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Current Novel Caries Diagnostic Technologies: Restorative Dentists' Attitude and Use Preferences. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9101387. [PMID: 34683068 PMCID: PMC8535563 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9101387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection of caries lesions is key to a successful restorative dental treatment plan. The aim of this study was to investigate the preferences and attitude of graduate restorative dentistry residents (RDRs) regarding novel caries diagnostic technologies (NCDT) and to provide a brief overview of available technologies for both specialized and general dental practice. This cross-sectional study used an online questionnaire (17 questions) concerning RDRs’ attitude, preferences, and insights regarding five available NCDTs. It was distributed among twenty RDRs at a local government dental school following a review session about NCDTs. Collected responses were analyzed statistically using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-squared with Bonferroni correction, and Kruskal-Wallis tests at a 0.05 significance level. Sixty-five percent of RDRs reported an interest in NCDTs as a discussion topic and almost half of them were positive towards their use, however, sixty percent of respondents were hesitant to diagnose caries solely using NCDTs. Fiber-optic-transillumination (FOTI) systems were ranked the best overall and with regard to all the investigated criteria (p < 0.05). Chosen reasons for FOTI included price followed by ease of use. In general, high price rated as the most perceived reason for not choosing a given NCDT followed by low practical applicability. Meanwhile, ease of use followed by relevant application ranked as the main reported reasons to choose an NCDTs.
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Jaafar N, Ragab H, Abedrahman A, Osman E. An In Vivo Investigation of Diagnostic Performance of DIAGNOdent Pen and the Canary System for Assessment and Monitoring Enamel Caries under Fissure Sealants. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2020; 10:246-254. [PMID: 32802769 PMCID: PMC7402262 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_480_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim and Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the diagnostic performance of a quantitative light-induced fluorescence (DIAGNOdent pen [DP]) and a photothermal radiometry (Canary System [CS]) for assessment and monitoring occlusal enamel caries under fissure sealants placed on young permanent teeth. Materials and Methods Forty-five patients of mean age 9.96 (1.4) years, having at least two occlusal surface sites of non-cavitated lesions (International Caries Detection and Assessment System [ICDAS], 1-3 at baseline), were assigned for this clinical study as per specific inclusion/exclusion criteria. A total of 90 permanent teeth were examined using a visual examination method (ICDAS), a quantitative light-induced fluorescence (DP), and a photothermal radiometry (CS). Teeth were randomly divided into two groups based on the type of fissure sealants: a resin sealant and a glass-ionomer sealant. Sealants were placed over the study sites, and caries assessment was performed with each caries detection method at 3- and 6-month recall appointments. Numerical data were presented as mean, standard deviation, median, and interquartile range values. Qualitative data were presented as frequencies and percentages. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to determine the diagnostic accuracy measures of the two modalities and compared using z-statistic. ROC curve analysis was performed with MedCalc software, Ostend, Belgium, version 11.3 for Windows (MedCalc Software). Changes by time in caries progression were analyzed using McNemar test and Cochran Q test. The significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05. Statistical analysis was performed with the IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software for Windows, version 23.0 (IBM, Armonk, New York). Results The CS and DP were able to distinguish between sound and carious tissue beneath fully and partially retained sealants at 6-month follow-up with an accuracy of 46.7% and 33.4%, respectively. Conclusion The diagnostic performance of the CS and DP are acceptable and can be considered as useful adjunct tools in the clinical evaluation and monitoring the changes in enamel due to lesion progression under fissure sealants. However, in the clinical setting, sensitivity and specificity of these devices may be influenced by the sealant type, thickness, retention, and the differences in the lesion characteristics over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Jaafar
- Clinical instructor of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Developmental Sciences, Division of Pediatric Dentiry, Faculty of Dentistry, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Ragab
- Professor of Operative and Esthetic Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Division of Operative and Esthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmed Abedrahman
- Professor of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Essam Osman
- Professor of Dental Materials, Department of Restorative Sciences, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Alsabek L, Al-Nerabieah Z, Bshara N, Comisi JC. Retention and remineralization effect of moisture tolerant resin-based sealant and glass ionomer sealant on non-cavitated pit and fissure caries: Randomized controlled clinical trial. J Dent 2019; 86:69-74. [PMID: 31136817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES Pit and fissure sealants are an essential part of preventive dentistry and should be adopted as a crucial part of the minimally invasive dentistry due to their profound benefit to our patients. METHODS The study design is a single-blind, split-mouth, randomized controlled clinical trial. Forty patients between age 6-9 were selected. First permanent molars' occlusal surfaces with scores of 1, or 2 according to the International Caries Detection and Assessment System II (ICDAS II) and with scores between 14-30 by using DIAGNOdent device (Kavo®, Biberach, Germany) were selected and readings recorded. One side of the mouth was randomly chosen to have either the moisture tolerant resin sealant or the glass ionomer sealant placed, and then the second material was placed on the other side. The retention of these materials was analyzed at 3 and 6 months. The sealants were then removed and DIAGNOdent readings were subsequently taken. RESULTS After three months, full retention was found in 38/40 (95%) teeth in Group A (Embrace™ WetBond™) and 35/40 (87.5%) teeth in Group B (Fuji TRIAGE®). Additionally, no sealant suffered a total loss in group A, whereas, three sealants were totally lost (7.5%) in group B. The difference in sealant retention in two groups in this period was not found to be statistically significant (P > 0.05). At six months, full retention was found in Group A 34/40 (85%) and 25/40 (62.5%) in Group B. Also, the partial loss in Group A was 2/40 (5%) whereas in Group B 7/40 (17.5%). Also, the total loss was 4/40 (10%) and 8/40 (20%) in Group A and B, respectively. The difference in sealant retention in two groups after six months follow-up was found statistically significant (P < 0.05). The initial mean values of DIAGNOdent readings were 22.42 and 22.8 in Group A and Group B, respectively. After six months, DIAGNOdent mean values revealed a drop in both groups, and this difference was statistically significant. Nevertheless, when Group A was compared to Group B in terms of remineralization effect, the differences were found not to be statistically significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitation of this study, we affirmed that occlusal caries lesions, which is restrictive to enamel and in need of surgical intervention, can be arrested clinically by sealing the lesion with both a hydrophilic resin sealant and glass ionomer sealant materials. Embrace™ WetBond™ showed superiority over the glass ionomer sealant tested in retention after six months follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith Alsabek
- Dental College, Damascus University, Al-Mazzeh St. Damascus, PO Box 30621, Syria
| | - Zuhair Al-Nerabieah
- Pediatric Dentistry, Dental College, Damascus University, Al-Mazzeh St. Damascus, PO Box 30621, Syria
| | - Nada Bshara
- Pediatric Dentistry, Dental College, Damascus University, Al-Mazzeh St. Damascus, PO Box 30621, Syria
| | - John C Comisi
- Restorative Dentistry, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, The Medical University of South Carolina, James B. Edwards College of Dental Medicine, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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Amaechi BT, Tenuta LMA, Ricomini Filho AP, Cury JA. Protocols to Study Dental Caries In Vitro: Microbial Caries Models. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1922:357-368. [PMID: 30838590 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9012-2_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Caries lesions result from the interaction between dental biofilm and sugars. Since the biofilm is an important component in the etiology of the disease, biofilm models have been developed to study the cariogenicity of dietary sugars, as well as the anticaries effect of substances. Two of such models, termed as "static" or "continuous flow," are described in details here together with their advantages, limitations, and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bennett T Amaechi
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Livia M A Tenuta
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Antonio P Ricomini Filho
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaime A Cury
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Detection of Caries Around Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer and Compomer Restorations Using Four Different Modalities In Vitro. Dent J (Basel) 2018; 6:dj6030047. [PMID: 30223618 PMCID: PMC6162688 DOI: 10.3390/dj6030047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of visual examination (International Caries Detection and Assessment System—ICDAS II), light-emitting diodes (LED) fluorescence (SPECTRA), laser fluorescence (DIAGNODent, DD), photothermal radiometry and modulated luminescence (PTR-LUM, The Canary System, CS) to detect natural decay beneath resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGIC) and compomer restorations in vitro. Twenty-seven extracted human molars and premolars, consisting of 2 control teeth, 10 visually healthy/sound and 15 teeth with natural cavitated lesions, were selected. For the carious teeth, caries was removed leaving some carious tissue on one wall of the preparation. For the sound teeth, 3 mm deep cavity preparations were made. All cavities were restored with RMGIC or compomer restorative materials. Sixty-eight sites (4 sites on sound unrestored teeth, 21 sound sites and 43 carious sites with restorations) were selected. CS and DD triplicate measurements were done at 2, 1.5, 0.5, and 0 mm away from the margin of the restoration (MOR). SPECTRA images were taken, and two dentists provided ICDAS II scoring for the restored surfaces. The SPECTRA data and images were inconclusive due to signal interference from the restorations. Visual examinations of the restored tooth surfaces were able to identify 5 of the 15 teeth with caries. In these situations, the teeth were ranked as having ICDAS II 1 or 2 rankings, but they could not identify the location of the caries or depth of the lesion. CS and DD were able to differentiate between sound and carious tissue at the MOR, but larger variation in measurement, and poorer accuracy, was observed for DD. It was concluded that the CS has the potential to detect secondary caries around RMGIC and compomer restorations more accurately than the other modalities used in this study.
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Abrams TE, Abrams SH, Sivagurunathan KS, Silvertown JD, Hellen WMP, Elman GI, Amaechi BT. In Vitro Detection of Caries Around Amalgam Restorations Using Four Different Modalities. Open Dent J 2018; 11:609-620. [PMID: 29290839 PMCID: PMC5738745 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601711010609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of PTR-LUM (The Canary System, CS), laser fluorescence (DIAGNOdent, DD), LED fluorescence (Spectra), and visual inspection (ICDAS II) to detect natural decay around bonded amalgam restorations in vitro. Methods: Seventeen extracted human molars and premolars, consisting of visually healthy (n=5) and natural cavitated (n=12) teeth were selected. For the carious teeth, caries was removed leaving some decayed tissue on the floor and or wall of the preparation. For sound teeth, 3 mm. deep cavity preparations were made and teeth were restored with bonded-amalgam restorations. Thirty-six sites (13 sound sites; 23 carious sites) were selected. CS and DD scans were performed in triplicate at 2, 1.5, 0.5, and 0 mm away from the margin of the restoration (MOR). Spectra images were captured for the entire surface, and dentists blinded to the samples provided ICDAS II scoring. Results: Canary Numbers (Mean±SE) for healthy and carious sites at 2, 1.5, 0.5, and 0 mm from the MOR ranged from 12.9±0.9 to 15.4±0.9 and 56.1±4.0 to 56.3±2.0, respectively. DD peak values for healthy and carious sites ranged from 4.7±0.5 to 13.5±2.99, and 16.7±3.7 to 24.5±4.4, respectively. For CS and DD, sensitivity/specificity for sites at 2.0, 1.5, 0.5, 0 mm ranged from 0.95-1.0/0.85-1.0, and 0.45-0.74/0.54-1.0, respectively. For ICDAS II, sensitivity and specificity were 1.0 and 0.17, respectively. For Spectra, data and images were inconclusive due to signal intereference from the amalgam restoration. Conclusions: Using this in-vitro model, CS and DD were able to differentiate between sound and carious tissue at the MOR, but larger variation, less reliability, and poorer accuracy was observed for DD. Therefore, CS has the potential to detect secondary caries around amalgam restorations more accurately than the other investigated modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen H Abrams
- Quantum Dental Technologies Inc, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Cliffcrest Dental Office, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Gary I Elman
- Cliffcrest Dental Office, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada
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Watanabe K, Sasabe T, Nakamura A, Eda K, Tanase K, Ikeda H, Ohata N, Minohara Y, Maki K, Watanabe S. Advantage of Introducing Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence in School Dental Checkups. Health (London) 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2018.108083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wang Y, Li J, Sun W, Li H, Cannon RD, Mei L. Effect of non-fluoride agents on the prevention of dental caries in primary dentition: A systematic review. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182221. [PMID: 28787448 PMCID: PMC5546704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the effect of non-fluoride agents on the prevention of dental caries in primary dentition. Materials and methods Medline, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CBM and CNKI databases were searched to identify all the relevant articles published prior to 16 December 2016. Grey literature was also searched. Randomized controlled human clinical trials in which non-fluoride agents were delivered by any method were considered. Results Of the 1,236 studies screened, 39 full articles were scrutinized and 14 selected for inclusion in the final sample. Five chemical agents, namely arginine, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), chlorhexidine, triclosan and xylitol were investigated in these included studies. The cariostatic effects of non-fluoride agents in vivo were evaluated in comparison with fluoride or placebos in randomized controlled trials. There is evidence that the use of certain doses of xylitol may be effective in arresting dental caries in primary dentition. However, quantitative synthesis could not be carried out because of the clinical and methodological heterogeneity of the included studies. Conclusions A study at low risk of bias indicated that daily use of xylitol wipes is a useful adjunct for caries control in young children, however, this conclusion should be interpreted with caution as this study had a very limited sample size. Chlorhexidine and CPP-ACP may be more effective than a placebo in managing caries in primary dentition, but their effectiveness is borderline when compared with fluoride. Arginine-containing mint confection and 0.3% triclosan varnish were found to reduce caries development in primary teeth but the evidence was at high risk of bias. High quality randomized controlled trials are needed in order to make a conclusive recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jialing Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weibin Sun
- Department of Periodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (WS); (HL)
| | - Huang Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (WS); (HL)
| | - Richard D. Cannon
- Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Li Mei
- Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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