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Mazzetti S, Giampietro F, Calogero AM, Isilgan HB, Gagliardi G, Rolando C, Cantele F, Ascagni M, Bramerio M, Giaccone G, Isaias IU, Pezzoli G, Cappelletti G. Linking acetylated α-Tubulin redistribution to α-Synuclein pathology in brain of Parkinson's disease patients. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:2. [PMID: 38167511 PMCID: PMC10761989 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00607-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Highly specialized microtubules in neurons are crucial to both health and disease of the nervous system, and their properties are strictly regulated by different post-translational modifications, including α-Tubulin acetylation. An imbalance in the levels of acetylated α-Tubulin has been reported in experimental models of Parkinson's disease (PD) whereas pharmacological or genetic modulation that leads to increased acetylated α-Tubulin successfully rescues axonal transport defects and inhibits α-Synuclein aggregation. However, the role of acetylation of α-Tubulin in the human nervous system is largely unknown as most studies are based on in vitro evidence. To capture the complexity of the pathological processes in vivo, we analysed post-mortem human brain of PD patients and control subjects. In the brain of PD patients at Braak stage 6, we found a redistribution of acetylated α-Tubulin, which accumulates in the neuronal cell bodies in subcortical structures but not in the cerebral cortex, and decreases in the axonal compartment, both in putamen bundles of fibres and in sudomotor fibres. High-resolution and 3D reconstruction analysis linked acetylated α-Tubulin redistribution to α-Synuclein oligomerization and to phosphorylated Ser 129 α-Synuclein, leading us to propose a model for Lewy body (LB) formation. Finally, in post-mortem human brain, we observed threadlike structures, resembling tunnelling nanotubes that contain α-Synuclein oligomers and are associated with acetylated α-Tubulin enriched neurons. In conclusion, we support the role of acetylated α-Tubulin in PD pathogenesis and LB formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Mazzetti
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
- Fondazione Grigioni per il Morbo di Parkinson, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Alessandra Maria Calogero
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione Grigioni per il Morbo di Parkinson, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gloria Gagliardi
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Rolando
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Cantele
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Miriam Ascagni
- Unitech NOLIMITS, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Bramerio
- S. C. Divisione Oncologia Falck and S. C. Divisione Anatomia Patologica, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giaccone
- Unit of Neuropathology and Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Ioannis Ugo Isaias
- Parkinson Institute, ASST G. Pini-CTO, Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg and the Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gianni Pezzoli
- Fondazione Grigioni per il Morbo di Parkinson, Milan, Italy
| | - Graziella Cappelletti
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Kovalska M, Hnilicova P, Kalenska D, Adamkov M, Kovalska L, Lehotsky J. Alzheimer's Disease-like Pathological Features in the Dorsal Hippocampus of Wild-Type Rats Subjected to Methionine-Diet-Evoked Mild Hyperhomocysteinaemia. Cells 2023; 12:2087. [PMID: 37626897 PMCID: PMC10453870 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Multifactorial interactions, including nutritional state, likely participate in neurodegeneration's pathogenesis and evolution. Dysregulation in methionine (Met) metabolism could lead to the development of hyperhomocysteinaemia (hHcy), playing an important role in neuronal dysfunction, which could potentially lead to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like pathological features. This study combines proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) with immunohistochemical analysis to examine changes in the metabolic ratio and histomorphological alterations in the dorsal rat hippocampus (dentate gyrus-DG) subjected to a high Met diet. Male Wistar rats (420-480 g) underwent hHcy evoked by a Met-enriched diet (2 g/kg of weight/day) lasting four weeks. Changes in the metabolic ratio profile and significant histomorphological alterations have been found in the DG of hHcy rats. We have detected increased morphologically changed neurons and glial cells with increased neurogenic markers and apolipoprotein E positivity parallel with a diminished immunosignal for the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor 1 in hHcy animals. A Met diet induced hHcy, likely via direct Hcy neurotoxicity, an interference with one carbon unit metabolism, and/or epigenetic regulation. These conditions lead to the progression of neurodegeneration and the promotion of AD-like pathological features in the less vulnerable hippocampal DG, which presents a plausible therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kovalska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (M.K.); (M.A.)
| | - Petra Hnilicova
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Dagmar Kalenska
- Department of Anatomy, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Marian Adamkov
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (M.K.); (M.A.)
| | - Libusa Kovalska
- Clinic of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Jan Lehotsky
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
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Zhou P, Yang G, Xie W. Organization of cortical microtubules in differentiated cells. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1141-1147. [PMID: 36960617 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The microtubule cytoskeleton plays a critical role in a variety of cellular activities, and its structures and functions have been extensively studied. However, little is known about cell differentiation-related microtubule remodeling, its regulatory mechanisms, and its physiological functions. Recent studies have shown that microtubule-binding proteins as well as cell junctions, such as desmosomes and adherens junctions, are involved in the remodeling of microtubules in response to cell differentiation. In addition, the microtubule-organizing activity and structural integrity of centrosomes undergo dramatic changes during cell differentiation to promote microtubule remodeling. Here we summarize recent advances revealing the dynamic changes in microtubule organization and functions during cell differentiation. We also highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying microtubule modeling in differentiated cells, focusing on the key roles played by microtubule-binding proteins, cell junctions, and centrosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhou
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Guiwen Yang
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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Sardina F, Valente D, Fattorini G, Cioffi E, Zanna GD, Tessa A, Trisciuoglio D, Soddu S, Santorelli FM, Casali C, Rinaldo C. New cellular imaging-based method to distinguish the SPG4 subtype of hereditary spastic paraplegia. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:1734-1744. [PMID: 36815539 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Microtubule defects are a common feature in several neurodegenerative disorders, including hereditary spastic paraplegia. The most frequent form of hereditary spastic paraplegia is caused by mutations in the SPG4/SPAST gene, encoding the microtubule severing enzyme spastin. To date, there is no effective therapy available but spastin-enhancing therapeutic approaches are emerging; thus prognostic and predictive biomarkers are urgently required. METHODS An automated, simple, fast and non-invasive cell imaging-based method was developed to quantify microtubule cytoskeleton organization changes in lymphoblastoid cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. RESULTS It was observed that lymphoblastoid cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from individuals affected by SPG4-hereditary spastic paraplegia show a polarized microtubule cytoskeleton organization. In a pilot study on freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, our method discriminates SPG4-hereditary spastic paraplegia from healthy donors and other hereditary spastic paraplegia subtypes. In addition, it is shown that our method can detect the effects of spastin protein level changes. CONCLUSIONS These findings open the possibility of a rapid, non-invasive, inexpensive test useful to recognize SPG4-hereditary spastic paraplegia subtype and evaluate the effects of spastin-enhancing drug in non-neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Sardina
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Valente
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaia Fattorini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, "Charles Darwin" Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ettore Cioffi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Dalla Zanna
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Trisciuoglio
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Soddu
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Casali
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Cinzia Rinaldo
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Age-related changes in tau and autophagy in human brain in the absence of neurodegeneration. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0262792. [PMID: 36701399 PMCID: PMC9879510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau becomes abnormally hyper-phosphorylated and aggregated in tauopathies like Alzheimers disease (AD). As age is the greatest risk factor for developing AD, it is important to understand how tau protein itself, and the pathways implicated in its turnover, change during aging. We investigated age-related changes in total and phosphorylated tau in brain samples from two cohorts of cognitively normal individuals spanning 19-74 years, without overt neurodegeneration. One cohort utilised resected tissue and the other used post-mortem tissue. Total soluble tau levels declined with age in both cohorts. Phosphorylated tau was undetectable in the post-mortem tissue but was clearly evident in the resected tissue and did not undergo significant age-related change. To ascertain if the decline in soluble tau was correlated with age-related changes in autophagy, three markers of autophagy were tested but only two appeared to increase with age and the third was unchanged. This implies that in individuals who do not develop neurodegeneration, there is an age-related reduction in soluble tau which could potentially be due to age-related changes in autophagy. Thus, to explore how an age-related increase in autophagy might influence tau-mediated dysfunctions in vivo, autophagy was enhanced in a Drosophila model and all age-related tau phenotypes were significantly ameliorated. These data shed light on age-related physiological changes in proteins implicated in AD and highlights the need to study pathways that may be responsible for these changes. It also demonstrates the therapeutic potential of interventions that upregulate turnover of aggregate-prone proteins during aging.
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Behl T, Kaur I, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Gupta S, Albratty M, Najmi A, Alhazmi HA, Bungau S. AChE as a spark in the Alzheimer's blaze - Antagonizing effect of a cyclized variant. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 83:101787. [PMID: 36368649 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PS1), amyloid beta (Aβ), and GSK3 are the effectors, which are significantly associated with progression of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and its symptoms. A significant protein, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) becomes dysfunctional as a result of cholinergic neuronal loss in AD pathology. However, certain associated peptides potentiate the release of primary neuropathological hallmarks, i.e., senile plaque and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), by modulating the alpha 7 acetylcholinesterase receptor (α7nAChR). The AChE variants, T30 and T14 have also been found to be elevated in AD patients and mimic the toxic actions of pathological events in patients. The manuscript discusses the significance of AChE inhibitors in AD therapeutics, by indicating the disastrous role of molecular alterations and elevation of AChE, accompanied with the downstream effects instigated by the peptide, supported by clinical evidence and investigations. The cyclized variant of AChE peptide, NBP14 has been identified as a novel candidate that reverses the harmful effects of T30, T14 and Aβ, mainly calcium influx, cell viability and AChE release. The review aims to grab the attention of neuro-researchers towards the significance of triggering effectors in propagating AD and role of AChE in regulating them, which can potentially ace the development of reliable therapeutic candidates, similar to NBP14, to mitigate neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidohli, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- University of Glasgow, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- GHG Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Gurusar Sadhar, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Najmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Substance Abuse and Toxicology, Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania; Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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Mazzetti S, Calogero AM, Pezzoli G, Cappelletti G. Cross-talk between α-synuclein and the microtubule cytoskeleton in neurodegeneration. Exp Neurol 2023; 359:114251. [PMID: 36243059 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Looking at the puzzle that depicts the molecular determinants in neurodegeneration, many pieces are lacking and multiple interconnections among key proteins and intracellular pathways still remain unclear. Here we focus on the concerted action of α-synuclein and the microtubule cytoskeleton, whose interplay, indeed, is emerging but remains largely unexplored in both its physiology and pathology. α-Synuclein is a key protein involved in neurodegeneration, underlying those diseases termed synucleinopathies. Its propensity to interact with other proteins and structures renders the identification of neuronal death trigger extremely difficult. Conversely, the unbalance of microtubule cytoskeleton in terms of structure, dynamics and function is emerging as a point of convergence in neurodegeneration. Interestingly, α-synuclein and microtubules have been shown to interact and mediate cross-talks with other intracellular structures. This is supported by an increasing amount of evidence ranging from their direct interaction to the engagement of in-common partners and culminating with their respective impact on microtubule-dependent neuronal functions. Last, but not least, it is becoming even more clear that α-synuclein and tubulin work synergically towards pathological aggregation, ultimately resulting in neurodegeneration. In this respect, we supply a novel perspective towards the understanding of α-synuclein biology and, most importantly, of the link between α-synuclein with microtubule cytoskeleton and its impact for neurodegeneration and future development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Mazzetti
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Fondazione Grigioni per il Morbo di Parkinson, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gianni Pezzoli
- Fondazione Grigioni per il Morbo di Parkinson, Milan, Italy
| | - Graziella Cappelletti
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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Chen J, Liu Y, Zhou K, Zhang W, Wen B, Xu K, Liu Y, Chen L, Huang Y, He B, Hang W, Chen J. DISC1 inhibits GSK3β activity to prevent tau hyperphosphorylation under diabetic encephalopathy. Biofactors 2023; 49:173-184. [PMID: 36070513 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic encephalopathy (DE) is a common complication of type 2 diabetes (T2D), especially in those patients with long T2D history. Persistent high glucose (HG) stimulation leads to neuron damage and manifests like Alzheimer's disease's pathological features such as neurofilament tangle. However, the precise mechanism of high-glucose-induced tau hyperphosphorylation is not fully revealed. We here gave evidence that Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 protein (DISC1) could interact with glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and inhibit its activity to prevent tau hyperphosphorylation. By using DB/DB mice as animal model and HG-treated N2a cell as cell model, we found that DISC1 was downregulated both in vivo and in vitro, complicated with Tau hyperphosphorylation and GSK3β activation. Further, we identified DISC1 interacted with GSK3β by its 198th-237th amino acid residues. Overexpression of full length DISC1 but not mutated DISC1 lacking this domain could prevent HG induced tau hyperphosphorylation. Taken together, our work revealed DISC1 could be an important negative modulators of tau phosphorylation, and suggested that preservation of DISC1 could prevent HG induced neuron damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehui Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Keru Zhou
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatric, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bin Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Cell Architecture Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Cell Architecture Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yazhou Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Cell Architecture Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatric, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lichuan People's Hospital, Lichuan, China
| | - Benhong He
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lichuan People's Hospital, Lichuan, China
| | - Weijian Hang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatric, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cell Architecture Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Conze C, Trushina NI, Holtmannspötter M, Rierola M, Attanasio S, Bakota L, Piehler J, Brandt R. Super-resolution imaging and quantitative analysis of microtubule arrays in model neurons show that epothilone D increases the density but decreases the length and straightness of microtubules in axon-like processes. Brain Res Bull 2022; 190:234-243. [PMID: 36244582 PMCID: PMC9634454 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules are essential for the development of neurons and the regulation of their structural plasticity. Microtubules also provide the structural basis for the long-distance transport of cargo. Various factors influence the organization and dynamics of neuronal microtubules, and disturbance of microtubule regulation is thought to play a central role in neurodegenerative diseases. However, imaging and quantitative assessment of the microtubule organization in the densely packed neuronal processes is challenging. The development of super-resolution techniques combined with the use of nanobodies offers new possibilities to visualize microtubules in neurites in high resolution. In combination with recently developed computational analysis tools, this allows automated quantification of neuronal microtubule organization with high precision. Here we have implemented three-dimensional DNA-PAINT (Point Accumulation in Nanoscale Topography), a single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) technique, which allows us to acquire 3D arrays of the microtubule lattice in axons of model neurons (neuronally differentiated PC12 cells) and dendrites of primary neurons. For the quantitative analysis of the microtubule organization, we used the open-source software package SMLM image filament extractor (SIFNE). We found that treatment with nanomolar concentrations of the microtubule-targeting drug epothilone D (EpoD) increased microtubule density in axon-like processes of model neurons and shifted the microtubule length distribution to shorter ones, with a mean microtubule length of 2.39 µm (without EpoD) and 1.98 µm (with EpoD). We also observed a significant decrease in microtubule straightness after EpoD treatment. The changes in microtubule density were consistent with live-cell imaging measurements of ensemble microtubule dynamics using a previously established Fluorescence Decay After Photoactivation (FDAP) assay. For comparison, we determined the organization of the microtubule array in dendrites of primary hippocampal neurons. We observed that dendritic microtubules have a very similar length distribution and straightness compared to microtubules in axon-like processes of a neuronal cell line. Our data show that super-resolution imaging of microtubules followed by algorithm-based image analysis represents a powerful tool to quantitatively assess changes in microtubule organization in neuronal processes, useful to determine the effect of microtubule-modulating conditions. We also provide evidence that the approach is robust and can be applied to neuronal cell lines or primary neurons, both after incorporation of labeled tubulin and by anti-tubulin antibody staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Conze
- Department of Neurobiology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | | | | | - Marina Rierola
- Department of Neurobiology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Simone Attanasio
- Department of Neurobiology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Lidia Bakota
- Department of Neurobiology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jacob Piehler
- Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany; Division of Biophysics, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Roland Brandt
- Department of Neurobiology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany; Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany.
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10
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Damuka N, Orr ME, Bansode AH, Krizan I, Miller M, Lee J, Macauley SL, Whitlow CT, Mintz A, Craft S, Solingapuram Sai KK. Preliminary mechanistic insights of a brain-penetrant microtubule imaging PET ligand in a tau-knockout mouse model. EJNMMI Res 2022; 12:41. [PMID: 35881263 PMCID: PMC9325934 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-022-00912-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microtubules (MTs) are critical for cell structure, function, and survival. MT instability may contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis as evidenced by persistent negative regulation (phosphorylation) of the neuronal microtubule-associated protein tau. Hyperphosphorylated tau, not bound to MTs, forms intraneuronal pathology that correlates with dementia and can be tracked using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. The contribution of MT instability in AD remains unknown, though it may be more proximal to neuronal dysfunction than tau accumulation. Our lab reported the first brain-penetrant MT-based PET ligand, [11C]MPC-6827, and its PET imaging with this ligand in normal rodents and non-human primates demonstrated high brain uptake and excellent pharmacokinetics. Target engagement and mechanism of action using in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo methods were evaluated here. METHODS In vitro cell uptake assay was performed in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells with [11C]MPC-6827, with various MT stabilizing and destabilizing agents. To validate the in vitro results, wild type (WT) mice (n = 4) treated with a brain-penetrant MT stabilizing drug (EpoD) underwent microPET/CT brain imaging with [11C]MPC-6827. To determine the influence of tau protein on radiotracer binding in the absence of protein accumulation, we utilized tau knockout (KO) mice. In vivo microPET imaging, ex vivo biodistribution, and autoradiography studies were performed in tau KO and WT mice (n = 6/group) with [11C]MPC-6827. Additionally, α, β, and acetylated tubulin levels in both brain samples were determined using commercially available cytoskeleton-based MT kit and capillary electrophoresis immunoblotting assays. RESULTS Cell uptake demonstrated higher radioactive uptake with MT destabilizing agents and lower uptake with stabilizing agents compared to untreated cells. Similarly, acute treatment with EpoD in WT mice decreased [11C]MPC-6827 brain uptake, assessed with microPET/CT imaging. Compared to WT mice, tau KO mice expressed significantly lower β tubulin, which contains the MPC-6827 binding domain, and modestly lower levels of acetylated α tubulin, indicative of unstable MTs. In vivo imaging revealed significantly higher [11C]MPC-6827 uptake in tau KOs than WT, particularly in AD-relevant brain regions known to express high levels of tau. Ex vivo post-PET biodistribution and autoradiography confirmed the in vivo results. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data indicate that [11C]MPC-6827 uptake inversely correlates with MT stability and may better reflect the absence of tau than total tubulin levels. Given the radiotracer binding does not require the presence of aggregated tau, we hypothesize that [11C]MPC-6827 may be particularly useful in preclinical stages of AD prior to tau deposition. Our study provides immediate clarity on high uptake of the MT-based radiotracer in AD brains, which directly informs clinical utility in MT/tau-based PET imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Damuka
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Miranda E. Orr
- Department of Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Avinash H. Bansode
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Ivan Krizan
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Mack Miller
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Jillian Lee
- Department of Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Shannon L. Macauley
- Department of Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | | | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology, Columbia Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Department of Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA
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11
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Expression Analysis of Genes Involved in Transport Processes in Mice with MPTP-Induced Model of Parkinson’s Disease. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050751. [PMID: 35629417 PMCID: PMC9146539 DOI: 10.3390/life12050751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Processes of intracellular and extracellular transport play one of the most important roles in the functioning of cells. Changes to transport mechanisms in a neuron can lead to the disruption of many cellular processes and even to cell death. It was shown that disruption of the processes of vesicular, axonal, and synaptic transport can lead to a number of diseases of the central nervous system, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here, we studied changes in the expression of genes whose protein products are involved in the transport processes (Snca, Drd2, Rab5a, Anxa2, and Nsf) in the brain tissues and peripheral blood of mice with MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine)-induced models of PD. We detected changes in the expressions of Drd2, Anxa2, and Nsf at the earliest modeling stages. Additionally, we have identified conspicuous changes in the expression level of Anxa2 in the striatum and substantia nigra of mice with MPTP-induced models of PD in its early stages. These data clearly suggest the involvement of protein products in these genes in the earliest stages of the pathogenesis of PD.
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12
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Peña-Ortega F, Robles-Gómez ÁA, Xolalpa-Cueva L. Microtubules as Regulators of Neural Network Shape and Function: Focus on Excitability, Plasticity and Memory. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060923. [PMID: 35326374 PMCID: PMC8946818 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal microtubules (MTs) are complex cytoskeletal protein arrays that undergo activity-dependent changes in their structure and function as a response to physiological demands throughout the lifespan of neurons. Many factors shape the allostatic dynamics of MTs and tubulin dimers in the cytosolic microenvironment, such as protein–protein interactions and activity-dependent shifts in these interactions that are responsible for their plastic capabilities. Recently, several findings have reinforced the role of MTs in behavioral and cognitive processes in normal and pathological conditions. In this review, we summarize the bidirectional relationships between MTs dynamics, neuronal processes, and brain and behavioral states. The outcomes of manipulating the dynamicity of MTs by genetic or pharmacological approaches on neuronal morphology, intrinsic and synaptic excitability, the state of the network, and behaviors are heterogeneous. We discuss the critical position of MTs as responders and adaptative elements of basic neuronal function whose impact on brain function is not fully understood, and we highlight the dilemma of artificially modulating MT dynamics for therapeutic purposes.
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13
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Wnek GE, Costa ACS, Kozawa SK. Bio-Mimicking, Electrical Excitability Phenomena Associated With Synthetic Macromolecular Systems: A Brief Review With Connections to the Cytoskeleton and Membraneless Organelles. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:830892. [PMID: 35321030 PMCID: PMC8937024 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.830892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical excitability of cells, tissues and organs is a fundamental phenomenon in biology and physiology. Signatures of excitability include transient currents resulting from a constant or varying voltage gradient across compartments. Interestingly, such signatures can be observed with non-biologically-derived, macromolecular systems. Initial key literature, dating to roughly the late 1960’s into the early 1990’s, is reviewed here. We suggest that excitability in response to electrical stimulation is a material phenomenon that is exploited by living organisms, but that is not exclusive to living systems. Furthermore, given the ubiquity of biological hydrogels, we also speculate that excitability in protocells of primordial organisms might have shared some of the same molecular mechanisms seen in non-biological macromolecular systems, and that vestigial traces of such mechanisms may still play important roles in modern organisms’ biological hydrogels. Finally, we also speculate that bio-mimicking excitability of synthetic macromolecular systems might have practical biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary E. Wnek
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Gary E. Wnek,
| | - Alberto C. S. Costa
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Alberto C. S. Costa,
| | - Susan K. Kozawa
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Chambraud B, Byrne C, Meduri G, Baulieu EE, Giustiniani J. FKBP52 in Neuronal Signaling and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Microtubule Story. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031738. [PMID: 35163662 PMCID: PMC8836061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The FK506-binding protein 52 (FKBP52) belongs to a large family of ubiquitously expressed and highly conserved proteins (FKBPs) that share an FKBP domain and possess Peptidyl-Prolyl Isomerase (PPIase) activity. PPIase activity catalyzes the isomerization of Peptidyl-Prolyl bonds and therefore influences target protein folding and function. FKBP52 is particularly abundant in the nervous system and is partially associated with the microtubule network in different cell types suggesting its implication in microtubule function. Various studies have focused on FKBP52, highlighting its importance in several neuronal microtubule-dependent signaling pathways and its possible implication in neurodegenerative diseases such as tauopathies (i.e., Alzheimer disease) and alpha-synucleinopathies (i.e., Parkinson disease). This review summarizes our current understanding of FKBP52 actions in the microtubule environment, its implication in neuronal signaling and function, its interactions with other members of the FKBPs family and its involvement in neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Chambraud
- INSERM U1195, Université Paris-Saclay, 80 Rue du Général Leclerc, 94276 Kremlin-Bicêtre, France;
| | - Cillian Byrne
- Institut Professeur Baulieu, 80 Rue du Général Leclerc, 94276 Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (C.B.); (G.M.)
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM7203, CNRS, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Geri Meduri
- Institut Professeur Baulieu, 80 Rue du Général Leclerc, 94276 Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (C.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Etienne Emile Baulieu
- INSERM U1195, Université Paris-Saclay, 80 Rue du Général Leclerc, 94276 Kremlin-Bicêtre, France;
- Institut Professeur Baulieu, 80 Rue du Général Leclerc, 94276 Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (C.B.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence: (E.E.B.); (J.G.); Tel.: +33-1-49-59-18-72 (J.G.); Fax: +33-1-49-59-92-03 (J.G.)
| | - Julien Giustiniani
- INSERM U1195, Université Paris-Saclay, 80 Rue du Général Leclerc, 94276 Kremlin-Bicêtre, France;
- Institut Professeur Baulieu, 80 Rue du Général Leclerc, 94276 Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (C.B.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence: (E.E.B.); (J.G.); Tel.: +33-1-49-59-18-72 (J.G.); Fax: +33-1-49-59-92-03 (J.G.)
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15
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Chen R, Du S, Yao Y, Zhang L, Luo J, Shen Y, Xu Z, Zeng X, Zhang L, Liu M, Yin C, Tang B, Tan J, Xu X, Liu JY. A Novel SPAST Mutation Results in Spastin Accumulation and Defects in Microtubule Dynamics. Mov Disord 2021; 37:598-607. [PMID: 34927746 PMCID: PMC9300132 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Haploinsufficiency is widely accepted as the pathogenic mechanism of spastic paraplegia type 4 (SPG4). However, there are some cases that cannot be explained by reduced function of the spastin protein encoded by SPAST. Objectives To identify the causative gene of autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia in three large Chinese families and explore the pathological mechanism of a spastin variant. Methods Three large Chinese hereditary spastic paraplegia families with a total of 247 individuals (67 patients) were investigated, of whom 59 members were recruited to the study. Genetic testing was performed to identify the causative gene. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to analyze the effects of the mutant proteins in vitro. Results In the three hereditary spastic paraplegia families, of whom three index cases were misdiagnosed as other types of neurological diseases, a novel c.985dupA (p.Met329Asnfs*3) variant in SPAST was identified and was shown to cosegregate with the phenotype in the three families. The c.985dupA mutation produced two truncated mutants (mutant M1 and M87 isoforms) that accumulated to a higher level than their wild‐type counterparts. Furthermore, the mutant M1 isoform heavily decorated the microtubules and rendered them resistant to depolymerization. In contrast, the mutant M87 isoform was diffusely localized in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm, could not decorate microtubules, and was not able to promote microtubule disassembly. Conclusions SPAST mutations leading to premature stop codons do not always act through haploinsufficiency. The truncated spastin may damage the corticospinal tracts through an isoform‐specific toxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Shiyue Du
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Yanyi Yao
- Medical Genetics Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Junyu Luo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Yinhua Shen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenping Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaomei Zeng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Luoying Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Mugen Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Chuang Yin
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Tan
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xuan Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yu Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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16
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Santiago-Mujika E, Luthi-Carter R, Giorgini F, Kalaria RN, Mukaetova-Ladinska EB. Tubulin and Tubulin Posttranslational Modifications in Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:730107. [PMID: 34776926 PMCID: PMC8586541 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.730107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) are the two most common forms of dementia in older people. Although these two dementia types differ in their etiology, they share many pathophysiological and morphological features, including neuronal loss, which is associated with the microtubule (MT) destabilization. Stabilization of MTs is achieved in different ways: through interactions with MT binding proteins (MTBP) or by posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of tubulin. Polyglutamylation and tyrosination are two foremost PTMs that regulate the interaction between MTs and MTBPs, and play, therefore, a role in neurodegeneration. In this review, we summarize key information on tubulin PTMs in relation to AD and VaD and address the importance of studying further the tubulin code to reveal sites of potential intervention in development of novel and effective dementia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estibaliz Santiago-Mujika
- Department of Neuroscience, Behavior and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Luthi-Carter
- Department of Neuroscience, Behavior and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Flaviano Giorgini
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Raj N. Kalaria
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeta B. Mukaetova-Ladinska
- Department of Neuroscience, Behavior and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Evington Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
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17
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Arora S, Sharma D, Layek B, Singh J. A Review of Brain-Targeted Nonviral Gene-Based Therapies for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:4237-4255. [PMID: 34705472 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) are difficult to treat owing to the complexity of the brain and the presence of a natural blood-brain-barrier (BBB). Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the major progressive and currently incurable neurodegenerative disorders of the CNS, which accounts for 60-80% of cases of dementia. The pathophysiology of AD involves the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain. Additionally, synaptic loss and imbalance of neuronal signaling molecules are characterized as important markers of AD. Existing treatments of AD help in the management of its symptoms and aim toward the maintenance of cognitive functions, behavior, and attenuation of gradual memory loss. Over the past decade, nonviral gene therapy has attracted increasing interest due to its various advantages over its viral counterparts. Moreover, advancements in nonviral gene technology have led to their increasing contributions in clinical trials. However, brain-targeted nonviral gene delivery vectors come across various extracellular and intracellular barriers, limiting their ability to transfer the therapeutic gene into the target cells. Chief barriers to nonviral gene therapy have been discussed briefly in this review. We have also highlighted the rapid advancement of several nonviral gene therapies for AD, which are broadly categorized into physical and chemical methods. These methods aim to modulate Aβ, beta-site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), apolipoprotein E, or neurotrophic factors' expression in the CNS. Overall, this review discusses challenges and recent advancements of nonviral gene therapy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, United States
| | - Divya Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, United States
| | - Buddhadev Layek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, United States
| | - Jagdish Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, United States
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18
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Siddiqui A, Shah Z, Jahan RN, Othman I, Kumari Y. Mechanistic role of boswellic acids in Alzheimer's disease: Emphasis on anti-inflammatory properties. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112250. [PMID: 34607104 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The resin/gum of Boswellia species belonging to the family of Burseraceae is a naturally occurring mixture of bioactive compounds, which was traditionally used as a folk medicine to treat conditions like chronic inflammation. Several research studies have also explored its' therapeutic potential against multiple neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The main chemical constituents of this gum include boswellic acids (BAs) like 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β boswellic acid (AKBA) that possess potent anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties in AD. It is also involved in inhibiting the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the cholinergic pathway and improve choline levels as well as its binding with nicotinic receptors to produce anti-inflammatory effects. Multiple shreds of evidence have demonstrated that BAs modulate key molecular targets and signalling pathways like 5-lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase, Nrf2, NF-kB, cholinergic, amyloid-beta (Aβ), and neurofibrillary tangles formation (NFTs) that are involved in AD progression. The present review focuses on the possible mechanistic therapeutic role of BAs in modulating the 5-LOX/COX pathway in arachidonic acid metabolism, activating Nrf2 through binding of ARE, inhibiting NF-kB and AChE activity. In addition, an inhibition of amyloid plaques (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) induced neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation in AD by BAs is also discussed in this review. We have also highlighted that BAs possess beneficial effects in AD by targeting multiple molecular pathways and makes it an emerging drug candidate for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Siddiqui
- Neurological disorder and aging research group (NDA), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zahoor Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo 43614, OH, USA
| | - Rao Nargis Jahan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yatinesh Kumari
- Neurological disorder and aging research group (NDA), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Chen L, Hu Q, Liu H, Zhao Y, Chan SO, Wang J. Nogo-A Induced Polymerization of Microtubule Is Involved in the Inflammatory Heat Hyperalgesia in Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910360. [PMID: 34638704 PMCID: PMC8508904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The microtubule, a major constituent of cytoskeletons, was shown to bind and interact with transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1 (TRPV1), and serves a pivotal role to produce thermal hyperalgesia in inflammatory pain. Nogo-A is a modulator of microtubule assembly and plays a key role in maintaining the function of TRPV1 in inflammatory heat pain. However, whether the microtubule dynamics modulated by Nogo-A in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons participate in the inflammatory pain is not elucidated. Here we reported that the polymerization of microtubules in the DRG neurons, as indicated by the acetylated α-tubulin, tubulin polymerization-promoting protein 3 (TPPP3), and microtubule numbers, was significantly elevated in the complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) induced inflammatory pain. Consistent with our previous results, knock-out (KO) of Nogo-A protein significantly attenuated the heat hyperalgesia 72 h after CFA injection and decreased the microtubule polymerization via up-regulation of phosphorylation of collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) in DRG. The colocalization of acetylated α-tubulin and TRPV1 in DRG neurons was also reduced dramatically in Nogo-A KO rats under inflammatory pain. Moreover, the down-regulation of TRPV1 in DRG of Nogo-A KO rats after injection of CFA was reversed by intrathecal injection of paclitaxel, a microtubule stabilizer. Furthermore, intrathecal injection of nocodazole (a microtubule disruptor) attenuated significantly the CFA-induced inflammatory heat hyperalgesia and the mechanical pain in a rat model of spared nerve injury (SNI). In these SNI cases, the Nogo-A and acetylated α-tubulin in DRG were also significantly up-regulated. We conclude that the polymerization of microtubules promoted by Nogo-A in DRG contributes to the development of inflammatory heat hyperalgesia mediated by TRPV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.C.); (Q.H.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Qiguo Hu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.C.); (Q.H.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Huaicun Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.C.); (Q.H.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.C.); (Q.H.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Sun-On Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: (S.-O.C.); (J.W.); Tel.: +85-2-3943-6898 (S.-O.C.); +86-10-8280-1119 (J.W.)
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.C.); (Q.H.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: (S.-O.C.); (J.W.); Tel.: +85-2-3943-6898 (S.-O.C.); +86-10-8280-1119 (J.W.)
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Gasiorowska A, Wydrych M, Drapich P, Zadrozny M, Steczkowska M, Niewiadomski W, Niewiadomska G. The Biology and Pathobiology of Glutamatergic, Cholinergic, and Dopaminergic Signaling in the Aging Brain. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:654931. [PMID: 34326765 PMCID: PMC8315271 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.654931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The elderly population is growing worldwide, with important health and socioeconomic implications. Clinical and experimental studies on aging have uncovered numerous changes in the brain, such as decreased neurogenesis, increased synaptic defects, greater metabolic stress, and enhanced inflammation. These changes are associated with cognitive decline and neurobehavioral deficits. Although aging is not a disease, it is a significant risk factor for functional worsening, affective impairment, disease exaggeration, dementia, and general disease susceptibility. Conversely, life events related to mental stress and trauma can also lead to accelerated age-associated disorders and dementia. Here, we review human studies and studies on mice and rats, such as those modeling human neurodegenerative diseases, that have helped elucidate (1) the dynamics and mechanisms underlying the biological and pathological aging of the main projecting systems in the brain (glutamatergic, cholinergic, and dopaminergic) and (2) the effect of defective glutamatergic, cholinergic, and dopaminergic projection on disabilities associated with aging and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Detailed knowledge of the mechanisms of age-related diseases can be an important element in the development of effective ways of treatment. In this context, we briefly analyze which adverse changes associated with neurodegenerative diseases in the cholinergic, glutaminergic and dopaminergic systems could be targeted by therapeutic strategies developed as a result of our better understanding of these damaging mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gasiorowska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Wydrych
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patrycja Drapich
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Zadrozny
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Steczkowska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiktor Niewiadomski
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grazyna Niewiadomska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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21
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Bhardwaj S, Kesari KK, Rachamalla M, Mani S, Ashraf GM, Jha SK, Kumar P, Ambasta RK, Dureja H, Devkota HP, Gupta G, Chellappan DK, Singh SK, Dua K, Ruokolainen J, Kamal MA, Ojha S, Jha NK. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing: New hope for Alzheimer's disease therapeutics. J Adv Res 2021; 40:207-221. [PMID: 36100328 PMCID: PMC9481950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2 are known factors for AD pathobiology. CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing approach hold promises in AD management. CRISPR/Cas9 is utilized to help correct anomalous genetic functions. Off-target mutations may impair the functionality of edited cells. Non-viral vectors show better efficacy and safety than viral vectors.
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an insidious, irreversible, and progressive neurodegenerative health condition manifesting as cognitive deficits and amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Approximately 50 million individuals are affected by AD, and the number is rapidly increasing globally. This review explores the role of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in the management of AD and its clinical manifestations. Aim of Review This review aims to provide a deep insight into the recent progress in CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing and its use against neurodegenerative disorders, specifically AD. However, we have referred to its use against parkinsons’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), and other human diseases, as is one of the most promising and emerging technologies for disease treatment. Key Scientific Concepts of Review The pathophysiology of AD is known to be linked with gene mutations, that is, presenilin (PSEN) and amyloid beta precursor protein (APP). However, clinical trials focused at the genetic level could not meet the desired efficiency. The CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing tool is one of the most powerful technologies for correcting inconsistent genetic signatures and now extensively used for AD management. It has significant potential for the correction of undesired gene mutations associated with AD. This technology has allowed the development of empirical AD models, therapeutic lines, and diagnostic approaches for better understanding the nervous system, from in vitro to in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanu Bhardwaj
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India
| | - Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Mahesh Rachamalla
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Shalini Mani
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Emerging Disease, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India
| | - Harish Dureja
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara-144411, Punjab, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Janne Ruokolainen
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- West China School of Nursing / Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Enzymoics, NSW 2770; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 17666, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India.
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22
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Amaral LD, Santos NAGD, Sisti FM, Del Bel E, Santos ACD. The antibiotic doxycycline mimics the NGF signaling in PC12 cells: A relevant mechanism for neuroprotection. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 341:109454. [PMID: 33798505 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Doxycycline has been used as antibiotic since the 1960s. Recently, studies have shown that doxycycline is neuroprotective in models of neurodegenerative diseases and brain injuries, mainly due to anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. However, it is not known if doxycycline has neurotrophic potential, which is relevant, considering the role of axonal degeneration at the early stages of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Parkinson's disease as well as in normal aging. Axons are preceded by the formation of neurites, the hallmark of the neuronal differentiation induced by neurotrophins like NGF. Therefore, the modulation of neurotrophin receptors aimed at formation and regeneration of axons has been proposed as a strategy to delay the progression of neurodegeneration and has gained relevance as new techniques for early diagnosis arise. Based on these premises, we investigated the potential of doxycycline to mimic the effects of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) with focus on the signaling pathways and neuronal modulators of neurite initiation, growth and branching. We used PC12 cells, a neuronal model widely employed to study the neurotrophic pathways and mechanisms induced by NGF. Results showed that doxycycline induced neurite outgrowth via activation of the trkA receptor and the downstream signaling pathways, PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK, without inducing the expression of NGF. Doxycycline also increased the expression of GAP-43, synapsin I and NF200, proteins involved in axonal and synaptic plasticity. Altogether, these data demonstrate, for the first time, the neurotrophic potential of doxycycline, which might be useful to restore the neuronal connectivity lost at the initial phase of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian do Amaral
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Av Do Café S/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Neife Aparecida Guinaim Dos Santos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Av Do Café S/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia Malvestio Sisti
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Av Do Café S/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine Del Bel
- Departamento de Morfologia, Estomatologia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto - USP, 14040-904, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Antônio Cardozo Dos Santos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Av Do Café S/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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23
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López-Ortiz S, Pinto-Fraga J, Valenzuela PL, Martín-Hernández J, Seisdedos MM, García-López O, Toschi N, Di Giuliano F, Garaci F, Mercuri NB, Nisticò R, Emanuele E, Lista S, Lucia A, Santos-Lozano A. Physical Exercise and Alzheimer's Disease: Effects on Pathophysiological Molecular Pathways of the Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062897. [PMID: 33809300 PMCID: PMC7999827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of neurodegenerative dementia in adults worldwide, is a multifactorial and heterogeneous disorder characterized by the interaction of genetic and epigenetic factors and the dysregulation of numerous intracellular signaling and cellular/molecular pathways. The introduction of the systems biology framework is revolutionizing the study of complex diseases by allowing the identification and integration of cellular/molecular pathways and networks of interaction. Here, we reviewed the relationship between physical activity and the next pathophysiological processes involved in the risk of developing AD, based on some crucial molecular pathways and biological process dysregulated in AD: (1) Immune system and inflammation; (2) Endothelial function and cerebrovascular insufficiency; (3) Apoptosis and cell death; (4) Intercellular communication; (5) Metabolism, oxidative stress and neurotoxicity; (6) DNA damage and repair; (7) Cytoskeleton and membrane proteins; (8) Synaptic plasticity. Moreover, we highlighted the increasingly relevant role played by advanced neuroimaging technologies, including structural/functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and arterial spin labelling, in exploring the link between AD and physical exercise. Regular physical exercise seems to have a protective effect against AD by inhibiting different pathophysiological molecular pathways implicated in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana López-Ortiz
- i+HeALTH Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, 47012 Valladolid, Spain; (S.L.-O.); (J.P.-F.); (J.M.-H.); (M.M.S.); (A.S.-L.)
| | - Jose Pinto-Fraga
- i+HeALTH Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, 47012 Valladolid, Spain; (S.L.-O.); (J.P.-F.); (J.M.-H.); (M.M.S.); (A.S.-L.)
| | - Pedro L. Valenzuela
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (P.L.V.); (O.G.-L.); (S.L.)
| | - Juan Martín-Hernández
- i+HeALTH Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, 47012 Valladolid, Spain; (S.L.-O.); (J.P.-F.); (J.M.-H.); (M.M.S.); (A.S.-L.)
| | - María M. Seisdedos
- i+HeALTH Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, 47012 Valladolid, Spain; (S.L.-O.); (J.P.-F.); (J.M.-H.); (M.M.S.); (A.S.-L.)
| | - Oscar García-López
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (P.L.V.); (O.G.-L.); (S.L.)
| | - Nicola Toschi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (N.T.); (F.G.)
- Department of Radiology, “Athinoula A. Martinos” Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Francesca Di Giuliano
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Garaci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (N.T.); (F.G.)
- Casa di Cura “San Raffaele Cassino”, 03043 Cassino, Italy
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Robert Nisticò
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, 00161 Rome, Italy;
- School of Pharmacy, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Simone Lista
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (P.L.V.); (O.G.-L.); (S.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (P.L.V.); (O.G.-L.); (S.L.)
- Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre (“imas12”), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomeédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- i+HeALTH Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, 47012 Valladolid, Spain; (S.L.-O.); (J.P.-F.); (J.M.-H.); (M.M.S.); (A.S.-L.)
- Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre (“imas12”), 28041 Madrid, Spain
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24
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Nguyen PH, Ramamoorthy A, Sahoo BR, Zheng J, Faller P, Straub JE, Dominguez L, Shea JE, Dokholyan NV, De Simone A, Ma B, Nussinov R, Najafi S, Ngo ST, Loquet A, Chiricotto M, Ganguly P, McCarty J, Li MS, Hall C, Wang Y, Miller Y, Melchionna S, Habenstein B, Timr S, Chen J, Hnath B, Strodel B, Kayed R, Lesné S, Wei G, Sterpone F, Doig AJ, Derreumaux P. Amyloid Oligomers: A Joint Experimental/Computational Perspective on Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Type II Diabetes, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2545-2647. [PMID: 33543942 PMCID: PMC8836097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 122.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein misfolding and aggregation is observed in many amyloidogenic diseases affecting either the central nervous system or a variety of peripheral tissues. Structural and dynamic characterization of all species along the pathways from monomers to fibrils is challenging by experimental and computational means because they involve intrinsically disordered proteins in most diseases. Yet understanding how amyloid species become toxic is the challenge in developing a treatment for these diseases. Here we review what computer, in vitro, in vivo, and pharmacological experiments tell us about the accumulation and deposition of the oligomers of the (Aβ, tau), α-synuclein, IAPP, and superoxide dismutase 1 proteins, which have been the mainstream concept underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), type II diabetes (T2D), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) research, respectively, for many years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong H Nguyen
- CNRS, UPR9080, Université de Paris, Laboratory of Theoretical Biochemistry, IBPC, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Bikash R Sahoo
- Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Peter Faller
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - John E Straub
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Laura Dominguez
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Joan-Emma Shea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Nikolay V Dokholyan
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
- Department of Chemistry, and Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Alfonso De Simone
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Molecular Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Buyong Ma
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
- Sackler Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Saeed Najafi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Son Tung Ngo
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics & Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, 33000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Antoine Loquet
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects, (UMR5248 CBMN), CNRS, Université Bordeaux, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Mara Chiricotto
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Pritam Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - James McCarty
- Chemistry Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225, United States
| | - Mai Suan Li
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology, SBI Building, Quang Trung Software City, Tan Chanh Hiep Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carol Hall
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Yifat Miller
- Department of Chemistry and The Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel
| | | | - Birgit Habenstein
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects, (UMR5248 CBMN), CNRS, Université Bordeaux, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Stepan Timr
- CNRS, UPR9080, Université de Paris, Laboratory of Theoretical Biochemistry, IBPC, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Jiaxing Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Brianna Hnath
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Birgit Strodel
- Institute of Complex Systems: Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Rakez Kayed
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Sylvain Lesné
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Guanghong Wei
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Science, Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Fabio Sterpone
- CNRS, UPR9080, Université de Paris, Laboratory of Theoretical Biochemistry, IBPC, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Andrew J Doig
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Philippe Derreumaux
- CNRS, UPR9080, Université de Paris, Laboratory of Theoretical Biochemistry, IBPC, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Ton Duc Thang University, 33000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, 33000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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25
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Langeh U, Singh S. Targeting S100B Protein as a Surrogate Biomarker and its Role in Various Neurological Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:265-277. [PMID: 32727332 PMCID: PMC8033985 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200729100427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders (ND) are the central nervous system (CNS) related complications originated by enhanced oxidative stress, mitochondrial failure and overexpression of proteins like S100B. S100B is a helix-loop-helix protein with the calcium-binding domain associated with various neurological disorders through activation of the MAPK pathway, increased NF-kB expression resulting in cell survival, proliferation and gene up-regulation. S100B protein plays a crucial role in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, Schizophrenia and epilepsy because the high expression of this protein directly targets astrocytes and promotes neuroinflammation. Under stressful conditions, S100B produces toxic effects mediated through receptor for advanced glycation end products (AGE) binding. S100B also mediates neuroprotection, minimizes microgliosis and reduces the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) but that are concentration- dependent mechanisms. Increased level of S100B is useful for assessing the release of inflammatory markers, nitric oxide and excitotoxicity dependent neuronal loss. The present review summarizes the role of S100B in various neurological disorders and potential therapeutic measures to reduce the prevalence of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvashi Langeh
- Department of Neuropharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Department of Neuropharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
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26
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Pandey M, Choudhury H, Verma RK, Chawla V, Bhattamisra SK, Gorain B, Raja MAG, Amjad MW. Nanoparticles Based Intranasal Delivery of Drug to Treat Alzheimer's Disease: A Recent Update. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 19:648-662. [PMID: 32819251 DOI: 10.2174/1871527319999200819095620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer Association Report (2019) stated that the 6th primary cause of death in the USA is Alzheimer's Disease (AD), which leads to behaviour and cognitive impairment. Nearly 5.8 million peoples of all ages in the USA have suffered from this disease, including 5.6 million elderly populations. The statistics of the progression of this disease is similar to the global scenario. Still, the treatment of AD is limited to a few conventional oral drugs, which often fail to deliver an adequate amount of the drug in the brain. The reduction in the therapeutic efficacy of an anti-AD drug is due to poor solubility, existence to the blood-brain barrier and low permeability. In this context, nasal drug delivery emerges as a promising route for the delivery of large and small molecular drugs for the treatment of AD. This promising pathway delivers the drug directly into the brain via an olfactory route, which leads to the low systemic side effect, enhanced bioavailability, and higher therapeutic efficacy. However, few setbacks, such as mucociliary clearance and poor drug mucosal permeation, limit its translation from the laboratory to the clinic. The above stated limitation could be overcome by the adaption of nanoparticle as a drug delivery carrier, which may lead to prolong delivery of drugs with better permeability and high efficacy. This review highlights the latest work on the development of promising Nanoparticles (NPs) via the intranasal route for the treatment of AD. Additionally, the current update in this article will draw the attention of the researcher working on these fields and facing challenges in practical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University-Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hira Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University-Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rohit Kumar Verma
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University- Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Viney Chawla
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, India
| | - Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra
- Department of Life sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University-Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bapi Gorain
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | | | - Muhammad Wahab Amjad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Saudi Arabia
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Duggal P, Jadaun KS, Siqqiqui EM, Mehan S. Investigation of Low Dose Cabazitaxel Potential as Microtubule Stabilizer in Experimental Model of Alzheimer's Disease: Restoring Neuronal Cytoskeleton. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 17:601-615. [PMID: 33030130 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666201007120112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronal Microtubule (MT) tau protein, providing cytoskeleton to neuronal cells, plays a vital role, including maintenance of cell shape, intracellular transport, and cell division. Tau hyperphosphorylation mediated MT destabilization results in axonopathy, additionally neurotransmitter deficit and ultimately causing Alzheimer's disease. Pre-clinically, streptozotocin (3mg/kg, 10μl/ unilateral, ICV) stereotaxically mimics the behavioral and neurochemical alterations similar to Alzheimer's tau pathology resulting in MT assembly defects further lead to neuropathological cascades. OBJECTIVE Clinically approved medications such as Donepezil (DNP), rivastigmine, and Memantine (MEM) are responsible for symptomatic care only, but there is no specific pharmacological intervention that directly interacts with the neuronal microtubule destabilization. METHODS The current study focused on the involvement of anti-cancer agent microtubule stabilizer cabazitaxel at a low dose (0.5 and 2 mg/kg) alone and in combination with standard drugs DNP (5 mg/kg), MEM (10 mg/kg) and microtubule stabilizer Epothilone D (EpoD) (3 mg/kg) in the prevention of intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (ICV-STZ) intoxicated microtubule-associated tau protein hyperphosphorylation. RESULTS Chronic treatment of CBZ at a low dose alone and in combination with standard drugs showing no side effect and significantly improve the cognitive impairment, neurochemical alterations along with reducing the level of hyperphosphorylated tau by preventing the breakdown of the neuronal cytoskeleton, respectively. CONCLUSION The above findings suggested that CBZ at low dose show neuroprotective effects against ICV-STZ induced microtubule-associated tau protein hyperphosphorylation in rats and may be an effective agent for the preventive treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Duggal
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Kuldeep S Jadaun
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Ehraz M Siqqiqui
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
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28
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Sarkar T, Patro N, Patro IK. Neuronal changes and cognitive deficits in a multi-hit rat model following cumulative impact of early life stressors. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio054130. [PMID: 32878878 PMCID: PMC7522020 DOI: 10.1242/bio.054130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Perinatal protein malnourishment (LP) is a leading cause for mental and physical retardation in children from poor socioeconomic conditions. Such malnourished children are vulnerable to additional stressors that may synergistically act to cause neurological disorders in adulthood. In this study, the above mentioned condition was mimicked via a multi-hit rat model in which pups born to LP mothers were co-injected with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C; viral mimetic) at postnatal day (PND) 3 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS; bacterial mimetic) at PND 9. Individual exposure of Poly I:C and LPS was also given to LP pups to correlate chronicity of stress. Similar treatments were also given to control pups. Hippocampal cellular apoptosis, β III tubulin catastrophe, altered neuronal profiling and spatial memory impairments were assessed at PND 180, using specific immunohistochemical markers (active caspase 3, β III tubulin, doublecortin), golgi studies and cognitive mazes (Morris water maze and T maze). Increase in cellular apoptosis, loss of dendritic arborization and spatial memory impairments were higher in the multi-hit group, than the single-hit groups. Such impairments observed due to multi-hit stress mimicked conditions similar to many neurological disorders and hence, it is hypothesized that later life neurological disorders might be an outcome of multiple early life hits.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiyasha Sarkar
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474011, India
| | - Nisha Patro
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474011, India
| | - Ishan Kumar Patro
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474011, India
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29
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Hanafy AS, Schoch S, Lamprecht A. CRISPR/Cas9 Delivery Potentials in Alzheimer's Disease Management: A Mini Review. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12090801. [PMID: 32854251 PMCID: PMC7559557 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common dementia disorder. While genetic mutations account for only 1% of AD cases, sporadic AD resulting from a combination of genetic and risk factors constitutes >90% of the cases. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein (Cas9) is an impactful gene editing tool which identifies a targeted gene sequence, creating a double-stranded break followed by gene inactivation or correction. Although CRISPR/Cas9 can be utilized to irreversibly inactivate or correct faulty genes in AD, a safe and effective delivery system stands as a challenge against the translation of CRISPR therapeutics from bench to bedside. While viral vectors are efficient in CRISPR/Cas9 delivery, they might introduce fatal side effects and immune responses. As non-viral vectors offer a better safety profile, cost-effectiveness and versatility, they can be promising for the in vivo delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 therapeutics. In this minireview, we present an overview of viral and non-viral vector based CRISPR/Cas9 therapeutic strategies that are being evaluated on pre-clinical AD models. Other promising non-viral vectors that can be used for genome editing in AD, such as nanoparticles, nanoclews and microvesicles, are also discussed. Finally, we list the formulation and technical aspects that must be considered in order to develop a successful non-viral CRISPR/Cas9 delivery vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Sayed Hanafy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany;
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria 21615, Egypt
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +20-3-3877394
| | - Susanne Schoch
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53105 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Alf Lamprecht
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany;
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30
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Reza-Zaldivar EE, Hernández-Sápiens MA, Minjarez B, Gómez-Pinedo U, Sánchez-González VJ, Márquez-Aguirre AL, Canales-Aguirre AA. Dendritic Spine and Synaptic Plasticity in Alzheimer's Disease: A Focus on MicroRNA. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:255. [PMID: 32432108 PMCID: PMC7214692 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrites and dendritic spines are dynamic structures with pivotal roles in brain connectivity and have been recognized as the locus of long-term synaptic plasticity related to cognitive processes such as learning and memory. In neurodegenerative diseases, the spine dynamic morphology alteration, such as shape and spine density, affects functional characteristics leading to synaptic dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Recent evidence implicates dendritic spine dysfunction as a critical feature in the pathogenesis of dementia, particularly Alzheimer’s disease. The alteration of spine morphology and their loss is correlated with the cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease patients even in the absence of neuronal loss, however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Currently, the microRNAs have emerged as essential regulators of synaptic plasticity. The changes in neuronal microRNA expression that contribute to the modification of synaptic function through the modulation of dendritic spine morphology or by regulating the local protein translation to synaptic transmission are determinant for synapse formation and synaptic plasticity. Focusing on microRNA and its targets may provide insight into new therapeutic opportunities. In this review we summarize the experimental evidence of the role that the microRNA plays in dendritic spine remodeling and synaptic plasticity and its potential therapeutic approach in Alzheimer’s disease. Targeting synaptic deficits through the structural alteration of dendritic spines could form part of therapeutic strategies to improve synaptic plasticity and to ameliorate cognitive impairments in Alzheimer’s disease and other neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Benito Minjarez
- University Center of Biological and Agricultural Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Ulises Gómez-Pinedo
- Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, San Carlos Clinical Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Laura Márquez-Aguirre
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, CIATEJ, Guadalajara, Mexico.,Preclinical Evaluation Unit, CIATEJ, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Arturo Canales-Aguirre
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, CIATEJ, Guadalajara, Mexico.,Preclinical Evaluation Unit, CIATEJ, Guadalajara, Mexico
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31
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Rajaei S, Karima S, Sepasi Tehrani H, Shateri S, Mahmoodi Baram S, Mahdavi M, Mokhtari F, Alimohammadi A, Tafakhori A, Amiri A, Aghamollaii V, Fatemi H, Rajabibazl M, Kobarfard F, Gorji A. Conformational change and GTPase activity of human tubulin: A comparative study on Alzheimer's disease and healthy brain. J Neurochem 2020; 155:207-224. [PMID: 32196663 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, microtubules (MTs) play a pivotal role through their highly dynamic structure and instability. They mediate axonal transport that is crucial to synaptic viability. MT assembly, dynamic instability and stabilization are modulated by tau proteins, whose detachment initiates MT disintegration. Albeit extensive research, the role of GTPase activity in molecular mechanism of stability remains controversial. We hypothesized that GTPase activity is altered in AD leading to microtubule dynamic dysfunction and ultimately to neuronal death. In this paper, fresh tubulin was purified by chromatography from normal young adult, normal aged, and Alzheimer's brain tissues. Polymerization pattern, assembly kinetics and dynamics, critical concentration, GTPase activity, interaction with tau, intermolecular geometry, and conformational changes were explored via Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) and various spectroscopy methods. Results showed slower MT assembly process in samples from the brains of people with AD compared with normal young and aged brains. This observation was characterized by prolonged lag phase and increased critical and inactive concentration of tubulin. In addition, the GTPase activity in samples from AD brains was significantly higher than in both normal young and normal aged samples, concurrent with profound conformational changes and contracted intermolecular MT-tau distances as revealed by FRET. These alterations were partially restored in the presence of a microtubule stabilizer, paclitaxel. We proposed that alterations of both tubulin function and GTPase activity may be involved in the molecular neuropathogenesis of AD, thus providing new avenues for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Rajaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Karima
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Somayeh Shateri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Mahmoodi Baram
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran.,HealthWeX Clinical Research Co., Ltd., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Meisam Mahdavi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Mokhtari
- HealthWeX Clinical Research Co., Ltd., Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alimohammad Alimohammadi
- Research Center of Tehran Forensic Medicine Organization, Forensic Medicine, Legal Medicine Organization Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Tafakhori
- Iranian Center of Neurological research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Amiri
- Research Center of Tehran Forensic Medicine Organization, Forensic Medicine, Legal Medicine Organization Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vajiheh Aghamollaii
- Neurology Department, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Fatemi
- HealthWeX Clinical Research Co., Ltd., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Masoumeh Rajabibazl
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Gorji
- Department of Neurology and Department of Neurosurgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
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32
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Haghaei H, Soltani S, Aref Hosseini S, Rashidi MR, Karima S. Boswellic Acids as Promising Leads in Drug Development against Alzheimer’s Disease. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/ps.2020.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological activity of Boswellia extract (BE) has been attributed to its main active ingredients; i.e. Boswellic acids (BAs). BE/BAs possess a promising therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative disorders; including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The multifactorial nature of AD pathophysiology necessitates the development of the disease-modifying agents (DMA). Recent multi-targeting approaches for the DMAs development have brought more attention to the plant-derived compounds regarding their better human compatibility because of their biologic origin. This review addresses the current knowledge on the anti-AD activity of BE/BAs based on the available in silico, in vitro, in vivo studies and clinical trials. The contribution of BE/BAs in inflammatory pathways, Tau and β-amyloid proteins, microtubule functions, oxidative stress, cholinesterase and diabetes/insulin pathways involved in AD have been discussed. BAs efficacy in different AD-related pathways has been confirmed in vitro and in vivo. They can be considered as valuable scaffold/lead compounds for multi-targeted DMAs in anti-AD drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Haghaei
- Nutrition and food Sciences Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Somaieh Soltani
- Drug Applied Research Center and Pharmacy Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Rashidi
- Drug Applied Research Center and Pharmacy Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Pharmacy Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Karima
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
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33
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Prevention of Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease by Novel Antioxidative Supplements. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061974. [PMID: 32183152 PMCID: PMC7139972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) from its prodromal stage of mild cognitive impairment. There is an interplay between oxidative stress and the amyloid β (Aβ) cascade via various mechanisms including mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, glycoxidation, deoxyribonucleotide acid damage, altered antioxidant defense, impaired amyloid clearance, inflammation and chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Based on findings that indicate that oxidative stress plays a major role in AD, oxidative stress has been considered as a therapeutic target of AD. In spite of favorable preclinical study outcomes, previous antioxidative components, including a single antioxidative supplement such as vitamin C, vitamin E or their mixtures, did not clearly show any therapeutic effect on cognitive decline in AD. However, novel antioxidative supplements can be beneficial for AD patients. In this review, we summarize the interplay between oxidative stress and the Aβ cascade, and introduce novel antioxidative supplements expected to prevent cognitive decline in AD.
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34
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Pejman S, Riazi G, Pooyan S, Lanjanian H. Peptide LIQ Promotes Cell Protection against Zinc-Induced Cytotoxicity through Microtubule Stabilization. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:515-534. [PMID: 31972082 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stability of the microtubule protein (MTP) network required for its physiological functions is disrupted in the course of neurodegenerative disorders. Thus, the design of novel therapeutic approaches for microtubule stabilization is a focus of intensive study. Dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp1) is a guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase), which plays a prevailing role in mitochondrial fission. Several isoforms of Drp1 have been identified, of which one of these isoforms (Drp1-x01) has been previously described with MTP stabilizing activity. Here, we synthesized peptide LIQ, an 11-amino-acid peptide derived from the Drp1-x01 isoform, and reported that LIQ could induce tubulin assembly in vitro. Using a Stern-Volmer plot and continuous variation method, we proposed one binding site on tubulin for this peptide. Interestingly, FRET experiment and docking studies showed that LIQ binds the taxol-binding site on β-tubulin. Furthermore, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS) assay provided data on tubulin structural changes upon LIQ binding that result in formation of more stable tubulin dimers. Flow cytometry analysis and fluorescence microscopy displayed that cellular internalization of 5-FAM-labeled LIQ is attributed to a mechanism that mostly involves endocytosis. In addition, LIQ promoted polymerization of tubulin and stabilized MTP in primary astroglia cells and also protected these cells against zinc toxicity. This excellent feature of cellular neuroprotection by LIQ provides a promising therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Pejman
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Riazi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahriar Pooyan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Rooyan Darou Pharmaceutical Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Lanjanian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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35
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Yousefzadeh SA, Hesslow G, Shumyatsky GP, Meck WH. Internal Clocks, mGluR7 and Microtubules: A Primer for the Molecular Encoding of Target Durations in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells and Striatal Medium Spiny Neurons. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 12:321. [PMID: 31998074 PMCID: PMC6965020 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of studies in the field of timing and time perception have generally focused on sub- and supra-second time scales, specific behavioral processes, and/or discrete neuronal circuits. In an attempt to find common elements of interval timing from a broader perspective, we review the literature and highlight the need for cell and molecular studies that can delineate the neural mechanisms underlying temporal processing. Moreover, given the recent attention to the function of microtubule proteins and their potential contributions to learning and memory consolidation/re-consolidation, we propose that these proteins play key roles in coding temporal information in cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) and striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs). The presence of microtubules at relevant neuronal sites, as well as their adaptability, dynamic structure, and longevity, makes them a suitable candidate for neural plasticity at both intra- and inter-cellular levels. As a consequence, microtubules appear capable of maintaining a temporal code or engram and thereby regulate the firing patterns of PCs and MSNs known to be involved in interval timing. This proposed mechanism would control the storage of temporal information triggered by postsynaptic activation of mGluR7. This, in turn, leads to alterations in microtubule dynamics through a "read-write" memory process involving alterations in microtubule dynamics and their hexagonal lattice structures involved in the molecular basis of temporal memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Aryana Yousefzadeh
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Germund Hesslow
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gleb P. Shumyatsky
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Warren H. Meck
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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36
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Aladeokin AC, Akiyama T, Kimura A, Kimura Y, Takahashi-Jitsuki A, Nakamura H, Makihara H, Masukawa D, Nakabayashi J, Hirano H, Nakamura F, Saito T, Saido T, Goshima Y. Network-guided analysis of hippocampal proteome identifies novel proteins that colocalize with Aβ in a mice model of early-stage Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 132:104603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Guo J, Cai Y, Ye X, Ma N, Wang Y, Yu B, Wan J. MiR-409-5p as a Regulator of Neurite Growth Is Down Regulated in APP/PS1 Murine Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1264. [PMID: 31849582 PMCID: PMC6892840 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease. Recent studies suggest that miRNA expression changes are associated with the development of AD. Our previous study showed that the expression level of miR-409-5p was stably downregulated in the early stage of APP/PS1 double transgenic mice model of AD. We now report that miR-409-5p impairs neurite outgrowth, decreases neuronal viability, and accelerates the progression of Aβ1–42-induced pathologies. In this study, we found that Aβ1–42 peptide significantly decreased the expression of miR-409-5p, which was consistent with the expression profile of miR-409-5p in the APP/PS1 mice cortexes. Plek was confirmed to be a potential regulatory target of miR-409-5p by luciferase assay and Western blotting. Overexpression of miR-409-5p has an obvious neurotoxicity in neuronal cell viability and differentiation, whereas Plek overexpression could partially rescue neurite outgrowth from this toxicity. Some cytoskeleton regulatory proteins have been found to be related to AD pathogenesis. Our data show some clues that cytoskeletal reorganization may play roles in AD pathology. The early downregulation of miR-409-5p in AD progression might be a self-protective reaction to alleviate the synaptic damage induced by Aβ, which may be used as a potential early biomarker of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yifei Cai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyang Ye
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nana Ma
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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38
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Arnes M, Alaniz ME, Karam CS, Cho JD, Lopez G, Javitch JA, Santa-Maria I. Role of Tau Protein in Remodeling of Circadian Neuronal Circuits and Sleep. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:320. [PMID: 31824299 PMCID: PMC6881280 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple neurological, physiological, and behavioral functions are synchronized by circadian clocks into daily rhythms. Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies are associated with a decay of circadian rhythms, disruption of sleep patterns, and impaired cognitive function but the mechanisms underlying these alterations are still unclear. Traditional approaches in neurodegeneration research have focused on understanding how pathology impinges on circadian function. Since in Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies tau proteostasis is compromised, here we sought to understand the role of tau protein in neuronal circadian biology and related behavior. Considering molecular mechanisms underlying circadian rhythms are conserved from Drosophila to humans, here we took advantage of a recently developed tau-deficient Drosophila line to show that loss of tau promotes dysregulation of daily circadian rhythms and sleep patterns. Strikingly, tau deficiency dysregulates the structural plasticity of the small ventral lateral circadian pacemaker neurons by disrupting the temporal cytoskeletal remodeling of its dorsal axonal projections and by inducing a slight increase in the cytoplasmic accumulation of core clock proteins. Taken together, these results suggest that loss of tau function participates in the regulation of circadian rhythms by modulating the correct operation and connectivity of core circadian networks and related behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Arnes
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Maria E. Alaniz
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Caline S. Karam
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joshua D. Cho
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gonzalo Lopez
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jonathan A. Javitch
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ismael Santa-Maria
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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Catania M, Giaccone G, Salmona M, Tagliavini F, Di Fede G. Dreaming of a New World Where Alzheimer's Is a Treatable Disorder. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:317. [PMID: 31803047 PMCID: PMC6873113 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. It’s a chronic and untreatable neurodegenerative disease with irreversible progression and has important social and economic implications in terms of direct medical and social care costs. Despite prolonged and expensive efforts employed by the scientific community over the last few decades, no effective treatments are still available for patients, and the development of disease-modifying drugs is now a really urgent need. The recent failure of clinical trials based on the immunotherapeutic approach against amyloid-β(Aβ) protein questioned the validity of the “amyloid cascade hypothesis” as the molecular machinery causing the disease. Indeed, most attempts to design effective treatments for AD have been based until now on molecular targets suggested to be implicated in AD pathogenesis by the amyloid cascade hypothesis. However, mounting evidence from scientific literature supports the view of AD as a multifactorial disease that results from the concomitant action of multiple molecular players. This view, together with the lack of success of the disease-modifying single-target approaches, strongly suggests that AD drug design needs to be shifted towards multi-targeted compounds or drug combinations acting synergistically on the main core features of disease pathogenesis. The discovery of drug candidates targeting multiple factors involved in AD would greatly improve drug development. So, it is reasonable that upcoming strategies for the design of preventive and/or therapeutic agents for AD point to a multi-pronged approach including more than one druggable target to definitely defeat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Catania
- Neurology V-Neuropathology Unit and Scientific Directorate, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giaccone
- Neurology V-Neuropathology Unit and Scientific Directorate, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Salmona
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Tagliavini
- Neurology V-Neuropathology Unit and Scientific Directorate, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Fede
- Neurology V-Neuropathology Unit and Scientific Directorate, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
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40
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Hahn I, Voelzmann A, Liew YT, Costa-Gomes B, Prokop A. The model of local axon homeostasis - explaining the role and regulation of microtubule bundles in axon maintenance and pathology. Neural Dev 2019; 14:11. [PMID: 31706327 PMCID: PMC6842214 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-019-0134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Axons are the slender, cable-like, up to meter-long projections of neurons that electrically wire our brains and bodies. In spite of their challenging morphology, they usually need to be maintained for an organism's lifetime. This makes them key lesion sites in pathological processes of ageing, injury and neurodegeneration. The morphology and physiology of axons crucially depends on the parallel bundles of microtubules (MTs), running all along to serve as their structural backbones and highways for life-sustaining cargo transport and organelle dynamics. Understanding how these bundles are formed and then maintained will provide important explanations for axon biology and pathology. Currently, much is known about MTs and the proteins that bind and regulate them, but very little about how these factors functionally integrate to regulate axon biology. As an attempt to bridge between molecular mechanisms and their cellular relevance, we explain here the model of local axon homeostasis, based on our own experiments in Drosophila and published data primarily from vertebrates/mammals as well as C. elegans. The model proposes that (1) the physical forces imposed by motor protein-driven transport and dynamics in the confined axonal space, are a life-sustaining necessity, but pose a strong bias for MT bundles to become disorganised. (2) To counterbalance this risk, MT-binding and -regulating proteins of different classes work together to maintain and protect MT bundles as necessary transport highways. Loss of balance between these two fundamental processes can explain the development of axonopathies, in particular those linking to MT-regulating proteins, motors and transport defects. With this perspective in mind, we hope that more researchers incorporate MTs into their work, thus enhancing our chances of deciphering the complex regulatory networks that underpin axon biology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Hahn
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, School of Biology, Manchester, UK
| | - André Voelzmann
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, School of Biology, Manchester, UK
| | - Yu-Ting Liew
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, School of Biology, Manchester, UK
| | - Beatriz Costa-Gomes
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, School of Biology, Manchester, UK
| | - Andreas Prokop
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, School of Biology, Manchester, UK.
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41
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A Synthetic Snake-Venom-Based Tripeptide Protects PC12 Cells from the Neurotoxicity of Acrolein by Improving Axonal Plasticity and Bioenergetics. Neurotox Res 2019; 37:227-237. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00111-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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42
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Molecular understanding of label-free second harmonic imaging of microtubules. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3530. [PMID: 31387998 PMCID: PMC6684603 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11463-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are a vital component of the cell’s cytoskeleton and their organization is crucial for healthy cell functioning. The use of label-free SH imaging of microtubules remains limited, as sensitive detection is required and the true molecular origin and main determinants required to generate SH from microtubules are not fully understood. Using advanced correlative imaging techniques, we identified the determinants of the microtubule-dependent SH signal. Microtubule polarity, number and organization determine SH signal intensity in biological samples. At the molecular level, we show that the GTP-bound tubulin dimer conformation is fundamental for microtubules to generate detectable SH signals. We show that SH imaging can be used to study the effects of microtubule-targeting drugs and proteins and to detect changes in tubulin conformations during neuronal maturation. Our data provide a means to interpret and use SH imaging to monitor changes in the microtubule network in a label-free manner. Microtubules (MTs) are well-studied cytoskeleton components, but have primarily been investigated using fixation or invasive techniques. Here, the authors use label-free second harmonic (SH) fluorescence and correlative light electron microscopy to pinpoint determinants required for SH from MTs.
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Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein involved in the regulation of axonal microtubules in neurons. In pathological conditions, it forms fibrils that are molecular hallmarks of neurological disorders known as tauopathies. In the last 2 years, cryo-EM has given unprecedented high-resolution views of Tau in both physiological and pathological conditions. We review here these new findings and put them into the context of the knowledge about Tau before this structural breakthrough. The first structures of Tau fibrils, a molecular hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), were based on fibrils from the brain of an individual with AD and, along with similar patient-derived structures, have set the gold standard for the field. Cryo-EM structures of Tau fibers in three distinct diseases, AD, Pick's disease, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy, represent the end points of Tau's molecular trajectory. We propose that the recent Tau structures may call for a re-examination of databases that link different Tau variants to various forms of dementia. We also address the question of how this structural information may link Tau's functional and pathological aspects. Because this structural information on Tau was obtained in a very short period, the new structures should be viewed in light of earlier structural observations and past and present functional data to shed additional light on Tau function and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Lippens
- From the Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques (LISBP), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, 135 avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France and
| | - Benoît Gigant
- the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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44
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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) therapeutics – 1: Repeated clinical failures continue to question the amyloid hypothesis of AD and the current understanding of AD causality. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 158:359-375. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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45
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Pradeepkiran JA, Reddy AP, Reddy PH. Pharmacophore-based models for therapeutic drugs against phosphorylated tau in Alzheimer's disease. Drug Discov Today 2018; 24:616-623. [PMID: 30453058 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylated tau (P-tau) has received much attention in the field of Alzheimer's disease (AD), as a potential therapeutic target owing to its involvement with synaptic damage and neuronal dysfunction. The continuous failure of amyloid β (Aβ)-targeted therapeutics highlights the urgency to consider alternative therapeutic strategies for AD. The present review describes the latest developments in tau biology and function. It also explains abnormal interactions between P-tau with Aβ and the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1, leading to excessive mitochondrial fragmentation and synaptic damage in AD neurons. This article also addresses 3D pharmacophore-based drug models designed to treat patients with AD and other tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangampalli Adi Pradeepkiran
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Arubala P Reddy
- Pharmacology & Neuroscience Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Cell Biology & Biochemistry Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Pharmacology & Neuroscience Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Neurology Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences Departments, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Garrison Institute on Aging, South West Campus, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 6630 S. Quaker Suite E, MS 7495, Lubbock, TX 79413, USA.
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46
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Glucocorticoid-mediated ER-mitochondria contacts reduce AMPA receptor and mitochondria trafficking into cell terminus via microtubule destabilization. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1137. [PMID: 30429451 PMCID: PMC6235892 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1172-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid, a major risk factor of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is widely known to promote microtubule dysfunction recognized as the early pathological feature that culminates in memory deficits. However, the exact glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-mediated mechanism of how glucocorticoid triggers microtubule destabilization and following intracellular transport deficits remains elusive. Therefore, we investigated the effect of glucocorticoid on microtubule instability and cognitive impairment using male ICR mice and human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. The mice group that was exposed to corticosteroid, the major glucocorticoid form of rodents, showed reduced trafficking of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) 1/2 and mitochondria, which are necessary for memory establishment, into the synapse due to microtubule destabilization. In SH-SY5Y cells, cortisol, the major glucocorticoid form of humans, also decreased microtubule stability represented by reduced acetylated α-tubulin to tyrosinated α-tubulin ratio (A/T ratio), depending on the mitochondria GR-mediated pathway. Cortisol translocated the Hsp70-bound GR into mitochondria which thereafter promoted GR-Bcl-2 interaction. Increased ER-mitochondria connectivity via GR-Bcl-2 coupling led to mitochondrial Ca2+ influx, which triggered mTOR activation. Subsequent autophagy inhibition by mTOR phosphorylation increased SCG10 protein levels via reducing ubiquitination of SCG10, eventually inducing microtubule destabilization. Thus, failure of trafficking AMPAR1/2 and mitochondria into the cell terminus occurred by kinesin-1 detachment from microtubules, which is responsible for transporting organelles towards periphery. However, the mice exposed to pretreatment of microtubule stabilizer paclitaxel showed the restored translocation of AMPAR1/2 or mitochondria into synapses and improved memory function compared to corticosterone-treated mice. In conclusion, glucocorticoid enhances ER-mitochondria coupling which evokes elevated SCG10 and microtubule destabilization dependent on mitochondrial GR. This eventually leads to memory impairment through failure of AMPAR1/2 or mitochondria transport into cell periphery.
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47
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Brai E, Simon F, Cogoni A, Greenfield SA. Modulatory Effects of a Novel Cyclized Peptide in Reducing the Expression of Markers Linked to Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:362. [PMID: 29950969 PMCID: PMC6008575 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite many studies attempt to identify the primary mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the key events still remain elusive. We have previously shown that a peptide cleaved from the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) C-terminus (T14) can play a pivotal role as a signaling molecule in neurodegeneration, via its interaction with the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. The main goal of this study is to determine whether a cyclized variant (NBP14) of the toxic AChE-derived peptide can antagonize the effects of its linear counterpart, T14, in modulating well-known markers linked to neurodegeneration. We investigate this hypothesis applying NBP14 on ex-vivo rat brain slices containing the basal forebrain. Western blot analysis revealed an inhibitory action of NBP14 on naturally occurring T14 peptide, as well as on endogenous amyloid beta, whereas the expression of the nicotinic receptor and phosphorylated Tau was relatively unaffected. These results further confirm the neurotoxic properties of the AChE-peptide and show for the first time in an ex-vivo preparation the possible neuroprotective activity of NBP14, over a protracted period of hours, indicating that T14 pathway may offer a new prospect for therapeutic intervention in AD pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Brai
- Culham Science Centre, Neuro-Bio Ltd., Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Simon
- Culham Science Centre, Neuro-Bio Ltd., Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.,Department of Biotechnology, University of Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Antonella Cogoni
- Culham Science Centre, Neuro-Bio Ltd., Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
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48
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Benarroch EE. Glutamatergic synaptic plasticity and dysfunction in Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2018; 91:125-132. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000005807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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49
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Behl C, Ziegler C. Beyond Amyloid - Widening the View on Alzheimer's Disease. J Neurochem 2017; 143:394-395. [PMID: 29052848 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
For 25 years, the amyloid cascade hypothesis, based on the finding that mutations in the amyloid precursor protein are closely linked to familial forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD), dominated the research on this disease. Recent failures of clinical anti-amyloidogenic trials, however, substantially support the reasoning (i) that the pathomechanisms that trigger familial AD, namely the generation, aggregation, and deposition of amyloid beta, cannot necessarily be extrapolated to sporadic cases and (ii) that amyloid beta represents a prominent histopathological feature in AD but not its exclusive causative factor. In autumn 2016, the Volkswagen Foundation hosted the Herrenhausen Symposium 'Beyond Amyloid - Widening the View on Alzheimer's Disease' in Hannover, Germany, to bring together current knowledge on cellular and molecular processes that contribute to AD pathogenesis independent of or alongside with the amyloid biochemistry. The following mini review series was authored by key speakers at the meeting, and highlights some of the mechanisms potentially involved in AD etiology that provide alternative viewpoints and mechanisms beyond the amyloid cascade hypothesis. This article is part of the series "Beyond Amyloid".
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Behl
- Institute of Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christine Ziegler
- Institute of Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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50
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Segura-Uribe JJ, Pinto-Almazán R, Coyoy-Salgado A, Fuentes-Venado CE, Guerra-Araiza C. Effects of estrogen receptor modulators on cytoskeletal proteins in the central nervous system. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1231-1240. [PMID: 28966632 PMCID: PMC5607812 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.213536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor modulators are compounds of interest because of their estrogenic agonistic/antagonistic effects and tissue specificity. These compounds have many clinical applications, particularly for breast cancer treatment and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, as well as for the treatment of climacteric symptoms. Similar to estrogens, neuroprotective effects of estrogen receptor modulators have been described in different models. However, the mechanisms of action of these compounds in the central nervous system have not been fully described. We conducted a systematic search to investigate the effects of estrogen receptor modulators in the central nervous system, focusing on the modulation of cytoskeletal proteins. We found that raloxifene, tamoxifen, and tibolone modulate some cytoskeletal proteins such as tau, microtuble-associated protein 1 (MAP1), MAP2, neurofilament 38 (NF38) by different mechanisms of action and at different levels: neuronal microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubule-associated proteins. Finally, we emphasize the importance of the study of these compounds in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases since they present the benefits of estrogens without their side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia J Segura-Uribe
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.,Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Pinto-Almazán
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad Ixtapaluca, Ixtapaluca, Mexico.,Institute for the Developing Mind, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Angélica Coyoy-Salgado
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.,Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia E Fuentes-Venado
- Clínica de Trastornos del Sueño, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.,Servicio de Medicina Física y Rehabilitacion, Hospital General de Zona No. 197, Texcoco, Mexico.,Unidad de Investigación Médica en Farmacología, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Christian Guerra-Araiza
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Farmacología, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
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