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Predapramote V, Tantilertanant Y, Srisawasdi S. Evaluation of resin infiltration for inhibiting initial caries progression: An in vitro study using Micro-Computed Tomographic analysis. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:745-750. [PMID: 38766302 PMCID: PMC11096623 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the changes in lesion depth and mineral density of resin infiltration-treated white spot lesions against a simulated oral environment using thermal and acidic challenges in vitro. Materials and methods Two enamel slabs were prepared from each buccal surface of permanent human premolars, for a total of 56 slabs. Artificial white spot lesions were induced. One specimen was treated with resin infiltration, while the other was used as an untreated control. A micro-CT was used to assess the lesion depth and mineral density of each specimen. Subsequently, all specimens were subjected to 10,000 cycles of thermocycling and pH cycling for 10 days before being re-evaluated using the micro-CT. Lesion depth and mineral density were examined and compared between before and after aging procedures within each group by the paired sample t-test. The independent samples t-test was utilized to compare lesion depth progression and percentage change of mineral density between groups. Results After aging, there was both a significant lesion depth progression and a mineral loss in the control and resin infiltration groups. Mean lesion depth progression was 132.88 ± 4.18 µm for the control group and 52.31 ± 4.16 µm for resin infiltration group. Percentage mineral density loss as a percentage for the control and resin infiltration groups were 16.1 ± 0.64 % and 8.83 ± 0.30 %, respectively. The resin infiltration group demonstrated a significantly lower mean lesion depth progression and percentage changes in mineral loss compared to the control group. Conclusions The lesion depth and mineral density changes in the resin infiltrated-treated group were lower than untreated white spot lesions after aging procedures using thermal and acidic challenges. Clinical significance Resin infiltration is a promising approach to inhibit the progression of white spot lesions related to the initial stage of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vongnart Predapramote
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Henri-Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Yanee Tantilertanant
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Henri-Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sirivimol Srisawasdi
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Henri-Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Varughese A, Janakiram C, Karuveettil V, James A. Effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride application with atraumatic restorative treatment in arresting the progression of dental caries: a systematic review protocol. JBI Evid Synth 2024:02174543-990000000-00300. [PMID: 38655633 DOI: 10.11124/jbies-23-00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride application along with atraumatic restorative treatment in arresting the progression of dental caries when compared with other caries-arresting treatments in children and adults. INTRODUCTION A combination of silver diamine fluoride with atraumatic restorative treatment is a minimally invasive and cost-effective method to treat dental caries. It offers a solution for the progression of caries and restoration of cavitated lesions in both primary and permanent teeth. A comprehensive summary of the evidence will assist dental clinicians and guide subsequent clinical research. INCLUSION CRITERIA Randomized controlled trials involving human participants of any age with cavitated dental caries lesions will be included. The intervention arm will evaluate the effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride application with atraumatic restorative treatment in dental caries arrest with a control arm of either atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) or silver diamine fluoride (SDF) application; or composite restoration; or sodium fluoride varnish or a placebo; or a study group with no intervention. METHODS Systematic searches for relevant studies will be conducted across multiple databases, including MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source, CINAHL, and Web of Science. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses and Google Scholar will also be searched for gray literature. The databases will be searched from January 2016 to the present. No restrictions will be imposed on the country of publication. Data appraisal, extraction, and synthesis will follow JBI guidance for systematic reviews of effectiveness. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system will be used to grade the certainty of evidence, and a Summary of Findings will be prepared. REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42023426766.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Varughese
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
- Amrita Centre for Evidence Based Oral Health: A JBI Affiliated Group, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Chandrashekar Janakiram
- Amrita Centre for Evidence Based Oral Health: A JBI Affiliated Group, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Vineetha Karuveettil
- Amrita Centre for Evidence Based Oral Health: A JBI Affiliated Group, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Anju James
- Amrita Centre for Evidence Based Oral Health: A JBI Affiliated Group, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
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Mungur A, Chen H, Shahid S, Baysan A. A systematic review on the effect of silver diamine fluoride for management of dental caries in permanent teeth. Clin Exp Dent Res 2023; 9:375-387. [PMID: 36823765 PMCID: PMC10098297 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this review is to assess the available literature systematically related to the effect of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for the management of occlusal and root carious lesions in permanent teeth regardless of age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This systematic review was conducted according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses statement. A literature search was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, DOAJ, and Open Gray with no language restrictions up to December 2022. Three reviewers critically assessed the studies for eligibility. Any disputes between the reviewers were handled by a fourth independent reviewer. The quality assessment and data extraction of the studies were performed. RESULTS A total of 2176 studies were screened. The titles and abstracts of the studies were then reviewed (n = 346), and 52 studies met the search criteria. Following the full-text review, 11 studies investigated the effect of SDF against other treatments such as chlorhexidine, sodium fluoride, ammonium bifluoride, tricalcium silicate paste, casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate, glass ionomer cement (GIC) combined with fluoride varnish, resin-modified GIC, and atraumatic restorative treatment were assessed. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this review, the use of SDF is promising with high preventative fractions in permanent teeth of children and older populations when compared to other topical applications such as dental varnish containing sodium fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Mungur
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Haoran Chen
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Saroash Shahid
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Aylin Baysan
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Kale YJ, Misal S, Dadpe MV, Dahake PT, Kendre SB, Jain M. Comparison of Cariostatic and Remineralizing Potential of Two Commercial Silver Diamine Fluoride Preparations using Confocal Laser Microscopy and EDX-SEM Spectroscopy: An In Vitro study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022; 15:643-651. [PMID: 36866129 PMCID: PMC9973079 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To investigate the cariostatic and remineralizing effect of two commercial silver diamine fluoride (SDF) preparations on enamel and dentinal caries using a bacterial plaque model. Materials and methods A total of 32 extracted primary molars were divided into two groups (n = 16), group I (FAgamin), and group II (SDF). Plaque bacterial model was used to induce caries on enamel and dentin. Preoperative evaluation of samples was done using confocal laser microscopy (CLSM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy-scanning electron microscope (EDX-SEM). All samples were treated with test materials and evaluated for postoperative remineralization quantification. Results Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) revealed that mean preoperative levels (in weight %) of silver (Ag) and fluoride (F2) in carious enamel lesions were 0.0 and 0.0, which increased postoperatively to 11.40 and 31.05 for FAgamin and 13.61 and 31.87 for SDF, respectively. For dentinal caries, EDX revealed mean preoperative levels (in weight %) of Ag and F2 were 0.0 and 0.0, which increased to 11.47 and 48.71 for FAgamin and 10.16 and 47.82 for SDF, respectively postoperatively. Both the groups showed evident demineralization with exposed collagen under SEM. The mean value of enamel lesion depth for the group I and II were 38.64 and 39.30 µm, that reduced to 28.02 and 28.70 µm while for dentinal caries, the mean depth from 38.05 and 38.29 µm that reduced significantly to 28.96 and 30.10 µm, respectively (p < 0.001). Caries depth declined significantly after the application of both FAgamin and SDF (p < 0.001). Conclusion FAgamin and SDF show similar cariostatic and remineralization potential for dental caries. The bacterial plaque model used in this study is an efficient method to induce artificial carious lesions in teeth. Clinical significance A comparative evaluation of these two cariostatic and remineralizing agents will aid in identifying the efficacy of both commercial products in treating initial caries lesions in an effective noninvasive and child-friendly manner. How to cite this article Kale YJ, Misal S, Dadpe MV, et al. Comparison of Cariostatic and Remineralizing Potential of Two Commercial Silver Diamine Fluoride Preparations using Confocal Laser Microscopy and EDX-SEM Spectroscopy: An In Vitro study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(6):643-651.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh J Kale
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Maharashtra Institute of Dental Sciences & Research (Dental College) (MIDSR), Latur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sagar Misal
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Maharashtra Institute of Dental Sciences & Research (Dental College) (MIDSR), Latur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mahesh V Dadpe
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Maharashtra Institute of Dental Sciences & Research (Dental College) (MIDSR), Latur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prasanna T Dahake
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Maharashtra Institute of Dental Sciences & Research (Dental College) (MIDSR), Latur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shrikant B Kendre
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Maharashtra Institute of Dental Sciences & Research (Dental College) (MIDSR), Latur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mukul Jain
- Private Practitioner, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Mendes-Gouvêa CC, Danelon M, Vieira APM, do Amaral JG, de Souza-Neto FN, Gorup LF, Camargo ER, Delbem ACB, Barbosa DB. Silver nanoparticles associated with a polyphosphate and fluoride enhance the prevention of enamel demineralization and impact on dual-biofilm adhesion. J Dent 2022; 125:104245. [PMID: 35914572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study were to produce a multifunctional nanocomposite combining silver nanoaparticles (Ag), sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) and fluoride (F), to investigate its effect on dental enamel demineralization and on biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. METHODS Bovine enamel blocks were submitted to five pH cycles and treated 2x/day with 100ppm F, 225ppm F, 100ppm F+0.2%TMP or 100ppm F+0.2%TMP+10% Ag (100F/TMP/Ag). Next, surface hardness loss (%SH), integrated loss of subsurface hardness (ΔKHN), enamel fluoride (F) and calcium (Ca) concentration were determined. Biofilms from single and dual species of S. mutans and C. albicans were treated with 100F/TMP/Ag, Ag or chlorhexidine gluconate for 24h. The antibiofilm effect was evaluated by colony-forming unit counting and Scanning Electron Microscopy. RESULTS The nanocomposite reduced 43.0% of %SH and was similar with samples treated with 225F, 100F/TMP and 100/TMP/Ag. The attribute of F and/or TMP in reducing ΔKHN in 5-20 μm was not affected by the addiction of Ag (110F = 225F = 100F/TMP = 100F/TMP/Ag > Negative Control). Further, 100F/TMP/Ag strongly reduced viable cells of S. mutans in dual biofilms (∼5 log10cm2) and structurally affected the biofilms. CONCLUSION The 100F/TMP/F promoted a protective effect against enamel demineralization and was able to significantly inhibit the growth of biofilms of S. mutans and C. albicans. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The focus on prevention and non-invasive dental treatment is the most effective and least costly way to improve the population's oral health conditions. We present a nanocomposite for a multiple approach in prevention of caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Corrêa Mendes-Gouvêa
- Graduate Program of Dental Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Marcelle Danelon
- School of Dentistry, University of Ribeirão Preto - UNAERP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14096-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Miranda Vieira
- Graduate Program of Dental Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Jackeline Gallo do Amaral
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Francisco Nunes de Souza-Neto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Gorup
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565- 905, Brazil
| | - Emerson Rodrigues Camargo
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565- 905, Brazil
| | - Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Debora Barros Barbosa
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16015-050, Brazil.
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Phonghanyudh A, Duangthip D, Mabangkhru S, Jirarattanasopha V. Is Silver Diamine Fluoride Effective in Arresting Enamel Caries? A Randomized Clinical Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19158992. [PMID: 35897363 PMCID: PMC9331268 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19158992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: There is limited information on the effectiveness of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in managing enamel caries. Objective: This study aimed to compare effectiveness of 38% SDF and 5% Sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish in arresting enamel caries in young children when applied semiannually over 18 months. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on children aged 1−3 years who had at least one active carious surface. They were allocated into two groups: Group 1 (38% SDF) and Group 2 (5% NaF varnish). Visual-tactile examination was used to assess extent of carious lesions. Enamel caries that did not progress to dentin were classified as having caries arrest. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed. Results: At baseline, 290 children with 1974 tooth surfaces with enamel caries were recruited. Caries arrest rates at the tooth surface level in Group 1 and Group 2 were 59.1% and 58.8%, respectively (p = 0.873), at 18 months. The multilevel logistic regression analysis revealed that tooth position, tooth surface, extent of enamel caries at baseline, caries experience, and brushing with fluoride toothpaste influenced caries arrest (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The semiannual application of 38% SDF and 5% NaF varnish had comparable effectiveness in arresting enamel caries in primary teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araya Phonghanyudh
- School of Dentistry, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand;
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Kale YJ, Misal S, Dadpe M, Dahake PT, Kendre SB, Jain M. Comparative Evaluation of Cariostatic and Remineralizing Potential of Two Commercial Silver Diamine Fluoride Preparations Using Confocal Laser Microscopy and EDX-SEM Spectroscopy: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022; 15:442-449. [PMID: 36875974 PMCID: PMC9983589 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To investigate the cariostatic and remineralizing effect of two commercial silver diamine fluoride (SDF) preparations on enamel and dentinal caries using a plaque bacterial model. Materials and methods Thirty-two extracted primary molars were divided into two groups (n = 16) as group I (Advantage Arrest) and group II (e-SDF). Plaque bacterial model was used to induce caries on enamel and dentin. Preoperative evaluation of samples was done using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy-scanning electron microscope (EDX-SEM). All samples were treated with test materials and evaluated for postoperative remineralization quantification. Results EDX revealed that mean preoperative levels (in weight%) of silver (Ag) and fluoride (F) in enamel carious lesions were 0.0 and 0.0, which increased postoperatively to 11.40 and 31.05 for Advantage Arrest and 13.61 and 31.87 for e-SDF, respectively. For dentinal caries, EDX revealed mean preoperative levels (in weight%) of Ag and F were 0.0 and 0.0, which increased to 11.47 and 48.71 for Advantage Arrest and 10.16 and 47.82 for e-SDF, respectively postoperatively. Both groups showed evident demineralization with exposed collagen under SEM. The mean values of enamel lesion depth for the group I and II were 38.64 and 39.30 µm, that reduced to 28.02 and 28.70 µm, while for dentinal caries, the mean depth from 38.05 to 38.29 µm that reduced significantly to 28.96 and 30.10 µm, respectively (p < 0.001). Caries depth declined significantly after the application of both Advantage Arrest and e-SDF (p < 0.001). Conclusion Advantage arrest and e-SDF show similar cariostatic and remineralization potential for dental caries. The plaque bacterial model used in this study is an efficient method to induce artificial carious lesions in teeth. How to cite this article Kale YJ, Misal S, Dadpe M, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Cariostatic and Remineralizing Potential of Two Commercial Silver Diamine Fluoride Preparations Using Confocal Laser Microscopy and EDX-SEM Spectroscopy: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(4):442-449.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh J Kale
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Maharashtra Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, Latur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sagar Misal
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Maharashtra Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, Latur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mahesh Dadpe
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Maharashtra Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, Latur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prasanna T Dahake
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Maharashtra Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, Latur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shrikant B Kendre
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Maharashtra Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, Latur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mukul Jain
- Private Practitioner, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Mohabatpour F, Chen X, Papagerakis S, Papagerakis P. Novel trends, challenges and new perspectives for enamel repair and regeneration to treat dental defects. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:3062-3087. [PMID: 35543379 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00072e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dental enamel is the hardest tissue in the human body, providing external protection for the tooth against masticatory forces, temperature changes and chemical stimuli. Once enamel is damaged/altered by genetic defects, dental caries, trauma, and/or dental wear, it cannot repair itself due to the loss of enamel producing cells following the tooth eruption. The current restorative dental materials are unable to replicate physico-mechanical, esthetic features and crystal structures of the native enamel. Thus, development of alternative approaches to repair and regenerate enamel defects is much needed but remains challenging due to the structural and functional complexities involved. This review paper summarizes the clinical aspects to be taken into consideration for the development of optimal therapeutic approaches to tackle dental enamel defects. It also provides a comprehensive overview of the emerging acellular and cellular approaches proposed for enamel remineralization and regeneration. Acellular approaches aim to artificially synthesize or re-mineralize enamel, whereas cell-based strategies aim to mimic the natural process of enamel development given that epithelial cells can be stimulated to produce enamel postnatally during the adult life. The key issues and current challenges are also discussed here, along with new perspectives for future research to advance the field of regenerative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohabatpour
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., S7N 5A9, SK, Canada. .,College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, S7N 5E4, SK, Canada
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., S7N 5A9, SK, Canada. .,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, S7N 5A9, SK, Canada
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., S7N 5A9, SK, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd B419, S7N 0 W8, SK, Canada
| | - Petros Papagerakis
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., S7N 5A9, SK, Canada. .,College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, S7N 5E4, SK, Canada
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Jabin Z, Jain G, Jaiswal M, Vishnu Priya V. Top 100 cited articles on Silver diamine fluoride-A bibliometric analysis. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2022; 12:413-420. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Alcorn A, Al Dehailan L, Cook NB, Tang Q, Lippert F. Longitudinal In Vitro Effects of Silver Diamine Fluoride on Early Enamel Caries Lesions. Oper Dent 2022; 47:309-319. [PMID: 35776957 DOI: 10.2341/20-237-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This laboratory study evaluated the longitudinal surface microhardness changes in early, incipient, noncavitated, white-spot, enamel caries lesions treated with silver diamine fluoride (SDF). Five intervention groups (SDF, AgNO3, KF, 5% sodium fluoride varnish (FV), deionized water (DI)) × two-time intervals after intervention (immediate & delayed pH-cycling) resulted in 10 groups (n=18). Silver nitrate (AgNO3) and potassium fluoride (KF) groups served as controls to assist in evaluating if remineralization effects were due to the silver or fluoride component in SDF. Early, incipient, noncavitated, white-spot, enamel caries lesions were created in bovine enamel, the extent of demineralization was determined using Vickers surface microhardness (VHNlesion). Intervention treatments were applied. Half the specimens from each group underwent immediate 5-day pH-cycling, and half were stored in an incubator with artificial saliva for 2 weeks before undergoing 5-day pH-cycling. After pH-cycling, lesion hardness was evaluated using VHNpost. Specimens were then exposed to a second demineralization challenge, and lesion softening was evaluated (VHNsecdem). Hardness variables were calculated: ΔVHN = VHNpost - VHNlesion; ΔVHNsecdem = VHNsecdem - VHNpost. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA (α=0.05). Immediately cycled, SDF had significantly (p<0.0001) greater remineralization than DI, AgNO3, and FV. All delayed cycling groups had significantly greater remineralization than FV (p<0.0001). Significantly greater remineralization was noted in delayed AgNO3 (p≤0.0001), DI (p=0.0003), and FV (p=0.0006) compared to immediately cycled. After the second demineralization challenge, FV had significantly less surface softening than AgNO3 (p=0.0002), DI (p=0.0003), KF (p=0.0225), and SDF (p=0.0388) intervention groups. No significant difference was found between the pH-cycle timings (p=0.2710). Based the present findings, FV may be better suited than SDF to treat early, incipient, noncavitated, white-spot, enamel caries lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aat Alcorn
- Alice-Anne Thompson Alcorn, DDS, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - L Al Dehailan
- Laila Al Dehailan, BDS, MSD, PhD, Indiana University School of Dentistry, IN, USA
| | - N B Cook
- Norman Blaine Cook, DDS, MSD, Indiana University School of Dentistry, IN, USA
| | - Q Tang
- Qing Tang, MS, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - F Lippert
- *Frank Lippert, PhD, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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11
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Effect of topically applied silver compounds on the demineralisation of hydroxyapatite. Dent Mater 2022; 38:709-714. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Ghavami-Lahiji M, Davalloo RT, Tajziehchi G, Shams P. Micro-computed tomography in preventive and restorative dental research: A review. Imaging Sci Dent 2022; 51:341-350. [PMID: 34987994 PMCID: PMC8695474 DOI: 10.5624/isd.20210087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The use of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scans in biomedical and dental research is growing rapidly. This study aimed to explore the scientific literature on approaches and applications of micro-CT in restorative dentistry. Materials and Methods An electronic search of publications from January 2009 to March 2021 was conducted using ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The search included only English-language articles. Therefore, only studies that addressed recent advances and the potential uses of micro-CT in restorative and preventive dentistry were selected. Results Micro-CT is a tool that enables 3-dimensional imaging on a small scale with very high resolution. In this method, there is no need for sample preparation or slicing. Therefore, it is possible to examine the internal structure of tissue and the internal adaptation of materials to surfaces without destroying them. Due to these advantages, micro-CT has been recommended as a standard imaging tool in dental research for many applications such as tissue engineering, endodontics, restorative dentistry, and research on the mineral density of hard tissues and bone growth. However, the high costs of micro-CT, the time necessary for scanning and reconstruction, computer expertise requirements, and the enormous volume of information are drawbacks. Conclusion The potential of micro-CT as an emerging, accurate, non-destructive approach is clear, and the valuable research findings reported in the literature provide an impetus for researchers to perform future studies focusing on employing this method in dental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrsima Ghavami-Lahiji
- Dental Sciences Research Center, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Reza Tayefeh Davalloo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Gelareh Tajziehchi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Paria Shams
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Desai H, Stewart CA, Finer Y. Minimally Invasive Therapies for the Management of Dental Caries—A Literature Review. Dent J (Basel) 2021; 9:dj9120147. [PMID: 34940044 PMCID: PMC8700643 DOI: 10.3390/dj9120147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, due to a better understanding of the caries pathology and advances in dental materials, the utilization of non-invasive and minimally invasive techniques that delay/obviate the need for traditional restorations has started gaining momentum. This literature review focuses on some of these approaches, including fluoride varnish, silver diamine fluoride, resin sealants, resin infiltration, chemomechanical caries removal and atraumatic restorative treatment, in the context of their chemistries, indications for use, clinical efficacy, factors determining efficacy and limitations. Additionally, we discuss strategies currently being explored to enhance the antimicrobial properties of these treatment modalities to expand the scope of their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetal Desai
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (H.D.); (C.A.S.)
| | - Cameron A. Stewart
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (H.D.); (C.A.S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Yoav Finer
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (H.D.); (C.A.S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Correspondence:
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14
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Comparison of the Ability of Two Brands of CBCT with That of SEM to Detect the Marginal Leakage of Class V Composite Resin Restorations. ScientificWorldJournal 2021; 2021:6688554. [PMID: 34305480 PMCID: PMC8266480 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6688554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study was carried out to compare the ability of two common brands of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), including New Tom and Planmeca, to detect the marginal leakage of class V composite resins. The ability of each of the two brands of CBCT to detect the marginal leakage of class V composite resins was also compared with that of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Methods Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surface of sixteen extracted caries-free human premolars. Cavities were conditioned and filled with composite resin. The teeth were immersed in 50% weight/weight aqueous silver nitrate solution for 24 hours. They were then taken out and rinsed with distilled water. Next, they were put in a developing solution. They were first viewed with New Tom and Planmeca CBCT units and were then sectioned and evaluated by an SEM. Results The results of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed no significant difference between the mean marginal leakage scores of New Tom and Planmeca CBCT images (p value = 0.157) and between those of New Tom CBCT and SEM images (p value = 0.098). However, there was a significant difference between the mean marginal leakage scores of Planmeca CBCT and SEM images (p value = 0.023). Conclusion There were no significant differences between New Tom and Planmeca CBCT units in the detection of marginal leakage of class V composite resins. However, when these CBCT units were compared with the SEM, the New Tom CBCT unit could detect the marginal leakage better than Planmeca.
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15
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Romero MJRH, Lippert F. Indirect caries-preventive effect of silver diamine fluoride on adjacent dental substrate: A single-section demineralization study. Eur J Oral Sci 2021; 129:e12751. [PMID: 33501765 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the indirect effect of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) on demineralization of adjacent untreated sound and pre-demineralized enamel and dentine using a single-section model for digital transverse microradiography (TMR-D). Forty-eight bovine dentine single sections were demineralized, stratified (n = 12) according to integrated mineral loss (ΔZ), and treated with SDF or deionized water (DIW). Each "treated dentine" section was attached between untreated sound and pre-demineralized enamel or dentine and then subjected to demineralization. ΔZ and lesion depths (LD) of all specimens at baseline, 24 and 48 h demineralization, and after treatment of "treated dentine" were quantified using TMR-D. Fluoride in the demineralization solution of SDF clusters was determined using an ion-selective electrode. ΔZ and LD of sound and ΔZ of pre-demineralized enamel adjacent to SDF-treated dentine did not increase over time. All untreated dentine demineralized significantly; however, ΔZ of sound dentine adjacent to SDF-treated specimen was still significantly lower than control. SDF-treated dentine remineralized and released fluoride even after 48 h. Consistent with clinical findings, when applied only to demineralized teeth in this chemical model, 38% SDF completely inhibited demineralization in adjacent untreated sound enamel. Demineralization prevention was observed to a lesser extent in adjacent pre-demineralized enamel but not in dentine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jacinta Rosario H Romero
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Frank Lippert
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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16
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Luk K, Niu JY, Gutknecht N, Zhao IS, Chu CH. Preventing Enamel Caries Using Carbon Dioxide Laser and Silver Diamine Fluoride. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2020; 39:297-302. [PMID: 33373541 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2020.4894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study was intended to investigate the caries prevention potential of carbon dioxide (CO2) laser (λ = 10,600 nm) irradiation followed by application of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) to enamel. Materials and methods: Human enamel specimens were randomly allocated to four groups (n = 10 per group). Group 1 specimens were treated with SDF; Group 2 specimens were treated with a CO2 laser; Group 3 specimens were irradiated with a CO2 laser then treated with SDF, and Group 4 specimens received no treatment. All specimens were subjected to pH cycling for cariogenic challenge. Lesion depth, microhardness, surface morphology, and elemental analysis were assessed. Results: The lesion depths for Groups 1-4 were 33 ± 16, 80 ± 9, 18 ± 15, and 102 ± 9 μm, respectively (p < 0.001; Group 3 < Group 1 < Group 2 < Group 4). Knoop hardness values for Groups 1-4 were 61 ± 19, 68 ± 20, 78 ± 27, and 36 ± 8, respectively (p = 0.002; Group 4 < Groups 1, 2, and 3). The enamel in Group 4 but not in the other groups showed a roughened surface resembling an acid-etched pattern. Calcium-to-phosphorus molar ratios of Groups 1-4 were 1.68 ± 60.09, 1.61 ± 0.06, 1.69 ± 0.10, and 1.49 ± 0.10, respectively (p < 0.001; Group 4 < Groups 1, 2, and 3). Conclusions: Using the CO2 laser or SDF separately enhanced the resistance of enamel to cariogenic challenge. Moreover, there was an additional effect of the combined use of the CO2 laser and SDF for preventing enamel demineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Luk
- School of Dentistry, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - John Yun Niu
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Norbert Gutknecht
- Department of Operative Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Irene Shuping Zhao
- School of Dentistry, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun Hung Chu
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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17
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Ahn JH, Kim JW, Yoon YM, Lee NY, Lee SH, Jih MK. Time-Dependent Anti-Demineralization Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride. CHILDREN-BASEL 2020; 7:children7120251. [PMID: 33255281 PMCID: PMC7760551 DOI: 10.3390/children7120251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the demineralization resistance of teeth treated with silver diamine fluoride (SDF) to that treated with fluoride varnish. A total of 105 healthy bovine incisors were divided into control, fluoride varnish, and SDF groups. The enamel surface density change was then measured by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) at three depths. The demineralized zone volume was measured on 3D micro-CT images to evaluate the total demineralization rate. The enamel surface morphology was assessed by scanning electron microscope. The enamel density had continuously decreased while demineralization increased in the control and fluoride varnish groups. The enamel density had increased in the SDF group till the 7th day of demineralization treatment and decreased thereafter. However, the decrease in the SDF group was less severe than that in the other groups (p < 0.05). The demineralized enamel volume had increased through treatment and was the highest in the control group, followed by the fluoride varnish and SDF group. The enamel surface morphology was the roughest and most irregular in the control group, followed by the fluoride varnish group and SDF groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Ahn
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (J.-H.A.); (J.-W.K.); (N.-Y.L.); (S.-H.L.)
| | - Ji-Woong Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (J.-H.A.); (J.-W.K.); (N.-Y.L.); (S.-H.L.)
| | | | - Nan-Young Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (J.-H.A.); (J.-W.K.); (N.-Y.L.); (S.-H.L.)
| | - Sang-Ho Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (J.-H.A.); (J.-W.K.); (N.-Y.L.); (S.-H.L.)
| | - Myeong-Kwan Jih
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (J.-H.A.); (J.-W.K.); (N.-Y.L.); (S.-H.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-220-3868; Fax: +82-62-225-8240
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18
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Abdullah N, Al Marzooq F, Mohamad S, Abd Rahman N, Rani KGA, Chi Ngo H, Samaranayake LP. The antibacterial efficacy of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is not modulated by potassium iodide (KI) supplements: A study on in-situ plaque biofilms using viability real-time PCR with propidium monoazide. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241519. [PMID: 33141868 PMCID: PMC7608867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is commonly used to arrest caries lesions, especially in early childhood caries. Recently, it was suggested that SDF can be combined with potassium iodide (KI) to minimize the discoloration of demineralized dentine associated with SDF application. However, the antibacterial efficacy of SDF alone or combined with KI on in-situ biofilm is unknown. Hence, we compared the anti-plaque biofilm efficacy of two different commercially available SDF solutions, with or without KI, using an in-situ biofilm, analysed using viability real-time PCR with propidium monoazide (PMA). Appliance-borne in-situ biofilm samples (n = 90) were grown for a period of 6 h in five healthy subjects who repeated the experiment on three separate occasions, using a validated, novel, intraoral device. The relative anti-biofilm efficacy of two SDF formulations; 38.0% Topamine (SDFT) and 31.3%, Riva Star (SDFR), KI alone, and KI in combination with SDFR (SDFR+KI) was compared. The experiments were performed by applying an optimized volume of the agents onto the biofilm for 1min, mimicking the standard clinical procedure. Afterwards the viability of the residual biofilm bacteria was quantified using viability real-time PCR with PMA, then the percentage of viable from total bacteria was calculated. Both SDF formulations (SDFT and SDFR) exhibited potent antibacterial activities against the in-situ biofilm; however, there was non-significant difference in their efficacy. KI alone did not demonstrate any antibacterial effect, and there was non-significant difference in the antibacterial efficacy of SDF alone compared to SDF with KI, (SDFT v SDFR/KI). Thus, we conclude that the antibacterial efficacy of SDF against plaque biofilms is not modulated by KI supplements. Viability real-time PCR with PMA was successfully used to analyze the viability of naturally grown oral biofilm; thus, the same method can be used to test the antimicrobial effect of other agents on oral biofilms in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizam Abdullah
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Farah Al Marzooq
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Suharni Mohamad
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | - Normastura Abd Rahman
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Hien Chi Ngo
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Lakshman Perera Samaranayake
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (SAR)
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19
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Sayed M, Hiraishi N, Matin K, Abdou A, Burrow MF, Tagami J. Effect of silver-containing agents on the ultra-structural morphology of dentinal collagen. Dent Mater 2020; 36:936-944. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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20
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Sorkhdini P, Gregory RL, Crystal YO, Tang Q, Lippert F. Effectiveness of in vitro primary coronal caries prevention with silver diamine fluoride - Chemical vs biofilm models. J Dent 2020; 99:103418. [PMID: 32593705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main goal of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of SDF and its individual components, silver (Ag+) and fluoride (F-) ions, in preventing enamel demineralization using biofilm and chemical models. METHODES Polished human enamel specimens were assigned to five treatment groups (n = 18 per group): SDF (38 %); SDF followed by application of a saturated solution of potassium iodide (SDF + KI); silver nitrate (AgNO3; silver control, 253,900 ppm Ag+); potassium fluoride (KF; fluoride control, 44,800 ppm F); deionized water (DIW). Treatments were applied once to sound enamel. In the biofilm model, specimens were demineralized by aerobic overnight incubation using cariogenic bacteria isolated from human saliva in brain heart infusion supplemented with 0.2 % sucrose for three days. In the chemical model, enamel specimens were immersed in a demineralizing solution containing 0.1 M lactic acid, 4.1 mM CaCl2, 8.0 mM KH2PO4, 0.2 % Carbopol 907, pH adjusted to 5.0 for five days. Vickers surface microhardness was used to determine the extent of enamel demineralization. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. RESULTS In the chemical model, there was no statistically significant difference between SDF and SDF + KI in preventing coronal caries (p < 0.0001). In the biofilm model, SDF + KI was significantly less effective in preventing demineralization than SDF (p < 0.0001). In both models, SDF and SDF + KI were superior in their ability to prevent caries lesion formation than AgNO3 and DIW. CONCLUSION KI application after SDF treatment appears to impair SDF's ability to prevent biofilm-mediated but not chemically induced demineralization. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE SDF may be a viable option in preventing primary coronal caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parand Sorkhdini
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Richard L Gregory
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Yasmi O Crystal
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, USA.
| | - Qing Tang
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Frank Lippert
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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21
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Luk K, Zhao IS, Yu OY, Mei ML, Gutknecht N, Chu CH. Caries Prevention Effects of Silver Diamine Fluoride with 10,600 nm Carbon Dioxide Laser Irradiation on Dentin. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2020; 38:295-300. [DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Luk
- School of Dentistry, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Irene Shuping Zhao
- School of Dentistry, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ollie Yiru Yu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - May Lei Mei
- Faculty of Dentistry, Otago University, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Norbert Gutknecht
- Department of Operative Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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22
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Gao SS, Chen KJ, Duangthip D, Wong MCM, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Preventing early childhood caries with silver diamine fluoride: study protocol for a randomised clinical trial. Trials 2020; 21:140. [PMID: 32019596 PMCID: PMC7001262 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-4088-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) solution is effective in arresting early childhood caries (ECC). Previous studies have suggested that it might exert a preventive effect in managing ECC. However, no well-designed clinical trials have yet been performed to study the effect of SDF on caries prevention. The objective of this randomised clinical trial is to determine whether 38% SDF solution is superior to 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish in preventing new carious lesions in primary anterior teeth. METHODS/DESIGN This is a phase II, single-centre, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled, parallel-group pragmatic trial. The hypothesis tested is that 38% SDF would be more effective than 5% NaF in preventing new caries development in primary anterior teeth. Approximately 730 3-year-old children who are generally healthy and with parental consent will be recruited from Hong Kong kindergartens. This sample size will be sufficient for appropriate statistical analysis of a superiority trial with 90% power, allowing for a 20% drop-out rate. Stratified randomisation will be adopted for allocating the intervention. The intervention will either be 38% SDF or 5% NaF (as a positive control) therapy on primary upper anterior teeth. A single trained examiner will conduct a dental examination every 6 months until 30 months in kindergarten. Another operator will provide fluoride therapy immediately after each dental examination. The examiner, children and children's parents will be blinded to the treatment allocation. A questionnaire survey will be conducted to study the children's oral health-related behaviours and socioeconomic backgrounds. Chi-square tests, t tests, regression analyses and survival analyses will be adopted for data analysis. DISCUSSION The effectiveness of 38% SDF in preventing ECC remains uncertain. If the results are as anticipated, care standards using 5% NaF for ECC prevention will be changed. In addition, the results will be widely available and increase the adoption of SDF in other countries to reduce the global burden of ECC. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04075474. Registered on 30 Aug 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry Shiqian Gao
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Kitty Jieyi Chen
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Duangporn Duangthip
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - May Chun Mei Wong
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Edward Chin Man Lo
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR China
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23
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Yu OY, Mei ML, Zhao IS, Li QL, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Remineralisation of enamel with silver diamine fluoride and sodium fluoride. Dent Mater 2018; 34:e344-e352. [PMID: 30482611 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the remineralising effect of the adjunctive application of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) solution and 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish on artificial enamel caries lesions. METHODS Forty-eight demineralised enamel specimens were allocated into four groups. Group 1 received 38% SDF and 5% NaF; Group 2 received 38% SDF; Group 3 received 5% NaF; and Group 4 received deionized water. After pH cycling, the surface morphology and fluoride content of the specimens were studied via scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The lesion depth and crystal characteristics were assessed using micro-computed tomography and X-ray diffraction (XRD) respectively. The crystallization reaction was performed by incubating hydroxyapatite powder with NaF or SDF for 48h. The precipitates were studied via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). RESULTS SEM demonstrated the destruction of the enamel surface in Group 4. EDS revealed that the mean fluoride weight percentage of Groups 1-4 were 1.28±0.15, 1.33±0.19, 1.03±0.09 and 0.87±0.04 respectively. The mean lesion depths of Groups 1-4 were 129±14μm, 131±16μm, 153±10μm and 181±21μm respectively. The addition of NaF to SDF did not reduce the lesion depths (p=0.779). XRD revealed that silver chloride formed as a main product in Groups 1 and 2. Meanwhile, TEM analysis indicated that silver nanoparticles were incorporated into hydroxyapatite crystal in SDF-treated hydroxyapatite. XPS spectra suggested that the chemical state of the silver was metallic. SIGNIFICANCE The adjunctive application of SDF and NaF varnish had a similar remineralising effect to that of SDF on enamel caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ollie Yiru Yu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - May Lei Mei
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | - Quan-Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Stomatological Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, China.
| | - Edward Chi-Man Lo
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chun-Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Sayed M, Matsui N, Hiraishi N, Inoue G, Nikaido T, Burrow MF, Tagami J. Evaluation of discoloration of sound/demineralized root dentin with silver diamine fluoride: In-vitro study. Dent Mater J 2018; 38:143-149. [PMID: 30381632 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2018-008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the effect of application of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) on discoloration of demineralized dentin over time. Dentin specimens were divided into four groups according to time of dentin demineralization. A 38% SDF solution was then applied to the dentin surfaces. Half of the specimens were placed in light-proof boxes while the remainder were exposed to light. Both groups were maintained at 37˚C. Color change was determined using a spectrophotometer at different time intervals. SEM/EDS analysis were also undertaken. The 13 h EDTA demineralized group showed the highest values for color change among different time intervals, with the control being the lowest. The light exposed groups showed more color change compared to the unexposed groups. We concluded that the degree of dentin demineralization leads to a significant increase of the rate of dentin color change after application of SDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Sayed
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Oral Restitution Department, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Naoko Matsui
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Oral Restitution Department, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Noriko Hiraishi
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Oral Restitution Department, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Go Inoue
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Oral Restitution Department, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Toru Nikaido
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Oral Restitution Department, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | | | - Junji Tagami
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Oral Restitution Department, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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Bleaching of simulated stained-remineralized caries lesions in vitro. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:1785-1792. [PMID: 30182319 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2590-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-invasive esthetic treatment options for stained arrested caries lesions have not been explored. This study aimed to develop laboratory models to create stained-remineralized caries-like lesions (s-RCLs) and to test the efficacy of bleaching on their esthetic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred twelve enamel/dentin specimens were prepared from human molars, embedded, and had their color measured spectrophotometrically at baseline and after demineralization. They were randomly divided into four groups (n = 14) based on the staining/remineralization protocols for a total of 5 days: G1, no staining/no remineralization; G2, no staining/remineralization in artificial saliva (AS); G3, non-metallic staining/remineralization with sodium fluoride/AS; and G4, metallic staining/remineralization with silver diamine fluoride/AS. The lesion mineral loss (ΔZ) and depth (L) were measured using transverse microradiography along with color change (ΔE). Specimens were bleached and color was re-evaluated. Data were analyzed using ANOVA models followed by Fisher's PLSD tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS s-RCLs in G4 were significantly (p < 0.001) darker than G3, G2, and G1 regardless of substrate type and condition. s-RCLs in G2, G3, and G4 showed significantly lower ΔZ and L than G1 (all p < 0.001), confirming occurrence of remineralization. G4 exhibited significantly lower ΔZ and L compared to G2 (p < 0.001). Bleaching was more effective in non-metallic than in metallic stained lesions regardless of substrate type (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The proposed models created distinct s-RCLs. Non-metallic s-RCLs were lighter and more responsive to bleaching compared to metallic s-RCLs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The developed experimental models allow the further investigation of the efficacy and safety of different clinical strategies for the esthetic management of s-RCLs.
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Abstract
We focus on scalable public health interventions that prevent and delay the development of caries and enhance resistance to dental caries lesions. These interventions should occur throughout the life cycle, and need to be age appropriate. Mitigating disease transmission and enhancing resistance are achieved through use of various fluorides, sugar substitutes, mechanical barriers such as pit-and-fissure sealants, and antimicrobials. A key aspect is counseling and other behavioral interventions that are designed to promote use of disease transmission-inhibiting and tooth resistance-enhancing agents. Advocacy for public water fluoridation and sugar taxes is an appropriate dental public health activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Horst
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, QB3 Room 404, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jason M Tanzer
- Section on Oral Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, University of Connecticut, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Peter M Milgrom
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Box 357475, Seattle, WA 98195-7475, USA.
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Yu OY, Mei ML, Zhao IS, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Effects of Fluoride on Two Chemical Models of Enamel Demineralization. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10111245. [PMID: 29077034 PMCID: PMC5706192 DOI: 10.3390/ma10111245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of fluoride on subsurface enamel demineralization induced by two commonly used chemical models. Forty-eight enamel blocks were demineralized at pH = 5.0 by an acetate buffer (Group 1), a lactate buffer (Group 2), an acetate buffer with 0.02 ppm fluoride (Group 3) and a lactate buffer with 0.02 ppm fluoride (Group 4) at 25 °C for 3 weeks. The surface destruction percentage (SDP), mineral loss and lesion depth of the blocks were studied using micro-computed tomography. An elemental analysis of the enamel surface was evaluated using an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Surface micro-hardness was determined by the Knoop Hardness Test. The mean lesion depth of Groups 1 through 4 were 134.1 ± 27.2 μm, 96.1 ± 16.5 μm, 97.5 ± 22.4 μm and 91.1 ± 16.2 μm, respectively (p < 0.001; group 1 > 2, 3 > 4). The SDPs of groups 1 through 4 were 7.8 ± 8.93%, 0.71 ± 1.6%, 0.36 ± 1.70% and 1.36 ± 2.94% (p < 0.001; group 1 > 2, 3, 4). The fluoride in mean weight percentages of groups 1 through 4 were 1.12 ± 0.24%, 1.10 ± 0.20%, 1.45 ± 0.40% and 1.51 ± 0.51%, respectively (p < 0.001; group 3, 4 > 1, 2). The mean Knoop hardness values of groups 1 through 4 were 27.5 ± 13.3, 39.7 ± 19.3, 73.6 ± 44.2 and 91.0 ± 57.2, respectively (p < 0.001; group 4 > 3 > 2 > 1). The chemical model using an acetate buffer solution created significantly deeper zones of subsurface demineralization on enamel than the lactate buffer solution. An acetate buffer may damage the enamel surface, but the surface damage can be prevented by adding fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ollie Yiru Yu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - May Lei Mei
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | | | - Chun-Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Milgrom P, Horst JA, Ludwig S, Rothen M, Chaffee BW, Lyalina S, Pollard KS, DeRisi JL, Mancl L. Topical silver diamine fluoride for dental caries arrest in preschool children: A randomized controlled trial and microbiological analysis of caries associated microbes and resistance gene expression. J Dent 2017; 68:72-78. [PMID: 28866468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Stopping Cavities Trial investigated effectiveness and safety of 38% silver diamine fluoride in arresting caries lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled superiority trial with 2 parallel groups. The sites were Oregon preschools. Sixty-six preschool children with ≥1 lesion were enrolled. Silver diamine fluoride (38%) or placebo (blue-tinted water), applied topically to the lesion. The primary endpoint was caries arrest (lesion inactivity, Nyvad criteria) 14-21days post intervention. Dental plaque was collected from all children, and microbial composition was assessed by RNA sequencing from 2 lesions and 1 unaffected surface before treatment and at follow-up for 3 children from each group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Average proportion of arrested caries lesions in the silver diamine fluoride group was higher (0.72; 95% CI; 0.55, 0.84) than in the placebo group (0.05; 95% CI; 0.00, 0.16). Confirmatory analysis using generalized estimating equation log-linear regression, based on the number of arrested lesions and accounting for the number of treated surfaces and length of follow-up, indicates the risk of arrested caries was significantly higher in the treatment group (relative risk, 17.3; 95% CI: 4.3 to 69.4). No harms were observed. RNA sequencing analysis identified no consistent changes in relative abundance of caries-associated microbes, nor emergence of antibiotic or metal resistance gene expression. Topical 38% silver diamine fluoride is effective and safe in arresting cavities in preschool children. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The treatment is applicable to primary care practice and may reduce the burden of untreated tooth decay in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Milgrom
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Box 357475, Seattle, WA 98195-7475 USA.
| | - Jeremy A Horst
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California San Francisco,1700 4th Street, QB3 Room 404, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Sharity Ludwig
- Advantage Dental Services, 442 SW Umatilla, Suite 200, Redmond, OR 97756 USA
| | - Marilynn Rothen
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Box 357475, Seattle, WA 98195-7475 USA; Institute of Translational Health Sciences, Regional Clinical Dental Research Center, Box 357475, Seattle, WA 98195-7475 USA
| | - Benjamin W Chaffee
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143 USA
| | - Svetlana Lyalina
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco,550 16th Street, 2nd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Katherine S Pollard
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco,550 16th Street, 2nd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA; Gladstone Institutes,1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Joseph L DeRisi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California San Francisco,1700 4th Street, QB3 Room 404, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA; Chan-Zuckerberg BioHub, 499 Illinois St, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Lloyd Mancl
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Box 357475, Seattle, WA 98195-7475 USA
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Hendre AD, Taylor GW, Chávez EM, Hyde S. A systematic review of silver diamine fluoride: Effectiveness and application in older adults. Gerodontology 2017; 34:411-419. [PMID: 28812312 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review examines the effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in the management of caries in older adults. BACKGROUND Silver diamine fluoride has been extensively researched and proven effective for caries prevention and arrest in children. Limited studies support its effectiveness in adult and older adult populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Multiple databases were searched according to specified inclusion-exclusion criteria. Quality assessment used modified Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine worksheets. RESULTS Three randomised controlled trials were identified that addressed the effectiveness of SDF on root caries in older adults, but none addressed coronal caries. Root caries prevented fraction and arrest rate for SDF were significantly higher than placebo. The prevented fraction for caries prevention for SDF compared to placebo was 71% in a 3-year study and 25% in a 2-year study. The prevented fraction for caries arrest for SDF was 725% greater in a 24-month study and 100% greater than placebo in a 30-month study. No severe adverse effects were observed. CONCLUSION This systematic review evaluates the use of SDF for both root caries prevention and arrest in older adults. Existing reports of SDF trials support effectiveness in root caries prevention and arrest, remineralization of deep occlusal lesions and treatment of hypersensitive dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amruta D Hendre
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - George W Taylor
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elisa M Chávez
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susan Hyde
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Zhao IS, Mei ML, Li QL, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Arresting simulated dentine caries with adjunctive application of silver nitrate solution and sodium fluoride varnish: an in vitro study. Int Dent J 2017; 67:206-214. [PMID: 28332192 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the ability of silver nitrate solution, followed by sodium fluoride varnish, to arrest caries. METHODS Dentine slices were prepared and demineralised. Each slice was cut into three specimens for three groups (SF, SDF and W). Specimens of the SF group received topical application of 25% silver nitrate solution followed by 5% sodium fluoride varnish. The SDF group received topical application of 38% silver diamine fluoride solution (positive control). Specimens of the W group received deionised water (negative control). All specimens were subjected to pH cycling for 8 days. Dentine surface morphology, crystal characteristics, carious lesion depth and collagen matrix degradation were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray microtomography and spectrophotometry with a hydroxyproline assay. RESULTS Scanning electron microscopy showed that dentine collagen was exposed in group W, but not in groups SF and SDF, while clusters of granular spherical grains were formed in groups SF and SDF. The mean lesion depths (±standard deviation) of groups SF, SDF and W were 128 ± 19, 135 ± 24 and 258 ± 53 μm, respectively (SF, SDF < W; P < 0.001). The X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that silver chloride was formed in groups SF and SDF. The concentration of hydroxyproline released from the dentine matrix was significantly lower in groups SF and SDF than in group W (P < 0.05). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The results of this in vitro study indicate that the use of silver nitrate solution and sodium fluoride varnish is effective in inhibiting dentine demineralisation and dentine collagen degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - May Lei Mei
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Quan-Li Li
- College of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | | | - Chun-Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Zhao IS, Mei ML, Burrow MF, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride and Potassium Iodide Treatment on Secondary Caries Prevention and Tooth Discolouration in Cervical Glass Ionomer Cement Restoration. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E340. [PMID: 28178188 PMCID: PMC5343875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and potassium iodide (KI) treatment on secondary caries prevention and tooth discolouration in glass ionomer cement (GIC) restoration. Cervical GIC restorations were done on 30 premolars with: Group 1, SDF + KI; Group 2, SDF (positive control); Group 3, no treatment (negative control). After cariogenic biofilm challenge, the demineralisation of dentine adjacent to the restoration was evaluated using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The colour of dentine adjacent to the restoration was assessed using CIELAB system at different time points. Total colour change (∆E) was calculated and was visible if ∆E > 3.7. Micro-CT showed the outer lesion depths for Groups 1, 2 and 3 were 91 ± 7 µm, 80 ± 7 µm and 119 ± 8 µm, respectively (p < 0.001; Group 2 < Group 1 < Group 3). FTIR found that there was a significant difference in amide I-to-hydrogen phosphate ratio among the three groups (p < 0.001; Group 2 < Group 1 < Group 3). ∆E of Groups 1, 2 and 3 after biofilm challenge were 22.5 ± 4.9, 70.2 ± 8.3 and 2.9 ± 0.9, respectively (p < 0.001; Group 3 < Group 1 < Group 2). SDF + KI treatment reduced secondary caries formation on GIC restoration, but it was not as effective as SDF treatment alone. Moreover, a perceptible staining on the restoration margin was observed, but the intensity of discolouration was less than that with solely SDF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Shuping Zhao
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - May Lei Mei
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Michael F Burrow
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
| | - Edward Chin-Man Lo
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Chun-Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
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32
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Mei ML, Zhao IS, Ito L, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Prevention of secondary caries by silver diamine fluoride. Int Dent J 2016; 66:71-7. [DOI: 10.1111/idj.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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THANATVARAKORN O, ISLAM MDS, NAKASHIMA S, SADR A, NIKAIDO T, TAGAMI J. Effects of zinc fluoride on inhibiting dentin demineralization and collagen degradation in vitro: A comparison of various topical fluoride agents. Dent Mater J 2016; 35:769-775. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2015-388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ornnicha THANATVARAKORN
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - MD. Sofiqul ISLAM
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Syozi NAKASHIMA
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Alireza SADR
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington School of Dentistry
| | - Toru NIKAIDO
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Junji TAGAMI
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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34
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Mei ML, Ito L, Cao Y, Lo EC, Li Q, Chu C. An ex vivo study of arrested primary teeth caries with silver diamine fluoride therapy. J Dent 2014; 42:395-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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35
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Mei ML, Ito L, Zhang CF, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Effect of laser irradiation on the fluoride uptake of silver diamine fluoride treated dentine. Lasers Med Sci 2014; 30:985-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-014-1521-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mei ML, Ito L, Cao Y, Li QL, Chu CH, Lo ECM. The inhibitory effects of silver diamine fluorides on cysteine cathepsins. J Dent 2013; 42:329-35. [PMID: 24316241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The expression of cysteine cathepsins in human carious dentine suggests that this enzyme contributes to the collagen degradation in caries progress. This study investigated whether silver diamine fluoride (SDF) inhibited the activity of cysteine cathepsins. METHODS Three commercial SDF solutions with concentrations at 38%, 30% and 12% were studied. Two fluoride solutions with the same fluoride ion (F(-)) concentrations as the 38% and 12% SDF solutions, and 2 silver solutions with the same silver ion (Ag(+)) concentrations as the 38% and 12% SDF solutions were prepared. Five samples of each experimental solution were used to study their inhibitory effect on two cathepsins (B and K) using cathepsin assay kits. Positive control contained assay buffer and cathepsins dilution was used to calculate the percentage inhibition (difference between the mean readings of the test solution and control solution divided by that of the control group). RESULTS The percentage inhibition of 38%, 30% and 12% SDF on cathepsin B were 92.0%, 91.5% and 90.3%, respectively (p<0.001); on cathepsin K were 80.6%, 78.5% and 77.9%, respectively (p<0.001). Ag(+) exhibited the inhibitory effect against both cathepsin B and K with or without the presence of F(-) (p<0.01). The solutions containing Ag(+) have significantly higher inhibitory effect than the solutions containing F(-) only (p<0.01). CONCLUSION According to this study, SDF solution at all 3 tested concentrations significantly inhibited the activity of cathepsin B and K.
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Affiliation(s)
- May L Mei
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - L Ito
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Y Cao
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; College of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Q L Li
- College of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - C H Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Edward C M Lo
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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Inhibitory effect of silver diamine fluoride on dentine demineralisation and collagen degradation. J Dent 2013; 41:809-17. [PMID: 23810851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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