Job Stress, Psychological Capital, Perceived Social Support, and Occupational Burnout Among Hospital Nurses

The Role of Psychological Capital and Job Burnout in the Serial Mediation Between Social Support and Leisure Crafting of Nurses in Emergency Department

This study examines the effects of social support and psychological capital on job burnout and leisure crafting among emergency department nurses, focusing on the serial-mediating roles of psychological capital and job burnout. AMOS 26 was used to test serial mediation by administering 317 survey questionnaires to conveniently selected nurses employed at nine Grade-A hospitals in China. Results showed social support significantly influenced leisure crafting (β = 0.94, p = 0.014, CI = 0.150-2.131), with psychological capital (β = 0.82, p = 0.005, CI = 0.315-10.354) and job burnout (β = 0.28, p = 0.036, CI = 0.032-0.722) serving as significant mediators. A serial-mediating effect was also observed (β = 0.16, p = 0.042, CI = 0.003-0.477), accounting for 57.3% of the total effect. The findings suggest that enhancing social support, psychological capital, and reducing burnout can improve nurses' well-being, work performance, and leisure crafting.

Occupational Burnout in Nurses Is due to Long-Term Work Stress Rather Than COVID-19 Pandemic Event

AIM

This study aims to explore occupational burnout among Chinese nurses from two perspectives: first, by comparing changes in emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and personal accomplishment before and after the COVID-19 pandemic; and second, by identifying long-term work-related stressors and structural factors contributing to burnout.

DESIGN

A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining a systematic review with qualitative interviews. The qualitative component involved semi-structured interviews with 53 hospital-employed nurses from various departments and regions across China, focusing on the three core dimensions of occupational burnout.

METHODS

The systematic review included both Chinese and English-language studies published between 2016 and 2023 that used the Maslach Burnout Inventory to assess burnout among nurses. A total of 22 studies met the inclusion criteria, selected independently by two researchers using the JBI critical appraisal tool. In parallel, the qualitative interviews explored nurses' subjective experiences and coping strategies related to work stress, emotional fatigue and professional identity.

RESULTS

Bayesian factor analysis indicated no significant differences in emotional exhaustion (BF01 = 2.202), depersonalisation (BF01 = 2.761) or personal accomplishment (BF01 = 2.747) before and after the pandemic. Qualitative findings revealed that burnout was primarily driven by long-standing systemic stressors, including promotion pressure, clinical workload, organisational demands and work-family conflict. Although many nurses relied on self-regulation strategies to maintain psychological stability, they continued to experience ongoing physical and emotional exhaustion. Some reported emotional numbness, but most retained empathy and a strong sense of responsibility. Their sense of personal accomplishment often stemmed from patient recovery and recognition of professional value.

CONCLUSION

Occupational burnout among Chinese nurses remained largely stable before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Its root causes stem from persistent work-related stressors and systemic issues, rather than the pandemic itself. Effective mitigation requires institutional strategies, including better staffing, clear career pathways and sustained emotional support.

IMPACT

Short-term crisis responses alone are insufficient to address enduring burnout. Nursing leadership should prioritise systemic reforms-such as optimising shift schedules, defining promotion channels and integrating regular psychological support-to enhance nurse well-being and care quality.

PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION

No patient or public contribution.

An integrative review of post-traumatic stress disorder in pediatric nurses

PROBLEM

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a concern for healthcare professionals including pediatric nurses. A lack of understanding of the prevalence rates and factors associated with work-related PTSD in pediatric nurses exists.

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA

Articles published in peer-reviewed journals, written in English, focusing on pediatric registered nurses working in inpatient direct-care settings that answered the research questions: (1) describe the prevalence of PTSD in direct-care inpatient pediatric nurses (2) identify factors associated with work-related PTSD were included in this review.

METHODS/SAMPLE

An integrative review method was used. Literature searches within the databases PubMed, CINAHL, Psyc Info, and Cochrane Databases were conducted. Data quality assessment was independently performed by two reviewers.

RESULTS

Eleven articles met criteria for review. PTSD prevalence rates in pediatric nurses ranged from 7.3 % to 37.5 %. Four different tools were utilized to measure PTSD symptomology. Three major themes emerged from the synthesis of objective two: Workforce Factors, Healthcare Environment Factors, and Protective Intrapersonal Factors.

CONCLUSIONS

This review highlights PTSD as a concern for nurses working in the pediatric specialty. Thematic analysis and associated subthemes provide a framework for the design of interventions to reduce the risk of PTSD symptom development among nurses working in the pediatric specialty.

IMPLICATIONS

Awareness about PTSD in the profession should be further disseminated to direct-care nurses, healthcare leaders, educators, and researchers in the hopes of mitigating future and current PTSD symptomology. Multitargeted efforts directed at the organizational, interpersonal, and intrapersonal factors identified in this review may help mitigate the harmful impacts of PTSD in pediatric nurses.

Analyzing the correlation between psychological capital in community nurses and their stress management and job satisfaction

BACKGROUND

Community nursing is marked by high stress due to direct patient interactions and varied work environments. Research highlights the significant role of psychological capital (PsyCap), which includes self-efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience, in managing occupational stress and enhancing job satisfaction among health professionals.

OBJECTIVE

This study examines the associations between Psychological Capital, stress management, and job satisfaction among community nurses, exploring their collective impact on professional well-being.

METHODS

We employed a cross-sectional, correlational design with a convenience sampling method, recruiting 148 community nurses from Tanta University Educational Hospitals. The Compound Psychological Capital Scale (CPC-12), the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory (Brief-COPE), and the Generic Job Satisfaction Scale (GJSS) were used for data collection. Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analyses assessed the relationships and predictive values among the variables.

RESULTS

The study demonstrated significant positive correlations between PsyCap and job satisfaction (r = .44, p < .001) and between PsyCap and stress management (r = .39, p < .01). Multiple regression analysis showed that PsyCap accounted for 29% of the variance in job satisfaction and 26% in stress management effectiveness. Self-efficacy, hope, and optimism were significant predictors of job satisfaction, with self-efficacy showing the strongest association (β = 0.33, p = .007).

CONCLUSION

Psychological Capital is associated with stress management and job satisfaction among community nurses, underscoring its importance in enhancing nurse coping mechanisms, reducing occupational stress, and improving job satisfaction. Practical implications include implementing training programs, resilience workshops, and mentorship initiatives to strengthen Psychological Capital among nurses, thereby improving workforce well-being and retention.

CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER

Not applicable.

The Chain Mediating Roles of Professional Identity and Workplace Social Capital in the Relationship Between Inclusive Leadership and Burnout of Nurses: A Longitudinal Study

Background: Burnout not only affects the health and work efficiency of nurses but also poses a potential threat to patient safety. The relationship and longitudinal mechanisms between inclusive leadership and nurse burnout in nursing work environments are unclear. Objective: To analyze the pathways and mechanisms by which inclusive leadership influences nurse burnout through a longitudinal study and to explore the mediating role of professional identity and workplace social capital in this association. Method: A two-wave study was conducted among 360 Chinese nurses from Baoding No. 4 Central Hospital in March 2024 and October 2024, respectively. The self-report questionnaire consisted of inclusive leadership scale, professional identity scale, workplace social capital scale, and Maslach Burnout Inventory. Pearson's correlation analysis was employed to explore the relationships among study variables. The structural equation modeling was applied to test the proposed model. Results: The scores for inclusive leadership, professional identity, workplace social capital, and burnout among nurses were 36.35 ± 7.04, 37.80 ± 6.96, 33.22 ± 5.31, and 30.03 ± 14.23, respectively. There is a significant correlation between the above study variables (p < 0.001). Inclusive leadership negatively influenced burnout directly and indirectly through professional identity and workplace social capital (all p < 0.001). The indirect effects accounted for 65.58% of the total effect, with significant mediation through both pathways. Conclusions: Inclusive leadership contributed to the elimination of burnout in nurses at work. In addition, professional identity and workplace social capital had chain mediation roles between the effects of the inclusive leadership and burnout. Implications for Nursing Management: Nursing mangers should actively adopt an inclusive leadership to improve nurses' professional identity and workplace social capital to ameliorate burnout among clinical nurses.

The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Job Burnout Among Medical Workers at COVID-19 Vaccination Sites: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: During the pandemic period of the COVID-19, temporary centralized vaccination sites were set up in each administrative district in Nanjing to efficiently manage the vaccination campaign. Medical workers at COVID-19 vaccination sites are exposed to burnout syndrome due to repetitive and overload vaccination work. The purpose of our study was to investigate the prevalence of burnout among these medical workers and to explore its associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at COVID-19 vaccination sites in May 2021 in Nanjing, China. The online questionnaire included demographic, job and COVID-19-related characteristics, Chinese Maslach Burnout Inventory, and Social Support Rating Scale. The hierarchical multiple regression model was used to identify the risk factors for job burnout of medical workers. Results: Of the 425 respondents, 189 had job burnout. The overall prevalence of burnout symptoms among medical workers at COVID-19 vaccination sites was 44.5% with a breakdown in severity as follows: 122 (28.7%) mild, 53 (12.5%) moderate, and 14 (3.3%) severe cases. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis indicated that education level, job titles, self-reported increased work intensity, self-assessment risk of contracting COVID-19 during work, and social support were significantly related to job burnout (p < 0.05), which explained 28.2% of the variance of job burnout score (F = 14.879, p < 0.01). Conclusion: The burnout symptoms were relatively common among medical workers at COVID-19 vaccination sites. More attention should be paid to medical workers with master degree or higher, junior job titles, increased work intensity, high risk of contracting COVID-19 during work, and low level of social support. Interventions that aim to reduce workload and increase social support can be effective approaches to prevent job burnout among medical workers during controlled COVID-19 period.

A Little Boat Flopping About on the Ocean: The Lived Experience of Transitioning Early Career Nurses

AIMS

To explore the lived experiences of transitioning from a student to a nurse while navigating the workplace in their first two years within the profession.

DESIGN

A qualitative exploratory study employing Gadamer's hermeneutic phenomenology to inform the interpretive approach, thereby reinforcing the philosophical foundations of the research.

METHODS

Twenty-six early career nurses who participated in an initial study as students were followed up and interviewed 18-24 months after graduating between 2020 and 2023. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data and were thematically analysed. COREQ guidelines were followed.

RESULTS

Three themes emerged encompassing: Navigating the New World, where early career nurses felt like imposters and ill-prepared to practise; The real world, where early career nurses are pushed to their limits; and A support network, where early career nurses relied on each other and other key members of the professional team to make it through the transitional period of being a new nurse.

CONCLUSION

An examination of early career nurses' experiences centred around support, where differences between anticipated and actual support fostered imposter syndrome and feelings of being overwhelmed. While further research to explore the deeper dynamics of the relationships between peers is required, there also remains further research to understand the mechanisms that inform the flow of recently registered nurses out of the workplace or profession altogether. There are opportunities to better link early career nursing peers and capitalise on the empathic nature of these relationships as one solution to workplace and professional turnover.

PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION

No Patient or Public Contribution.

The silent strain: a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of occupational stress among Pakistani nurses

BACKGROUND

Occupational stress in the nursing profession is higher than in many other occupations, significantly impacting nurses' physical and mental health, job satisfaction, and the quality of patient care. It often leads to burnout and the decision to leave the profession. Various studies conducted in Pakistan have reported different findings. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of occupational stress among nurses in Pakistan.

METHODS

Databases such as Scopus, Medline, Web of Science, EMBASE, and CINAHL were searched, including studies published from 2000 to September 2024. The screening process, article selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were all conducted independently by two authors. Any disagreements were resolved through consultation. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using the I² statistic and Cochran's Q test. Subgroup analysis based on the study location (city) was performed. The relationship between occupational stress prevalence and publication year and sample size was evaluated using meta-regression. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and the Egger test. All analyses were conducted using a random-effects model with Stata software version 17.

RESULTS

Eleven studies with a sample size of 1636 participants were included. The prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe occupational stress was 16% (95% CI: 10-21), 48% (95% CI: 36-61), and 30% (95% CI: 20-41) respectively. The prevalence of mild occupational stress was highest in other cities, moderate stress was most common in Lahore, and severe stress was more prevalent in Karachi. No significant relationship was found between occupational stress prevalence and publication year or sample size. Publication bias for mild and severe occupational stress was significant, but the trim-and-fill analysis showed no impact on the results. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of the findings.

CONCLUSION

This meta-analysis estimates the high prevalence of occupational stress among nurses in Pakistan, with moderate stress being most common. Differences in stress levels between cities may be influenced by local factors. Despite publication bias, the results remain stable and reliable, emphasizing the need for addressing occupational stress to enhance nurse well-being and patient care quality.

Examining the impact of perceived social support on mental workload in clinical nurses: the mediating role of positive coping style

BACKGROUND

The mental workload of nurses refers to the mental activities involved in the completion of nursing work, which can adversely impact both the physical and mental health of nurses, as well as the quality of nursing services provided. Positive coping style and perceived social support can protect nurses from the harm of mental workload. However, few studies have simultaneously examined the relationship between the three variables (mental workload, perceived social support and positive coping style). This study aims to investigate the relationship between mental workload, perceived social support and positive coping style among clinical nurses.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was collected the total of 590 clinical nurses with convenience sampling in three tertiary hospitals of Chengdu in China. The data were collected using generally information questionnaire, Nurses' NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX), Perceived Social Support Scale (SPSS) and The Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ-PCS) for clinical nurses.

RESULTS

The total score of mental workload was 68.86 ± 17.53 among clinical nurses. Mental workload was negatively correlated with perceived social support (r = -0.340, p < 0.01) and positive coping style (r = -0.348, p < 0.01). Furthermore, positive coping style mediated the relationship between perceived social support and mental workload with the partial mediating effect of -0.161.

CONCLUSION

Our study found that clinical nurses suffered relatively high level of mental workload. Positive coping style could mediate the effect of perceived social support on mental workload. Appropriate strategies should be formulated to enhance the accessibility and utilization of social support by nurses, and promote them to adopt positive coping methods to deal with clinical problems, so as to further reduce the mental workload of clinical nurses.

Factors associated with burnout among Chinese operating room nurses: a meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Burnout is prevalent among nursing staff, especially in the operating room, which is a high-intensity, high-pressure and fast-paced work environment. As the prevalence of nurse burnout increases, reducing the burnout of operating room nurses helps to improve the physical and mental health of nurses. Thus, stabilising the nursing team can also guarantee the quality of medical care, which in turn improves patient satisfaction. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis based on the Pearson correlation coefficient to quantitatively analyse the factors related to burnout among operating room nurses and to provide a reliable basis for preventing and intervening in burnout among operating room nurses.

METHODS

CNKI, Wanfang Database, Wipro Database, China Biomedical Database, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane Library Database were searched, and the keywords 'operating room', 'nurses', 'burnout' and the corresponding English terms were used for the search. The time limit for the search was set from the creation of the databases to April 2024. Two researchers with evidence-based knowledge conducted the search, independently screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted the information and assessed the quality of the included literature using the quality assessment criteria for observational studies recommended by the Agency for Healthcare Quality and Research, and performed a meta-analysis of the literature using the r value as an indicator of the outcome in RevMan 5.4 software.

RESULTS

A total of 25 papers were included, with a sample size of 6,061 cases. The quality of the literature was moderate. The meta-analysis showed that job stress (r = 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.42-0.68, I2 = 86%), work-family conflict (r = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.36-0.64, I2 = 82%), willingness to leave (r = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.34-0.49, I2 = 0%) and hidden absenteeism (r = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.41-0.57, I2 = 55%) were positively correlated with burnout (p < 0.01), job immersion (r = - 0.39, 95% CI: - 0.40 to - 0.32, I2 = 0%), social support (r = - 0.46, 95%: - 0.58 to - 0.33, I2 = 74%), psychological capital (r = - 0.53, 95% CI: - 0.60 to - 0.45, I2 = 72%) and well-being (r = - 0.54, 95% CI: - 0.73 to - 0.27, I2 = 88%) were negatively correlated (p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION

This study shows that burnout of operating room nurses is related to various factors, such as job stress, social support, work-family conflict, psychological capital and well-being. Therefore, it is suggested that hospital management should alleviate the burnout of operating room nurses from the multi-dimensional aspects of improving the work environment, enhancing social support and improving personal psychological capital and well-being to effectively alleviate burnout.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

(PROSPERO) International prospective register of systematic reviews: CRD42024547524.

The impact of professional mission on turnover intention among operating room nurses: a chain mediation model analysis of professional identity and job burnout

BACKGROUND AND AIM

To investigate the chain mediation effect of professional mission, professional identity, and job burnout on the turnover intention among operating room nurses.

METHODS

A convenience sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey with 744 operating room nurses from 12 hospitals in Shandong Province, China. The study utilized a general information questionnaire, a professional mission scale, a professional identity scale, a job burnout scale, and a turnover intention scale to construct and test a chain mediation model.

RESULTS

Professional mission significantly influenced turnover intention through professional identity and job burnout, with a total indirect effect of -0.174. The chain mediation effect of professional identity and job burnout was -0.028, accounting for 16.90% of the total indirect effect.

CONCLUSION

The multiple mediation effects of professional identity and job burnout between professional mission and turnover intention were validated. Nursing managers should focus on enhancing nurses' professional mission, improving their professional identity, and reducing job burnout to decrease turnover intention among operating room nurses.

The relationship between psychological capital, stress, micro-learning environment, and professional identity in nursing interns: a structural equation modeling study

Background

Nursing interns play a crucial role in shaping the future nursing workforce, as their professional identity is closely linked to workplace retention rates and patient outcomes. Thus, investigating the factors that influence nursing interns' professional identity is important.

Objective

To evaluate the relationship between psychological capital, stress, micro-learning environment, and professional identity among nursing interns.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 388 nursing interns from 8 comprehensive teaching hospitals across five cities in Hubei Province between March and April 2024. Data were collected using a Descriptive Information Questionnaire, the Psychological Capital Questionnaire, the Student Nurse Stress Index scale, the Healthcare Education Micro Learning Environment Measure, and the Professional Identity Scale. The structural equation model was applied to explore the influencing factors of nursing interns' professional identity.

Results

The mean total score for professional identity was 35.57 ± 7.47. Psychological capital positively influenced professional identity directly (β = 0.16, P < 0.01), while stress as measured using the student nurse stress index had a negative impact (β = -0.20, P < 0.01). High scores on the healthcare education micro-learning environment measure positively contributed to the development of professional identity (β = 0.69, P < 0.001). Furthermore, psychological capital was identified as a mediator in the association between the healthcare education micro learning environment and professional identity, as well as between the student nurse stress index scores and professional identity.

Conclusion

The study suggests that a higher level of psychological capital, low stress levels, and a satisfied micro-learning environment are essential in fostering professional identity among nursing interns. It recommends collaboration between nursing schools and clinical departments to enhance nursing interns' psychological capital and stress management skills, creating a positive and safe working environment, thereby fostering professional identity among nursing interns.

Relationship between disaster preparedness perception, self-efficacy, and psychological capital among Turkish nurses

BACKGROUND

Although disasters continue to increase all over the world and international nursing organizations warn nurses to be ready for disasters, it is stated that the training of nurses for disasters is inadequate in Turkey as in many countries, and studies on this subject are limited AIM: This study aimed to explore the relationship between disaster preparedness perception, self-efficacy, and psychological capital among Turkish nurses.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study was conducted with 270 nurses working at a university hospital in Turkey from May 2023 to December 2023.

RESULTS

The mean Disaster Preparedness Perception Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Psychological Capital Questionnaire scores of the nurses were 73.19 ± 11.06, 31.24 ± 3.89, and 98.05 ± 11.35, respectively. According to linear regression analysis, self-efficacy, psychological capital, receiving disaster training, and being exposed to disaster were significant predictive factors that affected disaster preparedness perception.

CONCLUSION

To improve nurses' disaster preparedness, it is vital to strengthen their self-efficacy and psychological capital through various strategies.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING POLICY

Managers should identify individual and organizational barriers that affect nurses' readiness for disasters, prepare nurses for all stages of disaster management through continuous training, scenario-based simulation exercises and drills, and create a disaster management culture in the organization.

The mediating role of psychological capital in the association between work engagement and occupational stress in pediatric nurses

Pediatric nurses are exposed to occupational stress due to the demanding care of sick children and complex interactions with families. The negative impact on nurse's physical and mental health, stress can also affect the quality of care. On the other hand, work engagement as a positive mental state and psychological capital as one of the supporting factors can help improve conditions and reduce occupational stress. However, the role of psychological capital in the relationship between occupational stress and work engagement in pediatric nurses needs further research. The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship between work engagement and occupational stress in nurses working on pediatric wards. The present study was a predictive correlational study using the path analysis model. The statistical population of this study consisted of 251 pediatric nurses. The sampling was conducted from December 2023 to May 2024. Data collection instruments included the Demographic Profile Form, Chen's occupational Stress Questionnaire, Schaufeli et al.'s Work Engagement Questionnaire, and Luthans' Psychological Capital Questionnaire. The data analysis was carried out using the SPSS 26 and AMOS 24 software. The results of this study showed that there was an inverse and significant relationship between work engagement and occupational stress in nurses working in the pediatric ward (p < 0.001, β = -0.22). In addition, a positive and significant relationship was observed between work engagement and psychological capital among nurses (p < 0.001, β = 0.39). The results also showed that there was an inverse and significant relationship between psychological capital and occupational stress (p < 0.001, β = -0.23). The results of the final model represented psychological capital as a mediating variable that explains the relationship between work engagement and occupational stress of nurses. The results of this study showed that higher work engagement leads to a reduction in occupational stress in nurses working in the pediatric ward and that psychological capital acts as a mediating variable in this relationship. Nurses who have higher work engagement and psychological capital, experience less occupational stress. Age and work experience were also related to reduced stress and increased work engagement and psychological capital. It is suggested that hospital managers focus on educational and supportive programs to enhance psychological capital and increase the work engagement of nurses working in pediatric wards to improve the quality of care for children.

Relationships between role stress profiles, psychological capital, and work engagement among Chinese clinical nursing teachers: a cross-sectional latent profile analysis

BACKGROUND

Clinical nursing practice has a significant meaning and role in nursing education. Efficient clinical nursing practices under the guidance of clinical nursing teachers can promote patient safety and healthcare quality. This study aimed to investigate the profiles of clinical nursing teachers' role stress, determine whether sociodemographic factors and psychological capital correlate with different role stress profiles. It also examined the relationship between different role stress profiles and work engagement.

DESIGN

Cross-sectional study.

METHODS

A total of 412 clinical nursing teachers were enrolled in China through convenience sampling. The Role Stress Scale, Psychological Capital Questionnaire, Work Engagement Scale, and sociodemographic questionnaire were used. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted by using Mplus version 8.0 to identify the different role stress profiles of clinical nursing teachers. Univariate and multivariate unordered logistic regression analyses were used to identify the factors associated with the profiles.

RESULTS

Four hundred and six valid questionnaires were returned. The findings of latent profile analysis showed three profiles: low role stress-high lack of teaching resources profile (34.3%), moderate role stress profile (57.0%), and high role stress-low lack of teaching resources profile (11.7%). Multivariate unordered logistic regression showed that clinical nursing teachers with lower education levels, contract employment, regular qualification audits, and lower psychological capital scores were more likely to belong to Profiles 2 and 3 when Profile 1 was used as a reference. The analysis of variance revealed that the work engagement scores of Profile 3 were significantly lower than those of Profiles 1 and 2.

CONCLUSIONS

Clinical nursing teachers reported heterogeneous sociodemographic and psychological capital, with significant differences in the degree of role stress between the identified profiles. Targeted interventions should be provided according to the role stress profiles to improve work engagement.

The effect of authoritarian leadership on young nurses' burnout: the mediating role of organizational climate and psychological capital

AIM

To investigate the relationship between authoritarian leadership and burnout for young nurses in China and the mediating role of organizational climate and psychological capital in this relationship.

BACKGROUND

As the backbone of clinical nursing, young nurses are prone to job burnout due to the tedious work and the intense work intensity of clinical nursing. It is critical to pay close attention to young nurse burnout to elevate nursing quality and patient satisfaction.

METHODS

A cross-sectional survey was carried out. From November to December 2022, 1,160 nurses from 4 hospitals in Henan, China participated in the survey. Pearson correlation analysis, descriptive statistics and structural equation model were used to analyze the existing data.

RESULTS

Authoritarian leadership (r = 0.502, P < 0.01) has a significant positive correlation with burnout, while organizational climate (r = -0.556, P < 0.01) and psychological capital (r = -0.538, P < 0.01) show significant negative correlations with burnout. Organizational climate and psychological capital serve as a chain mediating role between authoritarian leadership and burnout (β = 0.061, 95% CI (0.038, 0.086)). The total effect of authoritarian leadership on burnout (0.297) includes direct effect (0.338) and indirect effect (-0.042).

CONCLUSIONS

Organizational climate and psychological capital play a chain mediating role in the relationship between authoritarian leadership and burnout. The results show that nursing managers need to fully understand the disadvantages of authoritarian leadership, adjust relevant behaviors in time, and learn to care for and respect employees. Additionally, from the hospital's organizational climate and young nurses' psychological capital, the implementation of targeted management measures to alleviate nurses' burnout and improve the quality of nursing service.

Association of work ability with job burnout and sleep quality among biosafety laboratory personnel in Xinjiang, China: a cross-sectional study

Background

In recent years, the importance of biosafety research has garnered significant attention due to its critical implications for public health and safety. Biosafety Laboratory (BSL) personnel face numerous challenges as they work with high-risk pathogens, including high-pressure environments, stringent safety protocols, and the risk of infection. Research indicates that occupational stress and burnout significantly affect the physical and mental well-being of laboratory personnel, potentially diminishing their work efficiency and capabilities. This study aims to investigate the effects of occupational burnout and sleep quality on the work ability of BSL personnel in Xinjiang, ultimately providing valuable insights for enhancing biosafety and improving work efficiency.

Methods

In July 2022, a cluster sampling method was employed to survey the staff of BSL in Xinjiang. The study utilized the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Work Ability Index to assess the levels of occupational burnout, sleep quality, and work ability among the BSL personnel. Statistical analyses were performed using R Studio 4.2.2 and AMOS 26.0. Through t-tests, analysis of variance, and logistic regression analyses, the study explored the current status and influencing factors of work ability among Xinjiang BSL personnel, as well as the interactive and mediating effects of occupational burnout and sleep quality on work ability.

Results

The prevalence of occupational burnout was 67.4%, while the prevalence of sleep disorders was 38.9%. Interaction analysis revealed that BSL personnel experiencing both occupational burnout and sleep disorders faced a risk of impaired work ability 21.43 times greater than those without burnout and with good sleep quality (OR = 21.43, 95%CI: 14.30-32.12). Structural equation modeling indicated that occupational burnout indirectly impacts work ability through its effect on sleep quality. The indirect effect was significant with a path coefficient of β = -0.28 (0.64 × -0.43), p < 0.01.

Conclusion

The overall work ability of staff in BSL in Xinjiang is relatively good. Occupational burnout and sleep quality are significant risk factors affecting the work ability of BSL personnel. Improving occupational burnout and sleep quality can enhance the work ability of BSL personnel both directly and indirectly.

The Relationship Between Staffing, Nurses' Emotional Exhaustion, and Adverse Patient Events in Critical Care Units in Sultanate of Oman

Background: Ensuring safe practices remains a top priority for healthcare policymakers. However, limited evidence has examined the link between individual, work-related factors, and patient safety within critical care units in Oman. Aim: To assess the relationship between staffing levels, job-related emotional exhaustion, and adverse patient events among nurses working in critical care units. Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect data from critical care nurses in Oman. Nurses were recruited using a stratified proportional sampling method. Results: A total of 694 critical care nurses participated in the study. More than half (64.1%) of the critical care nurses experienced higher levels of emotional exhaustion. Significant predictors of adverse patient events included nurse staffing level (r = 0.09, p < 0.001), emotional exhaustion (β = 0.25, p < 0.001), hospital type (being affiliated with nonteaching hospitals) (p=0.021), and nationality (β = -0.15, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The occurrence of nurse-reported adverse events was associated with several key variables, including nurse staffing levels, emotional exhaustion, hospital type, and nationality. Implications for Nursing Management: To improve patient safety, healthcare policymakers should prioritize optimizing nurse staffing levels and implement strategies to reduce emotional exhaustion, particularly in nonteaching hospitals and among specific nurse demographics.

The impact of a 5G-based smart nursing information system and associated mobile hardware on clinical nurses' work stress: a randomized controlled study in a Chinese hospital

BACKGROUND

Clinical nurses frequently endure substantial work-related stress, adversely affecting their well-being and potentially compromising patient care quality and safety. The integration of a 5G-based medical private network into smart nursing systems and mobile devices offers a promising solution to reduce this stress. This study evaluates the impact of a Smart Nursing Information System based on a 5G Medical Private Network and its Supporting Mobile Hardware (SNIS-SMH) on mitigating work-related stress among clinical nurses. The goal is to provide a scientific basis for nursing management, reduce error incidents, advance nursing procedures, and enhance productivity.

RESULTS

A total of 226 nurses completed the study. The SNIS-SMH group showed significantly lower total work stress scores (66.16 ± 9.82) compared to the control group (70.65 ± 11.32, P = 0.002). In specific dimensions, the SNIS-SMH group had lower scores for nursing profession and work (14.17 ± 2.37 vs. 15.00 ± 3.06, P = 0.023), workload and time distribution (10.56 ± 2.45 vs. 12.42 ± 2.55, P < 0.001), and patient care (22.55 ± 3.34 vs. 23.70 ± 4.06, P = 0.021). No significant differences were found in the work environment and resource, and management and interpersonal relationships dimensions.

CONCLUSIONS

The SNIS-SMH system significantly alleviated work-related stress among clinical nurses, particularly in nursing duties, workload and time distribution, and patient care.

The Effect of Nurses' Perceived Social Support on Job Burnout: The Mediating Role of Psychological Detachment

AIMS

To investigate the impacts of social support and psychological detachment on nurses' job burnout, as well as to validate psychological detachment's mediating effect.

DESIGN

The study was conducted using a questionnaire-based cross-sectional design.

METHODS

From October 2023 to March 2024, convenience sampling was used to distribute electronic questionnaires (including a general information questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Psychological Detachment Scale, and the Social Support Scale) to investigate the current state of job burnout, psychological detachment, and social support among nurses. A total of 325 nurses were included in the study. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 29.0 software and the SPSS Process 4.1 plug-in.

RESULTS

Results showed that both social support and psychological detachment were negatively correlated with job burnout. Excluding general demographic characteristics, social support was negatively associated with job burnout through psychological detachment, where psychological detachment mediated social support and emotionally exhausting job burnout with a mediating effect of 8.93%.

CONCLUSION

Nurses' job burnout can be mitigated by both social support and psychological detachment, with psychological detachment acting as a mediation of the effect of social support.

IMPACT

Nursing managers should take measures to enhance the social support of nurses appropriately. At the same time, it is necessary to arrange work reasonably and establish a solid communication mechanism to improve nurses' psychological detachment and reduce nurses' job burnout.

PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION

No patient or public involvement.

Intention to stay of pediatric nurses: Does pediatric nurse-parent partnership and perceived stress matter?

AIMS

To explore intentions to stay of pediatric nurses and to determine how pediatric nurse-parent partnership and perceived stress differ among the subgroups.

BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION

The shortage of nurses, particularly pediatric nurses, has become a global problem. Intention to stay has been an established predictor of nurse retention. Less is known about the heterogeneity of intention to stay and the specific characteristics, which may restrict the effectiveness of prevention and interventions for pediatric nurse retention.

METHODS

This was a cross-sectional online survey. A total of 603 pediatric nurses were surveyed on their pediatric nurse-parent partnership, perceived stress, and intention to stay. Latent class analysis, multinomial logistic regression, and univariate analysis were used to analyze the related factors. We followed the STROBE checklist.

RESULTS

Three latent classes of intention to stay were identified: low level, moderate level, and high level. Aged between 31 and 35, higher perceived stress, contract nurse, and no spouse were associated with the low level of intention to stay. Good sensitivity in the pediatric nurse-parent partnership was associated with high level of intention to stay. Having a spouse was associated with moderate level compared with low level of intention to stay.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

Our study was one of the first to show three different classes of intention to stay of pediatric nurses, and the specific sociodemographic information, perceived stress, and pediatric nurse-patient partnership associated with different classes of intention to stay were reported.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND/OR HEALTH POLICY

Our results informed the development of pediatric nurse support strategies. Nurse managers could consider the specific factors affecting the intention to stay and make great efforts in developing strategies and projects for different classes of intention to stay that can maximize nurse intention to stay.

Psychological capital among clinical nurses: A latent profile analysis

AIM

To determine the psychological capital level of nurses and explore the latent profiles of nurses regarding their psychological capital scores.

BACKGROUND

The use of individual-centered analysis for the connotation of nurses' psychological capital structure is less studied and still needs to be further explored.

METHODS

By the convenience sampling method, 494 clinical nurses from 7 general hospitals in Sichuan province were selected. The study was conducted from December 2022 to February 2023. Latent profile analysis was used for data analysis. We followed STROBE guidelines in this research.

RESULTS

The total mean score of nurses' psychological capital is 5.17 (SD = 0.8). The following four latent profiles were identified: "poor" (4.5%), "medium" (22.9%), "well-off" (41.5%), and "rich" (31.1%). Multiple logistic regression showed that the number of hours worked per day and the number of night shifts per month were negative predictors of psychological capital, and psychological training and job satisfaction were protective factors of psychological capital.

DISCUSSION

Our study found that the four profiles can be distinguished by "poor," "well-off," "medium," and "rich" levels of psychological capital. Among them, more than 70% of the nurses belonged to the well-off and rich profiles, and the number of the poor profile was the lowest.

CONCLUSION

The overall psychological capital of clinical nurses is at a medium-high level. Each profile is influenced by multiple sociodemographic factors (i.e., age, working hours, monthly income, psychological training, and job satisfaction).

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY

Administrators should develop enhancement strategies to improve the mental health of nurses based on the characteristics of their psychological capital profiles.

Relationship between psychological capital and nursing burnout: A systematic review and meta-analysis

AIM

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to analyze studies that examined the relationship between psychological capital and burnout in registered nurses.

BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION

Registered nurses are subject to high rates of burnout, with negative consequences on health, well-being, and quality of care. Psychological capital could be an important element in preventing or reducing this condition.

METHODS

This research is based on the Joanna Briggs Institute Guidelines and Preferred Reporting Items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis. A total of 180 studies on psychological capital and burnout were retrieved from Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Medline, and PsycINFO. The articles were written in English, Spanish, French, and Portuguese. Then, 23 studies were included in several meta-analyses (random-effects models) performed with the R statistical program.

RESULTS

Analysis of the 23 studies revealed that psychological capital and burnout are significantly correlated. The Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) were the most used scales to measure psychological capital and burnout, respectively. The meta-analyses showed an inverse correlation between psychological capital and burnout (r = -0.44, 95% CI [-0.51, -0.36], n = 6092), and emotional exhaustion (r = -0.32, 95% CI [-0.42, -0.21], n = 3349).

CONCLUSION

This review provides evidence of the negative relationship between psychological capital and burnout in registered nurses. Therefore, enhancing psychological capital is an effective strategy to prevent and reduce burnout in nurses.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY

Psychological capital is a personal resource open to development over time and susceptible to interventions aimed at promoting optimism, efficacy, hope, and resilience. In that sense, training aimed at improving psychological capital, as a protective mechanism to prevent and reduce burnout and emotional exhaustion, should be considered together with organizational measures to promote nurses' health and well-being.

Generalized anxiety disorder and job performance can predict job stress among nurses: A latent profile analysis

BACKGROUND

Nursing is a stressful profession that can impact the physical and mental health of nurses as well as the safety of patients. Furthermore, various factors may affect the job stress of nurses. However, recent studies mainly focused on the overall level of job stress and its related factors, ignoring the population heterogeneity of nurses' job stress.

METHODS

A total of 440 nurses participated in the questionnaire survey between March 2023 and April 2023. Data were collected using the Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire, the Nursing Job Stressor Inventory, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale, and the Nurse Job Performance Scale. A latent profile analysis was used to identify the latent profiles of job stress. Kruskal-Wallis H test and ordinal logistic regression were used to explore the predictors of different profiles.

RESULTS

The job stress of nurses could be classified into four profiles: relatively low job stress, relatively high job stress, high job stress, and the highest job stress. Generalized anxiety disorder, job performance, health status, and dislike of nursing as a career were predictors of different profiles.

CONCLUSIONS

The majority of nurses were classified into profile 2, and their job stress was relatively high. Lowering anxiety levels, enhancing job performance, improving nurses' health status, and changing professional attitudes toward nursing may be effective ways to reduce nurses' job stress.

The impact of work-family conflict on occupational fatigue among endoscopy nurses in China: a moderated mediation model

Background

Endoscopy nurses in China face significant work-family conflicts, where the clash between high work demands and family responsibilities markedly increases the risk of occupational fatigue. This not only affects the nurses' physical and mental health and overall well-being, but also poses a threat to the quality of care and patient safety. This study, grounded in the Conservation of Resources theory, constructs a moderated mediation model to examine the mediating role of positive coping style in the relationship between work-family conflict and occupational fatigue among endoscopy nurses in China, as well as the moderating effect of perceived social support.

Methods

A convenience sampling method was employed to select 315 endoscopy nurses from 25 tertiary hospitals across 14 provinces in China. A questionnaire survey was conducted using the Fatigue Assessment Instrument, the Work-Family Conflict Scale, the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, and the Perceived Social Support Scale. The moderated mediation model was validated using Stata16.0.

Results

Our findings reveal that work-family conflict is a significant predictor of occupational fatigue, with a negative impact on positive coping style. Positive coping style, in turn, is negatively associated with occupational fatigue. Furthermore, positive coping style partially mediates the relationship between work-family conflict and occupational fatigue, accounting for 35.52% of the total effect. Additionally, perceived social support mitigates the negative effects of work-family conflict on positive coping style and occupational fatigue.

Conclusion

There exists a moderated mediation effect between work-family conflict and occupational fatigue among endoscopy nurses in China, wherein positive coping style serve as a mediating variable. Perceived social support mitigates the negative impact of work-family conflict on positive coping style, while enhancing the alleviating effect of positive coping style on occupational fatigue. Therefore, improving endoscopy nurses' levels of perceived social support and coping strategies may help to prevent and alleviate the occurrence of occupational fatigue.

The relationship between perceived organizational support and burnout in newly graduated nurses from southwest China: the chain mediating roles of psychological capital and work engagement

BACKGROUND

Burnout affects the quality of work and health, increases the rate of turnover of newly graduated nurses, and leads to a shortage of nurse resources. Perceived organizational support (POS) can mitigate burnout, but the exact mechanism is unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the mediating roles of psychological capital (PsyCap) and work engagement (WE) in the relationship between POS and burnout.

METHODS

This is a cross-sectional study. An anonymous investigation with a convenience sampling of nurses was conducted in Sichuan province, southwest China between October 2023 and November 2023. The Perceived Organizational Support Scale, Maslach's Burnout Inventory General Survey, the Psychological Capital questionnaire, and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale were used to collect data. SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0 were applied for statistical analysis.

RESULTS

A total of 995 newly graduated nurses participated in this study. The average burnout score of the nurses was 2.45 (1.06) and the incidence of burnout was 82.6%. Burnout was negatively correlated with POS (r=-0.624, p < 0.05), PsyCap (r = -0.685, p < 0.05) and WE (r = -0.638, p < 0.05). The total effect of POS on burnout (β = 0.553) consisted of a direct effect (β = 0.233) as well as an indirect effect (β = 0.320) mediated through PsyCap and WE. PsyCap and WE have a chain-mediated effect between the POS of newly graduated nurses and burnout (β = -0.056, Bootstrap 95% confidence interval (-0.008, -0.003), which represented 10.12% of the total effect.

CONCLUSIONS

This study confirms that POS has a significant negative predictive effect on burnout. POS was first associated with a decrease in PsyCap, followed by a sequential decline in WE, which in turn was associated with an increase in burnout symptoms among newly graduated nurses. Hospital managers can reduce the levels of burnout of newly graduated nurses by increasing organizational support and improving PsyCap and WE.

Effect of positive psychological capital on burnout in public hospital nurses: Mediating effect of compassion fatigue is greater than compassion satisfaction

AIM

Although relationships among positive psychological capital (PsyCap), compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, and burnout have been reported, causal relationships among these variables have not been identified. This study examined the influence of positive PsyCap on burnout and confirmed the mediating effects of compassion fatigue and satisfaction among public hospital nurses.

METHODS

This study adopted a correlational cross-sectional design. We recruited 237 nurses working at a public hospital, using convenience sampling.

RESULTS

The fit of the hypothetical model was adequate. Positive PsyCap directly affected compassion fatigue and satisfaction, and burnout. It had an indirect effect on burnout. Compassion fatigue and satisfaction directly affect burnout. This finding indicates that compassion fatigue and satisfaction partially mediate between positive PsyCap and burnout. In addition, the mediating effect of compassion fatigue was greater than that of compassion satisfaction on the relationship between positive PsyCap and burnout. Finally, positive PsyCap, compassion fatigue, and compassion satisfaction explained 70.4% of the total variance in burnout scores. The effect size (f2) was 2.38 (large effect size).

CONCLUSIONS

Burnout should be assessed with positive PsyCap, compassion fatigue, and compassion satisfaction among public hospital nurses. Given that the mediating effect of compassion fatigue was greater than that of compassion satisfaction, interventions for compassion fatigue may be a strategy to reduce burnout, especially among public hospital nurses with low levels of positive PsyCap.

The status quo and correlational analysis of nursing practices, burnout, and social support among nurses from private hospitals in Dazhou, a less developed area of China

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the status quo of nursing practices, job burnout and social support among private hospitals in Dazhou, Sichuan Province, and perform correlational analysis.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 244 nurses were surveyed via convenience sampling from 7 private hospitals, which were randomly selected from Dazhou city. A self-designed demographic sociology questionnaire was applied, and the Chinese versions of the Maslach Burnout Scale and the Social Support scale administered from September to November 2022.

RESULTS

The investigated nurses were relatively young (26.84 ± 4.90 years), had a short duration of service, a low academic background, a low professional title and a low income; however, they were highly satisfied with their working environment and had a low level of burnout, and their level of personal achievement was low. Overtime work, education level and number of children had significant impacts on the level of nurse burnout. The level of social support was high, and various dimensions were negatively correlated with the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization dimensions of burnout (r=-0.438, P < 0.01; r=-0.372, P < 0.01) and positively correlated with personal achievement (r = 0.291, P < 0.01). However, the level of social support was not significantly associated with burnout (r=-0.060, p = 0.354).

CONCLUSIONS

Nursing managers in private hospitals should consider ways of improving nurses' education, professional titles, working environment and increasing nurses' income to stabilize the nursing team. Efforts should be made to relieve the nurses' pressure, and notice the overtime work and professional development of nurses to enhance the personal sense of achievement. More measures should be taken to improve the level of social support, thereby promoting the continuous improvement of nursing quality. Due to the uneven level of social and economic development in different parts of China, the extensibility of the research needs to be confirmed by more studies, but it still has important reference significance for Northeast Sichuan, which represents areas with similar social and economic levels.

Impact of narrative nursing cognition, self-efficacy, and social support on the practices of registered nurses in China: a structural equation modeling analysis

BACKGROUND

Narrative nursing is a novel approach according with humanistic care, which has been shown to be effective in improving health outcomes for both patients and nurses. Nevertheless, few studies have investigated the status of narrative nursing practice among nurses, and a comprehensive understanding of factors influencing this practice remains elusive.

DESIGN

This was an observational, cross-sectional study using convenience sampling method.

METHODS

After obtaining the informed consent, a total of 931 registered nurses from three hospitals in China were investigated. Data were collected using the Social Support Rating Scale, the General Self-efficacy Scale, and the Knowledge-Attitude-Practice Survey of Clinical Nurses on Narrative Nursing. All the scales were validated in the Chinese population. The questionnaire results were verified by an independent investigator. Factors influencing narrative nursing practice were determined through a series of analyses, including independent sample t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlations. Subsequently, path analysis was performed and a structural equation model was established.

RESULTS

The score of narrative nursing practice in this study was 30.26 ± 5.32. The structural equation model showed a good fit, with a Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) of 0.007 (90%CI: 0.000, 0.047). Both social support and narrative nursing attitude could directly affect narrative nursing practice (βsocial support = 0.08, P < 0.001; βattitude = 0.54, P < 0.001) and indirectly influence it via self-efficacy (βsocial support = 0.04, P < 0.001; βattitude = 0.06, P < 0.001). In addition, narrative nursing knowledge (β = 0.08, P < 0.001) and the nurses' growth environment (β=-0.06, P < 0.001) also affected the practice of narrative nursing.

CONCLUSION

Narrative nursing in China is at a medium level and could be influenced by several personal and environmental factors. This study highlighted the critical role of nursing management in the advancement of narrative nursing practices. Nurse managers should prioritize specialized training and cultivate supportive environments for nurses to improve their narrative nursing practices.

The relationship between psychological capital and self-directed learning ability among undergraduate nursing students-a cross-sectional study

Background

Psychological capital has become a prominent focus in positive psychology, highlighting the positive influence of higher psychological capital on individuals. Self-directed learning ability is a fundamental skill for students, vital for enhancing academic performance and professional development, and is integral to the continuous learning process of nursing students. Recognizing the relationship between psychological capital and self-directed learning ability is crucial for the progress and development of undergraduate nursing students.

Objective

This study aims to investigate the correlation between psychological capital and self-directed learning ability in undergraduate nursing students, as well as to explore the factors that influence these variables.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 667 full-time undergraduate nursing students from a nursing school in Taizhou, China. Psychological capital and self-directed learning ability were assessed using the Psychological Capital Questionnaire and Self-Directed Learning Scale, respectively. Correlation and stepwise multiple regression analyses were then carried out to evaluate the relationship between psychological capital and self-directed learning ability among the participants.

Results

The study revealed that the psychological capital score averaged at 103.24 ± 15.51, while the self-directed learning scale score averaged at 230.67 ± 27.66. Variations in psychological capital scores were noted based on factors including grade level, being an only child, growth environment, monthly living expenses, parental education level, voluntary selection of nursing major, and club experience. Similarly, differences in self-directed learning scores were associated with factors such as grade level, gender, parental education level, and voluntary selection of nursing major. Moreover, a positive correlation was identified between the overall psychological capital scores and the total self-directed learning ability scores among nursing students. Notably, the multiple regression analysis highlighted that optimism and resilience played significant roles as predictors of self-directed learning ability.

Conclusion

Psychological capital is positively correlated with the self-directed learning ability of nursing students, with optimism and resilience identified as crucial predictors. Nursing educators can utilize strategies rooted in positive psychology and perseverance to improve the self-directed learning ability of nursing students.

Perceived Social Support and Presenteeism Among Nurses: Mediation of Psychological Capital

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to explore the mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship between perceived social support and presenteeism among nurses.

BACKGROUND

The concept of presenteeism explored in this study refers to the behavior of nurses who hold on to their jobs despite poor physical or mental health, manifested in poor work productivity and loss of productivity. Perceived social support and psychological capital may help reduce presenteeism. However, there is limited knowledge about the association between perceived social support, psychological capital, and presenteeism among nurses.

METHODS

Data were collected through questionnaires from 468 RNs. Data analysis used Pearson's correlation analysis, multiple linear regression, and structural equation model.

RESULTS

The results indicated that perceived social support and psychological capital were significantly negatively correlated with nurses' presenteeism. Structural equation modeling revealed that psychological capital mediated the relationship between perceived social support and presenteeism, with a partial mediating effect of -0.191, accounting for 28% of the total effect.

CONCLUSIONS

These results identified structural relationships between the 3 variables of perceived social support, psychological capital, and presenteeism and provided a theoretical reference for developing strategies to decrease nurses' presenteeism.

The work stress, occupational burnout, coping strategies and organizational support of elite sports coaches in Sichuan Province: the mediating role of organizational support

Objective

This study investigated the relationships between job pressure, occupational burnout, organizational support and coping strategies among competitive sports coaches in Sichuan Province, China. It also assesses the impact of job pressure on occupational burnout and the mediating roles of organizational support and coping strategies.

Methods

A survey was conducted with 207 competitive sports coaches from Sichuan Province, China. Basic information and data on job pressure, occupational burnout, organizational support and coping strategies were collected. Correlations between variables were analyzed, and a theoretical model for hypothesizing the mediating effects was established. A multiple regression model was used to predict the relationships between occupational burnout and job pressure, organizational support and coping strategies.

Results

(1) Job pressure was significantly positively correlated with occupational burnout (R = 0.436, p < 0.001) and negative coping (R = 0.389, p < 0.001) but significantly negatively correlated with organizational support (R = -0.503, p < 0.001). Occupational burnout was significantly negatively correlated with academic title (R = -0.158, p = 0.023) and organizational support (R = -0.349, p < 0.001) but significantly positively correlated with negative coping (R = 0.440, p < 0.001). Organisational support was significantly positively correlated with positive coping (R = 0.222, p = 0.001) but significantly negatively correlated with negative coping (R = -0.207, p = 0.003). (2) Mediating effects: Job pressure indirectly affects occupational burnout via organizational support and negative coping strategies. (3) Multiple regression: Y1 (Job Pressure) = 69.262 + 1.172 × Emotional Exhaustion -2.231 × Emotional Support +1.041 × Negative Coping -6.554 × Academic Title (from high to low). Y2 (Occupational Burnout) = 25.609 + 0.141 × Job Pressure - 0.306 × Organisational Support +0.620 × Negative Coping -2.097 × Academic Title.

Conclusion

Job pressure is a significant factor leading to occupational burnout among competitive sports coaches in Sichuan Province, China, and factors such as role, interpersonal relationships and career development are closely related to occupational burnout. The sense of organizational support and negative coping strategies play a mediating role between job pressure and occupational burnout. Reducing emotional exhaustion and negative coping, enhancing emotional support and improving the academic titles of coaches can help to reduce job pressure and occupational burnout among competitive sports coaches in Sichuan Province.

Effect of occupational stress and resilience on insomnia among nurses during COVID-19 in China: a structural equation modelling analysis

OBJECTIVES

To explore the effects of occupational stress and resilience on insomnia among Chinese nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.

DESIGN, SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS

A quantitative description study. The data were collected via a cross-sectional survey. A total of 725 front-line nurses at three tertiary hospitals in western China were included from December 2022 to January 2023. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Job Content Questionnaire, and Athens Insomnia Scale were used to collect data from a self-reported online questionnaire.

OUTCOME MEASURES

The outcome variable was insomnia, and structural equation modelling was used to assess the associations among resilience, occupational stress and insomnia.

RESULTS

The prevalence of insomnia among the participants was 58.76%. The structural equation model showed that resilience had a negative direct effect on insomnia and occupational stress, and occupational stress had a positive direct effect on insomnia. Involvement in COVID-19-related work has a positive effect on insomnia through occupational stress. In contrast, higher education levels improved insomnia through increased resilience.

CONCLUSION

A significantly higher prevalence of insomnia has been observed among Chinese nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study suggests that better resilience may improve insomnia by relieving occupational stress, and implementing measures to promote resilience is essential to reduce occupational stress in nurses and improve their sleep quality.

Latent class analysis of the sleep quality of night shift nurses and impact of shift-related factors on the occupational stress and anxiety

AIMS

The objective of this study is to explore the various latent categories within the sleep quality of night shift nurses and to investigate whether shift-related factors predispose nurses to higher levels of occupational stress and anxiety.

DESIGN

This is a cross-sectional study.

METHODS

From November to December 2020, registered nurses from 18 tertiary hospitals and 16 secondary hospitals in Chongqing were selected through convenience sampling for this study. Latent class analysis was used to investigate the sleep quality of nurses working night shifts. Furthermore, univariate analysis and logistic multivariate analysis were utilized to identify the contributing factors to occupational stress and anxiety.

RESULTS

The four latent categories of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index for night shift nurses were identified as 'Low Sleep Disorder Group' (56.34%), 'Moderate Sleep Disorder Group' (37.27%), 'High Sleep Disorder Non-Reliant on Sleeping medication Group' (4.89%) and 'High Sleep Disorder Reliant on Sleeping medication Group' (1.50%). The results showed that having a night-shift frequency of 3-4 times per month, night-shift durations of 9-12 h, sleep time delay after night shift (≥2 h), total sleep time after night shift less than 4 h were shift-related factors that increased the levels of occupational stress and anxiety.

CONCLUSION

The sleep quality of night shift nurses demonstrates heterogeneity and can be classified into four latent categories. Higher frequency of night shifts, extended work hours and insufficient rest time are all associated with increased levels of occupational stress and anxiety.

IMPACT

By identifying the four latent categories of sleep quality among night shift nurses, this study sheds light on the relationship between sleep patterns and levels of occupational stress and anxiety. These findings have important implications for healthcare institutions in the management of nurse well-being and work schedules.

PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION

No patient or public contribution.

More Than a Game: Building a Workplace Culture of Positivity and Belonging Among Nurses

This performance improvement project introduced a mobile social gaming app for sharing positive feedback from patients and coworkers with nurses. After deployment, the app supported creating improvements as a supportive structure for engaging nurses in peer recognition to build a workplace culture of positivity and belonging. The authors discuss findings from the app's adoption and use among nurses and offer recommendations for leaders.

Exploring the concept and management strategies of caring stress among clinical nurses: a scoping review

Objective

The concept of caring stress and its specific management has received less attention than other dimensions of stress in nurses. Therefore, to clarify the concept of caring stress, a scoping review study was designed. This scoping review aimed to investigate the concept of caring stress among clinical nurses and examine the strategies used for its management.

Methods

This review employed a scoping review methodology to comprehensively map the essential concepts and attributes of the phenomenon by drawing on a wide range of sources. International databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scientific Information Database (SID) were searched to gather relevant studies published until October 1, 2023. MESH terms included "caring stress", "care", "stress", "nurse", and "stress management" were used. Two reviewers independently collected data from full-text papers, ensuring that each paper underwent assessment by at least two reviewers.

Results

Out of 104,094 articles initially searched, 22 articles were included in this study. High workloads, transmitting the infection, stressful thoughts, stressful emotions, and stressful communications were the significant concepts and factors of caring stress among nurses. Also, rest breaks during patient care shifts, playing music in the ward, and denial of critical situations were examples of positive and negative coping and management ways to reduce caring stress.

Conclusion

Effective stress management strategies can lead to better patient care and safety. Stressed nurses are more likely to make errors or become less vigilant in their duties, impacting patient outcomes. By addressing caring stress, clinical practice can prioritize patient well-being. Further research is required to delve deeper into this critical issue concerning nurses in the future.

The relationship between psychological capital, burnout and perceived stress in junior nurses: a latent profile analysis

Background

Psychological capital, an intrinsic personal asset, enhances junior nurses' ability to navigate transition and sustain superior job performance. This study aimed to classify junior nurses into distinct psychological capital profiles and examine their associations with burnout and perceived stress levels.

Methods

A cross-sectional study involving 480 junior nurses from three hospitals in Beijing assessed psychological capital, stress, and burnout using e-questionnaires, from July 2021 to August 2022. We employed exploratory latent profile analysis for psychological capital profiling and logistic regression with the best subset method to identify the influential factors.

Results

The results of the latent profile analysis supported the models of two latent profiles, which were defined as low psychological capital (224, 46.5%) and high psychological capital (256, 53.5%). Logistic regression revealed that introverted nurses and those experiencing moderate to high levels of burnout and stress were more likely to exhibit low psychological capital.

Conclusion

Nursing management should proactively identify and support junior nurses with low psychological capital, with a focus on introverted individuals, to mitigate the impact of stress and burnout.

Correlation analysis between occupational stress and metabolic syndrome in workers of a petrochemical enterprise: based on two assessment models of occupational stress

BACKGROUND

Occupational stress is becoming a common phenomenon around the world. Being in a high occupational stress state for a long time may destroy the metabolic balance of the body, thereby increasing the risk of metabolic diseases. There is limited evidence regarding the correlation between occupational stress and metabolic syndrome (MetS), particularly in the petrochemical workers.

METHODS

A total of 1683 workers of a petrochemical enterprise in China were included in the survey by cluster sampling method. The occupational stress assessment was carried out by the Job Content Questionnaire and the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire, and the general demographic characteristics, work characteristics, occupational hazards, lifestyle and health examination data of the participants were collected. Logistic regression and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the correlations and influencing factors between occupational stress and its dimensions with MetS and its components.

RESULTS

A total of 1683 questionnaires were sent out, and 1608 were effectively collected, with an effective recovery rate of 95.54%. The detection rates of occupational stress in Job Demand-Control (JDC) and Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) models were 28.4% and 27.2%, respectively. In this study, 257 participants (16.0%) were diagnosed with MetS. Compared with the non-MetS group, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglycerides (TG) and fasting blood-glucose (FBG) levels were significantly higher in the MetS group, and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were significantly lower (P < 0.001). The results of multiple linear regression showed that after adjusting for nation, marital status, education, work system, smoking and drinking, and further adjusting for occupational hazards, the D/C ratio was significantly negatively correlated with SBP in the JDC model. Social support was negatively correlated with WC. In the ERI model, there was a significant positive correlation between over-commitment and FBG.

CONCLUSIONS

The detection rates of occupational stress and MetS were high in workers of a petrochemical enterprise. In the JDC model, occupational stress was negatively correlated with SBP, and social support was negatively correlated with WC. In the ERI model, there was a significantly positive correlation between over-commitment and FBG.

Stress begets stress: The moderating role of childhood adversity in the relationship between job stress and sleep quality among nurses

BACKGROUND

Nurses exhibit considerable variations in sleep quality and experience high job stress levels. Distal factors, such as childhood adversity, and proximal factors, both influence sleep quality. We investigated the moderating role of childhood adversity with job stress and sleep quality, and whether this aligns with the stress-sensitization or stress-amplification models.

METHODS

The impact of job stressors' total score and its dimensions on sleep quality was analyzed using traditional linear regression models and the extreme gradient boosting machine learning algorithm. The hierarchical regression examined the moderating role of childhood adversity in the relationship between job stress and sleep quality. An interactive tool was used to visualize the results.

RESULTS

Among the dimensions of job stress, "time allocation and workload" strongly correlated with sleep quality, followed by "nursing profession and work problems," "patient care issues," "management and interpersonal problems," and "working environment and equipment problems." The moderating role of childhood adversity in the relationship between different dimensions of job stressors (except working environment and equipment problems) and sleep quality aligns with the stress-sensitization model.

LIMITATIONS

This study was susceptible to recall bias and objective sleep data were unavailable. Cross-sectional study design was used, thus limiting causal inferences. Finally, the moderating effect of childhood adversity on subsequent stress among nurses remains unclear.

CONCLUSION

Childhood adversity and job stress were integrated into a stress-sensitization model, providing a nuanced and specific examination of sleep quality. Healthcare policymakers should focus on job stress and childhood adversity, improve nurses' sleep quality, and ultimately benefit patient care and outcomes.

Moral distress, psychological capital, and burnout in registered nurses

AIMS

This study aimed to explore the relationship among moral distress, psychological capital, and burnout in registered nurses.

ETHICAL CONSIDERATION

The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the School of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University (Approval no. 2022001).

METHODS

A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted with a convenience sample of 397 nurses from three Grade-A tertiary hospitals in Zhejiang Province, China. Participants completed demographic information, the Nurses' Moral Distress Scale, the Nurses' Psychological Capital Scale, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory Scale. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation analysis, structural equation modeling, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis.

RESULTS

The study found that moral distress and burnout are positively correlated, while psychological capital is negatively correlated with both moral distress and burnout. The path analysis in structural equation modeling revealed that moral distress has a significant direct effect on psychological capital, while psychological capital has a significant direct effect on burnout. In addition, moral distress also had a significant indirect effect on burnout through psychological capital. Moreover, both the direct effect of moral distress on burnout and the total effect of moral distress on burnout were significant.

CONCLUSION

The findings suggest that psychological capital plays an important role in the relationship between moral distress and burnout. Promoting psychological capital among nurses may be a promising strategy for preventing moral distress and burnout in the workplace.

Mediating effects of social support and presenteeism on turnover intention and post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese nurses in the post-pandemic era: a cross-sectional study

Background

The shift in national policies for epidemic prevention and control in the post-pandemic era is undoubtedly a challenge for health care professionals. Nurses, as an important part of the health care professional population, have an even greater impact on their mental health and occupational safety. This may expose nurses to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and presenteeism, and ultimately lead to their turnover.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between turnover intention and post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese nurses during post-pandemic era, and the mediating role of social support and presenteeism.

Methods

In this study, a multicentre cross-sectional survey was conducted in April 2023 among nursing staff in several tertiary general hospitals in northern China, with online data collection using the Turnover intention Scale (PTSD), the Impact of Events Scale (IES), the Social Support Scale (SSS), and the Stanford presenteeism Scale (STAS) and the relationship between variables was analyzed using hierarchical multivariate regression, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder and the Turnover intention from the pathway between.

Results

Data were collected from 2,513 nurses who met the inclusion criteria, in which general information such as age, department, specific department, Professional title, history of alcohol consumption, form of employment, Years of working, and Average working hours per day were statistically significant with the difference in the turnover intention. The results of the study showed a 32% high turnover intention among nurses in the post-pandemic era, which was lower than the turnover intention during the pandemic. The results of hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that post-traumatic stress disorder, social support, and presenteeism were significant predictors of turnover intention. The total effect of post-traumatic stress disorder on turnover intention to work was 0.472 [bias modified 95% confidence interval (0.415-0.483), p < 0.001]. Social support and attendance played a partially intermediate role in post-traumatic stress disorder and propensity to leave (an indirect effect of 26% of the total effect).

Conclusion

Turnover intention and post-traumatic stress disorder levels are high and social support plays an important role in the tendency to leave the job and post-traumatic stress disorder, healthcare institution can be achieved by strengthening social support for nurses in the post-epidemic era and preventing the occurrence of presenteeism.

Psychological Capital and Turnover Intention: The Mediating Role of Burnout among Healthcare Professionals

Psychological capital (PsyCap) has been identified as an individual's positive psychological state of development that can help to reduce negative organizational outcomes. However, there is still a gap in understanding how PsyCap influences different aspects of organizations. This study investigates the mediating role of burnout in the relationship between PsyCap and turnover intentions among healthcare professionals. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 320 healthcare professionals. The estimation of the relationships between PsyCap, burnout, and turnover intentions was obtained through structural equation modelling (SEM). A mediation analysis was carried out using bootstrapping procedures. The results show that burnout has a significant and positive effect on turnover intention and PsyCap has a significant and negative effect on burnout. Moreover, burnout fully mediates the relationship between PsyCap and turnover intention. These findings suggest that PsyCap can effectively reduce negative outcomes like burnout, but its positive impact may be limited when considering other outcomes such as turnover intention.

Registered nurses' psychological capital: A scoping review

AIMS

The aim was to examine the extent and scope of empirical research concerning registered nurses' psychological capital.

BACKGROUND

In a time of global nursing shortage, identifying variables that could positively contribute to the retention of the nursing workforce is essential. Prior research has shown that psychological capital correlates positively with employees' better performance and well-being.

DESIGN

A scoping review.

DATA SOURCES

A systematic literature search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Scopus covering the period from 1 January 2005 to 7 May 2023.

REVIEW METHODS

The JBI methodological guidance for scoping reviews was followed. The results were summarized narratively.

RESULTS

A total of 111 studies reported in 114 peer-reviewed articles were included. Studies were carried out across 20 countries, with the majority from China (45), Australia (nine), Pakistan (nine), Canada (eight), South Korea (eight) and the United States (eight). A positive correlation was found between registered nurses' psychological capital and desirable work-related outcomes, such as work engagement, commitment and retention intention.

CONCLUSION

A comprehensive overview of research evidence suggests that psychological capital is associated with many positive work-related outcomes and might therefore be a valuable resource for reducing nurse turnover.

The Symptom Network Structure of Teachers' Burnout and Its Connection to Psychological Capital

Background

Teacher burnout is characterized by emotional and physical exhaustion resulting from excessive work-related stress. Previous research based on traditional latent variable theory has revealed a significant negative relationship between TB and psychological capital (PsyCap). This study explored the complex symptoms of TB and the contact points of PsyCap in reducing TB using psychometric network analysis.

Methods

A total of 3991 teachers completed the burnout subscale of the Professional Quality of Life and Psychological Capital Scale.

Results

The results showed that: (a) In the TB network, the core symptoms displayed by teachers due to burnout are difficulty feeling "I am a very caring person", "I am happy", and "I am the person I always wanted to be"; (b) The TB-PsyCap network was closely connected, and the symptoms affected each other. PsyCap affected the TB network through "I feel optimistic and happy almost every day" and "I often feel that there is a future as a teacher"; (c) PsyCap's bridge symptoms had a negative impact on TB, and PsyCap may reduce TB primarily through optimistic, hopeful dimensions.

Conclusion and Implications

Psychometric network analysis helps us understand the complex symptoms of TB and the contact points of PsyCap in reducing TB. This study offers valuable insights into the prevention of, and intervention in, burnout within the teaching community.

Socioeconomic factors, perceived stress, and social support effect on neonatal nurse burnout in China: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

Neonatal nurses' working environments are highly stressful, and burnout is common. This study examines the effect of socioeconomic factors, perceived stress, and social support on neonatal nurse burnout.

METHODS

A total of 311 neonatal nurses participated in this study. They were administered a validated Maslach Burnout Inventory. The study employed a 14-item perceived stress scale (PSS-14) and a social support rate scale (SSRS) to examine stress, socioeconomic factors, and lifestyles.

RESULTS

Of the neonatal nurses, 40.19% had burnout, 89.60% had mild burnout, and 10.40% had moderate burnout; no neonatal nurse experienced severe burnout. Young nurses and those with low technical skills, poor interpersonal relationships, irregular diet, and insufficient rest were exposed to burnout (all p < 0.05).Most burnout nurses experienced moderate-severe perceived stress, and their PSS-14 scores were higher (all p < 0.05).The scores for objective social support, subjective social support, utilization of social support, total SSRS scores, and the level of social support were all lower in burnout nurses (all p < 0.05). Perceived stress was correlated positively and significantly with emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment (all p < 0.05). Social support correlated significantly with and reduced personal accomplishments (p < 0.05). Age, poor interpersonal relationships, perceived stress, and social support were all independent factors associated with neonatal nurse burnout (all p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

The prevalence of burnout in neonatal nurses was higher than average. Socioeconomic factors, higher perceived stress, and lower social support contribute to neonatal nurse burnout. Nursing managers should pay attention to socioeconomic factors, perceived stress, and social support among neonatal nurses and employ strategies to reduce neonatal nurse burnout.

Psychological capital and alienation among patients with COVID-19 infection: the mediating role of social support

BACKGROUND

COVID-19 infection continues all over the world, causing serious physical and psychological impacts to patients. Patients with COVID-19 infection suffer from various negative emotional experiences such as anxiety, depression, mania, and alienation, which seriously affect their normal life and is detrimental to the prognosis. Our study is aimed to investigate the effect of psychological capital on alienation among patients with COVID-19 and the mediating role of social support in this relationship.

METHODS

The data were collected in China by the convenient sampling. A sample of 259 COVID-19 patients completed the psychological capital, social support and social alienation scale and the structural equation model was adopted to verify the research hypotheses.

RESULTS

Psychological capital was significantly and negatively related to the COVID-19 patients' social alienation (p < .01). And social support partially mediated the correlation between psychological capital and patients' social alienation (p < .01).

CONCLUSION

Psychological capital is critical to predicting COVID-19 patients' social alienation. Social support plays an intermediary role and explains how psychological capital alleviates the sense of social alienation among patients with COVID-19 infection.

Association between hopelessness and job burnout among Chinese nurses during the COVID-19 epidemic: The mediating role of career calling and the moderating role of social isolation

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increased workload and work pressure on nurses owing to the unpredictable changes during this challenging situation. Herein, we explored the relationship between hopelessness and job burnout in nurses working in China against the backdrop of the COVID-19 outbreak.

Method

This was a cross-sectional study involving 1216 nurses in two hospitals in Anhui Province. The data was collected using an online survey. The mediation and moderation model was constructed, and the data was analyzed using SPSS PROCESS macro software.

Results

Our results showed that the nurses had an average job burnout score of 1.75 ± 0.85. Further analysis revealed a negative correlation between hopelessness and career calling (r = -0.551, P < 0.01) and a positive correlation between hopelessness and job burnout (r = 0.133, P < 0.01). Additionally, a negative correlation was demonstrated between career calling and job burnout (r = -0.138, P < 0.01). Moreover, career calling strongly mediated (by 40.9%) the relationship between hopelessness and job burnout in the nurses. Finally, social isolation in the nurses was a moderating factor for the association between hopelessness and job burnout (β = 0.028, t = 2.851, P < 0.01).

Conclusion

Burnout severity in nurses increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Career calling mediated the relationship between hopelessness and burnout, with greater burnout levels in nurses who experienced social isolation. Therefore, we suggest that job burnout in nurses can be improved by mitigating the effects of hopelessness and social isolation through psychological interventions and enhancing their sense of career calling through education to strengthen their professional identity.

Virtual Leadership and Nurses' Psychological Stress during COVID-19 in the Tertiary Hospitals of Pakistan: The Role of Emotional Intelligence

Although intelligence has been widely examined in the literature, the correlation of emotional intelligence (EI) has with virtual leadership, work stress, work burnout, and job performance in the nursing profession needs further consideration. Prior studies have confirmed that leadership style and emotional intelligence massively contribute to better outcomes in the nursing profession. Based on these confirmations, this research intended to explore the impact of virtual leadership and EI on work stress, work burnout, and job performance among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. A convenient sampling technique was adopted to select the data sample. To analyze our hypotheses, 274 self-reported surveys were distributed in five tertiary hospitals in Pakistan through a cross-sectional quantitative research design. The hypotheses were tested with SmartPLS-3.3.9. Our findings revealed that virtual leadership and EI have considerably influenced nurses' work stress, burnout level, and job performance. The study concludes that EI significantly moderates virtual leadership and psychological stress among nurses.

School climate and academic burnout in medical students: a moderated mediation model of collective self-esteem and psychological capital

BACKGROUND

The study burnout of medical students is more and more serious, which directly affects the study style of university and the learning quality of students. This has aroused the high attention of researchers and universities. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of the influence of school climate on academic burnout among medical students in Chinese cultural context.

METHODS

2411 medical students (50.52% female; mean age = 19.55, SD = 1.41, rang = 17-24 years) were investigated with psychological environment questionnaire, collective self-esteem scale, psychological capital scale and academic burnout scale. The data were analyzed by using a moderated mediation model with SPSS and the Process 4.0 macro.

RESULTS

The results revealed that: (1) school climate had a significant negative predictive effect on academic burnout among medical students controlling for gender, grade and age (B = -0.40, p < 0.001). (2) Collective self-esteem played a partial mediating role in school climate and academic burnout (indirect effect = -0.28, 95% CI = [-0.32,-0.25], accounting for 52.83%). (3) The first and second half of the indirect effect of school climate on medical students' academic burnout were moderated by psychological capital (B = 0.03, p < 0.01; B = -0.09, p < 0.001).High level of psychological capital can enhance the link between school climate and collective self-esteem as well as the link between self-esteem and academic burnout.

CONCLUSION

Creating a good school atmosphere and improving the level of collective self-esteem and psychological capital are beneficial to improve the academic burnout of medical students.