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Wei S, Lin T, Sáenz-Ravello G, Gao H, Zhang Y, Tonetti MS, Deng K. Diagnostic accuracy of salivary active matrix metalloproteinase (aMMP)-8 point-of-care test for detecting periodontitis in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol 2024. [PMID: 38763168 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.14000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the accuracy of salivary active matrix metalloproteinase (aMMP)-8 point-of-care test (POCT) for detecting periodontitis in adults, through meta-analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diagnostic studies evaluating the accuracy of salivary/oral rinse aMMP-8 POCT for detecting periodontitis in adults, when compared with clinical examination, were considered eligible. A comprehensive search was performed up to 31 August 2023 through five databases. Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 was utilized to evaluate the methodological quality of the included articles. Meta-analysis was performed using Bayesian bivariate hierarchical model and subgroup analysis. RESULTS From 368 screened studies, 6 studies (4 cross-sectional and 2 longitudinal studies) were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of salivary aMMP-8-POCT for detecting periodontitis were 0.63 (95% CI: 0.41-0.82) and 0.84 (95% CI: 0.65-0.95), respectively. Subgroup analyses revealed that the 95% CI for oral fluid types, predefined diagnostic thresholds and the POCT systems largely overlapped, indicating that the differences between them may not be significant. CONCLUSION Salivary aMMP-8 POCT shows fair accuracy for detecting periodontitis. The diagnostic accuracy cannot be significantly influenced by the types of oral fluids, predefined diagnostic thresholds or the specific POCT systems used. More research is needed to confirm the clinical utility and implementation of aMMP-8 POCT in the diagnosis of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Wei
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tingting Lin
- Division of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gustavo Sáenz-Ravello
- Center for Surveillance and Epidemiology of Oral Diseases, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hanqi Gao
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Maurizio S Tonetti
- Shanghai PerioImplant Innovation Center, Department of Oral Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Deng
- Division of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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2
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Tortolini C, Gigli V, Angeloni A, Tasca F, Thanh NTK, Antiochia R. A disposable immunosensor for the detection of salivary MMP-8 as biomarker of periodontitis. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 156:108590. [PMID: 37976772 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the development of a novel voltammetric immunosensor for the detection of salivary MMP-8 at the point-of-care. The electrochemical platform was based on a graphene (GPH) screen-printed electrode (SPE) functionalized by gold-nanospheres (AuNSs) and antibodies against MMP-8 protein (anti-MMP-8). The functionalization with anti-MMP-8 was realized by using 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (11-MUA), thanks to its ability to give strong sulfur bonds with its -SH end, and to cross-link the -NH2 groups of the antibody molecule with the other -COOH end, using the traditional EDC-NHS method. The voltammetric sensor showed good performances with a linear range of 2.5-300 ng mL-1, a LOD value of 1.0 ± 0.1 ng mL-1 and a sensitivity of 0.05 µA mL cm-2 ng-1. Moreover, the proposed immunosensor was tested in real saliva samples, showing comparable results to those obtained with the conventional ELISA method. The biosensor was single-use and cost-effective and required a small quantity of test medium and a short preparation time, representing a very attractive biosensor for MMP-8 detection in human saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Tortolini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Gigli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Angeloni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Tasca
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Department of Materials Chemistry, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo ÓHiggins 3363, 8320000 Estacion Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nguyen T K Thanh
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; UCL Healthcare Biomagnetic and Nanomaterials Laboratories, Royal Institution of Great Britain, 21 Albermarle Street, London W1S 4BS, UK
| | - Riccarda Antiochia
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Babun FK, Kayar NA, Hatipoğlu M. Investigating the role of salivary Interleukin-40 levels in diagnosing periodontal diseases. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38515006 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to analyze IL-40, IL-1β, and MMP-8 levels in periodontitis as well as gingivitis and periodontal health, and to explore potential correlations between these biomarkers and standard clinical parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected saliva samples from 120 systemically healthy, non-smoking individuals aged between 18 and 63 years. These individuals were divided into three groups: healthy controls [S], gingivitis [G], and stage III grade B periodontitis [P]. IL-40, IL-1β, and MMP-8 levels in saliva samples were analyzed by ELISA. RESULTS We observed significantly elevated salivary IL-40 levels in the G group compared to the S group (p = 0.003). We found significantly higher salivary IL-1β levels in the P group compared to both the S and G groups (p = 0.000). Salivary MMP-8 levels were significantly higher in the P group than in the S group (p = 0.016). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that IL-40 and IL-1β may serve as effective salivary biomarkers for diagnosing gingivitis, while MMP-8 and IL-1β may be effective for distinguishing periodontitis. Based on our study's findings, it can be stated that IL-40 may serve as a new and effective biomarker for distinguishing individuals with gingivitis from healthy ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Köksel Babun
- Department of Periodontology, Akdeniz University Faculty of Dentistry, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Nezahat Arzu Kayar
- Department of Periodontology, Akdeniz University Faculty of Dentistry, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mükerrem Hatipoğlu
- Department of Periodontology, Akdeniz University Faculty of Dentistry, Antalya, Turkey
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Peron PF, Wehrbein H, Mundethu A, Schmidtmann I, Erbe C. Clinical parameters and inflammatory biomarkers among patients with multibracket appliances: a prospective clinical trial. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:308. [PMID: 38443926 PMCID: PMC10913366 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03995-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aim of the presented study was to investigate changes in clinical parameters and active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) levels in gingival crevicular fluid of patients before and during treatment with multibrackets appliances. METHODS Fifty-five adolescents scheduled for the treatment were included. Clinical parameters and subgingival samples were obtained at six time points: 1 week before appliance insertion (T0), 3 (T1), 6 (T2) weeks, 3 (T3), 6 (T4) months, and 1 year (T5) after that. Gingival index and plaque index were assessed to evaluated changes on the clinical status. Subgingival samples were collected to analyze changes in aMMP-8. RESULTS Scores for gingival and plaque index increased after bracket insertion. The gingival index increased from T2 (p < 0.05) until T5 (p < 0.0001). Plaque index also increased, reaching its maximum peak at T3 (p < 0.05). Moreover, an increase of aMMP-8 levels (p < 0.05) was noted. There was no significant between upper and lower jaws. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with multibracket appliances in adolescents favors dental plaque accumulation and may transitionally increase gingival and plaque index and aMMP-8 levels leading to gingival inflammation, even 1 year after therapy began. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the dental medical association Rheiland-Pfalz, Germany (process no. 837.340.12 (8441-F)), and followed the guidelines of Good Clinical Practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Ferrari Peron
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Heinrich Wehrbein
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ambili Mundethu
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Irene Schmidtmann
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 69, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christina Erbe
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
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5
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Blanco-Pintos T, Regueira-Iglesias A, Seijo-Porto I, Balsa-Castro C, Castelo-Baz P, Nibali L, Tomás I. Accuracy of periodontitis diagnosis obtained using multiple molecular biomarkers in oral fluids: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:1420-1443. [PMID: 37608638 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine the accuracy of biomarker combinations in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva through meta-analysis to diagnose periodontitis in systemically healthy subjects. METHODS Studies on combining two or more biomarkers providing a binary classification table, sensitivity/specificity values or group sizes in subjects diagnosed with periodontitis were included. The search was performed in August 2022 through PUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane, LILACS, SCOPUS and Web of Science. The methodological quality of the articles selected was evaluated using the QUADAS-2 checklist. Hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic modelling was employed to perform the meta-analyses (CRD42020175021). RESULTS Twenty-one combinations in GCF and 47 in saliva were evaluated. Meta-analyses were possible for six salivary combinations (median sensitivity/specificity values): IL-6 with MMP-8 (86.2%/80.5%); IL-1β with IL-6 (83.0%/83.7%); IL-1β with MMP-8 (82.7%/80.8%); MIP-1α with MMP-8 (71.0%/75.6%); IL-1β, IL-6 and MMP-8 (81.8%/84.3%); and IL-1β, IL-6, MIP-1α and MMP-8 (76.6%/79.7%). CONCLUSIONS Two-biomarker combinations in oral fluids show high diagnostic accuracy for periodontitis, which is not substantially improved by incorporating more biomarkers. In saliva, the dual combinations of IL-1β, IL-6 and MMP-8 have an excellent ability to detect periodontitis and a good capacity to detect non-periodontitis. Because of the limited number of biomarker combinations evaluated, further research is required to corroborate these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Blanco-Pintos
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Regueira-Iglesias
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - I Seijo-Porto
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - C Balsa-Castro
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - P Castelo-Baz
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - L Nibali
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Dental Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - I Tomás
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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6
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Santamaria P, Sari A, Nibali L. Molecular profiling of gingival crevicular fluid fails to distinguish between infrabony and suprabony periodontal defects. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:1315-1325. [PMID: 37438680 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess the differential molecular profiling of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from infrabony and suprabony periodontal defects compared with healthy sites. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-five samples from 25 patients with untreated periodontitis stage III-IV were included. Clinical and radiological parameters as well as GCF samples were collected from an infrabony defect, a suprabony defect and a periodontally healthy site per patient. A multiplex bead immunoassay was performed to assess the level of 18 biomarkers associated with inflammation, connective tissue degradation and regeneration/repair. RESULTS GCF volume was higher in periodontal sites compared with healthy sites, with no significant difference between infrabony and suprabony defects. Fourteen biomarkers were elevated in infrabony and suprabony sites compared with healthy sites (p < .05). Only interleukin-1α levels were increased in infrabony compared with suprabony sites, whereas there was no difference in probing pocket depth. CONCLUSIONS Although the GCF molecular profile clearly differentiates periodontally affected sites from healthy sites, the different architecture between infrabony and suprabony defects is not reflected in GCF biomarker changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Santamaria
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Aysegul Sari
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Luigi Nibali
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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7
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Atanasova T, Stankova T, Bivolarska A, Vlaykova T. Matrix Metalloproteinases in Oral Health-Special Attention on MMP-8. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1514. [PMID: 37371608 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a large family of Ca2+ and Zn2+ dependent proteolytic enzymes, able to cleave the various components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), as well as a range of other regulatory molecules. Several reports have proven the important role of both MMPs and their endogenous inhibitors, TIPMs, in oral health, the initial development of the tooth, and during enamel maturation. In this mini-review, we aim to summarize the literature information about the functions of MMPs, paying more attention to MMP-8 (collagenase-2 or neutrophil collagenase) in the development and progression of periodontitis, peri-implantitis, and carious lesions. We also emphasize the role of particular gene variants in MMP8 as predisposing factors for some oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetelina Atanasova
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Teodora Stankova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Anelia Bivolarska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Tatyana Vlaykova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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8
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Alghamdi B, Jeon HH, Ni J, Qiu D, Liu A, Hong JJ, Ali M, Wang A, Troka M, Graves DT. Osteoimmunology in Periodontitis and Orthodontic Tooth Movement. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:128-146. [PMID: 36862360 PMCID: PMC10696608 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the role of the immune cells and their interaction with cells found in gingiva, periodontal ligament, and bone that leads to net bone loss in periodontitis or bone remodeling in orthodontic tooth movement. RECENT FINDINGS Periodontal disease is one of the most common oral diseases causing inflammation in the soft and hard tissues of the periodontium and is initiated by bacteria that induce a host response. Although the innate and adaptive immune response function cooperatively to prevent bacterial dissemination, they also play a major role in gingival inflammation and destruction of the connective tissue, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone characteristic of periodontitis. The inflammatory response is triggered by bacteria or their products that bind to pattern recognition receptors that induce transcription factor activity to stimulate cytokine and chemokine expression. Epithelial, fibroblast/stromal, and resident leukocytes play a key role in initiating the host response and contribute to periodontal disease. Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) experiments have added new insight into the roles of various cell types in the response to bacterial challenge. This response is modified by systemic conditions such as diabetes and smoking. In contrast to periodontitis, orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a sterile inflammatory response induced by mechanical force. Orthodontic force application stimulates acute inflammatory responses in the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone stimulated by cytokines and chemokines that produce bone resorption on the compression side. On the tension side, orthodontic forces induce the production of osteogenic factors, stimulating new bone formation. A number of different cell types, cytokines, and signaling/pathways are involved in this complex process. Inflammatory and mechanical force-induced bone remodeling involves bone resorption and bone formation. The interaction of leukocytes with host stromal cells and osteoblastic cells plays a key role in both initiating the inflammatory events as well as inducing a cellular cascade that results in remodeling in orthodontic tooth movement or in tissue destruction in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Alghamdi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Medina, 42353, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hyeran Helen Jeon
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jia Ni
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongxu Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Alyssia Liu
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Julie J Hong
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Mamoon Ali
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Albert Wang
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Michael Troka
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Dana T Graves
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA.
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Lee HJ, Lee SJ, Lee SK, Choi BK, Lee DR. Magnolia kobus Extract Inhibits Periodontitis-Inducing Mediators in Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide-Activated RAW 264.7 Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:538-554. [PMID: 36661522 PMCID: PMC9858207 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, a disease caused by inflammation of oral bacteria, contributes to the loss of alveolar bone and destruction of connective tissues. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a Gram-negative bacterium, is known to possess important pathogenic factors for periodontal disease. In this study, we investigated the anti-periodontitis effects of Magnolia kobus extract (MKE) and magnolin as a component of Magnolia kobus (MK) in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Effects of MKE and magnolin on the mechanism of RAW 264.7 cellular inflammation were determined by analyzing nitric oxide (NO) production and Western blot protein expression (n = 3). MKE/magnolin inhibited NO production without affecting cell survival. MKE/magnolin treatment inhibited LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs such as MMP-1, 3, 8, 9, and 13), and protein levels of inflammatory mediators (such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and mPGES-1). MKE/magnolin also suppressed NF-κB activation by inhibiting the TLR4 signaling pathway. These findings suggest that MKE has a therapeutic effect on inflammatory periodontal disease caused by oral bacterium P. gingivalis and that magnolin is a major functional component in the anti-inflammatory effect of MKE.
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10
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Kowalski J, Nowak M, Górski B, Górska R. What Has Immunology Brought to Periodontal Disease in Recent Years? Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2022; 70:26. [PMID: 36245042 PMCID: PMC9573852 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-022-00662-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent decades have shed a new light on the pathomechanism of periodontal inflammation. While classic periodontology concentrates on biofilm control, oral hygiene improvement, professional tooth cleaning and surgical correction of damaged periodontal tissues, new aspects of the destruction mechanisms are being raised. Among them, the greatest attention is paid to the influence of host response on the clinical manifestations of the disease. Numerous studies have proved that the shift from gingivitis to periodontitis is not a simple progress of the disease, but an event occurring only in susceptible individuals. Susceptibility may result from appearance of local factors facilitating biofilm accumulation and/or maturation, or from systemic features, among which over-reaction and prolonged agitation of non-specific component of inflammatory response is crucial. The present paper summarizes the association between periodontology and immunology and updates the knowledge accrued mostly in the recent years. After a brief explanation of advances in understanding of the disease aetiology, the most studied and potentially viable immunological markers of periodontal disease are presented. Possible new therapeutic strategies, exploiting knowledge about the nature of host response—immunomodulation and reduction of chronic oxidative stress—are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kowalski
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Maciej Nowak
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Górski
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Renata Górska
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Borchers J, Merle CL, Schöneborn DD, Lyko LR, Thouet T, Wolfarth B, Kottmann T, Scheibenbogen C, Zimmer J, Diederich S, Bauer K, Sack U, Schmalz G, Ziebolz D, Wüstenfeld J. Salivary Diagnostic for Monitoring Strenuous Exercise-A Pilot Study in a Cohort of Male Ultramarathon Runners. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16110. [PMID: 36498185 PMCID: PMC9737684 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Intense physical stress, such as that in ultramarathon running, affects the immune system. For monitoring in sports medicine, non-invasive methods, e.g., salivary analysis, are of interest. This pilot cohort study aimed to assess changes in salivary parameters in response to an ultramarathon. The results were compared to blood parameters. Male, healthy finishers (n = 9, mean age: 48 ± 8.8 years, mean height: 1.8 ± 0.1 m, mean weight: 72.5 ± 7.2 kg, mean BMI: 23.5 ± 1.9 kg/cm²) of a 160 km ultramarathon were included. Saliva and blood samples were collected at three time points: T1 (baseline), T2 (shortly after the ultramarathon) and T3 (after recovery). In saliva, cortisol, testosterone, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, albumin, IgA, α-amylase, aMMP-8, and neopterin were assessed via ELISA. In blood, cortisol, testosterone, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, blood cell counts, procalcitonin, CRP, osmolality, albumin, and α-amylase were analyzed. The statistical evaluation comprised longitudinal testing and cross-sectional testing between saliva and blood using ratios of T2 and T3 to baseline values. Various parameters in saliva and blood changed in response to the ultramarathon. Comparing blood and saliva, the longitudinal changes of testosterone (p = 0.02) and α-amylase (p = 0.03) differed significantly. Despite the limitations of the study, it underlines that saliva is an interesting option for comprehensive monitoring in sports medicine and necessitates further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephin Borchers
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cordula Leonie Merle
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, UKR University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Lea Ronja Lyko
- Department of Sports Medicine, Charité University Medicine, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Thouet
- Department of Sports Medicine, Charité University Medicine, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Wolfarth
- Department of Sports Medicine, Charité University Medicine, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Sports Medicine, Institute for Applied Scientific Training, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Sports Science, Humboldt University, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Carmen Scheibenbogen
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeannot Zimmer
- SYNLAB Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum Berlin GmbH, 10828 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Katrin Bauer
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sack
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schmalz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk Ziebolz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Wüstenfeld
- Department of Sports Medicine, Charité University Medicine, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Sports Medicine, Institute for Applied Scientific Training, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
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12
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Immune System Acts on Orthodontic Tooth Movement: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9668610. [PMID: 36330460 PMCID: PMC9626206 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9668610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a tissue remodeling process based on orthodontic force loading. Compressed periodontal tissues have a complicated aseptic inflammatory cascade, which are considered the initial factor of alveolar bone remodeling. Since skeletal and immune systems shared a wide variety of molecules, osteoimmunology has been generally accepted as an interdisciplinary field to investigate their interactions. Unsurprisingly, OTM is considered a good mirror of osteoimmunology since it involves immune reaction and bone remolding. In fact, besides bone remodeling, OTM involves cementum resorption, soft tissue remodeling, orthodontic pain, and relapse, all correlated with immune cells and/or immunologically active substance. The aim of this paper is to review the interaction of immune system with orthodontic tooth movement, which helps gain insights into mechanisms of OTM and search novel method to short treatment period and control complications.
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13
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Matrix Metalloproteinases in Dental and Periodontal Tissues and Their Current Inhibitors: Developmental, Degradational and Pathological Aspects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168929. [PMID: 36012195 PMCID: PMC9409155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This review article aims to describe some of the roles of Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in enamel, dentine, dental caries, hybrid layer degradation, pulp and periodontal tissues, throwing light on their current inhibitors. The article addresses the potential of MMPs to serve as biomarkers with diagnostic and therapeutic value. Design: The sections of this review discuss MMPs’ involvement in developmental, remodeling, degradational and turnover aspects of dental and periodontal tissues as well as their signals in the pathogenesis, progress of different lesions and wound healing of these tissues. The literature was searched for original research articles, review articles and theses. The literature search was conducted in PubMed and MEDLINE for articles published in the last 20 years. Results: 119 published papers, two textbooks and two doctoral theses were selected for preparing the current review. Conclusions: MMPs are significant proteases, of evident contribution in dental and periapical tissue development, health and disease processes, with promising potential for use as diagnostic and prognostic disease biomarkers. Continuing understanding of their role in pathogenesis and progress of different dental, periapical and periodontal lesions, as well as in dentine-pulp wound healing could be a keystone to future diagnostic and therapeutic regimens.
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14
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Ng MY, Lin T, Chao SC, Chu PM, Yu CC. Potential Therapeutic Applications of Natural Compounds in Diabetes-Associated Periodontitis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133614. [PMID: 35806899 PMCID: PMC9267692 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major worldwide health burden. DM is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, and if left untreated, can lead to various complications. Individuals with uncontrolled DM are more susceptible to periodontitis due to both a hyper-inflammatory host response and an impaired immune response. Periodontitis, on the other hand, may exacerbate DM by increasing both local and systemic inflammatory components of DM-related complications. The current standard for periodontal treatment in diabetes-associated periodontitis (DP) focuses mostly on reducing bacterial load and less on controlling the excessive host response, and hence, may not be able to resolve DP completely. Over the past decade, natural compounds have emerged as an adjunct approach for modulating the host immune response with the hope of curing DP. The anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic characteristics of natural substances are well-known, and they can be found in regularly consumed foods and drinks, as well as plants. The pathophysiology of DP and the treatment benefits of various bioactive extracts for DP will be covered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yee Ng
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (M.Y.N.); (T.L.)
| | - Taichen Lin
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (M.Y.N.); (T.L.)
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chi Chao
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yi-lan, Luodong 265501, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ming Chu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (M.Y.N.); (T.L.)
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2471-8668
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15
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Lalla RV, Treister NS, Sollecito TP, Schmidt BL, Patton LL, Helgeson ES, Lin A, Rybczyk C, Dowsett R, Hegde U, Boyd TS, Duplinsky TG, Brennan MT. Radiation therapy for head and neck cancer leads to gingival recession associated with dental caries. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2022; 133:539-546. [PMID: 35304084 PMCID: PMC9018549 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2022.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine effects of radiation therapy (RT) for head and neck cancer (HNC) on periodontal disease and relationships to caries. STUDY DESIGN A multicenter prospective observational cohort study (OraRad) was conducted in patients undergoing RT for HNC. Assessments were conducted by calibrated examiners at the pre-RT (baseline) visit (n = 533), the 12-month visit (n = 414), and the 24-month visit (n = 365). RESULTS The average whole mouth mean (standard error (SE)) distance from the cementoenamel junction to the gingival margin (CEJ-GM) decreased significantly from 0.43 (0.04) mm at baseline to 0.24 (0.04) mm at 12 months and 0.11 (0.04) mm at 24 months (P ≤ .001). Whole mouth mean (SE) percentage of sites with CEJ-GM distance of <0 mm increased significantly from 23.3% (1.0%) at baseline to 28.5% (1.0%) at 12 months and 30.5% (1.1%) at 24 months (P ≤ .02). Higher mean radiation dose to the mandible was associated with a greater increase in the percentage of mandibular sites with CEJ-GM distance of <0 mm (P = .003). Both mean CEJ-GM distance and the percentage of sites with a CEJ-GM distance <0 mm were strongly associated with whole mouth mean proportion of decayed, missing, and filled surfaces, as well as proportion of decayed or filled facial/buccal surfaces specifically, (P < .001), with greater gingival recession associated with increased caries. CONCLUSIONS RT for HNC leads to mandibular gingival recession in a dose-dependent manner. This gingival recession may contribute to increased risk for cervical caries seen in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh V Lalla
- Section of Oral Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | - Nathaniel S Treister
- Division of Oral Medicine and Dentistry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, MA, USA
| | - Thomas P Sollecito
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Oral Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian L Schmidt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauren L Patton
- Division of Craniofacial and Surgical Care, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Erika S Helgeson
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alexander Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cynthia Rybczyk
- Section of Oral Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Robert Dowsett
- Division of Radiation Oncology, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Upendra Hegde
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Timothy S Boyd
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | | | - Michael T Brennan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
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16
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Umeizudike KA, Lähteenmäki H, Räisänen IT, Taylor JJ, Preshaw PM, Bissett SM, Tervahartiala T, O Nwhator S, Pärnänen P, Sorsa T. Ability of matrix metalloproteinase-8 biosensor, IFMA, and ELISA immunoassays to differentiate between periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:558-567. [PMID: 35304757 PMCID: PMC9311725 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic utility of an MMP‐8 biosensor assay in differentiating periodontal health from gingivitis and periodontitis and compare it with an established time‐resolved immunofluorescence assay (IFMA) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Background Currently available antibody‐based assays display a wide variability in their ability to accurately measure matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (MMP‐8) levels in saliva. Methods Salivary MMP‐8 levels were analyzed in 189 systemically healthy participants using an antibody‐based biosensor prototype that operates using a surface acoustic wave technology and compared with IFMA and ELISA antibody assays. Participants were categorized into 3 groups: periodontal health (59), gingivitis (63), and periodontitis (67). A sub‐population of participants (n = 20) with periodontitis received periodontal treatment and were monitored for 6 months. Results All the assays demonstrated significantly higher salivary MMP‐8 concentrations in participants with periodontitis versus gingivitis, periodontitis versus health, and gingivitis versus health (all p < .05). The biosensor data demonstrated significant correlations with IFMA (r = .354, p < .001) and ELISA (r = .681, p < .001). Significant reductions in salivary MMP‐8 concentrations were detected by the biosensor (p = .030) and IFMA (p = .002) in participants with periodontitis 6 months after non‐surgical periodontal treatment. IFMA had the best sensitivity (89.2%) for detecting periodontitis and gingivitis versus health and 96.6% for detecting periodontitis versus health and gingivitis. The biosensor had an AUC value of 0.81 and diagnostic accuracy of 74.2% for differentiating periodontitis and gingivitis from health; an AUC value of 0.86 and diagnostic accuracy of 82.8% for periodontitis versus health and gingivitis. Conclusions The biosensor, IFMA, and ELISA assays differentiated between periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis based on salivary MMP‐8 levels. Only the biosensor and, particularly, IFMA identified an effect of periodontal treatment in the participants with periodontitis. Our findings support the potential utility of salivary oral fluid aMMP‐8‐based point‐of‐care technology in the future of periodontal diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde Adesola Umeizudike
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Lähteenmäki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ismo T Räisänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - John J Taylor
- School of Dental Sciences and Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Susan M Bissett
- School of Dental Sciences and Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Solomon O Nwhator
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Pirjo Pärnänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Gul SS, Zardawi FM, Abdulkareem AA, Shaikh MS, Al-Rawi NH, Zafar MS. Efficacy of MMP-8 Level in Gingival Crevicular Fluid to Predict the Outcome of Nonsurgical Periodontal Treatment: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19053131. [PMID: 35270821 PMCID: PMC8910039 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19053131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To explore whether baseline matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 level in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) (exposure) can predict the outcome (reduction in probing pocket depth (PPD) (outcome)) of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) (manual or ultrasonic or both) in patients with periodontitis (population/problem) after 3 months. Methods: Six databases (PubMed, Cochrane library, ProQuest, Ovid, Scopus, EBSCO) were searched for relevant articles published until 30 July 2021. Retrieved articles were passed through a three-phase filtration process on the basis of the eligibility criteria. The primary outcome was the change in PPD after 3 months. Quality of the selected articles was assessed using Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (RoB2) and Risk of Bias In Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tools. Results: From 1306 articles, five were selected for analysis. The results showed high variations in the level of GCF MMP-8 level at baseline. The average amount of reduction in PPD was 1.20 and 2.30 mm for pockets with initial depth of 4−6 mm and >6 mm, respectively. Conclusion: On the basis of available evidence, it was not possible to reach a consensus on the ability of baseline GCF MMP-8 to forecast the outcome of NSPT. This could have been due to variation in clinical and laboratory techniques used. However, consistency in mean PPD reduction after 3 months was shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarhang Sarwat Gul
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Iraq;
- Correspondence:
| | - Faraedon Mostafa Zardawi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Iraq;
| | - Ali Abbas Abdulkareem
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10011, Iraq;
| | - Muhammad Saad Shaikh
- Department of Oral Biology, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi 75510, Pakistan;
| | - Natheer Hashim Al-Rawi
- Department of Oral & Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madina, Al Munawwarra 41311, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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18
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Uchida H, Ovitt CE. Novel impacts of saliva with regard to oral health. J Prosthet Dent 2022; 127:383-391. [PMID: 34140141 PMCID: PMC8669010 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of balanced oral homeostasis depends on saliva. A readily available and molecularly rich source of biological fluid, saliva fulfills many functions in the oral cavity, including lubrication, pH buffering, and tooth mineralization. Saliva composition and flow can be modulated by different factors, including circadian rhythm, diet, age, drugs, and disease. Recent events have revealed that saliva plays a central role in the dissemination and detection of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. A working knowledge of saliva function and physiology is essential for dental health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Uchida
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Catherine E. Ovitt
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
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19
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de Brouwer P, Bikker FJ, Brand HS, Kaman WE. Is TIMP-1 a biomarker for periodontal disease? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Periodontal Res 2021; 57:235-245. [PMID: 34850390 PMCID: PMC9299605 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective One of the most important families of proteases associated with periodontal disease is the family of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Their activity is regulated by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and an imbalance between MMP activity and regulation by TIMPs has been associated with the progression of periodontal disease. This strong interaction between TIMPs and MMPs might be an indication that TIMPs can be used as a biomarker to monitor periodontal disease progression in oral fluids. In particular, TIMP‐1 is a frequently studied biomarker for periodontal diseases. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the scientific literature regarding TIMP‐1 concentrations in oral fluids of patients suffering from periodontitis or gingivitis in comparison to healthy individuals. Material and Methods PubMed/ MedLine and Web of Science databases were searched electronically. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were systematically evaluated and assessed for eligibility and risk of bias. Meta‐analysis was performed through the random effects model to assess the association between periodontitis/gingivitis and TIMP‐1 concentration in stimulated saliva, unstimulated saliva, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Results The search strategy provided a total of 322 studies of which 10 studies met all inclusion criteria. Two studies investigated TIMP‐1 concentrations in GCF, three studies in unstimulated saliva, and five studies investigated TIMP‐1 concentrations in stimulated saliva. Three studies revealed that TIMP‐1 levels in oral fluids were significantly decreased in periodontal disease. Meta‐analysis revealed that there is no statistically significant difference between TIMP‐1 concentration in oral fluids of periodontitis/gingivitis patients in comparison to healthy individuals. Conclusions This systematic review with meta‐analysis shows that periodontal diseases are not associated with a statistically significant change in TIMP‐1 concentration in oral fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puk de Brouwer
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan, Netherlands
| | - Floris J Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan, Netherlands
| | - Henk S Brand
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan, Netherlands
| | - Wendy E Kaman
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan, Netherlands
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20
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Koidou VP, Hagi-Pavli E, Cross S, Nibali L, Donos N. Molecular profiling of intrabony defects' gingival crevicular fluid. J Periodontal Res 2021; 57:152-161. [PMID: 34788472 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To profile, for the first time, the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of intrabony defects against a wide array of inflammatory and regenerative markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-one patients contributed one intrabony defect and one periodontally healthy site. Clinical and radiographic measures were obtained. GCF samples were analyzed with multiplex bead immunoassays over 27 markers previously identified by our group. Comparisons were performed using Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks tests, using a Bonferroni corrected α = 0.05/27 = 0.0019. RESULTS Intrabony defect sites presented significantly increased GCF volume and disease-associated clinical and radiographic characteristics (p < .05). Intrabony defect sites presented significantly increased IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, and MMP-8 levels compared with periodontally healthy sites (p < .0019). For regeneration markers, significantly higher FGF basic and VEGF levels were observed (p < .0019). Notably, traits of cell senescence were identified for the first time in the GCF. CONCLUSIONS The differentiation of intrabony defects from periodontally healthy control sites can be based on clinical and radiographic measures and on a differentiated GCF profile that is site-specific. Alongside catabolic processes, through significant up-regulation of inflammation and connective tissue remodeling, unique molecular characteristics of intrabony defects may render them a microenvironment amenable to regeneration. Traits of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype may suggest the existence of senescent cells during periodontal inflammation in intrabony defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki P Koidou
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Queen Mary University of London Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.,Centre for Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Eleni Hagi-Pavli
- Centre for Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Samantha Cross
- Centre for Clinical Trials and Methodology, Queen Mary University of London Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Luigi Nibali
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Queen Mary University of London Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.,Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nikolaos Donos
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Queen Mary University of London Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.,Centre for Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
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21
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Nędzi-Góra M, Górska R, Górski B. The utility of gingival crevicular fluid matrix metalloproteinase-8 provides site-specific diagnostic value for periodontal grading. Cent Eur J Immunol 2021; 46:236-243. [PMID: 34764793 PMCID: PMC8568025 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2021.107031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), and its active form aMMP-8, was identified as a potential biomarker of periodontal tissue destruction. It is present at different concentrations in various oral fluids. MATERIAL AND METHODS Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected from periodontal pockets ≥ 6 mm of 24 untreated patients using paper points and clinical parameters were recorded. 12 subjects were diagnosed with periodontitis stage III grade B, and 12 others with periodontitis stage III grade C. After thorough preparations, samples were collected following manufacturers' instructions and analyzed using a commercially available test system for aMMP-8 evaluation (aMMP-8 Test) and Periotron 8000 together with Quantikine kits for assessment of total MMP-8 concentration (controls). Microbiological evaluation of the same pockets was carried out using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Concentrations of both total MMP-8 and aMMP-8 in GCF were higher in the case of periodontitis grade C, compared to periodontitis grade B, but reached statistical significance only in the case of total MMP-8 (77.17 ng/ml and 18.73 ng/ml respectively; p = 0.0104). Positive correlations were found between total MMP-8 and aMMP-8 levels and the prevalence of Fusobacterium nucleatum, mean probing pocket depth of all pockets, % of pockets ≥ 6 mm, as well as probing pocket depth of pocket from which GCF samples were collected. CONCLUSIONS GCF concentration levels of both total MMP-8 and aMMP-8 correlated with severity of periodontal destruction, whereas total MMP-8 appeared to be a preferable method for differentiation of periodontal grading. However, the aMMP-8 Test was easier and more convenient to handle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renata Górska
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Górski
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- The Chair and Department of Periodontology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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22
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Vieceli PS, Juiz PJL, Lauria PSS, Couto RD, Tomassini TCB, Ribeiro IM, Soares MBP, Villarreal CF. Physalis angulata reduces the progression of chronic experimental periodontitis by immunomodulatory mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 273:113986. [PMID: 33675915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Physalis angulata is an herb found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world; it is widely applied in popular medicine due to the therapeutic properties of the whole plant and its parts. Extracts and infusions of this plant have been extensively applied in folk medicine worldwide to treat inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases, including oral inflammatory conditions such as sore throat and gingivitis. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects of the ethanolic extract of P. angulata (EEPA) in a murine model of chronic periodontitis, aiming to corroborate its traditional use as an anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agent, and to point out possible mechanisms involved in these effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS EEPA was obtained from the stems of P. angulata collected in Belém (PA, Brazil). Chronic periodontitis was induced in male C57BL/6 mice by 12 administrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 20 μg/1μL) into the gingival papilla in the course of 28 days. Starting from the 15th day after the first LPS injection, mice were daily treated with EEPA (50 or 100 mg/kg), nimesulide (25 mg/kg, reference drug), or vehicle by oral route for 14 days. At the end of the experimental period, alveolar bone loss was evaluated along with the gingival expression of biomarkers of periodontitis and cytokines by RT-q-PCR and ELISA. Hematological and biochemical parameters suggestive of systemic toxicity were also evaluated. The transcriptional activity of NF-κB was investigated using the luciferase assay in macrophages. RESULTS Mice with chronic experimental periodontitis suffered alveolar bone loss that was prevented by the treatment with EEPA (50 or 100 mg/kg) or nimesulide (25 mg/kg). EEPA (50 and 100 mg/kg) and nimesulide (25 mg/kg) reduced mRNA levels of MMP-9 mRNA, but not of TIMP-1 in gingival tissue of periodontitis-induced mice. Both treatments also reduced the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6. The treatment with EEPA (100 mg/kg) increased the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β. No hematological or biochemical alterations were caused by the daily treatment with EEPA. In vitro luciferase assay suggested that a putative mechanism of EEPA is reducing the transcriptional activity of NF-κB. CONCLUSIONS EEPA exhibited a disease-modifying effect in the chronic experimental periodontitis, along with unidentifiable systemic toxicity. This work corroborates the traditional use of P. angulata in oral inflammatory conditions and provides mechanistic hypotheses to explain its therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cristiane Flora Villarreal
- College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
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23
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Deng K, Pelekos G, Jin L, Tonetti MS. Diagnostic accuracy of a point-of-care aMMP-8 test in the discrimination of periodontal health and disease. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 48:1051-1065. [PMID: 33998040 PMCID: PMC8362205 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim To assess the diagnostic utility of an oral rinse active matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (aMMP‐8) point‐of‐care test (POCT) for differentiating periodontal health, gingivitis, as well as different stages and grades of periodontitis. Materials & Methods The aMMP‐8 index test was undertaken in 408 consecutive adults, followed by a full‐mouth periodontal examination. The reference standard was the 2017 World Workshop classification of periodontal diseases. Sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) were assessed. Results 68.6% of the participants were diagnosed with periodontitis, including Stages I (15.9%), II (15.9%), III (29.7%) and IV (7.1%). A positive aMMP‐8 POCT was associated with periodontitis after adjusting for age, gender, tobacco smoking and systemic diseases, while it was unable to differentiate among the stages/grades of periodontitis and between gingivitis/periodontal health. This test showed a sensitivity of 33.2% and a specificity of 93.0% for detecting periodontitis (threshold level >10 ng/ml). The levels of aMMP‐8 adjusted by the number of teeth present (aMMP‐8/NTP) performed better for periodontitis (sensitivity: 67.1%; specificity: 68.8%). Notably, aMMP‐8/NTP were strongly predictive for Stage IV periodontitis (threshold level =0.4312 ng/ml) (sensitivity: 89.7%; specificity: 73.6%; and AUROC: 0.856). The test performance greatly improved in combination with age and smoking, with a sensitivity of 82.5%, a specificity of 84.4%, and an AUROC of 0.883. Conclusion This aMMP‐8 POCT is able to detect periodontitis with better specificity than sensitivity across the spectrum of its severity. This test may be useful for periodontal screening in conjunction with subject characteristics and/or other sensitive screening tools. Further validation studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Deng
- Division of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology; National Center of Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases; Shanghai key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - George Pelekos
- Division of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lijian Jin
- Division of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Maurizio S Tonetti
- Division of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology; National Center of Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases; Shanghai key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,European Research Group on Periodontology, Genova, Italy
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24
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Zhang Y, Kang N, Xue F, Qiao J, Duan J, Chen F, Cai Y. Evaluation of salivary biomarkers for the diagnosis of periodontitis. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:266. [PMID: 34001101 PMCID: PMC8130171 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01600-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Salivary interleukin (IL)-1β, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, pyridinoline cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) are related to periodontitis. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic potential of these biomarkers and to build a prediction panel for diagnosing periodontal disease. Methods A total of 80 participants were enrolled in a cross-sectional study and divided into healthy (n = 25), gingivitis (n = 24), and periodontitis (n = 31) groups based on their periodontal exam results. A full mouth periodontal examination was performed and unstimulated saliva was collected. Salivary IL-1β, MMP-8, ICTP, and Pg were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative real time PCR (qPCR). Their potentials for diagnosing periodontal disease were analyzed and combined prediction panels of periodontal disease were evaluated. Results As a single marker, IL-1β showed the best diagnostic value of the four markers evaluated and exhibited an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.88 with 90% sensitivity and 76% specificity for discriminating periodontitis subjects from healthy subjects, an AUC value of 0.80 with 83% sensitivity and 76% specificity for discriminating gingivitis subjects from healthy subjects and an AUC value of 0.66 with 68% sensitivity and 64% specificity for differentiating periodontitis subjects from gingivitis subjects. The combination of IL-1β, ICTP, and Pg exhibited the highest efficacy for discriminating periodontitis subjects from healthy subjects (AUC = 0.94) and gingivitis subjects (AUC = 0.77). The combination of IL-1β and MMP-8 exhibited the best ability to discriminate gingivitis from healthy subjects (AUC = 0.84). Conclusions Salivary IL-1β, MMP-8, ICTP, and Pg showed significant effectiveness for diagnosing periodontal disease. The combination of IL-1β, ICTP, and Pg can be used to discriminate periodontitis subjects from healthy subjects and gingivitis subjects, and the combination of IL-1β and MMP-8 can be used to discriminate gingivitis subjects from healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Kang
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, No.22 South Avenue Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.,Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xue
- Department of First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Qiao
- Department of First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyu Duan
- Department of First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of Stomatology, People's Hospital of Peking University, No.11 Beijing Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Cai
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, No.22 South Avenue Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China. .,Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Arvikar SL, Hasturk H, Strle K, Stephens D, Bolster MB, Collier DS, Kantarci A, Steere AC. Periodontal inflammation and distinct inflammatory profiles in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) compared with serum and joints in rheumatoid arthritis patients. J Periodontol 2021; 92:1379-1391. [PMID: 33611834 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of periodontitis and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is incompletely understood. To gain further insights, we evaluated periodontal status, oral, serum and joint inflammatory profiles, and Pg biomarkers in RA patients. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated 33 patients with predominantly untreated new-onset RA, 20 healthy individuals (HIs), and 20 non-RA chronic periodontitis patients. Thirteen mediators (IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-6, IL-8, CXCL10, TNF-α, CXCL13, IL-23, MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9) were measured in serum, synovial fluid, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) by multiplex immunoassay. Serum Pg IgG antibodies and subgingival Pg DNA were determined. RESULTS Most RA patients (91%) received routine dental care; only one currently smoked. Ten (30.3%) had periodontal health, 13 (39.4%) had gingivitis, and 10 (30.3%) had periodontitis. Th1 and innate immune responses predominated in serum. Many mediators were concentrated in joints, particularly IL-6, IL-8, and CXCL10. However, salivary and GCF profiles were more restricted, emphasizing neutrophilic inflammation (IL-8, MMP-8) and MMP-9. Compared with HI, most RA patients, regardless of periodontal status, had significantly elevated oral fluid levels of these mediators, with suppression of GCF IL-10, a pattern similar to non-RA periodontitis patients. Pg antibodies or DNA however were primarily associated with clinical periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS Despite routine dental care, RA patients often had inflammation in oral fluids, but inflammatory profiles differed from serum and joints. Neutrophilic inflammatory profiles in oral fluids, regardless of periodontal status, suggests that gingival tissues are a common, and often unrecognized, site of extra-articular inflammation in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila L Arvikar
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hatice Hasturk
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Klemen Strle
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Danielle Stephens
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Marcy B Bolster
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deborah S Collier
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Allen C Steere
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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26
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Salivary Metalloproteinase-8 and Metalloproteinase-9 Evaluation in Patients Undergoing Fixed Orthodontic Treatment before and after Periodontal Therapy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041583. [PMID: 33567492 PMCID: PMC7915089 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) are members of a family of proteases of major importance during orthodontic tooth movement. Their levels increase during orthodontic therapy and in periodontally affected tissues. Orthodontic fixed appliances retain dental plaque and can cause gingival inflammation. When gingival inflammation is present, the forces produced during orthodontic tooth movement can aggravate tissue reaction and cause the destruction of supportive periodontal tissue. This study aimed to identify biomarkers that facilitate the assessment of periodontal status during orthodontic treatment. (2) Methods: Our study was conducted on 111 patients who were about to receive fixed orthodontic treatment. We determined the salivary levels of MMP-8 and MMP-9 and bleeding on probing (BOP) before applying the orthodontic fixed appliance (T1), one week after appliance placement (T2), and during orthodontic treatment, one month after non-surgical periodontal treatment (T3). (3) Results: Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment show a significant increase in BOP, MMP-8, and MMP-9 levels one week after orthodontic appliance placement (T2) and a decrease in these parameters one month after periodontal treatment (T3). Statistically significant correlations were found between MMP-8 levels and BOP values at T1, T2, and T3. (4) Conclusion: In our study patients undergoing orthodontic treatment show a significant increase in BOP, MMP-8, and MMP-9 levels one week after orthodontic appliance placement and a decrease in these parameters one month after periodontal treatment. Strong positive statistically significant correlations were found between MMP-8 levels and BOP and medium positive statistically significant correlations between MMP-9 and BOP values before and after orthodontic treatment and periodontal treatment. MMP-8, MMP-9, and BOP could be used to assess the periodontal status of orthodontic patients.
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27
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Räisänen IT, Sorsa T, Tervahartiala T, Raivisto T, Heikkinen AM. Low association between bleeding on probing propensity and the salivary aMMP-8 levels in adolescents with gingivitis and stage I periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2020; 56:289-297. [PMID: 33305834 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Bleeding on probing (BOP) is a widely accepted measure used in periodontal diagnostics. Previous studies suggest that several factors can affect BOP propensity. The aim of this study was to investigate the relative impact of different local and modifying factors on BOP levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS The oral health of five hundred and forty-four adolescents (two birth cohorts) aged 15-17 years living in Kotka, Finland, was examined including periodontal probing depth, visible plaque index, root calculus, and BOP. Whole saliva samples were collected and measured for active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) by time-resolved immunofluorometric assay (IFMA). RESULTS Bacterial plaque/calculus accumulation (oral hygiene) had a major influence on BOP levels. The relative impact was several times greater compared with the extent of periodontal pocketing, aMMP-8 levels, smoking, toothbrushing, or gender. Furthermore, BOP levels were significantly elevated among adolescents with poor oral hygiene than good oral hygiene even if adjusted for the extent of periodontal pocketing (P < .001). BOP levels could be low even if several ≥ 4 mm deep periodontal pockets existed. The difference in the extent of periodontal pocketing was not significant between the two birth cohorts of adolescents (P = .731). CONCLUSIONS BOP levels can be regarded as an important indicator of the extent of bacterial challenge and its adverse effects on the gingival inflammation. However, the level of oral hygiene may mask the association between the extent of gingival bleeding and the severity of the periodontal inflammatory condition. Thus, relying on BOP levels (below 10% or 20%) may provide insufficient information about the periodontal treatment need of an adolescent depending on his/her level of oral hygiene. Yet, more research is needed to confirm the results, also in adult populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismo T Räisänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teija Raivisto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Maria Heikkinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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28
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Hernández M, Baeza M, Contreras J, Sorsa T, Tervahartiala T, Valdés M, Chaparro A, Hernández-Ríos P. MMP-8, TRAP-5, and OPG Levels in GCF Diagnostic Potential to Discriminate between Healthy Patients', Mild and Severe Periodontitis Sites. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111500. [PMID: 33143325 PMCID: PMC7692260 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers represent promising aids in periodontitis, host-mediate diseases of the tooth-supporting tissues. We assessed the diagnostic potential of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5 (TRAP-5), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) to discriminate between healthy patients’, mild and severe periodontitis sites. Thirty-one otherwise healthy volunteers with and without periodontal disease were enrolled at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile. Periodontal parameters were examined and gingival crevicular fluid was sampled from mild periodontitis sites (M; n = 42), severe periodontitis sites (S; n = 59), and healthy volunteer sites (H; n = 30). TRAP-5 and OPG were determined by commercial multiplex assay and MMP-8 by the immunofluorometric (IFMA) method. STATA software was used. All biomarkers showed a good discrimination performance. MMP-8 had the overall best performance in regression models and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, with high discrimination of healthy from periodontitis sites (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.901). OPG showed a very high diagnostic precision (AUC ≥ 0.95) to identify severe periodontitis sites (S versus H + M), while TRAP-5 identified both healthy and severe sites. As conclusions, MMP-8, TRAP-5, and OPG present a high precision potential in the identification of periodontal disease destruction, with MMP-8 as the most accurate diagnostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Hernández
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile;
- Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile
| | - Mauricio Baeza
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile; (M.B.); (J.C.)
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 7510040, Chile;
| | - Johanna Contreras
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile; (M.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University and University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (T.S.); (T.T.)
- Department of Oral Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University and University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (T.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Macarena Valdés
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 7510040, Chile;
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research, CR2, University of Chile, Santiago 7510040, Chile
| | - Alejandra Chaparro
- Department of Periodontology, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CIIB), Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile;
| | - Patricia Hernández-Ríos
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile; (M.B.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-229781839
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Gul SS, Abdulkareem AA, Sha AM, Rawlinson A. Diagnostic Accuracy of Oral Fluids Biomarker Profile to Determine the Current and Future Status of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10100838. [PMID: 33081038 PMCID: PMC7603129 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10100838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe periodontitis is ranked as the sixth most prevalent disease affecting humankind, with an estimated 740 million people affected worldwide. The diagnosis of periodontal diseases mainly relies upon assessment of conventional clinical parameters. However, these parameters reflect past, rather than current, clinical status or future disease progression and, likely, outcome of periodontal treatment. Specific and sensitive biomarkers for periodontal diseases have been examined widely to address these issues and some biomarkers have been translated as point-of-care (PoC) tests. The aim of this review was to provide an update on PoC tests for use in the diagnosis and management of periodontal diseases. Among the PoC tests developed so far, active matrix metalloproteinase-8 has shown promising results in terms of diagnostic and prognostic values. However, further studies are required to increase the sensitivity and specificity via combining more than one biomarker and merging these test kits with periodontal risk assessment tools. Furthermore, the validity of these test kits needs to be investigated by applying the results in further independent studies and the impact on these test kits’, together with the results of risk factors for periodontal diseases, such as diabetes and smoking, also needs to be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarhang S. Gul
- College of Dentistry, Periodontics Department, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah 1124–30, Iraq;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +964-7701-447-723
| | - Ali A. Abdulkareem
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10011, Iraq;
| | - Aram M. Sha
- College of Dentistry, Periodontics Department, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah 1124–30, Iraq;
| | - Andrew Rawlinson
- Academic Unit of Restorative Dentistry, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK;
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30
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Diagnostic Models for Screening of Periodontitis with Inflammatory Mediators and Microbial Profiles in Saliva. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10100820. [PMID: 33066545 PMCID: PMC7602207 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10100820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate and assess salivary biomarkers and microbial profiles as a means of diagnosing periodontitis. A total of 121 subjects were included: 28 periodontally healthy subjects, 24 with Stage I periodontitis, 24 with Stage II, 23 with Stage III, and 22 with Stage IV. Salivary proteins (including active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), pro-MMP-8, total MMP-8, C-reactive protein, secretory immunoglobulin A) and planktonic bacteria (including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas nigrescens, Parvimonas micra, Campylobacter rectus, Eubacterium nodatum, Eikenella corrodens, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Actinomyces viscosus) were measured from salivary samples. The performance of the diagnostic models was assessed by receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) and area under the ROC curve (AUC) analysis. The diagnostic models were constructed based on the subjects’ proteins and/or microbial profiles, resulting in two potential diagnosis models that achieved better diagnostic powers, with an AUC value > 0.750 for the diagnosis of Stages II, III, and IV periodontitis (Model PA-I; AUC: 0.796, sensitivity: 0.754, specificity: 0.712) and for the diagnosis of Stages III and IV periodontitis (Model PA-II; AUC: 0.796, sensitivity: 0.756, specificity: 0.868). This study can contribute to screening for periodontitis based on salivary biomarkers.
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31
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Chaparro A, Realini O, Hernández M, Albers D, Weber L, Ramírez V, Param F, Kusanovic JP, Sorsa T, Rice GE, Illanes SE. Early pregnancy levels of gingival crevicular fluid matrix metalloproteinases-8 and -9 are associated with the severity of periodontitis and the development of gestational diabetes mellitus. J Periodontol 2020; 92:205-215. [PMID: 32789908 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing worldwide and women with a history of GDM are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes which is a risk factor for periodontitis. The aim of this study was to explore the association between the concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 and -9 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during early pregnancy with the periodontal diagnosis and the risk of GDM development. METHODS A prospective cohort study, including 314 women, enrolled at 11 to 14 weeks of pregnancy was conducted. A complete maternal/obstetric and periodontal exam was performed, and GCF samples were obtained for the MMP-8 and -9 determination by Multiplex Elisa Assays. Mann-Whitney test; Spearman's correlation and log-binomial regression model estimated the association between MMPs concentration in GCF and GDM. RESULTS Fourteen percent of the pregnancies were diagnosed with GDM. An increase in the concentration of MMP-8 and -9 in women with periodontitis stage III and IV compared to periodontitis stage I was observed (99.31 ng/mL [IQR: 85.32] versus 71.95 ng/mL [IQR: 54.04], and 262.4 ng/mL [IQR: 312.55] versus 114.1 ng/mL [IQR: 184.94], respectively). Women who developed GDM showed increased concentrations of MMP-8 and -9 in GCF since the beginning of pregnancy (P = 0.0381; P = 0.0302, respectively). MMP-8 concentration in GCF was associated with GDM (RR: 1.19; P = 0.045; CI 95% 1.00 to 1.40; and RR: 1.20; P = 0.063; CI 95% 0.99 to 1.45 in the adjusted model). CONCLUSION(S) GCF concentrations of MMP-8 and -9 at early of pregnancy are increased in women with severe periodontitis and associated with the GDM development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Chaparro
- Department of Periodontology, Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ornella Realini
- Department of Periodontology, Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Hernández
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Albers
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Laura Weber
- Department of Periodontology, Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valeria Ramírez
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernanda Param
- Department of Periodontology, Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pedro Kusanovic
- Center for Research and Innovation in Maternal-Fetal Medicine (CIMAF), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sótero del Río Hospital, Santiago, Chile
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Gregory Edward Rice
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián E Illanes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
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Mulkern D, Hewitt A, Parker H, Batt J, Yonel Z, Grant MM. Predicted salivary human protease activity in experimental gingivitis revealed by endoProteo-FASP approach. Eur J Oral Sci 2020; 128:386-394. [PMID: 32794587 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gingivitis is a highly prevalent oral condition that can be studied in humans via the 21-d experimental gingivitis model, which allows for investigations into the induction and resolution of gingivitis. In this study, we used the autolysis of saliva as a source of peptides to predict the activity of human proteases in saliva during induction and resolution of inflammation. Healthy volunteers, with no remarkable oral or systemic conditions, were recruited into the study and stimulated saliva samples were collected at days 0, 21, and 35 of experimental gingivitis. Plaque and gingival indices were recorded to ensure clinical induction and resolution. Saliva was auto-digested at 37°C for 18 h before identification of peptides by mass spectrometry. Protease prediction was carried out using Proteasix in silico with the identified peptides. A comparison of day 0 to days 21 and 35 showed changes in predicted protease activity. Correlation network analysis revealed that at day 21 the proteases became less connected and showed a potential for a dysregulated system; by day 35 the connectivity was returning towards similar conditions at day 0. This study demonstrates that changes in predicted proteases are apparent even in saliva collected from donors experiencing inflammation around three teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Mulkern
- Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Amy Hewitt
- Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hadyn Parker
- Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Joanna Batt
- Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zehra Yonel
- Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Melissa M Grant
- Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Keles Yucel ZP, Afacan B, Emingil G, Tervahartiala T, Kose T, Sorsa T. Local and systemic levels of aMMP‐8 in gingivitis and stage 3 grade C periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2020; 55:887-894. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Beral Afacan
- Department of Periodontology School of Dentistry Aydın Adnan Menderes University Aydin Turkey
| | - Gulnur Emingil
- Department of Periodontology School of Dentistry Ege University Izmir Turkey
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Helsinki University Hospital University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Timur Kose
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics School of Medicine Ege University Izmir Turkey
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Helsinki University Hospital University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Department of Oral Diseases Karolinska Institute Huddinge Sweden
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Hong I, Pae HC, Song YW, Cha JK, Lee JS, Paik JW, Choi SH. Oral Fluid Biomarkers for Diagnosing Gingivitis in Human: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061720. [PMID: 32503210 PMCID: PMC7356847 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnoses based on oral fluid biomarkers have been introduced to overcome limitations of periodontal probe-based diagnoses. Diagnostic ability of certain biomarkers for periodontitis have been identified and widely studied, however, such studies targeting gingivitis is scarce. The aims of this study were to determine and compare the efficacies and accuracies of eight biomarkers in diagnosing gingivitis with the aid of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI) were examined in 100 participants. Gingival crevicular fluid was collected using paper points, and whole-saliva samples were collected using cotton roll. Samples were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits for the different biomarkers. The levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, MMP-9, lactoferrin, cystatin C, myeloperoxidase (MPO), platelet-activating factor, cathepsin B, and pyridinoline cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen were analyzed. MPO and MMP-8 levels in saliva were strongly correlated with gingivitis, with Pearson’s correlation coefficients of 0.399 and 0.217, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) was largest for MMP-8, at 0.814, followed by values of 0.793 and 0.777 for MPO and MMP-9, respectively. The clinical parameters of GI and PI showed strong correlations and large AUC values, whereas PD and CAL did not. MMP-8 and MPO were found to be effective for diagnosing gingivitis. Further investigations based on the results of this study may identify clinically useful biomarkers for the accurate and early detection of gingivitis.
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Schon J, Chahla J, Paudel S, Manandhar L, Feltham T, Huard J, Philippon M, Zhang Z. Expression profile of matrix metalloproteinases in the labrum of femoroacetabular impingement. Bone Joint Res 2020; 9:173-181. [PMID: 32431808 PMCID: PMC7229337 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.94.bjr-2019-0083.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a potential cause of hip osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression profile of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the labral tissue with FAI pathology. Methods In this study, labral tissues were collected from four FAI patients arthroscopically and from three normal hips of deceased donors. Proteins extracted from the FAI and normal labrums were separately applied for MMP array to screen the expression of seven MMPs and three tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). The expression of individual MMPs and TIMPs was quantified by densitometry and compared between the FAI and normal labral groups. The expression of selected MMPs and TIMPs was validated and localized in the labrum with immunohistochemistry. Results On MMP arrays, most of the targeted MMPs and TIMPs were detected in the FAI and normal labral proteins. After data normalization, in comparison with the normal labral proteins, expression of MMP-1 and MMP-2 in the FAI group was increased and expression of TIMP-1 reduced. The histology of the FAI labrum showed disorderly cell distribution and altered composition of thick and thin collagen fibres. The labral cells expressing MMP-1 and MMP-2 were localized and their percentages were increased in the FAI labrum. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that the percentage of TIMP-1 positive cells was reduced in the FAI labrum. Conclusion This study established an expression profile of MMPs and TIMPs in the FAI labrum. The increased expression of MMP-1 and MMP-2 and reduced expression of TIMP-1 in the FAI labrum are indicative of a pathogenic role of FAI in hip OA development. Cite this article:Bone Joint Res. 2020;9(4):173–181.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Schon
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA; Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jorge Chahla
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA; Assistant Professor, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sharada Paudel
- MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Tyler Feltham
- MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA; The Steadman Clinic, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Marc Philippon
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA; The Steadman Clinic, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Zijun Zhang
- MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Director, Orthopaedic Innovation Center, Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Buzalaf MAR, Ortiz ADC, Carvalho TS, Fideles SOM, Araújo TT, Moraes SM, Buzalaf NR, Reis FN. Saliva as a diagnostic tool for dental caries, periodontal disease and cancer: is there a need for more biomarkers? Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 20:543-555. [PMID: 32223655 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1743686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: A biomarker is a biological indicator of normal or pathogenic processes. Identification of biomarkers is useful for the prevention, diagnosis and prognosis of diseases as well as for monitoring the progression of pathological disorders. Several types of molecules present in biological fluids can act as biomarkers such as DNA, coding and non-coding RNA, lipids, metabolites, proteins and even microbes. In this context, saliva emerges as a useful diagnostic tool for the detection of biomarkers involved with oral and systemic diseases, since it reflects the pathophysiological conditions of the organism and allows early, rapid, practical and noninvasive detection of biomarkers.Areas covered: This review discusses the properties of saliva as a diagnostic tool and addresses the main identified biomarkers related to dental caries, periodontal disease, head and neck cancer and other types of cancer of considerable incidence among the world population.Expert commentary: Despite extensive efforts which have been directed toward the identification of one or a combination of biomarkers with good predictive values for the early detection of dental caries, periodontal disease and cancer, these biomarkers still need validation before chairside point-of-care devices can be widely used in the clinic.
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Prahasanti C, Nugraha AP, Saskianti T, Suardita K, Riawan W, Ernawati DS. Exfoliated Human Deciduous Tooth Stem Cells Incorporating Carbonate Apatite Scaffold Enhance BMP-2, BMP-7 and Attenuate MMP-8 Expression During Initial Alveolar Bone Remodeling in Wistar Rats ( Rattus norvegicus). Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2020; 12:79-85. [PMID: 32273773 PMCID: PMC7102906 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s245678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Post-tooth extraction socket preservation is necessary due to alveolar bone resorptive patterns through regenerative dentistry approaches that involve the use of stem cells, scaffold and growth factor. Stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are known to potentially possess the osteogenic ability. Meanwhile, carbonate apatite scaffold (CAS) can act as a biocompatible scaffold capable of supporting mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to proliferate and differentiate optimally. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of bone morphogenic protein-2 and 7 (BMP2, BMP7) and Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) after the transplantation of SHED-incorporated CAS during in vivo bone remodeling. Material and Methods A total of 14 healthy, male, Wistar rats, whose mandible anterior teeth were extracted by means of sterile needle holder clamps, constituted the subjects of this study of alveolar bone defects. Two research groups were created: a control group (CAS) as group I and an experimental group (CAS + SHED) as group II. SHED with a density of 106 cells were incorporated into CAS before being transplanted into the experimental group. After 7 days, all the animals were sacrificed and their mandible anterior region extracted. The BMP2, BMP7 and MMP-8 expression were subsequently analyzed by means of immunostaining. An unpaired t-test was conducted to analyze the treatment and control group (p<0.01) data. Results The expression of BMP-2 and BMP-7 was higher in group II compared to group I. Meanwhile, the level of MMP-8 was lower in group II than group I. There was greater significant increased expression of BMP-2 and BMP-7 expression in Group II compared to Group I. There was significant decreased expression of MMP-8 between group II than group I (p<0.01). Conclusion SHED-incorporated CAS can enhance BMP-2 and BMP-7 expression while attenuating MMP-8 expression during in vivo alveolar bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiquita Prahasanti
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Alexander Patera Nugraha
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Tania Saskianti
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ketut Suardita
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Wibi Riawan
- Department of Biomolecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Diah Savitri Ernawati
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
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38
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Arias‐Bujanda N, Regueira‐Iglesias A, Balsa‐Castro C, Nibali L, Donos N, Tomás I. Accuracy of single molecular biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid for the diagnosis of periodontitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46:1166-1182. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Arias‐Bujanda
- Oral Sciences Research Group Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties School of Medicine and Dentistry Health Research Institute Foundation of Santiago (FIDIS) Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Alba Regueira‐Iglesias
- Oral Sciences Research Group Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties School of Medicine and Dentistry Health Research Institute Foundation of Santiago (FIDIS) Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Carlos Balsa‐Castro
- Oral Sciences Research Group Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties School of Medicine and Dentistry Health Research Institute Foundation of Santiago (FIDIS) Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Luigi Nibali
- Periodontology Unit Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences King’s College London London UK
| | - Nikos Donos
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine and Centre for Oral Clinical Research Queen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Inmaculada Tomás
- Oral Sciences Research Group Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties School of Medicine and Dentistry Health Research Institute Foundation of Santiago (FIDIS) Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain
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Taylor JJ, Jaedicke KM, van de Merwe RC, Bissett SM, Landsdowne N, Whall KM, Pickering K, Thornton V, Lawson V, Yatsuda H, Kogai T, Shah D, Athey D, Preshaw PM. A Prototype Antibody-based Biosensor for Measurement of Salivary MMP-8 in Periodontitis using Surface Acoustic Wave Technology. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11034. [PMID: 31363141 PMCID: PMC6667706 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47513-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an economically important disease which is highly prevalent worldwide. Current diagnostic approaches are time-consuming and require interpretation of multiple aspects of clinical and radiographic assessment. Chair-side monitoring of inflammatory mediators of periodontitis could provide immediate information about disease activity, which can inform patient management. We aimed to develop a novel prototype biosensor to measure salivary matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) using specific antibodies and surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology. The analytical performance of the prototype biosensor was compared to standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using unstimulated saliva samples obtained from patients with periodontitis before and after non-surgical treatment (N = 58), patients with gingivitis (N = 54) and periodontally healthy volunteers (N = 65). Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis for distinguishing periodontitis from health revealed an almost identical performance between the sensor and ELISA assays (area under curve values (AUC): ELISA 0.93; SAW 0.89). Furthermore, both analytical approaches yielded readouts which distinguished between heath, gingivitis and periodontitis, correlated identically with clinical measures of periodontal disease and recorded similar post-treatment decreases in salivary MMP-8 in periodontitis. The assay time for our prototype device is 20 minutes. The prototype SAW biosensor is a novel and rapid method of monitoring periodontitis which delivers similar analytical performance to conventional laboratory assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Taylor
- Centre for Oral Health Research & Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Katrin M Jaedicke
- Centre for Oral Health Research & Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rachel C van de Merwe
- Centre for Oral Health Research & Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Susan M Bissett
- Centre for Oral Health Research & Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nichola Landsdowne
- Centre for Oral Health Research & Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kerry M Whall
- Centre for Oral Health Research & Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kimberley Pickering
- Centre for Oral Health Research & Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Vivienne Thornton
- OJ-Bio, International Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Victoria Lawson
- OJ-Bio, International Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Hiromi Yatsuda
- OJ-Bio, International Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Takashi Kogai
- OJ-Bio, International Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Deepan Shah
- Orla Protein Technologies, International Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Dale Athey
- OJ-Bio, International Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Orla Protein Technologies, International Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Philip M Preshaw
- Centre for Oral Health Research & Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,National University Centre for Oral Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Mester A, Ciobanu L, Taulescu M, Apostu D, Lucaciu O, Filip GA, Feldrihan V, Licarete E, Ilea A, Piciu A, Oltean‐Dan D, Scurtu I, Berce C, Campian RS. Periodontal disease may induce liver fibrosis in an experimental study on Wistar rats. J Periodontol 2019; 90:911-919. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Mester
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Oral Health and Dental Office ManagementUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Lidia Ciobanu
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Marian Taulescu
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Dragos Apostu
- Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologyUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Ondine Lucaciu
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Oral Health and Dental Office ManagementUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Gabriela Adriana Filip
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Vasile Feldrihan
- Department of Allergology and ImmunologyUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Emilia Licarete
- Molecular Biology Centre, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio‐Nano‐SciencesBabes‐Bolyai University Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Aranka Ilea
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Oral Health and Dental Office ManagementUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Andra Piciu
- Department of Medical OncologyUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Daniel Oltean‐Dan
- Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologyUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Iuliu Scurtu
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Cristian Berce
- Animal FacilityUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Radu Septimiu Campian
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Oral Health and Dental Office ManagementUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj‐Napoca Romania
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Twetman S, Pedersen AML, Yucel-Lindberg T. Probiotic supplements containing Lactobacillus reuteri does not affect the levels of matrix metalloproteinases and interferons in oral wound healing. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:759. [PMID: 30359300 PMCID: PMC6203191 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3873-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The use of beneficial bacteria may stimulate wound healing. We performed a randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind cross-over study comprising ten healthy volunteers. The aim was to investigate the impact of topical and systemic applications of probiotic lactobacilli (Lactobacillus reuteri) on the healing of standardized wounds (punch biopsies) in the oral mucosa. The expression of selected matrix metalloproteinases (MMP'S) and interferons (IFN's) was analyzed with multiplex immunoassays in the wound exudate during the first healing week (day 2, 5 and 8). RESULTS All participants completed the study and in all cases, the healing after the punch biopsies was uneventful. The concentrations of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3 decreased with time in both the test- and control group. The MMP levels were consistently lower during the probiotic intervention when compared with placebo but the differences were not statistically significant. Likewise, the concentrations if IFN-alpha2, IFN-beta and IFN-gamma decreased with time with no significant differences between the test and placebo interventions. Within the limitations of this pilot study, we were unable to demonstrate an influence of probiotic supplements containing L. reuteri on the concentrations of selected matrix metalloproteinases and interferons from mucosal wounds within 1 week after a standardized punch biopsy. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03210779. Date of registration: July 7, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svante Twetman
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 20, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Anne Marie Lynge Pedersen
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 20, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Tulay Yucel-Lindberg
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 4064, 141 04, Huddinge, Sweden
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Al-Majid A, Alassiri S, Rathnayake N, Tervahartiala T, Gieselmann DR, Sorsa T. Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 as an Inflammatory and Prevention Biomarker in Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases. Int J Dent 2018; 2018:7891323. [PMID: 30305812 PMCID: PMC6165625 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7891323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Levels of and especially the degree of activation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-8) in oral fluids (i.e., saliva, mouth rinse, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and peri-implantitis sulcular fluid (PISF)) increase to pathologically elevated levels in the periodontal and peri-implant diseases. This study aimed at collecting and collating data from previously published studies and determining whether active MMP-8 (aMMP-8) could serve as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prevention of periodontal and peri-implant diseases. The literature search identified a total of 284 articles. Out of 284 articles, 61 articles were found to be relevant. Data obtained from the selected studies were combined, and it indicated that aMMP-8 in oral fluids exerts the strong potential to serve as a useful adjunctive diagnostic and preventive biotechnological tool in periodontal and peri-implant diseases. aMMP-8 can be used alone or in combination with other proinflammatory and/or microbiological biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al-Majid
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Saeed Alassiri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nilminie Rathnayake
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dirk-Rolf Gieselmann
- Institute of Molecular Diagnostics, Dentognostics GmbH, Solingen and Jena, Germany
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology, Stockholm, Sweden
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The Ability of Quantitative, Specific, and Sensitive Point-of-Care/Chair-Side Oral Fluid Immunotests for aMMP-8 to Detect Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:1306396. [PMID: 30154936 PMCID: PMC6098860 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1306396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of the disease-specific oral and systemic biomarkers in saliva and oral fluids (i.e., mouth rinse, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and peri-implantitis fluid (PISF)) is demanding. Several hosts and microbial factors may influence their expression, release, and levels. The type of saliva/oral fluids utilized for the diagnostics affects the analysis. High sensitivity and specificities together with sophisticated methods and techniques are essential for valuable outcome. We describe here recently developed practical, convenient, inexpensive, noninvasive, and quantitative mouth rinse and PISF/GCF/chair-side/point-of-care (PoC) lateral-flow aMMP-8 immunoassays (PerioSafe and ImplantSafe/ORALyser) to detect, predict, and monitor successfully the course, treatment, and prevention of periodontitis and peri-implantitis, respectively. The tests have been independently and successfully validated to differentiate periodontal and peri-implant health and disease in Finland, Germany, Netherland, Sweden, Turkey, Nigeria, Malawi, and USA. The clinical use of salivary/oral fluid biomarkers to identify oral and systemic conditions requires additional studies utilizing these noninvasive screening, diagnostic, and preventive aMMP-8 PoC/chair-side technologies.
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