1
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Rull V. Taxon Cycles in Neotropical Mangroves. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:244. [PMID: 36678956 PMCID: PMC9864432 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The concept of the taxon cycle involves successive range expansions and contractions over time, through which a species can indefinitely maintain its core distribution. Otherwise, it becomes extinct. Taxon cycles have been defined mostly for tropical island faunas; examples from continental areas are scarce, and similar case studies for plants remain unknown. Most taxon cycles have been identified on the basis of phylogeographic studies, and straightforward empirical evidence from fossils is lacking. Here, empirical fossil evidence is provided for the recurrent Eocene to the present expansion/contraction cycles in a mangrove taxon (Pelliciera) after a Neotropical-wide study of the available pollen records. This recurrent behavior is compatible with the concept of the taxon cycle from biogeographical, chronological and ecological perspectives. The biotic and abiotic drivers potentially involved in the initiation and maintenance of the Pelliciera expansion/contraction cycles are analyzed, and the ecological and evolutionary implications are discussed. Whether this could be a trend toward extinction is considered under the predictions of the taxon cycle theory. The recurrent expansion and contraction cycles identified for Pelliciera have strong potential for being the first empirically and unequivocally documented taxon cycles and likely the only taxon cycles documented to date for plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentí Rull
- Botanic Institute of Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Pg. del Migdia s/n, 08038 Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Brunner O, Chen C, Giguère T, Kawagucci S, Tunnicliffe V, Watanabe HK, Mitarai S. Species assemblage networks identify regional connectivity pathways among hydrothermal vents in the Northwest Pacific. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9612. [PMID: 36568865 PMCID: PMC9771708 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution of species among spatially isolated habitat patches supports regional biodiversity and stability, so understanding the underlying processes and structure is a key target of conservation. Although multivariate statistics can infer the connectivity processes driving species distribution, such as dispersal and habitat suitability, they rarely explore the structure. Methods from graph theory, applied to distribution data, give insights into both connectivity pathways and processes by intuitively formatting the data as a network of habitat patches. We apply these methods to empirical data from the hydrothermal vent habitats of the Northwest Pacific. Hydrothermal vents are "oases" of biological productivity and endemicity on the seafloor that are imminently threatened by anthropogenic disturbances with unknown consequences to biodiversity. Here, we describe the structure of species assemblage networks at hydrothermal vents, how local and regional parameters affect their structure, and the implications for conservation. Two complementary networks were formed from an extensive species assemblage dataset: a similarity network of vent site nodes linked by weighted edges based on their pairwise assemblage similarity and a bipartite network of species nodes linked to vent site nodes at which they are present. Using these networks, we assessed the role of individual vent sites in maintaining network connectivity and identified biogeographic sub-regions. The three sub-regions and two outlying sites are separated by their spatial arrangement and local environmental filters. Both networks detected vent sites that play a disproportionately important role in regional pathways, while the bipartite network also identified key vent sites maintaining the distinct species assemblages of their sub-regions. These regional connectivity pathways provide insights into historical colonization routes, while sub-regional connectivity pathways are of value when selecting sites for conservation and/or estimating the multivent impacts from proposed deep-sea mining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otis Brunner
- Okinawa Institute of Science and TechnologyOkinawaJapan
| | - Chong Chen
- X‐STAR, Japan Agency for Marine‐Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)YokosukaJapan
| | - Thomas Giguère
- School of Earth & Ocean SciencesUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Shinsuke Kawagucci
- X‐STAR, Japan Agency for Marine‐Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)YokosukaJapan,Project Team for Developing Innovative Technologies for Exploration of Deep‐Sea ResourcesJapan Agency for Marine‐Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)YokosukaJapan
| | - Verena Tunnicliffe
- School of Earth & Ocean SciencesUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada,Department of BiologyUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
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3
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Klunk CL, Argenta MA, Casadei-Ferreira A, Economo EP, Pie MR. Mandibular morphology, task specialization and bite mechanics in Pheidole ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20210318. [PMID: 34102082 PMCID: PMC8187013 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ants show remarkable ecological and evolutionary success due to their social life history and division of labour among colony members. In some lineages, the worker force became subdivided into morphologically distinct individuals (i.e. minor versus major workers), allowing for the differential performance of particular roles in the colony. However, the functional and ecological significance of these morphological differences are not well understood. Here, we applied finite element analysis (FEA) to explore the biomechanical differences between major and minor ant worker mandibles. Analyses were carried out on mandibles of two Pheidole species, a dimorphic ant genus. We tested whether major mandibles evolved to minimize stress when compared to minors using combinations of the apical tooth and masticatory margin bites under strike and pressure conditions. Majors performed better in pressure conditions yet, contrary to our expectations, minors performed better in strike bite scenarios. Moreover, we demonstrated that even small morphological differences in ant mandibles might lead to substantial differences in biomechanical responses to bite loading. These results also underscore the potential of FEA to uncover biomechanical consequences of morphological differences within and between ant workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian L. Klunk
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba-PR, Brazil
| | - Marco A. Argenta
- Department of Civil Construction, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba-PR, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Casadei-Ferreira
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Japan
| | - Evan P. Economo
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Japan
| | - Marcio R. Pie
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba-PR, Brazil
- Department of Zoology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba-PR, Brazil
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4
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Reis S, Melo M, Covas R, Doutrelant C, Pereira H, Lima RD, Loiseau C. Influence of land use and host species on parasite richness, prevalence and co-infection patterns. Int J Parasitol 2020; 51:83-94. [PMID: 33045239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests are experiencing increasing impacts from a multitude of anthropogenic activities such as logging and conversion to agricultural use. These perturbations are expected to have strong impacts on ecological interactions and on the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases. To date, no clear picture of the effects of deforestation on vector-borne disease transmission has emerged. This is associated with the challenge of studying complex systems where many vertebrate hosts and vectors co-exist. To overcome this problem, we focused on an innately simplified system - a small oceanic island (São Tomé, Gulf of Guinea). We analyzed the impacts of human land-use on host-parasite interactions by sampling the bird community (1735 samples from 30 species) in natural and anthropogenic land use at different elevations, and screened individuals for haemosporidian parasites from three genera (Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon). Overall, Plasmodium had the highest richness but the lowest prevalence, while Leucocytozoon diversity was the lowest despite having the highest prevalence. Interestingly, co-infections (i.e. intra-host diversity) involved primarily Leucocytozoon lineages (95%). We also found marked differences between bird species and habitats. Some bird species showed low prevalence but harbored high diversity of parasites, while others showed high prevalence but were infected with fewer lineages. These infection dynamics are most likely driven by host specificity of parasites and intrinsic characteristics of hosts. In addition, Plasmodium was more abundant in disturbed habitats and at lower elevations, while Leucocytozoon was more prevalent in forest areas and at higher elevations. These results likely reflect the ecological requirements of their vectors: mosquitoes and black flies, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Reis
- CIBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO Associate Laboratory, Vairão, Portugal
| | - M Melo
- CIBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO Associate Laboratory, Vairão, Portugal; Natural History and Science Museum, University of Porto, Portugal; Fitzpatrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R Covas
- CIBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO Associate Laboratory, Vairão, Portugal; Fitzpatrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C Doutrelant
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - H Pereira
- CIBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO Associate Laboratory, Vairão, Portugal
| | - R de Lima
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C Loiseau
- CIBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO Associate Laboratory, Vairão, Portugal; CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
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5
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Friedman NR, Lecroq Bennet B, Fischer G, Sarnat EM, Huang J, Knowles LLK, Economo EP. Macroevolutionary integration of phenotypes within and across ant worker castes. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:9371-9383. [PMID: 32953067 PMCID: PMC7487254 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic traits are often integrated into evolutionary modules: sets of organismal parts that evolve together. In social insect colonies, the concepts of integration and modularity apply to sets of traits both within and among functionally and phenotypically differentiated castes. On macroevolutionary timescales, patterns of integration and modularity within and across castes can be clues to the selective and ecological factors shaping their evolution and diversification. We develop a set of hypotheses describing contrasting patterns of worker integration and apply this framework in a broad (246 species) comparative analysis of major and minor worker evolution in the hyperdiverse ant genus Pheidole. Using geometric morphometrics in a phylogenetic framework, we inferred fast and tightly integrated evolution of mesosoma shape between major and minor workers, but slower and more independent evolution of head shape between the two worker castes. Thus, Pheidole workers are evolving as a mixture of intracaste and intercaste integration and rate heterogeneity. The decoupling of homologous traits across worker castes may represent an important process facilitating the rise of social complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R. Friedman
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate UniversityOkinawaJapan
| | - Beatrice Lecroq Bennet
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate UniversityOkinawaJapan
| | - Georg Fischer
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate UniversityOkinawaJapan
| | - Eli M. Sarnat
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate UniversityOkinawaJapan
| | - Jen‐Pan Huang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of ZoologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
- Biodiversity Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - L. Lacey Knowles Knowles
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of ZoologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Evan P. Economo
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate UniversityOkinawaJapan
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6
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Liu C, Sarnat EM, Friedman NR, Hita Garcia F, Darwell C, Booher D, Kubota Y, Mikheyev AS, Economo EP. Colonize, radiate, decline: Unraveling the dynamics of island community assembly with Fijian trap-jaw ants. Evolution 2020; 74:1082-1097. [PMID: 32342495 PMCID: PMC7384189 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The study of island community assembly has been fertile ground for developing and testing theoretical ideas in ecology and evolution. The ecoevolutionary trajectory of lineages after colonization has been a particular interest, as this is a key component of understanding community assembly. In this system, existing ideas, such as the taxon cycle, posit that lineages pass through a regular sequence of ecoevolutionary changes after colonization, with lineages shifting toward reduced dispersal ability, increased ecological specialization, and declines in abundance. However, these predictions have historically been difficult to test. Here, we integrate phylogenomics, population genomics, and X-ray microtomography/3D morphometrics, to test hypotheses for whether the ecomorphological diversity of trap-jaw ants (Strumigenys) in the Fijian archipelago is assembled primarily through colonization or postcolonization radiation, and whether species show ecological shifts toward niche specialization, toward upland habitats, and decline in abundance after colonization. We infer that most Fijian endemic Strumigenys evolved in situ from a single colonization and have diversified to fill a large fraction of global morphospace occupied by the genus. Within this adaptive radiation, lineages trend to different degrees toward high elevation, reduced dispersal ability, and demographic decline, and we find no evidence of repeated colonization that displaces the initial radiation. Overall these results are only partially consistent with taxon cycle and associated ideas, while highlighting the potential role of priority effects in assembling island communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, OnnaOkinawa904‐0495Japan
| | - Eli M. Sarnat
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, OnnaOkinawa904‐0495Japan
- Antwork Consulting LLCDavisCalifornia95616
| | - Nicholas R. Friedman
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, OnnaOkinawa904‐0495Japan
| | - Francisco Hita Garcia
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, OnnaOkinawa904‐0495Japan
| | - Clive Darwell
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, OnnaOkinawa904‐0495Japan
| | - Douglas Booher
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, OnnaOkinawa904‐0495Japan
- Field Museum of Natural HistoryChicagoIllinois60605
- Department of entomologyUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaIllinois61801
- Georgia Museum of Natural HistoryAthensGeorgia30602
| | - Yasuhiro Kubota
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of the RyukyusNishiharaOkinawaJapan
| | - Alexander S. Mikheyev
- Ecology and Evolution UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, OnnaOkinawa904‐0495Japan
- Evolutionary Genomics Research GroupAustralian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
| | - Evan P. Economo
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, OnnaOkinawa904‐0495Japan
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7
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Darwell CT, Fischer G, Sarnat EM, Friedman NR, Liu C, Baiao G, Mikheyev AS, Economo EP. Genomic and phenomic analysis of island ant community assembly. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:1611-1627. [PMID: 31820838 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Island biodiversity has long fascinated biologists as it typically presents tractable systems for unpicking the eco-evolutionary processes driving community assembly. In general, two recurring themes are of central theoretical interest. First, immigration, diversification, and extinction typically depend on island geographical properties (e.g., area, isolation, and age). Second, predictable ecological and evolutionary trajectories readily occur after colonization, such as the evolution of adaptive trait syndromes, trends toward specialization, adaptive radiation, and eventual ecological decline. Hypotheses such as the taxon cycle draw on several of these themes to posit particular constraints on colonization and subsequent eco-evolutionary dynamics. However, it has been challenging to examine these integrated dynamics with traditional methods. Here, we combine phylogenomics, population genomics and phenomics, to unravel community assembly dynamics among Pheidole (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) ants in the isolated Fijian archipelago. We uphold basic island biogeographic predictions that isolated islands accumulate diversity primarily through in situ evolution rather than dispersal, and population genomic support for taxon cycle predictions that endemic species have decreased dispersal ability and demography relative to regionally widespread taxa. However, rather than trending toward island syndromes, ecomorphological diversification in Fiji was intense, filling much of the genus-level global morphospace. Furthermore, while most endemic species exhibit demographic decline and reduced dispersal, we show that the archipelago is not an evolutionary dead-end. Rather, several endemic species show signatures of population and range expansion, including a successful colonization to the Cook islands. These results shed light on the processes shaping island biotas and refine our understanding of island biogeographic theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clive T Darwell
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Georg Fischer
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Eli M Sarnat
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Nicholas R Friedman
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Cong Liu
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Guilherme Baiao
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Alexander S Mikheyev
- Ecology and Evolution Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan.,Research School of Biology, Evolutionary Genomics Research Group, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Evan P Economo
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
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8
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Cozzarolo CS, Balke M, Buerki S, Arrigo N, Pitteloud C, Gueuning M, Salamin N, Sartori M, Alvarez N. Biogeography and Ecological Diversification of a Mayfly Clade in New Guinea. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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9
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Calatayud J, Rodríguez MÁ, Molina-Venegas R, Leo M, Horreo JL, Hortal J. Pleistocene climate change and the formation of regional species pools. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20190291. [PMID: 31213189 PMCID: PMC6599989 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the description of bioregions dates back to the origin of biogeography, the processes originating their associated species pools have been seldom studied. Ancient historical events are thought to play a fundamental role in configuring bioregions, but the effects of more recent events on these regional biotas are largely unknown. We used a network approach to identify regional and sub-regional faunas of European Carabus beetles and developed a method to explore the relative contribution of dispersal barriers, niche similarities and phylogenetic history on their configuration. We identify a transition zone matching the limit of the ice sheets at the Last Glacial Maximum. While southern species pools are mostly separated by dispersal barriers, in the north species are mainly sorted by their environmental niches. Strikingly, most phylogenetic structuration of Carabus faunas occurred during the Pleistocene. Our results show how extreme recent historical events-such as Pleistocene climate cooling, rather than just deep-time evolutionary processes-can profoundly modify the composition and structure of geographical species pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Calatayud
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, Edificio de Ciencias, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km. 33,6, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Integrated Science Lab, Department of Physics, Umeå University, Naturvetarhuset, byggnad G, NA plan 3, IceLab Umeå universitet, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Miguel Ángel Rodríguez
- GLOCEE—Global Change Ecology and Evolution Group, Department of Life Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid 28805, Spain
| | - Rafael Molina-Venegas
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, Bern 3013, Switzerland
| | - María Leo
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid (CSIC), 28014 Madrid, España
| | - Jose Luis Horreo
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Hortal
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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10
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Dong J, Kergoat GJ, Vicente N, Rahmadi C, Xu S, Robillard T. Biogeographic patterns and diversification dynamics of the genus Cardiodactylus Saussure (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Eneopterinae) in Southeast Asia. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 129:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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11
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Valle D, Albuquerque P, Zhao Q, Barberan A, Fletcher RJ. Extending the Latent Dirichlet Allocation model to presence/absence data: A case study on North American breeding birds and biogeographical shifts expected from climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:5560-5572. [PMID: 30058746 PMCID: PMC7165608 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how species composition varies across space and time is fundamental to ecology. While multiple methods having been created to characterize this variation through the identification of groups of species that tend to co-occur, most of these methods unfortunately are not able to represent gradual variation in species composition. The Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model is a mixed-membership method that can represent gradual changes in community structure by delineating overlapping groups of species, but its use has been limited because it requires abundance data and requires users to a priori set the number of groups. We substantially extend LDA to accommodate widely available presence/absence data and to simultaneously determine the optimal number of groups. Using simulated data, we show that this model is able to accurately determine the true number of groups, estimate the underlying parameters, and fit with the data. We illustrate this method with data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS). Overall, our model identified 18 main bird groups, revealing striking spatial patterns for each group, many of which were closely associated with temperature and precipitation gradients. Furthermore, by comparing the estimated proportion of each group for two time periods (1997-2002 and 2010-2015), our results indicate that nine (of 18) breeding bird groups exhibited an expansion northward and contraction southward of their ranges, revealing subtle but important community-level biodiversity changes at a continental scale that are consistent with those expected under climate change. Our proposed method is likely to find multiple uses in ecology, being a valuable addition to the toolkit of ecologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Valle
- School of Forest Resources and ConservationUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
| | - Pedro Albuquerque
- School of Forest Resources and ConservationUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
- Administration DepartmentUniversity of BrasiliaBrasiliaBrazil
| | - Qing Zhao
- School of Forest Resources and ConservationUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
| | - Albert Barberan
- Department of Soil, Water and Environmental ScienceUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizona
| | - Robert J. Fletcher
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and ConservationUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
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12
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Matos-Maraví P, Matzke NJ, Larabee FJ, Clouse RM, Wheeler WC, Sorger DM, Suarez AV, Janda M. Taxon cycle predictions supported by model-based inference in Indo-Pacific trap-jaw ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Odontomachus). Mol Ecol 2018; 27:4090-4107. [PMID: 30106242 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nonequilibrium dynamics and non-neutral processes, such as trait-dependent dispersal, are often missing from quantitative island biogeography models despite their potential explanatory value. One of the most influential nonequilibrium models is the taxon cycle, but it has been difficult to test its validity as a general biogeographical framework. Here, we test predictions of the taxon cycle model using six expected phylogenetic patterns and a time-calibrated phylogeny of Indo-Pacific Odontomachus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae), one of the ant genera that E.O. Wilson used when first proposing the hypothesis. We used model-based inference and a newly developed trait-dependent dispersal model to jointly estimate ancestral biogeography, ecology (habitat preferences for forest interiors, vs. "marginal" habitats, such as savannahs, shorelines, disturbed areas) and the linkage between ecology and dispersal rates. We found strong evidence that habitat shifts from forest interior to open and disturbed habitats increased macroevolutionary dispersal rate. In addition, lineages occupying open and disturbed habitats can give rise to both island endemics re-occupying only forest interiors and taxa that re-expand geographical ranges. The phylogenetic predictions outlined in this study can be used in future work to evaluate the relative weights of neutral (e.g., geographical distance and area) and non-neutral (e.g., trait-dependent dispersal) processes in historical biogeography and community ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pável Matos-Maraví
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre CAS, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.,Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J Matzke
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Fredrick J Larabee
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Entomology and Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Ronald M Clouse
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York City, New York
| | - Ward C Wheeler
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York City, New York
| | - Daniela Magdalena Sorger
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.,W.M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.,Research & Collections, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Andrew V Suarez
- Department of Entomology and Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Milan Janda
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre CAS, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, ENES, UNAM, Morelia, Mexico
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Matos-Maraví P, Clouse RM, Sarnat EM, Economo EP, LaPolla JS, Borovanska M, Rabeling C, Czekanski-Moir J, Latumahina F, Wilson EO, Janda M. An ant genus-group (Prenolepis) illuminates the biogeography and drivers of insect diversification in the Indo-Pacific. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 123:16-25. [PMID: 29448063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Malay Archipelago and the tropical South Pacific (hereafter the Indo-Pacific region) are considered biodiversity hotspots, yet a general understanding of the origins and diversification of species-rich groups in the region remains elusive. We aimed to test hypotheses for the evolutionary processes driving insect species diversity in the Indo-Pacific using a higher-level and comprehensive phylogenetic hypothesis for an ant clade consisting of seven genera. We estimated divergence times and reconstructed the biogeographical history of ant species in the Prenolepis genus-group (Formicidae: Formicinae: Lasiini). We used a fossil-calibrated phylogeny to infer ancestral geographical ranges utilizing a biogeographic model that includes founder-event speciation. Ancestral state reconstructions of the ants' ecological preferences, and diversification rates were estimated for selected Indo-Pacific clades. Overall, we report that faunal interchange between Asia and Australia has occurred since at least 20-25 Ma, and early dispersal to the Fijian Basin happened during the early and mid-Miocene (ca. 10-20 Ma). Differences in diversification rates across Indo-Pacific clades may be related to ecological preference breadth, which in turn may have facilitated geographical range expansions. Ancient dispersal routes suggested by our results agree with the palaeogeography of the region. For this particular group of ants, the rapid orogenesis in New Guinea and possibly subsequent ecological shifts may have promoted their rapid diversification and widespread distribution across the Indo-Pacific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pável Matos-Maraví
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden; The Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Ronald M Clouse
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Eli M Sarnat
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, IL, USA
| | - Evan P Economo
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
| | - John S LaPolla
- Deparment of Biological Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA
| | - Michaela Borovanska
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Christian Rabeling
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jesse Czekanski-Moir
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, 1 Forestry Drive, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Fransina Latumahina
- Department of Forestry, Agriculture Faculty, Pattimura University, Ambon, Indonesia
| | - Edward O Wilson
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Milan Janda
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Cátedras CONACYT, Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, ENES, UNAM, Morelia, Mexico
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Whittaker RJ, Fernández-Palacios JM, Matthews TJ, Borregaard MK, Triantis KA. Island biogeography: Taking the long view of nature’s laboratories. Science 2017; 357:357/6354/eaam8326. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aam8326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Sarnat EM, Friedman NR, Fischer G, Lecroq-Bennet B, Economo EP. Rise of the spiny ants: diversification, ecology and function of extreme traits in the hyperdiverse genus Pheidole (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blx081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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16
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Blaimer BB, LaPolla JS, Branstetter MG, Lloyd MW, Brady SG. Phylogenomics, biogeography and diversification of obligate mealybug-tending ants in the genus Acropyga. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 102:20-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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17
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Inordinate Spinescence: Taxonomic Revision and Microtomography of the Pheidole cervicornis Species Group (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156709. [PMID: 27463644 PMCID: PMC4963106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The ant genus Pheidole—for all of its hyperdiversity and global ubiquity—is remarkably conservative with regard to morphological disparity. A striking exception to this constrained morphology is the spinescent morphotype, which has evolved multiple times across distantly related lineages of Indoaustralian Pheidole. The Pheidole cervicornis group contains perhaps the most extraordinary spinescent forms of all Pheidole. Here we present a taxonomic revision of the P. cervicornis group, and use microtomographic scanning technology to investigate the internal anatomy of the thoracic spines. Our findings suggest the pronotal spines of Pheidole majors, are possibly skeletomuscular adaptations for supporting their disproportionately large heads. The ‘head support hypothesis’ is an alternative to the mechanical defense hypothesis most often used to explain spinescence in ants. The P. cervicornis group is known only from New Guinea and is represented by the following four species, including two described here as new: P. barumtaun Donisthorpe, P. drogon sp. nov., P. cervicornis Emery, and P. viserion sp. nov. The group is most readily identified by the minor worker caste, which has extremely long pronotal spines and strongly bifurcating propodeal spines. The major and minor workers of all species are illustrated with specimen photographs, with the exception of the major worker of P. cervicornis, which is not known.
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Fischer G, Sarnat EM, Economo EP. Revision and Microtomography of the Pheidole knowlesi Group, an Endemic Ant Radiation in Fiji (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae)Myrmicinae). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158544. [PMID: 27462877 PMCID: PMC4963041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fijian islands, a remote archipelago in the southwestern Pacific, are home to a number of spectacular endemic radiations of plants and animals. Unlike most Pacific archipelagos, these evolutionary radiations extend to social insects, including ants. One of the most dramatic examples of ant radiation in Fiji has occurred in the hyperdiverse genus Pheidole. Most of the 17 native Fijian Pheidole belong to one of two species groups that descended from a single colonization, yet have evolved dramatically contrasting morphologies: the spinescent P. roosevelti species group, and the more morphologically conservative P. knowlesi species group. Here we revise the knowlesi group, in light of recent phylogenetic results, and enhanced with modern methods of X-ray microtomography. We recognize six species belonging to this group, including two of which we describe as new: Pheidole caldwelli Mann, Pheidole kava sp. n., Pheidole knowlesi Mann, P. ululevu sp. n., P. vatu Mann, and P. wilsoni Mann. Detailed measurements and descriptions, identification keys, and high-resolution images for queens, major and minor workers are provided. In addition, we include highly detailed 3D surface reconstructions for all available castes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Fischer
- Okinawa Institute of Science & Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan, 904-0495
- * E-mail: ;
| | - Eli M. Sarnat
- Okinawa Institute of Science & Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan, 904-0495
| | - Evan P. Economo
- Okinawa Institute of Science & Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan, 904-0495
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
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Visualizing and interacting with large-volume biodiversity data using client–server web-mapping applications: The design and implementation of antmaps.org. ECOL INFORM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sukumaran J, Economo EP, Lacey Knowles L. Machine Learning Biogeographic Processes from Biotic Patterns: A New Trait-Dependent Dispersal and Diversification Model with Model Choice By Simulation-Trained Discriminant Analysis. Syst Biol 2015; 65:525-45. [DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syv121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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21
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Phylogeography of the harvestman genus Metasiro (Arthropoda, Arachnida, Opiliones) reveals a potential solution to the Pangean paradox. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-015-0233-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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