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Lidbury J. Complications of Liver Disease. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2025:S0195-5616(25)00044-0. [PMID: 40379581 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2025.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2025]
Abstract
Hepatobiliary disease in dogs and cats can lead to various complications. Vomiting is a common clinical sign in liver disease, and antiemetic therapy should be considered on a case-by-case basis. Ascites is managed by feeding a moderate sodium diet, therapy with spironolactone, and judicious use of furosemide. Hepatic encephalopathy is managed by feeding an appropriate diet and treating with lactulose and possibly an antimicrobial. Because coagulant and anticoagulant factors are affected in patients with hepatic dysfunction, they may be in an altered but balanced hemostatic state. This balance is fragile and bleeding or thrombosis can occur if it is disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Lidbury
- Department of Veterinary Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, Buliding 1085, 408 Raymond Stotzer Parkway, College Station, TX, USA.
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2
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Roelen YS, Spee B, van Wolferen ME, Fieten H, den Boer ER. Serum miR-30b is increased in Labrador Retrievers with elevated hepatic copper levels. Vet J 2025; 311:106335. [PMID: 40054727 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2025] [Accepted: 03/04/2025] [Indexed: 03/15/2025]
Abstract
Copper-associated hepatitis is a hereditary disease in Labrador Retrievers with a complex genetic background. Currently, liver biopsies are needed for diagnosis and treatment monitoring. A serum-based biomarker for hepatic copper levels could provide a less invasive diagnostic approach. Circulating microRNAs are increasingly studied for their diagnostic potential in hepatobiliary disease and could be utilized in assessing hepatic copper levels. Currently, information on the potential use of copper specific microRNAs in dogs is lacking. The aim of this pilot study was to identify microRNAs associated with elevated hepatic copper levels in Labrador Retrievers. Client-owned Labrador Retrievers with normal (n = 15) and elevated hepatic copper levels (n = 21) were retrospectively selected from a patient database. We performed a microRNA screening array of 277 microRNAs in blood serum of Labrador Retrievers with normal (n = 5) and elevated hepatic copper levels (n = 5). MicroRNAs upregulated in Labrador Retrievers with elevated hepatic copper were subsequently analyzed with qPCR in a replication cohort of Labrador Retrievers with normal (n = 13) and elevated (n = 18) hepatic copper levels. Results showed that six out of the 277 serum microRNAs were significantly upregulated in dogs with elevated hepatic copper and these were analyzed in the replication cohort. After Bonferroni correction, cfa-miR-30b (fold-change 2.17, p-value .002) was significantly upregulated in the replication cohort. In this exploratory study, cfa-miR-30b is increased in Labrador Retrievers with elevated hepatic copper levels. This result justifies validation in a larger cohort of dogs with and without hepatic copper accumulation, including those with different forms of liver disease and other breeds affected by copper-associated hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Monique E van Wolferen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Hille Fieten
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
| | - Elise R den Boer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
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3
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Pacholec C, Flatland B, Xie H, Zimmerman K. Harnessing artificial intelligence for enhanced veterinary diagnostics: A look to quality assurance, Part I Model development. Vet Clin Pathol 2024. [PMID: 39638756 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 10/11/2024] [Accepted: 10/18/2024] [Indexed: 12/07/2024]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) has transformative potential in veterinary pathology in tasks ranging from cell enumeration and cancer detection to prognosis forecasting, virtual staining techniques, and individually tailored treatment plans. Preclinical testing and validation of AI systems (AIS) are critical to ensure diagnostic safety, efficacy, and dependability. In this two-part series, challenges such as the AI chasm (ie, the discrepancy between the AIS model performance in research settings and real-world applications) and ethical considerations (data privacy, algorithmic bias) are reviewed and underscore the importance of tailored quality assurance measures that address the nuances of AI in veterinary pathology. This review advocates for a multidisciplinary approach to AI development and implementation, focusing on image-based tasks, highlighting the necessity for collaboration across veterinarians, computer scientists, and ethicists to successfully navigate the complex landscape of using AI in veterinary medicine. It calls for a concerted effort to bridge the AI chasm by addressing technical, ethical, and regulatory challenges, facilitating AI integration into veterinary pathology. The future of veterinary pathology must balance harnessing AI's potential while intentionally mitigating its risks, ensuring the welfare of animals and the integrity of the veterinary profession are safeguarded. Part I of this review focuses on considerations for model development, and Part II focuses on external validation of AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Pacholec
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Bente Flatland
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hehuang Xie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Kurt Zimmerman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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4
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Khatoon S, Das N, Chattopadhyay S, Joharapurkar A, Singh A, Patel V, Nirwan A, Kumar A, Mugale MN, Mishra DP, Kumaravelu J, Guha R, Jain MR, Chattopadhyay N, Sanyal S. Apigenin-6-C-glucoside ameliorates MASLD in rodent models via selective agonism of adiponectin receptor 2. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 978:176800. [PMID: 38950835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Adiponectin plays key roles in energy metabolism and ameliorates inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction via its primary receptors, adiponectin receptors -1 and 2 (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2). Systemic depletion of adiponectin causes various metabolic disorders, including MASLD; however adiponectin supplementation is not yet achievable owing to its large size and oligomerization-associated complexities. Small-molecule AdipoR agonists, thus, may provide viable therapeutic options against metabolic disorders. Using a novel luciferase reporter-based assay here, we have identified Apigenin-6-C-glucoside (ACG), but not apigenin, as a specific agonist for the liver-rich AdipoR isoform, AdipoR2 (EC50: 384 pM) with >10000X preference over AdipoR1. Immunoblot analysis in HEK-293 overexpressing AdipoR2 or HepG2 and PLC/PRF/5 liver cell lines revealed rapid AMPK, p38 activation and induction of typical AdipoR targets PGC-1α and PPARα by ACG at a pharmacologically relevant concentration of 100 nM (reported cMax in mouse; 297 nM). ACG-mediated AdipoR2 activation culminated in a favorable modulation of key metabolic events, including decreased inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, de novo lipogenesis, and increased fatty acid β-oxidation as determined by immunoblotting, QRT-PCR and extracellular flux analysis. AdipoR2 depletion or AMPK/p38 inhibition dampened these effects. The in vitro results were recapitulated in two different murine models of MASLD, where ACG at 10 mg/kg body weight robustly reduced hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, proinflammatory macrophage numbers, and increased hepatic glycogen content. Together, using in vitro experiments and rodent models, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept for AdipoR2 as a therapeutic target for MASLD and provide novel chemicobiological insights for the generation of translation-worthy pharmacological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamima Khatoon
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Nabanita Das
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Sourav Chattopadhyay
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | | | - Abhinav Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Vishal Patel
- Zydus Research Center, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382213, Gujarat, India
| | - Abhishek Nirwan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Madhav Nilakanth Mugale
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Durga Prasad Mishra
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Jagavelu Kumaravelu
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Rajdeep Guha
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Laboratory Animal Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | | | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Sabyasachi Sanyal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Steinbach TJ, Tokarz DA, Co CA, Harris SF, McBride SJ, Shockley KR, Lokhande A, Srivastava G, Ugalmugle R, Kazi A, Singletary E, Cesta MF, Thomas HC, Chen VS, Hobbie K, Crabbs TA. Inter-Rater and Intra-Rater Agreement in Scoring Severity of Rodent Cardiomyopathy and Relation to Artificial Intelligence-Based Scoring. Toxicol Pathol 2024; 52:258-265. [PMID: 38907685 PMCID: PMC11412787 DOI: 10.1177/01926233241259998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
We previously developed a computer-assisted image analysis algorithm to detect and quantify the microscopic features of rodent progressive cardiomyopathy (PCM) in rat heart histologic sections and validated the results with a panel of five veterinary toxicologic pathologists using a multinomial logistic model. In this study, we assessed both the inter-rater and intra-rater agreement of the pathologists and compared pathologists' ratings to the artificial intelligence (AI)-predicted scores. Pathologists and the AI algorithm were presented with 500 slides of rodent heart. They quantified the amount of cardiomyopathy in each slide. A total of 200 of these slides were novel to this study, whereas 100 slides were intentionally selected for repetition from the previous study. After a washout period of more than six months, the repeated slides were examined to assess intra-rater agreement among pathologists. We found the intra-rater agreement to be substantial, with weighted Cohen's kappa values ranging from k = 0.64 to 0.80. Intra-rater variability is not a concern for the deterministic AI. The inter-rater agreement across pathologists was moderate (Cohen's kappa k = 0.56). These results demonstrate the utility of AI algorithms as a tool for pathologists to increase sensitivity and specificity for the histopathologic assessment of the heart in toxicology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Steinbach
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Debra A Tokarz
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Caroll A Co
- Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shawn F Harris
- Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Keith R Shockley
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Emily Singletary
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark F Cesta
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Heath C Thomas
- Aclairo Pharmaceutical Development Group, Vienna, Virginia, USA
| | - Vivian S Chen
- Charles River Laboratories, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Torrie A Crabbs
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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6
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Yildiz Deniz G, Geyikoglu F, Altun S. The regulatory effects of pomiferin dietary on nickel-induced hepatic injury in Sprague-Dawley rats; action mechanisms and signaling pathways. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024; 34:484-494. [PMID: 38223921 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2301667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The new technological applications of nickel (Ni) raise concerns over its harmful effects on the environment and human health. Pomiferin isolated from Osage orange is evaluated in in vitro and in vivo laboratory bioassays. This study focused the effects of pomiferin on Ni-caused hepatic injury and its underlying mechanisms. With this aim, Sprague-Dawley rats received 10 mg/kg nickel chloride (NiCl2) for 7 d by intraperitoneal injections. Pomiferin was given orally once a day at different doses (75, 150, and 300 mg/kg) for 20 d after exposure to NiCl2. Animals were anesthetized and livers were carefully collected to evaluate oxidative stress, inflammation, vascular injury, and hepatic function. Also, immunofluorescence analysis of apoptosis and DNA damage was performed on rat hepatic tissues. NiCl2 increased MDA production while reducing SOD, CAT, and GPx activity. NiCl2 induced the production of inflammatory cytokines and also platelet activation in hepatic tissue. Moreover, there were significant increases in AST, ALT, and LDH levels. NiCl2 also caused significant pathological changes in hepatic. Additionally, it remarkably induced up-regulations of apoptotic marker and 8-OHdG expressions by immunofluorescence labeling in liver cells. Whereas, pomiferin significantly attenuated lipid peroxidation and increased antioxidant defense system in liver. Also, the use of pomiferin prevented deregulated inflammatory process by signaling pathways nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB)/COX-2/TNF-α/IL-1β/IL-6. In addition, pomiferin diminished histopathologic evidence of hepatic toxicity and significantly lower expressions of caspase 3 and 8-OHdG were observed in liver cells. Pomiferin seems to counteract the deleterious effects of NiCl2 on hepatic tissue through different cellular and signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatime Geyikoglu
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Serdar Altun
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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7
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Becher A, Acke E, Serrano G, Kiefer I, Alef M, von Bomhard W, Heilmann RM. Evaluation of the Blood Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker in Dogs with Portosystemic Shunt. Vet Sci 2024; 11:80. [PMID: 38393098 PMCID: PMC10893402 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11020080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) can help in assessing inflammatory diseases, sepsis, and chronic hepatic conditions in humans. Dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts (PSSs) have signs of generalized inflammation, and the clinical signs can overlap with other conditions, including hypoadrenocorticism (HOC). Thus, the potential diagnostic and prognostic value of leukocyte ratios as surrogate markers was assessed in a retrospective case-control study including 106 dogs diagnosed with PSSs. The disease control groups were dogs with parenchymal hepatopathy (PH; n = 22) or HOC (n = 31). In the PSS dogs, the blood NLRs were associated with the severity of systemic inflammation but not with the shunt type, hepatoencephalopathy, systemic infection, or hypoglycemia. The baseline NLRs did not differ between the three disease groups, between medically and surgically treated PSS dogs, or between those with successful PSS ligation and dogs experiencing peri-/post-surgical complications. However, dogs requiring two consecutive surgical interventions had significantly higher NLRs, and an NLR of <2.53 distinguished dogs with successful shunt ligation in one surgery from those requiring two consecutive surgeries for PSS closure. The blood NLR might be a useful clinicopathologic variable in PSS, but its value in helping differentiate PSS from HOC cases appears low. Integrating the NLR into a diagnostic algorithm may allow for a prediction of the number of surgical interventions required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Becher
- Department for Small Animals, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, SN, Germany; (A.B.); (E.A.); (I.K.); (M.A.)
| | - Els Acke
- Department for Small Animals, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, SN, Germany; (A.B.); (E.A.); (I.K.); (M.A.)
- IDEXX Vet Med Labor GmbH, 70806 Kornwestheim, BW, Germany
| | - Gonçalo Serrano
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;
- AniCura Haaglanden Specialist Referral Centre, 2288 EZ Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Ingmar Kiefer
- Department for Small Animals, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, SN, Germany; (A.B.); (E.A.); (I.K.); (M.A.)
| | - Michaele Alef
- Department for Small Animals, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, SN, Germany; (A.B.); (E.A.); (I.K.); (M.A.)
| | - Wolf von Bomhard
- Antech Specialty Center for Veterinary Pathology, 81477 Munich, BY, Germany;
| | - Romy M. Heilmann
- Department for Small Animals, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, SN, Germany; (A.B.); (E.A.); (I.K.); (M.A.)
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8
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Nivy R, Kuzi S, Swinburne J, Constantino-Casas F, Gajanayake I, Bruchim Y, Berkowitz A, Watson P. Copper-associated chronic hepatitis in Cavalier King Charles spaniels. Vet Rec 2024; 194:e3561. [PMID: 37926771 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.3561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copper-associated chronic hepatitis (CuCH) is poorly characterised in Cavalier King Charles spaniels (CKCS). METHODS Hepatic copper accumulation was qualitatively and quantitatively assessed, and blood samples were used for genetic testing to screen for known CuCH-associated genetic variants. RESULTS The study included 13 CKCS with CuCH and eight unaffected controls. Increased transaminase activities, elevated biliary enzyme concentrations and portal hypertension were documented in 100%, 73% and 38% of dogs with CuCH, respectively. Five dogs had three or more abnormalities in measures of liver function. All 11 dogs with CuCh that underwent genetic testing were homozygous negative for the COMMD1 deletion and ATP7A variant but homozygous positive (n = 7) or heterozygous (n = 4) for the ATP7B variant. Liver histology often demonstrated marked architectural distortion by severe, bridging fibrosis and regenerative nodules with lymphoplasmacytic inflammation. Centrilobular copper accumulation characterised early cases with minimal fibrosis. When fibrosis was significant, copper was often differentially concentrated within regenerative nodules. Chelation therapy resolved laboratory derangements and portal hypertension in five of seven dogs. Of the 7 non-surviving dogs with CuCH, 6 had not received chelation therapy. LIMITATIONS Limitations include a small cohort size and the lack of pedigree analyses to corroborate heritability. CONCLUSIONS CuCH should be considered in CKCS with suspected liver disease. Long-term prognosis seems favourable in dogs receiving chelation therapy, notwithstanding the presence of previously reported negative prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Nivy
- Ben-Shemen Specialist Referral Centre, Ben-Shemen, Israel
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sharon Kuzi
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Fernando Constantino-Casas
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Yaron Bruchim
- Ben-Shemen Specialist Referral Centre, Ben-Shemen, Israel
| | | | - Penny Watson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Zdrojkowski Ł, Pawliński B, Skierbiszewska K, Jasiński T, Domino M. Assessment of Connective Tissue in the Equine Uterus and Cervix: Review of Clinical Impact and Staining Options. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:156. [PMID: 38200887 PMCID: PMC10778531 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Uterine diseases stand as the primary cause of infertility in mares; however, the diagnostic process often relies on obtaining endometrial biopsies and their hematoxylin-eosin staining. This review seeks to present the variability of uterine changes and their impact on fertility and underscore the utility of special stains, such as Masson trichrome, picrosirius red, elastica van Gieson, or periodic acid-Schiff, in enhancing diagnostic breadth. Connective tissue evaluation in the cervix is discussed, as it is subjected to cyclic changes and the impact on overall fertility. Vascular changes, particularly prevalent in multiparous mares, play a crucial role in adapting to physiological and pathological alterations, affecting early gestation and impeding placental development. Given that uterine vascular pathologies often involve fibrotic changes, connective tissue stains emerge as a valuable tool in this context. Moreover, equine endometriosis, predominantly associated with endometrial fibrosis, further highlights the relevance of special stains, suggesting their underutilization in the diagnostic process. Recognizing the subjective nature of diagnosing uterine pathologies and the need for additional diagnostic tools, we advocate for using dedicated stains in the histopathological evaluation of uterine samples. In conclusion, we encourage scientists and diagnosticians to embrace additional tools that enhance pathology visualization, enabling more reliable diagnoses concerning expected fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Zdrojkowski
- Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS–SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (B.P.); (K.S.); (T.J.)
| | | | | | | | - Małgorzata Domino
- Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS–SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (B.P.); (K.S.); (T.J.)
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10
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Jablonski SA, Chen YX(P, Williams JE, Kendziorski JA, Smedley RC. Concurrent hepatopathy in dogs with gallbladder mucocele: Prevalence, predictors, and impact on long-term outcome. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:176-186. [PMID: 37921591 PMCID: PMC10800193 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information is limited regarding the prevalence and importance of hepatic histologic abnormalities in dogs with gallbladder mucocele (GBM). OBJECTIVES To (a) report prevalence of hepatic histologic abnormalities in dogs with GBM (b) evaluate for association between hepatic abnormalities and outcome in dogs with GBM (c) evaluate whether neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) differs in dogs with GBM with and without specific hepatic lesions. ANIMALS Fifty-two dogs with grossly and histologically confirmed GBM. METHODS Multicenter, retrospective study of dogs with GBM undergoing cholecystectomy with concurrent liver biopsy. Archived histological sections of gallbladder and liver evaluated by investigators blinded to data. Proportions of dogs with each histologic abnormality alive vs deceased at 1, 3, and 12 months post-cholecystectomy compared. Mann-Whitney U performed to determine if NLR differed in dogs with or without selected lesions. RESULTS 51/52 (98%, 95% CI [89%, 99%]) dogs with GBM had at least 1 hepatic histologic abnormality. Hepatic fibrosis (37/51; 73%, 95% CI [59%, 83%]), biliary hyperplasia (29/52; 56%, 95% CI [42%, 68%]), and portal inflammation (25/52; 48%, 95% CI [35%, 61%]) were most common. The proportion of dogs alive vs dead differed based on the fibrosis score at 1, 3, and 12 (P ≤ .04) months post-cholecystectomy. Dogs with hepatic necrosis (P = .006) and cholangitis/cholangiohepatitis (P = .02) had higher NLRs compared to dogs without these lesions. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Histologic abnormalities of the liver are common in dogs with GBM. A higher portal fibrosis score might be associated with shortened long-term survival after cholecystectomy for dogs with GBM. An increase in NLR might predict hepatic necrosis and cholangitis/cholangiohepatitis in dogs with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A. Jablonski
- Department of Small Animal Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | | | - Jarod E. Williams
- Ozark Veterinary Specialty Care, 881 Animal Emergency DrSpringdaleArkansasUSA
| | - Jessica A. Kendziorski
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary MedicineMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Rebecca C. Smedley
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary MedicineMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
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11
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Prentice KD, Callahan‐Clark JE, Parry NM, Schwarz LA, Webster CRL. Characterization of clinical presentation, histological features, ultrasonographic findings, and survival in 29 dogs with granulomatous hepatitis. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:167-175. [PMID: 37994296 PMCID: PMC10800208 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granulomatous hepatitis (GH) is a form of chronic hepatitis (CH) in dogs for which limited information is published. HYPOTHESIS Describe the clinical presentation, clinical pathology, ultrasound, and hepatic histopathology findings and to report survival times in dogs with GH. ANIMALS Twenty-nine client-owned dogs with GH. METHODS Retrospective observational study. Pathology records were searched. Inclusion criteria included a histopathologic diagnosis of GH, absence of an identified etiology or evidence of extrahepatic granulomatous disease, and a medical record available for review. Clinical presentation, clinical pathologic findings, treatment protocols, and survival times were recorded. Available hepatic biopsy material was graded and scored, and ultrasound evaluations reviewed. RESULTS The median age was 7 years (range, 0.66-12 years). Nineteen breeds were represented. Decreased appetite (19/29), lethargy (16/29), and fever (13/29) were seen most commonly. All dogs had increased serum transaminase activities, whereas 21/29 and 12/24 had hyperbilirubinemia and neutrophilia, respectively. Ultrasonographic findings included hepatomegaly (12/22), nodular parenchymal lesions (9/22), and hyperechoic parenchymal bands (8/22). Histopathologic necroinflammatory scores were moderate to severe in 16/19 dogs, and fibrosis scores were mild in 14/19 dogs. Treatments varied and included antibiotics, immunosuppressive drugs, and hepatoprotectants. Overall median survival was 635 days (range, 1-2482 days). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Granulomatous hepatitis in dogs is associated with high histopathologic grade, fever, neutrophilia, and a high incidence of hepatomegaly and focal parenchymal lesions on ultrasound examination. Despite disease severity on presentation, dogs with GH can have a good outcome with prolonged survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla D. Prentice
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts UniversityNorth GraftonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Nicola M. Parry
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts UniversityNorth GraftonMassachusettsUSA
- Present address:
CBSET, IncLexingtonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Leslie A. Schwarz
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts UniversityNorth GraftonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Cynthia R. L. Webster
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts UniversityNorth GraftonMassachusettsUSA
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12
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Lee RY, Ng CW, Rajapakse MP, Ang N, Yeong JPS, Lau MC. The promise and challenge of spatial omics in dissecting tumour microenvironment and the role of AI. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1172314. [PMID: 37197415 PMCID: PMC10183599 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1172314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the critical role of tumour microenvironment (TME) in tumour progression, metastases, and treatment response. However, the in-situ interplay among various TME components, particularly between immune and tumour cells, are largely unknown, hindering our understanding of how tumour progresses and responds to treatment. While mainstream single-cell omics techniques allow deep, single-cell phenotyping, they lack crucial spatial information for in-situ cell-cell interaction analysis. On the other hand, tissue-based approaches such as hematoxylin and eosin and chromogenic immunohistochemistry staining can preserve the spatial information of TME components but are limited by their low-content staining. High-content spatial profiling technologies, termed spatial omics, have greatly advanced in the past decades to overcome these limitations. These technologies continue to emerge to include more molecular features (RNAs and/or proteins) and to enhance spatial resolution, opening new opportunities for discovering novel biological knowledge, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets. These advancements also spur the need for novel computational methods to mine useful TME insights from the increasing data complexity confounded by high molecular features and spatial resolution. In this review, we present state-of-the-art spatial omics technologies, their applications, major strengths, and limitations as well as the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in TME studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Yuan Lee
- Singapore Thong Chai Medical Institution, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chan Way Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Nicholas Ang
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joe Poh Sheng Yeong
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mai Chan Lau
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
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13
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Ullal TV, Lakin S, Gallagher B, Sbardellati N, Abdo Z, Twedt DC. Demographic and histopathologic features of dogs with abnormally high concentrations of hepatic copper. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:2016-2027. [DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven Lakin
- Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | | | | | - Zaid Abdo
- Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
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14
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Papparella S, Crescio MI, Baldassarre V, Brunetti B, Burrai GP, Cocumelli C, Grieco V, Iussich S, Maniscalco L, Mariotti F, Millanta F, Paciello O, Rasotto R, Romanucci M, Sfacteria A, Zappulli V. Reproducibility and Feasibility of Classification and National Guidelines for Histological Diagnosis of Canine Mammary Gland Tumours: A Multi-Institutional Ring Study. Vet Sci 2022; 9:357. [PMID: 35878374 PMCID: PMC9325225 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9070357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Histological diagnosis of Canine Mammary Tumours (CMTs) provides the basis for proper treatment and follow-up. Nowadays, its accuracy is poorly understood and variable interpretation of histological criteria leads to a lack of standardisation and impossibility to compare studies. This study aimed to quantify the reproducibility of histological diagnosis and grading in CMTs. A blinded ring test on 36 CMTs was performed by 15 veterinary pathologists with different levels of education, after discussion of critical points on the Davis-Thompson Foundation Classification and providing consensus guidelines. Kappa statistics were used to compare the interobserver variability. The overall concordance rate of diagnostic interpretations of WP on identification of hyperplasia-dysplasia/benign/malignant lesions showed a substantial agreement (average k ranging from 0.66 to 0.82, with a k-combined of 0.76). Instead, outcomes on ICD-O-3.2 morphological code /diagnosis of histotype had only a moderate agreement (average k ranging from 0.44 and 0.64, with a k-combined of 0.54). The results demonstrated that standardised classification and consensus guidelines can produce moderate to substantial agreement; however, further efforts are needed to increase this agreement in distinguishing benign versus malignant lesions and in histological grading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serenella Papparella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Unit of Pathology, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.P.); (V.B.); (O.P.)
| | - Maria Ines Crescio
- National Reference Center for the Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy;
| | - Valeria Baldassarre
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Unit of Pathology, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.P.); (V.B.); (O.P.)
| | - Barbara Brunetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Giovanni P. Burrai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
- Mediterranean Center for Disease Control (MCDC), University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Cristiano Cocumelli
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lazio and Toscana M. Aleandri, 00178 Rome, Italy;
| | - Valeria Grieco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Selina Iussich
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Turin, Italy; (S.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Lorella Maniscalco
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Turin, Italy; (S.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Francesca Mariotti
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Francesca Millanta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Orlando Paciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Unit of Pathology, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.P.); (V.B.); (O.P.)
| | - Roberta Rasotto
- Independent Researcher, Via Messer Ottonello 1, 37127 Verona, Italy;
| | | | | | - Valentina Zappulli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020 Padua, Italy
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15
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Gori E, Pierini A, Tulone F, Abramo F, Marchetti V. Serum protein electrophoresis in 26 dogs with chronic hepatitis. J Vet Diagn Invest 2022; 34:738-741. [PMID: 35686386 DOI: 10.1177/10406387221101547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) shows the distribution of protein fractions, helping clinicians to characterize some pathologic processes. Information is lacking in the literature about SPE alterations in dogs with chronic hepatitis (CH). Our aim was to describe SPE alterations in canine CH, to compare SPE results to histologic scores, and to study SPE trends during follow-up. We reviewed retrospectively case data from dogs with a histologic diagnosis of CH. Only cases with SPE, CBC, and serum chemistry results available were included. Dogs were divided into subgroups based on histologic necroinflammatory activity (A) and fibrosis (F) scores (groups A0-1 and A>1; groups F<2 and F≥2). We included 26 dogs; 15 had follow-up SPE. The most common SPE alterations at admission were hypoalbuminemia (n = 16), increases in α1-globulins (n = 11), γ-globulins (n = 11), α2-globulins (n = 8), β2-globulins (n = 7), and β1-globulins (n = 6), and decreased albumin:globulin (A:G) ratios (n = 20). Four of 11 dogs had β-γ bridging. Groups with higher A and F scores had higher β2-globulins. Eleven of 15 dogs with a post-treatment SPE had a decrease in γ-globulins and increase in A:G ratio compared to their T0, although there was no statistically significant difference. Although further studies are warranted, SPE may be useful for monitoring canine CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Gori
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessio Pierini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Tulone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Abramo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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16
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Yamkate P, Lidbury JA, Steiner JM, Suchodolski JS, Giaretta PR. Immunohistochemical Expression of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Markers in Archived Liver Specimens from Dogs with Chronic Hepatitis. J Comp Pathol 2022; 193:25-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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17
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Bencze J, Szarka M, Kóti B, Seo W, Hortobágyi TG, Bencs V, Módis LV, Hortobágyi T. Comparison of Semi-Quantitative Scoring and Artificial Intelligence Aided Digital Image Analysis of Chromogenic Immunohistochemistry. Biomolecules 2021; 12:biom12010019. [PMID: 35053167 PMCID: PMC8774232 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Semi-quantitative scoring is a method that is widely used to estimate the quantity of proteins on chromogen-labelled immunohistochemical (IHC) tissue sections. However, it suffers from several disadvantages, including its lack of objectivity and the fact that it is a time-consuming process. Our aim was to test a recently established artificial intelligence (AI)-aided digital image analysis platform, Pathronus, and to compare it to conventional scoring by five observers on chromogenic IHC-stained slides belonging to three experimental groups. Because Pathronus operates on grayscale 0-255 values, we transformed the data to a seven-point scale for use by pathologists and scientists. The accuracy of these methods was evaluated by comparing statistical significance among groups with quantitative fluorescent IHC reference data on subsequent tissue sections. The pairwise inter-rater reliability of the scoring and converted Pathronus data varied from poor to moderate with Cohen’s kappa, and overall agreement was poor within every experimental group using Fleiss’ kappa. Only the original and converted that were obtained from Pathronus original were able to reproduce the statistical significance among the groups that were determined by the reference method. In this study, we present an AI-aided software that can identify cells of interest, differentiate among organelles, protein specific chromogenic labelling, and nuclear counterstaining after an initial training period, providing a feasible and more accurate alternative to semi-quantitative scoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Bencze
- Division of Radiology and Imaging Science, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- ELKH-DE Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Research Group, Department of Neurology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Máté Szarka
- Horvath Csaba Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Vitrolink Kft., 4033 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Institute for Nuclear Research, 4026 Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Woosung Seo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Tibor G. Hortobágyi
- Institute of Pathology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Viktor Bencs
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - László V. Módis
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- ELKH-DE Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Research Group, Department of Neurology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Pathology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary;
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine, SESAM, Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway
- Correspondence:
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18
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Verwey E, Gal A, Kettner F, Botha WJ, Pazzi P. Prevalence of subclinical bactibilia in apparently healthy shelter dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2021; 62:948-958. [PMID: 34264529 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of subclinical bactibilia in apparently healthy shelter dogs and characterise serum liver enzymes activities, hepatobiliary histopathology and bile cytology in apparently healthy dogs with and without bactibilia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Healthy, abandoned dogs euthanased for non-medical reasons were prospectively recruited for this cross-sectional study. Whole blood, collected immediately before euthanasia, was submitted for serum liver enzyme activity (alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase) analyses. Bile, gall bladder and liver samples were collected aseptically from dogs within 25 minutes of euthanasia. Bile was submitted for bacterial culture and cytology in all dogs. Gall bladder and liver samples were submitted for histopathological examination in bactibilic dogs and nine randomly selected non-bactibilic dogs. RESULTS Sixty-five healthy dogs were included in this study. Bactibilia was diagnosed in 10.8% (7/65) of dogs, with 9.2% (6/65) of dogs diagnosed on cytological examination and 4.6% (3/65) on culture. Elevated alanine aminotransferase activities were present in one bactibilic and five non-bactibilic dogs; and elevated gamma-glutamyl transferase activities in one bactibilic and two non-bactibilic dogs. No dogs had elevated alkaline phosphatase activities. Histopathological changes in bactibilic and non-bactibilic dogs included lymphoplasmocellular cholecystitis (7/7 and 9/9), gall bladder oedema (7/7 and 9/9), hepatic vacuolar degeneration (6/7 and 8/9), cholangitis (5/7 and 7/9), hepatic nodular hyperplasia (3/7 and 5/9) and hepatic cholestasis (2/7 and 4/9). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study confirms that subclinical bactibilia occurs in a small number of apparently healthy shelter dogs and that subclinical hepatobiliary histopathological abnormalities can occur in apparently healthy bactibilic and non-bactibilic dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Verwey
- Internal Medicine Clinic, Tygerberg Animal Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Gal
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - F Kettner
- Internal Medicine Clinic, Tygerberg Animal Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - W J Botha
- Medicine Clinic, Panorama Veterinary Clinic and Specialist Centre, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - P Pazzi
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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19
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Gori E, Pierini A, Meucci V, Abramo F, Muscatello LV, Marchetti V. Hepatic lead and copper concentrations in dogs with chronic hepatitis and their relationship with hematology, serum biochemistry, and histopathology. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:1773-1779. [PMID: 34021627 PMCID: PMC8295653 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the influence of copper ([Cu]) on chronic hepatitis (CH) has been widely studied in dogs, little information is available about the accumulation of other metals. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES We assessed the concentration of lead ([Pb]) in the livers of dogs with CH with or without abnormal hepatic [Cu] to establish if any association existed between [Pb] and either hematologic or biochemical variables, fibrosis, necrosis and inflammation of the liver on histology. ANIMALS Thirty-four dogs with CH that had hepatic [Cu] and [Pb] determined. METHODS Retrospective review of medical records of dogs with CH and hepatic [Cu] and [Pb]. Chronic hepatitis was defined using current American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine consensus statement guidelines. Hepatic [Cu] and [Pb] were determined using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry. Dogs were divided into 2 groups based on [Cu]: <400 ppm (LoCu) and ≥400 ppm (HiCu). RESULTS The median [Cu] and [Pb] were 357 ppm (range, 100-7743 ppm) and 58.7 (range, 6.89-224.4 ppm), respectively. Nineteen dogs had LoCu and 15 dogs had HiCu. Median [Pb] was significantly higher in HiCu compared to LoCu dogs (P < .001). Hepatic [Pb] and [Cu] were significantly correlated (rho = 0.7; P < .001). Dogs with microcytosis had higher [Pb] than did dogs with normal red cell volume (P = .02). Hepatic [Pb] was not correlated with either necroinflammatory or fibrosis scores. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Although additional studies are needed to better understand the clinical role of hepatic [Pb], dogs with abnormal hepatic [Cu] may also have higher hepatic [Pb]. In addition, in dogs with high hepatic [Pb], microcytosis may be present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Gori
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital “Mario Modenato,” Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Alessio Pierini
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital “Mario Modenato,” Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Valentina Meucci
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital “Mario Modenato,” Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Francesca Abramo
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital “Mario Modenato,” Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | | | - Veronica Marchetti
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital “Mario Modenato,” Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
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20
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Wilkinson A, Panciera D, DeMonaco S, Boes K, Leib M, Clapp K, Ruth J, Cecere T, McClendon D. Platelet function in dogs with chronic liver disease. J Small Anim Pract 2021; 63:120-127. [PMID: 33900656 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess platelet function, buccal mucosal bleeding time and plasma von Willebrand factor concentration in dogs with chronic inflammatory and/or fibrotic liver disease and to compare results with those obtained in healthy dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preliminary study including 18 dogs with chronic inflammatory and/or fibrotic liver disease undergoing liver biopsy and 18 healthy age-matched control dogs. Platelet function was assessed by measuring closure time with the PFA-100® analyser using adenosine diphosphate (ADP) as an agonist. Buccal mucosal bleeding time, closure time and plasma von Willebrand factor antigen were measured in dogs in both groups. After undergoing ultrasound-guided needle biopsy, dogs were monitored for haemorrhage to determine if there was an association of any measurement with post-biopsy bleeding. RESULTS The closure time was not different between the liver disease group (median 76.3; range 53 to 118.5 seconds) and control group (72.8; 57 to 89.5 seconds). The buccal mucosal bleeding time was longer in the liver disease group (median 138; range 95 to 229 seconds) than the control group (103; 63 to 200 seconds). The plasma von Willebrand factor antigen concentration was not different between the liver disease group (median 203; range 109 to 351%) and control group (165.5; 63 to 246%). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this study, dogs with chronic necroinflammatory and/or fibrotic liver disease did not have overt, clinically relevant derangements in platelet function as assessed by buccal mucosal bleeding time, closure time and von Willebrand factor analysis. In addition, none of the dogs undergoing percutaneous ultrasound-guided biopsy in the study exhibited bleeding complications post-biopsy procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wilkinson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - D Panciera
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - S DeMonaco
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - K Boes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - M Leib
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - K Clapp
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - J Ruth
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - T Cecere
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - D McClendon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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Derscheid RJ, Rahe MC, Burrough ER, Schwartz KJ, Arruda B. Disease diagnostic coding to facilitate evidence-based medicine: current and future perspectives. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 33:419-427. [PMID: 33719780 DOI: 10.1177/1040638721999373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Technologic advances in information management have rapidly changed laboratory testing and the practice of veterinary medicine. Timely and strategic sampling, same-day assays, and 24-h access to laboratory results allow for rapid implementation of intervention and treatment protocols. Although agent detection and monitoring systems have progressed, and wider tracking of diseases across veterinary diagnostic laboratories exists, such as by the National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN), the distinction between detection of agent and manifestation of disease is critical to improved disease management. The implementation of a consistent, intuitive, and useful disease diagnosis coding system, specific for veterinary medicine and applicable to multiple animal species within and between veterinary diagnostic laboratories, is the first phase of disease data aggregation. Feedback loops for continuous improvement that could aggregate existing clinical and laboratory databases to improve the value and applications of diagnostic processes and clinical interventions, with interactive capabilities between clinicians and diagnosticians, and that differentiate disease causation from mere agent detection, remain incomplete. Creating an interface that allows aggregation of existing data from clinicians, including final diagnosis, interventions, or treatments applied, and measures of outcomes, is the second phase. Prototypes for stakeholder cooperation, collaboration, and beta testing of this vision are in development and becoming a reality. We focus here on how such a system is being developed and utilized at the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory to facilitate evidence-based medicine and utilize diagnostic coding for continuous improvement of animal health and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Derscheid
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA
| | - Michael C Rahe
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA
| | - Eric R Burrough
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA
| | - Kent J Schwartz
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA
| | - Bailey Arruda
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA
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22
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Kruitwagen HS, Oosterhoff LA, van Wolferen ME, Chen C, Nantasanti Assawarachan S, Schneeberger K, Kummeling A, van Straten G, Akkerdaas IC, Vinke CR, van Steenbeek FG, van Bruggen LW, Wolfswinkel J, Grinwis GC, Fuchs SA, Gehart H, Geijsen N, Vries RG, Clevers H, Rothuizen J, Schotanus BA, Penning LC, Spee B. Long-Term Survival of Transplanted Autologous Canine Liver Organoids in a COMMD1-Deficient Dog Model of Metabolic Liver Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020410. [PMID: 32053895 PMCID: PMC7072637 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The shortage of liver organ donors is increasing and the need for viable alternatives is urgent. Liver cell (hepatocyte) transplantation may be a less invasive treatment compared with liver transplantation. Unfortunately, hepatocytes cannot be expanded in vitro, and allogenic cell transplantation requires long-term immunosuppression. Organoid-derived adult liver stem cells can be cultured indefinitely to create sufficient cell numbers for transplantation, and they are amenable to gene correction. This study provides preclinical proof of concept of the potential of cell transplantation in a large animal model of inherited copper toxicosis, such as Wilson’s disease, a Mendelian disorder that causes toxic copper accumulation in the liver. Hepatic progenitors from five COMMD1-deficient dogs were isolated and cultured using the 3D organoid culture system. After genetic restoration of COMMD1 expression, the organoid-derived hepatocyte-like cells were safely delivered as repeated autologous transplantations via the portal vein. Although engraftment and repopulation percentages were low, the cells survived in the liver for up to two years post-transplantation. The low engraftment was in line with a lack of functional recovery regarding copper excretion. This preclinical study confirms the survival of genetically corrected autologous organoid-derived hepatocyte-like cells in vivo and warrants further optimization of organoid engraftment and functional recovery in a large animal model of human liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedwig S. Kruitwagen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
- Correspondence: (H.S.K.); (B.S.)
| | - Loes A. Oosterhoff
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Monique E. van Wolferen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Sathidpak Nantasanti Assawarachan
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Kerstin Schneeberger
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Anne Kummeling
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Giora van Straten
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Ies C. Akkerdaas
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Christel R. Vinke
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Frank G. van Steenbeek
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Leonie W.L. van Bruggen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Jeannette Wolfswinkel
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Guy C.M. Grinwis
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Sabine A. Fuchs
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Helmuth Gehart
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research and University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (H.G.); (H.C.)
| | - Niels Geijsen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research and University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (H.G.); (H.C.)
| | - Robert G. Vries
- Hubrecht Organoid Technology (HUB), 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research and University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (H.G.); (H.C.)
| | - Jan Rothuizen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Baukje A. Schotanus
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Louis C. Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.A.O.); (M.E.v.W.); (C.C.); (S.N.A.); (K.S.); (A.K.); (G.v.S.); (I.C.A.); (C.R.V.); (F.G.v.S.); (L.W.L.v.B.); (J.W.); (N.G.); (J.R.); (B.A.S.); (L.C.P.)
- Correspondence: (H.S.K.); (B.S.)
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23
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Fernandez NJ, Gilroy CV, Wagg CR, Kwong GPS, Roy MF. Intra- and inter-rater agreement for the detection of band neutrophils and toxic change in horses. Vet Clin Pathol 2019; 48:668-676. [PMID: 31823397 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The detection of band neutrophils and toxic change via microscopic blood smear review is vitally important, as their presence indicates systemic inflammation. However, in-clinic evaluation of WBC morphology is often limited. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the agreement between expert raters in the detection of bands and toxic change. METHODS Three board-certified clinical pathologists each evaluated 109 blood smears from horses with acute disease, and 19 control smears from healthy horses. The pathologists determined if bands were present, and if so, the percentage of bands present. They also determined if toxic change was present, and if so, the grade of toxic change. Intra-rater agreement was evaluated using 12 duplicate blood smears. Agreement on the presence of bands between pathologists and an in-clinic hematology analyzer was evaluated. RESULTS Intra-rater agreement was substantial to almost perfect. Agreement between pathologists for the detection of bands was moderate, but when pathologists agreed bands were present, there was excellent agreement on the percentage of bands and mature neutrophils. Agreement between pathologists for the detection of high-grade, clinically relevant toxic change was fair. When pathologists agreed high-grade toxic change was present, there was fair agreement on Döhle bodies and cytoplasmic basophilia and poor agreement on cytoplasmic vacuolation. Agreement between individual pathologists and the in-clinic hematology analyzer for the indication of bands was fair to moderate. CONCLUSIONS Consistent identification of bands and toxic change is challenging, even for highly trained personnel. It is, thus,not surprising that in-clinic blood smear evaluation of WBC morphology by non-experts could be inadequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J Fernandez
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Cornelia V Gilroy
- Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Catherine R Wagg
- University of Calgary, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Grace P S Kwong
- University of Calgary, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Marie-France Roy
- University of Calgary, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
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24
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Tamura M, Ohta H, Shimbo G, Osuga T, Sasaki N, Morishita K, Kagawa Y, Takiguchi M. Usefulness of noninvasive shear wave elastography for the assessment of hepatic fibrosis in dogs with hepatic disease. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:2067-2074. [PMID: 31461576 PMCID: PMC6766497 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) can noninvasively evaluate hepatic elastic modulus as shear wave velocity (SWV). Additionally, it may predict the presence of clinical relevant hepatic fibrosis (≥F2) in dogs with hepatic disease. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether SWV measured by 2D-SWE can differentiate between dogs with (≥F2) and without (F0-1) clinically relevant hepatic fibrosis. ANIMALS Twenty-eight client-owned dogs with hepatic disease and 8 normal healthy Beagle dogs were enrolled. METHODS In this cross-sectional prospective study, SWVs were measured using 2D-SWE in all dogs. Hepatic fibrosis stages and necroinflammatory activity grades were histopathologically evaluated using a histological scoring scheme that was adapted from the Ishak schema used in human medicine. RESULTS Median SWVs were significantly higher in dogs with clinically relevant hepatic fibrosis (2.04 m/s; range, 1.81-2.26 m/s) than in healthy dogs (1.51 m/s; range, 1.44-1.66 m/s; P = .007), and dogs without clinically relevant hepatic fibrosis (1.56 m/s; range, 1.37-1.67 m/s; P < .001). However, no significant difference was found in the SWVs between dogs without clinically relevant hepatic fibrosis and healthy dogs (P = .99). Furthermore, median SWVs were not significantly different among dogs with necroinflammatory activity, those without necroinflammatory activity, and healthy dogs (Kruskal-Wallis test, P = .12). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The 2D-SWE may be useful for predicting the presence of hepatic fibrosis in dogs with hepatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Tamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Genya Shimbo
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate school of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Osuga
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate school of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Noboru Sasaki
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate school of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keitaro Morishita
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate school of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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25
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Ullal T, Ambrosini Y, Rao S, Webster CRL, Twedt D. Retrospective evaluation of cyclosporine in the treatment of presumed idiopathic chronic hepatitis in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:2046-2056. [PMID: 31393054 PMCID: PMC6766481 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The etiology of idiopathic chronic hepatitis (ICH) in dogs is poorly understood, but evidence supports an immune‐mediated pathogenesis in some dogs. Objectives To describe a case series of dogs with presumed ICH treated with cyclosporine (CsA) with or without concurrent medications and to document the incidence of biochemical remission and factors associated with failure to attain remission. Animals Forty‐eight client‐owned dogs diagnosed with presumed ICH, treatment of which included CsA. Methods Two‐institution, retrospective case series of dogs between 2010 and 2017. All dogs were treated with CsA with or without concurrent medications for ≥2 weeks. Data were collected from medical records. Results Biochemical remission (<1.1 times the upper limit of normal for alanine aminotransferase activity) was attained in 79% of dogs (38/48). Median dose of CsA at remission was 7.9 mg/kg/d (range, 2.5‐12.7 mg/kg/d) and median time to remission was 2.5 months (range, 0.75‐18 months). Concurrent hepatoprotectant treatment was not associated with likelihood of remission. Clinical score, ascites, hypoalbuminemia, hyperbilirubinemia, prolonged coagulation times, dose, and duration of treatment were not associated with the probability of remission or time to remission. Common adverse effects of CsA were gastrointestinal signs in 38% (18/48) and gingival hyperplasia in 25% (12/48) of treated dogs. Conclusion and Clinical Importance A treatment regimen including CsA and frequent hepatoprotectant use resulted in biochemical remission of ICH in most dogs. None of the evaluated factors, including hepatoprotectant use, were significantly associated with likelihood of remission. Future prospective studies are indicated to evaluate CsA monotherapy in ICH dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarini Ullal
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Yoko Ambrosini
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, Grafton, Massachusetts
| | - Sangeeta Rao
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Cynthia R L Webster
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, Grafton, Massachusetts
| | - David Twedt
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Menard M, Lecoindre A, Cadoré JL, Chevallier M, Pagnon A, Hernandez J, Leal RO, Hugonnard M, Miette V, Destro M, Rannou B, Benchekroun G, Lecoindre P. Use of serum biomarkers in staging of canine hepatic fibrosis. J Vet Diagn Invest 2019; 31:665-673. [PMID: 31347473 DOI: 10.1177/1040638719866881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate staging of hepatic fibrosis (HF) is important for treatment and prognosis of canine chronic hepatitis. HF scores are used in human medicine to indirectly stage and monitor HF, decreasing the need for liver biopsy. We developed a canine HF score to screen for moderate or greater HF. We included 96 dogs in our study, including 5 healthy dogs. A liver biopsy for histologic examination and a biochemistry profile were performed on all dogs. The dogs were randomly split into a training set of 58 dogs and a validation set of 38 dogs. A HF score that included alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, potassium, and gamma-glutamyl transferase was developed in the training set. Model performance was confirmed using the internal validation set, and was similar to the performance in the training set. The overall sensitivity and specificity for the study group were 80% and 70% respectively, with an area under the curve of 0.80 (0.71-0.90). This HF score could be used for indirect diagnosis of canine HF when biochemistry panels are performed on the Konelab 30i (Thermo Scientific), using reagents as in our study. External validation is required to determine if the score is sufficiently robust to utilize biochemical results measured in other laboratories with different instruments and methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Menard
- Internal Medicine Department, Université Paris-Est, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France (Menard, Benchekroun)
| | - Alexis Lecoindre
- Internal Medicine Department (Lecoindre A, Cadoré, Hugonnard), VetAgro Sup Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | - Jean-Luc Cadoré
- Internal Medicine Department (Lecoindre A, Cadoré, Hugonnard), VetAgro Sup Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | | | | | - Juan Hernandez
- Internal Medicine Department, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Frégis, Arcueil, France (Hernandez, Leal)
| | - Rodolpho Oliveira Leal
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (Leal)
| | - Marine Hugonnard
- Internal Medicine Department (Lecoindre A, Cadoré, Hugonnard), VetAgro Sup Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | | | | | - Benoît Rannou
- Laboratoire de biologie médicale (Rannou), VetAgro Sup Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | - Ghita Benchekroun
- Internal Medicine Department, Université Paris-Est, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France (Menard, Benchekroun)
| | - Patrick Lecoindre
- Internal Medicine Department (Lecoindre A, Cadoré, Hugonnard), VetAgro Sup Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy l'Étoile, France
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27
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Lawrence YA, Rodrigues-Hoffmann A, Steiner JM, Suchodolski JS, Shankar S, Klemashevich CL, Lidbury JA. Development, validation, and application of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantitative determination of trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline concentration in the serum of dogs with chronic hepatitis. Am J Vet Res 2019; 80:434-440. [PMID: 31034276 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.80.5.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and analytically validate a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for measurement of endogenous trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline concentrations in canine serum and to assess serum trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline concentrations in dogs with chronic hepatitis. SAMPLE Serum samples obtained from 20 dogs with histopathologically confirmed chronic hepatitis and 20 healthy control dogs. PROCEDURES A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantification of trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline concentration was developed and assessed for analytic sensitivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and reproducibility. Serum concentration of trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline in dogs with chronic hepatitis and healthy control dogs was measured. RESULTS Observed-to-expected ratios for dilutional parallelism ranged from 72.7% to 111.5% (mean ± SD, 91.3 ± 19.6%). Intra-assay and interassay coefficients of variation ranged from 2.1% to 3.0% and 3.2% to 5.3%, respectively. Relative error ranged from -2.3% to 7.8%. Trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline concentrations were significantly lower in serum obtained from dogs with chronic hepatitis (median, 0.24 ng/mL; range, 0.06 to 1.84 ng/mL) than in serum obtained from healthy control dogs (median, 0.78 ng/mL; range, 0.14 to 4.90 ng/mL). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The method described here for the quantification of trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline concentration in canine serum was found to be sensitive, specific, precise, accurate, and reproducible. Dogs with chronic hepatitis had significantly lower serum trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline concentrations than did healthy control dogs, possibly as a result of altered hepatic metabolism of amino acids.
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Webster CRL, Center SA, Cullen JM, Penninck DG, Richter KP, Twedt DC, Watson PJ. ACVIM consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:1173-1200. [PMID: 30844094 PMCID: PMC6524396 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This consensus statement on chronic hepatitis (CH) in dogs is based on the expert opinion of 7 specialists with extensive experience in diagnosing, treating, and conducting clinical research in hepatology in dogs. It was generated from expert opinion and information gathered from searching of PubMed for manuscripts on CH, the Veterinary Information Network for abstracts and conference proceeding from annual meetings of the American College of Veterinary Medicine and the European College of Veterinary Medicine, and selected manuscripts from the human literature on CH. The panel recognizes that the diagnosis and treatment of CH in the dog is a complex process that requires integration of clinical presentation with clinical pathology, diagnostic imaging, and hepatic biopsy. Essential to this process is an index of suspicion for CH, knowledge of how to best collect tissue samples, access to a pathologist with experience in assessing hepatic histopathology, knowledge of reasonable medical interventions, and a strategy for monitoring treatment response and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia R. L. Webster
- Department of Clinical SciencesCummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts UniversityGraftonMassachusetts
| | - Sharon A. Center
- Department of Clinical SciencesNew York State College of Veterinary Medicine at Cornell UniversityIthacaNew York
| | - John M. Cullen
- Population Health and PathobiologyNorth Carolina State Veterinary MedicineRaleighNorth Carolina
| | - Dominique G. Penninck
- Department of Clinical SciencesCummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts UniversityGraftonMassachusetts
| | - Keith P. Richter
- Ethos Veterinary Health and Veterinary Specialty Hospital of San DiegoSan DiegoCalifornia
| | - David C. Twedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColorado
| | - Penny J. Watson
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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29
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Wennogle SA, Randall EK, Priestnall SL, Twedt DC, Simpson KW. Eubacterial fluorescence
in situ
hybridisation and histologic features in 25 dogs with gallbladder mucocele. J Small Anim Pract 2019; 60:291-297. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Wennogle
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineColorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - E. K. Randall
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health SciencesColorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - S. L. Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary CollegeUniversity of London Hatfield AL9 7TA UK
| | - D. C. Twedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineColorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - K. W. Simpson
- College of Veterinary MedicineCornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
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30
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Sakai M, Spee B, Grinwis GCM, Penning LC, van Wolferen ME, van der Laan LJW, Fieten H. Association of circulating microRNA-122 and microRNA-29a with stage of fibrosis and progression of chronic hepatitis in Labrador Retrievers. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 33:151-157. [PMID: 30548329 PMCID: PMC6335531 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis (CH) in dogs is common and has the tendency to progress to liver cirrhosis (LC). Circulating microRNAs might have the potential as markers for disease progression. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether concentration of specific microRNAs in serum correlate with the stage and grade of CH in Labrador Retrievers. ANIMALS Twenty-two Labrador Retrievers with histological CH (n = 8), LC (n = 7), and normal liver (NL, n = 7). METHODS In this retrospective study, serum concentrations of miR-122, miR-29a, miR-133a, miR-181b, and miR-17-5p were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and evaluated using univariate linear regression in dogs. A multivariate model was fit including the grade of hepatitis and the stage of fibrosis. RESULTS Of the 5 microRNAs, only circulating miR-122 and miR-29a were significantly associated with the grade of hepatitis and the stage of fibrosis. A positive correlation was identified between the grade of hepatitis with miR-122 (rs = 0.79, P < .001) and miR-29a (rs = 0.78, P < .001). Both miR-122 (rs = 0.81, P < .001) and miR-29a (rs = 0.67, P < .001) showed a significant positive correlation with the stage of fibrosis. MiR-122 concentrations were significantly higher in the CH (P < .01) and LC groups (P < .001) compared to the NL group. MiR-29a concentrations were significantly higher in the CH (P < .001) and LC (P < .001) groups compared to the NL group. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Circulating miR-122 and miR-29a concentrations might be useful for monitoring the response to treatment and progression of canine CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Sakai
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Guy C M Grinwis
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louis C Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Monique E van Wolferen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hille Fieten
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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31
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Raghu C, Ekena J, Cullen JM, Webb CB, Trepanier LA. Evaluation of potential serum biomarkers of hepatic fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity in dogs with liver disease. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:1009-1018. [PMID: 29485210 PMCID: PMC5980386 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Serum interleukin 6 (IL‐6), chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), C‐reactive protein (CRP), and the ratio of aspartate transaminase to alanine transaminase (AST:ALT) have been correlated with fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity in humans with various hepatopathies. Hypothesis/Objectives To determine whether increases in serum IL‐6, CCL2, CRP, or AST:ALT were associated with moderate to severe fibrosis or necroinflammatory activity in dogs with various hepatopathies. Animals Forty‐four client‐owned dogs with clinical evidence of liver disease and 10 healthy purpose‐bred dogs, all undergoing liver biopsies by laparoscopy or laparotomy. Methods Measurement of serum IL‐6, CCL2, CRP, AST, and ALT before scheduled liver biopsy and evaluation of liver histopathology using the METAVIR scoring system used in human medicine, blinded to clinical presentation. Results Median serum IL‐6 was approximately twice as high in dogs with high fibrosis scores (15.5 pg/mL; range, 1.4 to 235 pg/mL) compared to dogs with low fibrosis scores (7.6 pg/mL; range, 1.4 to 148.1 pg/mL), with marginal significance (P = .05). Median serum CCL2 was significantly higher in dogs with active necroinflammation (444 pg/mL; range, 144 to 896 pg/mL) compared to dogs without detectable necroinflammation (326 pg/mL; range, 59 to 1692 pg/mL; P = .008), but with considerable overlap between groups. Neither serum CRP nor AST:ALT ratios were significantly different based on fibrosis or necroinflammatory scores. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Because of substantial variability among dogs, single measurements of IL‐6 and CCL2 have limited diagnostic utility for identifying fibrosis or necroinflammation, respectively, in dogs with various chronic liver diseases. The value of these biomarkers should be explored further in monitoring response to treatment in individual dogs with chronic hepatopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantel Raghu
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Joanne Ekena
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - John M Cullen
- Department of Public Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Craig B Webb
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Lauren A Trepanier
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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32
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Sun J, Li M, Fan S, Guo Z, Zhong B, Jin X, Shi W. A novel liver-targeted nitric oxide donor UDCA-Thr-NO protects against cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:392-401. [PMID: 29511433 PMCID: PMC5835804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Portal hypertension (PHT) is a common liver disease that is closely related to cirrhosis and has a high morbidity and mortality. The present study aimed to probe the efficacy of a novel nitric oxide (NO)-releasing agent with NO linked to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) through threonine (UDCA-Thr-NO) as a liver-targeted therapy for cirrhosis and PHT. After intraperitoneal treatment of dimethyl nitrosamine-induced cirrhotic rats for 3 or 4 weeks, UDCA-Thr-NO could prevent ascites formation and reduce portal pressure instead of carotid artery pressure, when compared with UDCA or compound embryonic bovine liver extract tablets. Biochemical analysis of the rat sera also revealed that UDCA-Thr-NO improved the levels of alanine aminotransferase and total bilirubin and reduced the level of hydroxyproline (P < 0.05). Colorimetric analysis of the liver tissue by staining hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Sirius red (SR) showed that UDCA-Thr-NO could improve pathological changes and reduce liver collagen deposition and intrahepatic resistance without affecting systemic circulation. It was concluded that UDCA-Thr-NO had a protective effect on liver injury and could be utilized to improve cirrhosis and PHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Sun
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Menghua Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University27 Shanda Nan Lu, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shiyong Fan
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University27 Shanda Nan Lu, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Bohua Zhong
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xueyuan Jin
- International Center for Liver Diseases Treatment, 302 Hospital of PLABeijing 100039, China
| | - Weiguo Shi
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
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Melatonin Modulation of Sirtuin-1 Attenuates Liver Injury in a Hypercholesterolemic Mouse Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018. [PMID: 29516009 PMCID: PMC5817311 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7968452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia increases and exacerbates stress signals leading also to liver damage (LD) and failure. Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) is involved in lifespan extension and it plays an essential role in hepatic lipid metabolism. However, its involvement in liver hypercholesterolemic damage is not yet completely defined. This in vivo study evaluated the role of SIRT1 in the hypercholesterolemic-related LD and, then, investigated how oral supplementation of melatonin, pleiotropic indoleamine, may be protective. Control mice and apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (ApoE−/−) of 6 and 15 weeks of age were treated or not treated with melatonin at the dose of 10 mg/kg/day for 9 weeks. In this study, we evaluated serum biochemical markers, liver SIRT1 expression, and oxidative stress markers. We observed that hypercholesterolemia increased significantly serum cholesterol and triglycerides, reduced significantly liver SIRT1, and, in turn, induced hepatic oxidative stress in untreated ApoE−/− mice with respect to control mice. Interestingly, melatonin treatment improved serum biochemical markers and hepatic morphological impairment and inhibited oxidative stress through its antioxidant properties and also by SIRT1 upregulation. In summary, melatonin oral supplementation may represent a new protective approach to block hypercholesterolemic liver alterations involving also a SIRT1-dependent mechanism.
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34
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Eulenberg VM, Lidbury JA. Hepatic Fibrosis in Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 32:26-41. [PMID: 29194760 PMCID: PMC5787209 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is commonly diagnosed in dogs, often as a sequela to chronic hepatitis (CH). The development of fibrosis is a crucial event in the progression of hepatic disease that is of prognostic value. The pathophysiology of hepatic fibrosis in human patients and rodent models has been studied extensively. Although less is known about this process in dogs, evidence suggests that fibrogenic mechanisms are similar between species and that activation of hepatic stellate cells is a key step. Diagnosis and staging of hepatic fibrosis in dogs requires histopathological examination of a liver biopsy specimen. However, performing a liver biopsy is invasive and assessment of fibrotic stage is complicated by the absence of a universally accepted staging scheme in veterinary medicine. Serum biomarkers that can discriminate among different fibrosis stages are used in human patients, but such markers must be more completely evaluated in dogs before clinical use. When successful treatment of its underlying cause is feasible, reversal of hepatic fibrosis has been shown to be possible in rodent models and human patients. Reversal of fibrosis has not been well documented in dogs, but successful treatment of CH is possible. In human medicine, better understanding of the pathomechanisms of hepatic fibrosis is leading to the development of novel treatment strategies. In time, these may be applied to dogs. This article comparatively reviews the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis, its diagnosis, and its treatment in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Eulenberg
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - J A Lidbury
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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