. Tilapia was intraperitoneally injected CTX at the doses of 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg·kg-1, and the blood and liver tissues were collected. The results showed that CTX administration had a significant cytotoxicity on hepatocytes, and increased the liver index. The extensive vacuolar degeneration, unclear cell outline and other histological lesions were also observed. CTX administration markedly decreased the antioxidant ability and enhanced lipid peroxidation in liver. Furthermore, qPCR data showed that CTX administration at 50-100 mg·kg-1 up-regulated gene expressions of cyp1a, cyp2k1 and cyp3a, and inflammatory response-related genes including rel, relb, nfκb1, il-6, il-8, il-10 and tnf-α. CTX significantly promoted the mRNA levels of ERS-related genes (eif2α, crt, parp1, grp78, ire1, xbp1s and chop) in a dose dependent manner. Additionally, CTX injection at 75-100 mg·kg-1 could down-regulate gene expressions of anti-oxidative status including nrf2, ucp2, ho-1, gpx3, gstα and cat. Overall results suggested CTX injection induced liver damage which was related to the cytotoxic effect on hepatocytes, decrease of antioxidant capacity, inflammatory response and ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jinliang Du
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Zhijuan Nie
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Rui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Guojun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Weidong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Gangchun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
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Zhang H, Zhao J, Lu Q, Sun B, Liu X, Yang C, Li S, Li L, Yi S, Yang Z, Xu J. Luteolin Improves Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cystitis through TXNIP/NLRP3 and NF- κB Pathways. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2021; 2021:1718709. [PMID: 34804174 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1718709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic cystitis is an important complication of cyclophosphamide chemotherapy, and current therapies for the disease are limited. The natural flavonoid luteolin (LUT) has significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, but its protective effect on cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced bladder toxicity has yet to be evaluated. This study aims to explore the protective effect of LUT on CYP-induced acute cystitis in rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the control (CON) group, CON + LUT group, CYP group, and CYP + LUT group. A single intraperitoneal injection of CYP was administered to establish an acute hemorrhagic cystitis model. HE staining was performed to detect the degree of bladder tissue damage, and TUNEL staining was performed to count apoptotic cells. Oxidative stress indicators were measured using commercial kits, and bladder surgery was performed to assess urinary function. The levels of inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis-related indicators, TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway, and NF-κB pathway were detected by western blot. We found that LUT treatment reduced bladder bleeding, congestion, and edema caused by CYP. Compared with the CYP + LUT group, the level of apoptosis was more highly expressed in the CYP group. We also found that caspase-3, caspase-8, and Bax were significantly upregulated and Bcl-2 was downregulated after LUT treatment. In addition, LUT inhibited the activation of NF-κB signal pathway in the rat bladder tissue after CYP exposure. LUT treatment can also reduce the NLRP3 inflammasome (NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1) and TXNIP in the bladder. Finally, LUT can reduce the increase in the urination frequency and maximum urination pressure caused by cystitis. These results indicate that LUT displays effective anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic properties in CYP-induced acute hemorrhagic cystitis rats by inhibiting the TXNIP/NLRP3 and NF-κB pathways. LUT may be a potent therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of hemorrhagic cystitis.
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Abstract
Melatonin is a hormone that has many body functions and, for several decades, its antioxidant potential has been increasingly talked about. There is a relationship between failure in melatonin production in the pineal gland, an insufficient supply of this hormone to the body, and the occurrence of free radical etiology diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer and others. Despite the development of molecular biology, numerous in vitro and in vivo studies, the exact mechanism of melatonin antioxidant activity is still unknown. Nowadays, the use of melatonin supplementation is more and more common, not only to prevent insomnia, but also to slow down the aging process and provide protection against diseases. The aim of this study is to get acquainted with current reports on melatonin, antioxidative mechanisms and their importance in diseases of free radical etiology.
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Taidi Z, Zhou T, Moore KH, Mansfield KJ, Liu L. P2X7 Receptor Blockade Protects Against Acrolein-Induced Bladder Damage: A Potential New Therapeutic Approach for the Treatment of Bladder Inflammatory Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:682520. [PMID: 34456718 PMCID: PMC8397461 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.682520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory conditions of the urinary bladder have been shown to be associated with urothelial damage and loss of function. The purinergic P2X7 receptor has been implicated in several inflammatory conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the P2X7 receptor in acrolein-induced inflammatory damage using the porcine urinary bladder. For this purpose, an ex-vivo model of porcine urothelial damage induced by direct instillation of acrolein into the whole bladder lumen was used. To determine the role of the P2X7 receptor, the bladders were pre-incubated with a selective P2X7 receptor antagonist, A804598 (10 μM), for 1 h. The effects of the acrolein-induced urothelial damage on the bladder’s function were assessed by examining the bladder wall contractile response, structure changes, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in the bladder tissues. The acrolein treatment led to significant damage to the urothelium histology, tight junction expression, and contractile responses. Acrolein also induced apoptosis in the mucosa layer. All these acrolein-induced responses were attenuated by pre-treatment with the P2X7 receptor antagonist A804598. Acrolein also significantly induced DNA oxidation in the submucosal layer; however, the P2X7 receptor antagonism did not show any protective effect towards the acrolein-induced oxidative stress. These findings suggested that the P2X7 receptor is involved in the acrolein-induced damage to the urothelium; therefore, the P2X7 receptor antagonists may be a new therapeutic option for the treatment of bladder inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhinoos Taidi
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tommy Zhou
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate H Moore
- St George Hospital, UNSW Sydney, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
| | - Kylie J Mansfield
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Guo S, Yang J, Qin J, Qazi IH, Pan B, Zang S, Lv T, Deng S, Fang Y, Zhou G. Melatonin Promotes In Vitro Maturation of Vitrified-Warmed Mouse Germinal Vesicle Oocytes, Potentially by Reducing Oxidative Stress through the Nrf2 Pathway. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2324. [PMID: 34438783 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cryopreservation of oocytes can cause high oxidative stress, reduce the quality of vitrified-warmed oocytes, and seriously hinder the application of oocyte cryopreservation technology in production and medicine. In this work, we found for the first time that melatonin can exert antioxidant effects through receptors and regulate the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway to respond to oxidative stress of vitrified-warmed oocytes, thereby improving both oocyte quality and the potential for subsequent development. The results illustrated the molecular mechanism of melatonin’s antioxidant effect in vitrified-warmed oocytes and provided a theoretical basis for the application of melatonin in the cryopreservation of oocytes. These findings are of great significance for the further application of oocyte cryopreservation technology to production and assisted reproduction in the future. Abstract Previously it was reported that melatonin could mitigate oxidative stress caused by oocyte cryopreservation; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms which cause this remain unclear. The objective was to explore whether melatonin could reduce oxidative stress during in vitro maturation of vitrified-warmed mouse germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes through the Nrf2 signaling pathway or its receptors. During in vitro maturation of vitrified-warmed mouse GV oocytes, there were decreases (p < 0.05) in the development rates of metaphase I (MI) oocytes and metaphase II (MII) and spindle morphology grades; increases (p < 0.05) in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels; and decreases (p < 0.05) in expressions of Nrf2 signaling pathway-related genes (Nrf2, SOD1) and proteins (Nrf2, HO-1). However, adding 10−7 mol/L melatonin to both the warming solution and maturation solutions improved (p < 0.05) these indicators. When the Nrf2 protein was specifically inhibited by Brusatol, melatonin did not increase development rates, spindle morphology grades, genes, or protein expressions, nor did it reduce vitrification-induced intracellular oxidative stress in GV oocytes during in vitro maturation. In addition, when melatonin receptors were inhibited by luzindole, the ability of melatonin to scavenge intracellular ROS was decreased, and the expressions of genes (Nrf2, SOD1) and proteins (Nrf2, HO-1) were not restored to control levels. Therefore, we concluded that 10−7 mol/L melatonin acted on the Nrf2 signaling pathway through its receptors to regulate the expression of genes (Nrf2, SOD1) and proteins (Nrf2, HO-1), and mitigate intracellular oxidative stress, thereby enhancing in vitro development of vitrified-warmed mouse GV oocytes.
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DiNicolantonio JJ, McCarty MF, Barroso-Aranda J, Assanga S, Lujan LML, O'Keefe JH. A nutraceutical strategy for downregulating TGFβ signalling: prospects for prevention of fibrotic disorders, including post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis. Open Heart 2021; 8:openhrt-2021-001663. [PMID: 33879509 PMCID: PMC8061562 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2021-001663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James J DiNicolantonio
- Preventive Cardiology, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | - Simon Assanga
- Department of Research and Postgraduate Studies in Food, University of Sonora, Sonora, Mexico
| | | | - James H O'Keefe
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, Saint Lukes Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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15
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ÇETİK YILDIZ S, KESKİN C, ŞAHİNTÜRK V, AYHANCI A. Wistar albino sıçanlarında Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra. tohum metanol ekstraktlarının siklofosfamid-nedenli mesane hemorajik sistiti ve nefrotoksisitesi üzerine üroprotektif etkilerinin incelenmesi. Cukurova Medical Journal 2020. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.730817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is a neuropathological condition with abnormal accumulation of extracellular Amyloid-β plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of Microtubule-associated protein Tau (Tau) in the brain. In pathological conditions, Tau undergoes post-translational modifications such as hyperphosphorylation by the activity of cellular kinases, which eventually leads to protein aggregation in neurons. Melatonin is a neuro-hormone that is mainly secreted from the pineal gland and functions to modulate the cellular kinases. In our study, we have checked the neuroprotective function of Melatonin by MTT and LDH assay, where Melatonin inhibited the Tau aggregates-mediated cytotoxicity and membrane leakage in Neuro2A cells. The potency of Melatonin has also been studied for the quenching of intracellular reactive oxygen species level by DCFDA assay and caspase 3 activity. Melatonin was shown to reduce the GSK3β mRNA and subsequent protein level as well as the phospho-Tau level (pThr181 and pThr212-pSer214) in okadaic acid-induced Neuro2A cells, as observed by western blot and immunofluorescence assay. Further, Melatonin has increased the cellular Nrf2 level and its nuclear translocation as an oxidative stress response in Tauopathy. The Melatonin was found to induce pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines levels in N9 microglia. The mRNA level of cellular kinases such as as-GSK3β, MAPK were also studied by qRT-PCR assay in Tau-exposed N9 and Neuro2A cells. The immunomodulatory effect of Melatonin was evident as it induced IL-10 and TGF-β cytokine levels and activated MAP3K level in Tau-exposed microglia and neurons, respectively. Melatonin also downregulated the mRNA level of pro-inflammatory markers, IL-1β and Cyclooxygenase-2 in N9 microglia. Together, these findings suggest that Melatonin remediated the cytokine profile of Tau-exposed microglia, reduced Tau hyperphosphorylation by downregulating GSK3β level, and alleviated oxidative stress via Nrf2 nuclear translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Das
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, 201002 Ghaziabad, India
| | - Abhishek Ankur Balmik
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, 201002 Ghaziabad, India
| | - Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, 201002 Ghaziabad, India
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Xue R, Du M, Zhou TY, Ai WZ, Zhang ZS, Xiang XW, Zhou YF, Wen ZS. Polysaccharides from Hemp Seed Protect against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Intestinal Oxidative Damage via Nrf2-Keap1 Signaling Pathway in Mice. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2020; 2020:1813798. [PMID: 32908623 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1813798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hemp seed has been used as a traditional oriental medicine and health food in China for centuries. Polysaccharides from hemp seed (HSP) exhibit important properties of intestinal protection, but there are limited data on the specific underlying mechanism. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the protective effect of HSP on intestinal oxidative damage induced by cyclophosphamide (Cy) in mice. The results showed that pretreatment with HSP significantly increased the average daily gain, thymus index, spleen index, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in serum and ileal homogenate and significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content in ileal homogenate. In addition, the expression levels of SOD, GSH-Px, Nrf2, heme oxidase-1 (HO-1), and quinoneoxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) mRNA in ileal homogenate were significantly increased. Western blot results showed that HSP significantly upregulated the expression of Nrf2 protein and downregulated the expression of Keap1 protein in the ileum. Collectively, our findings indicated that HSP had protective effects on intestinal oxidative damage induced by Cy in mice, and its mechanism might be related to the activation of Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway.
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18
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Proshkina E, Shaposhnikov M, Moskalev A. Genome-Protecting Compounds as Potential Geroprotectors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4484. [PMID: 32599754 PMCID: PMC7350017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout life, organisms are exposed to various exogenous and endogenous factors that cause DNA damages and somatic mutations provoking genomic instability. At a young age, compensatory mechanisms of genome protection are activated to prevent phenotypic and functional changes. However, the increasing stress and age-related deterioration in the functioning of these mechanisms result in damage accumulation, overcoming the functional threshold. This leads to aging and the development of age-related diseases. There are several ways to counteract these changes: 1) prevention of DNA damage through stimulation of antioxidant and detoxification systems, as well as transition metal chelation; 2) regulation of DNA methylation, chromatin structure, non-coding RNA activity and prevention of nuclear architecture alterations; 3) improving DNA damage response and repair; 4) selective removal of damaged non-functional and senescent cells. In the article, we have reviewed data about the effects of various trace elements, vitamins, polyphenols, terpenes, and other phytochemicals, as well as a number of synthetic pharmacological substances in these ways. Most of the compounds demonstrate the geroprotective potential and increase the lifespan in model organisms. However, their genome-protecting effects are non-selective and often are conditioned by hormesis. Consequently, the development of selective drugs targeting genome protection is an advanced direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Proshkina
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Mikhail Shaposhnikov
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Ma Z, Xu L, Liu D, Zhang X, Di S, Li W, Zhang J, Reiter RJ, Han J, Li X, Yan X. Utilizing Melatonin to Alleviate Side Effects of Chemotherapy: A Potentially Good Partner for Treating Cancer with Ageing. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2020; 2020:6841581. [PMID: 32566095 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6841581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Persistent senescence seems to exert detrimental effects fostering ageing and age-related disorders, such as cancer. Chemotherapy is one of the most valuable treatments for cancer, but its clinical application is limited due to adverse side effects. Melatonin is a potent antioxidant and antiageing molecule, is nontoxic, and enhances the efficacy and reduces the side effects of chemotherapy. In this review, we first summarize the mitochondrial protective role of melatonin in the context of chemotherapeutic drug-induced toxicity. Thereafter, we tabulate the protective actions of melatonin against ageing and the harmful roles induced by chemotherapy and chemotherapeutic agents, including anthracyclines, alkylating agents, platinum, antimetabolites, mitotic inhibitors, and molecular-targeted agents. Finally, we discuss several novel directions for future research in this area. The information compiled in this review will provide a comprehensive reference for the protective activities of melatonin in the context of chemotherapy drug-induced toxicity and will contribute to the design of future studies and increase the potential of melatonin as a therapeutic agent.
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20
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Ayza MA, Zewdie KA, Tesfaye BA, Wondafrash DZ, Berhe AH. The Role of Antioxidants in Ameliorating Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2020; 2020:4965171. [PMID: 32454939 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4965171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The chemotherapeutic and immunosuppressive agent cyclophosphamide has previously been shown to induce complications within the setting of bone marrow transplantation. More recently, cardiotoxicity has been shown to be a dose-limiting factor during cyclophosphamide therapy, and cardiooncology is getting wider attention. Though mechanism of cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity is not completely understood, it is thought to encompass oxidative and nitrative stress. As such, this review focuses on antioxidants and their role in preventing or ameliorating cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity. It will give special emphasis to the cardioprotective effects of natural, plant-derived antioxidants that have garnered significant interest in recent times.
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21
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Sheng Y, Chen YJ, Qian ZM, Zheng J, Liu Y. Cyclophosphamide induces a significant increase in iron content in the liver and spleen of mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 39:973-983. [PMID: 32129080 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120909880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Oxidative stress is one of the major mechanisms of cyclophosphamide (CPX)-induced toxicities. However, it is unknown how CPX induces oxidative stress. Based on the available information, we speculated that CPX could increase iron content in the tissues and then induce oxidative stress. Method: We tested this hypothesis by investigating the effects of CPX on iron and ferritin contents, expression of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), ferroportin 1 (Fpn1), iron regulatory proteins (IRPs), hepcidin, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) in the liver and spleen, and also on reticulocyte count, immature reticulocyte fraction, and hemoglobin (Hb) in the blood in c57/B6 mouse. Results: We demonstrated that CPX could induce a significant increase in iron contents and ferritin expression in the liver and spleen, notably inhibit erythropoiesis and Hb synthesis and lead to a reduction in iron usage. The reduced expression in TfR1 and Fpn1 is a secondary effect of CPX-induced iron accumulation in the liver and spleen and also partly associated with the suppressed IRP/iron-responsive element system, upregulation of hepcidin, and downregulation of Nrf2. Conclusions: The reduced iron usage is one of the causes for iron overload in the liver and spleen and the increased tissue iron might be one of the mechanisms for CPX to induce oxidative stress and toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sheng
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y-J Chen
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Z-M Qian
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Translational & Precision Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - J Zheng
- Institute of Translational & Precision Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Pain and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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22
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Pipová Kokošová N, Kisková T, Vilhanová K, Štafuriková A, Jendželovský R, Račeková E, Šmajda B. Melatonin mitigates hippocampal and cognitive impairments caused by prenatal irradiation. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:3575-3594. [PMID: 31985866 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Formation of new neurons and glial cells in the brain is taking place in mammals not only during prenatal embryogenesis but also during adult life. As an enhancer of oxidative stress, ionizing radiation represents a potent inhibitor of neurogenesis and gliogenesis in the brain. It is known that the pineal hormone melatonin is a potent free radical scavenger and counteracts inflammation and apoptosis in brain injuries. The aim of our study was to establish the effects of melatonin on cells in the hippocampus and selected forms of behaviour in prenatally irradiated rats. The male progeny of irradiated (1 Gy of gamma rays; n = 38) and sham-irradiated mothers (n = 19), aged 3 weeks or 2 months, were used in the experiment. Melatonin was administered daily in drinking water (4 mg/kg b. w.) to a subset of animals from each age group. Prenatal irradiation markedly suppressed proliferative activity in the dentate gyrus in both age groups. Melatonin significantly increased the number of proliferative BrdU-positive cells in hilus of young irradiated animals, and the number of mature NeuN-positive neurons in hilus and granular cell layer of the dentate gyrus in these rats and in CA1 region of adult irradiated rats. Moreover, melatonin significantly improved the spatial memory impaired by irradiation, assessed in Morris water maze. A significant correlation between the number of proliferative cells and cognitive performances was found, too. Our study indicates that melatonin may decrease the loss of hippocampal neurons in the CA1 region and improve cognitive abilities after irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Pipová Kokošová
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Terézia Kisková
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarína Vilhanová
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrea Štafuriková
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Rastislav Jendželovský
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Enikő Račeková
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Beňadik Šmajda
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
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Ekiz Yılmaz T, Taşdemir M, Kaya M, Arıcan N, Ahıshalı B. The effects of magnesium sulfate on cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian damage: Folliculogenesis. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151470. [PMID: 31812447 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.151470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is one of the alkylating chemotherapeutic agents and its adverse effects on folliculogenesis in the ovary are well-known due to the previous scientific research on this topic. Magnesium has various effects in organisms, including catalytic functions on the activation and inhibition of many enzymes, and regulatory functions on cell proliferation, cell cycle, and differentiation. In this study, the effects of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) on CYP induced ovarian damage were investigated. Immature Wistar-Albino female rats of 28-days were treated with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) to develop the first generation of preovulatory follicles. Rats of the experimental groups were then treated with either CYP (100 mg/kg, i.p) and MgSO4 (270 mg/kg loading dose; 27 mg/kg maintenance doseX12, i.p) solely or in combination. Following in-vivo 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling, animals were sacrificed and ovaries were embedded in paraffin and Epon. In the ovaries, added to the evaluation of general morphology and follicle count; BrdU and TUNEL-labeling, cleaved caspase-3 and p27 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor) staining was also performed immunohistochemically and an ultrastructural evaluation was performed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The number of primordial follicles were decreased and multilaminar primary and atretic follicles were increased in CYP group. After MgSO4 treatment, while primordial follicle pool were elevated, the number of atretic follicles were decreased. Additionally, decreased BrdU-labeling, increased cleaved caspase 3 immunoreactivity and increased TUNEL labeling were observed in CYP group. In CYP treated animals, observations showed that while MgSO4 administration caused no alterations in BrdU proliferation index and caspase-3 immunoreactivity, it significantly reduced the TUNEL labeling. It was also observed that, while p27 immunoreactivity significantly increased in the nuclei of granulosa and theca cells in the CYP group; MgSO4 treatment significantly reduced these immunoreactivities. The ultrastructural observations showed frequent apoptotic profiles in granulosa and theca cells in both early and advanced stages of follicles in the CYP group and the MgSO4 treatment before the CYP application led to ultrastructural alleviation of the apoptotic process. In conclusion, our data suggest that MgSO4 may provide an option of pharmacologic treatment for fertility preservation owing to the beneficial effects of on chemotherapy-induced accelerated follicular apoptotic process, and the protection of the primordial follicle pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğba Ekiz Yılmaz
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul 34093, Turkey.
| | - Müge Taşdemir
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul 34093, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Kaya
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul 34093, Turkey.
| | - Nadir Arıcan
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Istanbul 34093, Turkey.
| | - Bülent Ahıshalı
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul 34093, Turkey.
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Morris G, Puri BK, Walker AJ, Maes M, Carvalho AF, Walder K, Mazza C, Berk M. Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: From pathophysiological insights to novel therapeutic opportunities. Pharmacol Res 2019; 148:104450. [PMID: 31509764 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) or chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a common and disabling condition with a paucity of effective and evidence-based therapies, reflecting a major unmet need. Cognitive behavioural therapy and graded exercise are of modest benefit for only some ME/CFS patients, and many sufferers report aggravation of symptoms of fatigue with exercise. The presence of a multiplicity of pathophysiological abnormalities in at least the subgroup of people with ME/CFS diagnosed with the current international consensus "Fukuda" criteria, points to numerous potential therapeutic targets. Such abnormalities include extensive data showing that at least a subgroup has a pro-inflammatory state, increased oxidative and nitrosative stress, disruption of gut mucosal barriers and mitochondrial dysfunction together with dysregulated bioenergetics. In this paper, these pathways are summarised, and data regarding promising therapeutic options that target these pathways are highlighted; they include coenzyme Q10, melatonin, curcumin, molecular hydrogen and N-acetylcysteine. These data are promising yet preliminary, suggesting hopeful avenues to address this major unmet burden of illness.
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Ahmadi Z, Ashrafizadeh M. Melatonin as a potential modulator of Nrf2. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2019; 34:11-19. [PMID: 31283051 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is considered as the sensor of oxidative stress, and the main aim of this signaling pathway is to maintain physiological condition by induction of redox balance. Also, this pathway exerts anti-inflammatory effects via antioxidant response element. Oxidative stress is a key factor in a variety of pathological conditions and high level of oxidative stress is associated with damages in lipids, proteins, genetic material, and cell membrane. Multiple drugs have been developed in order to diminish oxidative stress. However, synthetic drugs suffer from various drawbacks such as high cost and side effects. On the other hand, naturally occurring compounds are of interest due to their minimal side effects and valuable biological activities. Melatonin is a hormone of pineal gland which is found in different plants. This compound has a variety of favorable biological and therapeutic activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, and cardioprotection. At the present review, we demonstrate that Nrf2 signaling pathway explains some of the therapeutic and biological effects of melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ahmadi
- Department of basic science, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad university, Shoushtar, 5563584, Iran
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of basic science, Faculty of veterinary medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 1455742, Iran
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Amini P, Mirtavoos-Mahyari H, Motevaseli E, Shabeeb D, Musa AE, Cheki M, Farhood B, Yahyapour R, Shirazi A, Goushbolagh NA, Najafi M. Mechanisms for Radioprotection by Melatonin; Can it be Used as a Radiation Countermeasure? Curr Mol Pharmacol 2019; 12:2-11. [PMID: 30073934 DOI: 10.2174/1874467211666180802164449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin is a natural body product that has shown potent antioxidant property against various toxic agents. For more than two decades, the abilities of melatonin as a potent radioprotector against toxic effects of ionizing radiation (IR) have been proved. However, in the recent years, several studies have been conducted to illustrate how melatonin protects normal cells against IR. Studies proposed that melatonin is able to directly neutralize free radicals produced by IR, leading to the production of some low toxic products. DISCUSSION Moreover, melatonin affects several signaling pathways, such as inflammatory responses, antioxidant defense, DNA repair response enzymes, pro-oxidant enzymes etc. Animal studies have confirmed that melatonin is able to alleviate radiation-induced cell death via inhibiting pro-apoptosis and upregulation of anti-apoptosis genes. These properties are very interesting for clinical radiotherapy applications, as well as mitigation of radiation injury in a possible radiation disaster. An interesting property of melatonin is mitochondrial ROS targeting that has been proposed as a strategy for mitigating effects in radiosensitive organs, such as bone marrow, gastrointestinal system and lungs. However, there is a need to prove the mitigatory effects of melatonin in experimental studies. CONCLUSION In this review, we aim to clarify the molecular mechanisms of radioprotective effects of melatonin, as well as possible applications as a radiation countermeasure in accidental exposure or nuclear/radiological disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Amini
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanifeh Mirtavoos-Mahyari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Motevaseli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dheyauldeen Shabeeb
- Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Eleojo Musa
- Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Cheki
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Yahyapour
- Department of Medical School, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Alireza Shirazi
- Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nouraddin Abdi Goushbolagh
- Department of medical Physics, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Aliasgharzadeh A, Farhood B, Amini P, Saffar H, Motevaseli E, Rezapoor S, Nouruzi F, Shabeeb DH, Eleojo Musa A, Mohseni M, Moradi H, Najafi M. Melatonin Attenuates Upregulation of Duox1 and Duox2 and Protects against Lung Injury following Chest Irradiation in Rats. Cell J 2019; 21:236-242. [PMID: 31210428 PMCID: PMC6582421 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2019.6207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective The Lung is one of the most radiosensitive organs of the body. The infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes
into the lung is mediated via the stimulation of T-helper 2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13, which play a key role in the
development of fibrosis. It is likely that these cytokines induce chronic oxidative damage and inflammation through the
upregulation of Duox1, and Duox2, which can increase the risk of late effects of ionizing radiation (IR) such as fibrosis and
carcinogenesis. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the possible increase of IL-4 and IL-13 levels, as well as their
downstream genes such as IL4ra1, IL13ra2, Duox1, and Duox2.
Materials and Methods In this experimental animal study, male rats were divided into 4 groups: i. Control, ii. Melatonin-
treated, iii. Radiation, and iv. Melatonin (100 mg/kg) plus radiation. Rats were irradiated with 15 Gy 60Co gamma rays and
then sacrificed after 67 days. The expressions of IL4ra1, IL13ra2, Duox1, and Duox2, as well as the levels of IL-4 and IL-13,
were evaluated. The histopathological changes such as the infiltration of inflammatory cells, edema, and fibrosis were also
examined. Moreover, the protective effect of melatonin on these parameters was also determined.
Results Results showed a 1.5-fold increase in the level of IL-4, a 5-fold increase in the expression of IL4ra1, and
a 3-fold increase in the expressions of Duox1, and Duox2. However, results showed no change for IL-13 and no
detectable expression of IL13ra2. This was associated with increased infiltration of macrophages, lymphocytes, and
mast cells. Melatonin treatment before irradiation completely reversed these changes.
Conclusion This study has shown the upregulation of IL-4-IL4ra1-Duox2 signaling pathway following lung irradiation. It
is possible that melatonin protects against IR-induced lung injury via the downregulation of this pathway and attenuation of
inflammatory cells infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Aliasgharzadeh
- Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Peyman Amini
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hana Saffar
- Clinical and Anatomical Pathologist at Tehran University of Medical Science, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Motevaseli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Rezapoor
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Nouruzi
- Department of Medical Radiation Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - D Heyauldeen Shabeeb
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International Campus), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Eleojo Musa
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International Campus), Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International Campus), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Mohseni
- Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Habiballah Moradi
- Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Electronic Address:
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ALHaithloul HA, Alotaibi MF, Bin-Jumah M, Elgebaly H, Mahmoud AM. Olea europaea leaf extract up-regulates Nrf2/ARE/HO-1 signaling and attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in rat kidney. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:676-685. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Pérez-González A, Castañeda-Arriaga R, Álvarez-Idaboy JR, Reiter RJ, Galano A. Melatonin and its metabolites as chemical agents capable of directly repairing oxidized DNA. J Pineal Res 2019; 66:e12539. [PMID: 30417425 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress mediates chemical damage to DNA yielding a wide variety of products. In this work, the potential capability of melatonin and several of its metabolites to repair directly (chemically) oxidative lesions in DNA was explored. It was found that all the investigated molecules are capable of repairing guanine-centered radical cations by electron transfer at very high rates, that is, diffusion-limited. They are also capable of repairing C-centered radicals in the sugar moiety of 2'-deoxyguanosine (2dG) by hydrogen atom transfer. Although this was identified as a rather slow process, with rate constants ranging from 1.75 to 5.32 × 102 M-1 s-1 , it is expected to be fast enough to prevent propagation of the DNA damage. Melatonin metabolites 6-hydroxymelatonin (6OHM) and 4-hydroxymelatonin (4OHM) are also predicted to repair OH adducts in the imidazole ring. In particular, the rate constants corresponding to the repair of 8-OH-G adducts were found to be in the order of 104 M-1 s-1 and are assisted by a water molecule. The results presented here strongly suggest that the role of melatonin in preventing DNA damage might be mediated by its capability, combined with that of its metabolites, to directly repair oxidized sites in DNA through different chemical routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Pérez-González
- CONACYT, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Iztapalapa, Iztapalapa, México City, México
| | - Romina Castañeda-Arriaga
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Iztapalapa, México City, México
| | - Juan Raúl Álvarez-Idaboy
- Departamento de Física y Química Teórica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Annia Galano
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Iztapalapa, México City, México
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Iqubal A, Iqubal MK, Sharma S, Ansari MA, Najmi AK, Ali SM, Ali J, Haque SE. Molecular mechanism involved in cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity: Old drug with a new vision. Life Sci 2018; 218:112-131. [PMID: 30552952 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an important anticancer drug which belongs to the class of alkylating agent. Cyclophosphamide is mostly used in bone marrow transplantation, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, neuroblastoma and other types of cancer. Dose-related cardiotoxicity is a limiting factor for its use. CP-induced cardiotoxicity ranges from 7 to 28% and mortality ranges from 11 to 43% at the therapeutic dose of 170-180 mg/kg, i.v. CP undergoes hepatic metabolism that results in the production of aldophosphamide. Aldophosphamide decomposes into phosphoramide mustard & acrolein. Phosphoramide is an active neoplastic agent, and acrolein is a toxic metabolite which acts on the myocardium and endothelial cells. This is the first review article that talks about cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity and the different signaling pathways involved in its pathogenicity. Based on the available literature, CP is accountable for cardiomyocytes energy pool alteration by affecting the heart fatty acid binding proteins (H-FABP). CP has been found associated with cardiomyocytes apoptosis, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, calcium dysregulation, endoplasmic reticulum damage, and mitochondrial damage. Molecular mechanism of cardiotoxicity has been discussed in detail through crosstalk of Nrf2/ARE, Akt/GSK-3β/NFAT/calcineurin, p53/p38MAPK, NF-kB/TLR-4, and Phospholamban/SERCA-2a signaling pathway. Based on the available literature we support the fact that metabolites of CP are responsible for cardiotoxicity due to depletion of antioxidants/ATP level, altered contractility, damaged endothelium and enhanced pro-inflammatory/pro-apoptotic activities resulting into cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Dose adjustment, elimination/excretion of acrolein and maintenance of endogenous antioxidant pool could be the therapeutic approach to mitigate the toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Kashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Sumit Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohd Asif Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Abul Kalam Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Syed Mansoor Ali
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia,110025 New Delhi, India
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Syed Ehtaishamul Haque
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Sheth VG, Navik U, Maremanda KP, Jena G. Effect of diethyldithiocarbamate in cyclophosphamide-induced nephrotoxicity: Immunohistochemical study of superoxide dismutase 1 in rat. Indian J Pharmacol 2018; 50:4-11. [PMID: 29861522 PMCID: PMC5954632 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_850_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the role of diethyldithiocarbamate (DEDTC) in cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced nephrotoxicity in Sprague–Dawley rat. DEDTC is a known chelating agent for copper and zinc. It is also used as a thiol protecting agent, as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells inhibitor and nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. It is also reported to inhibit superoxide dismutase (SOD) both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Considering this wide range of actions, current study investigated the role of DEDTC in CP-induced nephrotoxicity in experimental rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two male rats were randomized into four groups. Group 1, control received only saline ip; Group 2 and 4, received CP at the dose of 150 mg/kg body weight ip on the 4th day, while Group 3 and 4, received DEDTC at the dose of 250 mg/kg alternatively (fractionated dose of 1000 mg/kg). All the experimental animals were sacrificed on the 7th day and organs of interest were collected for biochemical, histopathological, DNA damage, and immunohistochemical assessments. RESULTS: DEDTC administration was found to further exacerbate the condition of CP-induced kidney damage as assessed by several biochemical and histological parameters. Further, the damage was also significantly reflected in the bladder in DEDTC-treated animals as compared to controls. SOD1 (Cu/Zn- dependent enzyme) expression was found to be decreased and this might be due to the action of DEDTC on SOD and other antioxidants. CONCLUSION: The present study indicates that DEDTC administration further exacerbated the CP-induced kidney damage in rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav G Sheth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Umashanker Navik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Krishna Prahlad Maremanda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Gopabandhu Jena
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
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Hobson SR, Gurusinghe S, Lim R, Alers NO, Miller SL, Kingdom JC, Wallace EM. Melatonin improves endothelial function in vitro and prolongs pregnancy in women with early-onset preeclampsia. J Pineal Res 2018; 65:e12508. [PMID: 29766570 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia remains a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. There have been no material advances in the treatment of preeclampsia for nearly 50 years. Combining in vitro studies and a clinical trial, we aimed to determine whether melatonin could be a useful adjuvant therapy. In a xanthine/xanthine oxidase (X/XO) placental explant model, melatonin reduced oxidative stress (8-isoprostane) and enhanced antioxidant markers (Nrf2 translocation, HO-1), but did not affect explant production of anti-angiogenic factors (sFlt, sEng, activin A). In cultured HUVECs, melatonin mitigated TNFα-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule expression and rescued the subsequent disruption to endothelial monolayer integrity but did not affect other markers for endothelial activation and dysfunction. In a phase I trial of melatonin in 20 women with preeclampsia, we assessed the safety and efficacy of melatonin on (i) preeclampsia progression, (ii) clinical outcomes, and (iii) oxidative stress, matching outcomes with recent historical controls receiving similar care. Melatonin therapy was safe for mothers and their fetuses. Compared to controls, melatonin administration extended the mean ± SEM diagnosis to delivery interval by 6 ± 2.3 days reduced the need for increasing antihypertensive medication on days 3-4 (13% vs 71%), days 6-7 (8% vs 51%), and at delivery (26% vs 75%). All other clinical and biochemical measures of disease severity were unaffected by melatonin. We have shown that melatonin has the potential to mitigate maternal endothelial pro-oxidant injury and could therefore provide effective adjuvant therapy to extend pregnancy duration to deliver improved clinical outcomes for women with severe preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian R Hobson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
- Women's Health Program, Monash Health, Clayton, Vic., Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Seshi Gurusinghe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Rebecca Lim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Nicole O Alers
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - John C Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Euan M Wallace
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The blood-brain barrier acts as a highly regulated interface; its dysfunction may exacerbate, and perhaps initiate, neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. METHODS In this narrative review, focussing on redox, inflammatory and mitochondrial pathways and their effects on the blood-brain barrier, a model is proposed detailing mechanisms which might explain how increases in blood-brain barrier permeability occur and can be maintained with increasing inflammatory and oxidative and nitrosative stress being the initial drivers. RESULTS Peripheral inflammation, which is causatively implicated in the pathogenesis of major psychiatric disorders, is associated with elevated peripheral pro-inflammatory cytokines, which in turn cause increased blood-brain barrier permeability. Reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide, and reactive nitrogen species, such as nitric oxide and peroxynitrite, play essential roles in normal brain capillary endothelial cell functioning; however, chronically elevated oxidative and nitrosative stress can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and damage to the blood-brain barrier. Activated microglia, redox control of which is mediated by nitric oxide synthases and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, secrete neurotoxic molecules such as reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, prostaglandin, cyclooxygenase-2, quinolinic acid, several chemokines (including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1], C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 [CXCL-1] and macrophage inflammatory protein 1α [MIP-1α]) and the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β, which can exert a detrimental effect on blood-brain barrier integrity and function. Similarly, reactive astrocytes produce neurotoxic molecules such as prostaglandin E2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which can cause a 'leaky brain'. CONCLUSION Chronic inflammatory and oxidative and nitrosative stress is associated with the development of a 'leaky gut'. The following evidence-based approaches, which address the leaky gut and blood-brain barrier dysfunction, are suggested as potential therapeutic interventions for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders: melatonin, statins, probiotics containing Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, N-acetylcysteine, and prebiotics containing fructo-oligosaccharides and galacto-oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- 1 IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University School of Medicine, and Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Brisa S Fernandes
- 1 IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University School of Medicine, and Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,2 Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Basant K Puri
- 3 Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Adam J Walker
- 1 IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University School of Medicine, and Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- 2 Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Berk
- 1 IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University School of Medicine, and Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,4 Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The Department of Psychiatry and The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Mishra KN, Moftah BA, Alsbeih GA. Appraisal of mechanisms of radioprotection and therapeutic approaches of radiation countermeasures. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:610-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Majidinia M, Reiter RJ, Shakouri SK, Mohebbi I, Rastegar M, Kaviani M, Darband SG, Jahanban-Esfahlan R, Nabavi SM, Yousefi B. The multiple functions of melatonin in regenerative medicine. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 45:33-52. [PMID: 29630951 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin research has been experiencing hyper growth in the last two decades; this relates to its numerous physiological functions including anti-inflammation, oncostasis, circadian and endocrine rhythm regulation, and its potent antioxidant activity. Recently, a large number of studies have focused on the role of melatonin in the regeneration of cells or tissues after their partial loss. In this review, we discuss the recent findings on the molecular involvement of melatonin in the regeneration of various tissues including the nervous system, liver, bone, kidney, bladder, skin, and muscle, among others.
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Sherif IO. Uroprotective mechanism of quercetin against cyclophosphamide-induced urotoxicity: Effect on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:7441-7448. [PMID: 29775228 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The urotoxicity is a common complication associated with patients receiving cyclophosphamide (CYP). This study was designed to investigate the uroprotective mechanism of quercetin (Quer) flavonoid against CYP induced urotoxicity via determination of oxidative stress markers as well as inflammatory mediators in bladder tissue. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups; Normal group: received saline for 10 days. Quer control group: received quercetin 50 mg/kg/day for 10 days. CYP group: received saline for 10 days and injected with a single dose of 150 mg/kg CYP intraperitoneal (i.p) at day 8. The Quer + CYP group: received Quer 50 mg/kg/day for 10 days plus CYP 150 mg/kg i.p. injection at day 8. The CYP injection produced a significant elevation in bladder contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO), and bladder protein levels and expressions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in addition to the upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) bladder gene expression. Also, CYP injection showed a marked reduction in bladder levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and IL-10 when compared with normal group. Moreover, histopathological examination of the bladder showed degenerative alterations, severe edema, and inflammation following CYP injection. Quer attenuated the biochemical markers and histopathological changes induced by CYP. The uroprotective effect of Quer was exerted by restoring the balance between oxidative/antioxidative status and pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman O Sherif
- Emergency Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Shen J, Wang G, Zuo J. Caffeic acid inhibits HCV replication via induction of IFNα antiviral response through p62-mediated Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Antiviral Res 2018; 154:166-173. [PMID: 29656059 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and its related liver disease have constituted a heavy burden worldwide. It had been reported that Drinking coffee could decrease mortality risk of HCV infected patients. Caffeic Acid (CA), the Coffee-related organic acid could inhibit HCV replication, however, the detailed mechanism of CA against HCV is unclear. In this study, we showed that CA could notably inhibit HCV replication. Mechanism study demonstrated that CA could induce HO-1 expression, which would trigger the IFNα antiviral response, and the antiviral effect of CA was attenuated when HO-1 activity was inhibited by SnPP (an HO-1 inhibitor). CA could also increase erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression. When Nrf2 was knocked down by specific siRNA, HO-1 expression was concomitantly decreased while HCV expression was restored. Further study indicated that kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (keap1) expression was decreased by CA through p62/Sequestosome1 (p62)-mediated autophagy, which would lead to the stabilization and accumulation of Nrf2. The decrease of keap1 was restored when p62 was silenced by specific p62 siRNA and when autophagy was inhibited, suggesting p62-mediated autophagy was required for CA-mediated keap1 downregulation. Taken together, the results demonstrated that CA could modulate Keap1/Nrf2 interaction via increasing p62 expression, leading to stabilization of Nrf2 and HO-1 induction, and elicit IFNα antiviral response to suppress HCV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shen
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guifeng Wang
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianping Zuo
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Morris G, Puri BK, Walder K, Berk M, Stubbs B, Maes M, Carvalho AF. The Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response in Neuroprogressive Diseases: Emerging Pathophysiological Role and Translational Implications. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:8765-8787. [PMID: 29594942 PMCID: PMC6208857 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1028-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the main cellular organelle involved in protein synthesis, assembly and secretion. Accumulating evidence shows that across several neurodegenerative and neuroprogressive diseases, ER stress ensues, which is accompanied by over-activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Although the UPR could initially serve adaptive purposes in conditions associated with higher cellular demands and after exposure to a range of pathophysiological insults, over time the UPR may become detrimental, thus contributing to neuroprogression. Herein, we propose that immune-inflammatory, neuro-oxidative, neuro-nitrosative, as well as mitochondrial pathways may reciprocally interact with aberrations in UPR pathways. Furthermore, ER stress may contribute to a deregulation in calcium homoeostasis. The common denominator of these pathways is a decrease in neuronal resilience, synaptic dysfunction and even cell death. This review also discusses how mechanisms related to ER stress could be explored as a source for novel therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative and neuroprogressive diseases. The design of randomised controlled trials testing compounds that target aberrant UPR-related pathways within the emerging framework of precision psychiatry is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Tir Na Nog, Bryn Road seaside 87, Llanelli, Wales, SA15 2LW, UK
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Basant K Puri
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, England, W12 0HS, UK.
| | - Ken Walder
- The Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, 3220, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - André F Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction & Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
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Galano A, Tan DX, Reiter RJ. Melatonin: A Versatile Protector against Oxidative DNA Damage. Molecules 2018; 23:E530. [PMID: 29495460 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage to DNA has important implications for human health and has been identified as a key factor in the onset and development of numerous diseases. Thus, it is evident that preventing DNA from oxidative damage is crucial for humans and for any living organism. Melatonin is an astonishingly versatile molecule in this context. It can offer both direct and indirect protection against a wide variety of damaging agents and through multiple pathways, which may (or may not) take place simultaneously. They include direct antioxidative protection, which is mediated by melatonin's free radical scavenging activity, and also indirect ways of action. The latter include, at least: (i) inhibition of metal-induced DNA damage; (ii) protection against non-radical triggers of oxidative DNA damage; (iii) continuous protection after being metabolized; (iv) activation of antioxidative enzymes; (v) inhibition of pro-oxidative enzymes; and (vi) boosting of the DNA repair machinery. The rather unique capability of melatonin to exhibit multiple neutralizing actions against diverse threatening factors, together with its low toxicity and its ability to cross biological barriers, are all significant to its efficiency for preventing oxidative damage to DNA.
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Abstract
Melatonin is a natural indoleamine produced by the pineal gland that has many functions, including regulation of the circadian rhythm. Many studies have reported the anticancer effect of melatonin against a myriad of cancer types. Cancer hallmarks include sustained proliferation, evading growth suppressors, metastasis, replicative immortality, angiogenesis, resisting cell death, altered cellular energetics, and immune evasion. Melatonin anticancer activity is mediated by interfering with various cancer hallmarks. This review summarizes the anticancer role of melatonin in each cancer hallmark. The studies discussed in this review should serve as a solid foundation for researchers and physicians to support basic and clinical studies on melatonin as a promising anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wamidh H Talib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931-166, Jordan.
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Li S, Song Z, Liu T, Liang J, Yuan J, Xu Z, Sun Z, Lai X, Xiong Q, Zhang D. Polysaccharide from Ostrea rivularis attenuates reproductive oxidative stress damage via activating Keap1-Nrf2/ARE pathway. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 186:321-31. [PMID: 29455993 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Ostrea rivularis polysaccharide (ORP) against testicular oxidative stress injury via kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element (Keap1-Nrf2/ARE) pathway. In pharmacological experiments in vivo, ORP administration could dose-dependently inhibit body and testicular weight loss, ameliorate epididymal sperm quality and protect reproductive impairment in cyclophosphamide-induced male Balb/c mice. Moreover, the mechanism in vivo might be elucidated that ORP could increase expression level of Nrf2 and its downstream ARE gene battery in the testis, promote production of corresponding antioxidative enzymes and protein, and enhance Keap1-Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway to avoid male reproductive dysfunction. In addition, ORP treatment could improve survival capacity of H2O2-induced TM4 cells and its antioxidant mechanism in vitro also had been verified to activate Keap1-Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. Overall, these results showed that ORP as a potent antioxidant could reduce reproductive oxidative stress damage related to Keap1-Nrf2/ARE pathway.
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Bahna SG, Niles LP. Epigenetic regulation of melatonin receptors in neuropsychiatric disorders. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:3209-3219. [PMID: 28967098 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, the primary indoleamine hormone of the mammalian pineal gland, is known to have a plethora of neuroregulatory, neuroprotective and other properties. Melatonergic signalling is mediated by its two GPCRs, MT1 and MT2 , which are widely expressed in the mammalian CNS. Melatonin levels and receptor expression often show a decrease during normal ageing, and this reduction may be accelerated in some disease states. Depleted melatonergic signalling has been associated with neuropsychiatric dysfunction and impairments in cognition, memory, neurogenesis and neurorestorative processes. The anticonvulsant and mood stabilizer, valproic acid (VPA), up-regulates melatonin MT1 and/or MT2 receptor expression in cultured cells and in the rat brain. VPA is known to affect gene expression through several mechanisms, including the modulation of intracellular kinase pathways and transcription factors, as well as the inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. Interestingly, other HDAC inhibitors, such as trichostatin A, which are structurally distinct from VPA, can also up-regulate melatonin receptor expression, unlike a VPA analogue, valpromide, which lacks HDAC inhibitory activity. Moreover, VPA increases histone H3 acetylation along the length of the MT1 gene promoter in rat C6 cells. These findings indicate that an epigenetic mechanism, linked to histone hyperacetylation/chromatin remodelling and associated changes in gene transcription, is involved in the up-regulation of melatonin receptors by VPA. Epigenetic induction of MT1 and/or MT2 receptor expression, in areas where these receptors are lost because of ageing, injury or disease, may be a promising therapeutic avenue for the management of CNS dysfunction and other disorders. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Recent Developments in Research of Melatonin and its Potential Therapeutic Applications. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.16/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarra G Bahna
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lennard P Niles
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Guo Y, Sun J, Li T, Zhang Q, Bu S, Wang Q, Lai D. Melatonin ameliorates restraint stress-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in testicular cells via NF-κB/iNOS and Nrf2/ HO-1 signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9599. [PMID: 28851995 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09943-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Decline in semen quality has become a global public health concern. Psychological stress is common in the current modern society and is associated with semen decline. Increasing evidence demonstrated that melatonin has anti-apoptotic and antioxidant functions. Whether melatonin can ameliorate the damage in testes induced by psychological stress has never been investigated. Here, a mouse model of restraint stress demonstrated that melatonin normalized the sperm density decline, testicular cells apoptosis, and testicular oxidative stress in stressed male mice. Melatonin decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) activities, and downregulated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) activities in stressed mice testes. Furthermore, melatonin reduced the stress-induced activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway by decreasing the phosphorylation of nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha (IκBα) and p65 nuclear translocation. In addition, melatonin upregulated the expression of anti-oxidant proteins including nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Meanwhile, in vitro studies also demonstrated melatonin could reduce oxidative apoptosis of testicular cells. Collectively, melatonin mitigated psychological stress-induced spermatogenic damage, which provides evidence for melatonin as a therapy against sperm impairment associated with psychological stress.
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Majidinia M, Sadeghpour A, Mehrzadi S, Reiter RJ, Khatami N, Yousefi B. Melatonin: A pleiotropic molecule that modulates DNA damage response and repair pathways. J Pineal Res 2017; 63. [PMID: 28439991 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA repair is responsible for maintaining the integrity of the genome. Perturbations in the DNA repair pathways have been identified in several human cancers. Thus, compounds targeting DNA damage response (DDR) hold great promise in cancer therapy. A great deal of effort, in pursuit of new anticancer drugs, has been devoted to understanding the basic mechanisms and functions of the cellular DNA repair machinery. Melatonin, a widely produced indoleamine in all organisms, is associated with a reduced risk of cancer and has multiple regulatory roles on the different aspects of the DDR and DNA repair. Herein, we have mainly discussed how defective components in different DNA repair machineries, including homologous recombination (HR), nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ), base excision repair (BER), nucleotide excision repair (NER), and finally DNA mismatch repair (MMR), can contribute to the risk of cancer. Melatonin biosynthesis, mode of action, and antioxidant effects are reviewed along with the means by which the indoleamine regulates DDR at the transduction, mediation, and functional levels. Finally, we summarize recent studies that illustrate how melatonin can be combined with DNA-damaging agents to improve their efficacy in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Alireza Sadeghpour
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine and Shohada Educational Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Nasrin Khatami
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Students Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Molecular Targeting Therapy Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Lubelska K, Wiktorska K, Mielczarek L, Milczarek M, Zbroińska-Bregisz I, Chilmonczyk Z. Sulforaphane Regulates NFE2L2/Nrf2-Dependent Xenobiotic Metabolism Phase II and Phase III Enzymes Differently in Human Colorectal Cancer and Untransformed Epithelial Colon Cells. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:1338-1348. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1224369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Dwivedi S, Rajasekar N, Hanif K, Nath C, Shukla R. Sulforaphane Ameliorates Okadaic Acid-Induced Memory Impairment in Rats by Activating the Nrf2/HO-1 Antioxidant Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:5310-23. [PMID: 26433376 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9451-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Okadaic acid (OKA) causes memory impairment and attenuates nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) along with oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in rats. Sulforaphane (dietary isothiocyanate compound), an activator of Nrf2 signaling, exhibits neuroprotective effects. However, the protective effect of sulforaphane in OKA-induced neurotoxicity remains uninvestigated. Therefore, in the present study, the role of sulforaphane in OKA-induced memory impairment in rats was explored. A significant increased Nrf2 expression in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex was observed in trained (Morris water maze) rats, and a significant decreased Nrf2 expression in memory-impaired (OKA, 200 ng icv) rats indicated its involvement in memory function. Sulforaphane administration (5 and 10 mg/kg, ip, days 1 and 2) ameliorates OKA-induced memory impairment in rats. The treatment also restored Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant protein expression (GCLC, HO-1) and attenuated oxidative stress (ROS, nitrite, GSH), neuroinflammation (NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-10), and neuronal apoptosis in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of OKA-treated rats. Further, to determine whether modulation of Nrf2 signaling is responsible for the protective effect of sulforaphane, in vitro, Nrf2 siRNA and its downstream HO-1 inhibition studies were carried out in a rat astrocytoma cell line (C6). The protective effects of sulforaphane were abolished with Nrf2 siRNA and HO-1 inhibition in astrocytes. The results suggest that Nrf2-dependent activation of cellular antioxidant machinery results in sulforaphane-mediated protection against OKA-induced memory impairment in rats. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Dwivedi
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - N Rajasekar
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Chennai, India
| | - Kashif Hanif
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Chennai, India
| | - Chandishwar Nath
- Division of Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Chennai, India
| | - Rakesh Shukla
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Chennai, India.
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Fathollahi A, Daneshgari F, Hanna-Mitchell AT. Melatonin and Its Role in Lower Urinary Tract Function: An Article Review. Curr Urol 2015; 8:113-8. [PMID: 26889129 DOI: 10.1159/000365701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This article reviewed the results of studies done on animals that assessed effects of melatonin on bladder function. Melatonin does not change strip relaxation on its own. However, pre-treatment with melatonin decreases contractile responses induced by phenylephrine, acetylcholine, bethanechol and KCl in a dose-dependent manner. The contractile responses induced by the direct calcium channel openers are significantly decreased by melatonin pre-treatment. It also binds to Ca(2+)-activated calmodulin, and prevents it from activating myosin light-chain kinase. It may have direct effects on ion channels which are responsible for regulating bladder contraction. Its other mode of action on bladder occurs via the brain GABAA receptor. Melatonin is an antioxidant. In bladder, treatment with melatonin prevents elevations in malondialdehyde levels, reverses changes in glutathione levels, and decreases myeloperoxidase levels compared with oxidative injury. It can normalize age induced bladder dysfunction through its antioxidant effects, inhibiting smooth muscle contractility directly and restoring impaired contractility via normalization of Ca(2+) handling and sensitizations pathways. It attenuates the severity of cystitis and inflammation. Mast cell proliferation and activation are increased in cystitis, but decrease by melatonin treatment. Also, there is a decrease in expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines after melatonin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fathollahi
- Urology Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH., USA
| | - Firouz Daneshgari
- Urology Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH., USA
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Tuli HS, Kashyap D, Sharma AK, Sandhu SS. Molecular aspects of melatonin (MLT)-mediated therapeutic effects. Life Sci 2015; 135:147-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abstract
Circadian rhythms are 24h oscillations in physiology and behavior which allow organisms to anticipate and adapt to daily demands associated with the day/night cycle. The currently accepted model of the molecular clockwork is described as a transcriptional process composed of negative regulatory feedback loops. However, ample evidence underlines the important contribution of non-transcriptional and metabolic oscillations to cellular timekeeping. We summarize recent evidence pointing to the relationship between the transcriptional oscillator and metabolic redox state, with particular emphasis on the potential nodes of interaction. We highlight the intrinsic difficulty in segregating these two tightly coupled and interdependent processes, in living systems, and how disruption of their synchronicity impacts upon (patho)physiological processes as diverse as cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, aging, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay B Milev
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Akhilesh B Reddy
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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50
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Kim SH, Lee IC, Ko JW, Moon C, Kim SH, Shin IS, Seo YW, Kim HC, Kim JC. Diallyl Disulfide Prevents Cyclophosphamide-Induced Hemorrhagic Cystitis in Rats through the Inhibition of Oxidative Damage, MAPKs, and NF-κB Pathways. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2015; 23:180-8. [PMID: 25767687 PMCID: PMC4354320 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2014.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the possible effects and molecular mechanisms of diallyl disulfide (DADS) against cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) in rats. Inflammation response was assessed by histopathology and serum cytokines levels. We determined the protein expressions of nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-κB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), oxidative stress, urinary nitrite-nitrate, malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Finally, we studied the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling in the protective effects of DADS against CP-induced HC. CP treatment caused a HC which was evidenced by an increase in histopathological changes, proinflammatory cytokines levels, urinary nitrite-nitrate level, and the protein expression of NF-κB, COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p-extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK). The significant decreases in glutathione content and glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione reductase activities, and the significant increase in MDA content and urinary MDA and 8-OHdG levels indicated that CP-induced bladder injury was mediated through oxidative DNA damage. In contrast, DADS pretreatment attenuated CP-induced HC, including histopathological lesion, serum cytokines levels, oxidative damage, and urinary oxidative DNA damage. DADS also caused significantly decreased the protein expressions of NF-κB, COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, p-JNK, and p-ERK. These results indicate that DADS prevents CP-induced HC and that the protective effects of DADS may be due to its ability to regulate proinflammatory cytokines production by inhibition of NF-κB and MAPKs expressions, and its potent anti-oxidative capability through reduction of oxidative DNA damage in the bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hwan Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757 ; Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeonbuk 580-185
| | - In Chul Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757
| | - Je Won Ko
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757
| | - Changjong Moon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757
| | - Sung Ho Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757
| | - In Sik Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757 ; Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk 363-883
| | - Young Won Seo
- Biomedical Mouse Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Chin Kim
- Biomedical Mouse Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Choon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757
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