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Anguita-Ruiz A, Aguilera CM, Gil Á. Genetics of Lactose Intolerance: An Updated Review and Online Interactive World Maps of Phenotype and Genotype Frequencies. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092689. [PMID: 32899182 PMCID: PMC7551416 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans the ability to digest milk lactose is conferred by a β-galactosidase enzyme called lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH). While in some humans (approximately two-thirds of humankind) the levels of this enzyme decline drastically after the weaning phase (a trait known as lactase non-persistence (LNP)), some other individuals are capable of maintaining high levels of LPH lifelong (lactase persistence (LP)), thus being able to digest milk during adulthood. Both lactase phenotypes in humans present a complex genetic basis and have been widely investigated during the last decades. The distribution of lactase phenotypes and their associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across human populations has also been extensively studied, though not recently reviewed. All available information has always been presented in the form of static world maps or large dimension tables, so that it would benefit from the newly available visualization tools, such as interactive world maps. Taking all this into consideration, the aims of the present review were: (1) to gather and summarize all available information on LNP and LP genetic mechanisms and evolutionary adaptation theories, and (2) to create online interactive world maps, including all LP phenotype and genotype frequency data reported to date. As a result, we have created two online interactive resources, which constitute an upgrade over previously published static world maps, and allow users a personalized data exploration, while at the same time accessing complete reports by population or ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Anguita-Ruiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n. Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.A.-R.); (C.M.A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18014 Granada, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Network CB12/03/30038), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción M. Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n. Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.A.-R.); (C.M.A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18014 Granada, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Network CB12/03/30038), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n. Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.A.-R.); (C.M.A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18014 Granada, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Network CB12/03/30038), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958241000 (ext. 20307)
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Uscanga-Domínguez L, Orozco-García I, Vázquez-Frias R, Aceves-Tavares G, Albrecht-Junnghans R, Amieva-Balmori M, Bazaldua-Merino L, Bernal-Reyes R, Camacho-de León M, Campos-Gutiérrez J, Carmona-Sánchez R, Castro-Marín L, Coss-Adame E, Cuevas-Estrada A, Escobedo-Martínez J, González-Franco L, Huerta-Iga F, Lozano-Lozano R, Martínez-Vázquez S, Milke García M, Nogueira-de Rojas J, Padilla-González M, Pérez y López N, Silva-Campechano F, Treviño-Mejía M, Velázquez-Alva M. Technical position on milk and its derivatives in adult health and disease from the Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología and the Asociación Mexicana de Gerontología y Geriatría. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO (ENGLISH EDITION) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Uscanga-Domínguez LF, Orozco-García IJ, Vázquez-Frias R, Aceves-Tavares GR, Albrecht-Junnghans RE, Amieva-Balmori M, Bazaldua-Merino LA, Bernal-Reyes R, Camacho-de León ME, Campos-Gutiérrez JA, Carmona-Sánchez RI, Castro-Marín LV, Coss-Adame E, Cuevas-Estrada AJ, Escobedo-Martínez JA, González-Franco LR, Huerta-Iga FM, Lozano-Lozano R, Martínez-Vázquez SE, Milke García MP, Nogueira-de Rojas JR, Padilla-González M, Pérez Y López N, Silva-Campechano F, Treviño-Mejía MC, Velázquez-Alva MC. Technical position on milk and its derivatives in adult health and disease from the Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología and the Asociación Mexicana de Gerontología y Geriatría. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA DE MEXICO (ENGLISH) 2019; 84:357-371. [PMID: 31167744 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Milk is a liquid food that possesses an important quantity of highly bioavailable macronutrients. In addition, it is readily accessible, as well as relatively inexpensive. Given that the knowledge of physicians about nutrition and food composition is deficient, in general, many of the dietary interventions recommended in diverse clinical settings lack a scientific basis. The aim of the present review was to produce a technical opinion that serves as a frame of reference to best sustain recommendations for consuming milk and dairy products as daily nutrition in the adult and older adult. The effects of milk and dairy products during the pediatric stage are not addressed in the present work. The Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología and the Asociación Mexicana de Gerontología y Geriatría jointly discussed and analyzed topics dealing with the legal designation of milk, the classification and nutritional profile of cow's milk, its nutritional characteristics, its consumption in the adult, intolerance to cow's milk, and associations of milk consumption with digestive tract alterations and other conditions. Finally, certain aspects of milk consumption in the older adult and its relation to overall health are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Uscanga-Domínguez
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - R Vázquez-Frias
- Departamento de Gastroenterología y Nutrición, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - G R Aceves-Tavares
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Hospital General del Estado Dr. Ernesto Ramos Bours, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | | | - M Amieva-Balmori
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médico Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México
| | - L A Bazaldua-Merino
- Sistema Nacional DIF, CNMACIG «Vicente García Torres», Ciudad de México, México
| | - R Bernal-Reyes
- Sociedad Española de Beneficencia, Pachuca, Hidalgo, México
| | | | - J A Campos-Gutiérrez
- Casa de Retiro Teresa de Calcuta S.C., San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | | | - L V Castro-Marín
- Hospital Adolfo López Mateos ISSSTESON, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, México
| | - E Coss-Adame
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | | | - L R González-Franco
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | | | | | - S E Martínez-Vázquez
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - M P Milke García
- Dirección de Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | | | - N Pérez Y López
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Juárez de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - M C Treviño-Mejía
- Universidad Iberoamericana Tijuana, Tijuana, Baja California, México
| | - M C Velázquez-Alva
- Departamento de Atención a la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, México
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Pavel IA, Girardon M, El Hajj S, Parant S, Amadei F, Kaufmann S, Tanaka M, Fierro V, Celzard A, Canilho N, Pasc A. Lipid-coated mesoporous silica microparticles for the controlled delivery of β-galactosidase into intestines. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:5633-5639. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01114a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Coating of mesoporous silica carriers with dioleoylphosphatidylcholine allowed triggering of the selective delivery of functional enzymes by lipolysis under simulated intestinal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Federico Amadei
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems
- Heidelberg University
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Stefan Kaufmann
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems
- Heidelberg University
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Motomu Tanaka
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems
- Heidelberg University
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Physics
| | | | | | | | - Andreea Pasc
- Université de Lorraine
- CNRS
- L2CM
- F-54506 Nancy
- France
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Friedrich DC, Santos SEB, Ribeiro-dos-Santos ÂKC, Hutz MH. Several different lactase persistence associated alleles and high diversity of the lactase gene in the admixed Brazilian population. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46520. [PMID: 23029545 PMCID: PMC3460917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult-type hypolactasia is a common phenotype caused by the lactase enzyme deficiency. The −13910 C>T polymorphism, located 14 Kb upstream of the lactase gene (LCT) in the MCM6 gene was associated with lactase persistence (LP) in Europeans. This polymorphism is rare in Africa but several other variants associated with lactase persistence were observed in Africans. The aims of this study were to identify polymorphisms in the MCM6 region associated with the lactase persistence phenotype and to determine the distribution of LCT gene haplotypes in 981 individuals from North, Northeast and South Brazil. These polymorphisms were genotyped by PCR based methods and sequencing. The −13779*C,−13910*T, −13937*A, −14010*C, −14011*T LP alleles previously described in the MCM6 gene region that acts as an enhancer for the LCT gene were identified in Brazilians. The most common LP allele was −13910*T. Its frequency was highly correlated with European ancestry in the Brazilian populations investigated. The −13910*T was higher (0.295) in southern Brazilians of European ancestry and lower (0.175) in the Northern admixed population. LCT haplotypes were derived from the 10 LCT SNPs genotyped. Overall twenty six haplotypes previously described were identified in the four Brazilian populations studied. The Multidimensional Scaling analysis showed that Belém, in the north, was closer to Amerindians. Northeastern and southern Afro-descendants were more related with Bantu-speaking South Africans whereas the Southern population with European ancestry grouped with Southern and Northern Europeans. This study shows a high variability considering the number of LCT haplotypes observed. Due to the highly admixed nature of the Brazilian populations, the diagnosis of hypolactasia in Brazil, based only in the investigation of the −13910*T allele is an oversimplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deise C. Friedrich
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sidney E. B. Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Mara H. Hutz
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Friedrich DC, Santos SEB, Ribeiro-dos-Santos ÂKC, Hutz MH. Several different lactase persistence associated alleles and high diversity of the lactase gene in the admixed Brazilian population. PLoS One 2012. [PMID: 23029545 DOI: 10.1371/jour-nal.pone.0046520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult-type hypolactasia is a common phenotype caused by the lactase enzyme deficiency. The -13910 C>T polymorphism, located 14 Kb upstream of the lactase gene (LCT) in the MCM6 gene was associated with lactase persistence (LP) in Europeans. This polymorphism is rare in Africa but several other variants associated with lactase persistence were observed in Africans. The aims of this study were to identify polymorphisms in the MCM6 region associated with the lactase persistence phenotype and to determine the distribution of LCT gene haplotypes in 981 individuals from North, Northeast and South Brazil. These polymorphisms were genotyped by PCR based methods and sequencing. The -13779*C,-13910*T, -13937*A, -14010*C, -14011*T LP alleles previously described in the MCM6 gene region that acts as an enhancer for the LCT gene were identified in Brazilians. The most common LP allele was -13910*T. Its frequency was highly correlated with European ancestry in the Brazilian populations investigated. The -13910*T was higher (0.295) in southern Brazilians of European ancestry and lower (0.175) in the Northern admixed population. LCT haplotypes were derived from the 10 LCT SNPs genotyped. Overall twenty six haplotypes previously described were identified in the four Brazilian populations studied. The Multidimensional Scaling analysis showed that Belém, in the north, was closer to Amerindians. Northeastern and southern Afro-descendants were more related with Bantu-speaking South Africans whereas the Southern population with European ancestry grouped with Southern and Northern Europeans. This study shows a high variability considering the number of LCT haplotypes observed. Due to the highly admixed nature of the Brazilian populations, the diagnosis of hypolactasia in Brazil, based only in the investigation of the -13910*T allele is an oversimplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deise C Friedrich
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Brown-Esters O, Mc Namara P, Savaiano D. Dietary and biological factors influencing lactose intolerance. Int Dairy J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Lactose intolerance and African Americans: implications for the consumption of appropriate intake levels of key nutrients. J Natl Med Assoc 2009; 101:5S-23S. [PMID: 19899495 DOI: 10.1016/s0027-9684(15)31090-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lactose intolerance is a complex condition that is complicated by cultural beliefs and perceptions about the consumption of dairy products. These attitudes about dairy may contribute to inadequate intake of key nutrients that may impact conditions that contribute to health disparities in African Americans. While a complex health problem, lactose intolerance is easy to treat. However, no treatment can improve the body's ability to produce lactase. Yet, symptoms can be controlled through dietary strategies. This position paper emphasizes the importance of using patient and provider-level strategies in order to reduce the risks to the health of African Americans that may accrue as a result of dairy nutrient deficiency. Evaluation and assessment of interventions tested is critical so that evidence-based approaches to addressing dairy nutrient deficiency and lactose Intolerance can be created. Lastly, it is essential for physicians to communicate key messages to their patients. Since dairy nutrients address important health concerns, the amelioration of lactose intolerance is an investment in health. Lactose intolerance is common, is easy to treat, and can be managed. It is possible to consume dairy even in the face of a history of maldigestion or lactose intolerant issues. Gradually increasing lactose in the diet--drinking small milk portions with food, eating yogurt, and consuming cheese--are effective strategies for managing lactose intolerance and meeting optimal dairy needs.
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Formigoni A, Piva A, Pezzi P, Castellani G, Biagi G. The influence of feeding fresh liquid whey on some blood metabolites, insulin, and cecal fermentations of growing pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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A novel approach to develop β-galactosidase entrapped in liposomes in order to prevent an immediate hydrolysis of lactose in milk. Int Dairy J 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2005.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Stability and catalytic kinetics of microencapsulated β-galactosidase in liposomes prepared by the dehydration–rehydration method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2005.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hessels J, Eidhof HHM, Steggink J, Roeloffzen WWH, Wu K, Tan G, van de Stadt J, van Bergeijk L. Assessment of hypolactasia and site-specific intestinal permeability by differential sugar absorption of raffinose, lactose, sucrose and mannitol. Clin Chem Lab Med 2003; 41:1056-63. [PMID: 12964814 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2003.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The sugar absorption test is a non-invasive test for investigating intestinal permeability by simultaneous measurement of four probe sugars. In this study, we evaluated the utility of raffinose, lactose, sucrose and mannitol as probe sugars and calculated their urinary recovery as a percentage of ingested dose (mol/mol) and the recovery ratios of raffinose/mannitol, lactose/ raffinose and sucrose/raffinose. The reference ranges for these ratios, established from 39 healthy volunteers, are 0.005-0.015, 0.13-0.63 and 0.09-0.47, respectively. This sugar absorption test was performed in three patient groups. i) In 109 patients with aspecific gastrointestinal symptoms of whom intestinal histology was studied by duodenal biopsies: the urinary raffinose/mannitol recovery ratio highly correlated with gradation of duodenal damage; the sensitivity and specificity of the raffinose/mannitol ratio for detection of intestinal damage were 93% and 91%, respectively, using a cut-off level of 0.020. ii) In 70 patients in whom intestinal lactase activity was investigated by the lactose tolerance test: the urinary lactose/raffinose recovery ratio provided high diagnostic accuracy for hypolactasia (sensitivity 81% and specificity 89% at a cut-off level of 0.70). In analogy with the lactose/raffinose ratio, we suppose that the sucrose/raffinose ratio can be used as a marker of hyposucrasia. iii) In 40 patients with localized small intestinal damage, Crohn's disease of the ileum (n = 21) and celiac disease with histologically proven duodenal damage (n = 19): the raffinose/mannitol recovery ratio was increased in 100% of patients with celiac disease and in 81% of patients with Crohn's disease; increased lactose/raffinose recovery ratio (hypolactasia) and increased sucrose/raffinose (hyposucrasia) were present in 89% and 95% of celiac patients and 19% and 0% of Crohn's disease patients, respectively. The combination of the raffinose/mannitol ratio and sucrose/raffinose ratio appears to be an indication of the distribution of intestinal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hessels
- Clinical Laboratory, Twenteborg Hospital, Almelo, The Netherlands.
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Vasiljevic T, Jelen P. Retention of beta-galactosidase activity in crude cellular extracts from Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus 11842 upon drying. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-0307.2003.00090.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Mariani-Costantini A. Natural and cultural influences on the evolution of the human diet: background of the multifactorial processes that shaped the eating habits of Western societies. Nutrition 2000; 16:483-6. [PMID: 10906530 DOI: 10.1016/s0899-9007(00)00296-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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