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Ding X, Shi Q, Xiao C. Unveiling the Impact of Communication Network on Engineering Project Team Performance: The Interplay of Centralization and Tie Strength. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:1515-1531. [PMID: 38601263 PMCID: PMC11005930 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s454292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Recent research has focused on the impact of communication networks on the performance of construction project teams, attempting empirical exploration from various social network analysis perspectives. However, there is still a significant gap in understanding the variations in performance and the mechanisms for teams using different communication networks. Drawing from organizational learning theory and social network theory, this study, based on the Input-Mediator-Output (IMO) model, explores the effects of the interaction between centralization and tie strength in communication networks on team performance, as well as the mediating mechanisms of knowledge sharing behavior and team resilience performance in engineering project teams. Methods Drawing on classic group communication experiment, we design an online communication and collaboration platform to simulate the execution of a construction engineering project. Finally, data was collected through the communication experiment with 720 participants, and hypotheses were tested using ANOVA and PROCESS. Results The results indicate that under conditions of weak tie strength, centralized communication networks yield higher performance. Conversely, under conditions of strong tie strength, decentralized communication networks demonstrate superior performance. Furthermore, this study also verifies the mediating role of knowledge sharing behavior and team resilience performance when tie strength is strong. Conclusion This study focuses on engineering project team, exploring the evolutionary development of knowledge sharing behavior and team resilience performance from the perspective of the interaction of communication network structural characteristics, as well as the paths to enhancing team performance. Our research results highlight the interactive effects of structural indicators and relational indicators of communication networks, revealing the mechanism by which the structure of communication networks impacts team performance. Additionally, from the perspectives of forming and timely adjusting team communication models, and motivating and supporting employee communication behavior, our study provides practical insights for project managers and relevant administrators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Ding
- School of Financial Technology, Shanghai Lixin University of Accounting and Finance, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Shi
- School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Xiao
- School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Tannenbaum S, Mathieu J, Levy J, Watson D, Maynard T, Beard R, Salas E, Boyle B, Cato C, Berry C, Blue S. The development and validation of an Army team resilience measure. MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 36:83-95. [PMID: 38193875 PMCID: PMC10790805 DOI: 10.1080/08995605.2022.2065154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Given the demanding nature of its mission, the collective units of the Army, not just individual Soldiers, need to be able to withstand and adapt to a wide range of challenges. Therefore, it is important to be able to effectively assess resilience at the team-level and to understand the factors that can enable or diminish it. This article describes the development of a construct valid and psychometrically-sound measure of team resilience - the Team Resilience Scale (TRS). A theoretical framework of team resilience and related constructs is introduced. We then summarize the procedures for developing the TRS and related constructs, providing evidence of the content validity of the TRS. Finally, we assess the psychometric soundness and construct validity of the TRS in two Army field studies. Our analyses support the convergent validity of items and indicate that the measure can be used to examine three first-order dimensions of resilience (i.e., physical, affective, and cognitive) or as a single overall resilience composite. Results show the TRS was positively related to team performance in both samples and it co-varied with stressors and team actions. Practical recommendations for use of the measure and suggestions for future research are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Mathieu
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jamie Levy
- The Group for Organizational Effectiveness, Inc., USA
| | - Dale Watson
- Colorado State UniversityFort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Beard
- The Group for Organizational Effectiveness, Inc., USA
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3
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Crane MF, Hazel G, Kunzelmann A, Kho M, Gucciardi DF, Rigotti T, Kalisch R, Karin E. An exploratory domain analysis of deployment risks and protective features and their association to mental health, cognitive functioning and job performance in military personnel. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2024; 37:16-28. [PMID: 37379256 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2023.2228707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meta-analyses of military deployment involve the exploration of focused associations between predictors and peri and post-deployment outcomes. OBJECTIVE We aimed to provide a large-scale and high-level perspective of deployment-related predictors across eight peri and post-deployment outcomes. DESIGN Articles reporting effect sizes for associations between deployment-related features and indices of peri and post-deployment outcomes were selected. Three-hundred and fourteen studies (N = 2,045,067) and 1,893 relevant effects were retained. Deployment features were categorized into themes, mapped across outcomes, and integrated into a big-data visualization. METHODS Studies of military personnel with deployment experience were included. Extracted studies investigated eight possible outcomes reflecting functioning (e.g., post-traumatic stress, burnout). To allow comparability, effects were transformed into a Fisher's Z. Moderation analyses investigating methodological features were performed. RESULTS The strongest correlates across outcomes were emotional (e.g., guilt/shame: Z = 0.59 to 1.21) and cognitive processes (e.g., negative appraisals: Z = -0.54 to 0.26), adequate sleep on deployment (Z = -0.28 to - 0.61), motivation (Z = -0.33 to - 0.71), and use of various coping strategies/recovery strategies (Z = -0.25 to - 0.59). CONCLUSIONS Findings pointed to interventions that target coping and recovery strategies, and the monitoring of emotional states and cognitive processes post-deployment that may indicate early risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Crane
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia
| | - G Hazel
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia
| | - A Kunzelmann
- Department of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - M Kho
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia
| | - D F Gucciardi
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - T Rigotti
- Department of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - R Kalisch
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - E Karin
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia
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4
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Linhardt RM, Salas E. Examining the fluidity of innovation teams: a conceptual framework. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1296651. [PMID: 38164260 PMCID: PMC10757976 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1296651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
As innovative endeavors have become more complex and time-intensive, there has become an increasing reliance on expert teams in organizations. Expert innovation teams are comprised of team members with extensive experience and mastery in a particular discipline. These teams utilize fluid membership that expands the available knowledge of the team but creates challenges for effective teamwork. We argue that the mechanism for creating an enduring impact and developing a product to fruition requires the cognitive and social integration of fluid team members. This article focuses on how teams effectively integrate knowledge with diverse, and possibly fluid, team members and how teams can organize knowledge through planning and reflection to implement the idea successfully. Knowledge integration and team reflexivity are considered in tandem to emphasize the multi-faceted nature of generating and implementing innovative solutions and the conflicting teamwork processes that hinder innovative efforts. To understand how these competing teamwork processes required for successful innovation interact, we developed a framework that considers resilience as the factor that elicits team creative performance. In doing so, we discuss how innovation teams build resilience over time and how creative failure can lead to greater levels of innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rylee M. Linhardt
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Eduardo Salas
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
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5
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Han Y, Tang B, Li XM, Yang GSR, Yang L. Research on the Relationship Between Informational Team Faultline and Team Resilience-Team Leader Member Exchange and Team Member Exchange as Mechanism. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:3585-3597. [PMID: 38024121 PMCID: PMC10676677 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s436618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to investigate how a team can be resilient in the face of crisis and adversity. Methods This empirical study adopted a quantitative research method. The data were collected by questionnaire survey, and the stats analysis package in R language and AMOS 23 were used for empirical analysis of 98 teams. Based on complex adaptive system theory and conservation of resources theory, this study was constructed the theoretical framework of "environmental influence - team exchange - team resilience" with informational team faultline (ITF) as independent variable, team leader member exchange (TLMX) and team member exchange (TMX) as mediating and moderating variables, and team resilience as dependent variable in the context of Chinese culture. Results We found that the ITF had a significant negative effect on the team resilience. TLMX and TMX played partial mediating role between ITF and team resilience. In addition, TLMX and TMX played moderating role between ITF and team resilience, that is, weakening the negative influence of ITF on team resilience. Conclusion This study contributes to clarify the mechanism of the influence of ITF on team resilience, and provide reference for team leaders to improve team resilience in the face of adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Han
- Department of Finance and Accounting, School of Economics and Management, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Management, Birmingham Business School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Xian-Miao Li
- Department of Business and Administration, School of Economics and Management, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Song-Rui Yang
- Department of Management Science and Engineering, School of Economics and Management, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Management Science and Engineering, School of Economics and Management, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, People’s Republic of China
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Galy A, Chênevert D, Fouquereau E, Groulx P. Toward a new conceptualization of resilience at work as a meta-construct? Front Psychol 2023; 14:1211538. [PMID: 37780162 PMCID: PMC10538716 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1211538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Organizations of all kinds are faced with multiple demands for adaptation of increasing frequency and amplitude due to such factors as reorganizations, climate change, pandemics, and labor shortages. This new reality requires our organizations to anticipate, adjust, and demonstrate resilience. The study of resilience at work relies on the comprehension of how organizational systems, as well as their work collectives and members, manage to overcome adversity without suffering from irreversible damage. However, the study of this phenomenon of interest contains grey areas concerning both its definition, its conceptualization, and the dynamic processes that underlie it. This theoretical paper addresses these different issues by providing first, a conceptual content analysis of the most frequently used definitions and second, a new conceptualization of resilience at work as a resource, either individual or collective. Moreover, we suggest a multilevel, dynamic, and virtuous conceptual approach to resilience at work, relying on both bottom-up and top-down flows. Accordingly, we formulate different theoretical propositions upon which future empirical research can draw to analyze the relationships between individual, team, and organizational resilience. Building on a conservation of resources lens, we offer a novel contribution to the resilience in the workplace literature, by providing an integrative and multilevel theory of resilience at work that highlights both the processual and interpersonal nature of its emergence, and the organizational levers that can foster it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Galy
- Pôle Santé HEC Montréal, Department of Human Resources, HEC Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Chênevert
- Pôle Santé HEC Montréal, Department of Human Resources, HEC Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Evelyne Fouquereau
- QualiPsy EE 1901, Psychology Department, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Patrick Groulx
- Pôle Santé HEC Montréal, Department of Human Resources, HEC Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Griffith RL, Dostal C, Moon NA, Fedele D. The COVID-19 pandemic and the military: Lessons learned for readiness and resilience. MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 35:377-382. [PMID: 37615556 PMCID: PMC10464645 DOI: 10.1080/08995605.2023.2237392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
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8
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Ellis LA, Zurynski Y, Long JC, Clay-Williams R, Ree E, Sarkies M, Churruca K, Shand F, Pomare C, Saba M, Haraldseid-Driftland C, Braithwaite J. Systems resilience in the implementation of a large-scale suicide prevention intervention: a qualitative study using a multilevel theoretical approach. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:745. [PMID: 37434216 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09769-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resilience, the capacity to adapt and respond to challenges and disturbances, is now considered fundamental to understanding how healthcare systems maintain required levels of performance across varying conditions. Limited research has examined healthcare resilience in the context of implementing healthcare improvement programs across multiple system levels, particularly within community-based mental health settings or systems. In this study, we explored resilient characteristics across varying system levels (individual, team, management) during the implementation of a large-scale community-based suicide prevention intervention. METHODS Semi-structured interviews (n=53) were conducted with coordinating teams from the four intervention regions and the central implementation management team. Data were audio-recorded, transcribed, and imported into NVivo for analysis. A thematic analysis of eight transcripts involving thirteen key personnel was conducted using a deductive approach to identify characteristics of resilience across multiple system levels and an inductive approach to uncover both impediments to, and strategies that supported, resilient performance during the implementation of the suicide prevention intervention. RESULTS Numerous impediments to resilient performance were identified (e.g., complexity of the intervention, and incompatible goals and priorities between system levels). Consistent with the adopted theoretical framework, indicators of resilient performance relating to anticipation, sensemaking, adaptation and tradeoffs were identified at multiple system levels. At each of the system levels, distinctive strategies were identified that promoted resilience. At the individual and team levels, several key strategies were used by the project coordinators to promote resilience, such as building relationships and networks and carefully prioritising available resources. At the management level, strategies included teambuilding, collaborative learning, building relationships with external stakeholders, monitoring progress and providing feedback. The results also suggested that resilience at one level can shape resilience at other levels in complex ways; most notably we identified that there can be a downside to resilience, with negative consequences including stress and burnout, among individuals enacting resilience. CONCLUSIONS The importance of considering resilience from a multilevel systems perspective, as well as implications for theory and future research, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise A Ellis
- Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Level 6, 75 Talavera Road, North Ryde, NSW, Australia.
| | - Yvonne Zurynski
- Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Level 6, 75 Talavera Road, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Janet C Long
- Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Level 6, 75 Talavera Road, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Robyn Clay-Williams
- Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Level 6, 75 Talavera Road, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Eline Ree
- Centre Faculty of Health Sciences, SHARE - Centre for Resilience in Healthcare, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Mitchell Sarkies
- Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Level 6, 75 Talavera Road, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate Churruca
- Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Level 6, 75 Talavera Road, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Fiona Shand
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Chiara Pomare
- Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Level 6, 75 Talavera Road, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Maree Saba
- Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Level 6, 75 Talavera Road, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Cecilie Haraldseid-Driftland
- Centre Faculty of Health Sciences, SHARE - Centre for Resilience in Healthcare, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Jeffrey Braithwaite
- Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Level 6, 75 Talavera Road, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
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Cogan N, McGibbon M, Gardiner A, Morton L. Understanding the Mental Health Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Railway Workers: Risks and Protective Factors. J Occup Environ Med 2023; 65:172-183. [PMID: 36109012 PMCID: PMC9897125 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Railway workers have provided an essential service throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explored the effects of COVID-19 on the mental well-being of railway workers (N = 906) in the United Kingdom during the third lockdown period. METHOD The online survey included measures of COVID-19-related risk factors (perceived risk, stress, burnout, trauma) and protective factors (resilience coping, team resilience, general help seeking) associated with mental well-being. Responses were analyzed using multiple regression and content analysis. RESULTS COVID-19-related risk factors negatively predicted well-being. Higher scores on adaptive resilience, intentions to seek help, and team resilience significantly predicted higher mental well-being scores. Mental health decline throughout the COVID-19 pandemic and concerns for the future were reported. CONCLUSIONS Building a resilient railway workforce requires attention to staff mental well-being and to ensuring that support systems are robust and accessible.
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Cheng KT, Hsu JSC, Li Y, Brading R. Intellectual capital and team resilience capability of information system development project teams. INFORMATION & MANAGEMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.im.2022.103722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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López-Gajardo MA, McEwan D, Pulido JJ, Díaz-García J, Leo FM. Do sport teams with greater team resilience perceive higher performance at the end of the season? A multilevel analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2022; 33:701-711. [PMID: 36577654 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A team's ability to respond positively to adversities, problems, and obstacles during their season is an essential part of success in collective sports. Grounded in team resilience theory and using a multilevel analytical approach, this study examined the relationship of the characteristics of resilience and vulnerability under pressure with perceived individual and team performance. Participants were 676 soccer players (530 males and 146 females) aged 15-42 years (M = 21.40, SD = 5.38), who played on 64 senior and under-18 soccer teams of several national leagues in Spain. In the final month of the season, factors related to team resilience and individual and team performance were analyzed. We estimated multilevel models by including perceived individual and team performance as dependent variables. Characteristics of resilience and vulnerability under pressure were considered as fixed and random effects (i.e., individual- and team-level intercepts and slopes). At the individual level, results showed that characteristics of resilience were positively associated with subjective individual and team performance, whereas vulnerability under pressure was negatively related to perceived team (but not individual) performance. At the team level, only characteristics of resilience positively predicted team performance. These findings suggest that more resilient teams report more successful performance from an individual and team perspective, whereas teams that are more vulnerable under pressure report poorer team performance. Taken together, the study underscores the importance of practitioners to develop strategies that improve their teams' resilience, given that team resilience helps to achieve positive subjective individual and team outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A López-Gajardo
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain
| | | | - Juan J Pulido
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain
| | - Jesús Díaz-García
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain
| | - Francisco M Leo
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain
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Kho MC, Karin E, Gucciardi DF, Crane MF. Testing a
supervisor‐led
extension of self‐reflection resilience training: A controlled trial randomized by platoon at the Royal Military College. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/joop.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madison C. Kho
- School of Psychological Sciences Macquarie University North Ryde New South Wales Australia
| | - Eyal Karin
- eCentre Clinic, School of Psychological Sciences Macquarie University North Ryde New South Wales Australia
| | - Daniel F. Gucciardi
- Curtin School of Allied Health and Curtin Enable Institute Curtin University Bentley Western Australia Australia
| | - Monique F. Crane
- School of Psychological Sciences Macquarie University North Ryde New South Wales Australia
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Rudland JR, Jaye C, Tweed M, Wilkinson TJ. Identifying stressor criteria that hinder or challenge junior clinical medical student learning. MEDICAL TEACHER 2022; 44:1051-1059. [PMID: 35430927 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2022.2058382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION What makes something a stressor within clinical students' education is unclear. Medical students moving from a predominantly protected classroom environment to a situated-work environment provided an ideal transition point to explore the criteria that might make a learning experience a stressor and whether these stressors hinder or challenge learning. METHOD Data on the stressors associated with learning experiences in clinical education were collected from New Zealand undergraduate medical students. Free text comments, in a survey-based questionnaire were supplemented by focus group data. Using inductive thematic analysis with grounded theory, themes were generated about the characteristics of stressors; referred to here as stressor criteria. These stressor criteria were then classified according to their impact on perceived learning. RESULTS Under the broad headings of the nature of the learning task, external factors, internal factors, and social interaction; 12 stressor criteria groupings were defined. Some of these criteria were a positive challenge to learning (e.g. legitimacy of the task, novelty of the learning, social interactions) and others a hindrance. DISCUSSION Not all stressors hinder learning. Instead, and depending on their nature, many result in perceived assistance to learning. Stressors hindering learning need to be recognised by the teacher, especially those that can be converted from a hindrance to an assistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Rudland
- Education Unit, Wellington Hospital, Newtown, New Zealand
| | - C Jaye
- Department General Practice and Rural Health, Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - M Tweed
- Department of Medicine, Wellington Hospital, Newtown, New Zealand
| | - T J Wilkinson
- Christchurch School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Gröschke D, Hofmann E, Müller ND, Wolf J. Individual and organizational resilience—Insights from healthcare providers in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychol 2022; 13:965380. [PMID: 36092080 PMCID: PMC9453859 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.965380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored the effects of resilience in the healthcare setting during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Our study sheds light on the cross-level effects of resilience in hospitals and thus responds to calls to research this empirically. In a cross-sectional study design, the perceptions of resilience of employees in hospitals and of transformations at the individual, team, and organizational level were analyzed. An online survey was conducted in summer 2020 in Germany in which 1,710 healthcare workers completed a self-report questionnaire. Results indicate that resilience is both a highly interrelated construct on the individual and organizational level and also positively linked to perceptions of transformation as an indicator for demonstration of resilience. We also found a partial mediation effect of organizational resilience and team efficacy, respectively, on the relationship between individual resilience and perceived transformation on the individual and organizational level as well as a full mediation on the team level. The study highlights the interdependence of individual and organizational resilience (which is mediated by team efficacy) and its impact on perceived transformation in German hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Whereas team efficacy is crucial for performance in regular work operations, during a pandemic the organizational level becomes more relevant. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Fisher DM, LeNoble CA, Vanhove AJ. An Integrated Perspective on Individual and Team Resilience: Moving from Multilevel Structure to Cross‐Level Effects. APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/apps.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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The Emergence Process of Construction Project Resilience: A Social Network Analysis Approach. BUILDINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/buildings12060822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
For construction projects, resilience is the process of resisting and recovering from adversity. With the global economic and social environment constantly changing, improving the resilience of construction projects has become a research hotspot in the field of project management. On the basis of social capital theory, this study constructs a construction project organization resilience evaluation system from two dimensions of bonding and bridging social capitals. Then, a new theoretical framework is proposed: the network dynamic evaluation model of project resilience based on the resource conservation strategy. Using survey data of 247 construction engineering practitioners, this study considers the emergence of organization resilience in the three phases of adversity. The results reveal that when the construction project is hit by adversity, the investment capital will increase but decrease in the recovery phase. Protective capital demonstrates the opposite. However, both types of capital finally reach a higher level than before the adversity, thus forming an emergence curve of project resilience. This study helps to understand the emergence process of the construction project resilience, provides a feasible method to calculate the resilience and social capital of construction projects in different phases of disasters, and improves the risk response ability of construction projects.
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Is Team Resilience More Than the Sum of Its Parts? A Quantitative Study on Emergency Healthcare Teams during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19126968. [PMID: 35742218 PMCID: PMC9222929 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19126968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, emergency healthcare workers have come under even more pressure than before, threatening the workers' mental health and the continuity of care delivered by their teams. This study aims to investigate what conditions increase individual and team resilience, referring to the ability to "bounce back" from stressful situations. We also assess whether team resilience is the sum of the individual resilience of team members, or whether other conditions enhance team resilience and thus continuity of care, despite limited individual resilience. We collected survey data from 129 emergency healthcare team members in the Netherlands to examine to what extent transformational leadership and team familiarity influence the level of team resilience, either directly or mediated by individual resilience, accounting for psychological characteristics and social support. The results show two distinct pathways to enhance team resilience, directly by familiarizing team members with each other and by mobilizing family support, and indirectly but with a much weaker effect, by encouraging team members' individual resilience through transformational leadership and staffing optimistic team members with high levels of self-efficacy.
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18
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Chênevert D, Brown TL, Pomey MP, Benomar N, Colombat P, Fouquereau E, Loiselle CG. Investigating a Participatory Intervention in Multidisciplinary Cancer Care Teams Using an Integrative Organizational Model: A Study Protocol. Front Psychol 2022; 13:798863. [PMID: 35592179 PMCID: PMC9113022 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.798863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidisciplinary teams encounter many challenges that can lead to higher levels of distress and burnout. This trend is acutely prevalent among multidisciplinary cancer care teams who frequently contend with increased task complexity and numbers of patients. Resilience is emerging as a critical resource that may optimize team members’ psychological health and wellbeing, work efficiency, and organizational agility, while reducing burnout. Accordingly, the proposed study aims to implement and evaluate a promising participatory interventional approach that fosters team resilience. Specifically, the effects of the intervention on participating team members will be compared to a control group of non-participating team members. This intervention’s core components include skills training, patient-centered meetings, talking spaces, and an agile problem-solving approach. The proposed study also seeks to determine whether enhanced resilience improves team mental health status and organizational outcomes. A participatory interventional approach will be implemented and assessed at three-time intervals [i.e., pre-intervention deployment (N = 375), 12 months post-deployment (N = 236), and 24 months post-deployment (N = 146)] across five cancer care teams in three Quebec healthcare institutions. A mixed methods design will be used that includes observations, semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and self-report questionnaires. Direct observation will document team functioning and structural resources (e.g., meetings, conflict management, and leadership). Semi-structured interviews will explore participants’ experience with activities related to the participatory interventional approach, its perceived benefits and potential challenges. Focus groups will explore participants’ perceptions of their team’s resilience and the effectiveness of the intervention. Questionnaires will assess support, recognition, empowerment, organizational justice, individual resilience, psychological safety, work climate, team resilience, workplace burnout, engagement, quality of work life, wellbeing, and organizational citizenship behaviors, and sociodemographic variables. Moreover, objective measures including absenteeism and staff turnover will be obtained via human resource records. Structural equation modeling will be used to test the study’s hypotheses. The proposed protocol and related findings will provide stakeholders with quantitative and qualitative data concerning a participatory interventional approach to optimize team effectiveness. It will also identify critical factors implicated in favorable organizational outcomes in connection with multidisciplinary cancer care teams. Expected results and future directions are also presented herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Chênevert
- Department of Human Resources, HEC Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Healthcare Management Hub, HEC Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Unité de Soutien SSA, Université de Sherbrooke, Campus de Longueuil, Longueuil, QC, Canada
| | - Tyler L Brown
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Pascale Pomey
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Management, Evaluation and Health Policy, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nadia Benomar
- Healthcare Management Hub, HEC Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Colombat
- Qualipsy EE 1901, Department of Psychology, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Evelyne Fouquereau
- Qualipsy EE 1901, Department of Psychology, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Carmen G Loiselle
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Ingram School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
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19
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Tremblay D, Touati N, Kilpatrick K, Durand MJ, Turcotte A, Prady C, Poder TG, Richard PO, Soldera S, Berbiche D, Généreux M, Roy M, Laflamme B, Lessard S, Landry M, Giordano É. Building resilience in oncology teams: Protocol for a realist evaluation of multiple cases. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268393. [PMID: 35551336 PMCID: PMC9098052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Teams caring for people living with cancer face many difficult clinical situations that are compounded by the pandemic and can have serious consequences on professional and personal life. This study aims to better understand how a multi-component intervention builds resilience in oncology teams. The intervention is based on a salutogenic approach, theories and empirical research on team resilience at work. This intervention research involves partnership between researchers and stakeholders in defining situations of adversity and solutions appropriate to context. Methods The principles of realist evaluation are used to develop context-mechanism-outcome configurations of a multi-component intervention developed by researchers and field partners concerned with the resilience of oncology teams. The multiple case study involves oncology teams in natural contexts in four healthcare establishments in Québec (Canada). Qualitative and quantitative methods are employed. Qualitative data from individual interviews, group interviews and observation are analyzed using thematic content analysis. Quantitative data are collected through validated questionnaires measuring team resilience at work and its effect on teaming processes and cost-effectiveness. Integration of these data enables the elucidation of associations between intervention, context, mechanism and outcome. Discussion The study will provide original data on contextual factors and mechanisms that promote team resilience in oncology settings. It suggests courses of action to better manage difficult situations that arise in a specialized care sector, minimize their negative effects and learn from them, during and after the waves of the pandemic. The mechanisms for problem resolution and arriving at realistic solutions to professional workforce and team effectiveness challenges can help improve practices in other settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Tremblay
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Charles-Le Moyne, Longueuil, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Nassera Touati
- École Nationale d’administration Publique, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Kelley Kilpatrick
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Susan E. French Chair in Nursing Research and Innovative Practice, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-José Durand
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Charles-Le Moyne, Longueuil, Québec, Canada
| | - Annie Turcotte
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Charles-Le Moyne, Longueuil, Québec, Canada
| | - Catherine Prady
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Québec, Canada
| | - Thomas G. Poder
- Department of Management, Evaluation and Health Policy, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l’Est-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Patrick O. Richard
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Québec, Canada
| | - Sara Soldera
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Québec, Canada
| | - Djamal Berbiche
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Charles-Le Moyne, Longueuil, Québec, Canada
| | - Mélissa Généreux
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Québec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Roy
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Québec, Canada
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Sylvie Lessard
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Charles-Le Moyne, Longueuil, Québec, Canada
| | - Marjolaine Landry
- Department of Nursing, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Émilie Giordano
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Charles-Le Moyne, Longueuil, Québec, Canada
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20
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Beenen G, Todorova G, Pichler S, Riggio RE. Reconceptualizing Multilevel Leader-Follower Shared Outcomes. JOURNAL OF LEADERSHIP & ORGANIZATIONAL STUDIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/15480518221094481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
While research on leadership has acknowledged the joint efforts of leaders and followers, advancements in conceptualizing the outcomes of such joint efforts have stagnated. Integrating leadership theory and research with multilevel theories on emergent states, we develop and propose a new framework of shared leader-follower outcomes (SLFOs). We reconceptualize SLFOs as four emergent states (presence, synergy, professionalism and chemistry) that are proximal outcomes in teams. Each SLFO is an early indicator of corresponding key traditional outcomes (absenteeism, productivity, quality and satisfaction) that focus on the leader, followers, or the team as a whole. We also discuss the dynamics of emergence of SLFOs from the dyadic leader-follower level to the team level through composition (i.e. convergent) and compilation (i.e., divergent) processes. Our framework extends leadership theories by accounting for emergent states as shared leader-follower outcomes that temporally unfold over multiple levels of analysis. We develop propositions to guide future empirical research on leader-follower proximal outcomes of presence, synergy, professionalism, and chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Beenen
- College of Business and Economics, California State University, Fullerton, CA
| | - Gergana Todorova
- College of Business and Economics, California State University, Fullerton, CA
| | - Shaun Pichler
- College of Business and Economics, California State University, Fullerton, CA
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21
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Shoemark H, Bates D, Collier E, Hannan A, Harman E, Kennelly J, Knott D, Thomas A, Troyano AP. Collective experiences in medical music therapy teams during COVID-19. NORDIC JOURNAL OF MUSIC THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/08098131.2022.2040578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Shoemark
- Department of Music Education and Music Therapy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Debbie Bates
- Music Therapy Manager, Arts and Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic
| | | | - Ann Hannan
- Director Riley Cheer Guild, Riley Children’s Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Elizabeth Harman
- Clinical Coordinator of Music Therapy, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - David Knott
- Supervisor of the Creative Arts Therapies, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amy Thomas
- Head of Music, Art and Child Life Therapies, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amy P. Troyano
- Creative Arts Therapy Manager, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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22
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Hughes V, Bemker MA, Parsons LC. Developing Resilience. Nurs Clin North Am 2022; 57:143-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cnur.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Chapman MT, Temby P, Crane M, Ntoumanis N, Quested E, Thøgersen‐Ntoumani C, Parker SK, Ducker KJ, Peeling P, Gucciardi DF. Team resilience emergence: Perspectives and experiences of military personnel selected for elite military training. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Chapman
- Curtin School of Allied Health Curtin University Perth Australia
- Physical Activity and Wellbeing Research Group Curtin University Perth Australia
| | - Philip Temby
- Land Division Defence Science and Technology Group Canberra Australia
| | - Monique Crane
- School of Psychology Macquarie University Sydney Australia
| | - Nikos Ntoumanis
- Physical Activity and Wellbeing Research Group Curtin University Perth Australia
- Curtin School of Population Health Curtin University Perth Australia
| | - Eleanor Quested
- Physical Activity and Wellbeing Research Group Curtin University Perth Australia
- Curtin School of Population Health Curtin University Perth Australia
| | - Cecilie Thøgersen‐Ntoumani
- Physical Activity and Wellbeing Research Group Curtin University Perth Australia
- Curtin School of Population Health Curtin University Perth Australia
| | | | - Kagan J. Ducker
- Curtin School of Allied Health Curtin University Perth Australia
| | - Peter Peeling
- School of Human Sciences The University of Western Australia Perth Australia
| | - Daniel F. Gucciardi
- Curtin School of Allied Health Curtin University Perth Australia
- Physical Activity and Wellbeing Research Group Curtin University Perth Australia
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24
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Weis M, Klarner P. A CEO's Future Temporal Depth and Organizational Resilience. SCHMALENBACHS ZEITSCHRIFT FUR BETRIEBSWIRTSCHAFTLICHE FORSCHUNG = SCHMALENBACH JOURNAL OF BUSINESS RESEARCH 2022; 74:659-693. [PMID: 36415202 PMCID: PMC9673194 DOI: 10.1007/s41471-022-00145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Scholars have long investigated the organizational antecedents of resilience, but less is known about CEO-level antecedents. This is surprising, since upper echelons research suggests that a CEO influences major firm decisions. Addressing this gap in our knowledge, we suggest that a CEO prepares for and adjusts to unexpected events in the environment on the basis of the individual future temporal depth (FTD). It reflects the temporal distance into the future that a CEO usually takes into consideration when contemplating future events. Our study of CEOs of 462 S&P500 firms during the Global Financial Crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic shows that a CEO's longer FTD is associated with less severe economic losses but with a longer recovery time from adversity. If such a CEO can draw on a functionally diverse TMT, the losses are less severe, while prior organizational crisis experience reduces the recovery time. Our paper contributes to organizational resilience research by uncovering its cognitive underpinnings and offering a contextual learning perspective on organizational resilience. We also contribute to upper echelons research by unveiling a CEO's role in preparing for and adjusting to adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Weis
- Vienna University of Economics and Business, Welthandelsplatz 1, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patricia Klarner
- Vienna University of Economics and Business, Welthandelsplatz 1, 1020 Vienna, Austria
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25
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Grinde OE. Bridge Over Troubled Water: Shared Understanding Bridges Individual and Collective Resources in Developing Team Resilience in Professional Football. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:705945. [PMID: 34927067 PMCID: PMC8673479 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.705945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored how coaches facilitate coordinated activities through shared understanding in the processes of team resilience development. Constructs of shared information that underpin synchronised actions and behaviour in a team are investigated through individual experiences with a dialogic “we” perspective of appropriating and handling challenging situations. Interactional key elements underpin coordinated task actions within the team. Experiences of both players and coaches are investigated through semi-structured interviews and complementary texts such as an observation log and coach-meeting reports, originating as part of an action research process in the team environment. The interaction model is developed in the exploratory journey during the season with the team. The model suggests key strategic elements that help to bridge shared appropriation of information to strengthen role interactions between team members handling challenging situations. Coaching practise, which connects the interaction model to different team resources of coordinating activities in the development process, still needs to be explored from different contextual perspectives and environments, within the development of team resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Erik Grinde
- Department of Teacher Education, Faculty of Social Science and Education, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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26
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Stewart VR, Snyder DG, Kou CY. We Hold Ourselves Accountable: A Relational View of Team Accountability. JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS : JBE 2021; 183:691-712. [PMID: 34812211 PMCID: PMC8600914 DOI: 10.1007/s10551-021-04969-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Accountability is of universal interest to the business ethics community, but the emphasis to date has been primarily at the level of the industry, organization, or key individuals. This paper unites concepts from relational and felt accountability and team dynamics to provide an initial explanatory framework that emphasizes the importance of social interactions to team accountability. We develop a measure of team accountability using participants in the USA and Europe and then use it to study a cohort of 65 teams of Irish business students over three months as they complete a complex simulation. Our hypotheses test the origins of team accountability and its effects on subsequent team performance and attitudinal states. Results indicate that initial team accountability is strongly related to team trust, commitment, efficacy, and identifying with the team emotionally. In established teams, accountability increases effort and willingness to continue to collaborate but did not significantly improve task performance in this investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chia-Yu Kou
- Cranfield School of Management, Cranfield University, Bedford, UK
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27
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Jun J, Rosemberg MAS. I Am a Nurse, Not a Martyr: Qualitative Investigation of Nurses' Experiences During Onset of the Coronavirus Pandemic. Policy Polit Nurs Pract 2021; 23:48-55. [PMID: 34704859 DOI: 10.1177/15271544211054435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nurses have always played an essential role during epidemics, risking their lives caring for sick and dying patients. However, the unprecedented nature of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has left organizations and healthcare professionals ill-prepared and under-equipped to manage the severity, manifestations, and acute and long-term implications. While COVID-19 has presented profound physical and mental health implications for nurses, we know little about nurses' professional experiences within their organizational context. Thus, this qualitative descriptive study fills that gap through in-depth exploration of nurses' shared professional experiences working in hospitals during the first surge of COVID-19 in the United States. Twenty-two nurses were interviewed via telephone during April and May 2020. Through thematic analysis four main themes emerged: (1) fear, (2) collective resilience through shared trauma, (3) uncharted territory, and (4) perceived disposability. Nurses felt ill-praepared for the rapid changes wrought by COVID-19; yet they also felt proud with a renewed sense of meaning in their work. While unit colleagues were a great source of strength, nurses still reported disappointment, even feeling abandoned by their organizations. Our study indicates that nurses relied on one another to cope and find meaning. These findings are invaluable for policy development and the establishment of preventive and early intervention strategies. Done right, such efforts could better support nurses by encouraging team building, protection, and rewards to maintain nurses' wellbeing during such outbreaks and in their aftermath. Organizations also ought to make nurses' health and wellbeing a priority by streamlining communication, transparency, and leadership visibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Jun
- Center for Healthy Aging, Self-Management and Complex Care, 2647The Ohio State University, College of Nursing, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Marie-Anne S Rosemberg
- Department of Systems, Populations and Leadership, 1259University of Michigan, School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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28
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Dierdorff EC, Fisher DM. Problematic personalities in teams: Implications for performance trajectories and resilience to unexpected change. PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/peps.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erich C. Dierdorff
- Department of Management and Entrepreneurship Driehaus College of Business DePaul University Chicago Illinois USA
| | - David M. Fisher
- Kendall College of Arts & Sciences The University of Tulsa Tulsa Oklahoma USA
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29
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Raetze S, Duchek S, Maynard MT, Kirkman BL. Resilience in Organizations: An Integrative Multilevel Review and Editorial Introduction. GROUP & ORGANIZATION MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/10596011211032129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The interest of organization and management researchers in the resilience concept has steadily grown in recent years. Although there is consensus about the importance of resilience in organizational contexts, many important research questions remain. For example, it is still largely unclear how resilience functions at different levels of analysis in organizations and how these various levels interact. In this special issue, we seek to advance knowledge about the complex resilience construct. For laying a foundation, in this editorial introduction we offer an integrative literature review of previous resilience research at three different levels of analysis (i.e., individual, team, and organization). Furthermore, we demonstrate what is already known about resilience as a multilevel construct and interactions among different resilience levels. Based on the results of our literature review, we identify salient research gaps and highlight some of the more promising areas for future research on resilience. Finally, we present an overview of the articles in this special issue and highlight their contributions in light of the gaps identified herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Raetze
- Chair of Organization and Corporate Governance, Faculty 5: Business, Law and Social Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Duchek
- Chair of Organization and Corporate Governance, Faculty 5: Business, Law and Social Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany
| | - M. Travis Maynard
- Management Department, College of Business, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Bradley L. Kirkman
- Department of Management Innovation & Entrepreneurship, Poole College of Management, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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30
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Project team resilience: The effect of group potency and interpersonal trust. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijproman.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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Chen Y, Zhang Y. Fostering Resilience in New Venture Teams: The Role of Behavioral and Affective Integration. GROUP & ORGANIZATION MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/10596011211033164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Resilience has begun to receive attention in entrepreneurship research. However, most studies focus on organizational and individual resilience; little is known about team resilience in the entrepreneurship field. To fill the gap, this study explores team resilience and its formation and function in a specific context: new venture teams (NVTs). Conceptualizing team resilience as a second-order emergent state with first-order dimensions being resilience-efficacious beliefs and resilience-adaptive capacity, this study articulates the role of behavioral integration in cultivating team resilience and tests the effect of team resilience on NVT performance. Furthermore, a double-edged sword effect of affective integration is proposed: it strengthens the link between behavioral integration and team resilience but weakens the tie between team resilience and performance. Survey data collected from 488 entrepreneurs in 110 NVTs lend support to our hypotheses. These findings add to the knowledge of team resilience in a unique entrepreneurship setting, expand our understanding of NVT effectiveness, and provide implications to NVTs in terms of resilience building and team climate management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Chen
- Department of Marketing, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Yinpu Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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32
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Lines RLJ, Ducker KJ, Ntoumanis N, Thøgersen-Ntoumani C, Fletcher D, Gucciardi DF. Stress, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and resilience-The effects of naturalistic periods of elevated stress: A measurement-burst study. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13846. [PMID: 34124785 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stress is an important consideration for understanding why individuals take part in limited or no physical activity. The negative effects of stress on physical activity do not hold for everyone, so examinations of possible resilience resources that might protect individuals from the harmful effects of stress are required. Accordingly, we conducted a measurement-burst study with 53 university students over a 6-month period to examine the dynamics among stress, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and resilience resources. Participants completed three bursts of 6 days, with each burst separated by an 8-week gap. Expectations regarding the moderating effects of resilience resources were unsupported. Daily reports of academic and general stress were positively associated with sedentary behavior and negatively associated with light and moderate intensity physical activity. Hair cortisol concentration significantly moderated the association between academic stress and sedentary behavior, such that in bursts where cortisol was lower the daily positive association between stress and sedentary behavior was weaker. The finding that academic and general stress are dynamically associated with lower levels of light and moderate intensity physical activity and higher levels of sedentary behavior is an important extension to previous research, which has relied mainly on cross-sectional designs and self-report methods. Future research might examine resilience resources that are specific to the outcomes of interest rather than rely on generic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin L J Lines
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Physical Activity and Well-being Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Kagan J Ducker
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nikos Ntoumanis
- Physical Activity and Well-being Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Cecilie Thøgersen-Ntoumani
- Physical Activity and Well-being Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - David Fletcher
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Daniel F Gucciardi
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Physical Activity and Well-being Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Lang JWB, Runge JM, De Fruyt F. What are agile, flexible, or adaptable employees and students? A typology of dynamic individual differences in applied settings. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070211012932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The applied psychology literature has discussed and used a variety of different definitions of dynamic individual differences. Descriptions like dynamic, agile, adaptive, or flexible can refer to a variety of different types of constructs. The present article contributes to the literature by presenting an organizing typology of dynamic constructs. We also conducted a literature review of four major applied journals over the last 15 years to validate the taxonomy and to use it to map what type of dynamic individual differences constructs are typically studied in the applied psychology literature. The typology includes six basic conceptualizations of dynamic individual differences: Variability constructs (inconsistency across situations), skill acquisition constructs (learning new skills), transition constructs (avoiding “loss” in behavior/skill after unforeseen change), reacquisition constructs (relearning after change), acceleration/deceleration constructs (losing or gaining energy by displaying the behavior), and integration/dissolution constructs (behavior becomes more or less uniform). We provide both verbal and statistical definitions for each of these constructs, and demonstrate how these conceptualizations can be operationalized in assessment and criterion measurement using R code and simulated data. We also show how researchers can test different dynamic explanations using likelihood-based R2 statistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas WB Lang
- Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Business School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Brykman KM, King DD. A Resource Model of Team Resilience Capacity and Learning. GROUP & ORGANIZATION MANAGEMENT 2021; 46:737-772. [PMID: 35422576 PMCID: PMC8998153 DOI: 10.1177/10596011211018008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A team’s capacity to bounce back from adversities or setbacks (i.e., team resilience capacity) is increasingly valuable in today’s complex business environment. To enhance our understanding of the antecedents and consequences of team resilience capacity, we develop and empirically test a resource-based model that delineates critical team inputs and outputs of resilience capacity. Drawing from conservation of resources theory, we propose that voice climate is a critical resource that builds team resilience capacity by encouraging intrateam communication and that leader learning goal orientation (LGO) amplifies this relationship by orienting team discourse toward understanding and growing from challenges. In turn, we propose that team resilience capacity is positively related to team learning behaviors, as teams with a higher resilience capacity are well-positioned to invest their resources into learning activities, and that team information elaboration amplifies this relationship by facilitating resource exchange. Results of a time-lagged, multisource field study involving 48 teams from five Canadian technology start-ups supported this moderated-mediated model. Specifically, voice climate was positively related to team resilience capacity, with leader LGO amplifying this effect. Further, team resilience capacity was positively related to team learning behaviors, with information elaboration amplifying this effect. Altogether, we advance theory and practice on team resilience by offering empirical support on what builds team resilience capacity (voice climate) and what teams with a high resilience capacity do (learning), along with the conditions under which these relationships are enhanced (higher leader LGO and team information elaboration).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M. Brykman
- Odette School of Business, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
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35
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Falon SL, Kangas M, Crane MF. The coping insights involved in strengthening resilience: The Self-Reflection and Coping Insight Framework. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING 2021; 34:734-750. [PMID: 33834896 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2021.1910676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent theoretical work suggests that self-reflection on daily stressors and the efficacy of coping strategies and resources is beneficial for the enhancement of resilient capacities. However, coping insights emerging from self-reflection, and their relationship to resilient capacities, is an existing gap in our understanding. OBJECTIVES Given that insights come in many forms, the objective of this paper is to delineate exemplar coping insights that strengthen the capacity for resilience. METHODS After providing an overview of self-reflection and insight, we extend the Systematic Self-Reflection model of resilience strengthening by introducing the Self-Reflection and Coping Insight Framework to articulate how the emergence of coping insights may mediate the relationship between five self-reflective practices and the enhancement of resilient capacities. RESULTS We explore the potential for coping insights to convey complex ideas about the self in the context of stressor exposure, an awareness of response patterns to stressors, and principles about the nature of stress and coping across time and contexts. CONCLUSIONS This framework adds to existing scholarship by providing a characterization of how coping insight may strengthen resilient capacities, allowing for a guided exploration of coping insight during future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Falon
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria Kangas
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Monique F Crane
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
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36
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Hoegl M, Hartmann S. Bouncing back, if not beyond: Challenges for research on resilience. ASIAN BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT 2021; 20:456-464. [PMCID: PMC7485428 DOI: 10.1057/s41291-020-00133-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Setbacks are a fact of life for individuals and collectives—and resilience is a key concept in explaining why some entities positively adapt (i.e., bounce back) or even emerge stronger (i.e., bounce beyond), while others suffer from such events, sometimes permanently. In this short note, we briefly introduce the concept of resilience before moving to three key challenges for management research in this field. With this, we would like to encourage the international scholarly research community to view any phenomenon of their interest also from a resilience perspective, considering significant setbacks and processes of positive adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hoegl
- Institute for Leadership and Organization, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Silja Hartmann
- Chair of Organization, Freie Universität Berlin, Garystr. 21, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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37
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Dubois CA, Borgès Da Silva R, Lavoie-Tremblay M, Lespérance B, Bentein K, Marchand A, Soldera S, Maheu C, Grenier S, Fortin MA. Developing and maintaining the resilience of interdisciplinary cancer care teams: an interventional study. BMC Health Serv Res 2020; 20:1039. [PMID: 33183288 PMCID: PMC7664072 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-05882-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Providing care to cancer patients is associated with a substantial psychological and emotional load on oncology workers. The purpose of this project is to co-construct, implement and assess multidimensional intervention continuums that contribute to developing the resilience of interdisciplinary cancer care teams and thereby reduce the burden associated with mental health problems. The project is based on resources theories and theories of empowerment. Methods The study will involve cancer care teams at four institutions and will use a mixed-model design. It will be organized into three components: (1) Intervention development. Rather than impose a single way of doing things, the project will take a participatory approach involving a variety of mechanisms (workshops, discussion forums, surveys, observations) to develop interventions that take into account the specific contexts of each of the four participating institutions. (2) Intervention implementation and assessment. The purpose of this component is to implement the four interventions developed in the preceding component, assess their effects and whether they are cost effective. A longitudinal quasi-experimental design will be used. Intervention monitoring will extend over 12 months. The effects will be assessed by means of generalized estimating equation regressions. A cost-benefit analysis will be performed to assess the cost-effectiveness of the interventions, taking an institutional perspective (costs and benefits associated with the intervention). (3) Analysis of co-construction and implementation process. The purpose of this component is to (1) describe and assess the approaches used to engage stakeholders in the co-construction and implementation process; (2) identify the factors that have fostered or impeded the co-construction, implementation and long-term sustainability of the interventions. The proposed design is a longitudinal multiple case study. Discussion In the four participating institutions, the project will provide an opportunity to develop new abilities that will strengthen team resilience and create more suitable work environments. Beyond these institutions, the project will generate a variety of resources (e.g.: work situation analysis tools; method of operationalizing the intervention co-development process; communications tools; assessment tools) that other oncology teams will be able to adapt and deploy elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl-Ardy Dubois
- Département de gestion, d'évaluation et de politique de santé, École de santé publique de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada. .,Centre de recherche en santé publique, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal et Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Roxane Borgès Da Silva
- Département de gestion, d'évaluation et de politique de santé, École de santé publique de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Centre de recherche en santé publique, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal et Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Bernard Lespérance
- Centre de recherche en santé publique, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal et Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kathleen Bentein
- École des sciences de la gestion, Département d'organisation et ressources humaines, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alain Marchand
- École de relations industrielles, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sara Soldera
- Centre hospitalier Charles-Le Moyne, CISSS de la Montérégie-Centre, Longueuil, Canada
| | - Christine Maheu
- Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sébastien Grenier
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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Cropley B, Baldock L, Hanton S, Gucciardi DF, McKay A, Neil R, Williams T. A Multi-Study Exploration of Factors That Optimize Hardiness in Sport Coaches and the Role of Reflective Practice in Facilitating Hardy Attitudes. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1823. [PMID: 32903676 PMCID: PMC7438814 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hardiness has been identified as a key personal characteristic that may moderate the ill-effects of stress on health and performance. However, little is known about how hardiness might be developed, particularly in sport coaches. To systematically address this gap, we present two linked studies. First, interviews were conducted with pre-determined high-hardy, elite coaches (n = 13) to explore how they had developed their hardy dispositions through the associated attitudinal sub-components of control, commitment, and challenge. Utilizing thematic analysis, we identified that hardiness was developed through experiential learning, external support, and the use of specific coping mechanisms. Key to all of these themes was the concept of reflective practice, which was thought to facilitate more meaningful learning from the participants' experiences and, subsequently, enhance the self-awareness and insight required to augment hardiness and its sub-components. To investigate further the potential relationship between coaches' reflective practices and their level of hardiness, we conducted a follow-up study. Specifically, a sample of 402 sports coaches completed the Dispositional Resilience Scale-15, the Self-Reflection and Insight Scale, and the Questionnaire for Reflective Thinking. Using latent profile analysis (LPA), we clustered participants into groups based on their reflective profiles (e.g., type of engagement, level of reflective thinking). We then examined differences in hardiness between the five latent sub-groups using multinomial regression. Findings revealed that the sub-group of highly engaged, intentionally critical reflective thinkers reported significantly higher levels of all three hardiness sub-components than all other sub-groups; these effect sizes were typically moderate-to-large in magnitude (standardized mean differences = -1.50 to -0.10). Conversely, the profile of highly disengaged, non-reflective, habitual actors reported the lowest level of all three dimensions. Collectively, our findings offer novel insights into the potential factors that may influence a coaches' level of hardiness. We provide particular support for the importance of reflective practice as a meta-cognitive strategy that helps coaches to develop hardy dispositions through augmenting its attitudinal sub-components. Consequently, our research makes a significant contribution by providing a comprehensive insight into how we might better train and support coaches to demonstrate the adaptive qualities required to thrive in demanding situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Cropley
- School of Health, Sport and Professional Practice, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Baldock
- School of Health, Sport and Professional Practice, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, United Kingdom
| | - Sheldon Hanton
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel F Gucciardi
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alan McKay
- School of Health, Sport and Professional Practice, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, United Kingdom
| | - Rich Neil
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Williams
- School of Health, Sport and Professional Practice, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, United Kingdom
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39
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Conducting an Evaluation Framework for Disaster Management under Adaptive Organization Change in a School System. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12166615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This long-term study established a sustainable and resilient framework for enhancing organizational capacity and adaptability, based on adaptive thinking, for a school disaster prevention system (SDPS) for academic institutions located in a potential natural disaster area. Due to the movement of continental plates and the effects of tropical depressions, disasters occur frequently in Taiwan. We established a conceptual framework under aspects of organizational resilience for a SDPS for school institutions located in a potential disaster area under a choice experiment (CE) framework. We then evaluated the heterogeneity of staff perspectives on an adaptive disaster-mitigation program, as revealed by their preferences and estimated the marginal effects associated with various potential scenarios for such a program. We found that integrating stakeholder concerns about environmental issues, cooperating with local government drills, providing training to be disaster relief volunteers and cooperating with local government to implement disaster-prevention and protection projects were all valid program characteristics. This study also confirmed the existence of heterogeneity in the preferences of participants for adaptive management in SDPS context, as evidenced by their willing attitudes toward participation in education and training courses, participation in implementing disaster prevention and protection projects and undergoing training to be disaster relief volunteers. Specifically, the potential disaster prevention transformation program embodying these features was associated with the highest marginal willingness to work (MWTW). These outcomes can assist in the development and implementation of evaluation frameworks for organization-based management strategies in the context of SDPS.
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40
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Hartwig A, Clarke S, Johnson S, Willis S. Workplace team resilience: A systematic review and conceptual development. ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2041386620919476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Workplace team resilience has been proposed as a potential asset for work teams to maintain performance in the face of adverse events. Nonetheless, the research on team resilience has been conceptually and methodologically inconsistent. Taking a multilevel perspective, we present an integrative review of the workplace team resilience literature to identify the conceptual nature of team resilience and its unique value over and above personal resilience as well as other team concepts. We advance resilience research by providing a new multilevel model of team resilience that offers conceptual clarification regarding the relationship between individual-level and team-level resilience. The results of our review may form the basis for the development of a common operationalization of team resilience, which facilitates new empirical research examining ways that teams can improve their adversity management in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sara Willis
- Alliance Manchester Business School, The University of Manchester, UK
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41
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Anthony DR, Gordon S, Gucciardi DF. A qualitative exploration of mentally tough behaviour in Australian football. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:308-319. [PMID: 31783717 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1698002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The primary aim of this research was to generate insight into observable mentally tough behaviours, or MTb, across different contexts (e.g., training and competition) in an Australian football (AF) environment. A second aim of this research was to explore the utility of MTb as a distinct concept, and identify common behavioural qualities associated with MTb that separate it from other similar constructs. In total, 10 experienced full-time football operations staff were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide, with inductive thematic analysis employed to analyse the data. Five main themes relating to MTb were identified: adaptive development, consistent training conduct, composed performance actions, responsible and accountable, and team supportive. Overall, the findings of the research provided preliminary support for the proposition that there exists a collection of MTb that are displayed more frequently by athletes considered to possess high levels of mental toughness compared to athletes who are perceived to have low levels of this psychological capacity. We propose a collection of necessary and sufficient behavioural qualities and a working definition of MTb to further our understanding of potential strategies to develop MT.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Anthony
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Sandy Gordon
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Daniel F Gucciardi
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Physical Activity and Well-Being Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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42
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Kristjánsdóttir H, Jóhannsdóttir KR, Pic M, Saavedra JM. Psychological characteristics in women football players: Skills, mental toughness, and anxiety. Scand J Psychol 2019; 60:609-615. [PMID: 31489980 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Women's football has been far less studied than men's. This work's objectives were to: (1) analyze the differences in psychological skills, mental toughness (MT), and anxiety in women football players according to their level (national team, first division, and second division); and (2) predict those three levels (using a multivariate model) according to the players' psychological skills, mental toughness, and anxiety. One hundred and forty-two Icelandic women football players (23.5 ± 3.5 years) participated in the study. They were classified into three groups according to their level: national team, and first and second divisions. Three questionnaires were used: the Test of Performance Strategies Questionnaire, the Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire, and the Sport Anxiety Scale-2 questionnaire. A one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc correction was used to examine differences between teams. Applying a classification tree analysis, the participants were classified into three groups according to their level. There were few differences between the three groups in psychological skills, but in mental toughness and anxiety the national team had the highest and lowest values respectively, and the first and second division players differed in relaxation in competition (TOPS), total score and confidence (SMTQ), and worry (SAS-2). The classification tree correctly classified 54.9% of the sample with the variables total score (SMTQ) and activation in practice (TOPS). Therefore, given the relevance that psychological attributes appear to have for women football players' performance, it would seem indispensable to incorporate the figure of the sports psychologist into national and club teams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafrún Kristjánsdóttir
- Physical Activity, Physical Education, Sport and Health (PAPESH) Research Centre, Sports Science Department, School of Social Sciences, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kamilla R Jóhannsdóttir
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Miguel Pic
- Group of Research and Teaching Innovation in Physical Activity and Sport, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Jose M Saavedra
- Physical Activity, Physical Education, Sport and Health (PAPESH) Research Centre, Sports Science Department, School of Social Sciences, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
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43
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Bui H, Chau VS, Degl'Innocenti M, Leone L, Vicentini F. The Resilient Organisation: A Meta‐Analysis of the Effect of Communication on Team Diversity and Team Performance. APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/apps.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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44
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Lines RLJ, Crane M, Ducker KJ, Ntoumanis N, Thøgersen-Ntoumani C, Fletcher D, Gucciardi DF. Profiles of adversity and resilience resources: A latent class analysis of two samples. Br J Psychol 2019; 111:174-199. [PMID: 30932182 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Adversities refer to events that are characterized by perceived or actual threat to human functioning. Often considered deleterious for health and well-being, recent work supports an alternative picture of the effects of adversity on human functioning, such that a moderate amount of adversity - when compared with none or high levels - can be beneficial. We extend this body of work in the current study by considering the breadth or type of adversities experienced simultaneously (referred to as polyadversity), with a focus on individual profiles of lifetime adversities. Latent class analysis was employed to explore different configurations of lifetime adversity experiences in two independent samples and examine how these latent classes differed with regard to resilience resources (i.e., optimism, hope, self-efficacy, and bounce-back ability). University students (N = 348) and members from the broader community (N = 1,506) completed measures of lifetime adversity exposure and resilience resources. Three polyadversity classes were revealed in each sample, with both producing a high and a low polyadversity class. The third class differed between samples; in the student sample, this class represented experiences of vicarious adversity, whereas in the community sample, it represented moderate levels of exposure to adversity. Support for the adaptive nature of a moderate amount of adversity exposure was found in the community sample but not in the student sample. This study produces initial evidence of how lifetime adversity experiences group together and how class membership is related to resilience resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin L J Lines
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Physical Activity and Well-Being Lab, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Monique Crane
- School of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kagan J Ducker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nikos Ntoumanis
- Physical Activity and Well-Being Lab, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Cecilie Thøgersen-Ntoumani
- Physical Activity and Well-Being Lab, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Fletcher
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Daniel F Gucciardi
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Physical Activity and Well-Being Lab, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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45
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Chapman MT, Lines RLJ, Crane M, Ducker KJ, Ntoumanis N, Peeling P, Parker SK, Quested E, Temby P, Thøgersen-Ntoumani C, Gucciardi DF. Team resilience: A scoping review of conceptual and empirical work. WORK AND STRESS 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/02678373.2018.1529064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Chapman
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Robin L. J. Lines
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Monique Crane
- School of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kagan J. Ducker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Peter Peeling
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | | | - Philip Temby
- Land Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Daniel F. Gucciardi
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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