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Mahmoud SA, El Moshy S, Rady D, Radwan IA, Abbass MMS, Al Jawaldeh A. The effect of unhealthy dietary habits on the incidence of dental caries and overweight/obesity among Egyptian school children (A cross-sectional study). Front Public Health 2022; 10:953545. [PMID: 36052005 PMCID: PMC9424618 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.953545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and dental caries are public health problems in Egypt. Factors such as unhealthy diet, poor oral hygiene, and physical inactivity can play a major role in both problems. This study was carried out to illuminate the mutual unhealthy dietary risk factors associated with the incidence of both health conditions. Methods Between 1 October 2020 and 1 July 2021, 369 Egyptian children (5-10 years) were examined. Dental status was assessed using decayed, missing/extracted, and filled tooth indices (dmft, deft, and DMFT) for deciduous, mixed, and permanent dentitions, respectively. Moreover, the lifestyle, food habits, and body mass index (BMI) were recorded. Results A total of 342 (93.7%) of the included subjects suffered from caries, and only 27(7.3%) were caries-free. Based on BMI percentiles, 247 (66.9%) of the youngsters were overweight/obese, while 122 (33.1%) had normal weight. The mean dmft was 6.9 (±4.6), deft 4.2 (±3.3), and DMFT 0.1 (±1.7). In the primary dentition, a significant positive correlation was detected between dmft and BMI, legumes, sweetened milk and juice, soft drinks, and desserts, while a significant negative correlation was detected between dmft/deft, meat/poultry/fish, fresh fruits, and vegetables. A significant positive correlation was detected between deft and BMI, sweetened milk and juice, ice cream, candies, and crackers. In the permanent dentition, a significant positive correlation was detected between age, soft drinks, sweetened juice, desserts, and DMFT, while a significant negative correlation was detected with fresh fruits and vegetables. BMI was significantly negatively correlated with a healthy lifestyle, meat/poultry/fish consumption, and fresh fruits and vegetables while positively correlated with legumes, ice cream, soft drinks, granulated sugars, desserts, fast food, and caffeinated drinks. Conclusion Overweight/obesity was positively correlated with primary dentition dental caries. Desserts (sweetened snacks) and soft drinks could be the common risk factors associated with high caries and overweight/obesity incidence among Egyptian school children; conversely, consumption of fruits and vegetables could hinder both health conditions. Moreover, sweetened juices were associated with primary and permanent dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ahmed Mahmoud
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara El Moshy
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina Rady
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Israa Ahmed Radwan
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa M. S. Abbass
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt,*Correspondence: Marwa M. S. Abbass
| | - Ayoub Al Jawaldeh
- World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO), Cairo, Egypt
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Hernández-F M, Cantoral A, Colchero MA. Taxes to Unhealthy Food and Beverages and Oral Health in Mexico: An Observational Study. Caries Res 2021; 55:183-192. [PMID: 33853058 DOI: 10.1159/000515223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In January 2014, taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages and nonessential energy-dense food were implemented in Mexico to discourage the consumption of these products. Published evaluations have shown reductions in purchases of taxed food and beverages associated with the implementation of this fiscal policy. Although there are some studies on the impact on health based on simulation studies, no evaluations with empirical data on changes in oral health have been published. We used administrative records and data from an epidemiological surveillance system to estimate changes in (1) outpatient visits related to dental caries; (2) having experienced dental caries: Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) >0 for permanent dentition or dmft >0 for primary dentition (dmft); (3) number of teeth with caries experience (DMFT and dmft), (4) cases with DMFT >0 or dmft >0, and (5) the series of mean DMFT or dmft, associated with the taxes. We estimated probit and negative binomial models for outcomes at individual level, and interrupted time series analysis for population-level outcomes. The implementation of the taxes was associated with negative changes in the trends of outpatient visits, as well as for cases with DMFT >0, dmft >0 and mean DMFT. Taxes were also associated with a lower probability of having experienced dental caries and with a lower number of teeth with caries experience in the samples studied. Our results suggest positive impacts of the implementation of taxes on unhealthy food and beverages in the oral health of Mexicans, which are the first health benefits observed, and add to the health benefits predicted by modeling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Hernández-F
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - M Arantxa Colchero
- Center for Health Systems Research, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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Cantoral A, Muñoz-Rocha TV, Luna-Villa L, Mantilla-Rodriguez A, Ureña-Cirett JL, Castiblanco GA, Solano M, Howard HH, Peterson KE, Téllez-Rojo MM, Martínez-Mier EA. Association of Dietary Fluoride Intake and Diet Variables with Dental Caries in Adolescents from the ELEMENT Cohort Study. Caries Res 2021; 55:88-98. [PMID: 33535210 PMCID: PMC9944613 DOI: 10.1159/000511699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To examine the association of dietary fluoride intake, total carbohydrate consumption and other key dietary variables with dental caries experience among adolescents, a cross-sectional analysis was conducted in a sample of 402 participants from the Early Life Exposures in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants cohort. The presence and severity of dental caries were assessed using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) to calculate the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth or surfaces (D1MFT/D4MFT). The dietary intake of fluoride, energy, carbohydrates, and food groups was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Multivariate zero-inflated negative binomial regression models and negative binomial regression models were run to estimate the association of fluoride intake (mg/day) and total carbohydrate intake (g/day) with the D1MFT/D4MFT index. We found that 80% of the adolescents experienced dental caries (D1MFT >0), with 30% presenting cavitated lesions (D4MFT >0). The mean scores for D1MFT and D4MFT were 6.2 (SD 5.3) and 0.67 (SD 1.3), respectively. The median intake of fluoride estimated by the FFQ was 0.015 mg/kg/day. This intake was statistically higher in participants with a D4MFT = 0 compared to those with a D4MFT >0 (0.90 vs. 0.82 mg/day; 0.016 vs. 0.014 mg/kg/day; p < 0.05). For D1MFT, D1MFS, D4MFT, and D4MFS scores, a higher fluoride consumption (mg/day) from foods and beverages was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the number of lesions. The reported frequency of consumption of sugary foods in a whole day was statistically higher in those with D1MFT >0 than in those with D1MFT = 0 (p < 0.05). The total carbohydrate intake (g/day) was positively associated with dental caries experience. We conclude that a higher fluoride intake through foods and beverages is associated with a lower dental caries experience among adolescents; this effect was seen even when the dietary intake of fluoride was 0.015 mg/kg/day, which is lower than the average intake recommendation. In contrast, a higher total carbohydrate intake and the frequency of intake of sugary foods were associated with a higher dental caries experience, with no apparent threshold for the effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Cantoral
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Teresa V. Muñoz-Rocha
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Lynda Luna-Villa
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Andres Mantilla-Rodriguez
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Gina A. Castiblanco
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Maritsa Solano
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Hu H Howard
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA,School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | | | - Martha M. Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Esperanza A. Martínez-Mier
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Hesketh KD, Salmon J, McNaughton SA, Crawford D, Abbott G, Cameron AJ, Lioret S, Gold L, Downing KL, Campbell KJ. Long-term outcomes (2 and 3.5 years post-intervention) of the INFANT early childhood intervention to improve health behaviors and reduce obesity: cluster randomised controlled trial follow-up. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:95. [PMID: 32711523 PMCID: PMC7382091 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-00994-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The few health behavior interventions commencing in infancy have shown promising effects. Greater insight into their longer-term benefits is required. This study aimed to assess post-intervention effects of the Melbourne INFANT Program to child age 5y on diet, movement and adiposity. Methods Two and 3.5y post-intervention follow-up (2011–13; analyses completed 2019) of participants retained in the Melbourne INFANT Program at its conclusion (child age ~ 19 m; 2008–10) was conducted. The Melbourne INFANT Program is a 15-month, six session program delivered within first-time parent groups in Melbourne, Australia, between child age 4-19 m. It involves strategies to help parents promote healthy diet, physical activity and reduced sedentary behavior in their infants. No intervention was delivered during the follow-up period reported in this paper. At all time points height, weight and waist circumference were measured by researchers, children wore Actigraph and activPAL accelerometers for 8-days, mothers reported children’s television viewing and use of health services. Children’s dietary intake was reported by mothers in three unscheduled telephone-administered 24-h recalls. Results Of those retained at program conclusion (child age 18 m, n = 480; 89%), 361 families (75% retention) participated in the first follow-up (2y post-intervention; age 3.6y) and 337 (70% retention) in the second follow-up (3.5y post-intervention; age 5y). At 3.6y children in the intervention group had higher fruit (adjusted mean difference [MD] = 25.34 g; CI95:1.68,48.99), vegetable (MD = 19.41; CI95:3.15,35.67) and water intake (MD = 113.33; CI95:40.42,186.25), than controls. At 5y they consumed less non-core drinks (MD = -27.60; CI95:-54.58,-0.62). Sweet snack intake was lower for intervention children at both 3.6y (MD = -5.70; CI95:-9.75,-1.65) and 5y (MD = -6.84; CI95:-12.47,-1.21). Intervention group children viewed approximately 10 min/day less television than controls at both follow-ups, although the confidence intervals spanned zero (MD = -9.63; CI95:-30.79,11.53; MD = -11.34; CI95:-25.02,2.34, respectively). There was no evidence for effect on zBMI, waist circumference z-score or physical activity. Conclusions The impact of this low-dose intervention delivered during infancy was still evident up to school commencement age for several targeted health behaviors but not adiposity. Some of these effects were only observed after the conclusion of the intervention, demonstrating the importance of long-term follow-up of interventions delivered during early childhood. Trial registration ISRCTN Register ISRCTN81847050, registered 7th November 2007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie D Hesketh
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Jo Salmon
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sarah A McNaughton
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - David Crawford
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Gavin Abbott
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adrian J Cameron
- Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sandrine Lioret
- Université de Paris, Research Center in Epidemiology and Biostatistics (CRESS), INSERM, INRA, Paris, France
| | - Lisa Gold
- School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Katherine L Downing
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Karen J Campbell
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Factors Associated with Dental Caries in Primary Dentition in a Non-Fluoridated Rural Community of New South Wales, Australia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14121444. [PMID: 29168780 PMCID: PMC5750863 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14121444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dental caries persists as one of the most prevalent chronic diseases among children worldwide. This study aims to determine factors that influence dental caries in primary dentition among primary school children residing in the rural non-fluoridated community of Lithgow, New South Wales, Australia. A total of 495 children aged 5–10 years old from all the six primary schools in Lithgow were approached to participate in a cross-sectional survey prior to implementation of water fluoridation in 2014. Following parental consent, children were clinically examined for caries in their primary teeth, and parents were requested to complete a questionnaire on previous fluoride exposure, diet and relevant socio-demographic characteristics that influence oral health. Multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the independent risk factors of primary dentition caries. Overall, 51 percent of children had dental caries in one or more teeth. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, child’s age (Adjusted Odd’s Ratio (AOR) = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.14–1.49) and mother’s extraction history (AOR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.40–3.00) were significantly associated with caries experience in the child’s primary teeth. In addition, each serve of chocolate consumption was associated with 52 percent higher odds (AOR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.19–1.93) of primary dentition caries.
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6
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Hayes MJ, Cheng B, Musolino R, Rogers AA. Dietary analysis and nutritional counselling for caries prevention in dental practise: a pilot study. Aust Dent J 2017; 62:485-492. [PMID: 28466498 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- MJ Hayes
- Melbourne Dental School; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- eviDent Foundation; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - B Cheng
- Melbourne Dental School; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - R Musolino
- eviDent Foundation; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - AA Rogers
- Melbourne Dental School; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
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7
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John JR, Mannan H, Nargundkar S, D'Souza M, Do LG, Arora A. Predictors of dental visits among primary school children in the rural Australian community of Lithgow. BMC Health Serv Res 2017; 17:264. [PMID: 28399864 PMCID: PMC5387289 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-017-2232-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regular dental attendance is significant in maintaining and improving children’s oral health and well-being. This study aims to determine the factors that predict and influence dental visits in primary school children residing in the rural community of Lithgow, New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Methods All six primary schools of Lithgow were approached to participate in a cross-sectional survey prior to implementing water fluoridation in 2014. Children aged 6–13 years (n = 667) were clinically examined for their oral health status and parents were requested to complete a questionnaire on fluoride history, diet, last dental visit, and socio-demographic characteristics. Multiple logistic regression analyses were employed to examine the independent predictors of a 6-monthly and a yearly dental visit. Results Overall, 53% of children visited a dentist within six months and 77% within twelve months. In multiple logistic regression analyses, age of the child and private health insurance coverage were significantly associated with both 6-monthly and twelve-month dental visits. In addition, each serve of chocolate consumption was significantly associated with a 27% higher odds (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.05-1.54) of a 6-monthly dental visit. Conclusion It is imperative that the socio-demographic and dietary factors that influence child oral health must be effectively addressed when developing the oral health promotion policies to ensure better oral health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Rufus John
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Haider Mannan
- Centre for Health Research, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Subrat Nargundkar
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Mario D'Souza
- Clinical Research Centre, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Loc Giang Do
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Amit Arora
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia. .,Oral Health Services and Sydney Dental Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Surry Hills, NSW, Australia. .,Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, Westmead, NSW, Australia. .,Collaboration for Oral Health Outcomes Research, Translation, and Evaluation (COHORTE) Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.
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8
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Singla D, Sharma A, Sachdev V, Chopra R. Distribution of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus in Dental Plaque of Indian Pre-School Children Using PCR and SB-20M Agar Medium. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:ZC60-ZC63. [PMID: 28050506 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/19256.8909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental caries is one of the most common infectious diseases affecting the oral cavity. Among the oral bacteria, mutans streptococci have been implicated as major cariogenic bacteria as they can produce high levels of dental caries causing substances such as lactic acid and extracellular polysaccharides. AIM The aim of the study was to detect the presence of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus in dental plaque by using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method, quantification of these micro-organisms using Modified Sucrose-Bacitracin (SB-20M) agar medium and to correlate their presence in Caries Active (CA) and Caries Free (CF) pre-school children. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-eight pre-school children, in the age group of 3-5 years were divided equally into 34 CA and 34 CF children. Dental plaque samples were obtained for detection of these microorganisms by PCR method and quantification was done using SB-20M culture medium. The data was analyzed using statistical software SPSS version 16. For statistical analysis, the frequencies and means of Colony Forming Units (CFU) were used with CI = 95%. For bivariate analysis, Fisher exact test was used at 5% level of significance. The comparison of mean of number of CFU of S. mutans and S. sobrinus was made by Mann Whitney U test and Spearman's Rho test at 1% level of significance was used for correlation between dmft and CFU in CA group. RESULTS The results showed that S. sobrinus was significantly higher in CA group as compared to CF group whereas S. mutans showed no significant difference. On quantification of these micro-organisms, S. sobrinus was present in significantly higher numbers in CA group as compared to CF group. On correlating the CFU/ml of the micro-organisms with the dmft index, both the micro-organisms showed a positive correlation. CONCLUSION We conclude that S. mutans and S. sobrinus were detected in higher numbers in CA children as compared to CF children. PCR is a sensitive, specific, rapid and an effective method for the detection of oral microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Singla
- Senior Resident, Department of Dental Surgery, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital , New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Sharma
- Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, People's College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre , Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vinod Sachdev
- Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, ITS - Centre for Dental Studies and Research , Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Radhika Chopra
- Reader, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, ITS - Centre for Dental Studies and Research , Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Palacios C, Rivas-Tumanyan S, Morou-Bermúdez E, Colón AM, Torres RY, Elías-Boneta AR. Association between Type, Amount, and Pattern of Carbohydrate Consumption with Dental Caries in 12-Year-Olds in Puerto Rico. Caries Res 2016; 50:560-570. [PMID: 27788518 PMCID: PMC5311111 DOI: 10.1159/000450655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the types, food sources, and pattern of carbohydrates that significantly contribute to dental caries in Puerto Rican children. METHODS As part of an island-wide cross-sectional oral health study in 1,587 twelve-year-olds, diet intake was assessed in a representative subset (n = 801) with a 24-hour dietary recall. Carbohydrate intake was quantified using a computer-based diet analysis program. Caries was assessed using the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research diagnostic criteria. Odds ratios were used to associate carbohydrate intake quartiles with caries, after controlling for important confounders. RESULTS A total of 723 subjects had complete data. Most were females (54%) and attended public schools (77%). The caries prevalence was 33%. The highest quartile intake for the following sugars significantly increased the odds of caries compared to the lowest quartile: total carbohydrates (OR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.08-3.46), total sugars (OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.01-351), sucrose (OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.13-3.70), fructose (OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.05-3.62), and inositol (OR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.38-4.63). The main food sources of these sugars were juices, including natural juices with no added sugars, and sweetened beverages. The odds of caries also increased significantly in children whose 10% of total energy intake was from total sugars (OR = 3.76, 95% CI = 1.03-13.7). CONCLUSION After adjusting for important caries risk factors, total carbohydrates, total sugars, ≥10% kilocaloric energy from total sugars, and sucrose, fructose, and inositol intake significantly increased caries risk. Our findings can help raise awareness about the potential caries risk from the main sources of these sugars, natural fruit juices and sweetened beverages, which are consumed in great quantities in many societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Palacios
- Nutrition Program, School of Public Health, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico
| | - Sona Rivas-Tumanyan
- School of Dental Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico
| | | | - Alina M. Colón
- School of Dental Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico
| | - Roxana Y Torres
- Nutrition Program, School of Public Health, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico
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Byrne SJ, Tan KH, Dashper SG, Shen P, Stanton DP, Yuan Y, Reynolds EC. The potential acidogenicity of liquid breakfasts. J Dent 2016; 49:33-9. [PMID: 27109215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the potential acidogenicy of liquid breakfasts. METHODS In vitro acid production by Streptococcus mutans was measured in the beverages at a pH of 5.5, as was the fall in pH over 10min. The buffering capacity was determined, as well as the calcium, inorganic phosphate and fluoride concentrations (total and soluble) of the beverages. Bovine milk (UHT) was used for comparison. RESULTS The rate of acid production by S. mutans, and pH fall over 10min was greater in liquid breakfasts compared to bovine milk. All beverages except one demonstrated a significantly lower buffering capacity than bovine milk. All beverages contained significantly greater concentrations of soluble calcium than bovine milk, and all except two contained significantly more soluble inorganic phosphate. CONCLUSIONS S. mutans was able to generate significantly more acid in the liquid breakfasts than in bovine milk, indicating these drinks may contribute to a cariogenic diet. In general, the liquid breakfasts required significantly less acid than bovine milk to reduce their pH to the approximate critical pH for enamel demineralisation. However, the liquid breakfasts also tended to contain significantly more soluble calcium and inorganic phosphate than bovine milk. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The substantial amounts and various types of sugars found within liquid breakfast beverages may result in a significant pH drop in dental plaque following consumption of these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Byrne
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kheng H Tan
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stuart G Dashper
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peiyan Shen
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David P Stanton
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yi Yuan
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Eric C Reynolds
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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Karjalainen S, Tolvanen M, Pienihäkkinen K, Söderling E, Lagström H, Simell O, Niinikoski H. High sucrose intake at 3 years of age is associated with increased salivary counts of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli, and with increased caries rate from 3 to 16 years of age. Caries Res 2016; 49:125-32. [PMID: 25756173 DOI: 10.1159/000369358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to study the long-term associations between sucrose intake (SI), selected representatives of the cariogenic oral flora, and the dental health of children from 3 to 16 years of age. METHODS At 7 months of age 1,062 infants (540 intervention; 522 controls) were included in the prospective, randomised STRIP-project aimed at restricting the child's saturated fat and cholesterol intake to prevent atherosclerosis when they become adults. At 3 years of age, every fifth child was invited (n = 178) to an oral sub-study, and 148 (78 boys) children attended. A restudy was conducted on 135 children aged 6, 127 aged 9, 114 aged 12 and 88 aged 16. SI using 4-day food records, plate-cultured mutans streptococci (MS), salivary lactobacilli (LB) and yeasts using commercial kits (Orion Diagnostica, Espoo Finland), toothbrushing frequency using fluoridated toothpaste and dental health expressed as d 3 mft/D 3 MFT were regularly recorded. RESULTS The SI of children whose intake was ≥ 10 E% (high SI) at 3 years remained high throughout the entire follow-up (p < 0.001, GLM for repeated measures) period, and they had higher salivary MS and LB counts (p = 0.024 and p = 0.068, respectively, GLM) than their counterparts whose SI was below 10 E% (low SI). No differences in toothbrushing habits were found between the high and low SI-groups. Caries-survival was strongly associated with low 6-year-counts of MS (p = 0.008, Cox regression analysis), and the d 3 mft/D 3 MFTscores of the high SI-group were higher than those of the low SI-group (p = 0.046, GLM). CONCLUSIONS High SI at 3 years was associated with high MS-counts ( ≥ 10 5 cfu/ml) and with a high risk for caries.
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Skinner J, Byun R, Blinkhorn A, Johnson G. Sugary drink consumption and dental caries in New South Wales teenagers. Aust Dent J 2015; 60:169-75. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Skinner
- Population Oral Health Unit; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Sydney; New South Wales
| | - R Byun
- Centre for Research; Evidence Management and Surveillance; Sydney and South Western Sydney Local Health Districts; New South Wales
| | - A Blinkhorn
- Population Oral Health Unit; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Sydney; New South Wales
| | - G Johnson
- Population Oral Health Unit; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Sydney; New South Wales
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13
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Masoe AV, Blinkhorn AS, Taylor J, Blinkhorn FA. Preventive and clinical care provided to adolescents attending public oral health services New South Wales, Australia: a retrospective study. BMC Oral Health 2014; 14:142. [PMID: 25432193 PMCID: PMC4266880 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-14-142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental Therapists and Oral Health Therapists (Therapists) working in the New
South Wales (NSW) Public Oral Health Service are charged with providing clinical
dental treatment including preventive care for all children under 18 years of age.
Adolescents in particular are at risk of dental caries and periodontal disease
which may be controlled through health education and clinical preventive
interventions. However, there is a dearth of evidence about the type or the
proportion of clinical time allocated to preventive care. The aim of this study is to record the proportion and type of preventive care
and clinical treatment activities provided by Therapists to adolescents accessing
the NSW Public Oral Health Service. Methods Clinical dental activity data for adolescents was obtained from the NSW Health
electronic Information System for Oral Health (ISOH) for the year 2011. Clinical
activities of Therapists were examined in relation to the provision of different
types of preventive care for adolescents by interrogating state-wide public oral
health data stored on ISOH. Results Therapists were responsible for 79.7 percent of the preventive care and 83.0
percent of the restorative treatment offered to adolescents accessing Public Oral
Health Services over the one year period. Preventive care provided by Therapists
for adolescents varied across Local Health Districts ranging from 32.0 percent to
55.8 percent of their clinical activity. Conclusions Therapists provided the majority of clinical care to adolescents accessing NSW
Public Oral Health Services. The proportion of time spent undertaking prevention
varied widely between Local Health Districts. The reasons for this variation
require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela V Masoe
- Faculty of Health, School of Health Sciences, Oral Health, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia.
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14
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Al-Bluwi GSM. Epidemiology of dental caries in children in the United Arab Emirates. Int Dent J 2014; 64:219-28. [PMID: 24860920 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries has a significant impact on the general health and development of children. Understanding caries epidemiology is an essential task for the United Arab Emirates (UAE) policymakers to evaluate preventive programmes and to improve oral health. The purpose of this review is to collect and summarise all data available in the published literature on the epidemiology of dental caries in the UAE in children aged under 13 years. This will provide dental health planners with a comprehensive data summary, which will help in the planning for and evaluation of dental caries prevention programmes. Data were collected from the various published studies in PubMed, Academic Search Complete, Google, and the reference lists in relevant articles. Four keywords were used in the search: 'dental caries,' 'epidemiology,' 'prevalence,' and 'UAE'. All studies conducted in the UAE in general or any single emirate that sheds light on the prevalence of dental caries of children under 13 years were included in this literature review. Studies on early childhood caries and factors associated with dental caries were also included. The review comprises 11 published surveys of childhood caries in UAE. The earliest study was published in 1991 and the most recent was published in 2011. The range of decayed, missing and filled primary teeth (dmft) in UAE children (age between 4 years and 6 years) was 5.1-8.4. For the 12-year-old group the decayed missing and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) ranged from 1.6 to 3.24. Baseline data on oral health and a good understanding of dental caries determinants are necessary for setting appropriate goals and planning for preventive oral health programmes. The current data available on the dmft and DMFT indicate that childhood dental caries is still a serious dental public health problem in the UAE that warrants immediate attention by the government and policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada S M Al-Bluwi
- Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
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15
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Blinkhorn F, Wallace J, Smith L, Blinkhorn AS. Developing leaflets to give dental health advice to Aboriginal families with young children. Int Dent J 2014; 64:195-9. [PMID: 24827698 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dental caries (decay) is a serious problem for young Aboriginal children, causing pain and stress. Treatment often involves extraction of teeth under a general anaesthetic. However, dental caries can be prevented by reducing the frequency of sugar consumption and brushing teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste. Such straightforward advice could be given to families by Aboriginal Health Workers who are trusted by their communities and have an existing advisory role. This paper reports on the development of dental health advice leaflets for use in Aboriginal communities. METHODS An Aboriginal reference panel was recruited to comment on dental health advice leaflets prepared by an Aboriginal graphic designer. The panel was asked to consider the design, cultural appropriateness and practicality of the leaflets. Comments were collected through email and face-to-face discussions, which were collated and the leaflets altered accordingly. RESULTS The advice from the panel resulted in greater use of pictures. For example large green ticks and red crosses highlighted healthy and unhealthy behaviours, respectively. The tooth brushing leaflet was amended to emphasise the safe storage of toothpaste in order to keep it out of reach of young children. The panel stated that all leaflets should incorporate the Aboriginal flag, and proposed that fridge magnets might be beneficial as all family members would benefit from seeing the messages every day. CONCLUSION The consultation process refined dental advice leaflets to reflect the views of an Aboriginal Reference Panel, in terms of design, cultural competence and practicality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Blinkhorn
- Faculty of Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia
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Taipale T, Pienihäkkinen K, Alanen P, Jokela J, Söderling E. Administration of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 in early childhood: a post-trial effect on caries occurrence at four years of age. Caries Res 2013; 47:364-72. [PMID: 23571819 DOI: 10.1159/000348424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotic bifidobacteria are widely used in the prevention of childhood diseases. These bacteria are also associated with caries occurrence. The present secondary analysis in a low-caries population evaluated the effect of early administration of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 (BB-12) on caries occurrence and identified markers of dental decay in early childhood. In the original randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (NCT00638677, http://www.clinicaltrials.gov), infants (n = 106) received BB-12, xylitol or sorbitol tablets from the age of 1-2 months to 2 years with a slow-release pacifier or a spoon (daily dose of BB-12 10(10) colony-forming units, polyol 200-600 mg). The present data were collected using clinical examinations and questionnaires at the age of 4 years. The occurrence of dental caries was assessed using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System. Oral hygiene status and mutans streptococci (MS) levels were also determined. No differences were detected between the study groups in the occurrence of enamel caries (p = 0.268) or obvious dentinal caries (p = 0.201). The occurrence of caries was associated with daily consumption of sweet drinks (p = 0.028), visible plaque observed (p = 0.002) and MS detected in the dental plaque (p = 0.002). Administration of BB-12 in infancy does not seem to increase or decrease the occurrence of caries by 4 years of age in a low-caries population.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Taipale
- Korpilahti-Muurame Health Care Center, Muurame, Finland
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Donovan TE, Anderson M, Becker W, Cagna DR, Hilton TJ, McKee JR, Metz JE. Annual review of selected scientific literature: Report of the committee on scientific investigation of the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry. J Prosthet Dent 2012; 108:15-50. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3913(12)60104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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