1
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Moran KM, Delville Y. A hamster model for stress-induced weight gain. Horm Behav 2024; 160:105488. [PMID: 38306877 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
This review addresses the translational relevance of animal models of stress and their effects on body weight. In humans, stress, whether chronic or acute, has often been associated with increased food intake and weight gain. In view of the current obesity epidemic, this phenomenon is especially relevant. Such observations contrast with reports with commonly used laboratory animals, especially rats and mice. In these species, it is common to find individuals gaining less weight under stress, even with potent social stressors. However, there are laboratory species that present increased appetite and weight gain under stress, such as golden hamsters. Furthermore, these animals also include metabolic and behavioral similarities with humans, including hoarding behavior which is also enhanced under stress. Consequently, we propose that our comparative perspective provides useful insights for future research on the development of obesity in humans as a consequence of chronic stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Moran
- Psychology Department, The University of Texas at Austin, USA.
| | - Yvon Delville
- Psychology Department, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
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2
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Witaszek T, Babicki M, Brytek-Matera A, Mastalerz-Migas A, Kujawa K, Kłoda K. Maladaptive Eating Behaviours, Generalised Anxiety Disorder and Depression Severity: A Comparative Study between Adult Women with Overweight, Obesity, and Normal Body Mass Index Range. Nutrients 2023; 16:80. [PMID: 38201910 PMCID: PMC10780963 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Causes of obesity are multifactorial and include genetic predisposition as well as behavioural, psychological, social, and hormonal influences. We aimed to compare adult women with normal weight, overweight, and obesity, with a focus on maladaptive eating behaviours, the presence of generalised anxiety disorder, and the severity of depression. Additionally, we explored the context of anti-obesity pharmacotherapy and the status of bariatric surgery. (2) Methods: The sample was composed of 1105 adult women. The following measures, through the Computer-Assisted Web Interview (CAWI), were used in the present study: the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R18), the 7-item Generalised Anxiety Disorders Scale (GAD-7), and the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). (3) Results: All domains of the TFEQ-R18 had correlations with Body Mass Index (BMI). There was a weak negative association between BMI and Cognitive Restraint (r = -0.172, p < 0.001) and a weak positive relationship between BMI and Uncontrolled as well as Emotional Eating (r = 0.165, p < 0.001; r = 0.191, p < 0.001, respectively). Women who screened positive for anxiety scored lower in the Cognitive Restraint domain (10.11 ± 3.58, p = 0.042) and higher in the Uncontrolled Eating (12.69 ± 6.04, p < 0.001) and Emotional Eating (5.29 ± 2.75, p < 0.001) domains. Similarly, women screening positive for depression had lower scores in Cognitive Restraint (9.88 ± 3.61, p < 0.001) and higher scores in Uncontrolled Eating (12.64 ± 6.09, p < 0.001) and Emotional Eating (5.31 ± 2.71, p < 0.001). A significant association between liraglutide and semaglutide administration and Cognitive Restraint was observed. (4) Conclusions: Individualised treatment for obesity should consider the existing and confirmed association between maladaptive eating behaviours and generalised anxiety disorder, as well as the severity of depression influencing the BMI altogether. The use of anti-obesity pharmacotherapy needs further exploration because the evidence for the use of liraglutide and semaglutide in terms of positive associations with eating behaviours is encouraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Witaszek
- Hipokrates Przychodnia Lekarzy Rodzinnych i Specjalistów, ul. Powstańców WIelkopolskich 1a, 64-330 Opalenica, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Babicki
- Department of Family Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Anna Brytek-Matera
- Eating Behavior Laboratory (EAT Lab), Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, ul. J. Dawida 1, 50-527 Wrocław, Poland;
| | | | - Krzysztof Kujawa
- Statistical Analysis Centre, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Karolina Kłoda
- MEDFIT Karolina Kłoda, ul. Narutowicza 13E/11, 70-240 Szczecin, Poland;
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3
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Zandvakili I, Pulaski M, Pickett-Blakely O. A phenotypic approach to obesity treatment. Nutr Clin Pract 2023; 38:959-975. [PMID: 37277855 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.11013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease that increases morbidity and mortality and adversely affects quality of life. The rapid rise of obesity has outpaced the development and deployment of effective therapeutic interventions, thereby creating a global health crisis. The presentation, complications, and response to obesity treatments vary, yet lifestyle modification, which is the foundational therapeutic intervention for obesity, is often "one size fits all." The concept of personalized medicine uses genetic and phenotypic information as a guide for disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment and has been successfully applied in diseases such as cancer, but not in obesity. As we gain insight into the pathophysiologic mechanisms of obesity and its phenotypic expression, specific pathways can be targeted to yield a greater, more sustained therapeutic impact in an individual patient with obesity. A phenotype-based pharmacologic treatment approach utilizing objective measures to classify patients into predominant obesity mechanism groups resulted in greater weight loss (compared with a non-phenotype-based approach) in a recent study by Acosta and colleagues. In this review, we discuss the application of lifestyle modifications, behavior therapy and pharmacotherapy using the obesity phenotype-based approach as a framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inuk Zandvakili
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marya Pulaski
- Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Octavia Pickett-Blakely
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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4
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Pruccoli J, Mack I, Klos B, Schild S, Stengel A, Zipfel S, Giel KE, Schag K. Mental Health Variables Impact Weight Loss, Especially in Patients with Obesity and Binge Eating: A Mediation Model on the Role of Eating Disorder Pathology. Nutrients 2023; 15:3915. [PMID: 37764699 PMCID: PMC10537364 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various mental health and eating behavior variables have been independently associated with predicting weight loss in individuals with obesity. This study aims to investigate a mediation model that assesses the distinct contributions of these variables in predicting weight changes in patients with obesity following an outpatient behavioral weight loss intervention (BWLI). METHODS General mental health (depression, anxiety, stress, impulsivity), eating behavior (cognitive restraint, disinhibition, hunger), eating disorder pathology, and body mass index (BMI) were assessed in a group of 297 patients with obesity at the admission of a BWLI program. BMI was re-evaluated during the final treatment session. A mediation model was employed to examine whether mental health and eating behavior variables predicted BMI changes, with eating disorder pathology serving as a mediator. The model was tested both overall and within two patient subgroups: those with regular binge eating (≥four episodes/month) and those without. RESULTS In the overall sample (n = 238), the relationships between depression, impulsivity, and cognitive restraint with BMI change were mediated by eating disorder pathology. In the subgroup with regular binge eating (n = 99, 41.6%), the associations between stress and disinhibition with BMI change were additionally mediated by eating disorder pathology. In the subgroup without regular binge eating, eating disorder pathology showed no mediating effect. DISCUSSION Multiple mental health and eating behavior variables assessed at admission predicted BMI changes, particularly when mediated by eating disorder pathology in patients with regular binge eating. A comprehensive psychopathological assessment prior to starting BWLI may help identify multiple factors affecting prognosis and treatment outcomes. Long-term follow-up studies in this field are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Pruccoli
- Pediatric Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Regional Center for Feeding and Eating Disorders in the Developmental Age, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Isabelle Mack
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (B.K.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (S.Z.); (K.E.G.); (K.S.)
- Centre of Excellence for Eating Disorders Tübingen (KOMET), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bea Klos
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (B.K.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (S.Z.); (K.E.G.); (K.S.)
- Centre of Excellence for Eating Disorders Tübingen (KOMET), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Schild
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (B.K.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (S.Z.); (K.E.G.); (K.S.)
- Centre of Excellence for Eating Disorders Tübingen (KOMET), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Stengel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (B.K.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (S.Z.); (K.E.G.); (K.S.)
- Centre of Excellence for Eating Disorders Tübingen (KOMET), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität at Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (B.K.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (S.Z.); (K.E.G.); (K.S.)
- Centre of Excellence for Eating Disorders Tübingen (KOMET), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Elisabeth Giel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (B.K.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (S.Z.); (K.E.G.); (K.S.)
- Centre of Excellence for Eating Disorders Tübingen (KOMET), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schag
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (B.K.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (S.Z.); (K.E.G.); (K.S.)
- Centre of Excellence for Eating Disorders Tübingen (KOMET), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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5
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Finn EB, Whang C, Hong PH, Costa SA, Callahan EA, Huang TTK. Strategies to improve the implementation of intensive lifestyle interventions for obesity. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1202545. [PMID: 37559739 PMCID: PMC10407556 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1202545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Benjamin Finn
- Center for Systems and Community Design and NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christine Whang
- Center for Systems and Community Design and NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Peter Houlin Hong
- Center for Systems and Community Design and NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sergio A. Costa
- Center for Systems and Community Design and NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Terry T. -K. Huang
- Center for Systems and Community Design and NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
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6
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Jebeile H, Libesman S, Melville H, Low‐wah T, Dammery G, Seidler AL, Jones RA, McMaster CM, Paxton SJ, Hill AJ, Ahern AL, Garnett SP, Braet C, Wilfley DE, Baur LA, Lister NB. Eating disorder risk during behavioral weight management in adults with overweight or obesity: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13561. [PMID: 36919475 PMCID: PMC10909435 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review examined change in eating disorder risk during weight management interventions. Four databases and clinical trials registries were searched in March and May 2022, respectively, to identify behavioral weight management intervention trials in adults with overweight/obesity measuring eating disorder symptoms at pre- and post-intervention or follow-up. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted examining within group change in risk. Of 12,023 screened, 49 were eligible (n = 6337, mean age range 22.1 to 59.9 years, mean (SD) 81(20.4)% female). Interventions ranged from 4 weeks to 18 months, with follow-up of 10 weeks to 36 months post-intervention. There was a within group reduction in global eating disorder scores (20 intervention arms; Hedges' g = -0.27; 95% CI -0.36, -0.17; I2 67.1%) and binge eating (49 intervention arms; -0.66; 95% CI -0.76, -0.56; I2 82.7%) post-intervention, both maintained at follow-up. Of 14 studies reporting prevalence or episodes of binge eating, all reported a reduction. Four studies reported eating disorder symptoms, not present at baseline, in a subset of participants (0%-6.5%). Overall, behavioral weight management interventions do not increase eating disorder symptoms for most adults; indeed, a modest reduction is seen post-intervention and follow-up. A small subset of participants may experience disordered eating; therefore, monitoring for the emergence of symptoms is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Jebeile
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical SchoolThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Sol Libesman
- NHMRC Clinical Trials CentreThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Hannah Melville
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical SchoolThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Timothy Low‐wah
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical SchoolThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Genevieve Dammery
- InsideOut Institute for Eating DisordersThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Anna L. Seidler
- NHMRC Clinical Trials CentreThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Caitlin M. McMaster
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical SchoolThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Susan J. Paxton
- School of Psychology and Public HealthLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Andrew J. Hill
- Leeds Institute of Health SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Amy L. Ahern
- MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0QQUK
| | - Sarah P. Garnett
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical SchoolThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Kids ResearchThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Caroline Braet
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social PsychologyGhent UniversityHenri Dunantlaan 2Ghent9000Belgium
| | - Denise E. Wilfley
- School of Medicine, Washington University in St. LouisMissouriSt. LouisUSA
| | - Louise A. Baur
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical SchoolThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Natalie B. Lister
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical SchoolThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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7
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Enichen E, Harvey C, Demmig-Adams B. COVID-19 Spotlights Connections between Disease and Multiple Lifestyle Factors. Am J Lifestyle Med 2023; 17:231-257. [PMID: 36883129 PMCID: PMC9445631 DOI: 10.1177/15598276221123005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), and the disease it causes (COVID-19), have had a profound impact on global human society and threaten to continue to have such an impact with newly emerging variants. Because of the widespread effects of SARS-CoV-2, understanding how lifestyle choices impact the severity of disease is imperative. This review summarizes evidence for an involvement of chronic, non-resolving inflammation, gut microbiome disruption (dysbiosis with loss of beneficial microorganisms), and impaired viral defenses, all of which are associated with an imbalanced lifestyle, in severe disease manifestations and post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC). Humans' physiological propensity for uncontrolled inflammation and severe COVID-19 are briefly contrasted with bats' low propensity for inflammation and their resistance to viral disease. This insight is used to identify positive lifestyle factors with the potential to act in synergy for restoring balance to the immune response and gut microbiome, and thereby protect individuals against severe COVID-19 and PASC. It is proposed that clinicians should consider recommending lifestyle factors, such as stress management, balanced nutrition and physical activity, as preventative measures against severe viral disease and PASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Enichen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA (EE, CH, BDA)
| | - Caitlyn Harvey
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA (EE, CH, BDA)
| | - Barbara Demmig-Adams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA (EE, CH, BDA)
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8
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Christaki EV, Pervanidou P, Papassotiriou I, Bastaki D, Valavani E, Mantzou A, Giannakakis G, Boschiero D, Chrousos GP. Stress, Inflammation and Metabolic Biomarkers Are Associated with Body Composition Measures in Lean, Overweight, and Obese Children and Adolescents. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9020291. [PMID: 35205011 PMCID: PMC8870192 DOI: 10.3390/children9020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the associations between multiple indices of stress, inflammation and metabolism vs. body composition parameters in 121 (43 boys, 78 girls) children and adolescents, aged 5–15 y. Subjects were divided into two groups: normal weight (N) (N = 40, BMI z-score = −0.1923 ± 0.6), and overweight/obese (OB) (N = 81, BMI z-score = 2.1947 ± 1.4). All subjects completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC) and Children’s Depression Inventory, and underwent cortisol measurements in hair, diurnal series of saliva, and morning serum. Circulating concentrations of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and other inflammation biomarkers were also obtained. Body composition analysis was performed with a clinically validated, advanced bioimpedance apparatus (BIA), while heart rate variability (HRV) was measured as a stress biomarker by photoplethysmography (PPG). The OB group had a higher STAIC-state score, waist-to-hip ratio, skeletal muscle mass, and total and abdominal fat mass, and a lower percent fat-free mass (FFM) and bone density than the N group. HRV did not differ between the groups. In the entire population, percent fat mass correlated strongly with circulating hsCRP (r = 0.397, p = 0.001), ferritin, and other inflammatory biomarkers, as well as with indices of insulin resistance. A strong correlation between serum hsCRP and hair cortisol was also observed (r = 0.777, p < 0.001), suggesting interrelation of chronic stress and inflammation. Thus, body fat accumulation in children and adolescents was associated with an elevation in clinical and laboratory biomarkers of stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance. BIA-ACC and PPG can be utilized as a direct screening tool for assessing overweight- and obesity -related health risks in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini V. Christaki
- Childhood Obesity Clinic, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.P.); (A.M.); (G.P.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Panagiota Pervanidou
- Childhood Obesity Clinic, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.P.); (A.M.); (G.P.C.)
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.B.); (E.V.)
| | - Ioannis Papassotiriou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Despoina Bastaki
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.B.); (E.V.)
| | - Eleni Valavani
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.B.); (E.V.)
| | - Aimilia Mantzou
- Childhood Obesity Clinic, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.P.); (A.M.); (G.P.C.)
| | - Giorgos Giannakakis
- Computational Biomedicine Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
- Institute of AgriFood and Life Sciences, University Research Centre, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - George P. Chrousos
- Childhood Obesity Clinic, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.P.); (A.M.); (G.P.C.)
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.B.); (E.V.)
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, 11527 Athens, Greece
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9
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Buro AW, Baskin M, Miller D, Ward T, West DS, Gore LR, Gwede CK, Epel E, Carson TL. Rationale and study protocol for a randomized controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of a culturally relevant, stress management enhanced behavioral weight loss intervention on weight loss outcomes of black women. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:193. [PMID: 35090433 PMCID: PMC8795937 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12519-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a persistent public health concern and a risk factor for many chronic diseases including at least 13 different cancers. Adult Black females have the highest prevalence of obesity (57%) compared to other racial/gender groups in the U.S. Although behavioral weight loss (BWL) interventions have demonstrated effectiveness, Black females tend to lose less weight than White counterparts. The higher prevalence of chronic psychological stress reported by Black females may contribute to their disproportionate prevalence of obesity and observed suboptimal weight loss. This study will examine the effectiveness of a 12-month culturally-targeted, stress management-enhanced BWL intervention on weight loss and stress reduction among Black females in a fully-powered randomized, controlled trial. METHODS Adult Black females with obesity (n = 340) will be randomized to either a culturally targeted stress management-enhanced BWL intervention (BWL-Stress) or the same BWL intervention alone (BWL-alone). The primary outcome is weight change at month 6. Secondary outcomes will include changes in stress measures (e.g., perceived stress, cortisol), energy intake, and physical activity at month 6. We will also assess process measures (e.g., treatment adherence, treatment burden). Each outcome will also be evaluated at month 12 to assess longer-term effects of the intervention. DISCUSSION This novel approach for enhancing an evidence-based BWL program with culturally-targeted stress management strategies for Black females addresses an understudied barrier to effective weight management among a population at high risk for obesity and obesity-related chronic diseases. This study will potentially elucidate psychological or behavioral mechanisms linking our novel intervention to study outcomes. If the intervention is proven to be effective, this study will have significant clinical and public health implications for weight management among Black females. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov , identifier NCT04335799t , on April 6, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acadia W Buro
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, 4117 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL, 33617, USA
| | - Monica Baskin
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Darci Miller
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, 4117 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL, 33617, USA
| | - Tayler Ward
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, 4117 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL, 33617, USA
| | - Delia Smith West
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - L Robert Gore
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Clement K Gwede
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, 4117 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL, 33617, USA
| | - Elissa Epel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany L Carson
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, 4117 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL, 33617, USA.
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10
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The Dynamic Interplay of Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors for Cardiovascular Health. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2022; 24:969-980. [PMID: 36422788 PMCID: PMC9750923 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-022-01068-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The recent rise in cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths in the USA has sparked interest in identifying and implementing effective strategies to reverse this trend. Healthy lifestyle behaviors (i.e., healthy diet, regular physical activity, achieve and maintain a healthy weight, avoid tobacco exposure, good quality sleep, avoiding and managing stress) are the cornerstone for CVD prevention. RECENT FINDINGS Achieving all of these behaviors significantly benefits heart health; however, even small changes lower CVD risk. Moreover, there is interplay among healthy lifestyle behaviors where changing one may result in concomitant changes in another behavior. In contrast, the presence of one or more unhealthy lifestyle behaviors may attenuate changing another lifestyle behavior(s) (poor diet, inadequate physical activity, overweight/obesity, poor sleep quality, tobacco exposure, and poor stress management). It is important to assess all of these lifestyle behaviors with patients to plan an intervention program that is best positioned for adherence.
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Michou M, Panagiotakos DB, Lionis C, Costarelli V. Low health literacy and perceived stress in adults: is there a link? Cent Eur J Public Health 2021; 29:195-200. [PMID: 34623119 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a6692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mental stress, low health literacy (HL) and nutrition literacy (NL) are associated with serious negative health outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate HL and NL levels, in relation to levels of perceived stress, in adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in the urban area of the Attica region, Greece. The sample consisted of 1,281 individuals, aged ≥ 18 years. The European Health Literacy Questionnaire 47, the Greek version of the Nutrition Literacy Scale and the Perceived Stress Scale 14 were used. Socio-demographic characteristics were also assessed. Nonparametric Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests, Pearson chi-square and multiple linear regression models were used. RESULTS The sample's perceived stress mean value (SD) was 26.47 (7.27) with women scoring statistically significantly higher than men. The mean HL and NL scores were 32.28 (8.28) and 22.11 (5.67), respectively. Linear regression analysis has shown that perceived stress was significantly negatively associated with HL (p < 0.001) but not with NL levels (p = 0.675) after adjusting for a series of confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS Low health literacy seems to be very significantly associated with high levels of perceived stress. The reasons behind this association require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Michou
- Human Ecology Laboratory, Department of Home Economics and Ecology, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Lionis
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Costarelli
- Human Ecology Laboratory, Department of Home Economics and Ecology, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
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Sampaio CVS, Magnavita G, Ladeia AM. Effect of Healing Meditation on stress and eating behavior in overweight and obese women: A randomized clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2021; 45:101468. [PMID: 34352597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A randomized, parallel-controlled, blinded clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of Healing Meditation on stress and eating behavior of women undergoing standard weight-loss treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS An outpatient clinic in Brazil, 55 women with overweight and obesity were included and randomized: 27 for the Meditation Group, and 28 for the Control Group. Randomization was stratified by body mass index category and based on blocks of four. For eight weeks, in addition to the standard weight loss treatment, the Intervention Group underwent a Healing Meditation program, and the Control Group participated in a round table to observe compliance. Reduction in stress and changes in eating behavior were assessed at baseline, and in the 8th, and 16th week using the Perceived Stress Scale, the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, and Binge Eating Scale. RESULTS The sample mean age was 49 ± 11 years, 72.7% were obese, with a predominance of mixed (49.1%) and black (41.8%) ethnicity. After eight weeks, the Meditation Group showed a mean reduction in total stress of -17.4 (IC 95% -19.5 to -15.3 p < 0.001). In eating behavior, a mean reduction of -7.9 (p < 0.001) in external eating, of -11.4 (p < 0.0001) in emotional eating, and a rise of 9.6 (p < 0.0001) in restrained eating were found. Score levels remained stable between the 8th and 16th week. Binge eating had a mean variation of -22.2%(p = 0.011). CONCLUSION The addition of Healing Meditation to the standard weight-loss treatment may significantly reduce stress and produce positive changes in the eating behavior of overweight and obese women. TRIAL REGISTRATION RBR-7564FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Vieira Sanches Sampaio
- Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Bahia Foundation for the Development of Sciences, FBDC, Av. Tancredo Neves, 805-A. Centro Médico Iguatemi, sala 301, Caminho das Árvores, Salvador, Bahia, CEP: 41820-021, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Magnavita
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, R. Dr. Augusto Viana, s/n -Canela, Salvador, Bahia, CEP: 40301-155, Brazil.
| | - Ana Marice Ladeia
- Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Bahia Foundation for the Development of Sciences, FBDC, Rua Ceará 320. Edf. Mansão Calasans Neto apto 802, Pituba, Salvador, Bahia, 41820-021, Brazil.
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Larsen SC, Turicchi J, Christensen GL, Larsen CS, Jørgensen NR, Mikkelsen MLK, Horgan G, O’Driscoll R, Michalowska J, Duarte C, Scott SE, Santos I, Encantado J, Palmeira AL, Stubbs RJ, Heitmann BL. Hair Cortisol Concentration, Weight Loss Maintenance and Body Weight Variability: A Prospective Study Based on Data From the European NoHoW Trial. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:655197. [PMID: 34659105 PMCID: PMC8511813 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.655197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Several cross-sectional studies have shown hair cortisol concentration to be associated with adiposity, but the relationship between hair cortisol concentration and longitudinal changes in measures of adiposity are largely unknown. We included 786 adults from the NoHoW trial, who had achieved a successful weight loss of ≥5% and had a body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2 prior to losing weight. Hair cortisol concentration (pg/mg hair) was measured at baseline and after 12 months. Body weight and body fat percentage were measured at baseline, 6-month, 12-month and 18-month visits. Participants weighed themselves at home ≥2 weekly using a Wi-Fi scale for the 18-month study duration, from which body weight variability was estimated using linear and non-linear approaches. Regression models were conducted to examine log hair cortisol concentration and change in log hair cortisol concentration as predictors of changes in body weight, change in body fat percentage and body weight variability. After adjustment for lifestyle and demographic factors, no associations between baseline log hair cortisol concentration and outcome measures were observed. Similar results were seen when analysing the association between 12-month concurrent development in log hair cortisol concentration and outcomes. However, an initial 12-month increase in log hair cortisol concentration was associated with a higher subsequent body weight variability between month 12 and 18, based on deviations from a nonlinear trend (β: 0.02% per unit increase in log hair cortisol concentration [95% CI: 0.00, 0.04]; P=0.016). Our data suggest that an association between hair cortisol concentration and subsequent change in body weight or body fat percentage is absent or marginal, but that an increase in hair cortisol concentration during a 12-month weight loss maintenance effort may predict a slightly higher subsequent 6-months body weight variability. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN registry, identifier ISRCTN88405328.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofus C. Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Sofus C. Larsen,
| | - Jake Turicchi
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Niklas R. Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie-Louise K. Mikkelsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Graham Horgan
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Ruairi O’Driscoll
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Michalowska
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Cristiana Duarte
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E. Scott
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Inês Santos
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro Interdisciplinar para o Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Educação Física, Exercício e Saúde (CIDEFES), Universidade Lusófona, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jorge Encantado
- Centro Interdisciplinar para o Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Applied Psychology Research Center Capabilities & Inclusion (APPsyCI), Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada (ISPA) - Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Antonio L. Palmeira
- Centro Interdisciplinar para o Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Educação Física, Exercício e Saúde (CIDEFES), Universidade Lusófona, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - R. James Stubbs
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Berit L. Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Public Health, Section for General Practice, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Valenzuela PL, Carrera-Bastos P, Gálvez BG, Ruiz-Hurtado G, Ordovas JM, Ruilope LM, Lucia A. Lifestyle interventions for the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020; 18:251-275. [PMID: 33037326 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-020-00437-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension affects approximately one third of the world's adult population and is a major cause of premature death despite considerable advances in pharmacological treatments. Growing evidence supports the use of lifestyle interventions for the prevention and adjuvant treatment of hypertension. In this Review, we provide a summary of the epidemiological research supporting the preventive and antihypertensive effects of major lifestyle interventions (regular physical exercise, body weight management and healthy dietary patterns), as well as other less traditional recommendations such as stress management and the promotion of adequate sleep patterns coupled with circadian entrainment. We also discuss the physiological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of these lifestyle interventions on hypertension, which include not only the prevention of traditional risk factors (such as obesity and insulin resistance) and improvements in vascular health through an improved redox and inflammatory status, but also reduced sympathetic overactivation and non-traditional mechanisms such as increased secretion of myokines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Carrera-Bastos
- Centre for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skane, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Beatriz G Gálvez
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Ruiz-Hurtado
- Research Institute of the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER-CV, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Ordovas
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.,IMDEA Alimentacion, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M Ruilope
- Research Institute of the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER-CV, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. .,Research Institute of the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
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'You gotta have something to chew on': perceptions of stress-induced eating and weight gain among office workers in South Korea. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:499-511. [PMID: 32624055 PMCID: PMC7844607 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020000890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Job-related chronic stress has been discussed as a risk factor for weight change and metabolic disorders. The current study was conducted to understand the situations in which stress-induced eating occurs among office workers and how workers perceive stress to influence their daily eating practices and weight change. Design: In-depth, one-on-one interviews were conducted with office workers. Setting: Metropolitan areas in South Korea. Participants: Twenty-two office workers from thirteen companies participated in the study. Results: Most participants mentioned that they often felt work-related stress and reported various levels of perceived stress, as measured with open-ended questions. The main sources of work stress were (i) the nature of job characteristics, (ii) performance evaluations and (iii) relationships within the organisation. Participants linked stress with increased food consumption and cravings for sweet, savoury and greasy foods. Many participants emphasised the links between multiple health behaviours and stress. Not only dietary choices but also alcohol consumption, sleeping difficulty and insufficient physical activity were related to coping with work stress and demands. Finally, most participants who perceived work stress believed that their weight gain in adulthood was triggered by work stress. Conclusions: It is necessary to consider promoting behavioural modifications to support weight management and providing a means for stress management and the minimisation of stress-inducing working environments for workers to maintain or achieve a healthy weight and to prevent chronic disease incidence.
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Simos DS, Kokkinos A, Tentolouris N, Dimosthenopoulos C, Mantzou E, Artemiadis A, Bacopoulou F, Nicolaides NC, Kosta O, Chrousos GP, Darviri C. Pythagorean self-awareness intervention: A novel cognitive stress management technique for body weight control. Eur J Clin Invest 2019; 49:e13164. [PMID: 31421060 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past decades, the prevalence of obesity has markedly increased worldwide. Stress is recognized as a substantial contributor to increased body weight; therefore, stress management interventions, especially cognitive behavioural, are becoming increasingly popular. The impact of stress management on stress- and obesity-related biomarkers (eg blood lipid profile, HBA1c, inflammatory biomarkers, such as CRP) has been scarcely studied. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a novel cognitive behavioural stress management intervention, called 'Pythagorean Self-Awareness Intervention' (PSAI), in overweight/obese adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a two-armed 1:1 randomized, nonblind controlled study including overweight/obese individuals. The control group followed a personalized Mediterranean low-calorie diet, and the intervention group followed the same diet in addition to the PSAI intervention for 8 weeks. Measurements included demographic, anthropometric (ie BMI, waist-to-hip ratio), stress (ie perceived stress, salivary cortisol), dietary behaviour (ie emotional eating) and metabolic parameters (ie blood lipid profile, HBA1c, CRP, body composition in fat and water). Outcome per-protocol analysis was performed using mixed linear models adjusted for age and gender. RESULTS A total of 49 of 62 eligible adults were analysed in the study (there were three dropouts in the intervention group and 10 dropouts in the control group); 28 were assigned to the intervention group (mean age 54.7 ± 11.9 years) and 21 to the control group (mean age 51.8 ± 11.9 years). The intervention group showed a statistically significant decrease in perceived stress, cortisol concentrations 30 minutes after awakening, cortisol's area under the curve, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, restrained, emotional and external eating behaviour, fasting glucose, LDL, triglycerides, HbA1c and body and trunk fat, compared with the control group. Based on the observed effect sizes, clinically meaningful changes may be more evident in stress perception, restrained and external eating behaviour, Hb1ac and trunk fat. The compliance to the PSAI intervention reached 100%, and there were no adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS The PSAI technique may be an effective stress management method for overweight/obese adults. Future and larger randomized controlled studies are needed to allow generalization of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios S Simos
- Postgraduate Course Stress Management and Health Promotion, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Kokkinos
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, Diabetes Center, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tentolouris
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, Diabetes Center, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Emily Mantzou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Artemios Artemiadis
- Postgraduate Course Stress Management and Health Promotion, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nicolas C Nicolaides
- Postgraduate Course Stress Management and Health Promotion, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ourania Kosta
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, Diabetes Center, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- Postgraduate Course Stress Management and Health Promotion, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Darviri
- Postgraduate Course Stress Management and Health Promotion, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Sampaio C, Magnavita G, Ladeia AM. Effect of Healing Meditation on Weight Loss and Waist Circumference of Overweight and Obese Women: Randomized Blinded Clinical Trial. J Altern Complement Med 2019; 25:930-937. [PMID: 31373827 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2019.0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effect of healing meditation on weight loss and waist circumference for women undergoing a standard weight loss treatment. Design: We conducted a randomized, parallel-controlled, blinded clinical trial. Randomization was stratified by body mass index category and based on blocks of four. Setting: An outpatient clinic in Brazil. Subjects: Women with overweight and obesity. Intervention: For 8 weeks, in addition to the standard weight loss treatment, the intervention group underwent a healing meditation program, and the control group participated in a two round table just to observe the treatment compliance. Outcome measures: The primary outcome was the percentage of weight loss, blindly assessed regarding the allocation group. Results: Of 121 women interested in participating in the study, 55 were included and randomized, 27 for the intervention group and 28 for the control group. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. After 8 weeks, the intervention group had the highest relative reduction to initial body weight (-2.9% [interquartile range {IQR} -4.4 to -1.6] vs. -0.7% [IQR -1.1 to -5.0], p < 0.001). Waist circumference outcome was also significantly reduced in the intervention group (5 cm [IQR -6.0 to 4.0] vs. -1 cm [IQR -2.0 to 0.0], p < 0.001). The result of the intervention group was maintained until the 16th week. Between 8th and 16th week, the control group underwent meditation and presented significant weight reduction (-1.95 kg [IQR -3.2 to -1.1], p < 0.001 and -2.3% [IQR -4.1 to -1.3], p < 0.001), showing similar effect to the intervention group (p = 0.428). Conclusion: The addition of healing meditation to the standard weight loss treatment may reduce weight and waist circumference over a short period in overweight or obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Sampaio
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Magnavita
- Psychiatry Service, University Hospital, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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Association of anthropometric status, perceived stress, and personality traits with eating behavior in university students. Eat Weight Disord 2019; 24:521-531. [PMID: 30656613 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-018-00637-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the association of anthropometric status, perceived stress, and personality traits with eating behavior in university students. METHODS The participants, 1546 Japanese university students (964 males, 582 females), completed a questionnaire which asked for their current height and weight, ideal height and weight, eating behaviors, perceived stress, and personality traits. RESULTS Restrained eating was higher in normal-weight participants compared with underweight participants in both males and females (p < 0.001, both males and females). Restrained eating in normal-weight males was significantly lower in normal-weight females (p < 0.001). In addition, normal-weight males reported less stress than normal-weight females (anxiety/uncertainty, p = 0.037; tiredness/physical responses, p < 0.001; autonomic symptoms, p < 0.001; depression/feeling, p < 0.001) and underweight males (tiredness/physical responses, p = 0.018; autonomic symptoms, p = 0.001). Moreover, among normal-weight males, neuroticism was significantly lower compared with normal-weight females (p < 0.001). In multiple regression analysis, male participants revealed positive association between restrained eating and body mass index (β = 0.199, p < 0.001) or body mass index difference (β = - 0.170, p = 0.001). In contrast, female revealed more significant associations between emotional and external eating and perceived stress or personality traits compared with males. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that associations between eating behavior and anthropometric status or psychological factors are different by each eating behavior, which is partly influenced by gender difference. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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The Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation on Emotional Competence: Depression–Anxiety–Stress, Sense of Coherence, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Well-Being of Unemployed People in Greece: An Intervention Study. Explore (NY) 2019; 15:38-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mussa BM, Schauman M, Kumar V, Skaria S, Abusnana S. Personalized intervention to improve stress and sleep patterns for glycemic control and weight management in obese Emirati patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:991-999. [PMID: 31388307 PMCID: PMC6607201 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s201142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is growing evidence that stress and sleep deprivation are involved in development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The latter is one of the most challenging health problems in the UAE. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of personalized intervention on glycemic and weight control in Emirati patients with T2DM. The intervention involved assessment and modification of stress levels and sleep patterns. Methods: This was a randomized controlled study conducted on 51 Emirati patients with T2DM (age 18-60 years, body-mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2): those in the intervention group who completed the trial numbered 18 and those in the control group who completed the trial numbered 17. Heart-rate variability was used for real-life and long-term assessments of stress, sleep, and recovery. Body weight, BMI, HbA1c and lipid profile were included in the investigation. The National Clinical Trial identifier number is NCT03644134. Results: Percentage change in body weight was significantly greater (P<0.05) in the intervention group (-3.2±2.9) than the control group (-0.02). Percentage change in the BMI of the intervention group was -4.50±5.9, while the control group exhibited less change in BMI (-0.0003±3.3, P<0.05). In addition, a significant reduction in HbA1c was observed in the intervention group (-5.3±15.7) and an increase of 9.9±13.1 was observed in the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion: The findings of the present study show that personalized approaches that reduce stress levels, increase recovery levels, and promote healthy sleep habits play an important role in weight management and glycemic control in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashair M Mussa
- Basic Medical Science Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: Bashair M MussaBasic Medical Science Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, PO Box 27272, United Arab EmiratesTel +971 6 505 7220Fax +971 655 8579Email
| | - Mia Schauman
- Medical Research Department, Celolab, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Rashid Centre for Diabetes and Research, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sijomol Skaria
- Rashid Centre for Diabetes and Research, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salah Abusnana
- Clinical Science Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Department, University Hospital Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Langer SL, Soltero EG, Beresford SA, McGregor BA, Albano DL, Patrick DL, Bowen DJ. Socioeconomic status differences in food consumption following a laboratory-induced stressor. Health Psychol Open 2018; 5:2055102918804664. [PMID: 30345065 PMCID: PMC6187431 DOI: 10.1177/2055102918804664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined food consumption in response to a laboratory-induced stressor (two challenging neuropsychological tasks) among non-Hispanic White women categorized as lower or higher in socioeconomic status based on education. The two socioeconomic status groups did not differ with respect to current hunger or baseline dietary habits. Perceived stress was measured pre- and post-challenge. Snacks were offered post-challenge; food consumption was measured by weighing snack bowls pre- and post-offering. Perceived stress increased pre- to post-challenge for both groups, but this effect was stronger for women lower in socioeconomic status. In addition, women lower versus higher in socioeconomic status consumed more food overall and more high-fat sweet food in particular (large effect sizes). These findings provide evidence of socioeconomic status differences in food consumption following an acute stressor.
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Emmanouil CC, Pervanidou P, Charmandari E, Darviri C, Chrousos GP. The effectiveness of a health promotion and stress-management intervention program in a sample of obese children and adolescents. Hormones (Athens) 2018; 17:405-413. [PMID: 30099726 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-018-0052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an 8-week stress management intervention program that included progressive muscle relaxation, diaphragmatic breathing, guided imagery, and cognitive restructuring in obese Greek children and adolescents. DESIGN Thirty-six patients were prospectively recruited to participate in this randomized controlled study. Of these, 16 participants formed the intervention group and 20 participants the control group. Anthropometric measurements and salivary cortisol, determined serially 3 times a day, were assessed at the beginning and at the end of the study. Participants also completed the state-trait anxiety in children questionnaire (STAIC), the stress in children questionnaire (SiC), and the child behavior checklist (CBCL). RESULTS The intervention resulted in a significant reduction of waist-hip ratio (p = 0.008) in the intervention group compared with the control group. Moreover, school performance was improved in the intervention group (p = 0.025), while both the intervention and the control group adopted healthier daily habits (p = 0.020 and 0.011, respectively). However, there was no statistically significant difference between body mass index (BMI) z-score, stress, anxiety, and diurnal patterns in salivary cortisol. CONCLUSIONS The present study supports the effectiveness of stress management intervention programs on waist-hip ratio reduction. Further research is required to investigate biomarkers able to predict and evaluate the effectiveness of stress management intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula-Christina Emmanouil
- Postgraduate Course Stress Management and Health Promotion, University of Athens Medical School, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Str., GR-115-27, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Pervanidou
- First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens Medical School, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Charmandari
- First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens Medical School, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Darviri
- Postgraduate Course Stress Management and Health Promotion, University of Athens Medical School, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Str., GR-115-27, Athens, Greece.
| | - George P Chrousos
- Postgraduate Course Stress Management and Health Promotion, University of Athens Medical School, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Str., GR-115-27, Athens, Greece
- First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens Medical School, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Kennedy LE, Misyak S, Hosig K, Duffey KJ, Ju Y, Serrano E. The Slow Down Program: A mixed methods pilot study of a mindfulness-based stress management and nutrition education program for mothers. Complement Ther Med 2018; 38:1-6. [PMID: 29857874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stress levels have been associated with a broad range of adverse health outcomes, particularly for mothers and subsequently, their children. Mindfulness-based stress management is a tool that has effectively been utilized in several disciplines and has potential applications to eating behaviors. This paper describes the effects of an exploratory mindfulness-based stress management and nutrition education program, the Slow Down Program, on mothers' perceived stress, eating behavior, and self-efficacy. DESIGN & SETTING This study used a mixed methods quasi-experimental design. Nineteen mothers with young children (five or younger) participated in the study. The SDP consisted of four consecutive weekly 1.5 h sessions focused on experiential learning and facilitated discussion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Quantitative data were collected pre- and post-intervention and included: the Perceived Stress Scale; Mindfulness Self-Efficacy Scale; and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire Revised-18. Qualitative data included a focus group post-intervention and an individual interview 4-6 weeks post-intervention. RESULTS The SDP showed significant improvements in participants' perceived stress (p = .04), uncontrolled eating (p < 0.01), cognitive restraint (p < 0.01), and mindfulness self-efficacy (p < 0.01). Qualitatively, participants also reported changes in self-efficacy and eating behaviors - specifically improvements in mindful eating, and sensory and satiety awareness. CONCLUSIONS The results of this pilot study demonstrate that nutrition programs incorporated with mindfulness strategies may offer positive, short-term impacts on stress reduction and eating behaviors. Additional studies are warranted across a variety of populations with more rigorous study designs to assess long-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Kennedy
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, 330 Wallace Hall, 295 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States.
| | - Sarah Misyak
- Virginia Cooperative Extension's Family Nutrition Program, Department of Human Nutrition, Foods & Exercise, 333 Wallace Hall, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States.
| | - Kathy Hosig
- Center for Public Health Practice and Research, Department of Population Health Sciences, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, 205 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States.
| | - Kiyah J Duffey
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, 338 Wallace Hall, 295 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States.
| | - Young Ju
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, 325 Wallace Hall, 295 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States.
| | - Elena Serrano
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, 327 Wallace Hall, 295 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States.
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Geiker NRW, Astrup A, Hjorth MF, Sjödin A, Pijls L, Markus CR. Does stress influence sleep patterns, food intake, weight gain, abdominal obesity and weight loss interventions and vice versa? Obes Rev 2018; 19:81-97. [PMID: 28849612 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Decades of research have reported only weak associations between the intakes of specific foods or drinks and weight gain and obesity. Randomized controlled dietary intervention trials have only shown very modest effects of changes in nutrient intake and diet composition on body weight in obese subjects. This review summarizes the scientific evidence on the role mental stress (either in or not in association with impaired sleep) may play in poor sleep, enhanced appetite, cravings and decreased motivation for physical activity. All these factors contribute to weight gain and obesity, possibly via decreasing the efficacy of weight loss interventions. We also review evidence for the role that lifestyle and stress management may play in achieving weight loss in stress-vulnerable individuals with overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R W Geiker
- Clinical Nutrition Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - A Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M F Hjorth
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Sjödin
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Pijls
- Loekintofood-gcv/scs, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Rob Markus
- Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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25
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Stress-induced eating and the relaxation response as a potential antidote: A review and hypothesis. Appetite 2017; 118:136-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Monroe CM, Turner-McGrievy G, Larsen CA, Magradey K, Brandt HM, Wilcox S, Sundstrom B, West DS. College Freshmen Students' Perspectives on Weight Gain Prevention in the Digital Age: Web-Based Survey. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2017; 3:e71. [PMID: 29025698 PMCID: PMC5658646 DOI: 10.2196/publichealth.7875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND College freshmen are highly vulnerable to experiencing weight gain, and this phenomenon is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases and mortality in older adulthood. Technology offers an attractive and scalable way to deliver behavioral weight gain prevention interventions for this population. Weight gain prevention programs that harness the appeal and widespread reach of Web-based technologies (electronic health or eHealth) are increasingly being evaluated in college students. Yet, few of these interventions are informed by college students' perspectives on weight gain prevention and related lifestyle behaviors. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess college freshmen students' concern about weight gain and associated topics, as well as their interest in and delivery medium preferences for eHealth programs focused on these topics. METHODS Web-based surveys that addressed college freshmen students' (convenience sample of N=50) perspectives on weight gain prevention were administered at the beginning and end of the fall 2015 semester as part of a longitudinal investigation of health-related issues and experiences in first semester college freshmen. Data on weight gain prevention-related concerns and corresponding interest in eHealth programs targeting topics of potential concern, as well as preferred program delivery medium and current technology use were gathered and analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS A considerable proportion of the freshmen sample expressed concern about weight gain (74%, 37/50) and both traditional (healthy diet: 86%, 43/50; physical activity: 64%, 32/50) and less frequently addressed (stress: 82%, 41/50; sleep: 74%, 37/50; anxiety and depression: 60%, 30/50) associated topics within the context of behavioral weight gain prevention. The proportion of students who reported interest in eHealth promotion programs targeting these topics was also generally high (ranging from 52% [26/50] for stress management to 70% [35/50] for eating a healthy diet and staying physically active). Email was the most frequently used electronic platform, with 96% (48/50) of students reporting current use of it. Email was also the most frequently cited preferred eHealth delivery platform, with 86% (43/50) of students selecting it. Facebook was preferred by the second greatest proportion of students (40%, 20/50). CONCLUSIONS Most college freshmen have concerns about an array of weight gain prevention topics and are generally open to the possibility of receiving eHealth interventions designed to address their concerns, preferably via email compared with popular social media platforms. These preliminary findings offer a foundation to build upon when it comes to future descriptive investigations focused on behavioral weight gain prevention among college freshmen in the digital age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M Monroe
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | | | - Chelsea A Larsen
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Karen Magradey
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Heather M Brandt
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Sara Wilcox
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Beth Sundstrom
- Department of Communication, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Delia Smith West
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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Koski M, Naukkarinen H. The Relationship between Stress and Severe Obesity: A Case-Control Study. Biomed Hub 2017; 2:1-13. [PMID: 31988895 PMCID: PMC6945898 DOI: 10.1159/000458771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several etiological factors for obesity have been identified, whereas other factors related to obesity, such as stress, remain poorly understood. This study used psychiatric methods to examine the relationship between stress and obesity. Methods Matched study and control groups were established, and the female and male control subjects were selected separately by random sampling. The control subjects were matched with the case subjects with respect to place of residence, sex, age, date that a pension was granted, and occupation. Psychiatric and psychological methods were assessed using a questionnaire and statistical analyses. Results Psychiatric interviews indicated that stress was more prevalent in the study group than in the control group. Separation from parents was nearly significantly more frequently in the study group than in the control group. The questionnaire on coping mechanisms revealed that case subjects tended to resolve their problems in an active manner. Conclusions The aim of this case-control study was to examine the relationship between stress and obesity in individuals receiving a disability pension. We identified stress factors that affect the development of obesity. We believe our study is both necessary and important, as these findings provide valuable insight into the relationship between severe obesity and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja Koski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Naukkarinen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Carea Hospital District, Kymenlaakso Psychiatric Hospital, Kuusankoski, Finland
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Stavrou S, Nicolaides NC, Critselis E, Darviri C, Charmandari E, Chrousos GP. Paediatric stress: from neuroendocrinology to contemporary disorders. Eur J Clin Invest 2017; 47:262-269. [PMID: 28074555 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress is defined as a state of threatened or perceived as threatened homeostasis. A broad spectrum of extrinsic or intrinsic, real or perceived stressful stimuli, called 'stressors', activates a highly conserved system, the 'stress system', which adjusts homeostasis through central and peripheral neuroendocrine responses. Inadequate, excessive or prolonged adaptive responses to stress may underlie the pathogenesis of several disease states prevalent in modern societies. The development and severity of these conditions primarily depend on the genetic vulnerability of the individual, the exposure to adverse environmental factors and the timing of the stressful event(s), given that prenatal life, infancy, childhood and adolescence are critical periods characterized by increased vulnerability to stressors. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a systematic review of original articles and reviews published in MEDLINE from 1975 through June 2016. The search terms were 'childhood stress', 'pediatric stress', 'stress and disorders' and 'stress management'. RESULTS In this review, we discuss the historical and neuroendocrine aspects of stress, and we present representative examples of paediatric stress system disorders, such as early-life adversity, obesity and bullying. We also discuss the adverse impact of a socio-economic crisis on childhood health. The tremendous progress of epigenetics has enabled us to have a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying paediatric stress-related disorders. CONCLUSIONS The need for early successful stress management techniques to decrease the incidence of paediatric stress-related diseases, as well as to prevent the development of several pathologic conditions in adolescence and adulthood, is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula Stavrou
- Postgraduate Course on the Science of Stress and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nicolas C Nicolaides
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elena Critselis
- Postgraduate Course on the Science of Stress and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Darviri
- Postgraduate Course on the Science of Stress and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Charmandari
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- Postgraduate Course on the Science of Stress and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Sampaio CVS, Lima MG, Ladeia AM. Efficacy of Healing meditation in reducing anxiety of individuals at the phase of weight loss maintenance: A randomized blinded clinical trial. Complement Ther Med 2016; 29:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Edshteyn I, Uduhiri KA, Morgan TO, Rhodes KL, Sherin KM. Practice Policy Statement: Integrating Effective Weight Management Into Practice. Am J Prev Med 2016; 51:542-8. [PMID: 27374207 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The American College of Preventive Medicine Prevention Practice Committee contributes to policy guidelines and recommendations on preventive health topics for clinicians and public health decision makers. As an update to a previously published statement on weight management counseling of overweight adults, the College is providing a consensus-based recommendation designed to more effectively integrate weight management strategies into clinical practice and to incorporate referrals to effective evidence-based community and commercial weight management programs. The goal is to empower providers to include lifestyle interventions as part of the foundation of clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Edshteyn
- Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center, Derby, Connecticut.
| | | | - Toyosi O Morgan
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Katrina L Rhodes
- American Association of Public Health Physicians, Green Cove Springs, Florida
| | - Kevin M Sherin
- Department of Family Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida; University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida; Florida Department of Health in Orange County, Orlando, Florida
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Xenouli G, Xenoulis K, Sarafis P, Niakas D, Alexopoulos EC. Validation of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHO-DAS II) in Greek and its added value to the Short Form 36 (SF-36) in a sample of people with or without disabilities. Disabil Health J 2016; 9:518-23. [PMID: 26996759 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is controversy and ongoing interest on the measurement of functionality in the personal and social level. OBJECTIVES (1) to validate the Greek version of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHO DAS II) and (2) to determine its added value to the physical and psychological health subscales of the Short Form 36 (SF-36). METHODS In a cross-sectional design, data were collected between December 2014 and March 2015 by using three questionnaires (WHO DAS II, SF-36, PSS-14) in a sample of people with disabilities (n = 101) and without disabilities (n = 109) in Athens, Greece. WHO DAS II internal consistency, construct and criterion-related validity were assessed by Cronbach alpha, exploratory factor analysis and correlations; its added value by multivariable linear regression. RESULTS Cronbach Alpha's were satisfactory for the WHO DAS II, PSS-14 and SF-36 (0.85, 0.88 and 0.96 respectively). Exploratory factor analysis confirmed the existence of one or two factors in people with or without disabilities, respectively. WHO DAS II score showed significant negative correlation with the physical and mental health scale of SF-36 score, especially strong for physical health while was positively related to PSS-14 score. In multivariate analysis mental health appraisal was related to perceived stress in both groups. CONCLUSIONS This study support the validity of the Greek version of WHO DAS II and warranted its use in assessment and follow up of people with disabilities, contributing to the development of suitable policies to cover their needs and providing comparable data with other surveys using the same instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Xenouli
- Hellenic Open University, Parodos Aristotelous 18, GR-26 335 Patra, Greece.
| | - Kostis Xenoulis
- Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Ilissia, GR- 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Pavlos Sarafis
- Hellenic Open University, Parodos Aristotelous 18, GR-26 335 Patra, Greece
| | - Dimitris Niakas
- Hellenic Open University, Parodos Aristotelous 18, GR-26 335 Patra, Greece
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A comparison of a behavioral weight loss program to a stress management program: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Nutrition 2016; 32:904-9. [PMID: 27138110 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study compared a behavioral weight loss program (BWL) with a stress management-based program, Emotional Brain Training (EBT), on weight loss, blood pressure, depression, perceived stress, diet, and physical activity. METHODS Subjects with a body mass index (BMI) of >28 and <45 kg/m(2) were recruited in Lexington, Kentucky in January 2014 and randomized to BWL or EBT for a 20-week intervention. Of those recruited, 49 participants were randomized to EBT or BWL. Randomization and allocation to group were performed using SPSS software. Weight, blood pressure, depression, perceived stress, dietary intake, and physical activity were measured at baseline, 10 week, and 20 week. Linear models for change over time were fit to calculate 95% confidence intervals of intervention effects. RESULTS BWL produced greater changes in BMI than EBT at both 10 (P = 0.02) and 20 wk (P = 0.03). At 10 wk, both EBT and BWL improved BMI, systolic blood pressure, depression and perceived stress (P < 0.05). BWL also improved diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.005). At 20 wk, EBT maintained improvements in BMI, systolic blood pressure, depression, and perceived stress while BWL maintained improvements only in BMI and depression (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS BWL produced greater weight loss than EBT; however, EBT produced sustained improvements in stress, depression, and systolic blood pressure. A combination of the two approaches should be explored.
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Psychosocial stress is associated with obesity and diet quality in Hispanic/Latino adults. Ann Epidemiol 2014; 25:84-9. [PMID: 25487969 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the association of psychosocial stress with obesity, adiposity, and dietary intake in a diverse sample of Hispanic/Latino adults. METHODS Participants were 5077 men and women, aged 18 to 74 years, from diverse Hispanic/Latino ethnic backgrounds. Linear regression models were used to assess the association of ongoing chronic stressors and recent perceived stress with measures of adiposity (waist circumference and percentage body fat) and dietary intake (total energy, saturated fat, alternative healthy eating index-2010). Multinomial logistic models were used to describe the odds of obesity or overweight relative to normal weight. RESULTS Greater number of chronic stressors and greater perceived stress were associated with higher total energy intake. Greater recent perceived stress was associated with lower diet quality as indicated by alternative healthy eating index-2010 scores. Compared with no stressors, reporting three or more chronic stressors was associated with higher odds of being obese (odds ratio = 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-2.1), greater waist circumference (β = 3.3, 95% CI 1.0-5.5), and percentage body fat (β = 1.5, 95% CI 0.4-2.6). CONCLUSIONS The study found an association between stress and obesity and adiposity measures, suggesting that stress management techniques may be useful in obesity prevention and treatment programs that target Hispanic/Latino populations.
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Darviri C, Alexopoulos EC, Artemiadis AK, Tigani X, Kraniotou C, Darvyri P, Chrousos GP. The Healthy Lifestyle and Personal Control Questionnaire (HLPCQ): a novel tool for assessing self-empowerment through a constellation of daily activities. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:995. [PMID: 25253039 PMCID: PMC4192765 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The main goal of stress management and health promotion programs is to improve health by empowering people to take control over their lives. Daily health-related lifestyle choices are integral targets of these interventions and critical to evaluating their efficacy. To date, concepts such as self-efficacy, self-control and empowerment are assessed by tools that only partially address daily lifestyle choices. The aim of this study is to validate a novel measurement tool, the Healthy Lifestyle and Personal Control Questionnaire (HLPCQ), which aims to assess the concept of empowerment through a constellation of daily activities. Methods Therefore, we performed principal component analysis (PCA) of 26 items that were derived from the qualitative data of several stress management programs conducted by our research team. Results The PCA resulted in the following five-factor solution: 1) Dietary Healthy Choices, 2) Dietary Harm Avoidance, 3) Daily Routine, 4) Organized Physical Exercise and 5) Social and Mental Balance. All subscales showed satisfactory internal consistency and variance, relative to theoretical score ranges. Subscale scores and the total score were significantly correlated with perceived stress and health locus of control, implying good criterion validity. Associations with sociodemographic data and other variables, such as sleep quality and health assessments, were also found. Conclusions The HLPCQ is a good tool for assessing the efficacy of future health-promoting interventions to improve individuals’ lifestyle and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Darviri
- Postgraduate Course Stress Management and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Soranou Ephessiou 4, GR-11527 Athens, Greece.
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Chen SH, Cheng HY, Chuang YH, Shao JH. Nutritional status and its health-related factors among older adults in rural and urban areas. J Adv Nurs 2014; 71:42-53. [PMID: 24894954 DOI: 10.1111/jan.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare health-related characteristics, nutrition-related factors and nutritional status of older adults living in rural and urban counties of Taiwan. BACKGROUND The older adult population of Taiwan is increasing. Furthermore, older people living in rural areas have shorter life expectancy and more chronic diseases than their urban counterparts. However, little is known about the health-related characteristics, nutrition-related factors and nutritional status of older adults living in rural and urban areas of Taiwan, limiting nurses' ability to identify and care for older adults at risk of poor nutritional health. DESIGN Cross-sectional, comparative. METHODS Older adults were randomly selected from names of residents of an adjacent rural and urban area of northern Taiwan and having completing the 2009 health evaluation. From March-July 2010, older adult participants (N = 366) provided data on demographic and health-related information, nutritional self-efficacy, health locus of control and nutritional status. Data were analysed by descriptive statistics and compared using chi-square and t-test. RESULTS Older rural participants had significantly lower educational level, less adequate income, higher medication use, lower scores on self-rated health status and researcher-rated health status and lower self-rated healthy eating status than their urban counterparts. Moreover, rural participants had significantly lower nutritional self-efficacy, higher chance health locus of control and poorer nutritional status than their urban counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that nurses should assess older adults living in rural areas for nutritional health and nutrition knowledge. Based on this assessment, nurses should develop easy, practical and accessible nutritional programmes for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hui Chen
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Tanagra D, Panidis D, Tountas Y, Remoudaki E, Alexopoulos EC. Implementation of a worksite educational program focused on promoting healthy eating habits. F1000Res 2013; 2:201. [PMID: 25324961 PMCID: PMC4197742 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.2-201.v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To estimate the effectiveness of a short-term educational-counseling worksite program focused on lipid intake, by monitoring the possible change on nutrition knowledge and eating habits. Methods: an 8-week educational program based on the Health Belief Model was implemented in a honey packaging and sales company in Greece. 20 out of the 29 employees initially enrolled completed the program. Knowledge level and eating habits were evaluated prior and after the intervention by the “Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire” and the “Food Habits Questionnaire”. ANOVA, Spearman rho test and paired Wilcoxon test were employed in statistical analysis. Results: Non smokers and those with higher educational level had healthier eating habits. Knowledge following the intervention was significantly improved concerning recommendations and basic food ingredients but as far as eating habits were concerned, scores were not improved significantly, while intake of fried food was increased. Conclusions and Implications: Short-term interventions may produce substantial improvement in knowledge but not necessarily modifications in unhealthy eating habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Tanagra
- Postgraduate Course of Health Promotion & Education, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Panidis
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Yannis Tountas
- Postgraduate Course of Health Promotion & Education, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elina Remoudaki
- Postgraduate Course of Health Promotion & Education, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos C Alexopoulos
- Postgraduate Course of Health Promotion & Education, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece ; Department of Occupational Health, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
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