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Collins R, Skinner J, Leary M, Burrows TL. Dietary and quality-of-life outcomes of the FoodFix intervention for addictive eating: a short report. J Hum Nutr Diet 2024; 37:815-822. [PMID: 38549279 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interest in addictive eating continues to grow from both a research and clinical perspective. To date, dietary assessment alongside food addiction status is limited, with management options for addictive eating behaviours variable, given the overlap with myriad conditions. The aim of this study was to report the dietary intake and quality-of-life outcomes from a personality-targeted motivational interviewing intervention delivered by dietitians using telehealth. METHODS The study was conducted in adults exceeding their healthy-weight range with symptoms of addictive eating, as defined by the Yale Food Addiction Scale. The 52 participants were randomised to either intervention or control, with 49 participants commencing the intervention. Individuals participated in the 3-month, three-session FoodFix interventions, with dietary outcomes assessed by the Australian Eating Survey and quality of life assessed using the SF-36 at baseline and 3 months. RESULTS There were small-to-moderate effect sizes, specifically in the intervention group for decreased added sugar intake, increased protein intake, increased meat quality and increased vegetable servings per day. Six out of eight quality-of-life domains had small-to-moderate effect sizes. CONCLUSIONS This intervention has highlighted the need for further research in larger sample sizes to assess dietary behaviour change by those who self-report addictive eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Collins
- School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Food and Nutrition Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janelle Skinner
- School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Food and Nutrition Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Leary
- School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Food and Nutrition Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tracy L Burrows
- School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Food and Nutrition Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
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Perez-Leighton C, Kerr B, Scherer PE, Baudrand R, Cortés V. The interplay between leptin, glucocorticoids, and GLP1 regulates food intake and feeding behaviour. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:653-674. [PMID: 38072002 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Nutritional, endocrine, and neurological signals converge in multiple brain centres to control feeding behaviour and food intake as part of the allostatic regulation of energy balance. Among the several neuroendocrine systems involved, the leptin, glucocorticoid, and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) systems have been extensively researched. Leptin is at the top hierarchical level since its complete absence is sufficient to trigger severe hyperphagia. Glucocorticoids are key regulators of the energy balance adaptation to stress and their sustained excess leads to excessive adiposity and metabolic perturbations. GLP1 participates in metabolic adaptation to food intake, regulating insulin secretion and satiety by parallel central and peripheral signalling systems. Herein, we review the brain and peripheral targets of these three hormone systems that integrate to regulate food intake, feeding behaviour, and metabolic homeostasis. We examine the functional relationships between leptin, glucocorticoids, and GLP1 at the central and peripheral levels, including the cross-regulation of their circulating levels and their cooperative or antagonistic actions at different brain centres. The pathophysiological roles of these neuroendocrine systems in dysregulated intake are explored in the two extremes of body adiposity - obesity and lipodystrophy - and eating behaviour disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Perez-Leighton
- Departmento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, 830024, Chile
| | - Bredford Kerr
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina-CEBICEM, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Carmen Sylva 2444, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - René Baudrand
- Departmento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, 830024, Chile
- Centro Translacional de Endocrinología (CETREN), Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, 830024, Chile
| | - Víctor Cortés
- Departmento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, 830024, Chile
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Leary M, Skinner JA, Pursey KM, Verdejo-Garcia A, Collins R, Collins C, Hay P, Burrows TL. The effectiveness of the TRACE online nutrition intervention in improving dietary intake, sleep quality and physical activity levels for Australian adults with food addiction: a randomised controlled trial. J Hum Nutr Diet 2024. [PMID: 38652589 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few interventions for food addiction (FA) report on dietary intake variables. The present study comprised a three-arm randomised controlled trial in adults with symptoms of FA. The aim was to evaluate dietary intake, sleep and physical activity resulting from a dietitian-led telehealth intervention at 3 months. METHODS Adults with ≥3 symptoms of FA and a body mass index > 18.5 kg/m2 were recruited. Dietary intake including energy, nutrients and diet quality were assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire in addition to sleep quality and physical activity (total min) and compared between groups and over time. Personalised dietary goals set by participants were examined to determine whether improvements in percent energy from core and non-core foods were reported. RESULTS The active intervention group was superior compared to the passive intervention and control groups for improvements in percent energy from core (6.4%/day [95% confidence interval (CI) -0.0 to 12.9], p = 0.049), non-core foods (-6.4%/day [95% CI -12.9 to 0.0], p = 0.049), sweetened drinks (-1.7%/day [95% CI -2.9 to -0.4], p = 0.013), takeaway foods (-2.3%/day [95% CI -4.5 to -0.1], p = 0.045) and sodium (-478 mg/day [95% CI -765 to -191 mg], p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS A dietitian-led telehealth intervention for Australian adults with FA found significant improvements in dietary intake variables. Setting personalised goals around nutrition and eating behaviours was beneficial for lifestyle change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Leary
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Janelle A Skinner
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Kirrilly M Pursey
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Antonio Verdejo-Garcia
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca Collins
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Clare Collins
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Phillipa Hay
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Mental Health Services, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Camden and Campbelltown Hospitals, NSW, Australia
| | - Tracy L Burrows
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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Skinner JA, Leary M, Whatnall M, Collins RA, Pursey KM, Verdejo-Garcia A, Hay PJ, Baker AL, Hides L, Paxton SJ, Wood LG, Colyvas K, Collins CE, Burrows TL. A three-arm randomised controlled trial of a telehealth intervention targeting improvement in addictive eating for Australian adults (the TRACE program). Appetite 2024; 195:107211. [PMID: 38215944 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
There is a substantial research base for addictive eating with development of interventions. The current 3-arm RCT aimed to investigate the efficacy of the TRACE (Targeted Research for Addictive and Compulsive Eating) program to decrease addictive eating symptoms and improve mental health. Participants (18-85 yrs) endorsing ≥3 addictive eating symptoms were randomly allocated to 1) active intervention, 2) passive intervention, or 3) control group. Primary outcome was change in addictive eating symptoms 3-months post-baseline measured by the Yale Food Addiction Scale. Depression, anxiety and stress were also assessed. A total of 175 individuals were randomised. Using Linear Mixed Models, from baseline to 3-months, there was significant improvement in symptom scores in all groups with mean decrease of 4.7 (95% CI: -5.8, -3.6; p < 0.001), 3.8 (95% CI: -5.2, -2.4; p < 0.001) and 1.5 (95% CI: -2.6, -0.4; p = 0.01) respectively. Compared with the control group, participants in the active intervention were five times more likely to achieve a clinically significant change in symptom scores. There was a significant reduction in depression scores in the active and passive intervention groups, but not control group [-2.9 (95% CI: -4.5, -1.3); -2.3 (95% CI: -4.3, -0.3); 0.5 (95% CI: -1.1, 2.1), respectively]; a significant reduction in stress scores within the active group, but not passive intervention or control groups [-1.3 (95% CI: -2.2, -0.5); -1.0 (95% CI: -2.1, 0.1); 0.4 (95% CI: -0.5, 1.2), respectively]; and the reduction in anxiety scores over time was similar for all groups. A dietitian-led telehealth intervention for addictive eating in adults was more effective than a passive or control condition in reducing addictive eating scores from baseline to 6 months. Trial registration: Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry ACTRN12621001079831.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle A Skinner
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Mark Leary
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Megan Whatnall
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Rebecca A Collins
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Kirrilly M Pursey
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Antonio Verdejo-Garcia
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Phillipa J Hay
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2751, Australia; Mental Health Services, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Camden and Campbelltown Hospitals, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Amanda L Baker
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Leanne Hides
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Susan J Paxton
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, Latrobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Lisa G Wood
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Kim Colyvas
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Clare E Collins
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Tracy L Burrows
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia.
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Camacho-Barcia L, Giel KE, Jiménez-Murcia S, Álvarez Pitti J, Micali N, Lucas I, Miranda-Olivos R, Munguia L, Tena-Sempere M, Zipfel S, Fernández-Aranda F. Eating disorders and obesity: bridging clinical, neurobiological, and therapeutic perspectives. Trends Mol Med 2024; 30:361-379. [PMID: 38485648 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Eating disorders (EDs) and obesity are complex health conditions sharing various risk and maintenance factors, intensified in cases of comorbidity. This review explores the similarities and connections between these conditions, examining different facets from a multidisciplinary perspective, among them comorbidities, metabolic and psychological factors, neurobiological aspects, and management and therapy implications. We aim to investigate the common characteristics and complexities of weight and EDs and explore their interrelationships in individuals who experience both. The rising prevalence of EDs in people with obesity necessitates integrated approaches to study this comorbidity and to identify and analyze both common and distinct features of these conditions. This review may offer new opportunities for simultaneous prevention and management approaches, as well as future lines of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Camacho-Barcia
- Clinical Psychology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Katrin Elisabeth Giel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Centre of Excellence for Eating Disorders (KOMET), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Germany
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Clinical Psychology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Álvarez Pitti
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Pediatric Department, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Innovation in Paediatrics and Technologies-iPEDITEC- research group, Research Foundation, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nadia Micali
- Eating Disorders Research Unit, Psychiatric Centre Ballerup, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK; Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Psychiatric Center Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ignacio Lucas
- Clinical Psychology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Romina Miranda-Olivos
- Clinical Psychology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucero Munguia
- Clinical Psychology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Centre of Excellence for Eating Disorders (KOMET), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Germany
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Clinical Psychology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Christensen E, Albertella L, Chamberlain SR, Brydevall M, Suo C, Grant JE, Yücel M, Lee RSC. The neurocognitive correlates of non-substance addictive behaviors. Addict Behav 2024; 150:107904. [PMID: 37984220 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Neurocognitive deficits have been implicated as transdiagnostic risk markers of substance use disorders. However, these have yet to be comprehensively evaluated in other, non-substance addictions. In a large, general community sample (N = 475) the present study evaluated the neurocognitive correlates of problem alcohol use and three non-substance-related addictive behaviors: addictive eating (AE), problematic pornography use (PPU), and problematic use of the internet (PUI), to identify potential shared and distinct neurocognitive correlates. A sample of Australian residents (54.4 % female M[SD] age = 32.4[11.9] years) completed a comprehensive online assessment of neurocognitive tasks tapping into eight distinct expert-endorsed domains purportedly associated with addiction. Multiple linear regressions with bootstrapping were used to examine associations among each addictive behavior of interest and neurocognition, trait impulsivity, and compulsivity, as well as key covariates. Neurocognition was differentially associated with each addictive behavior. None of the neurocognitive domains were significantly associated with problematic alcohol use or AE (p >.05), poorer performance monitoring was significantly associated with higher levels of PPU and PUI (β = -0.10, p =.049; β = -0.09, p =.028), and a preference for delayed gratification was associated with more severe PUI (β = -0.10, p =.025). Our findings have theoretical implications for how we understand non-substance addiction and suggest the need for a more nuanced approach to studying addictive behaviors that take into account the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms associated with each type of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erynn Christensen
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Lucy Albertella
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Samuel R Chamberlain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Southampton, Southampton, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Maja Brydevall
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chao Suo
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jon E Grant
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Murat Yücel
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Rico Sze Chun Lee
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Kose J, Duquenne P, Hercberg S, Galan P, Touvier M, Fezeu LK, Andreeva VA. Co-occurrence of habit-forming risk behaviors and their socio-demographic, health status and lifestyle determinants: a population-based cross-sectional study. Arch Public Health 2024; 82:26. [PMID: 38419088 PMCID: PMC10900606 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-024-01251-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although habit-forming risk behaviors frequently co-occur, determinants of concurrent risk behaviors have rarely been investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate socio-demographic, health status, and lifestyle determinants of single versus concurrent risk behaviors in general-population adults. METHODS We analyzed data from 32,622 participants (74.5% female; mean age = 57.9 ± 14.2 years) of the NutriNet-Santé cohort who completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, the 12-item Cigarette Dependence Scale, the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0, and the Internet Addiction Test in 2021-2022. Using established cutoffs, participants were first split into 2 groups (presence versus absence) for each risk variable (alcohol use disorders, nicotine dependence, food addiction, Internet addiction) and were then divided into 3 groups (no risk behavior, 1 risk behavior (reference), and ≥ 2 risk behaviors). The association between socio-demographic, health status, and lifestyle exposures and individual/concurrent risk behaviors were investigated with polytomous logistic regression. RESULTS Younger age (Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.04; 95% Confidence Interval (CI: 1.62-2.56), current financial difficulties (OR = 1.29; CI: 1.08-1.54), self-perceived poor health (OR = 1.70; CI: 1.32-2.20), overall poor dietary quality (OR = 2.88; CI: 2.06-4.02), being underweight (OR = 1.46; CI: 1.05-2.04), having obesity (OR = 1.62; CI: 1.31-1.99), lack of affection during childhood (OR = 1.41; CI: 1.18-1.69), and a lifetime prevalence or medication use for a mental disorder (OR = 1.46; CI: 1.24-1.73) were positively associated with having ≥ 2 versus 1 risk behavior (all p < 0.05). The comparison of none versus 1 risk behavior revealed the same determinants in addition to having a higher education, being physically active at work, and being overweight. CONCLUSIONS We investigated determinants of concurrent habit-forming risk behaviors among adults in a large, population-based study. The findings could serve as impetus for future research in this domain and ultimately help guide addiction prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Kose
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Group (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Pauline Duquenne
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Group (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Group (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
- Department of Public Health, AP-HP Paris Seine-Saint-Denis Hospital System, Bobigny, France
| | - Pilar Galan
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Group (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Group (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Léopold K Fezeu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Group (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Valentina A Andreeva
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Group (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France.
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8
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Nicolau J, Tamayo MI, Sanchís P, Pujol A, Pérez-Bec G, Sfondrini G, Masmiquel L. Short-term effects of semaglutide among patients with obesity with and without food addiction: an observational study. J Addict Dis 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38369467 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2024.2315365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Food addiction (FA) is highly prevalent among people with obesity (PwO) and may constitute a key factor in weight loss failure or weight regain. GLP-1 analogues have been shown to act on the mesolimbic system, which is related to hedonic overeating and substance abuse. We aimed to study the effects of low doses of semaglutide on FA symptomatology and to evaluate whether the presence of FA have a negative impact on weight loss despite treatment with semaglutide. METHODS One hundred and thirteen PwO (45.5 ± 10.2 years) were evaluated anthropometrically baseline and after four months of treatment with semaglutide. PwO were evaluated for the presence of FA by completing The Spanish version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 questionnaire (YFAS 2.0). RESULTS Baseline BMI and fat mass (%) were greater among PwO with FA (35.8 ± 4.5 vs 33 ± 3.9 kg/m2and 44.2 ± 6.5 vs 40.1 ± 7.9%; p = .01). After four months of treatment with semaglutide, the prevalence of FA diminished from 57.5% to 4.2% (p < .001). The percentage of weight loss (6.9 ± 12.7 vs 5.3 ± 4.6%; p = .4) and the proportion of fat mass loss (2 ± 9 vs 1.6 ± 3.1%; p = .7) were comparable between PwO with and without FA. No differences regarding side effects and treatment discontinuations were seen between the two groups. CONCLUSION Semaglutide is an effective tool for the amelioration of FA symptomatology among PwO. Despite PwO with FA had greater basal BMI and fat mass, semaglutide showed similar results compared to PwO without FA in terms of weight and fat mass loss at short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Nicolau
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Son Llàtzer and Clinica Quiron Rotger. Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
- Clínica Rotger (Grupo Quirón), Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - María Isabel Tamayo
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Son Llàtzer and Clinica Quiron Rotger. Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Pilar Sanchís
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Son Llàtzer and Clinica Quiron Rotger. Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Antelm Pujol
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Son Llàtzer and Clinica Quiron Rotger. Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Pérez-Bec
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Son Llàtzer and Clinica Quiron Rotger. Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Guido Sfondrini
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Son Llàtzer and Clinica Quiron Rotger. Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Lluís Masmiquel
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Son Llàtzer and Clinica Quiron Rotger. Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
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9
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Bates A, West MA, Jack S, Grocott MPW. Preparing for and Not Waiting for Surgery. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:629-648. [PMID: 38392040 PMCID: PMC10887937 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31020046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer surgery is an essential treatment strategy but can disrupt patients' physical and psychological health. With worldwide demand for surgery expected to increase, this review aims to raise awareness of this global public health concern, present a stepwise framework for preoperative risk evaluation, and propose the adoption of personalised prehabilitation to mitigate risk. Perioperative medicine is a growing speciality that aims to improve clinical outcome by preparing patients for the stress associated with surgery. Preparation should begin at contemplation of surgery, with universal screening for established risk factors, physical fitness, nutritional status, psychological health, and, where applicable, frailty and cognitive function. Patients at risk should undergo a formal assessment with a qualified healthcare professional which informs meaningful shared decision-making discussion and personalised prehabilitation prescription incorporating, where indicated, exercise, nutrition, psychological support, 'surgery schools', and referral to existing local services. The foundational principles of prehabilitation can be adapted to local context, culture, and population. Clinical services should be co-designed with all stakeholders, including patient representatives, and require careful mapping of patient pathways and use of multi-disciplinary professional input. Future research should optimise prehabilitation interventions, adopting standardised outcome measures and robust health economic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Bates
- Perioperative and Critical Care Medicine Theme, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton/University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (A.B.); (M.A.W.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Malcolm A. West
- Perioperative and Critical Care Medicine Theme, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton/University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (A.B.); (M.A.W.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Sandy Jack
- Perioperative and Critical Care Medicine Theme, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton/University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (A.B.); (M.A.W.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Michael P. W. Grocott
- Perioperative and Critical Care Medicine Theme, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton/University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (A.B.); (M.A.W.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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10
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Kalan RE, Smith A, Mason TB, Smith KE. Independent associations of food addiction and binge eating measures with real-time eating behaviors and contextual factors: An exploratory ecological momentary assessment study. Appetite 2024; 192:107127. [PMID: 37980955 PMCID: PMC10843748 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Food addiction (FA) is a concept centered around the addictive potential of highly palatable processed foods, though there is debate over the discriminative validity of FA as a distinct construct from binge-eating symptomatology. This study explored how trait measures of FA and binge-eating symptoms independently and interactively predicted eating behaviors and posited correlates of FA and binge eating measured via ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Adult participants (N = 49) who met the criteria for FA and/or binge-eating disorder completed baseline measures of FA (Yale Food Addiction Scale [YFAS 2.0]) and binge-eating symptoms (Eating Pathology Symptom Inventory [EPSI] binge eating scale) followed by a 10-day EMA protocol. Generalized linear mixed models examined the independent effects of YFAS 2.0, EPSI, and their interaction predicting EMA outcomes. Higher YFAS 2.0 symptom count scores were uniquely related to greater EMA-measured overeating, loss of control eating, negative and positive affect, and impulsivity when controlling for EPSI scores. Conversely, higher EPSI scores were uniquely related to greater EMA-measured eagerness and urge to eat, and expectancies that eating would improve mood. No interaction effects were significant. These results highlight potential distinctions between phenomena captured by FA and other measures of binge eating, in that FA symptoms may be a marker of heightened binge-eating severity, emotional arousal, and impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Kalan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexandro Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tyler B Mason
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn E Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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11
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Barnhart WR, Cui T, Cui S, Ren Y, Ji F, He J. Exploring the prospective relationships between food addiction symptoms, weight bias internalization, and psychological distress in Chinese adolescents. Int J Eat Disord 2023; 56:2304-2314. [PMID: 37772767 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Relationships exist between food addiction symptoms, weight bias internalization, and psychological distress, yet previous research is primarily cross-sectional with adults from Western contexts. We examined the prospective relationships between food addiction symptoms, weight bias internalization, and psychological distress in Chinese adolescents. METHODS Over three time points (Time 1, baseline; Time 2, 6-months; Time 3, 12-months) spanning 1 year, we examined cross-sectional and bi-directional relationships between food addiction symptoms, weight bias internalization, and psychological distress in Chinese adolescents (N = 589; aged 14-18 years at baseline). Pearson correlations and cross-lagged models examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between food addiction symptoms, weight bias internalization, and psychological distress. RESULTS Cross-sectional correlations suggested positive relationships between food addiction symptoms, weight bias internalization, and psychological distress at each time point. Regarding bi-directional relationships, higher psychological distress was associated with both higher weight bias internalization and higher food addiction symptoms at the following time points. However, food addiction symptoms and weight bias internalization were not prospectively associated. Time 2 psychological distress did not significantly mediate the relationship between Time 1 weight bias internalization and Time 3 food addiction symptoms. DISCUSSION Findings suggest no direct longitudinal link between food addiction symptoms and weight bias internalization and vice versa. However, findings do suggest that psychological distress is temporally associated with higher food addiction symptoms and weight bias internalization in Chinese adolescents. Targeting psychological distress may prove useful in treatments of food addiction symptoms and weight bias internalization in Chinese adolescents. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE Positive associations exist between food addiction symptoms, weight bias internalization, and psychological distress, but findings are largely cross-sectional and bound to adult populations from Western contexts. Using a longitudinal design in Chinese adolescents, findings suggested that baseline psychological distress was associated with higher food addiction symptoms and higher weight bias internalization at follow-up time points. Treatments targeting psychological distress may be helpful in reducing food addiction symptoms and weight bias internalization in Chinese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley R Barnhart
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
| | - Tianxiang Cui
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Shuqi Cui
- School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaoxiang Ren
- School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Ji
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jinbo He
- School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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12
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Téllez-Rodríguez MA, Amaya-Hernández A, Ortega-Luyando M, Serrano-Juárez CA, Yáñez-Téllez G, López-Alonso VE, Mancilla-Diaz JM, Escartín-Pérez RE. Exploratory study of the prevalence of food addiction and its relationship with executive functioning, depression, and reinforcement sensitivity in a sample of Mexican adults. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1277681. [PMID: 38106896 PMCID: PMC10722417 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1277681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The study of food addiction (FA) has become relevant due to its high prevalence, the negative impact on quality of life, and its association with neuropsychological and psychiatric symptoms. Several studies have provided scientific support for these associations, however, the results are contradictory. Additionally, studies have unsuccessfully elucidated the true nature of the failures in executive functioning in people with FA symptomatology, particularly when it comes to executive deficits. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to establish whether the presence of executive dysfunction, depressive symptoms and binge eating problems, as well as high reward sensitivity entails a greater severity in FA traits and high body mass index (BMI) in a sample of Mexican adults. Methods The sample consisted of Mexican men and women between 21-59 years (n = 36); who completed self-report questionnaires and performance tests to measure the study variables. Additionally, BMI was estimated with self-reported height and weight. Results Our results showed that a high number of FA symptoms were associated with higher executive dysfunction scores, greater reward sensitivity, and more severe depressive and binge eating problems. Furthermore, factors that are more strongly associated with higher scores of FA include severe executive deficits, greater activation of the punishment avoidance system, and persistence in the search for reward when the depressive symptoms increased. The factors that best explained changes in the estimated BMI of women were a decreased crystallized intellectual capacity and the inability to control food intake as the number of FA symptoms increased. Discussion In summary, the cognitive functioning profile characterized by general failure of the executive functioning, as well as a greater activation of the Punishment Avoidance System and persistence in the search for reward, were associated with greater severity of FA symptoms, especially when the depressive symptomatology was severe. In parallel, the psychopathology in participants associated with FA confirms the contribution of anxious and depressive symptomatology and borderline personality traits which could facilitate the expression of clinically relevant FA symptoms in women. Finally, we found that decreased crystallized intellectual capacity and inability to control food intake were linked to higher BMI when the number of FA symptoms increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marybeth Alejandra Téllez-Rodríguez
- Programa de Maestría en Psicología, División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Residencia en Neuropsicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Adriana Amaya-Hernández
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Nutrition Research Group, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Mayaro Ortega-Luyando
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Nutrition Research Group, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Carlos Alberto Serrano-Juárez
- Programa de Maestría en Psicología, División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Residencia en Neuropsicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Guillermina Yáñez-Téllez
- Programa de Maestría en Psicología, División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Residencia en Neuropsicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Verónica Elsa López-Alonso
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Nutrition Research Group, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Laboratory of Neurobiology of Eating, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Juan Manuel Mancilla-Diaz
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Nutrition Research Group, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Laboratory of Neurobiology of Eating, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Erick Escartín-Pérez
- Programa de Maestría en Psicología, División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Residencia en Neuropsicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Nutrition Research Group, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Laboratory of Neurobiology of Eating, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
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Collins RA, Duncanson K, Skinner JA, Hay PJ, Paxton SJ, Burrows TL. Exploring Psychological Constructs in People Receiving Treatment for Addictive Eating Behaviours: "I Hate Loving Food as Much as I Do". Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:817. [PMID: 37887467 PMCID: PMC10604454 DOI: 10.3390/bs13100817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Research into the complexities of addictive eating behaviours continues to develop, as a deeper understanding of this construct beyond self-report diagnostic tools emerges. In this study, we undertook structured interviews with 40 participants engaged in a personality-based management program for addictive eating, to gain insight into what situations lead people with addictive eating behaviours to overeat, and how they believe their lives would be different if they had control over their eating. A phenomenological analysis to explore compulsion and control in the context of food experiences for participants was used to construct two main themes of the addictive eating paradox and striving to transition from 'other' to 'normal'. The addictive eating paradox identified multiple contradictory experiences of a situation, e.g., 'loving food' but 'hating food'. Striving to transition from 'other' to 'normal' encompassed the idea that participants envisaged that by gaining control over their eating they could become 'normal'. This study emphasises the need to provide support and strategies to help people navigate paradoxical thoughts and presents new ideas to increase the effectiveness of interventions for individuals struggling with the complex self-beliefs held by those with addictive eating behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Collins
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (J.A.S.); (T.L.B.)
- Food & Nutrition Program, New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia;
| | - Kerith Duncanson
- Food & Nutrition Program, New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia;
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Janelle A. Skinner
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (J.A.S.); (T.L.B.)
- Food & Nutrition Program, New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia;
| | - Phillipa J. Hay
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2560, Australia;
- Campbelltown Hospital, South West Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Susan J. Paxton
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia;
| | - Tracy L. Burrows
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (J.A.S.); (T.L.B.)
- Food & Nutrition Program, New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia;
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Kabasakal Cetin A. Chronotype is associated with addiction-like eating behavior, mindful eating and ultra-processed food intake among undergraduate students. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:1435-1443. [PMID: 37818640 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2267677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationships between chronotype and addiction-like eating behavior, mindful eating and ultra-processed food consumption among undergraduate students. Specific and validated scales were used in order to evaluate chronotype, addiction-like eating behavior and mindful eating (N = 605). Dietary intake was determined by food frequency questionnaire and percentage energy from ultra-processed food was calculated. Self-reported weights and heights were obtained from the participants. Mean scores of scales, social jetlag, energy intake, ultra-processed food intake and BMI were compared by chronotypes. Associations between chronotype, addiction-like eating behavior, mindful eating, ultra-processed food consumption and BMI were determined by Pearson's test. The relationships between chronotype and addiction-like eating behavior, mindful eating and ultra-processed food intake were assessed by linear regression models and adjusted for sex, BMI, energy intake, season, smoking and alcohol consumption. Evening-type participants had higher scores of social jetlag (2.01 ± 0.09), appetitive drive (26.02 ± 0.63), low dietary control (20.50 ± 0.41), addiction-like eating behavior (46.52 ± 0.85), lower scores of recognition (21.91 ± 0.43) and higher percentage energy from ultra-processed food (32.24 ± 1.26%). Chronotype score showed negative associations with addiction like eating behavior (β=-0.247, p < 0.001) and ultra-processed food consumption (β=-0.247, p < 0.001), and a positive association with recognition (β = 0.124, p < 0.001). Results suggest that chronotype is inversely associated with addiction-like eating behavior and ultra-processed food consumption, and positively associated with mindful eating among undergraduate students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Kabasakal Cetin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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15
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Rivera-Mateos M, Ramos-Lopez O. Prevalence of food addiction and its association with lifestyle factors in undergraduate students from Northwest Mexico. J Addict Dis 2023; 41:308-316. [PMID: 36005830 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2022.2116252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of food addiction (FA) in undergraduate students from Northwest Mexico and to examine its association with lifestyle factors, eating behaviors and food consumption.Methods: This cross-sectional study included a total of 326 undergraduate students, both sexes, between 18 and 25 years of age, who were enrolled in a bachelor's degree program at a public or private university in the city of Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. FA was assessed using the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale Version 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0). Lifestyle (sleep patterns, physical exercise, alcohol intake, and smoking) and nutritional information (eating behaviors and food frequency consumption) was obtained through a clinical history. A multivariate logistic regression model was fitted to assess the factors associated with FA.Results: The whole prevalence of FA was 12.9%. In general, mild FA was the most frequent (5.2%), followed by severe (4.3%) and moderate (3.4%) categories. In the multivariate model, insomnia conferred a higher risk for FA (OR = 2.08, 95% CI, 1.04-4.17, p = 0.040), while the habitual consumption of fruits showed a protective effect (OR = 0.50, 95% CI, 0.25-0.98, p = 0.046). Overall, the model predicted FA in 12% (R2=0.12, p = 0.011).Conclusion: The prevalence of FA is 12.9% among undergraduate students from Northwest Mexico. Although caution should be exercised, insomnia seems to increase the risk of FA, while the habitual consumption of fruits appears to have a protective role. Additional studies are needed to validate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Rivera-Mateos
- Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana, Mexico
| | - Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana, Mexico
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Sun S, Nardi W, Murphy M, Scott T, Saadeh F, Roy A, Brewer J. Mindfulness-Based Mobile Health to Address Unhealthy Eating Among Middle-Aged Sexual Minority Women With Early Life Adversity: Mixed Methods Feasibility Trial. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e46310. [PMID: 37751273 PMCID: PMC10565623 DOI: 10.2196/46310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual minority women (lesbian, gay, bisexual, pansexual, queer, and other nonheterosexual women) remain considerably underrepresented in health research despite being at a higher risk for diabetes and obesity as well as stigma and psychological distress than their heterosexual peers. In addition, early life adversity (ELA) is prevalent among sexual minority women, which further increases risks for obesity, psychological distress, and poor cardiovascular health. App-based mindfulness interventions are potentially promising for this group in mitigating the adverse health effects of ELA, reducing food craving and unhealthy eating, addressing the risks associated with obesity. OBJECTIVE This mixed methods feasibility trial aimed to test a mindfulness-based mobile health approach for middle-aged sexual minority women (aged 30-55 years) with ELA and overweight or obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) to improve health outcomes. METHODS The single-arm trial was advertised on social media and various lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer web-based groups. At baseline, after the intervention (2 months), and at the 4-month follow-up, participants completed assessments of primary outcomes (food craving, emotional eating, and weight via a mailed scale) and secondary outcomes (depression, anxiety, mindfulness, and emotion dysregulation). A standardized weight measure was mailed to participants for weight reporting. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed after the intervention via surveys and semistructured exit interviews. RESULTS We screened 442 individuals, among which 30 eligible sexual minority women (mean age 40.20, SD 7.15 years) from various US regions were enrolled in the study. At baseline, 86% (26/30) and 80% (24/30) of participants had elevated depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Among the 30 enrolled participants, 20 (66%) completed all intervention modules, 25 (83%) were retained at the 2-month follow-up, and 20 (66%) were retained at the 4-month follow-up. None reported adverse effects. From baseline to the 4-month follow-up, large effects were found in food craving (Cohen d=1.64) and reward-based eating (Cohen d=1.56), whereas small effects were found with weight (Cohen d=0.20; 4.21 kg on average). Significant improvements were also found in the secondary outcomes (depression, Cohen d=0.98; anxiety, Cohen d=0.50; mindfulness, Cohen d=0.49; and emotion dysregulation, Cohen d=0.44; all P<.05). Participants with higher levels of parental verbal and emotional abuse were particularly responsive to the intervention. Participants reported that the program aligned with their goals and expectations, was easy to use, and facilitated changes in eating behavior and mental health. Barriers to engagement included the need for diverse teachers, individualized support, and body positive language. CONCLUSIONS This early phase feasibility trial provides proof-of-concept support for a mindfulness mobile health approach to improve obesity-related outcomes among sexual minority women and warrants a larger randomized controlled trial in the future. The findings also suggest the need to address trauma and psychological health when addressing weight-related outcomes among sexual minority women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Sun
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Mindfulness Center at Brown, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - William Nardi
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Mindfulness Center at Brown, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Matthew Murphy
- School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Ty Scott
- School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Frances Saadeh
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Mindfulness Center at Brown, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Alexandra Roy
- Mindfulness Center at Brown, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Judson Brewer
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Mindfulness Center at Brown, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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Bellitti JS, Fazzino TL. Discounting of Hyper-Palatable Food and Money: Associations with Food Addiction Symptoms. Nutrients 2023; 15:4008. [PMID: 37764791 PMCID: PMC10536694 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Delay discounting (DD), the tendency to prefer small, immediate rewards over larger, delayed rewards, is associated with health-risk behaviors. The study examined associations between DD for money and hyper-palatable foods (HPF) with food addiction (FA) symptoms among a general population sample. METHODS Participants (N = 296) completed an adjusting DD task that consisted of a single-commodity condition with HPF as the reward (HPF now vs. HPF later) and cross-commodity conditions comparing money and HPF (money now vs. HPF later; HPF now vs. money later). The Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 was used to assess FA symptoms. Zero-inflated negative binomial regression models tested whether discounting of HPF and money was associated with FA symptoms. RESULTS Findings indicated there were no significant associations between DD and FA symptoms in the single-commodity HPF condition (logit: OR = 1.02, p-value = 0.650; count: IRR = 1.04, p-value = 0.515). There were no significant associations among cross-commodity conditions comparing money now vs. HPF later (logit: OR = 0.96, p-value = 0.330; count: IRR = 1.02, p-value = 0.729) or conditions comparing HPF now vs. money later (logit: OR = 1.02, p-value = 0.682; count: IRR = 0.92, p-value = 0.128) and FA symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Discounting HPF may not be a key behavioral feature among individuals who endorse FA symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S. Bellitti
- Department of Psychology, The University of Kansas, Fraser Hall, 1415 Jayhawk Blvd., Lawrence, KS 66045, USA;
- Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, 1000 Sunnyside Ave, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Tera L. Fazzino
- Department of Psychology, The University of Kansas, Fraser Hall, 1415 Jayhawk Blvd., Lawrence, KS 66045, USA;
- Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, 1000 Sunnyside Ave, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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Smout S, Gardner LA, Champion KE, Osman B, Kihas I, Thornton L, Teesson M, Newton NC, Burrows T. Prevalence and correlates of addictive eating behaviours in a large cohort of Australian adolescents. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2023; 57:1172-1183. [PMID: 37036104 PMCID: PMC10363940 DOI: 10.1177/00048674231165201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research shows highly palatable foods can elicit addictive eating behaviours or 'food addiction'. Early adolescence is theorised to be a vulnerable period for the onset of addictive eating behaviours, yet minimal research has examined this. This study explored the prevalence and correlates of addictive eating behaviours in a large early adolescent sample. METHODS 6640 Australian adolescents (Mage = 12.7 ± 0.5, 49%F) completed an online survey. Addictive eating was measured with the Child Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS-C). Negative-binomial generalised linear models examined associations between addictive eating symptoms and high psychological distress, energy drink consumption, sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption, alcohol use, and cigarette use. RESULTS Mean YFAS-C symptom criteria count was 1.36 ± 1.47 (of 7). 18.3% of participants met 3+ symptoms, 7.5% endorsed impairment and 5.3% met the diagnostic threshold for food addiction. All examined behavioural and mental health variables were significantly associated with addictive eating symptoms. Effects were largest for high psychological distress and cigarette use; with those exhibiting high psychological distress meeting 0.65 more criteria (95%CI = 0.58-0.72, p < 0.001) and those who smoked a cigarette meeting 0.51 more criteria (95%CI = 0.26-0.76, p < 0.001). High psychological distress and consumption of SSB and energy drinks remained significant when modelling all predictors together. CONCLUSION In this large adolescent study, addictive eating symptoms were common. Further research should establish directionality and causal mechanisms behind the association between mental ill-health, alcohol and tobacco use, and addictive eating behaviours. Cross-disciplinary prevention initiatives that address shared underlying risk factors for addictive eating and mental ill-health may offer efficient yet substantial public health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scarlett Smout
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, Australia
| | - Lauren A Gardner
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, Australia
| | - Katrina E Champion
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, Australia
| | - Bridie Osman
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, Australia
| | - Ivana Kihas
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, Australia
| | - Louise Thornton
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Maree Teesson
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicola C Newton
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, Australia
| | - Tracy Burrows
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Stein SF, Rios JM, Gearhardt AN, Nuttall AK, Riley HO, Kaciroti N, Rosenblum KL, Lumeng JC, Miller AL. Food addiction and dietary restraint in postpartum women: The role of childhood trauma exposure and postpartum depression. Appetite 2023; 187:106589. [PMID: 37146651 PMCID: PMC11079996 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The early postpartum period is a sensitive time for understanding women's high-risk eating (i.e., eating behavior associated with negative health outcomes) given potential long-term eating behavior implications for infants. Food addiction and dietary restraint are two high-risk eating phenotypes associated with long-term negative health outcomes that have been theoretically linked. Yet, no research has considered how much these constructs overlap during the early postpartum period. The present study sought to characterize these two high-risk eating phenotypes in postpartum women to examine whether these are distinct constructs with specific etiologies and to inform future targets of intervention. Women (N = 277) in the early postpartum period reported on high-risk eating, childhood trauma exposure, depression symptoms, and pre-pregnancy weight. Women's height was measured and pre-pregnancy BMI was calculated. We conducted bivariate correlations and path analysis to characterize the relationship between food addiction and dietary restraint, controlling for pre-pregnancy BMI. Results showed that food addiction and dietary restraint were not significantly associated and that women's childhood trauma exposure and postpartum depression were associated with food addiction but not dietary restraint. Sequential mediation revealed that higher levels of childhood trauma exposure were associated with worse postpartum depression and, in turn, greater food addiction during the early postpartum period. Findings suggest that food addiction and dietary restraint have distinct psychosocial predictors and etiological pathways, which suggests important construct validity differences between the two high-risk eating phenotypes. Interventions seeking to address food addiction in postpartum women and mitigate the impact of this high-risk eating phenotype on the next generation may benefit from treating postpartum depression, especially in women with histories of childhood trauma exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara F Stein
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; School of Social Work, University of Michigan, 1080 S. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Julia M Rios
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan College of Literature, Science and the Arts, 530 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ashley N Gearhardt
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan College of Literature, Science and the Arts, 530 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Amy K Nuttall
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, 552 West Circle Drive, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Hurley O Riley
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Niko Kaciroti
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Katherine L Rosenblum
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan Medicine, 4250 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Julie C Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, 1522 Simpson Rd. East., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Alison L Miller
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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20
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Hoover LV, Yu HP, Duval ER, Gearhardt AN. Investigating gender differences in the co-occurrence of PTSD and food addiction. Appetite 2023; 187:106605. [PMID: 37236363 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) commonly co-occurs with substance use disorders (SUDs). Past studies suggest PTSD is also associated with food addiction (compulsive intake of highly processed foods containing refined carbohydrates and/or added fat). However, research investigating gender differences has been limited (e.g., restricted samples) and mixed. We aim to investigate the risk of co-occurring PTSD and food addiction in a community sample for all participants and stratified by gender. Additionally, we conducted risk ratios for problematic substance use and obesity to allow for within-sample comparisons. METHOD We utilized a sample of 318 participants recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk (mean age = 41.2, 47.8% men, 78.0% white) to address existing gaps in the literature on PTSD and food addiction. We calculated risk ratios (adjusted for sociodemographic covariates) using modified Poisson regression with 95% confidence intervals. Results were also gender stratified. RESULTS Risk of food addiction (Risk Ratio (RR) = 6.42, 95% CI [4.10, 10.07], problematic alcohol use (RR) = 3.86, 95% CI [2.25,6.62], problematic smoking (RR) = 3.93, 95% CI [2.22, 6.97], and problematic nicotine vaping (RR) = 5.41, 95% CI [2.41, 11.14] were higher for those meeting criteria for PTSD. Risk of problematic cannabis use, and risk of obesity were not significantly higher for those meeting criteria for PTSD. Gender-stratified results suggest risk of food addiction may be higher for men (RR) = 8.54, 95% CI [4.49, 16.25] compared to women (RR) = 4.32, 95% CI [2.16, 8.62]. DISCUSSION Food addiction, but not obesity, appears to co-occur with PTSD more strongly than other types of problematic substance use (alcohol, cannabis, cigarettes, nicotine vaping). This risk appears to be particularly high for men compared to women. Assessing for food addiction in those with PTSD, particularly in men, may assist in identifying high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindzey V Hoover
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
| | - Hayley P Yu
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Duval
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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Wittekind DA, Kratzsch J, Mergl R, Baber R, Wirkner K, Schroeter ML, Witte AV, Villringer A, Kluge M. Leptin, but not ghrelin, is associated with food addiction scores in a population-based subject sample. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1200021. [PMID: 37559914 PMCID: PMC10407557 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1200021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ghrelin and leptin are both peptide hormones and act as opposing players in the regulation of hunger, satiety and energy expenditure. Leptin reduces appetite and feelings of hunger and is secreted mainly by adipocytes, while ghrelin increases appetite and food intake and reduces metabolic rate. Both hormones have been implicated in addictive disorders. Ghrelin was shown to have pro-addictive effects while leptin's role in addiction yields more conflicting results. Their involvement in the regulation of both food intake and addictive behaviors make them interesting candidates when investigating the regulation of food addiction. However, only few human studies have been performed and large-scale studies are lacking to date. We aimed to investigate the association between total ghrelin and leptin serum levels with scores in the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS). METHODS Subjects were recruited in the LIFE Adult cohort. 909 subjects were included in the analysis and we performed univariate multiple linear regression models, adjusted for age, sex (in total group analyses only), alcohol consumption, smoking status, BMI scores, cortisol concentrations, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) sum scores. The dependent variable was the YFAS score. RESULTS In men, leptin serum levels showed a significant positive association (standardized β = 0.146; p = 0.012) with the YFAS score. This finding was confirmed in an extreme-group comparison: men in the highest quartile of leptin levels had significantly higher YFAS sum scores than men in the lowest quartile (1.55 vs. 1.18; p = 0.00014). There was no association with YFAS sum score in the total group (standardized β = -0.002; p = 0.974) or in women (standardized β = -0.034; p = 0.674). Total serum ghrelin showed no association with YFAS sum score neither in the total group (standardized β = -0.043; p = 0.196) nor in men (n = 530; standardized β = -0.063; p = 0.135) or women (n = 379; standardized β = -0.035; p = 0.494). CONCLUSION Our findings are in line with previous literature and suggest that total ghrelin serum levels are not associated with food addiction scores. Leptin had been previously shown to be associated with food addiction and we confirmed this finding for men in a large, population-based approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Alexander Wittekind
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kratzsch
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Roland Mergl
- Institute of Psychology, University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Ronny Baber
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wirkner
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias L. Schroeter
- Department of Neurology, Clinic of Cognitive Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A. Veronica Witte
- Department of Neurology, Clinic of Cognitive Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Clinic of Cognitive Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Kluge
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf-Virchow-Klinikum Glauchau, Glauchau, Germany
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22
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Römer SS, Bliokas V, Teo JT, Thomas SJ. Food addiction, hormones and blood biomarkers in humans: A systematic literature review. Appetite 2023; 183:106475. [PMID: 36716820 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food addiction may play a role in rising obesity rates in connection with obesogenic environments and processed food availability, however the concept of food addiction remains controversial. While animal studies show evidence for addictive processes in relation to processed foods, most human studies are psychologically focussed and there is a need to better understand evidence for biological mechanisms of food addiction in humans. Several key hormones are implicated in models of food addiction, due to their key roles in feeding, energy metabolism, stress and addictive behaviours. This systematic literature review examines evidence for relationships between food addiction, hormones and other blood biomarkers. METHODS A series of literature searches was performed in Scopus, PsychInfo, MedLine, ProQuest, CINAHL and Web of Science. A total of 3111 articles were found, of which 1045 were duplicates. Articles were included if they contained a psychometric measurement of food addiction, such as the Yale Food Addiction Scale, as well as addressed the association between FA and hormones or blood biomarkers in humans. Articles were assessed for eligibility by two independent reviewers. RESULTS Sixteen studies were identified that examined relationships between food addiction and blood biomarkers, published between 2015 and 2021. Significant findings were reported for leptin, ghrelin, cortisol, insulin and glucose, oxytocin, cholesterol, plasma dopamine, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), triglyceride (TG), amylin, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF- α) and cholecystokinin (CCK). Methodological issues included small sample sizes and variation in obesity status, sex and mental health-related comorbidities. Due to methodological limitations, definite connections between FA, hormones and other blood biomarkers cannot yet be determined. CONCLUSION This systematic review identified preliminary evidence linking FA symptoms to hormones and other blood biomarkers related to feeding, addiction, and stress. However, due to the small number of studies and methodological limitations, further research is needed to evaluate biopsychosocial models of FA and to resolve controversies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Sophie Römer
- School of Psychology, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Australia.
| | - Vida Bliokas
- School of Psychology, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, 2522, Australia.
| | - Jillian Terese Teo
- School of Psychology, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Australia.
| | - Susan J Thomas
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, 2522, Australia; Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Australia.
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23
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Huang PC, Latner JD, O'Brien KS, Chang YL, Hung CH, Chen JS, Lee KH, Lin CY. Associations between social media addiction, psychological distress, and food addiction among Taiwanese university students. J Eat Disord 2023; 11:43. [PMID: 36945011 PMCID: PMC10031987 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-023-00769-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide, 60% of people use social media. Excessive and/or addictive use of social media termed "problematic social media use", has been reported to negatively influence psychological and physiological health. Therefore, we proposed an illustrated model to investigate the associations between social media addiction, psychological distress and food addiction among Taiwanese university students. METHODS A total of 598 participants (mean age = 22.8 years) completed an online survey comprising the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) assessing social media addiction, the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) assessing psychological distress, and the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS 2.0) assessing food addiction. RESULTS Structural equation modeling showed the significant associations between BSMAS and DASS-21 (standardized coefficient [β] = 0.45; p < 0.01) and between DASS-21 and YFAS 2.0 (β = 0.43; p < 0.01). In addition, mediation effect with 100 bootstrapping samples showed the indirect effect of DASS-21 in the association between BSMAS and YFAS 2.0 CONCLUSIONS: The present study details the relationships between social media addiction and psychological distress as well as food addiction. The results suggest the need for interventions aimed at reducing these negative outcomes. Coping strategies for improving self-control or reducing weight-related stigma, such as food consumption monitoring or mindfulness, could be adopted for at-risk individuals to address these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ching Huang
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401, Taiwan
| | - Janet D Latner
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2500 Campus Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Kerry S O'Brien
- School of Social Sciences, Monash University, 20 Chancellors Walk, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Yen-Ling Chang
- Department of Family Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, No. 362, Zhongzheng Rd., Xindian Dist., New Taipei, 231009, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsia Hung
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., 701401, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No.1, Yida Rd, Yanchao District, 824005, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsin Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No.1, Yida Rd., Yanchao Dist., 840301, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, No.8, Yida Rd., Yanchao Dist., 824005, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401, Taiwan.
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401, Taiwan.
- Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401, Taiwan.
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401, Taiwan.
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Legendre M, Bégin C. Group therapy to reduce maladaptive eating behaviors in people with overweight or obesity: Does food addiction impact the treatment response? Eat Behav 2023; 49:101720. [PMID: 36931049 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given that the presence of food addiction worsens the clinical portrait in people with overweight or obesity, it could also impact the treatment response. The objective was to explore the moderating effect of baseline food addiction (FA) on the treatment response. The associations between changes in FA symptoms and other maladaptive eating behaviors were also examined. METHODS Sixty adults with overweight or obesity were recruited and took part in a 12-session group therapy for compulsive eating. They completed questionnaires on FA and three treatment outcomes (binge eating, grazing, and depressive symptoms). Participants were split into two groups according to their number of baseline FA symptoms (no/mild FA vs. moderate/severe FA) and were compared on all outcomes at four measurement points (baseline, mid-treatment, post-treatment, and 6-month follow-up). Correlations between changes in FA symptoms and all three outcomes from pre- to post-treatment were performed. RESULTS Group and treatment effects were significant for binge eating and grazing but not for depressive symptoms. Interaction effects were not significant for the three outcomes. The reduction in FA symptoms from pre- to post-treatment was positively associated with the reduction in binge eating (r = 0.49) and grazing (r = 0.55). CONCLUSIONS People with moderate/severe FA maintained higher maladaptive eating behaviors than people with no/mild FA from the beginning to the end of the treatment. Progression through treatment followed the same pattern for both groups, suggesting that baseline FA did not have a moderating effect. People with moderate/severe FA would likely benefit from a longer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Legendre
- School of Psychology, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, 2325, rue des Bibliothèques, Laval University, Quebec G1V 0A6, QC, Canada.
| | - Catherine Bégin
- School of Psychology, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, 2325, rue des Bibliothèques, Laval University, Quebec G1V 0A6, QC, Canada.
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25
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Dissociative experiences of compartmentalization are associated with food addiction symptoms: results from a cross-sectional report. Eat Weight Disord 2023; 28:28. [PMID: 36867281 PMCID: PMC9984353 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01555-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies have shown significant associations of dissociative symptoms with both eating and addictive disorders; however, the different forms of dissociation have been relatively understudied in relation to food addiction (FA). The main aim of this study was to investigate the association of certain forms of dissociative experiences (i.e., absorption, detachment and compartmentalization) with FA symptoms in a nonclinical sample. METHODS Participants (N = 755; 543 women; age range: 18-65; mean age: 28.22 ± 9.99 years) were evaluated using self-report measures of FA, dissociation, eating disturbances, and general psychopathology. RESULTS Compartmentalization experiences (defined as pathological over-segregation of higher mental functions) were independently associated with FA symptoms (β = 0.174; p = 0.013; CI = [0.008; 0.064]) even when confounding factors were controlled for. CONCLUSION This finding suggests that compartmentalization symptoms can have a role in the conceptualization of FA, with such two phenomena possibly sharing common pathogenic processes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Li M, Dahmani L, Hubbard CS, Hu Y, Wang M, Wang D, Liu H. Individualized functional connectome identified generalizable biomarkers for psychiatric symptoms in transdiagnostic patients. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:633-641. [PMID: 36402836 PMCID: PMC9938230 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01500-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Substantial clinical heterogeneity and comorbidity inherent amongst mental disorders limit the identification of neuroimaging biomarkers that can reliably track clinical symptoms. Strategies that enable generation of meaningful and replicable neurobiological markers at the individual level will push the field of neuropsychiatry forward in developing efficacious personalized treatment. The current study included 142 adult patients with a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar (BP), or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and 67 patient ratings across four behavioral measures. Using functional connectivity derived from a personalized fMRI approach, we identified several candidate imaging markers related to dimensional phenotypes across disorders, assessed the internal and external generalizability of these markers, and compared the probability of replicating findings across datasets using individual and group-averaged defined functional regions. We identified subject-specific connections related to three different clinical domains (attention deficit, appetite-energy, psychosis-positive) in a discovery dataset. Importantly, these connectivity biomarkers were robust and were reproduced in an independent validation dataset. For markers related to neurovegetative symptoms (attention deficit, appetite-energy symptoms), the brain connections involved showed similar connectivity patterns across the different diagnoses. However, psychosis-positive symptoms were associated with connections of varying strength across disorders. Finally, we found that markers for symptom domains were replicable for individually-specified connections, but not for group template-derived connections. Our personalized strategies allowed us to identify meaningful and generalizable imaging markers for symptom domains in patients who exhibit high levels of heterogeneity. These biomarkers may shed new light on the connectivity underpinnings of psychiatric symptoms and lead to personalized interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louisa Dahmani
- Department of Medical Imaging, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital & Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Catherine S Hubbard
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Yongbo Hu
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Meiyun Wang
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China.
- Department of Medical Imaging, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital & Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Danhong Wang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Hesheng Liu
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China.
- Peking University, Beijing, China.
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27
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The phenomenon of abnormal eating and taste perception: What’s the link in subjects with obesity and eating disorders? Food Qual Prefer 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2022.104744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Criscuolo M, Cinelli G, Croci I, Chianello I, Caramadre AM, Tozzi AE, Zanna V. Psychopathological Profile Associated with Food Addiction Symptoms in Adolescents with Eating Disorders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3014. [PMID: 36833707 PMCID: PMC9960227 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Eating disorders are considered one of the psychiatric disorders with a higher risk of death. Food addiction, related to some food addictive-like behaviours, is often in comorbidity with eating disorders and is associated with worse psychopathology. The present study aims to outline the food addiction profile, investigated using the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS 2.0), in 122 adolescents (median age: 15.6 years) suffering from eating disorders and to investigate its association with psychopathology. Patients filled out the Youth Self Report, the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children 2, The Children Depression Inventory 2, and the Eating Disorder Inventory 3 (EDI-3). Pearson's chi-square test and multiple correspondence analysis were used to identify profiles. The mean symptom count was 2.8 ± 2.7. The "withdrawal" symptom was the most frequent (51%) and the most associated with clinical scores. The diagnosis of bulimia nervosa and the EDI-3 bulimia scale resulted to be the only variables to be associated with positive YFAS 2.0 symptoms. Conversely, anorexia nervosa, restrictive and atypical, was not associated with YFAS 2.0 symptoms. In conclusion, outlining the food addiction profile of eating disorders may give information about a patient's phenotype and could help to identify specific treatment models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Criscuolo
- Anorexia Nervosa and Eating Disorder Unit, Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Cinelli
- Predictive and Preventive Medicine Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Ileana Croci
- Predictive and Preventive Medicine Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilenia Chianello
- Anorexia Nervosa and Eating Disorder Unit, Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Caramadre
- Anorexia Nervosa and Eating Disorder Unit, Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Eugenio Tozzi
- Predictive and Preventive Medicine Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Zanna
- Anorexia Nervosa and Eating Disorder Unit, Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
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de Melo Barros L, da Silva Júnior AE, Praxedes DRS, Monteiro MBL, de Lima Macena M, Bueno NB. Prevalence of food addiction determined by the Yale Food Addiction Scale in Latin America: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Int J Eat Disord 2023; 56:677-690. [PMID: 36722629 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Food addiction (FA) has been extensively investigated worldwide; however, the prevalence of FA in the Latin American population has yet to be established and past work has largely neglected the specificities of this region, that includes the most significant economic disparities in the world. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of FA measured by the Yale Food Addiction Scale in Latin America. METHOD The search was performed on MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, LILACS, IBECS, SciELO, PsycArticles, CENTRAL, and the gray literature. FA prevalence data were collected, and random effects meta-analyses were performed to calculate the overall weighted prevalence, the prevalence by country, and by clinical and non-clinical samples. RESULTS A total of 10,082 occurrences were identified through database searches, and 23 studies were included (Mexico = 9; Brazil = 7; Chile = 4; Argentina = 1; Peru = 1; Uruguay = 1). The prevalence of FA found in clinical samples was 38% (95% CI: 16%-63%; I2 = 98.67%; 8 studies), while in non-clinical samples, it was 15% (95% CI: 10%-21%; I2 = 98.51%; 15 studies). DISCUSSION The average prevalence of FA in the Latin American countries included here was in accordance with that reported in other regions worldwide. It is noteworthy that the studies were conducted only in six countries, which are among those with the highest income in the region and do not represent the situation in native populations or those with lower purchasing power. This gap in the data also reflects the effects of economic disparities on the availability of empirical data in the region. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE The prevalence of food addiction in Latin America was similar to that reported in other regions. It was higher among individuals with overweight, whether or not undergoing bariatric surgery, than in non-clinical samples. These findings contribute to aggregate information about this condition that has drawn the attention of clinicians and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila de Melo Barros
- Laboratório de Nutrição e Metabolismo (LANUM), Faculdade de Nutrição (FANUT), Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - André Eduardo da Silva Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maíra Barbosa Lobo Monteiro
- Laboratório de Nutrição e Metabolismo (LANUM), Faculdade de Nutrição (FANUT), Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Mateus de Lima Macena
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nassib Bezerra Bueno
- Laboratório de Nutrição e Metabolismo (LANUM), Faculdade de Nutrição (FANUT), Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Mueller-Stierlin AS, Peisser A, Cornet S, Jaeckle S, Lehle J, Moerkl S, Teasdale SB. Exploration of Perceived Determinants of Disordered Eating Behaviors in People with Mental Illness-A Qualitative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:442. [PMID: 36612764 PMCID: PMC9819820 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Disordered eating behaviors are common in people with a serious mental illness (SMI) such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. This study employed qualitative exploration to understand the perceived determinants of eating behaviors, in particular those connected to disordered eating patterns, in people with SMI. In total, 28 semi-structured interviews were conducted in a consecutive sample of people with SMI under treatment in local mental health services in Australia (n = 12), Germany (n = 8) and Austria (n = 8) (mean age: 43.3 years, proportion of female participants: 61%, proportion of participants with ICD-10 F2 diagnosis: 57%, proportion of participants with ICD-10 F3 diagnosis: 64%). A thematic analysis approach, the framework method, was applied using MAXQDA 2020. Three main themes of determinants were derived: (i) impacts to daily functioning, (ii) disrupted physical hunger cues and (iii) emotional hunger. For impacts to daily functioning, the following themes emerged: lack of daily structure, time and drive, and difficulty planning ahead. For physical hunger, themes emerged for disrupted hunger and satiety cues, and mindless eating. All motives listed in the Palatable Eating Motives Scale (PEMS), i.e., coping, reward, social and conformity, have been reported by participants to be drivers for their emotional eating behavior. Subsequent reported behaviors were eating too much or too little, binge eating, night eating and food cravings. We conclude that interprofessional approaches should target daily functioning, disrupted physical hunger cues and emotional eating to reduce disordered eating behaviors in people with SMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel S. Mueller-Stierlin
- Department of General Practice and Primary Care, Ulm University Hospital, 89070 Ulm, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, 89070 Ulm, Germany
| | - Anna Peisser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Sebastian Cornet
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, 89070 Ulm, Germany
| | - Selina Jaeckle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, 89070 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jutta Lehle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, 89070 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sabrina Moerkl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Scott B. Teasdale
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Mindgardens Neuroscience Network, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Rossi AA, Mannarini S, Castelnuovo G, Pietrabissa G. Disordered Eating Behaviors Related to Food Addiction/Eating Addiction in Inpatients with Obesity and the General Population: The Italian Version of the Addiction-like Eating Behaviors Scale (AEBS-IT). Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010104. [PMID: 36615762 PMCID: PMC9823792 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this research is to test the psychometric properties and factorial structure of the Addiction-like Eating Behaviors Scale (AEBS) in an Italian sample of adults with severe obesity seeking treatment for weight reduction and the general population, and to examine the measurement invariance of the tool by comparing a clinical and a nonclinical sample. METHODS A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was initially conducted to test the factorial structure of the Italian version of the AEBS (AEBS-IT) on a total of 953 participants. Following this, the measurement invariance and psychometric properties of the tool AEBS-IT were assessed on both inpatients with severe obesity (n = 502) and individuals from the general population (n = 451). Reliability and convergent validity analysis were also run. RESULTS CFA revealed a bi-factor structure for the AEBS-IT, which also showed good reliability and positive correlations with food addiction (through the mYFAS2.0 symptom count), binge-eating symptoms, compulsive eating behavior, and dysfunctional eating patterns and the individuals' body mass index (BMI). Moreover, the tool was invariant across populations. CONCLUSION This study provided evidence that the AEBS-IT is a valid and reliable measure of FA in both clinical and nonclinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Alberto Rossi
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Family Research, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefania Mannarini
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Family Research, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Ospedale San Giuseppe, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 28824 Verbania, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Giada Pietrabissa
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Ospedale San Giuseppe, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 28824 Verbania, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy
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Legendre M, Sabourin S, Bégin C. Childhood sexual abuse and food addiction severity in a clinical sample of individuals with overweight or obesity. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:3737-3742. [PMID: 35994206 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A higher risk of food addiction (FA) in individuals reporting childhood sexual abuse (CSA) has been well demonstrated with community samples, but studies including clinical samples failed to replicate this relation. This study examined, among individuals presenting eating and weight disorders, the risk of FA for those reporting CSA while considering the severity of CSA and other types of traumas. METHODS Participants (N = 187) completed a DSM-5 diagnosis assessment and questionnaires on LimeSurvey evaluating FA, interpersonal traumas, depressive level, body esteem, dieting/weight preoccupations, and body mass index (BMI). Logistic regressions were used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) of FA using interpersonal traumas as risk factors, and t tests were used to compare individuals with FA and CSA and those with FA without CSA. RESULTS Of all interpersonal traumas, CSA was associated with the highest risk of FA, with ORs of 1.73 (p = 0.094) and 2.07 (p = 0.034). The relationship with the abuser, the type of sexual abuse and the number of abuses were significant or marginally significant risk factors, with ORs ranging from 1.26 to 1.50. Finally, no significant difference was found between FA with CSA and FA without CSA. CONCLUSION Using a clinical sample, this study showed a higher risk of FA in individuals reporting CSA and provided evidence that the relationship with the abuser, the type of sexual abuse, and the number of abuses are relevant factors. Additionally, in individuals with FA, the presence or absence of CSA did not influence depressive level, body esteem, dieting/weight preoccupations, or BMI. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional, descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Legendre
- School of Psychology, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, Laval University, 2325, rue des Bibliothèques, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Stéphane Sabourin
- School of Psychology, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, Laval University, 2325, rue des Bibliothèques, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Catherine Bégin
- School of Psychology, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, Laval University, 2325, rue des Bibliothèques, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Socio-Demographic, Self-Control, Bullying, Parenting, and Sleep as Proximal Factors Associated with Food Addiction among Adolescents. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12120488. [PMID: 36546971 PMCID: PMC9774808 DOI: 10.3390/bs12120488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is considered an important period of neurodevelopment. It is a time for the emergence of psychosocial vulnerabilities, including symptoms of depression, eating disorders, and increased engagement in unhealthy eating behaviours. Food addiction (FA) in adolescents is an area of study where there has been substantial growth. However, to date, limited studies have considered what demographic characteristics of adolescents may predispose them to endorse greater symptoms of FA. Studies have found a variety of factors that often cluster with and may influence an adolescent's eating behaviour such as sleep, level of self-control, and parenting practices, as well as bullying. Therefore, this study investigated a range of socio-demographic, trait, mental health, and lifestyle-related profiles (including self-control, parenting, bullying, and sleep) as proximal factors associated with symptoms of FA, as assessed via the Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children (YFAS-C) in a large sample of Australian adolescents. Following data cleaning, the final analysed sample included 6587 students (age 12.9 years ± 0.39; range 10.9-14.9 years), with 50.05% identifying as male (n = 3297), 48.5% as female (n = 3195), 1.02% prefer not to say (n = 67), and 0.43% as non-binary (n = 28). Self-control was found to be the most significant predictor of total FA symptom score, followed by female gender, sleep quality, and being a victim of bullying. Universal prevention programs should therefore aim to address these factors to help reduce the prevalence or severity of FA symptoms within early adolescent populations.
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Saffari M, Fan CW, Chang YL, Huang PC, Tung SEH, Poon WC, Lin CC, Yang WC, Lin CY, Potenza MN. Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS 2.0) and modified YFAS 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0): Rasch analysis and differential item functioning. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:185. [PMID: 36443860 PMCID: PMC9703721 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00708-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food addiction (FA) is a prevalent concern that may manifest as poorly controlled food consumption and promote overweight/obesity. Thus, having a well-established instrument for assessment may facilitate better prevention and treatment. The current study investigated the psychometric properties of two common measures of FA (i.e., the Yale Food Addiction Scale [YFAS] 2.0 and its modified version, mYFAS 2.0) using a robust statistical analysis (Rasch model). METHODS In this cross-sectional study, the scales were sent to 974 students studying in higher education (60% females) in Taiwan through online media including email and social networks. Rasch modeling was used to assess dimensionality, difficulty level, and item misfit and hierarchy. Differential item functioning (DIF) was performed to examine consistency of the items across gender and weight status. RESULTS Rasch analysis indicated 3 items of the 35 items belonging to the YFAS 2.0 (8.6%) and none belonging to the mYFAS 2.0 were misfit. Unidimensionality and construct validity of both scales were supported by appropriate goodness-of-fit for diagnostic criteria. The person separation was 3.14 (reliability = 0.91) for the YFAS 2.0 and 2.17 (reliability = 0.82) for mYFAS 2.0, indicating the scales could distinguish participants into more than 3 strata. Only one substantial DIF was found for diagnostic criteria of "Failure to fulfill major role obligation" in the YFAS 2.0 across gender. CONCLUSION According to Rasch modeling, both the YFAS 2.0 and mYFAS 2.0 have acceptable construct validity in Chinese-speaking youth. Scoring methods using either diagnostic criteria or symptom counts for both the YFAS 2.0 and mYFAS 2.0 are supported by the present Rasch findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Saffari
- grid.411521.20000 0000 9975 294XHealth Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- grid.411521.20000 0000 9975 294XHealth Education Department, Faculty of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Chia-Wei Fan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, AdventHealth University, Orlando, FL USA
| | - Yen-Ling Chang
- grid.413400.20000 0004 1773 7121Department of Family Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ching Huang
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
| | - Serene En Hui Tung
- grid.411729.80000 0000 8946 5787Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000 Malaysia
| | - Wai Chuen Poon
- grid.430718.90000 0001 0585 5508Sunway Business School, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Chien-Ching Lin
- grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Division of Hematology and Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Yang
- Infinite Power, Lt. Co., No. 38, Yonghe 1st St., Renwu Dist., Kaohsiung, 814 Taiwan
- grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806Faculty of School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 824 Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Institute of Allied Health Sciences, Departments of Occupational Therapy and Public Health, and Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
- grid.414671.10000 0000 8938 4936Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT USA
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT USA
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
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Huang PC, Lee CH, Griffiths MD, O'Brien KS, Lin YC, Gan WY, Poon WC, Hung CH, Lee KH, Lin CY. Sequentially mediated effects of weight-related self-stigma and psychological distress in the association between perceived weight stigma and food addiction among Taiwanese university students: A cross-sectional study. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:177. [PMID: 36414956 PMCID: PMC9682751 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00701-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight-related stigma has negative physiological and psychological impacts on individuals' quality of life. Stigmatized individuals may experience higher psychological distress and therefore increase the potential risk to develop obesity and/or food addiction. The present study examined the associations and mediated effect between perceived weight stigma, weight-related self-stigma, and psychological distress in explaining food addiction among Taiwanese university students. METHODS All participants (n = 968) completed an online survey which included the Perceived Weight Stigma Questionnaire, Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21, and Yale Food Addiction Scale Version 2. RESULTS After controlling for demographic variables, significant associations were found in the paths from (1) perceived weight stigma to weight-related self-stigma ([Formula: see text] = 0.23), psychological distress ([Formula: see text] = 0.35), and food addiction ([Formula: see text] = 0.23); (2) weight-related self-stigma to psychological distress ([Formula: see text] = 0.52) and food addiction ([Formula: see text] = 0.59); and (3) psychological distress to food addiction ([Formula: see text] = 0.59) (all p-values < 0.001). The mediation model showed the sequential mediated effect of weight-related self-stigma and psychological distress in the association between perceived weight stigma and food addiction. CONCLUSIONS The results provide novel insights that weight-related self-stigma and psychological distress sequentially mediated the relationship between perceived weight stigma and food addiction among Taiwanese university students. The findings of the present study could be implemented into interventions that aim to reduce food addiction derived from weight-related stigma. Future studies should consider group analysis to consider confounding factors or other populations to provide more evidence regarding the mechanism of weight-related stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ching Huang
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Hsiang Lee
- Department of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South Dist., Taichung, 402306, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South Dist., Taichung, 402306, Taiwan
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - Kerry S O'Brien
- School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Monash University, 20 Chancellors Walk, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Yi-Ching Lin
- Department of Early Childhood and Family Education, National Taipei University of Education, No. 134, Sec. 2, Heping E. Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei, 106320, Taiwan.
| | - Wan Ying Gan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wai Chuen Poon
- Sunway University Business School, Sunway University, Selangor Darul Ehsan, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Ching-Hsia Hung
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Daxue Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsin Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No.1, Yida Rd, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City, 824, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yi-Da Road, Jiao-Su Village, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung City, 824, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401, Taiwan. .,Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401, Taiwan. .,Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401, Taiwan. .,Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401, Taiwan.
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Fernández MS, Pilatti A, Pautassi RM. Eating-to-Cope Motives and Uncontrolled Eating as Mediators Between Negative Emotional States and Food Addiction Among Argentinean Young Adults. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022:1-19. [PMID: 36275610 PMCID: PMC9579650 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00934-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative emotional states (NES; i.e., depression, anxiety and stress) are likely contributors to the development of food addiction (FA). The association between NES and FA symptoms may be mediated by altered eating behaviors or by eating-to-cope motives. This study examined, in a sample of Argentinean young adults, the association between NES and FA symptoms via eating-to-cope motives and three patterns of eating behaviors. We also examined whether the model was invariant across college status. The transition from high school to college is usually associated with increased exposure to stress, which promotes the probability of engaging in altered eating behaviors. A sample of 499 Argentinean young adults (mean age = 24.9 ± 3.51 years) completed a survey that assessed FA symptoms, eating behaviors (i.e., uncontrolled, emotional, and restrained eating), eating-to-cope motives and NES. A path analysis tested the indirect association between NES and FA symptoms via uncontrolled, emotional or restrained eating, or by eating-to-cope. Stress and depression symptoms were indirectly associated with FA symptoms via uncontrolled eating and eating-to-cope motives. The model was invariant across college status. The findings suggest that NES are associated with FA symptoms by increasing uncontrolled eating and eating-to-cope motives. Young adults exhibiting greater depressive or stress symptoms, higher eating-to-cope, or higher uncontrolled eating may be at risk for FA. Future research should examine the significance of this pattern by tailoring interventions to these characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Soledad Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi-CONICET-UNC, Bv. de la Reforma, 1936 Córdoba (5000), Argentina
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Bv. de la Reforma 1936, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Angelina Pilatti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi-CONICET-UNC, Bv. de la Reforma, 1936 Córdoba (5000), Argentina
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Bv. de la Reforma 1936, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Marcos Pautassi
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Bv. de la Reforma 1936, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. Y M. Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Friuli 2434, C.P. 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
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Işık M, Demı Rcan Ü, Demı R S. The influencing factors in food addiction of nursing students: A qualitative study. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:2471-2480. [PMID: 35365871 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to determine the factors that influence food addiction (FA) in female nursing students. DESIGN AND METHODS Twenty-four out of 51 (mean age = 19.8 ± 1.36) women were identified from a sample of 645, who met the diagnostic criteria of FA using the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), and participated in this qualitative study. FINDINGS Results of the study revealed that the factors affecting FA in students were conceptualized under four themes: "Social circle," "Situational and emotional signs," "Cognitive process," and "Weight gain and quality of life." PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS It is recommended to offer specific intervention programs including personal or group counseling for those, recognized as having FA based on an addiction model, and to have a successful therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Işık
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Gazi University Faculty of Health Sciences, Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ümran Demı Rcan
- First and Emergency Aid Program, Sinop University Durağan Vocational School, Sinop, Turkey
| | - Satı Demı R
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Gazi University Faculty of Health Sciences, Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey
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Whatnall M, Fozard T, Kolokotroni KZ, Marwood J, Evans T, Ells LJ, Burrows T. Understanding eating behaviours, mental health and weight change in young adults: protocol paper for an international longitudinal study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e064963. [PMID: 36180119 PMCID: PMC9528627 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Understanding the complexities of change in eating behaviours, mental health, well-being and weight is crucial to inform healthcare and service provision, particularly in light of the exacerbating effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to address the need for more comprehensive cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence, by tracking eating behaviours, mental health, health related behaviours and weight over a 12-month period, in a sample of young adults (18-35 years) in the UK and Australia. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Online surveys administered via the Prolific online research platform will be used for data collection at baseline, 6 months and 12 months. The survey (approximately 45 min) measures demographics, the impact of COVID-19, body mass index (BMI), weight management and health service usage, eating behaviours, personality, mental health, and health-related behaviours. An optional substudy component at each time point aims to validate self-reported weight in the main survey through images. Study inclusion criteria are; aged 18-34 years at baseline, BMI ≥20 kg/m2, and residing in the UK or Australia. A target of 500 participants at baseline was set, recruited through Prolific, and with recruitment stratified by BMI, sex and country. The proposed analyses include creating static predictive models using baseline data (eg, using latent class analysis, factor analysis or similar), and mapping changes longitudinally (eg, using multivariate regressions). These analyses will enable changes in the study measures to be identified, as well as predictors and outcomes of change. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval was granted by Leeds Beckett University, UK (reference number 86004) and the University of Newcastle, Australia (reference number H-2022-0110). Study findings will be disseminated through scientific journals, conferences, institute websites and social media, and briefings tailored to policy, practice and the public, with the intention to help inform the future development of health and well-being care and support for young adults across Australia and the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Whatnall
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Therese Fozard
- Centre for Psychological Research, School of Health Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Katerina Z Kolokotroni
- Centre for Psychological Research, School of Health Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Jordan Marwood
- Obesity Institute, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Tamla Evans
- Obesity Institute, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Louisa Jane Ells
- Obesity Institute, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Tracy Burrows
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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The Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale May Be Simplified and Diagnostically Improved: The Same Prevalence but Different Severity and Risk Factors of Food Addiction among Female and Male Students. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194041. [PMID: 36235693 PMCID: PMC9573175 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) is the most commonly used scale for measuring food addiction (FA). The previous approach to the YFAS and its subsequent versions assumed dichotomization of items, separating addiction symptoms and clinical significance items, and factorial validity testing on a subset of items. In this paper, we discuss the drawbacks associated with these procedures. In addition, we present a different analytical approach to investigate the validity of the modified YFAS (mYFAS) along with an alternative scoring method that overcomes limitations related to the previous approach. After establishing the structure of the mYFAS, we investigated the potential antecedents and consequences of FA separately for men and women. The sample consisted of 1182 Polish undergraduate students (613 women, 559 men, 10 missing values on gender) with a mean age of 20.33 years (SD = 1.68; range: 18–36). They were asked to complete self-report questionnaires measuring FA, personality traits (Big Five), self-esteem, narcissism, self-efficacy, social anxiety, loneliness, and well-being indicators. Due to the low content, factorial, and clinical validity, the first three items were excluded from the Polish version of the mYFAS. The six-item mYFAS demonstrated measurement invariance, allowing for meaningful comparisons between genders and yielded almost identical prevalence rates for men and women. The hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that, narcissism, and social anxiety predicted FA in both genders, whereas important gender differences in antecedents were also noted. In addition, FA was associated with body mass index (BMI) and most of the well-being indicators, even after controlling for relevant variables. The findings suggest that our modified analytical approach allows researchers to measure FA using a valid, useful, and simple tool.
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Estimation of Behavioral Addiction Prevalence During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2022; 9:486-517. [PMID: 36118286 PMCID: PMC9465150 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-022-00435-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The COVID-19 pandemic changed people’s lifestyles and such changed lifestyles included the potential of increasing addictive behaviors. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of different behavioral addictions (i.e., internet addiction, smartphone addiction, gaming addiction, social media addiction, food addiction, exercise addiction, gambling addiction, and shopping addiction) both overall and separately. Recent Findings Four databases (PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge, and ProQuest) were searched. Peer-reviewed papers published in English between December 2019 and July 2022 were reviewed and analyzed. Search terms were selected using PECO-S criteria: population (no limitation in participants’ characteristics), exposure (COVID-19 pandemic), comparison (healthy populations), outcome (frequency or prevalence of behavioral addiction), and study design (observational study). A total of 94 studies with 237,657 participants from 40 different countries (mean age 25.02 years; 57.41% females). The overall prevalence of behavioral addiction irrespective of addiction type (after correcting for publication bias) was 11.1% (95% CI: 5.4 to 16.8%). The prevalence rates for each separate behavioral addiction (after correcting for publication bias) were 10.6% for internet addiction, 30.7% for smartphone addiction, 5.3% for gaming addiction, 15.1% for social media addiction, 21% for food addiction, 9.4% for sex addiction, 7% for exercise addiction, 7.2% for gambling addiction, and 7.2% for shopping addiction. In the lockdown periods, prevalence of food addiction, gaming addiction, and social media addiction was higher compared to non-lockdown periods. Smartphone and social media addiction was associated with methodological quality of studies (i.e., the higher the risk of boas, the higher the prevalence rate). Other associated factors of social media addiction were the percentage of female participants, mean age of participants, percentage of individuals using the internet in country, and developing status of country. The percentage of individuals in the population using the internet was associated with all the prevalence of behavioral addiction overall and the prevalence of sex addiction and gambling addiction. Gaming addiction prevalence was associated with data collection method (online vs. other methods) that is gaming addiction prevalence was much lower using online methods to collect the data. Summary Behavioral addictions appeared to be potential health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare providers and government authorities should foster some campaigns that assist people in coping with stress during COVID-19 pandemics to prevent them from developing behavioral addictions during COVID-19 and subsequent pandemics. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40429-022-00435-6.
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Examination of Individual Differences in Susceptibility to Food Addiction using Alcohol and Addiction Research Domain Criteria (AARDoC): Recent Findings and Directions for the Future. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-022-00433-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Alcohol and Addiction Research Domain Criteria (AARDoC) is a transdiagnostic, circuits-based framework for studying addictive behaviors. We examined parallels in individual differences that might increase susceptibility to FA and other addictive disorders using the following units of analysis in AARDoC domains: craving, relative reinforcing value of food and attention bias in the incentive salience domain; decisional impulsivity (delay discounting) and inhibitory control (Go-No-Go, Conner’s Continuous Performance Test, and the flanker task) in the executive function domain; and emotion dysregulation and negative urgency in the negative emotionality domain.
Recent Findings
There are a number of parallels between FA and other addictions in the incentive salience and negative emotionality domains, but somewhat divergent findings in the executive function domain. Trauma appears to be an important environmental stressor in maintenance of FA.
Summary
AARDoC may be a useful organizing framework for studying addictions, including FA. Future studies should incorporate other units of analysis to better characterize FA.
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Mediating effect of self-control in the relationship between psychological distress and food addiction among college students. Appetite 2022; 179:106278. [PMID: 35988799 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Psychological distress is a possible trigger contributing to food addiction, which is characterized by a loss of behavioral control and compulsive food intake. However, little is known about its underlying mechanisms. Self-control, an important self-regulation skill, may mediate the effect of psychological distress on food addiction. A cross-sectional survey was used to explore the direct relationship between psychological distress and food addiction, and the mediating role of self-control in this relationship. Food addiction, psychological distress, and self-control were evaluated using the Chinese versions of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0, Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale, and Self-control Scale, respectively. Correlation analyses showed that food addiction was positively correlated with psychological distress, but negatively related to self-control. Structural equation modeling revealed the mediating role of self-control in the relationship between food addiction and psychological distress. As a significant predictor of food addiction, psychological distress may induce food addiction directly or indirectly through the effect of self-control. These findings provide a deeper understanding of the relationship between psychological distress and food addiction, and the underlying mechanism. As such, psychological distress and self-control should be included in prevention and intervention strategies to address food addiction among college students.
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Hallit S, Brytek-Matera A, Malaeb D, Obeid S. Validation of the Arabic version of the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale in the general population in Lebanon. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:112. [PMID: 35927764 PMCID: PMC9354308 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00638-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the definition of food addiction is not agreed upon, it is characterized by eating more than expected without being hungry, not being able to visit certain places associated with overeating or unsuccessfully trying to cut down on the consumption of certain foods. The modified YFAS (mYFAS 2.0) version, instrument available to evaluate food addiction, was shown to have good psychometric properties. Our objective was to assess the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the mYFAS (mYFAS-Ar-Leb) in the Lebanese population. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled 1268 persons residing in Lebanon (September-November 2020). The mean age of the participants was 26.18 years (SD = 11.17; min: 18; max: 85), with 65.1% females. The percentage of participants with food addiction was 226 (17.8%) in the total sample. A confirmatory factor analysis was run on the one-factor structure among the total sample. RESULTS The fit indices of the confirmatory factor analysis of the scale were excellent. The Cronbach's alpha value was good for the total scale. The mYFAS-Ar-Leb score was positively and strongly associated with stress, anxiety and depression. CONCLUSION Our study findings highlighted that the use of the mYFAS-Ar-Leb in Lebanese population might help estimate food addiction prevalence and stress on the need for effective treatment and preventive measures to craving for addictive foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon. .,Psychology Department, College of Humanities, Effat University, Jeddah, 21478, Saudi Arabia. .,Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
| | - Anna Brytek-Matera
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Dawida 1, 50-527, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Diana Malaeb
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.,School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- School of Arts and Sciences, Social and Education Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon
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da Silva Júnior AE, de Lima Macena M, de Oliveira ADS, Praxedes DRS, de Oliveira Maranhão Pureza IR, de Menezes Toledo Florêncio TM, Gearhardt AN, Bueno NB. Prevalence of food addiction and its association with anxiety, depression, and adherence to social distancing measures in Brazilian university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide study. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:2027-2035. [PMID: 34997553 PMCID: PMC8741577 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01344-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The study's objective was to determine the prevalence of food addiction (FA) in Brazilian university students and to verify whether there is an association with anxiety, depression, and adherence to the social distancing measures adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a nationwide cross-sectional study carried out through the application of online questionnaires. Self-reported data on age, sex, economic class, race/skin color, anthropometric data, depression diagnosis, anxiety, modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0), and adherence to social distancing measures were collected. 5368 participants were included, with a mean age was 24.1 ± 6.3 years, the majority were female (n = 3990; 74.3%), and the mean BMI in our sample was 24.5 ± 5.3 kg/m2. The prevalence of FA was 19.1% (95%CI: 18.0; 20.0%). An association was observed between FA with depression (PR: 1.60; 95%CI: 1.43; 1.78; p < 0.01), and anxiety (3.13; 95%CI: 2.74; 3.58; p < 0.01), but not with adherence to social distancing measures (p = 0.70). In conclusion, there was a higher prevalence of FA in Brazilian university students. Besides, university students with anxiety, depression, overweight, or obesity and females are more prone to FA.Level of evidence Level V, Opinions of authorities, based on descriptive studies, narrative reviews, clinical experience, or reports of expert committees.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mateus de Lima Macena
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, 57072-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Telma Maria de Menezes Toledo Florêncio
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, 57072-900, Brazil
| | | | - Nassib Bezerra Bueno
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. .,Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, 57072-900, Brazil.
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Guleken Z, Uzbay T. Neurobiological and neuropharmacological aspects of food addiction. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 139:104760. [PMID: 35780976 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to draw attention to current studies on syndromes related to food eating behavior, including food addiction, and to highlight the neurobiological and neuropharmacological aspects of food addiction toward the development of new therapies. Food addiction and eating disorders are influenced by several neurobiological factors. Changes in feeding behavior, food addiction, and its pharmacological therapy are related to complex neurobiological processes in the brain. Thus, it is not surprising that there is inconsistency among various individual studies. In this review, we assessed literature including both experimental and clinical studies regarding food addiction as a feeding disorder. We selected articles from animal studies, randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses, narrative, and systemic reviews given that, crucial quantitative data with a measure of neurobiological, neuropharmacological aspects and current therapies of food addiction as an outcome. Thus, the main goal to outline here is to investigate and discuss the association between the brain reward system and feeding behavior in the frame of food addiction in the light of current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zozan Guleken
- Uskudar University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Uzbay
- Uskudar University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, İstanbul, Turkey; Üsküdar University, Neuropsychopharmacology Application, and Research Center (NPARC), İstanbul, Turkey.
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Food Addiction: a Deep Dive into ‘Loss of Control’ and ‘Craving’. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-022-00431-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
The majority of existing research discusses food addiction (FA) classification, which provides information for different groups and which groups may or may not be affected to differing degrees. Fewer studies report FA symptom scores, and fewer still report on individual symptoms. This paper discusses the symptoms of craving and loss of control as they are common FA symptoms that demonstrate similarities with both substance use disorders and some eating disorder pathology.
Recent Findings
Loss of control presents parallels with disordered eating, particularly binge eating disorder. Craving refers to the powerful or strong desire for something and, in contrast to lack of control, presents most overlap with substance use disorders.
Summary
While not the most common symptoms reported in published research, loss of control and craving attract attention because of parallels with substance use and eating disorder pathology, and research has increasingly focused on these symptoms in recent years.
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Defining Risky Use in the Context of Food Addiction. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-022-00420-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Leary M, Pursey K, Verdejo-García A, Skinner J, Whatnall MC, Hay P, Collins C, Baker AL, Burrows T. Designing an online intervention for adults with addictive eating: a qualitative integrated knowledge translation approach. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060196. [PMID: 35672064 PMCID: PMC9174813 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Codesign is a meaningful end-user engagement in research design. The integrated knowledge translation (IKT) framework involves adopting a collaborative research approach to produce and apply knowledge to address real-world needs, resulting in useful and useable recommendations that will more likely be applied in policy and practice. In the field of food addiction (FA), there are limited treatment options that have been reported to show improvements in FA symptoms. OBJECTIVES The primary aim of this paper is to describe the step-by-step codesign and refinement of a complex intervention delivered via telehealth for adults with FA using an IKT approach. The secondary aim is to describe our intervention in detail according to the TIDieR checklist. DESIGN This study applies the IKT process and describes the codesign and refinement of an intervention through a series of online meetings, workshops and interviews. PARTICIPANTS This study included researchers, clinicians, consumers and health professionals. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE The primary outcome was a refined intervention for use in adults with symptoms of FA for a research trial. RESULTS A total of six female health professionals and five consumers (n=4 female) with lived overeating experience participated in two interviews lasting 60 min each. This process resulted in the identification of eight barriers and three facilitators to providing and receiving treatment for FA, eight components needed or missing from current treatments, telehealth as a feasible delivery platform, and refinement of key elements to ensure the intervention met the needs of both health professionals and possible patients. CONCLUSION Using an IKT approach allowed for a range of viewpoints and enabled multiple professions and disciplines to engage in a semiformalised way to bring expertise to formulate a possible intervention for FA. Mapping the intervention plan to the TIDieR checklist for complex interventions, allowed for detailed description of the intervention and the identification of a number of areas that needed to be refined before development of the finalised intervention protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Leary
- College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kirrilly Pursey
- College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Janelle Skinner
- College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Megan C Whatnall
- College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Phillipa Hay
- Western Sydney University, Penrith South, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Clare Collins
- College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda L Baker
- College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tracy Burrows
- College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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Association between food addiction and time perspective during COVID-19 isolation. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:1585-1591. [PMID: 35178680 PMCID: PMC8853916 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01259-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The concept of time perspective (TP) implies that a mental focus on past, present, or future affect a person makes decisions and take action. Inability to plan their life for a sufficiently long time perspective due to the COVID-19 pandemic appeared to have a pronounced impact on a human's lifestyle influencing their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, including eating behavior. This study tested two hypotheses: (a) that during COVID-19 isolation, the incidence rate of food addiction is increased, and (b) people with present TP are more likely exhibited signs of food addiction (FA). METHODS The final study sample included 949 people, mean age 21.8 ± 7.8 years (range: 17-71 years, women: 78.3%). Each participant indicated their personal data and completed Yale Food Addiction Scale and the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. RESULTS There was an increased incidence rate of FA (OR = 1.678, 95% CI = 1.324, 2.148, p = 0.000) during COVID-19 isolation. Individuals with balanced, future, and past positive TP were less likely to exhibit symptoms of FA. Persons with past negative, and present hedonistic TP were more likely to exhibit signs of FA. CONCLUSION There was an increased incidence rate of FA during COVID-19 isolation. Persons with shortened time horizon are more likely to exhibit symptoms of FA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Clinical Considerations of Ultra-processed Food Addiction Across Weight Classes: an Eating Disorder Treatment and Care Perspective. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2022; 9:255-267. [PMID: 35531579 PMCID: PMC9058754 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-022-00411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review To examine the prevalence rates of ultra-processed food addiction across different weight classes and offer guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. Clinicians are provided with practical considerations in the assessment of ultra-processed food addiction beyond the use of validated instruments. Recent Findings The weighted mean prevalence of ultra-processed food addiction is approximately 20% worldwide and varies widely based on the sample. At first glance, there appears a linear relationship between ultra-processed food addiction and BMI class. Further investigation indicates a J-shaped curve with heightened prevalence among the underweight. These findings highlight the need to assess for additional factors that may increase objective or subjective food addiction symptoms including eating disorders, dietary restraint, and other mental health diagnoses. Summary While clinical considerations across different weight classes vary, overemphasis on weight status may detract from the clinical utility of the ultra-processed food addiction construct. Considering weight status in conjunction with other psychiatric symptoms helps to better understand the various biopsychosocial mechanisms that influence eating behavior and can inform individualized treatment strategies.
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