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Mena S, Cruikshank A, Best J, Nijhout HF, Reed MC, Hashemi P. Modulation of serotonin transporter expression by escitalopram under inflammation. Commun Biol 2024; 7:710. [PMID: 38851804 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are widely used for depression based on the monoamine deficiency hypothesis. However, the clinical use of these agents is controversial, in part because of their variable clinical efficacy and in part because of their delayed onset of action. Because of the complexities involved in replicating human disease and clinical dosing in animal models, the scientific community has not reached a consensus on the reasons for these phenomena. In this work, we create a theoretical hippocampal model incorporating escitalopram's pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics (competitive and non-competitive inhibition, and serotonin transporter (SERT) internalization), inflammation, and receptor dynamics. With this model, we simulate chronic oral escitalopram in mice showing that days to weeks are needed for serotonin levels to reach steady-state. We show escitalopram's chemical efficacy is diminished under inflammation. Our model thus offers mechanisms for how chronic escitalopram affects brain serotonin, emphasizing the importance of optimized dose and time for future antidepressant discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Mena
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - Janet Best
- Department of Mathematics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - H F Nijhout
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael C Reed
- Department of Mathematics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Parastoo Hashemi
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Pires CS, da Rocha MJ, Presa MH, Zuge NP, Kuntz NEB, Godoi B, Bortolatto CF, Brüning CA. N-(3-((3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)selanyl)prop-2-yn-1-yl) benzamide induces antidepressant-like effect in mice: involvement of the serotonergic system. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024:10.1007/s00213-024-06588-8. [PMID: 38635075 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06588-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) significantly impairs the quality of life for those affected. While the exact causes of MDD are not fully understood, the deficit of monoamines, especially serotonin and noradrenaline, is widely accepted. Resistance to long-term treatments and adverse effects are often observed, highlighting the need for new pharmacological therapies. Synthetic organic compounds containing selenium have exhibited pharmacological properties, including potential antidepressant effects. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the antidepressant-like effect of N-(3-((3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)selenyl)prop-2-yn-1-yl) benzamide (CF3SePB) in mice and the involvement of the serotonergic and noradrenergic systems. METHODS Male Swiss mice were treated with CF3SePB (1-50 mg/kg, i.g.) and 30 min later the forced swimming test (FST) or tail suspension test (TST) was performed. To investigate the involvement of the serotonergic and noradrenergic systems in the antidepressant-like effect of CF3SePB, mice were pre-treated with p-CPA (a 5-HT depletor, 100 mg/kg, i.p.) or the receptor antagonists WAY100635 (0.1 mg/kg, s.c., a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist), ketanserin (1 mg/kg, i.p., a 5-HT2A/2C receptor antagonist), ondansetron (1 mg/kg, i.p., a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist), GR110838 (0.1 mg/kg, i.p., a 5-HT4 receptor antagonist), prazosin (1 mg/kg, i.p., an α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist), yohimbine (1 mg/kg, i.p., an α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist) and propranolol (2 mg/kg, i.p., a non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist) at specific times before CF3SePB (50 mg/kg, i.g.), and after 30 min of CF3SePB administration the FST was performed. RESULTS CF3SePB showed an antidepressant-like effect in both FST and TST and this effect was related to the modulation of the serotonergic system, specially the 5-HT1A and 5-HT3 receptors. None of the noradrenergic antagonists prevented the antidepressant-like effect of CF3SePB. The compound exhibited a low potential for inducing acute toxicity in adult female Swiss mice. CONCLUSION This study pointed a new compound with antidepressant-like effect, and it could be considered for the development of new antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Simões Pires
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting (PPGBBio), Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences Center (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão Campus, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Marcia Juciele da Rocha
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting (PPGBBio), Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences Center (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão Campus, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Heinemann Presa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting (PPGBBio), Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences Center (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão Campus, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Narryman Pinto Zuge
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting (PPGBBio), Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences Center (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão Campus, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Natália Emanuele Biolosor Kuntz
- Nucleus of Synthesis and Application of Organic and Inorganic Compounds (NUSAACOI), Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Campus Cerro Largo,, Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Benhur Godoi
- Nucleus of Synthesis and Application of Organic and Inorganic Compounds (NUSAACOI), Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Campus Cerro Largo,, Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiani Folharini Bortolatto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting (PPGBBio), Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences Center (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão Campus, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil.
| | - César Augusto Brüning
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting (PPGBBio), Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences Center (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão Campus, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil.
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Besckow EM, Pires CS, Giehl MR, Godoi B, Bortolatto CF, Brüning CA. Pharmacological and computational analysis of the involvement of the 5-HT 4 receptor in the antidepressant-like effect of N-(3-(phenylselanyl)prop-2-yn-1-yl)benzamide in mice. Brain Res 2024; 1825:148714. [PMID: 38097124 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The serotonin type 4 receptor (5-HT4R)shows promise as a target for treating major depressive disorder (MDD). Studies have demonstrated that 5-HT4R agonists have a faster antidepressant-like effect compared to conventional medications. Developing drugs that modulate this receptor could lead to faster and more effective MDD treatments. The compound N-(3-(phenylselanyl)prop-2-yn-1-yl)benzamide (SePB) induces an antidepressant-like effect in mice. The present study explored if the 5-HT4R mediates SePB's antidepressant effect. For this, male Swiss mice were treated with GR113808 (0.1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally - i.p.), a 5-HT4R antagonist, and SePB (10 mg/kg, intragastrically - i.g), and then subjected to the tail-suspension test (TST) and open-field test (OFT). In silico tests were conducted to analyze SePB's binding affinity to the 5-HT4R and identify participating amino acid residues. The administration of GR113808 blocked the antidepressant-like effect of SePB in the TST without changing locomotor activity in the OFT. Moreover, SePB exhibited a high binding affinity between the 5-HT4R (-7.9 kcal/mol) and the amino acid residues Leu298, Asp100, Thr97, Arg96, Glu80, Leu81, Cys184, Val185, and Phe186 seem to be important for this interaction. The involvement of the 5-HT4R in the antidepressant-like effect of SePB suggests potential for novel therapies in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Mianes Besckow
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Neurobiotechnology Research Group, Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting (PPGBBio), Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Camila Simões Pires
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Neurobiotechnology Research Group, Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting (PPGBBio), Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Maira Regina Giehl
- Núcleo de Síntese, Aplicação e Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Inorgânicos (NUSAACOI), Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Benhur Godoi
- Núcleo de Síntese, Aplicação e Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Inorgânicos (NUSAACOI), Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiani Folharini Bortolatto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Neurobiotechnology Research Group, Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting (PPGBBio), Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil.
| | - César Augusto Brüning
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Neurobiotechnology Research Group, Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting (PPGBBio), Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil.
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Calapai F, Mannucci C, McQuain L, Salvo F. Pharmacological Evaluation of Signals of Disproportionality Reporting Related to Adverse Reactions to Antiepileptic Cannabidiol in VigiBase. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1420. [PMID: 37895891 PMCID: PMC10610535 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol is the first cannabis-derived drug approved for the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Dravet syndrome, and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex. In the current study, we performed a descriptive analysis followed by a disproportionality analysis of potential adverse events caused by CBD extracted from the VigiBase® database. Furthermore, the biological plausibility of the association between CBD and the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor as a possible cause of adverse events was analyzed and discussed. Data were extracted from the VigiBase® database using the VigiLyze® signal detection and signal management tool. Adverse events in VigiBase® reports were coded using MedDRA, version 19 of Preferred Terms (PTs). Data were uploaded into SPSS software and analyzed via a disproportionality analysis. Statistically significant disproportionality signals for CBD were found for "weight decreased" (5.19 (95% CI: 4.54-5.70)), "hypophagia" (3.68 (95% CI: 3.22-5.27)), and "insomnia" (1.6 (95% CI: 1.40-1.83)). Positive IC025 values were found for "weight decreased" (2.2), "hypophagia" (1.3), and "insomnia" (0.5), indicating a surplus of reported cases. CBD's interactions with 5-HT1A serotonin receptors may offer a potential biological explanation for the occurrence of insomnia in patients. It is noteworthy that the risk profiles mentioned in the information for prescribing CBD as an antiepileptic agent by regulatory agencies showed disparities specifically related to the adverse event "insomnia".
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Calapai
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Carmen Mannucci
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Liana McQuain
- Université de Bordeaux, European Training Programme in Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology (Eu2P), F-33000 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Francesco Salvo
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Pharmacologie Médicale, Centre Régional de Pharmacovigilance de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France;
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health, U1219, AHeaD Team, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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Orrico-Sanchez A, Guiard BP, Manta S, Callebert J, Launay JM, Louis F, Paccard A, Gruszczynski C, Betancur C, Vialou V, Gautron S. Organic cation transporter 2 contributes to SSRI antidepressant efficacy by controlling tryptophan availability in the brain. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:302. [PMID: 37775532 PMCID: PMC10542329 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02596-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are common first-line treatments for major depression. However, a significant number of depressed patients do not respond adequately to these pharmacological treatments. In the present preclinical study, we demonstrate that organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2), an atypical monoamine transporter, contributes to the effects of SSRI by regulating the routing of the essential amino acid tryptophan to the brain. Contrarily to wild-type mice, OCT2-invalidated mice failed to respond to prolonged fluoxetine treatment in a chronic depression model induced by corticosterone exposure recapitulating core symptoms of depression, i.e., anhedonia, social withdrawal, anxiety, and memory impairment. After corticosterone and fluoxetine treatment, the levels of tryptophan and its metabolites serotonin and kynurenine were decreased in the brain of OCT2 mutant mice compared to wild-type mice and reciprocally tryptophan and kynurenine levels were increased in mutants' plasma. OCT2 was detected by immunofluorescence in several structures at the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or brain-CSF interface. Tryptophan supplementation during fluoxetine treatment increased brain concentrations of tryptophan and, more discreetly, of 5-HT in wild-type and OCT2 mutant mice. Importantly, tryptophan supplementation improved the sensitivity to fluoxetine treatment of OCT2 mutant mice, impacting chiefly anhedonia and short-term memory. Western blot analysis showed that glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) and mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) intracellular signaling was impaired in OCT2 mutant mice brain after corticosterone and fluoxetine treatment and, conversely, tryptophan supplementation recruited selectively the mTOR protein complex 2. This study provides the first evidence of the physiological relevance of OCT2-mediated tryptophan transport, and its biological consequences on serotonin homeostasis in the brain and SSRI efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno P Guiard
- Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, Research Center on Animal Cognition, Toulouse, France
| | - Stella Manta
- Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, Research Center on Animal Cognition, Toulouse, France
| | - Jacques Callebert
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Launay
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Franck Louis
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Paccard
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | | | - Catalina Betancur
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Vialou
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France.
| | - Sophie Gautron
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France.
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Ambrogini P, Lattanzi D, Pagliarini M, Di Palma M, Sartini S, Cuppini R, Fuxe K, Borroto-Escuela DO. 5HT1AR-FGFR1 Heteroreceptor Complexes Differently Modulate GIRK Currents in the Dorsal Hippocampus and the Dorsal Raphe Serotonin Nucleus of Control Rats and of a Genetic Rat Model of Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087467. [PMID: 37108630 PMCID: PMC10144171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The midbrain raphe serotonin (5HT) neurons provide the main ascending serotonergic projection to the forebrain, including hippocampus, which has a role in the pathophysiology of depressive disorder. Serotonin 5HT1A receptor (R) activation at the soma-dendritic level of serotonergic raphe neurons and glutamatergic hippocampal pyramidal neurons leads to a decrease in neuronal firing by activation of G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels. In this raphe-hippocampal serotonin neuron system, the existence of 5HT1AR-FGFR1 heteroreceptor complexes has been proven, but the functional receptor-receptor interactions in the heterocomplexes have only been investigated in CA1 pyramidal neurons of control Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. In the current study, considering the impact of the receptor interplay in developing new antidepressant drugs, the effects of 5HT1AR-FGFR1 complex activation were investigated in hippocampal pyramidal neurons and in midbrain dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons of SD rats and of a genetic rat model of depression (the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rats of SD origin) using an electrophysiological approach. The results showed that in the raphe-hippocampal 5HT system of SD rats, 5HT1AR-FGFR1 heteroreceptor activation by specific agonists reduced the ability of the 5HT1AR protomer to open the GIRK channels through the allosteric inhibitory interplay produced by the activation of the FGFR1 protomer, leading to increased neuronal firing. On the contrary, in FSL rats, FGFR1 agonist-induced inhibitory allosteric action at the 5HT1AR protomer was not able to induce this effect on GIRK channels, except in CA2 neurons where we demonstrated that the functional receptor-receptor interaction is needed for producing the effect on GIRK. In keeping with this evidence, hippocampal plasticity, evaluated as long-term potentiation induction ability in the CA1 field, was impaired by 5HT1AR activation both in SD and in FSL rats, which did not develop after combined 5HT1AR-FGFR1 heterocomplex activation in SD rats. It is therefore proposed that in the genetic FSL model of depression, there is a significant reduction in the allosteric inhibition exerted by the FGFR1 protomer on the 5HT1A protomer-mediated opening of the GIRK channels in the 5HT1AR-FGFR1 heterocomplex located in the raphe-hippocampal serotonin system. This may result in an enhanced inhibition of the dorsal raphe 5HT nerve cell and glutamatergic hippocampal CA1 pyramidal nerve cell firing, which we propose may have a role in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Ambrogini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Università di Urbino Carlo Bo, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Davide Lattanzi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Università di Urbino Carlo Bo, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Marica Pagliarini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Università di Urbino Carlo Bo, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Michael Di Palma
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Politecnica delle Marche, I-60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefano Sartini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Università di Urbino Carlo Bo, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cuppini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Università di Urbino Carlo Bo, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dasiel Oscar Borroto-Escuela
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Human Physiology, Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29017 Malaga, Spain
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Sales AJ, Maciel IS, Crestani CC, Guimarães FS, Joca SR. S-adenosyl-l-methionine antidepressant-like effects involve activation of 5-HT 1A receptors. Neurochem Int 2023; 162:105442. [PMID: 36402294 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAMe), a methyl donor, induces antidepressant effects in preclinical and clinical studies of depression. However, the mechanisms behind these effects have been poorly investigated. Since SAMe is involved in monoamine metabolism, this work aimed at 1) testing the effects induced by systemic treatment with SAMe in mice submitted to the forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST); 2) investigating the involvement of serotonergic neurotransmission in the behavioral effects induced by SAMe. To do that, male Swiss mice received systemic injections (1 injection/day, 1 or 7 days) of imipramine (30 mg/kg), L-methionine (400, 800, 1600, and 3200 mg/kg), SAMe (10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg), or vehicle (10 ml/kg) and were submitted to the FST or TST, 30 min after the last injection. The effect of SAMe (50 mg/kg) was further investigated in independent groups of male Swiss mice pretreated with p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, serotonin synthesis inhibitor, 150 mg/kg daily, 4 days) or with WAY100635 (5-HT1A receptor antagonist, 0.1 mg/kg, 1 injection). One independent group was submitted to the FST and euthanized immediately after for collection of brain samples for neurochemical analyses. Serotonin (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA) levels were measured in the hippocampus (HPC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Furthermore, to investigate if the treatments used could induce any significant exploratory/motor effect which would interfere with the FST results, the animals were also submitted to the open field test (OFT). The administration of imipramine (30 mg/kg), L-methionine (400, 800, 1600, and 3200 mg/kg), and SAMe (10 and 50 mg/kg) reduced the immobility time in the FST, an effect blocked by pretreatment with PCPA and WAY100635. None of the treatments increased the locomotion in the OFT. In conclusion, our results suggest that the antidepressant-like effects induced by SAMe treatment are dependent on serotonin synthesis and 5-HT1A receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Sales
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil.
| | - Izaque S Maciel
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara-SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco S Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
| | - Sâmia Rl Joca
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil; Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Mayer FP, Niello M, Cintulova D, Sideromenos S, Maier J, Li Y, Bulling S, Kudlacek O, Schicker K, Iwamoto H, Deng F, Wan J, Holy M, Katamish R, Sandtner W, Li Y, Pollak DD, Blakely RD, Mihovilovic MD, Baumann MH, Sitte HH. Serotonin-releasing agents with reduced off-target effects. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:722-732. [PMID: 36352123 PMCID: PMC9645344 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01843-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Increasing extracellular levels of serotonin (5-HT) in the brain ameliorates symptoms of depression and anxiety-related disorders, e.g., social phobias and post-traumatic stress disorder. Recent evidence from preclinical and clinical studies established the therapeutic potential of drugs inducing the release of 5-HT via the 5-HT-transporter. Nevertheless, current 5-HT releasing compounds under clinical investigation carry the risk for abuse and deleterious side effects. Here, we demonstrate that S-enantiomers of certain ring-substituted cathinones show preference for the release of 5-HT ex vivo and in vivo, and exert 5-HT-associated effects in preclinical behavioral models. Importantly, the lead cathinone compounds (1) do not induce substantial dopamine release and (2) display reduced off-target activity at vesicular monoamine transporters and 5-HT2B-receptors, indicative of low abuse-liability and low potential for adverse events. Taken together, our findings identify these agents as lead compounds that may prove useful for the treatment of disorders where elevation of 5-HT has proven beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix P. Mayer
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 13a, 1090 Vienna, Austria ,grid.255951.fDepartment of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458 USA
| | - Marco Niello
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 13a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Cintulova
- grid.5329.d0000 0001 2348 4034Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Spyridon Sideromenos
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian Maier
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 13a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yang Li
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 13a, 1090 Vienna, Austria ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Present Address: Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Simon Bulling
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 13a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Kudlacek
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 13a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Schicker
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 13a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hideki Iwamoto
- grid.255951.fStiles-Nicholson Brain Institute and Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458 USA
| | - Fei Deng
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319IDG McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Jinxia Wan
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319IDG McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Marion Holy
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 13a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rania Katamish
- grid.255951.fDepartment of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458 USA
| | - Walter Sandtner
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 13a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yulong Li
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319IDG McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Daniela D. Pollak
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Randy D. Blakely
- grid.255951.fDepartment of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458 USA ,grid.255951.fStiles-Nicholson Brain Institute and Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458 USA
| | - Marko D. Mihovilovic
- grid.5329.d0000 0001 2348 4034Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael H. Baumann
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Designer Drug Research Unit, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Harald H. Sitte
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 13a, 1090 Vienna, Austria ,grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492AddRess, Center for Addiction Research and Science, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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9
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Salvan P, Fonseca M, Winkler AM, Beauchamp A, Lerch JP, Johansen-Berg H. Serotonin regulation of behavior via large-scale neuromodulation of serotonin receptor networks. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:53-63. [PMID: 36522497 PMCID: PMC9829536 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although we understand how serotonin receptors function at the single-cell level, what role different serotonin receptors play in regulating brain-wide activity and, in turn, human behavior, remains unknown. Here, we developed transcriptomic-neuroimaging mapping to characterize brain-wide functional signatures associated with specific serotonin receptors: serotonin receptor networks (SRNs). Probing SRNs with optogenetics-functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and pharmacology in mice, we show that activation of dorsal raphe serotonin neurons differentially modulates the amplitude and functional connectivity of different SRNs, showing that receptors' spatial distributions can confer specificity not only at the local, but also at the brain-wide, network level. In humans, using resting-state functional MRI, SRNs replicate established divisions of serotonin effects on impulsivity and negative biases. These results provide compelling evidence that heterogeneous brain-wide distributions of different serotonin receptor types may underpin behaviorally distinct modes of serotonin regulation. This suggests that serotonin neurons may regulate multiple aspects of human behavior via modulation of large-scale receptor networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piergiorgio Salvan
- Wellcome Centre For Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Madalena Fonseca
- Wellcome Centre For Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anderson M Winkler
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Antoine Beauchamp
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Wellcome Centre For Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heidi Johansen-Berg
- Wellcome Centre For Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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10
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Serotonin 5-HT 1B receptors mediate the antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects of ventromedial prefrontal cortex deep brain stimulation in a mouse model of social defeat. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:3875-3892. [PMID: 36282287 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) delivered to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) induces antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like responses in various animal models. Electrophysiology and neurochemical studies suggest that these effects may be dependent, at least in part, on the serotonergic system. In rodents, vmPFC DBS reduces raphe cell firing and increases serotonin (5-HT) release and the expression of serotonergic receptors in different brain regions. METHODS We examined whether the behavioural responses of chronic vmPFC DBS are mediated by 5-HT1A or 5-HT1B receptors through a series of experiments. First, we delivered stimulation to mice undergoing chronic social defeat stress (CSDS), followed by a battery of behavioural tests. Second, we measured the expression of 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors in different brain regions with western blot. Finally, we conducted pharmacological experiments to mitigate the behavioural effects of DBS using the 5-HT1A antagonist, WAY-100635, or the 5-HT1B antagonist, GR-127935. RESULTS We found that chronic DBS delivered to stressed animals reduced the latency to feed in the novelty suppressed feeding test (NSF) and immobility in the forced swim test (FST). Though no significant changes were observed in receptor expression, 5-HT1B levels in DBS-treated animals were found to be non-significantly increased in the vmPFC, hippocampus, and nucleus accumbens and reduced in the raphe compared to non-stimulated controls. Finally, while animals given vmPFC stimulation along with WAY-100635 still presented significant responses in the NSF and FST, these were mitigated following GR-127935 administration. CONCLUSIONS The antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects of DBS in rodents may be partially mediated by 5-HT1B receptors.
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11
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Sun N, Qin YJ, Xu C, Xia T, Du ZW, Zheng LP, Li AA, Meng F, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Liu X, Li TY, Zhu DY, Zhou QG. Design of fast-onset antidepressant by dissociating SERT from nNOS in the DRN. Science 2022; 378:390-398. [PMID: 36302033 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo3566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common mental disorders. We designed a fast-onset antidepressant that works by disrupting the interaction between the serotonin transporter (SERT) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CMS) selectively increased the SERT-nNOS complex in the DRN in mice. Augmentation of SERT-nNOS interactions in the DRN caused a depression-like phenotype and accounted for the CMS-induced depressive behaviors. Disrupting the SERT-nNOS interaction produced a fast-onset antidepressant effect by enhancing serotonin signaling in forebrain circuits. We discovered a small-molecule compound, ZZL-7, that elicited an antidepressant effect 2 hours after treatment without undesirable side effects. This compound, or analogous reagents, may serve as a new, rapidly acting treatment for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Clinic Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Ya-Juan Qin
- Department of Pharmacochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Clinic Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Tian Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Clinic Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zi-Wei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Clinic Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Li-Ping Zheng
- Department of Pharmacochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - An-An Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xu Zhou 221004, China
| | - Fan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Clinic Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Clinic Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Clinic Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ting-You Li
- Department of Pharmacochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Dong-Ya Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Clinic Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- The Key Center of Gene Technology Drugs of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qi-Gang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Clinic Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- The Key Center of Gene Technology Drugs of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Department of Clinic Pharmacology, Sir runrun Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211167, China
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12
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Layunta E, Latorre E, Grasa L, Arruebo MP, Buey B, Alcalde AI, Mesonero JE. Intestinal serotonergic system is modulated by Toll-like receptor 9. J Physiol Biochem 2022; 78:689-701. [PMID: 35670957 PMCID: PMC9381617 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-022-00897-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal serotonergic system is a key modulator of intestinal homeostasis; however, its regulation is still unclear. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), an innate immune receptor, detects different external agents in the intestine, preserving intestinal integrity. Since little is known about TLR9 role in the intestine, our aim was to address the potential regulation between TLR9 and intestinal serotonergic system. Caco-2/TC7 cell line and intestinal tract of Tlr9−/− mice were used in this study. Serotonin uptake studies were performed, and molecular expression of different serotonergic components was analyzed by western blot and real-time PCR. Our results show that TLR9 activation inhibits serotonin transporter activity and expression, involving p38/MAPK and ERK/MAPK intracellular pathways, and reciprocally, serotonin increases TLR9 expression. Supporting this interaction, serotonin transporter, serotonin receptors and serotonin producer enzymes were found altered in intestinal tract of Tlr9−/− mice. We conclude that TLR9 could contribute to intestinal homeostasis by modulation of intestinal serotonergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Layunta
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eva Latorre
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain. .,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2- (Universidad de Zaragoza - CITA), Zaragoza, Spain. .,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Laura Grasa
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2- (Universidad de Zaragoza - CITA), Zaragoza, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina Legal y Forense, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Pilar Arruebo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2- (Universidad de Zaragoza - CITA), Zaragoza, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina Legal y Forense, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Berta Buey
- Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina Legal y Forense, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana I Alcalde
- Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina Legal y Forense, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José E Mesonero
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2- (Universidad de Zaragoza - CITA), Zaragoza, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina Legal y Forense, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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13
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Haleem DJ, Salman T, Nawaz S, Ikram H. Co-treatment with low doses of buspirone prevents rewarding effects of methylphenidate and upregulates expression of 5-HT1A receptor mRNA in the nucleus accumbens. Behav Brain Res 2021; 418:113660. [PMID: 34752844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating studies consistently show that methylphenidate (MPD), the first line drug for treating Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), is abused by patients to whom the drug is prescribed. Like other psychostimulants, only low doses of MPD improve cognitive performance while higher doses impair it. Preventing the use of high doses of MPD is important for retaining its therapeutic efficacy. Previously, it has been shown that performance in Morris water maze test is improved in rats treated, orally, with MPD in doses of 2.5 mg/kg; but higher doses (5 mg/kg) impair it. The present study is designed to monitor rewarding effects of 2.5 mg/kg MPD in conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm and its potential inhibition in buspirone co-treated animals. Our results show that rewarding effects of MPD in CPP paradigm are prevented in rats co-treated with buspirone in doses of 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg. Animals treated with MPD exhibit a downregulation of 5-HT1A receptor mRNA in the nucleus accumbens which is also prevented in rats co-treated with 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg but not 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg buspirone. Administration of buspirone in these doses is not rewarding in CPP test and upregulates 5-HT1A receptor mRNA in the nucleus accumbens. The findings suggest that co-use of low doses of buspirone can prevent rewarding effects of MPD to help retain its therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darakhshan Jabeen Haleem
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine & Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Science (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Tabinda Salman
- National Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Nawaz
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine & Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Science (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Huma Ikram
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Pakistan
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14
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Rock EM, Limebeer CL, Pertwee RG, Mechoulam R, Parker LA. Therapeutic Potential of Cannabidiol, Cannabidiolic Acid, and Cannabidiolic Acid Methyl Ester as Treatments for Nausea and Vomiting. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2021; 6:266-274. [PMID: 34115951 DOI: 10.1089/can.2021.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Nausea and vomiting are the most distressing symptoms reported by oncology patients undergoing anticancer treatment. With the currently available treatments, vomiting and especially nausea remain problematic, highlighting the need for alternative treatments. Discussion: Here we review in vitro and in vivo evidence for the effectiveness of the nonpsychoactive cannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) in managing nausea and vomiting. In addition, we also review the evidence for CBD's acidic precursor, cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), and a methylated version of CBDA (CBDA-ME) in these phenomena. Finally, we explore the potential role of CBD in the treatment of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome. Conclusions: CBD has demonstrated efficacy in reducing nausea and vomiting, with CBDA and CBDA-ME being more potent. The data suggest a need for these compounds to be evaluated in clinical trials for their ability to reduce nausea and/or vomiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Rock
- Collaborative Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cheryl L Limebeer
- Collaborative Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger G Pertwee
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Raphael Mechoulam
- Institute for Drug Research, Medical Faculty, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Linda A Parker
- Collaborative Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Murphy SE, de Cates AN, Gillespie AL, Godlewska BR, Scaife JC, Wright LC, Cowen PJ, Harmer CJ. Translating the promise of 5HT 4 receptor agonists for the treatment of depression. Psychol Med 2021; 51:1111-1120. [PMID: 32241310 PMCID: PMC8188527 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720000604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Animal experimental studies suggest that 5-HT4 receptor activation holds promise as a novel target for the treatment of depression and cognitive impairment. 5-HT4 receptors are post-synaptic receptors that are located in striatal and limbic areas known to be involved in cognition and mood. Consistent with this, 5-HT4 receptor agonists produce rapid antidepressant effects in a number of animal models of depression, and pro-cognitive effects in tasks of learning and memory. These effects are accompanied by molecular changes, such as the increased expression of neuroplasticity-related proteins that are typical of clinically useful antidepressant drugs. Intriguingly, these antidepressant-like effects have a fast onset of their action, raising the possibility that 5-HT4 receptor agonists may be a particularly useful augmentation strategy in the early stages of SSRI treatment. Until recently, the translation of these effects to humans has been challenging. Here, we review the evidence from animal studies that the 5-HT4 receptor is a promising target for the treatment of depression and cognitive disorders, and outline a potential pathway for the efficient and cost-effective translation of these effects into humans and, ultimately, to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah E Murphy
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Angharad N de Cates
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Amy L Gillespie
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Beata R Godlewska
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Jessica C Scaife
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucy C Wright
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip J Cowen
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Catherine J Harmer
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
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16
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Martin H, Bullich S, Guiard BP, Fioramonti X. The impact of insulin on the serotonergic system and consequences on diabetes-associated mood disorders. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e12928. [PMID: 33506507 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The idea that insulin could influence emotional behaviours has long been suggested. However, the underlying mechanisms have yet to be solved and there is no direct and clear-cut evidence demonstrating that such action involves brain serotonergic neurones. Indeed, initial arguments in favour of the association between insulin, serotonin and mood arise from clinical or animal studies showing that impaired insulin action in type 1 or type 2 diabetes causes anxiety- and depressive symptoms along with blunted plasma and brain serotonin levels. The present review synthesises the main mechanistic hypotheses that might explain the comorbidity between diabetes and depression. It also provides a state of knowledge of the direct and indirect experimental evidence that insulin modulates brain serotonergic neurones. Finally, it highlights the literature suggesting that antidiabetic drugs present antidepressant-like effects and, conversely, that serotonergic antidepressants impact glucose homeostasis. Overall, this review provides mechanistic insights into how insulin signalling alters serotonergic neurotransmission and related behaviours bringing new targets for therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Martin
- NutriNeuro, UMR 1286 INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sébastien Bullich
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), CNRS UMR5169, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno P Guiard
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), CNRS UMR5169, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Xavier Fioramonti
- NutriNeuro, UMR 1286 INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
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17
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Grinchii D, Dremencov E. Mechanism of Action of Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs in Mood Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249532. [PMID: 33333774 PMCID: PMC7765178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atypical antipsychotic drugs were introduced in the early 1990s. Unlike typical antipsychotics, which are effective only against positive symptoms of schizophrenia, atypical antipsychotics are effective against negative and cognitive symptoms as well. Furthermore, they are effective not only in psychotic but also in affective disorders, on their own or as adjuncts to antidepressant drugs. This review presents the neural mechanisms of currently existing atypical antipsychotics and putative antipsychotics currently being investigated in preclinical and clinical studies and how these relate to their effectiveness in mood disorders such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Typical antipsychotics act almost exclusively on the dopamine system. Atypical drugs, however, modulate serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine, and/or histamine neurotransmission as well. This multimodal mechanism of action putatively underlies the beneficial effect of atypical antipsychotics in mood and anxiety disorders. Interestingly, novel experimental drugs having dual antipsychotic and antidepressant therapeutic potential, such as histamine, adenosine, and trace amine-associated receptors (TAAR) ligand, are also characterized by a multimodal stimulatory effect on central 5-HT, norepinephrine, and/or histamine transmission. The multimodal stimulatory effect on central monoamine neurotransmission may be thus primarily responsible for the combined antidepressant and antipsychotic therapeutic potential of certain central nervous system (CNS) drugs.
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18
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Stemick J, Gauer C, Wihan J, Moceri S, Xiang W, von Hörsten S, Kohl Z, Winkler J. Compensatory neuritogenesis of serotonergic afferents within the striatum of a transgenic rat model of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res 2020; 1748:147119. [PMID: 32919983 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The majority of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) suffer from L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). Besides a dysfunctional dopaminergic system, changes of the serotonergic network may be linked to this severe and adverse symptom. Particularly, serotonergic neurons have the potential to synthesize dopamine, likely associated with a disproportional dopamine release within the striatum. We hypothesized that the serotonergic system is adaptively altered in the striatum due to the reduced dopaminergic input. To answer this question, we analyzed a transgenic rat PD model ubiquitously expressing human α-synuclein using a bacterial artificial chromosome. Neurite analysis showed a profound loss of dopaminergic fibers by ~30-40% within the dorsal striatum paralleled by a ~50% reduction of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. In contrast, serotonergic fibers showed an increased fiber density in the dorsal striatum by ~100%, while the number of serotonergic neurons within the raphe nuclei (RN) and its proximal neuritic processes were unaffected. Furthermore, both the dopaminergic and serotonergic fiber density remained unchanged in the neighboring motor cortex M1/M2. Interestingly, essential enzymes required for L-DOPA turnover and dopamine release were expressed in serotonergic neurons of the RN. In parallel, the serotonergic autoreceptor levels involved in a serotonergic negative feedback loop were reduced within the striatum, suggesting a dysfunctional neurotransmitter release. Overall, the increased serotonergic fiber density with its capacity for dopamine release within the striatum suggests a compensatory, site-specific serotonergic neuritogenesis. This maladaptive serotonergic plasticity may be linked to adverse symptoms such as LIDs in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Stemick
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carina Gauer
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jeanette Wihan
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sandra Moceri
- Department of Experimental Therapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan von Hörsten
- Department of Experimental Therapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zacharias Kohl
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; present address: Department of Neurology, University Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Winkler
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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19
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Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-HT4 receptor stimulation has pro-cognitive and antidepressant-like effects in animal experimental studies; however, this pharmacological approach has not yet been tested in humans. Here we used the 5-HT4 receptor partial agonist prucalopride to assess the translatability of these effects and characterise, for the first time, the consequences of 5-HT4 receptor activation on human cognition and emotion. METHODS Forty one healthy volunteers were randomised, double-blind, to a single dose of prucalopride (1 mg) or placebo in a parallel group design. They completed a battery of cognitive tests measuring learning and memory, emotional processing and reward sensitivity. RESULTS Prucalopride increased recall of words in a verbal learning task, increased the accuracy of recall and recognition of words in an incidental emotional memory task and increased the probability of choosing a symbol associated with a high likelihood of reward or absence of loss in a probabilistic instrumental learning task. Thus acute prucalopride produced pro-cognitive effects in healthy volunteers across three separate tasks. CONCLUSIONS These findings are a translation of the memory enhancing effects of 5-HT4 receptor agonism seen in animal studies, and lend weight to the idea that the 5-HT4 receptor could be an innovative target for the treatment of cognitive deficits associated with depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Contrary to the effects reported in animal models, prucalopride did not reveal an antidepressant profile in human measures of emotional processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah E Murphy
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucy C Wright
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Browning
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip J Cowen
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Catherine J Harmer
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
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20
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Haleem DJ. Glucocorticoids in the Physiological and Transcriptional Regulation of 5-HT1A Receptor and the Pathogenesis of Depression. Neuroscientist 2020; 28:59-68. [PMID: 33243080 DOI: 10.1177/1073858420975711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is growing increase in the global prevalence of depression, but treatment outcome of this highly disabling disease is not satisfactory. Many patients are not benefitted by the currently prescribed antidepressants-together with this partial remission is very common. Improving treatment strategies and developing better therapeutic agents for treating depression is therefore highly needed. Stress-related epigenetic changes play a critical role in the pathogenesis as well as treatment of depression. Stressful events activate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to increase circulating levels of glucocorticoids (GCs), and a greater sensitivity to this fright and flight response increases risk of depression. A role of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) in responses to stress and in the pathogenesis and treatment of depression is well established. Substantial evidence supports a critical role of 5-HT1A receptors in these effects of 5-HT. The present article targets stress-induced higher and sustained increases of GCs and mediated influences on the physiological as well transcriptional regulation of 5-HT1A receptors to evaluate their causal role in the pathogenesis of depression. It is suggested that synthetic compounds with antagonist activity for GC receptors and agonist activity for 5-HT1A receptors may prove better therapeutic agents for treating depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darakhshan Jabeen Haleem
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine & Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Science, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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21
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Yaman B, Bal R. Pindolol potentiates the antidepressant effect of venlafaxine by inhibiting 5-HT1A receptor in DRN neurons of mice. Int J Neurosci 2020; 132:23-30. [DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1797723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Burak Yaman
- Medicine Faculty, Department of Physiology, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Bal
- Medicine Faculty, Department of Physiology, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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22
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Serotonin hyperpolarizes the dorsal raphe nucleus neurons of mice by activating G protein–coupled inward rectifier potassium channels. Neuroreport 2020; 31:928-935. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Retinoic acid and depressive disorders: Evidence and possible neurobiological mechanisms. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 112:376-391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Thorstensen JR, Taylor JL, Tucker MG, Kavanagh JJ. Enhanced serotonin availability amplifies fatigue perception and modulates the TMS‐induced silent period during sustained low‐intensity elbow flexions. J Physiol 2020; 598:2685-2701. [DOI: 10.1113/jp279347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Janet L. Taylor
- School of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan University Perth Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia Sydney Australia
| | - Murray G. Tucker
- Mental HealthDrugs and Alcohol ServiceBarwon HealthUniversity Hospital Geelong Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - Justin J. Kavanagh
- Menzies Health Institute QueenslandGriffith University Gold Coast Australia
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25
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Pillai RLI, Bartlett EA, Ananth MR, Zhu C, Yang J, Hajcak G, Parsey RV, DeLorenzo C. Examining the underpinnings of loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials with positron emission tomography. Neuroimage 2020; 213:116733. [PMID: 32169543 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) has long been considered to reflect central basal serotonin transmission. However, the relationship between LDAEP and individual serotonin receptors and transporters has not been fully explored in humans and may involve other neurotransmitter systems. To examine LDAEP's relationship with the serotonin system, we performed PET using serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) imaging via [11C]CUMI-101 and serotonin transporter (5-HTT) imaging via [11C]DASB on a mixed sample of healthy controls (n = 4: 4 females, 0 males), patients with unipolar (MDD, n = 11: 4 females, 7 males) and bipolar depression (BD, n = 8: 4 females, 4 males). On these same participants, we also performed electroencephalography (EEG) within a week of PET scanning, using 1000 Hz tones of varying intensity to evoke LDAEP. We then evaluated the relationship between LDAEP and 5-HT1A or 5-HTT binding in both the raphe (5-HT1A)/midbrain (5-HTT) areas and in the temporal cortex. We found that LDAEP was significantly correlated with 5-HT1A positively and with 5-HTT negatively in the temporal cortex (p < 0.05), but not correlated with either in midbrain or raphe. In males only, exploratory analysis showed multiple regions in which LDAEP significantly correlated with 5-HT1A throughout the brain; we did not find this with 5-HTT. This multimodal study partially validates preclinical models of a serotonergic influence on LDAEP. Replication in larger samples is necessary to further clarify our understanding of the role of serotonin in perception of auditory tones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth A Bartlett
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, United States
| | - Mala R Ananth
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, United States
| | - Chencan Zhu
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, United States
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, United States
| | - Greg Hajcak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Psychology, Florida State University, United States
| | - Ramin V Parsey
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, United States
| | - Christine DeLorenzo
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, United States
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26
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Alvarez Silva A, Fernández-Guasti A. The combination of mirtazapine plus venlafaxine reduces immobility in the forced swim test and does not inhibit female sexual behavior. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019; 187:172817. [PMID: 31655085 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.172817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depression is a psychiatric disorder with higher incidence in women. Among the most common and less investigated adverse effects of antidepressants are the female sexual dysfunctions. Up to one third of the patients fail to respond to antidepressants; therefore, more treatment alternatives are necessary. The combination of mirtazapine plus venlafaxine, known as "California Rocket Fuel" has shown to be an option for treatment-resistant depression. However, there are no reports of the effects of this combination in animal models and its action on female sexual behavior is unknown. AIM To analyze the effect of mirtazapine and venlafaxine alone or combined -given at doses with actions on the forced swim test- on female rat sexual behavior. METHODS Mirtazapine (10, 20 or 40 mg/kg) and venlafaxine (15, 30 or 60 mg/kg) or their combinations (2.5/3.75, 5/7.5, 10/15 and 20/30 mg/kg mirtazapine and venlafaxine, respectively) were injected to sexually receptive female rats. We evaluated their effect on the forced swim test (FST). The doses that reduced immobility were tested on proceptivity and receptivity. RESULTS Mirtazapine (40 mg/kg) and venlafaxine (60 mg/kg), administered alone, or combined (mirtazapine, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg plus venlafaxine, 7.5, 15 and 30 mg/kg) reduced immobility, but affected motor activity. However, the reduced locomotion after the lowest combination (5/7.5 mg/kg) was smaller. Mirtazapine at 40 mg/kg reduced proceptivity and receptivity, while 60 mg/kg venlafaxine only decreased proceptivity. The combination of 5/7.5 mg/kg mirtazapine and venlafaxine did not affect female sexual behavior. CONCLUSIONS Mirtazapine and venlafaxine exerted an effect in the FST, which was also evident when sub-effective doses of both antidepressants were combined. This combination also lacked adverse effects on female sexual behavior. The results suggest that "California Rocket Fuel" could be an effective antidepressant therapy with no adverse sexual effects in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Alvarez Silva
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - Alonso Fernández-Guasti
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México..
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27
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Cook IA, Congdon E, Krantz DE, Hunter AM, Coppola G, Hamilton SP, Leuchter AF. Time Course of Changes in Peripheral Blood Gene Expression During Medication Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder. Front Genet 2019; 10:870. [PMID: 31620172 PMCID: PMC6760033 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in gene expression (GE) during antidepressant treatment may increase understanding of the action of antidepressant medications and serve as biomarkers of efficacy. GE changes in peripheral blood are desirable because they can be assessed easily on multiple occasions during treatment. We report here on GE changes in 68 individuals who were treated for 8 weeks with either escitalopram alone, or escitalopram followed by bupropion. GE changes were assessed after 1, 2, and 8 weeks of treatment, with significant changes observed in 156, 121, and 585 peripheral blood gene transcripts, respectively. Thirty-one transcript changes were shared between the 1- and 8-week time points (seven upregulated, 24 downregulated). Differences were detected between the escitalopram- and bupropion-treated subjects, although there was no significant association between GE changes and clinical outcome. A subset of 18 genes overlapped with those previously identified as differentially expressed in subjects with MDD compared with healthy control subjects. There was statistically significant overlap between genes differentially expressed in the current and previous studies, with 10 genes overlapping in at least two previous studies. There was no enrichment for genes overexpressed in nervous system cell types, but there was a trend toward enrichment for genes in the WNT/β-catenin pathway in the anterior thalamus; three genes in this pathway showed differential expression in the present and in three previous studies. Our dataset and other similar studies will provide an important source of information about potential biomarkers of recovery and for potential dysregulation of GE in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Cook
- Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering at Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eliza Congdon
- Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David E Krantz
- Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Aimee M Hunter
- Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Steven P Hamilton
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Andrew F Leuchter
- Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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28
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Pillai RL, Zhang M, Yang J, Mann JJ, Oquendo MA, Parsey RV, DeLorenzo C. Molecular connectivity disruptions in males with major depressive disorder. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39. [PMID: 29519187 PMCID: PMC6681531 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18764053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In most positron emission tomography (PET) molecular brain imaging studies, regions of interest have been defined anatomically and examined in isolation. However, by defining regions based on physiology and examining relationships between them, we may derive more sensitive measures of receptor abnormalities in conditions such as major depressive disorder (MDD). Using an average of 52 normalized binding potential maps, acquired using radiotracer [11C]-WAY100635 and full arterial input analysis, we identified two molecular volumes of interest (VOIs) with contiguously high serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT1A) binding sites: the olfactory sulcus (OLFS) and a band of tissue including piriform, olfactory, and entorhinal cortex (PRF). We applied these VOIs to a separate cohort of 25 healthy control males and 16 males with MDD who received [11C]-WAY100635 imaging. Patients with MDD had significantly higher binding than controls in both VOIs, (p < 0.01). To identify potential homeostatic disruptions in MDD, we examined molecular connectivity, i.e. the correlation between binding of raphe nucleus (RN) 5-HT1A autoreceptors and post-synaptic receptors in molecular VOIs. Molecular connectivity was significant in healthy controls (p < 0.01), but not in patients with MDD. This disruption in molecular connectivity allowed identification of MDD cases with high sensitivity (81%) and specificity (88%).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mengru Zhang
- 2 Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jie Yang
- 3 Department of Family, Population, & Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - J John Mann
- 4 Department of Psychiatry, Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria A Oquendo
- 5 Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ramin V Parsey
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Christine DeLorenzo
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,4 Department of Psychiatry, Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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29
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Albert PR, Vahid-Ansari F. The 5-HT1A receptor: Signaling to behavior. Biochimie 2019; 161:34-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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30
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Vahid-Ansari F, Zhang M, Zahrai A, Albert PR. Overcoming Resistance to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors: Targeting Serotonin, Serotonin-1A Receptors and Adult Neuroplasticity. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:404. [PMID: 31114473 PMCID: PMC6502905 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most prevalent mental illness contributing to global disease burden. Selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the first-line treatment for MDD, but are only fully effective in 30% of patients and require weeks before improvement may be seen. About 30% of SSRI-resistant patients may respond to augmentation or switching to another antidepressant, often selected by trial and error. Hence a better understanding of the causes of SSRI resistance is needed to provide models for optimizing treatment. Since SSRIs enhance 5-HT, in this review we discuss new findings on the circuitry, development and function of the 5-HT system in modulating behavior, and on how 5-HT neuronal activity is regulated. We focus on the 5-HT1A autoreceptor, which controls 5-HT activity, and the 5-HT1A heteroreceptor that mediates 5-HT actions. A series of mice models now implicate increased levels of 5-HT1A autoreceptors in SSRI resistance, and the requirement of hippocampal 5-HT1A heteroreceptor for neurogenic and behavioral response to SSRIs. We also present clinical data that show promise for identifying biomarkers of 5-HT activity, 5-HT1A regulation and regional changes in brain activity in MDD patients that may provide biomarkers for tailored interventions to overcome or bypass resistance to SSRI treatment. We identify a series of potential strategies including inhibiting 5-HT auto-inhibition, stimulating 5-HT1A heteroreceptors, other monoamine systems, or cortical stimulation to overcome SSRI resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul R. Albert
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Neuroscience), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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31
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Farfán-García ED, Márquez-Gómez R, Barrón-González M, Pérez-Capistran T, Rosales-Hernández MC, Pinto-Almazán R, Soriano-Ursúa MA. Monoamines and their Derivatives on GPCRs: Potential Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2019; 16:871-894. [PMID: 30963972 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666190409144558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Albeit cholinergic depletion remains the key event in Alzheimer's Disease (AD), recent information describes stronger links between monoamines (trace amines, catecholamines, histamine, serotonin, and melatonin) and AD than those known in the past century. Therefore, new drug design strategies focus efforts to translate the scope on these topics and to offer new drugs which can be applied as therapeutic tools in AD. In the present work, we reviewed the state-of-art regarding genetic, neuropathology and neurochemistry of AD involving monoamine systems. Then, we compiled the effects of monoamines found in the brain of mammals as well as the reported effects of their derivatives and some structure-activity relationships. Recent derivatives have triggered exciting effects and pharmacokinetic properties in both murine models and humans. In some cases, the mechanism of action is clear, essentially through the interaction on G-protein-coupled receptors as revised in this manuscript. Additional mechanisms are inhibition of enzymes for their biotransformation, regulation of free-radicals in the central nervous system and others for the effects on Tau phosphorylation or amyloid-beta accumulation. All these data make the monoamines and their derivatives attractive potential elements for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice D Farfán-García
- Departamento de Fisiologia y Bioquimica. Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Diaz Miron s/n, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Márquez-Gómez
- MRC Anatomical Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, OX1 3TH, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mónica Barrón-González
- Departamento de Fisiologia y Bioquimica. Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Diaz Miron s/n, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Teresa Pérez-Capistran
- Departamento de Fisiologia y Bioquimica. Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Diaz Miron s/n, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha C Rosales-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biofisica y Biocatalisis, Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Diaz Miron s/n, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Pinto-Almazán
- Unidad de Investigacion Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad Ixtapaluca, Carretera Federal Mexico-Puebla km 34.5, C.P. 56530. Ixtapaluca, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Marvin A Soriano-Ursúa
- Departamento de Fisiologia y Bioquimica. Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Diaz Miron s/n, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
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32
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Wei C, Han X, Weng D, Feng Q, Qi X, Li J, Luo M. Response dynamics of midbrain dopamine neurons and serotonin neurons to heroin, nicotine, cocaine, and MDMA. Cell Discov 2018; 4:60. [PMID: 30416749 PMCID: PMC6218454 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-018-0060-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heroin, nicotine, cocaine, and MDMA are abused by billions of people. They are believed to target midbrain dopamine neurons and/or serotonin neurons, but their effects on the dynamic neuronal activity remain unclear in behaving states. By combining cell-type-specific fiber photometry of Ca2+ signals and intravenous drug infusion, here we show that these four drugs of abuse profoundly modulate the activity of mouse midbrain dopamine neurons and serotonin neurons with distinct potency and kinetics. Heroin strongly activates dopamine neurons, and only excites serotonin neurons at higher doses. Nicotine activates dopamine neurons in merely a few seconds, but produces minimal effects on serotonin neurons. Cocaine and MDMA cause long-lasting suppression of both dopamine neurons and serotonin neurons, although MDMA inhibits serotonin neurons more profoundly. Moreover, these inhibitory effects are mediated through the activity of dopamine and serotonin autoreceptors. These results suggest that the activity of dopamine neurons and that of serotonin neurons are more closely associated with the drug's reinforcing property and the drug's euphorigenic property, respectively. This study also shows that our methodology may facilitate further in-vivo interrogation of neural dynamics using animal models of drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wei
- 1School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China.,2Peking University-Tsinghua University-NIBS Graduate Program, Peking University, Beijing, 100081 China.,3National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Xiao Han
- 4Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850 China
| | - Danwei Weng
- 3National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Qiru Feng
- 3National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Xiangbing Qi
- 3National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Jin Li
- 4Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850 China
| | - Minmin Luo
- 3National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing, 102206 China.,5School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
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33
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Bartlett EA, DeLorenzo C, Sharma P, Yang J, Zhang M, Petkova E, Weissman M, McGrath PJ, Fava M, Ogden RT, Kurian BT, Malchow A, Cooper CM, Trombello JM, McInnis M, Adams P, Oquendo MA, Pizzagalli DA, Trivedi M, Parsey RV. Pretreatment and early-treatment cortical thickness is associated with SSRI treatment response in major depressive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:2221-2230. [PMID: 29955151 PMCID: PMC6135779 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0122-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To date, there are no biomarkers for major depressive disorder (MDD) treatment response in clinical use. Such biomarkers could allow for individualized treatment selection, reducing time spent on ineffective treatments and the burden of MDD. In search of such a biomarker, multisite pretreatment and early-treatment (1 week into treatment) structural magnetic resonance (MR) images were acquired from 184 patients with MDD randomized to an 8-week trial of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) sertraline or placebo. This study represents a large, multisite, placebo-controlled effort to examine the association between pretreatment differences or early-treatment changes in cortical thickness and treatment-specific outcomes. For standardization, a novel, robust site harmonization procedure was applied to structural measures in a priori regions (rostral and caudal anterior cingulate, lateral orbitofrontal, rostral middle frontal, and hippocampus), chosen based on previously published reports. Pretreatment cortical thickness or volume did not significantly associate with SSRI response. Thickening of the rostral anterior cingulate cortex in the first week of treatment was associated with better 8-week responses to SSRI (p = 0.010). These findings indicate that frontal lobe structural alterations in the first week of treatment may be associated with long-term treatment efficacy. While these associational findings may help to elucidate the specific neural targets of SSRIs, the predictive accuracy of pretreatment or early-treatment structural alterations in classifying treatment remitters from nonremitters was limited to 63.9%. Therefore, in this large sample of adults with MDD, structural MR imaging measures were not found to be clinically translatable biomarkers of treatment response to SSRI or placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Bartlett
- 0000 0001 2216 9681grid.36425.36Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - Christine DeLorenzo
- 0000 0001 2216 9681grid.36425.36Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - Priya Sharma
- 0000 0001 2216 9681grid.36425.36Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - Jie Yang
- 0000 0001 2216 9681grid.36425.36Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - Mengru Zhang
- 0000 0001 2216 9681grid.36425.36Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - Eva Petkova
- 0000 0001 2109 4251grid.240324.3Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Population Health, New York University Langone Medical Center, NY, NY USA
| | - Myrna Weissman
- 0000000419368729grid.21729.3fDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons and New York State Psychiatric Institute, NY, NY USA
| | - Patrick J. McGrath
- 0000000419368729grid.21729.3fDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons and New York State Psychiatric Institute, NY, NY USA
| | - Maurizio Fava
- 0000 0004 0386 9924grid.32224.35Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - R. Todd Ogden
- 0000000419368729grid.21729.3fDepartment of Biostatistics, Columbia University, NY, NY USA
| | - Benji T. Kurian
- 0000 0000 9482 7121grid.267313.2Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Ashley Malchow
- 0000 0000 9482 7121grid.267313.2Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Crystal M. Cooper
- 0000 0000 9482 7121grid.267313.2Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Joseph M. Trombello
- 0000 0000 9482 7121grid.267313.2Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Melvin McInnis
- 0000000086837370grid.214458.eDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Phillip Adams
- 0000000419368729grid.21729.3fDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons and New York State Psychiatric Institute, NY, NY USA
| | - Maria A. Oquendo
- 0000 0004 1936 8972grid.25879.31Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Diego A. Pizzagalli
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Madhukar Trivedi
- 0000 0000 9482 7121grid.267313.2Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Ramin V. Parsey
- 0000 0001 2216 9681grid.36425.36Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
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Camacho MB, Anastasio TJ. Computational Model of Antidepressant Response Heterogeneity as Multi-pathway Neuroadaptation. Front Pharmacol 2018; 8:925. [PMID: 29375372 PMCID: PMC5770730 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Current hypotheses cannot fully explain the clinically observed heterogeneity in antidepressant response. The therapeutic latency of antidepressants suggests that therapeutic outcomes are achieved not by the acute effects of the drugs, but rather by the homeostatic changes that occur as the brain adapts to their chronic administration. We present a computational model that represents the known interactions between the monoaminergic neurotransmitter-producing brain regions and associated non-monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems, and use the model to explore the possible ways in which the brain can homeostatically adjust to chronic antidepressant administration. The model also represents the neuron-specific neurotransmitter receptors that are known to adjust their strengths (expressions or sensitivities) in response to chronic antidepressant administration, and neuroadaptation in the model occurs through sequential adjustments in these receptor strengths. The main result is that the model can reach similar levels of adaptation to chronic administration of the same antidepressant drug or combination along many different pathways, arriving correspondingly at many different receptor strength configurations, but not all of those adapted configurations are also associated with therapeutic elevations in monoamine levels. When expressed as the percentage of adapted configurations that are also associated with elevations in one or more of the monoamines, our modeling results largely agree with the percentage efficacy rates of antidepressants and antidepressant combinations observed in clinical trials. Our neuroadaptation model provides an explanation for the clinical reports of heterogeneous outcomes among patients chronically administered the same antidepressant drug regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam B Camacho
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Neuroscience Program, Medical Scholars Program, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Thomas J Anastasio
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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Dremencov E, Csatlósová K, Ďurišová B, Moravčíková L, Lacinová Ľ, Ježová D. Effect of Physical Exercise and Acute Escitalopram on the Excitability of Brain Monoamine Neurons: In Vivo Electrophysiological Study in Rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 20:585-592. [PMID: 28430979 PMCID: PMC5492809 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The antidepressant effect of physical exercise has been reported in several clinical and animal studies. Since serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine play a central role in depression, it is possible that the beneficial effects of physical exercise are mediated via monoamine pathways. This study investigates the effects of voluntary wheel running on the excitability of monoamine neurons. Materials and Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the study. Voluntary wheel running (VWR) rats were housed in individual cages with free access to a running wheel, while control animals were housed in standard laboratory cages. After three weeks, the rats were anesthetized, and in vivo electrophysiological recordings were taken from dorsal raphe nucleus serotonin neurons, locus coeruleus norepinephrine neurons, and ventral tegmental dopamine neurons. Results VWR stimulated activity in serotonin, but not in norepinephrine or dopamine neurons. Subsequently, acute administration of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor escitalopram in control rats led to complete suppression of serotonin neurons; this suppression was reversed by subsequent administration of selective antagonist of serotonin-1A receptors, WAY100135. Escitalopram induced only partial inhibition of serotonin neurons in the VWR rats while WAY100135 increased the firing activity of serotonin neurons above the baseline value. Conclusions The beneficial effect of physical exercise on mood is mediated, at least in part, via activation of serotonin neurons. Physical exercise can potentiate the response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors by increasing the basal firing activity and diminishing selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-induced inhibition of serotonin neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliyahu Dremencov
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre for Biosciences (Dr Dremencov, Ms Csatlósová, Ms Ďurišová, Ms Moravčíková, and Dr Lacinová), and Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (Drs Dremencov and Ježová), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Kristína Csatlósová
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre for Biosciences (Dr Dremencov, Ms Csatlósová, Ms Ďurišová, Ms Moravčíková, and Dr Lacinová), and Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (Drs Dremencov and Ježová), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Barbora Ďurišová
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre for Biosciences (Dr Dremencov, Ms Csatlósová, Ms Ďurišová, Ms Moravčíková, and Dr Lacinová), and Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (Drs Dremencov and Ježová), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Lucia Moravčíková
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre for Biosciences (Dr Dremencov, Ms Csatlósová, Ms Ďurišová, Ms Moravčíková, and Dr Lacinová), and Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (Drs Dremencov and Ježová), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ľubica Lacinová
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre for Biosciences (Dr Dremencov, Ms Csatlósová, Ms Ďurišová, Ms Moravčíková, and Dr Lacinová), and Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (Drs Dremencov and Ježová), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Daniela Ježová
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre for Biosciences (Dr Dremencov, Ms Csatlósová, Ms Ďurišová, Ms Moravčíková, and Dr Lacinová), and Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (Drs Dremencov and Ježová), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Abstract
Depression is a polygenic and highly complex psychiatric disorder that remains a major burden on society. Antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are some of the most commonly prescribed drugs worldwide. In this review, we will discuss the evidence that links serotonin and serotonin receptors to the etiology of depression and the mechanisms underlying response to antidepressant treatment. We will then revisit the role of serotonin in three distinct hypotheses that have been proposed over the last several decades to explain the pathophysiology of depression: the monoamine, neurotrophic, and neurogenic hypotheses. Finally, we will discuss how recent studies into serotonin receptors have implicated specific neural circuitry in mediating the antidepressant response, with a focus being placed on the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine N Yohn
- Department of Psychology, Behavioral & Systems Neuroscience Area, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 152 Frelinghuysen Rd., Room 215, Piscataway, NJ, 08816, USA
| | - Mark M Gergues
- Department of Psychology, Behavioral & Systems Neuroscience Area, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 152 Frelinghuysen Rd., Room 215, Piscataway, NJ, 08816, USA
| | - Benjamin Adam Samuels
- Department of Psychology, Behavioral & Systems Neuroscience Area, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 152 Frelinghuysen Rd., Room 215, Piscataway, NJ, 08816, USA.
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Huang Z, Thiebaud N, Fadool DA. Differential serotonergic modulation across the main and accessory olfactory bulbs. J Physiol 2017; 595:3515-3533. [PMID: 28229459 DOI: 10.1113/jp273945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS There are serotonergic projections to both the main (MOB) and the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). Current-clamp experiments demonstrate that serotonergic afferents are largely excitatory for mitral cells (MCs) in the MOB where 5-HT2A receptors mediate a direct excitatory action. Serotonergic afferents are predominately inhibitory for MCs in the AOB. There are two types of inhibition: indirect inhibition mediated through the 5-HT2 receptors on GABAergic interneurons and direct inhibition via the 5-HT1 receptors on MCs. Differential 5-HT neuromodulation of MCs across the MOB and AOB could contribute to select behaviours such as olfactory learning or aggression. ABSTRACT Mitral cells (MCs) contained in the main (MOB) and accessory (AOB) olfactory bulb have distinct intrinsic membrane properties but the extent of neuromodulation across the two systems has not been widely explored. Herein, we investigated a widely distributed CNS modulator, serotonin (5-HT), for its ability to modulate the biophysical properties of MCs across the MOB and AOB, using an in vitro, brain slice approach in postnatal 15-30 day mice. In the MOB, 5-HT elicited three types of responses in 93% of 180 cells tested. Cells were either directly excited (70%), inhibited (10%) or showed a mixed response (13%)- first inhibition followed by excitation. In the AOB, 82% of 148 cells were inhibited with 18% of cells showing no response. Albeit located in parallel partitions of the olfactory system, 5-HT largely elicited MC excitation in the MOB while it evoked two different kinetic rates of MC inhibition in the AOB. Using a combination of pharmacological agents, we found that the MC excitatory responses in the MOB were mediated by 5-HT2A receptors through a direct activation. In comparison, 5-HT-evoked inhibitory responses in the AOB arose due to a polysynaptic, slow-onset inhibition attributed to 5-HT2 receptor activation exciting GABAergic interneurons. The second type of inhibition had a rapid onset as a result of direct inhibition mediated by the 5-HT1 class of receptors. The distinct serotonergic modulation of MCs between the MOB and AOB could provide a molecular basis for differential chemosensory behaviours driven by the brainstem raphe nuclei into these parallel systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbo Huang
- Program in Neuroscience, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Nicolas Thiebaud
- Program in Neuroscience, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Debra Ann Fadool
- Program in Neuroscience, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Institute of Molecular Biophysics, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Abstract
The role of serotonin in major depressive disorder (MDD) is the focus of accumulating clinical and preclinical research. The results of these studies reflect the complexity of serotonin signaling through many receptors, in a large number of brain regions, and throughout the lifespan. The role of the serotonin transporter in MDD has been highlighted in gene by environment association studies as well as its role as a critical player in the mechanism of the most effective antidepressant treatments – selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. While the majority of the 15 known receptors for serotonin have been implicated in depression or depressive-like behavior, the serotonin 1A (5-HT
1A) and 1B (5-HT
1B) receptors are among the most studied. Human brain imaging and genetic studies point to the involvement of 5-HT
1A and 5-HT
1B receptors in MDD and the response to antidepressant treatment. In rodents, the availability of tissue-specific and inducible knockout mouse lines has made possible the identification of the involvement of 5-HT
1A and 5-HT
1B receptors throughout development and in a cell-type specific manner. This, and other preclinical pharmacology work, shows that autoreceptor and heteroreceptor populations of these receptors have divergent roles in modulating depression-related behavior as well as responses to antidepressants and also have different functions during early postnatal development compared to during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Nautiyal
- Division of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, NY, USA
| | - René Hen
- Division of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, NY, USA; Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Columbia University, NY, USA
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Gomez F, García-García L. Anxiogenic-like effects of fluoxetine render adult male rats vulnerable to the effects of a novel stress. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2017; 153:32-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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40
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Lakehayli S, Said N, El Khachibi M, El Ouahli M, Nadifi S, Hakkou F, Tazi A. Prenatal stress alters diazepam withdrawal syndrome and 5HT1A receptor expression in the raphe nuclei of adult rats. Neuroscience 2016; 330:50-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Garcia-Garcia AL, Navarro-Sobrino M, Pilosof G, Banerjee P, Dranovsky A, Leonardo ED. 5-HT 1A Agonist Properties Contribute to a Robust Response to Vilazodone in the Novelty Suppressed Feeding Paradigm. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 19:pyw057. [PMID: 27352617 PMCID: PMC5091830 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyw057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences in 5-HT 1A receptor function have been implicated in vulnerability to depression and in response to treatment. Adding 5-HT 1A partial agonists to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors has been touted as a strategy to increase their efficacy. Here we use the novelty suppressed feeding paradigm to compare the effects of vilazodone, a high-potency selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, with high affinity for 5-HT 1A receptors to the reference selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine across several mouse strains that differ in their response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. METHODS To confirm 5-HT 1A agonist activity, body temperature was measured after acute administration of vilazodone or fluoxetine, as administration of 5-HT 1A agonists induces hypothermia. We next used 3 strains of mice to examine the effects of the drugs on latency in the novelty suppressed feeding, a paradigm generally sensitive to chronic but not acute effects of antidepressants. RESULTS Vilazodone induces robust hypothermia and blocks stress-induced hyperthermia in a 5-HT 1A -dependent manner, consistent with agonist effects at 5-HT 1A autoreceptors. In 129SvEv mice, vilazodone (10mg/kg/d) reduces the latency to eat in the novelty suppressed feeding test within 8 days, while no effect of fluoxetine (20mg/kg/d) was detected at that time. In contrast, both vilazodone and fluoxetine are effective at decreasing latency to eat in the novelty suppressed feeding paradigm in a strain with low autoreceptor levels. In mice with higher autoreceptor levels, no significant difference was detected between fluoxetine and vehicle ( P=. 8) or vilazodone and vehicle ( P =.06). CONCLUSION In mice, vilazodone may offer advantages in time of onset and efficacy over a reference selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in the novelty suppressed feeding test.
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You IJ, Wright SR, Garcia-Garcia AL, Tapper AR, Gardner PD, Koob GF, David Leonardo E, Bohn LM, Wee S. 5-HT1A Autoreceptors in the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus Convey Vulnerability to Compulsive Cocaine Seeking. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:1210-22. [PMID: 26324408 PMCID: PMC4793105 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine addiction and depression are comorbid disorders. Although it is well recognized that 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; serotonin) plays a central role in depression, our understanding of its role in addiction is notably lacking. The 5-HT system in the brain is carefully controlled by a combined process of regulating 5-HT neuron firing through 5-HT autoreceptors, neurotransmitter release, enzymatic degradation, and reuptake by transporters. This study tests the hypothesis that activation of 5-HT1A autoreceptors, which would lessen 5-HT neuron firing, contributes to cocaine-seeking behaviors. Using 5-HT neuron-specific reduction of 5-HT1A autoreceptor gene expression in mice, we demonstrate that 5-HT1A autoreceptors are necessary for cocaine conditioned place preference. In addition, using designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) technology, we found that stimulation of the serotonergic dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) afferents to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) abolishes cocaine reward and promotes antidepressive-like behaviors. Finally, using a rat model of compulsive-like cocaine self-administration, we found that inhibition of dorsal raphe 5-HT1A autoreceptors attenuates cocaine self-administration in rats with 6 h extended access, but not 1 h access to the drug. Therefore, our findings suggest an important role for 5-HT1A autoreceptors, and thus DRNNAc 5-HT neuronal activity, in the etiology and vulnerability to cocaine reward and addiction. Moreover, our findings support a strategy for antagonizing 5-HT1A autoreceptors for treating cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Jee You
- Department of Psychiatry, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA,Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute-Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01604, USA, Tel: +1 508 455 4293, Fax: +1 508 455 4281, E-mail:
| | - Sherie R Wright
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute-Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | | | - Andrew R Tapper
- Department of Psychiatry, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Paul D Gardner
- Department of Psychiatry, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - George F Koob
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - E David Leonardo
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura M Bohn
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute-Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Sunmee Wee
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute-Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
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Yaw TK, Fox SH, Lang AE. Clozapine in Parkinsonian Rest Tremor: A Review of Outcomes, Adverse Reactions, and Possible Mechanisms of Action. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2016; 3:116-124. [PMID: 30363578 PMCID: PMC6178758 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of rest tremor in Parkinson's disease (PD) is incompletely understood. This symptom can be resistant to typical anti-PD medications. Therefore, new treatments are needed given the concern that this symptom causes to patients and family. Limited experience suggests that clozapine can have an important antitremor effect in PD. The mechanism(s) underlying this effect is not well understood, but could provide insight and impetus to the development of more-effective and safer antitremor therapies. METHODS AND RESULTS Exemplifying the antitremor effects of clozapine, we describe a patient with tremor-predominant PD who obtained prominent reduction of rest tremor with clozapine treatment. We review the responses to this treatment in another 7 of our PD patients with treatment-resistant rest tremor. We also review the published literature on clozapine for tremor in PD and discuss its potential mechanisms of action and possible adverse effects. In our case series, there was a 64% reduction of tremor score after clozapine was initiated. The mechanism of tremor reduction remains unclear with possible involvement of anticholinergic, serotonergic, antihistaminergic, antiadrenergic, and antidopaminergic effects. Clozapine does have potential serious adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS Clozapine may be effective in controlling rest tremor in PD. Given the potential fatal side effects, if clozapine is to be initiated in PD patients, it has to be used cautiously with proper monitoring, preferably in specialized centers. We acknowledge that the number of patients in this case series is small. Further studies are needed to understand clozapine's mechanism of action in reducing tremor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan H. Fox
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's DiseaseToronto Western HospitalUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Anthony E. Lang
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's DiseaseToronto Western HospitalUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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Dankoski EC, Carroll S, Wightman RM. Acute selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors regulate the dorsal raphe nucleus causing amplification of terminal serotonin release. J Neurochem 2016; 136:1131-1141. [PMID: 26749030 PMCID: PMC4939133 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) were designed to treat depression by increasing serotonin levels throughout the brain via inhibition of clearance from the extracellular space. Although increases in serotonin levels are observed after acute SSRI exposure, 3–6 weeks of continuous use is required for relief from the symptoms of depression. Thus, it is now believed that plasticity in multiple brain systems that are downstream of serotonergic inputs contributes to the therapeutic efficacy of SSRIs. The onset of antidepressant effects also coincides with desensitization of somatodendritic serotonin autoreceptors in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), suggesting that disrupting inhibitory feedback within the serotonin system may contribute to the therapeutic effects of SSRIs. Previously, we showed that chronic SSRI treatment caused a frequency‐dependent facilitation of serotonin signaling that persisted in the absence of uptake inhibition. In this work, we use in vivo fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry in mice to investigate a similar facilitation after a single treatment of the SSRI citalopram hydrobromide. Acute citalopram hydrobromide treatment resulted in frequency‐dependent increases of evoked serotonin release in the substantia nigra pars reticulata. These increases were independent of changes in uptake velocity, but required SERT expression. Using microinjections, we show that the frequency‐dependent enhancement in release is because of SERT inhibition in the DRN, demonstrating that SSRIs can enhance serotonin release by inhibiting uptake in a location distal to the terminal release site. The novel finding that SERT inhibition can disrupt modulatory mechanisms at the level of the DRN to facilitate serotonin release will help future studies investigate serotonin's role in depression and motivated behavior.
In this work, stimulations of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) evoke serotonin release that is recorded in the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNpr) using in vivo fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry. Systemic administration of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) causes both an increase in t1/2 and an increase in [5‐HT]max in the SNpr. Local application of SSRI to the DRN recapitulates the increase in [5‐HT]max observed in the SNpr without affecting uptake. Thus, SSRIs increase serotonin signaling via two distinct SERT‐mediated mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse C Dankoski
- Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Susan Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert Mark Wightman
- Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Ye R, Quinlan MA, Iwamoto H, Wu HH, Green NH, Jetter CS, McMahon DG, Veestra-VanderWeele J, Levitt P, Blakely RD. Physical Interactions and Functional Relationships of Neuroligin 2 and Midbrain Serotonin Transporters. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2016; 7:20. [PMID: 26793096 PMCID: PMC4707279 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2015.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotransmitter serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] modulates many key brain functions including those subserving sensation, emotion, reward, and cognition. Efficient clearance of 5-HT after release is achieved by the antidepressant-sensitive 5-HT transporter (SERT, SLC6A4). To identify novel SERT regulators, we pursued a proteomic analysis of mouse midbrain SERT complexes, evaluating findings in the context of prior studies that established a SERT-linked transcriptome. Remarkably, both efforts converged on a relationship of SERT with the synaptic adhesion protein neuroligin 2 (NLGN2), a post-synaptic partner for presynaptic neurexins, and a protein well-known to organize inhibitory GABAergic synapses. Western blots of midbrain reciprocal immunoprecipitations confirmed SERT/NLGN2 associations, and also extended to other NLGN2 associated proteins [e.g., α-neurexin (NRXN), gephyrin]. Midbrain SERT/NLGN2 interactions were found to be Ca(2+)-independent, supporting cis vs. trans-synaptic interactions, and were absent in hippocampal preparations, consistent with interactions arising in somatodendritic compartments. Dual color in situ hybridization confirmed co-expression of Tph2 and Nlgn2 mRNA in the dorsal raphe, with immunocytochemical studies confirming SERT:NLGN2 co-localization in raphe cell bodies but not axons. Consistent with correlative mRNA expression studies, loss of NLGN2 expression in Nlgn2 null mice produced significant reductions in midbrain and hippocampal SERT expression and function. Additionally, dorsal raphe 5-HT neurons from Nlgn2 null mice exhibit reduced excitability, a loss of GABAA receptor-mediated IPSCs, and increased 5-HT1A autoreceptor sensitivity. Finally, Nlgn2 null mice display significant changes in behaviors known to be responsive to SERT and/or 5-HT receptor manipulations. We discuss our findings in relation to the possible coordination of intrinsic and extrinsic regulation afforded by somatodendritic SERT:NLGN2 complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN, USA
| | - Meagan A Quinlan
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN, USA
| | - Hideki Iwamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN, USA
| | - Hsiao-Huei Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN, USA
| | - Noah H Green
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN, USA
| | - Christopher S Jetter
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN, USA
| | - Douglas G McMahon
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, NashvilleTN, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, NashvilleTN, USA
| | - Jeremy Veestra-VanderWeele
- Department of Psychiatry, NYS Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York NY, USA
| | - Pat Levitt
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN, USA
| | - Randy D Blakely
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, NashvilleTN, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, NashvilleTN, USA
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Nowak P. Selective Lifelong Destruction of Brain Monoaminergic Nerves Through Perinatal DSP-4 Treatment. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2016; 29:51-71. [PMID: 26427851 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2015_398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine (DSP-4) is a highly selective neurotoxin for noradrenergic projections originating from the locus coeruleus (LC). The outcome of the systemic DSP-4 treatment of newborn rats is an alteration in postnatal development of the noradrenergic system, involving the permanent denervation of distal noradrenergic projection areas (neocortex, hippocampus, spinal cord), accompanied by noradrenergic hyperinnervation in regions proximal to the LC cell bodies (cerebellum, pons-medulla). DSP-4 is well tolerated by developing rats and does not increase the mortality rate. Permanent noradrenergic denervation in the cerebral cortex and spinal cord is present at all developmental stages, although this effect is more pronounced in rats treated with DSP-4 at an early age, i.e., up to postnatal day 5 (PND 5). Notably, regional hyperinnervation is a hallmark of neonatal DSP-4 treatment, which is not observed after either prenatal or adult DSP-4 application. In contrast to robust biochemical changes in the brain, DSP-4 treatment of newborn rats has a marginal effect on arousal and cognition functions assessed in adulthood, and these processes are critically influenced by the action of the noradrenergic neurotransmitter, norepinephrine (NE). Conversely, neonatal DSP-4 does not significantly affect 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin; 5-HT), dopamine (DA), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and histamine levels in brain. However, as a consequence of altering the functional efficacy of 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, DA, and GABA receptors, these neurotransmitter systems are profoundly affected in adulthood. Thus, the noradrenergic lesion obtained with neonatal DSP-4 treatment represents a unique neurobiological technique for exploring the interplay between various neuronal phenotypes and examining the pathomechanism of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Nowak
- Department of Toxicology and Addiction, Department of Toxicology and Health Protection, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18 Street, 40-752, Katowice, Poland.
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Kambeitz JP, Howes OD. The serotonin transporter in depression: Meta-analysis of in vivo and post mortem findings and implications for understanding and treating depression. J Affect Disord 2015; 186:358-66. [PMID: 26281039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered serotonin transporter levels have been reported in blood and brain of patients with major depressive disorders. However, the strength and consistency of the evidence for altered serotonin transporter availability in major depressive disorder is not clear. METHODS To address this, a comprehensive meta-analysis was conducted of all available in vivo neuroimaging and post mortem studies reporting serotonin transporter availability in patients with depression compared with healthy controls. RESULTS The final sample consisted of fifty (n=27 in vivo and n=25 post mortem) studies including 877 patients with depression (mean age: 42.9 years) and 968 healthy controls (mean age: 42.7 years). In vivo neuroimaging studies indicated reduced serotonin transporter binding in the striatum (g=-0.39, p=0.01), the amygdala (g=-0.37, p=0.01) and the brainstem (g=-0.31, p=0.01), including the midbrain (g=-0.27, p=0.02), but no significant alteration in the thalamus or the hippocampus. The post mortem findings indicated no significant change in serotonin transporter binding in depression in the brainstem (p=0.64), the frontal cortex (p=0.75) and the hippocampus (p=0.32, corrected for publication bias). Although there were too few studies for a meta-analysis, the post mortem studies in the amygdala and striatum showed reduced SERT binding in MDD in absolute terms, consistent with the imaging findings. LIMITATIONS A number of potential factors might have biased the results of the present meta-analysis such as the imaging modality (post mortem or in vivo neuroimaging), partial volume effects, susceptibility of some radiotracers to synaptic serotonin levels or binding to other monoamine transporters. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that serotonin transporter availability in depressed patients is reduced in key regions of the limbic system. This provides direct support for the serotonin hypothesis of depression, and underlines the importance of the serotonin transporter as a target of pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Kambeitz
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, England, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver D Howes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, England, United Kingdom; Psychiatric Imaging Group, Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, United Kingdom.
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Chilmonczyk Z, Bojarski AJ, Pilc A, Sylte I. Functional Selectivity and Antidepressant Activity of Serotonin 1A Receptor Ligands. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:18474-506. [PMID: 26262615 PMCID: PMC4581256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160818474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter that plays an important role in physiological functions. 5-HT has been implicated in sleep, feeding, sexual behavior, temperature regulation, pain, and cognition as well as in pathological states including disorders connected to mood, anxiety, psychosis and pain. 5-HT1A receptors have for a long time been considered as an interesting target for the action of antidepressant drugs. It was postulated that postsynaptic 5-HT1A agonists could form a new class of antidepressant drugs, and mixed 5-HT1A receptor ligands/serotonin transporter (SERT) inhibitors seem to possess an interesting pharmacological profile. It should, however, be noted that 5-HT1A receptors can activate several different biochemical pathways and signal through both G protein-dependent and G protein-independent pathways. The variables that affect the multiplicity of 5-HT1A receptor signaling pathways would thus result from the summation of effects specific to the host cell milieu. Moreover, receptor trafficking appears different at pre- and postsynaptic sites. It should also be noted that the 5-HT1A receptor cooperates with other signal transduction systems (like the 5-HT1B or 5-HT2A/2B/2C receptors, the GABAergic and the glutaminergic systems), which also contribute to its antidepressant and/or anxiolytic activity. Thus identifying brain specific molecular targets for 5-HT1A receptor ligands may result in a better targeting, raising a hope for more effective medicines for various pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdzisław Chilmonczyk
- National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warszawa, Poland.
- Institute of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Rzeszów, W. Kopisto 2A, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Jacek Bojarski
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Pilc
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Ingebrigt Sylte
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, No-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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49
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Time-dependent modulation of glutamate synapses onto 5-HT neurons by antidepressant treatment. Neuropharmacology 2015; 95:130-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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50
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Hainer C, Mosienko V, Koutsikou S, Crook JJ, Gloss B, Kasparov S, Lumb BM, Alenina N. Beyond Gene Inactivation: Evolution of Tools for Analysis of Serotonergic Circuitry. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:1116-29. [PMID: 26132472 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the brain, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) controls a multitude of physiological and behavioral functions. Serotonergic neurons in the raphe nuclei give rise to a complex and extensive network of axonal projections throughout the whole brain. A major challenge in the analysis of these circuits is to understand how the serotonergic networks are linked to the numerous functions of this neurotransmitter. In the past, many studies employed approaches to inactivate different genes involved in serotonergic neuron formation, 5-HT transmission, or 5-HT metabolism. Although these approaches have contributed significantly to our understanding of serotonergic circuits, they usually result in life-long gene inactivation. As a consequence, compensatory changes in serotonergic and other neurotransmitter systems may occur and complicate the interpretation of the observed phenotypes. To dissect the complexity of the serotonergic system with greater precision, approaches to reversibly manipulate subpopulations of serotonergic neurons are required. In this review, we summarize findings on genetic animal models that enable control of 5-HT neuronal activity or mapping of the serotonergic system. This includes a comparative analysis of several mouse and rat lines expressing Cre or Flp recombinases under Tph2, Sert, or Pet1 promoters with a focus on specificity and recombination efficiency. We further introduce applications for Cre-mediated cell-type specific gene expression to optimize spatial and temporal precision for the manipulation of serotonergic neurons. Finally, we discuss other temporally regulated systems, such as optogenetics and designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD) approaches to control 5-HT neuron activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Hainer
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin 13125, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Bernd Gloss
- National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | | | | | - Natalia Alenina
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin 13125, Germany
- Institute
of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
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