1
|
Keelan JA, Sato TA, Gupta DK, Marvin KW, Mitchell MD. Prostanoid Stimulation of Cytokine Production in an Amnion-Derived Cell Line: Evidence of a Feed-Forward Mechanism With Implications for Term and Preterm Labor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/107155760000700106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A. Keelan
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Auckland,
| | | | | | | | - Murray D. Mitchell
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland School of Medicine, Auckland, New Zeland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) is an important issue in neonates because of its complications as well as high morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of PTB is approximately 12-13% in USA and 5-9% in many other developed countries. China represents 7.8% (approximately one million) of 14.9 million babies born prematurely annually worldwide. The rate of PTB is still increasing. Both genetic susceptibility and environmental factors are the major causes of PTB. Inflammation is regarded as an enabling characteristic factor of PTB. The aim of this review is to summarize the current literatures to illustrate the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of cytokine genes in PTB. These polymorphisms are different among different geographic regions and different races, thus different populations may have different risk factors of PTB. SNPs affect the ability to metabolize poisonous substances and determine inflammation susceptibility, which in turn has an influence on reproduction-related risks and on delivery outcomes after exposure to environmental toxicants and pathogenic organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhu
- Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Unlugedik E, Alfaidy N, Holloway A, Lye S, Bocking A, Challis J, Gibb W. Expression and regulation of prostaglandin receptors in the human placenta and fetal membranes at term and preterm. Reprod Fertil Dev 2010; 22:796-807. [PMID: 20450832 DOI: 10.1071/rd09148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) play an important role in parturition in many species, including humans. The present study examined the distribution of PG receptor subtypes (EP1-4 and FP) in intrauterine tissues at term and preterm birth. Placentas and fetal membranes were collected from patients at term in labour (n = 12) or not in labour (n = 12). Preterm tissue was collected from three different groups of patients: (1) idiopathic preterm labour (PTL) without chorioamnionitis or betamethasone (BM) treatment (n = 9), (2) idiopathic PTL that received BM with no chorioamnionitis (PTL-BM; n = 9) and (3) pregnancies that were complicated with chorioamnionitis and had no BM (PTL-CHA; n = 6). EP1-4 and FP receptors were localised and levels of expression were determined by western blot analysis. All EP receptors and FP were localised to the amnion, placenta and choriodecidua. Moreover, isolated amnion mesenchymal, amnion epithelial, chorion trophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast cells in primary culture also expressed PG receptors. A significant increase was observed in EP1, EP3 and FP expression in placenta, chorion and amnion with labour. Maternal betamethasone treatment increased EP1, EP3 and FP receptor protein expression and chorioamnionitis decreased expression in all the receptor subtypes. These changes in PG receptors in the fetal membranes are consistent with the development of a feed-forwards cascade mediated through PG action that may contribute to the birth process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Unlugedik
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5SA8, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Terzidou V. Preterm labour. Biochemical and endocrinological preparation for parturition. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2007; 21:729-56. [PMID: 17616441 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2007.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Preterm delivery is a common obstetric problem occurring in about 1 in 10 of all births. Preterm babies have a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Such births account for 75% of all major neonatal problems. At the other end of the spectrum, prolonged pregnancy is also a subject of concern because it too is associated with increased fetal morbidity and mortality. Despite extensive research, the mechanisms that control the length of human pregnancy and signal the onset of labour have not been fully determined. This chapter will discuss basic principles in the biology of parturition and the regulation of contraction-associated proteins including the oxytocin receptor. The major pathways regulating contractions and the transcriptional regulation of the main genes that are known to be involved in the onset of labour and parturition will be examined. Some new potentially therapeutic strategies for the biochemical management of preterm labour will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasso Terzidou
- Parturition Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Grigsby PL, Sooranna SR, Brockman DE, Johnson MR, Myatt L. Localization and expression of prostaglandin E2 receptors in human placenta and corresponding fetal membranes with labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006; 195:260-9. [PMID: 16615925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2005] [Revised: 01/11/2006] [Accepted: 01/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) are mediated through G-protein coupled receptors, acting via different second messengers. The aim of this study was to characterize the temporal and tissue specific localization and expression of the PGE2 receptor subtypes (EP1-4) in uteroplacental tissues during human pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN Placenta and fetal membranes were collected after delivery at preterm or term, each with or without labor. The localization and expression of the PGE2 receptor subtypes were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. RESULTS All 4 receptors were expressed in the placenta and fetal membranes; only EP3 was present in the syncytiotrophoblast layer. EP1 to EP4 were consistently expressed across gestation in the fetal membranes; however, a different cellular localization with labor was observed in the amnion for EP1, EP2, and EP4. CONCLUSION The presence of these receptors in the placenta and fetal membranes may indicate autocrine roles for PGE2 in the signaling pathways associated with placental function and parturition.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Amnion/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Chorion/metabolism
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Extraembryonic Membranes/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Labor, Obstetric/metabolism
- Placenta/metabolism
- Pregnancy
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 Subtype
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype
- Trophoblasts/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peta L Grigsby
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynceology, University of Cincinnati, Medical College, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Biondi C, Ferretti ME, Pavan B, Lunghi L, Gravina B, Nicoloso MS, Vesce F, Baldassarre G. Prostaglandin E2 inhibits proliferation and migration of HTR-8/SVneo cells, a human trophoblast-derived cell line. Placenta 2005; 27:592-601. [PMID: 16159661 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2005.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2005] [Revised: 06/22/2005] [Accepted: 07/27/2005] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Normal placentation requires a highly coordinated control of proliferation, migration and invasiveness of extravillous trophoblast cells. Since prostaglandin E2 is a major prostanoid synthesized by intrauterine tissues and highly involved in pregnancy homeostasis, we examined the possibility that it modulates extravillous trophoblast cell functions. Here, we report the presence of mRNAs for prostaglandin E2 EP2 and EP4 receptor isoforms and of proteins in both first-trimester human chorionic villi and in the human trophoblast-derived HTR-8/SVneo cells. Moreover we found that: (i) this cell line releases prostaglandin E2 and the output is enhanced by interleukin-1beta; (ii) the prostanoid consistently inhibits serum- or epidermal growth factor-induced cell proliferation and also migration. An involvement of cAMP in the prostaglandin E2 antiproliferative action is suggested by the observation that the prostanoid greatly enhances cAMP level in HTR-8/SVneo cells and that forskolin inhibits cell proliferation; moreover the administration of prostaglandin E2 plus forskolin, a condition which evokes a synergistic enhancement of cAMP, induces a major impairment of cell growth. Provided that our data are applicable to the trophoblast tissue in vivo, we suggest that prostaglandin E2 exerts an important control on extravillous trophoblast cell functions, preventing an excessive proliferation and migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Biondi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, sezione di Fisiologia Generale, via L. Borsari, 46, Università di Ferrara, 44100-I Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fehrenbacher JC, Burkey TH, Nicol GD, Vasko MR. Tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1beta stimulate the expression of cyclooxygenase II but do not alter prostaglandin E2 receptor mRNA levels in cultured dorsal root ganglia cells. Pain 2005; 113:113-22. [PMID: 15621371 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2004.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2004] [Revised: 09/15/2004] [Accepted: 09/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) are pro-inflammatory cytokines capable of altering the sensitivity of sensory neurons. Because sensitization elicited by IL-1beta and TNFalpha is blocked by inhibition of the inducible enzyme, cyclooxygenase-II (COX-2), we examined whether these cytokines could increase COX-2 expression in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cultures. Treatment of cell cultures with either IL-1beta or TNFalpha increases immunoreactive COX-2, as measured by immunoblotting, in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. A 24-h pretreatment with 10 ng/ml IL-1beta or 50 ng/ml TNFalpha augmented COX-2 expression 50- and 8-fold over basal levels, respectively. Immunohistochemistry established the presence of COX-2-like immunoreactivity in both neuronal and non-neuronal cells in culture. The addition of IL-1 receptor antagonist blocked the induction of COX-2 expression by IL-1beta, but did not alter TNFalpha-stimulated increases in COX-2, indicating that the mechanism of TNFalpha is not limited to increasing the expression of IL-1beta. The basal and TNFalpha-induced expression of COX-2 was not dependent on the presence of NGF in the growth media. IL-1beta and TNFalpha treatment for 24 h enhanced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production 2-4-fold, which was blocked by pretreatment with the COX-2 inhibitor, NS-398. Exposing cultures to PGE2, IL-1beta, or TNFalpha for 24 h did not alter PGE2 receptor (EP) mRNA levels. These results indicate that TNFalpha and IL-1beta induce the functional expression of COX-2 but not EP receptors in DRG cells in culture and suggest that cytokine-induced sensitization of sensory neurons is secondary to prostaglandin production and not alterations in EP receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jill C Fehrenbacher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Medical Science Bldg-MS A401, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Establishment of early pregnancy is promoted by a complex network of signalling molecules that mediate cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular matrix communications, in order to manifest controlled invasion of the trophectoderm and successful implantation. During the period known as the 'window of implantation', the endometrium expresses specialized proteins, many of which exhibit potential use as markers of endometrial receptivity. Trophoblast differentiation to the invasive phenotype also depends on the up-regulation of certain peptides and the down-regulation of others. Disruption of each pathway is theoretically possible, and studies in animal models suggest that implantation defects result when the function of these proteins is blocked. Indeed, the implantation process is currently considered the most important limiting factor for the establishment of viable pregnancy. The present overview of the literature reports critical families of molecules located at the embryo-maternal interface and describes the mechanisms of interplay and control. Since these factors are crucial to the process of implantation, targeting them might be a valuable contraceptive tool. Conversely, induction of specific peptides may prove to be beneficial in certain infertility cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis Minas
- Laboratory of Human Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mitchell BF, Olson DM. Prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase inhibitors and other tocolytics in preterm labour. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2004; 70:167-87. [PMID: 14683691 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2003.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Preterm delivery (<37 weeks of gestation) is the major obstetrical complication in developed countries, yet attempts to delay labour and prolong pregnancy have largely been unsuccessful. One of the many reasons it is so difficult to prevent preterm birth is that the nature of preterm labour changes as a function of gestational age, maternal lifestyle factors or infection, to list a few of the reasons. The inhibitors of prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase (PGHS), known as the Non-steroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs, have been viewed with interest as tocolytics with promising effectiveness under most conditions of preterm labour. Three isoforms of PGHS exist; the first two, PGHS-1 and -2, have been studied for their catalytic activity, X-ray crystallographic structure, and physiological roles in the adult and the foetus. Mixed inhibitors and isoform-specific inhibitors of PGHS have been developed, and their roles in delaying preterm labour are examined and compared to other tocolytics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan F Mitchell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Perinatal Research Centre, CIHR Group in Perinatal Health and Disease, University of Alberta, 220 HMRC, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G2S2
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Parturition is composed of five separate but integrated physiological events: fetal membrane rupture, cervical dilatation, myometrial contractility, placental separation and uterine involution. Prostaglandins (PGs) have central roles in each of these, but the most studied is myometrial contraction. Elevated uterine PGs or the enhanced sensitivity of the myometrium to PGs leads to contractions and labour. The regulator of PG synthesis is the mRNA expression of PGHS-2. Cytokines are important stimulators of this gene expression, and cortisol and other factors may be as well. This enzyme is an important therapeutic target in the prevention of preterm labour. Some preterm births occur without an elevation of uterine PGs, even though they are delayed by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), suggesting enhanced myometrial sensitivity to PGs. The PGF(2alpha) receptor, FP, is emerging as a central component of uterine sensitivity and may prove to be involved with preterm birth and a reasonable target for tocolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M Olson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, CIHR Group in Perinatal Health and Disease, Perinatal Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Inoue H, Takamori M, Shimoyama Y, Ishibashi H, Yamamoto S, Koshihara Y. Regulation by PGE2 of the production of interleukin-6, macrophage colony stimulating factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor in human synovial fibroblasts. Br J Pharmacol 2002; 136:287-95. [PMID: 12010778 PMCID: PMC1573344 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1. We examined the effects of endogenous prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) on the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-stimulated human synovial fibroblasts. 2. NS-398 (1 microM), a cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, inhibited IL-6 and VEGF production (35+/-4% and 26+/-2%, respectively) but enhanced M-CSF production (38+/-4%) by IL-1beta (1 ng ml(-1)) in synovial fibroblasts isolated from patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Exogenous PGE(2) completely abolished the effects of NS-398 on the production of each mediator by OA fibroblasts stimulated with IL-1beta. 3. 8-Bromo cyclic AMP and dibutyryl cyclic AMP, cyclic AMP analogues, mimicked the effects of PGE(2) on IL-6, M-CSF, and VEGF production by OA fibroblasts. 4. The EP(2) selective receptor agonist ONO-AE1-259 (2 nM) and the EP(4) selective receptor agonist ONO-AE1-329 (2 or 20 nM), but not the EP(1) selective receptor agonist ONO-DI-004 (1 microM) and the EP(3) selective receptor agonist ONO-AE-248 (1 microM), replaced the effects of PGE(2) on IL-6, M-CSF, and VEGF production by OA and RA fibroblasts stimulated with IL-1beta in the presence of NS-398. 5. Both OA and RA fibroblasts expressed mRNA encoding EP(2) and EP(4) but not EP(1) receptors. In addition, up-regulation of EP(2) and EP(4) receptor mRNAs was observed at 3 h after IL-1beta treatment. 6. These results suggest that endogenous PGE(2) regulates the production of IL-6, M-CSF, and VEGF by IL-1beta-stimulated human synovial fibroblasts through the activation of EP(2) and EP(4) receptors with increase in cyclic AMP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Inoue
- Research Laboratory, Minophagen Pharmaceutical Co., 2-2-3 Komatsubara, Zama-shi, Kanagawa 228-0002, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Southall MD, Bolyard LA, Vasko MR. Twenty-four hour exposure to prostaglandin downregulates prostanoid receptor binding but does not alter PGE(2)-mediated sensitization of rat sensory neurons. Pain 2002; 96:285-296. [PMID: 11973001 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3959(01)00458-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Although the tissue levels of prostaglandins are elevated for a relatively long period during injury or inflammation, few studies have been performed to assess the effects of prolonged prostaglandin exposure on receptor binding and activity in sensory neurons. Consequently, we examined whether unilateral inflammation or a 24 h exposure to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) altered binding of this prostanoid in spinal cord tissue or in isolated sensory neurons, respectively. To assess functional changes in EP receptors, we also examined PGE2-induced cAMP production and the prostanoid-mediated augmentation of substance P release from isolated sensory neurons after acute and 24 h pretreatment with PGE2. Injection of complete Freund's adjuvant into the hindpaw decreased binding of PGE2 in ipsilateral, but not contralateral dorsal spinal cord 24 h after injection. This decrease in Bmax was blocked by administration of intrathecal ketorolac (10 nmol/microl/h) for 24 h prior to and throughout the period of inflammation, suggesting that the inflammation-induced decrease in binding is dependent on prostaglandin synthesis. In an analogous manner, treating sensory neurons grown in culture with 1 microM PGE2 for 24 h decreased [3H]-PGE2 binding by approximately 50% without altering binding affinity. Exposing neuronal cultures to 1 microM PGE2 for 24 h also reduced, but did not abolish the ability of the prostanoid to increase the production of cAMP. This treatment, however, did not significantly alter the ability of PGE2 to augment the evoked release of immunoreactive substance P from sensory neurons. These results demonstrate that under conditions that significantly downregulate PGE2 binding, sensory neurons are still capable of maintaining PGE2-mediated sensitization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M D Southall
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5126, USA Department of Chemistry, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN 47714, USA Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5126, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Saji F, Samejima Y, Kamiura S, Sawai K, Shimoya K, Kimura T. Cytokine production in chorioamnionitis. J Reprod Immunol 2000; 47:185-96. [PMID: 10924750 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0378(00)00064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Lymphohematopoietic cytokines play a significant role in many biological mechanisms including a number of reproductive processes such as ovulation, implantation, placentation, cervical dilation and parturition. Recent experiments have suggested that cytokines play a crucial role in the mechanisms of preterm labor and delivery, which are the leading causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Growing evidence suggests that infection is deeply concerned in the pathogenesis of preterm labor and delivery. Chorioamnionitis, a subset of intrauterine infection, has been identified in 20-33% of women with preterm delivery, and the inflammatory and related cytokines, interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8), showed substantial increases in the amniotic fluid at women with intrauterine infection. Although the precise mechanism for chorioamnionitis-driven preterm labor mediated via cytokines is still unknown, both IL-1 and TNF-alpha along with IL-6 enhance prostaglandin production by human amnion cells, chorionic cells and decidual cells. Analysis of the regulatory sequences in the 5' upstream regions of receptor gene for human oxytocin, a potent uterotonic agent, suggests a close relationship between preterm labor and inflammatory cytokines through induction at the oxytocin receptor. Prompt identification of the patients with intra-amniotic infection may be useful in clinical practice. At present, the measurement of IL-8 in maternal serum or the measurement of IL-6 in cervical secretion may be helpful as a non-invasive screening for chorioamnionitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Saji
- Department of Gynecology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mitchell MD, Goodwin V, Mesnage S, Keelan JA. Cytokine-induced coordinate expression of enzymes of prostaglandin biosynthesis and metabolism: 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2000; 62:1-5. [PMID: 10765972 DOI: 10.1054/plef.1999.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines on 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) expression and prostaglandin (PG) metabolizing activity were investigated in placental tissue. Treatment of trophoblast cells in primary culture with interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) or tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) resulted in decreased prostaglandin metabolizing activity. This was assessed both by determining the ratio of production of prostaglandins to their metabolites, and by Northern blot analysis of PGDH mRNA abundance. Dexamethasone had similar inhibitory effect. We hypothesize that proinflammatory cytokines act to enhance prostaglandin actions through coordinated effects on activities of enzymes of both prostaglandin biosynthesis and metabolism, perhaps in concert with effects on receptor function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M D Mitchell
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Spaziani EP, O'Brien WF, Benoit RR, Gould SF. Corticotropin-releasing hormone increases the expression of the prostaglandin E(2) receptor subtype EP1 in amnion WISH cells. Biol Reprod 2000; 62:23-6. [PMID: 10611063 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod62.1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) on the expression of the prostaglandin (PG) E(2) EP1 receptor subtype and PGE(2) production in amnion WISH cells (AWC). AWC cultures were incubated with CRH. Culture fluid was collected for PGE(2) measurement, and the cells were collected and analyzed for EP1 protein and mRNA. Immunohistochemical localization of the EP1 receptor was also performed. Incubation of AWC with CRH resulted in a dose-dependent increase (r = 0.97) in the level of EP1 receptor protein (P < 0.001). Coincubation of AWC with CRH and indomethacin resulted in the decreased production of PGE(2) while having no effect on EP1 receptor expression. A significant but not dose-dependent increase in EP1 mRNA expression was also observed (P < 0.01). Immunohistochemical evaluation verified cell membrane localization of the receptor in both stimulated and unstimulated cells and confirmed the increased expression of EP1 receptor in response to CRH. Incubation of AWC with CRH also resulted in increased culture fluid PGE(2) levels (P < 0.01). These results suggest that the role CRH plays in the initiation of labor may also involve the promotion of elevated PGE(2) levels and increased expression of the EP1 receptor in amnion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E P Spaziani
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of South Florida Health Science Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Immunohistochemical Localization of the Prostaglandin E Subtype-1 Receptor in Cytokine-Stimulated and Unstimulated Amnion Cells. Obstet Gynecol 1999. [DOI: 10.1097/00006250-199912000-00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
17
|
Hansen WR, Keelan JA, Skinner SJ, Mitchell MD. Key enzymes of prostaglandin biosynthesis and metabolism. Coordinate regulation of expression by cytokines in gestational tissues: a review. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 1999; 57:243-57. [PMID: 10402218 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-6980(99)00008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Preterm labor is frequently associated with ascending intrauterine infection, accompanied by leukocytes infiltration and enhanced local production of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators. The resulting amplification of the inflammatory response, and of prostanoid production in particular, is postulated to be a principal mechanism of infection-driven preterm labor. In this review the effects of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are discussed with respect to the expression of enzymes involved in three key steps of prostanoid biosynthesis and metabolism: liberation of arachidonic acid (AA), conversion of AA to bioactive prostanoids, and prostanoid catabolism. We suggest that by exerting coordinate actions on all three key steps, through multiple molecular mechanisms, inflammatory cytokines acutely up-regulate prostanoid production in intrauterine tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W R Hansen
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland School of Medicine, New Zealand
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Modulation of the Prostaglandin E Receptor. Obstet Gynecol 1999. [DOI: 10.1097/00006250-199901000-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
19
|
Spaziani EP, Benoit RR, Tsibris JC, Gould SF, O'Brien WF. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha upregulates the prostaglandin E2 EP1 receptor subtype and the cyclooxygenase-2 isoform in cultured amnion WISH cells. J Interferon Cytokine Res 1998; 18:1039-44. [PMID: 9877447 DOI: 10.1089/jir.1998.18.1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated a strong correlation between infection and preterm labor. Preterm delivery is also associated with high levels of cytokines and prostaglandins in amniotic fluid. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) on the levels of cyclooxygenase, prostaglandin E2 production (PGE2), and expression of the PGE2 receptor subtype EP1 in amnion WISH cell culture. Amnion WISH cell cultures were incubated in increasing concentrations of TNF-alpha (0-50 ng/ml). Changes in cyclooxygenase and EP1 receptor proteins were evaluated by Western blot analysis. Changes in EP1 mRNA were evaluated by Northern blot, and culture fluid concentrations of PGE2 were estimated by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). EP1 protein (p<0.01), EP1 mRNA (p<0.05), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein (p<0.001), and PGE2 concentrations (p<0.01) all increased with increasing concentrations of TNF-alpha. Changes in COX-1 protein were not observed following TNF-alpha-incubation. The results suggest that TNF-alpha may play a role in infection-induced preterm labor by its pleiotropic ability to simultaneously stimulate COX-2 activity, PGE2 concentrations, and PGE2 EP1 receptor levels in human amnion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E P Spaziani
- University of South Florida Health Science Center, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tampa 33612, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mino T, Sugiyama E, Taki H, Kuroda A, Yamashita N, Maruyama M, Kobayashi M. Interleukin-1alpha and tumor necrosis factor alpha synergistically stimulate prostaglandin E2-dependent production of interleukin-11 in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1998; 41:2004-13. [PMID: 9811056 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(199811)41:11<2004::aid-art16>3.0.co;2-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interleukin-11 (IL-11), an IL-6-type cytokine, is thought to be involved in bone resorption via osteoclast differentiation. Here, we characterized the combined effect of IL-1alpha and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), major cytokines in the rheumatoid synovium, on the production of IL-11 by cultured rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts (RSFs). METHODS The amounts of IL-11, IL-6, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IL-11 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were determined by Northern blotting. Protein expression of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms were determined by Western blotting. RESULTS IL-1alpha and TNFalpha synergistically stimulated RSFs to produce IL-11 at both the mRNA and protein levels. This synergistic effect was completely inhibited by indomethacin. The inhibition was prevented by PGE2, indicating that the synergistic effect of IL-1alpha and TNFalpha was PGE2-mediated. The cooperative effects of these 2 cytokines were also observed in the production of PGE2 and the expression of 2 regulatory enzymes in PGE2 production, cPLA2 and COX-2. The synergistic induction of IL-11 by IL-1alpha and TNFalpha was completely inhibited by a potent inhibitor of all isoforms of PKC, GF109203X. In contrast, phorbol myristate acetate, which induced a down-regulation of PKC, degrading all PKC isoforms except atypical PKC, did not affect the induction of IL-11. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that IL-1alpha and TNFalpha synergistically stimulate the production of IL-11 via their effects on PGE2 production in the rheumatoid joint, and that atypical PKC may be another target for down-regulation of IL-11, the bone resorption-associated cytokine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Mino
- Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|