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Laojun S, Changbunjong T, Chaiphongpachara T. Population genetic structure and wing geometric morphometrics of the filarial vector Armigeres subalbatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand. Acta Trop 2024; 253:107171. [PMID: 38447704 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Armigeres subalbatus (Diptera: Culicidae) is a mosquito species of significant medical and veterinary importance. It is widely distributed across Southeast and East Asia and is commonly found throughout Thailand. This study assessed the genetic diversity and population structure of Ar. subalbatus in Thailand using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences. Additionally, wing shape variations among these populations were examined using geometric morphometrics (GM). Our results demonstrated that the overall haplotype diversity (Hd) was 0.634, and the nucleotide diversity (π) was 0.0019. Significant negative values in neutrality tests (p < 0.05) indicate that the Ar. subalbatus populations in Thailand are undergoing a phase of expansion following a bottleneck event. The mismatch distribution test suggests that the populations may have started expanding approximately 16,678 years ago. Pairwise genetic differentiation among the 12 populations based on Fst revealed significant differences in 32 pairs (p < 0.05), with the degree of differentiation ranging from 0.000 to 0.419. The GM analysis of wing shape also indicated significant differences in nearly all pairs (p < 0.05), except for between populations from Nakhon Pathom and Samut Songkhram, and between those from Chiang Mai and Mae Hong Son, suggesting no significant difference due to their similar environmental settings. These findings enhance our understanding of the population structure and phenotypic adaptations of mosquito vectors, providing vital insights for the formulation of more efficacious vector control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedthapong Laojun
- Department of Public Health and Health Promotion, College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Samut Songkhram 75000, Thailand
| | - Tanasak Changbunjong
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals (MoZWE), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Tanawat Chaiphongpachara
- Department of Public Health and Health Promotion, College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Samut Songkhram 75000, Thailand.
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2
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Cosme LV, Corley M, Johnson T, Severson DW, Yan G, Wang X, Beebe N, Maynard A, Bonizzoni M, Khorramnejad A, Martins AJ, Lima JBP, Munstermann LE, Surendran SN, Chen CH, Maringer K, Wahid I, Mukherjee S, Xu J, Fontaine MC, Estallo EL, Stein M, Livdahl T, Scaraffia PY, Carter BH, Mogi M, Tuno N, Mains JW, Medley KA, Bowles DE, Gill RJ, Eritja R, González-Obando R, Trang HTT, Boyer S, Abunyewa AM, Hackett K, Wu T, Nguyễn J, Shen J, Zhao H, Crawford JE, Armbruster P, Caccone A. A genotyping array for the globally invasive vector mosquito, Aedes albopictus. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:106. [PMID: 38439081 PMCID: PMC10910840 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is the preferred genotyping method for most genomic analyses, limitations are often experienced when studying genomes characterized by a high percentage of repetitive elements, high linkage, and recombination deserts. The Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus), for example, has a genome comprising up to 72% repetitive elements, and therefore we set out to develop a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip to be more cost-effective. Aedes albopictus is an invasive species originating from Southeast Asia that has recently spread around the world and is a vector for many human diseases. Developing an accessible genotyping platform is essential in advancing biological control methods and understanding the population dynamics of this pest species, with significant implications for public health. METHODS We designed a SNP chip for Ae. albopictus (Aealbo chip) based on approximately 2.7 million SNPs identified using WGS data from 819 worldwide samples. We validated the chip using laboratory single-pair crosses, comparing technical replicates, and comparing genotypes of samples genotyped by WGS and the SNP chip. We then used the chip for a population genomic analysis of 237 samples from 28 sites in the native range to evaluate its usefulness in describing patterns of genomic variation and tracing the origins of invasions. RESULTS Probes on the Aealbo chip targeted 175,396 SNPs in coding and non-coding regions across all three chromosomes, with a density of 102 SNPs per 1 Mb window, and at least one SNP in each of the 17,461 protein-coding genes. Overall, 70% of the probes captured the genetic variation. Segregation analysis found that 98% of the SNPs followed expectations of single-copy Mendelian genes. Comparisons with WGS indicated that sites with genotype disagreements were mostly heterozygotes at loci with WGS read depth < 20, while there was near complete agreement with WGS read depths > 20, indicating that the chip more accurately detects heterozygotes than low-coverage WGS. Sample sizes did not affect the accuracy of the SNP chip genotype calls. Ancestry analyses identified four to five genetic clusters in the native range with various levels of admixture. CONCLUSIONS The Aealbo chip is highly accurate, is concordant with genotypes from WGS with high sequence coverage, and may be more accurate than low-coverage WGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Veiga Cosme
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8105, USA.
| | - Margaret Corley
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8105, USA
| | - Thomas Johnson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8105, USA
| | - Dave W Severson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Guiyun Yan
- Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Nigel Beebe
- School of the Environment, University of Queensland Australia, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Andrew Maynard
- School of the Environment, University of Queensland Australia, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Mariangela Bonizzoni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ayda Khorramnejad
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ademir Jesus Martins
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Bento Pereira Lima
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leonard E Munstermann
- Yale School of Public Health and Yale Peabody Museum, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Chun-Hong Chen
- National Health Research Institutes, National Mosquito-Borne Disease Control Research Center & National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | | | - Isra Wahid
- Center for Zoonotic and Emerging Diseases, Hasanuddin University Medical Research Centre (HUMRC), Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Shomen Mukherjee
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institutes of Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
- Biological and Life Sciences Division, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Jiannon Xu
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Michael C Fontaine
- MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
- University of Groningen, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabet L Estallo
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marina Stein
- Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, CONICET CCT Nordeste, Resistencia, Argentina
| | | | - Patricia Y Scaraffia
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Brendan H Carter
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Motoyoshi Mogi
- Division of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Nabeshima, Saga, Japan
| | - Nobuko Tuno
- Laboratory of Ecology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | - Kim A Medley
- Tyson Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | | | - Richard J Gill
- Department of Life Sciences, Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Imperial College London, Berkshire, UK
| | - Roger Eritja
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Blanes, Spain
| | | | - Huynh T T Trang
- Department of Medical Entomology and Zoonotics, Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Sébastien Boyer
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Ann-Marie Abunyewa
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8105, USA
| | - Kayleigh Hackett
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8105, USA
| | - Tina Wu
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8105, USA
| | - Justin Nguyễn
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8105, USA
| | - Jiangnan Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | | | - Peter Armbruster
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Adalgisa Caccone
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8105, USA
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3
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Filipović I, Marshall JM, Rašić G. Finding divergent sequences of homomorphic sex chromosomes via diploidized nanopore-based assembly from a single male. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.29.582759. [PMID: 38464271 PMCID: PMC10925256 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.29.582759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Although homomorphic sex chromosomes can have non-recombining regions with elevated sequence divergence between its complements, such divergence signals can be difficult to detect bioinformatically. If found in genomes of e.g. insect pests, these sequences could be targeted by the engineered genetic sexing and control systems. Here, we report an approach that can leverage long-read nanopore sequencing of a single XY male to identify divergent regions of homomorphic sex chromosomes. Long-read data are used for de novo genome assembly that is diploidized in a way that maximizes sex-specific differences between its haploid complements. We show that the correct assembly phasing is supported by the mapping of nanopore reads from the male's haploid Y-bearing sperm cells. The approach revealed a highly divergent region (HDR) near the centromere of the homomorphic sex chromosome of Aedes aegypti, the most important arboviral vector, for which there is a great interest in creating new genetic control tools. HDR is located ~5Mb downstream of the known male-determining locus on chromosome 1 and is significantly enriched for ovary-biased genes. While recombination in HDR ceased relatively recently (~1.4 MYA), HDR gametologs have divergent exons and introns of protein coding genes, and most lncRNA genes became X-specific. Megabases of previously invisible sex-linked sequences provide new putative targets for engineering the genetic systems to control this deadly mosquito. Broadly, our approach expands the toolbox for studying cryptic structure of sex chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Filipović
- Mosquito Genomics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston QLD 4006, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - John M Marshall
- Divisions of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Gordana Rašić
- Mosquito Genomics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston QLD 4006, Australia
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Abuelmaali SA, Mashlawi AM, Ishak IH, Wajidi MFF, Jaal Z, Avicor SW, Kassim NFA. Population genetic structure of Aedes aegypti subspecies in selected geographical locations in Sudan. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2978. [PMID: 38316804 PMCID: PMC10844603 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52591-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Although knowledge of the composition and genetic diversity of disease vectors is important for their management, this is limiting in many instances. In this study, the population structure and phylogenetic relationship of the two Aedes aegypti subspecies namely Aedes aegypti aegypti (Aaa) and Aedes aegypti formosus (Aaf) in eight geographical areas in Sudan were analyzed using seven microsatellite markers. Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) for the two subspecies revealed that Aaa deviated from HWE among the seven microsatellite loci, while Aaf exhibited departure in five loci and no departure in two loci (A10 and M201). The Factorial Correspondence Analysis (FCA) plots revealed that the Aaa populations from Port Sudan, Tokar, and Kassala clustered together (which is consistent with the unrooted phylogenetic tree), Aaf from Fasher and Nyala populations clustered together, and Gezira, Kadugli, and Junaynah populations also clustered together. The Bayesian cluster analysis structured the populations into two groups suggesting two genetically distinct groups (subspecies). Isolation by distance test revealed a moderate to strong significant correlation between geographical distance and genetic variations (p = 0.003, r = 0.391). The migration network created using divMigrate demonstrated that migration and gene exchange between subspecies populations appear to occur based on their geographical proximity. The genetic structure of the Ae. aegypti subspecies population and the gene flow among them, which may be interpreted as the mosquito vector's capacity for dispersal, were revealed in this study. These findings will help in the improvement of dengue epidemiology research including information on the identity of the target vector/subspecies and the arboviruses vector surveillance program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Abuelmaali
- 129 Medical Entomology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
- National Public Health Laboratory, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, 11115, Sudan
| | - Abadi M Mashlawi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan, 45142, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Intan Haslina Ishak
- 129 Medical Entomology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
- Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| | | | - Zairi Jaal
- Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Silas Wintuma Avicor
- Molecular Entomology Research Group, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
- Entomology Division, Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, New Tafo-Akim, Ghana
| | - Nur Faeza Abu Kassim
- 129 Medical Entomology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
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5
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Mashlawi AM, Alqahtani H, Abuelmaali SA, Gloria‐Soria A, Saingamsook J, Kaddumukasa M, Ghzwani AH, Abdulhaq AA, Al‐Mekhlafi HM, Walton C. Microsatellite-based analysis reveals Aedes aegypti populations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia result from colonization by both the ancestral African and the global domestic forms. Evol Appl 2024; 17:e13661. [PMID: 38405337 PMCID: PMC10883788 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) mosquito is the main vector of dengue, chikungunya and Zika and is well established today all over the world. The species comprises two forms: the ancestral form found throughout Africa and a global domestic form that spread to the rest of the tropics and subtropics. In Saudi Arabia, A. aegypti has been known in the southwest since 1956, and previous genetic studies clustered A. aegypti from Saudi Arabia with the global domestic form. The purpose of this study was to assess the genetic structure of A. aegypti in Saudi Arabia and determine their geographic origin. Genetic data for 17 microsatellites were collected for A. aegypti ranging from the southwestern highlands of Saudi Arabia on the border of Yemen to the north-west in Madinah region as well as from Thailand and Uganda populations (as representatives of the ancestral African and global domestic forms, respectively). The low but significant level of genetic structuring in Saudi Arabia was consistent with long-distance dispersal capability possibly through road connectivity and human activities, that is, passive dispersal. There are two main genetic groupings in Saudi Arabia, one of which clusters with the Ugandan population and the other with the Thailand population with many Saudi Arabian individuals having mixed ancestry. The hypothesis of genetic admixture of the ancestral African and global domestic forms in Saudi Arabia was supported by approximate Bayesian computational analyses. The extent of admixture varied across Saudi Arabia. African ancestry was highest in the highland area of the Jazan region followed by the lowland Jazan and Sahil regions. Conversely, the western (Makkah, Jeddah and Madinah) and Najran populations corresponded to the global domesticated form. Given potential differences between the forms in transmission capability, ecology and behaviour, the findings here should be taken into account in vector control efforts in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abadi M. Mashlawi
- Department of Biology, College of ScienceJazan UniversityJazanKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Alqahtani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of TabukTabukKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara A. Abuelmaali
- National Public Health LaboratoryFederal Ministry of HealthKhartoumSudan
| | - Andrea Gloria‐Soria
- Department of Entomology, Center for Vector Biology & Zoonotic DiseasesThe Connecticut Agricultural Experiment StationNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Jassada Saingamsook
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of MedicineChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
| | - Martha Kaddumukasa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of ScienceKyambogo UniversityKampalaUganda
| | | | - Ahmed A. Abdulhaq
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical SciencesJazan UniversityJazanKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham M. Al‐Mekhlafi
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of MedicineUniversiti MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesSana'a UniversitySana'aYemen
| | - Catherine Walton
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
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6
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Soghigian J, Sither C, Justi SA, Morinaga G, Cassel BK, Vitek CJ, Livdahl T, Xia S, Gloria-Soria A, Powell JR, Zavortink T, Hardy CM, Burkett-Cadena ND, Reeves LE, Wilkerson RC, Dunn RR, Yeates DK, Sallum MA, Byrd BD, Trautwein MD, Linton YM, Reiskind MH, Wiegmann BM. Phylogenomics reveals the history of host use in mosquitoes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6252. [PMID: 37803007 PMCID: PMC10558525 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41764-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes have profoundly affected human history and continue to threaten human health through the transmission of a diverse array of pathogens. The phylogeny of mosquitoes has remained poorly characterized due to difficulty in taxonomic sampling and limited availability of genomic data beyond the most important vector species. Here, we used phylogenomic analysis of 709 single copy ortholog groups from 256 mosquito species to produce a strongly supported phylogeny that resolves the position of the major disease vector species and the major mosquito lineages. Our analyses support an origin of mosquitoes in the early Triassic (217 MYA [highest posterior density region: 188-250 MYA]), considerably older than previous estimates. Moreover, we utilize an extensive database of host associations for mosquitoes to show that mosquitoes have shifted to feeding upon the blood of mammals numerous times, and that mosquito diversification and host-use patterns within major lineages appear to coincide in earth history both with major continental drift events and with the diversification of vertebrate classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Soghigian
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Charles Sither
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Silvia Andrade Justi
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Smithsonian Institution Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, USA
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gen Morinaga
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Brian K Cassel
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Christopher J Vitek
- Center for Vector-Borne Diseases, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Todd Livdahl
- Department of Biology, Clark University, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Siyang Xia
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrea Gloria-Soria
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Entomology, Center for Vector Biology & Zoonotic Diseases, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Powell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Thomas Zavortink
- Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Nathan D Burkett-Cadena
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL, USA
| | - Lawrence E Reeves
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL, USA
| | - Richard C Wilkerson
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Smithsonian Institution Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, USA
| | - Robert R Dunn
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - David K Yeates
- Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO National Collections and Marine Infrastructure, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Maria Anice Sallum
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saude Publica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brian D Byrd
- College of Health and Human Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC, USA
| | - Michelle D Trautwein
- Entomology Department, Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yvonne-Marie Linton
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Smithsonian Institution Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, USA
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael H Reiskind
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Brian M Wiegmann
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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7
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Harbach RE, Wilkerson RC. The insupportable validity of mosquito subspecies (Diptera: Culicidae) and their exclusion from culicid classification. Zootaxa 2023; 5303:1-184. [PMID: 37518540 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5303.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Beginning about 80 years ago, the recognition of morphological varieties of mosquitoes was gradually replaced by the recognition of subspecies. As an examination of revisionary and detailed taxonomic studies of mosquitoes clearly shows, subspecies are untenable concepts which have been synonymized with nominotypical forms or recognized as distinct species. Thus, from our perspective, subspecies is not a functional or practical taxonomic rank. Consequently, in this study we critically assessed the taxonomic status of the 120 nominal taxa distinguished as subspecies before now to determine whether they should be recognized as separate species or synonymous names. As a result, 96 subspecies are formally elevated to specific rank, 22 are relegated to synonymy with nominotypical forms, one is considered a nomen dubium, one a species inquirenda and the names of four nominal species regarded as synonyms are revalidated. The subspecies and their new status are listed in a conspectus. The revalidated species include Anopheles argentinus (Brèthes, 1912), from synonymy with An. pseudopunctipennis Theobald, 1901c; An. peruvianus Tamayo, 1907, from synonymy with An. pseudopunctipennis as nomen dubium; Culex major Edwards, 1935, from synonymy with Cx. annulioris consimilis Newstead, 1907; and Trichoprosopon trichorryes (Dyar & Knab, 1907), from synonymy with Tr. compressum Lutz, 1905. Additionally, the type locality of Anopheles sergentii Theobald, 1907 is restricted to El Outaya, Biskra Province, Algeria. A complete list of species to be retained, added to or removed from the Encyclopedia of Life, with a few corrections, is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph E Harbach
- Department of Science; Natural History Museum; Cromwell Road; London SW7 5BD; UK.
| | - Richard C Wilkerson
- Department of Entomology; National Museum of Natural History; Smithsonian Institution; Washington DC 20013; USA; Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit; Museum Support Center; Smithsonian Institution; Suitland; MD 20746; USA; One Health Branch; Walter Reed Army Institute of Research; Silver Spring; MD 20910; USA.
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8
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Maynard AJ, Ambrose L, Bangs MJ, Ahmad R, Butafa C, Beebe NW. Population structure and invasion history of
Aedes aegypti
(Diptera: Culicidae) in Southeast Asia and Australasia. Evol Appl 2023; 16:849-862. [PMID: 37124090 PMCID: PMC10130559 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The dengue mosquito, Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762), is a highly invasive and medically significant vector of dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya and Zika viruses, whose global spread can be attributed to increased globalization in the 15th through 20th century. Records of the invasion history of Ae. aegypti across Southeast Asia are sparse and there is little knowledge regarding the invasion routes that the species exploited to gain a foothold in the Indo-Pacific. Likewise, a broad and geographically thorough investigation of Ae. aegypti population genetics in the Indo-Pacific is lacking, despite this region being highly impacted by diseases transmitted by this species. We assess 11 nuclear microsatellites and mitochondrial COI sequences, coupled with widespread sampling through the Indo-Pacific region to characterise population structure at a broad geographic scale. We also perform a comprehensive literature search to collate documentation of the first known records of Ae. aegypti at various locations in the Indo-Pacific. We revealed additional spatial population genetic structure of Ae. aegypti in Southeast Asia, the Indo-Pacific and Australasia compared with previous studies and find differentiation between multiple Queensland and Torres Strait Islands populations. We also detected additional genetic breaks within Australia, Indonesia and Malaysia. Characterising the structure of previously unexplored populations through this region enhances the understanding of the population structure of Ae. aegypti in Australasia and Southeast Asia and may assist predictions of future mosquito movement, informing control strategies as well as assessing the risk of new invasion pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Maynard
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Luke Ambrose
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Michael J. Bangs
- Public Health and Malaria Control ProgramInternational SOS and PT Freeport IndonesiaPapuaIndonesia
| | - Rohani Ahmad
- Medical Entomology UnitInstitute of Medical ResearchKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Charles Butafa
- National Vector Borne Diseases Control ProgramMinistry of Health and Medical ServicesHoniaraSolomon Islands
| | - Nigel W. Beebe
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- CSIRO, Dutton ParkBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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9
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Overview of Aedes aegypti and Use in Laboratory Studies. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2023; 2023:107651-pdb.top. [PMID: 36223992 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.top107651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti is a prolific disease vector. This mosquito has been the subject of scientific investigation for more than a century. Continued research into Aedes aegypti biology is crucial for understanding how to halt the suite of major arthropod-borne viral diseases this mosquito transmits. Here, we provide an introductory overview of Aedes aegypti life cycle; evolutionary history, biology, and ecology; genetics and sex differences; vector competence; and laboratory colonization and considerations for rearing this robust mosquito species for use in laboratory research.
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10
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Seok S, Raz CD, Miller JH, Malcolm AN, Eason MD, Romero-Weaver AL, Giordano BV, Jacobsen CM, Wang X, Akbari OS, Raban R, Mathias DK, Caragata EP, Vorsino AE, Chiu JC, Lee Y. Arboviral disease outbreaks, Aedes mosquitoes, and vector control efforts in the Pacific. FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2023.1035273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurring outbreaks of mosquito-borne diseases, like dengue, in the Pacific region represent a major biosecurity risk to neighboring continents through potential introductions of disease-causing pathogens. Aedes mosquitoes, highly prevalent in this region, are extremely invasive and the predominant vectors of multiple viruses including causing dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. Due to the absence of vaccines for most of these diseases, Aedes control remains a high priority for public health. Currently, international organizations put their efforts into improving mosquito surveillance programs in the Pacific region. Also, a novel biocontrol method using Wolbachia has been tried in the Pacific region to control Aedes mosquito populations. A comprehensive understanding of mosquito biology is needed to assess the risk that mosquitoes might be introduced to neighboring islands in the region and how this might impact arboviral virus transmission. As such, we present a comprehensive review of arboviral disease outbreak records as well as Aedes mosquito biology research findings relevant to the Pacific region collected from both non-scientific and scientific sources.
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11
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Laporta GZ, Potter AM, Oliveira JFA, Bourke BP, Pecor DB, Linton YM. Global Distribution of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in a Climate Change Scenario of Regional Rivalry. INSECTS 2023; 14:49. [PMID: 36661976 PMCID: PMC9860750 DOI: 10.3390/insects14010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Arboviral mosquito vectors are key targets for the surveillance and control of vector-borne diseases worldwide. In recent years, changes to the global distributions of these species have been a major research focus, aimed at predicting outbreaks of arboviral diseases. In this study, we analyzed a global scenario of climate change under regional rivalry to predict changes to these species' distributions over the next century. Using occurrence data from VectorMap and environmental variables (temperature and precipitation) from WorldClim v. 2.1, we first built fundamental niche models for both species with the boosted regression tree modelling approach. A scenario of climate change on their fundamental niche was then analyzed. The shared socioeconomic pathway scenario 3 (regional rivalry) and the global climate model Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Earth System Model v. 4.1 (GFDL-ESM4.1; gfdl.noaa.gov) were utilized for all analyses, in the following time periods: 2021-2040, 2041-2060, 2061-2080, and 2081-2100. Outcomes from these analyses showed that future climate change will affect Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus distributions in different ways across the globe. The Northern Hemisphere will have extended Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus distributions in future climate change scenarios, whereas the Southern Hemisphere will have the opposite outcomes. Europe will become more suitable for both species and their related vector-borne diseases. Loss of suitability in the Brazilian Amazon region further indicated that this tropical rainforest biome will have lower levels of precipitation to support these species in the future. Our models provide possible future scenarios to help identify locations for resource allocation and surveillance efforts before a significant threat to human health emerges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Z. Laporta
- Graduate Research and Innovation Program, Centro Universitario FMABC, Santo André 09060-870, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexander M. Potter
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Smithsonian Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD 20746, USA
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution—National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - Janeide F. A. Oliveira
- Graduate Research and Innovation Program, Centro Universitario FMABC, Santo André 09060-870, SP, Brazil
- Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Campus Crajubar, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato 63105-010, CE, Brazil
| | - Brian P. Bourke
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Smithsonian Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD 20746, USA
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution—National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - David B. Pecor
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Smithsonian Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD 20746, USA
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution—National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - Yvonne-Marie Linton
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Smithsonian Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD 20746, USA
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution—National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC 20560, USA
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12
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Gloria-Soria A. Special Collection: Highlights of Medical, Urban and Veterinary Entomology. Highlights in Medical Entomology, 2021. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:1853-1860. [PMID: 36197947 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Life remained far from normal as we completed the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic and entered a second year. Despite the challenges faced worldwide, together we continue to move the field of Medical Entomology forward. Here, I reflect on parallels between control of Covid-19 and vector-borne disease control, discuss the advantages and caveats of using new genotyping technologies for the study of invasive species, and proceed to highlight papers that were published between 2020 and 2021 with a focus on those related to mosquito surveillance and population genetics of mosquito vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gloria-Soria
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Center for Vector Biology & Zoonotic Diseases, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 21 Sachem Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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13
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Claudel I, Brouazin R, Lancelot R, Gouagna LC, Dupraz M, Baldet T, Bouyer J. Optimization of adult mosquito trap settings to monitor populations of Aedes and Culex mosquitoes, vectors of arboviruses in La Reunion. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19544. [PMID: 36380224 PMCID: PMC9666360 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Competent arbovirus vectors are found in the culicid mosquito fauna of south-west Indian Ocean (SWIO) islands. In La Reunion, Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are known vectors of dengue and chikungunya viruses. Culex quinquefasciatus is a potential vector of Rift Valley fever and West Nile viruses. To prepare a vector-control field trial against Ae. aegypti, this study aimed at identifying the best trapping strategy to catch adult Ae. aegypti, using BG-Sentinel traps (Biogents, Germany). It was implemented in two sites in southern La Reunion. Catches of Ae. albopictus and Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes were also recorded. A Latin square design was used to estimate the detection probability and the apparent daily density-according to the BG-Sentinel trapping strategy: none, carbon dioxide (CO2), a commercial attractant-BG-Lure (Biogents, Germany), or both. The use of CO2 alone was associated with a higher detection probability for Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes, as well as a large increase in their apparent density. Traps with BG-Lure-alone or in combination with CO2, did not improve the detection probability of Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. The same result was found for male Ae. albopictus. For females, baiting BG-Sentinel traps with CO2 or BG-Lure had no significant effect. The same apparent densities were found for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes in both study sites-where Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were found at very low densities during previous surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Claudel
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141UMR Mivegec (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle), IRD-CNRS-Univ. Montpellier, 97410 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion France
| | - Ronan Brouazin
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141UMR Mivegec (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle), IRD-CNRS-Univ. Montpellier, 97410 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion France
| | - Renaud Lancelot
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141UMR Astre (Animals, Health, Territories, Risks, Ecosystems), Cirad, Inrae, Univ. Montpellier, 34398 Montpellier, France ,grid.8183.20000 0001 2153 9871Cirad, UMR Astre, 97491 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion France
| | | | - Marlène Dupraz
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141UMR Astre (Animals, Health, Territories, Risks, Ecosystems), Cirad, Inrae, Univ. Montpellier, 34398 Montpellier, France ,grid.8183.20000 0001 2153 9871Cirad, UMR Astre, 97491 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion France
| | - Thierry Baldet
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141UMR Astre (Animals, Health, Territories, Risks, Ecosystems), Cirad, Inrae, Univ. Montpellier, 34398 Montpellier, France ,grid.8183.20000 0001 2153 9871Cirad, UMR Astre, 97491 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion France
| | - Jérémy Bouyer
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141UMR Astre (Animals, Health, Territories, Risks, Ecosystems), Cirad, Inrae, Univ. Montpellier, 34398 Montpellier, France ,grid.420221.70000 0004 0403 8399Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA Vienna, Wagramer Strasse 5, 1400 Vienna, Austria
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14
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Brouazin R, Claudel I, Lancelot R, Dupuy G, Gouagna LC, Dupraz M, Baldet T, Bouyer J. Optimization of oviposition trap settings to monitor populations of Aedes mosquitoes, vectors of arboviruses in La Reunion. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18450. [PMID: 36323764 PMCID: PMC9630495 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Several dengue epidemics recently occurred in La Reunion, an island harboring two dengue viruses (DVs) vectors: Aedes albopictus, and Ae. aegypti, the former being the main local DV vector. Aedes aegypti shows a peculiar ecology, compared to other tropical populations of the same species. This study aimed to provide researchers and public-health users with locally validated oviposition traps (ovitraps) to monitor Aedes populations. A field experiment was performed in Saint-Joseph to assess the effect of different settings on the detection probability and apparent density of Aedes mosquitoes. Black plastic ovitraps were identified as the best choice. Vacoa trees (Pandanus utilis) were the only observed breeding sites for Ae. aegypti, shared with Ae. albopictus. They were the experimental units in a Latin square design with three factors: trap position in the trees (ground vs canopy), oviposition surface in the trap (blotting paper vs. vacoa leaf), and addition of organic matter to the trap water. The latter factor was found unimportant. On the ground, Ae. aegypti eggs were only found with vacoa leaves as the oviposition surface. Their detection and apparent density increased when ovitraps were located in the tree canopy. The main factor for Ae. albopictus was the oviposition surface, with a preference for blotting paper. In all trap settings, their detection was close to 100%. Larval survival was lower for a high egg density, combined with blotting paper as the oviposition surface. When monitoring mixed Aedes populations in La Reunion, we recommend using black plastic ovitraps, placed at 1.50-to-2.00-m high in vacoa trees, with vacoa leaves as the oviposition surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Brouazin
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141UMR Mivegec (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle), IRD-CNRS-Univ. Montpellier, 97410 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion France
| | - Iris Claudel
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141UMR Mivegec (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle), IRD-CNRS-Univ. Montpellier, 97410 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion France
| | - Renaud Lancelot
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141UMR Astre (Animals, Health, Territories, Risks, Ecosystems), Cirad, Inrae, Univ. Montpellier, 34398 Montpellier, France ,grid.8183.20000 0001 2153 9871Cirad, UMR Astre, 97491 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion France
| | - Guillaume Dupuy
- ARS Réunion, Service de Lutte Anti-Vectorielle, Saint-Denis, La Réunion France
| | | | - Marlène Dupraz
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141UMR Astre (Animals, Health, Territories, Risks, Ecosystems), Cirad, Inrae, Univ. Montpellier, 34398 Montpellier, France ,grid.8183.20000 0001 2153 9871Cirad, UMR Astre, 97491 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion France
| | - Thierry Baldet
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141UMR Astre (Animals, Health, Territories, Risks, Ecosystems), Cirad, Inrae, Univ. Montpellier, 34398 Montpellier, France ,grid.8183.20000 0001 2153 9871Cirad, UMR Astre, 97491 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion France
| | - Jérémy Bouyer
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141UMR Astre (Animals, Health, Territories, Risks, Ecosystems), Cirad, Inrae, Univ. Montpellier, 34398 Montpellier, France ,grid.420221.70000 0004 0403 8399Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA Vienna, Wagramer Strasse 5, 1400 Vienna, Austria
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15
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Scolari F, Girella A, Croce AC. Imaging and spectral analysis of autofluorescence patterns in larval head structures of mosquito vectors. Eur J Histochem 2022; 66. [PMID: 36128772 PMCID: PMC9528535 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2022.3462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Autofluorescence (AF) in mosquitoes is currently poorly explored, despite its great potential as a marker of body structures and biological functions. Here, for the first time AF in larval heads of two mosquitoes of key public health importance, Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens, is studied using fluorescence imaging and spectrofluorometry, similarly to a label-free histochemical approach. In generally conserved distribution patterns, AF shows differences between mouth brushes and antennae of the two species. The blue AF ascribable to resilin at the antennal bases, more extended in Cx. pipiens, suggests a potential need to support different antennal movements. The AF spectra larger in Cx. pipiens indicate a variability in material composition and properties likely relatable to mosquito biology, including diverse feeding and locomotion behaviours with implications for vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Scolari
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pavia.
| | - Alessandro Girella
- Department of Chemistry - C.S.G.I., University of Pavia; Centro Interdipartimentale di Studi e Ricerche per la Conservazione del Patrimonio Culturale (CISRiC), University of Pavia.
| | - Anna Cleta Croce
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pavia.
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16
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Ernawan B, Anggraeni T, Yusmalinar S, Sasmita HI, Fitrianto N, Ahmad I. Assessment of Compaction, Temperature, and Duration Factors for Packaging and Transporting of Sterile Male Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) under Laboratory Conditions. INSECTS 2022; 13:847. [PMID: 36135548 PMCID: PMC9501006 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Optimized conditions for the packaging and transportation of sterile males are crucial factors in successful SIT programs against mosquito vector-borne diseases. The factors influencing the quality of sterile males in packages during transportation need to be assessed to develop standard protocols. This study was aimed to investigate the impact of compaction, temperature, and duration factors during packaging and transportation on the quality of gamma-sterilized male Ae. aegypti. Aedes aegypti males were sterilized at a dose of 70 Gy, compacted into Falcon tubes with densities of 40, 80, and 120 males/2 mL; and then exposed to temperatures of 7, 14, 21, and 28 °C. Each temperature setup was held for a duration of 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h at a 60 rpm constant vibration to simulate transportation. The parameters of mortality, flight ability, induced sterility, and longevity were investigated. Results showed that increases in density, temperature, and duration significantly increased mortality and reduced flight ability and longevity, but none of the factors significantly affected induced sterility. With a mortality rate of less than 20%, an escaping rate of more than 70%, considerable longevity, and the most negligible effect on induced sterility (approximately 98%), a temperature of 7 °C and a compaction density of 80 males/2 mL were shown to be optimized conditions for short-term transportation (no more than 24 h) with the minimum adverse effects compared with other condition setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beni Ernawan
- Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), School of Life Sciences and Technology, Jalan Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
- Research Center for Radiation Process Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), Jalan Lebak Bulus Raya No. 49, Jakarta 12440, Indonesia
| | - Tjandra Anggraeni
- Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), School of Life Sciences and Technology, Jalan Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Sri Yusmalinar
- Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), School of Life Sciences and Technology, Jalan Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Hadian Iman Sasmita
- Research Center for Radiation Process Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), Jalan Lebak Bulus Raya No. 49, Jakarta 12440, Indonesia
| | - Nur Fitrianto
- Research Center for Radiation Process Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), Jalan Lebak Bulus Raya No. 49, Jakarta 12440, Indonesia
| | - Intan Ahmad
- Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), School of Life Sciences and Technology, Jalan Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
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17
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Gloria-Soria A, Faraji A, Hamik J, White G, Amsberry S, Donahue M, Buss B, Pless E, Cosme LV, Powell JR. Origins of high latitude introductions of Aedes aegypti to Nebraska and Utah during 2019. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 103:105333. [PMID: 35817397 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti (L.), the yellow fever mosquito, is also an important vector of dengue and Zika viruses, and an invasive species in North America. Aedes aegypti inhabits tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world and in North America is primarily distributed throughout the southern US states and Mexico. The northern range of Ae. aegypti is limited by cold winter months and establishment in these areas has been mostly unsuccessful. However, frequent introductions of Ae. aegypti to temperate, non-endemic areas during the warmer months can lead to seasonal activity and disease outbreaks. Two Ae. aegypti incursions were reported in the late summer of 2019 into York, Nebraska and Moab, Utah. These states had no history of established populations of this mosquito and no evidence of previous seasonal activity. We genotyped a subset of individuals from each location at 12 microsatellite loci and ~ 14,000 single nucleotide polymorphic markers to determine their genetic affinities to other populations worldwide and investigate their potential source of introduction. Our results support a single origin for each of the introductions from different sources. Aedes aegypti from Utah likely derived from Tucson, Arizona, or a nearby location. Nebraska specimen results were not as conclusive, but point to an origin from southcentral or southeastern US. In addition to an effective, efficient, and sustainable control of invasive mosquitoes, such as Ae. aegypti, identifying the potential routes of introduction will be key to prevent future incursions and assess their potential health threat based on the ability of the source population to transmit a particular virus and its insecticide resistance profile, which may complicate vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gloria-Soria
- Department of Entomology, Center for Vector Biology & Zoonotic Diseases, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, P.O. Box 1106, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Yale University, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 21 Sachem Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Ary Faraji
- Salt Lake City Mosquito Abatement District, 2215 North 2200 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116-1108, USA.
| | - Jeff Hamik
- Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services, Epidemiology and Informatics Unit, 301 Centennial Mall South, Lincoln, NE 68509, USA; University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Educational Psychology, 114 Teachers College Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
| | - Gregory White
- Salt Lake City Mosquito Abatement District, 2215 North 2200 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116-1108, USA.
| | - Shanon Amsberry
- Moab Mosquito Abatement District, 1000 Sand Flats Rd, Moab, UT 84532, USA.
| | - Matthew Donahue
- Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services, Epidemiology and Informatics Unit, 301 Centennial Mall South, Lincoln, NE 68509, USA; Epidemic Intelligence Service, CDC, USA.
| | - Bryan Buss
- Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services, Epidemiology and Informatics Unit, 301 Centennial Mall South, Lincoln, NE 68509, USA; Career Epidemiology Field Officer Program, Division of State and Local Readiness, Center for Preparedness and Response, CDC, USA.
| | | | - Luciano Veiga Cosme
- Yale University, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 21 Sachem Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Jeffrey R Powell
- Yale University, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 21 Sachem Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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18
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Penaud B, Laurent B, Milhes M, Noüs C, Ehrenmann F, Dutech C. SNP4OrphanSpecies: A bioinformatics pipeline to isolate molecular markers for studying genetic diversity of orphan species. Biodivers Data J 2022; 10:e85587. [PMID: 36761595 PMCID: PMC9848450 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.10.e85587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For several decades, an increase in disease or pest emergences due to anthropogenic introduction or environmental changes has been recorded. This increase leads to serious threats to the genetic and species diversity of numerous ecosystems. Many of these events involve species with poor or no genomic resources (called here "orphan species"). This lack of resources is a serious limitation to our understanding of the origin of emergent populations, their ability to adapt to new environments and to predict future consequences to biodiversity. Analyses of genetic diversity are an efficient method to obtain this information rapidly, but require available polymorphic genetic markers. New information We developed a generic bioinformatics pipeline to rapidly isolate such markers with the goal for the pipeline to be applied in studies of invasive taxa from different taxonomic groups, with a special focus on forest fungal pathogens and insect pests. This pipeline is based on: 1) an automated de novo genome assembly obtained from shotgun whole genome sequencing using paired-end Illumina technology; 2) the isolation of single-copy genes conserved in species related to the studied emergent organisms; 3) primer development for multiplexed short sequences obtained from these conserved genes. Previous studies have shown that intronic regions of these conserved genes generally contain several single nucleotide polymorphisms within species. The pipeline's functionality was evaluated with sequenced genomes of five invasive or expanding pathogen and pest species in Europe (Armillariaostoyae (Romagn.) Herink 1973, Bursaphelenchusxylophilus Steiner & Buhrer 1934, Sphaeropsissapinea (fr.) Dicko & B. Sutton 1980, Erysiphealphitoides (Griffon & Maubl.) U. Braun & S. Takam. 2000, Thaumetopoeapityocampa Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775). We successfully isolated several pools of one hundred short gene regions for each assembled genome, which can be amplified in multiplex. The bioinformatics pipeline is user-friendly and requires little computational resources. This easy-to-set-up and run method for genetic marker identification will be useful for numerous laboratories studying biological invasions, but with limited resources and expertise in bioinformatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Penaud
- BIOGECO, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, 33610 Cestas, FranceBIOGECO, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux33610 CestasFrance
| | - Benoit Laurent
- BIOGECO, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, 33610 Cestas, FranceBIOGECO, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux33610 CestasFrance
| | - Marine Milhes
- INRAE, US 1426, GeT-PlaGe, Genotoul, Castanet-Tolosan, FranceINRAE, US 1426, GeT-PlaGe, GenotoulCastanet-TolosanFrance
| | - Camille Noüs
- Laboratoire Cogitamus, Bordeaux, FranceLaboratoire CogitamusBordeauxFrance
| | - François Ehrenmann
- BIOGECO, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, 33610 Cestas, FranceBIOGECO, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux33610 CestasFrance
| | - Cyril Dutech
- BIOGECO, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, 33610 Cestas, FranceBIOGECO, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux33610 CestasFrance
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19
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Bonds JAS, Collins CM, Gouagna L. Could species-focused suppression of Aedes aegypti, the yellow fever mosquito, and Aedes albopictus, the tiger mosquito, affect interacting predators? An evidence synthesis from the literature. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:2729-2745. [PMID: 35294802 PMCID: PMC9323472 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The risks of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus nuisance and vector-borne diseases are rising and the adverse effects of broad-spectrum insecticide application have promoted species-specific techniques, such as sterile insect technique (SIT) and other genetic strategies, as contenders in their control operations. When specific vector suppression is proposed, potential effects on predators and wider ecosystem are some of the first stakeholder questions. These are not the only Aedes vectors of human diseases, but are those for which SIT and genetic strategies are of most interest. They vary ecologically and in habitat origin, but both have behaviorally human-adapted forms with expanding ranges. The aquatic life stages are where predation is strongest due to greater resource predictability and limited escape opportunity. These vectors' anthropic forms usually use ephemeral water bodies and man-made containers as larval habitats; predators that occur in these are mobile, opportunistic and generalist. No literature indicates that any predator depends on larvae of either species. As adults, foraging theory predicts these mosquitoes are of low profitability to predators. Energy expended hunting and consuming will mostly outweigh their energetic benefit. Moreover, as adult biomass is mobile and largely disaggregated, any predator is likely to be a generalist and opportunist. This work, which summarizes much of the literature currently available on the predators of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, indicates it is highly unlikely that any predator species depends on them. Species-specific vector control to reduce nuisance and disease is thus likely to be of negligible or limited impact on nontarget predators. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Louis‐Clément Gouagna
- UMR MIVEGEC (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle)IRD‐CNRS‐Univ. MontpellierMontpellierFrance
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20
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Rodhain F. Yellow Fever: A Brief History of a Tropical Virosis. Presse Med 2022; 51:104132. [PMID: 35667600 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2022.104132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever is a zoonotic arbovirosis, the agent of which is transmitted by mosquitoes. In humans, this virus can cause hemorrhagic hepato-nephritis, while mild or inapparent infections are common. The catastrophic epidemics that occurred, mainly in the 18th and the 19th centuries, in Latin America and the United States as well as in the port cities of West Africa and Europe, had considerable demographic, socio-economic and political repercussions. The viral nature of the infectious agent and its transmission by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, previously suspected by Beauperthuy, were demonstrated by Carlos Finlay in 1881 and confirmed by the American Commission led by Walter Reed in Havana in 1900 and by the French Commission led by Emile Marchoux in Rio de Janeiro in 1901-1905. The control of Ae. aegypti could then be implemented effectively. It was only in 1927 that the yellow fever virus was isolated in Africa, its continent of origin, by French researchers from the Pasteur Institute in Dakar and by the American and English teams of the Rockefeller Foundation. Soon after, epidemiologists realized that there were forest cycles of the virus, involving monkeys and vectors other than Ae. aegypti, and consequently recognized the existence of a wild reservoir of the virus. Once the virus was isolated, work on vaccine development could begin. This research was carried out by the Institut Pasteur in Dakar and by the Rockefeller Foundation. The two teams succeeded in obtaining two live vaccines conferring excellent and long-lasting protection: the neurotropic "Dakar" vaccine (1934) and the "Rockefeller" 17D vaccine (1937), which was better tolerated. From then on, the fight against of yellow fever involved entomological control and vaccine protection, and it was a huge success until the 1960s. Unfortunately, the control programs were gradually reduced, and in some countries terminated. This resulted in the return of Ae. aegypti in urban areas and in insufficient vaccination coverage. Risks of epidemics reappeared, in Latin America as well as Africa. In the early 21st century, epidemiologists are worried about these resurgences, especially since we still have no indisputable explanation for the absence of the disease on the Asian continent. Obviously, yellow fever is not a disease of the past.
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21
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Elnour MAB, Gloria-Soria A, Azrag RS, Alkhaibari AM, Powell JR, Salim B. Population Genetic Analysis of Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes From Sudan Revealed Recent Independent Colonization Events by the Two Subspecies. Front Genet 2022; 13:825652. [PMID: 35251133 PMCID: PMC8889412 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.825652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increases in arbovirus outbreaks in Sudan are vectored by Aedes aegypti, raising the medical importance of this mosquito. We genotyped 12 microsatellite loci in four populations of Ae. aegypti from Sudan, two from the East and two from the West, and analyzed them together with a previously published database of 31 worldwide populations to infer population structure and investigate the demographic history of this species in Sudan. Our results revealed the presence of two genetically distinct subspecies of Ae. aegypti in Sudan. These are Ae. aegypti aegypti in Eastern Sudan and Ae. aegypti formosus in Western Sudan. Clustering analysis showed that mosquitoes from East Sudan are genetically homogeneous, while we found population substructure in West Sudan. In the global context our results indicate that Eastern Sudan populations are genetically closer to Asian and American populations, while Western Sudan populations are related to East and West African populations. Approximate Bayesian Computation Analysis supports a scenario in which Ae. aegypti entered Sudan in at least two independent occasions nearly 70–80 years ago. This study provides a baseline database that can be used to determine the likely origin of new introductions for this invasive species into Sudan. The presence of the two subspecies in the country should be consider when designing interventions, since they display different behaviors regarding epidemiologically relevant parameters, such as blood feeding preferences and ability to transmit disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed-Ahmed B. Elnour
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, National Center for Research, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Andrea Gloria-Soria
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Rasha S. Azrag
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Abeer M. Alkhaibari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jeffrey R. Powell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Bashir Salim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, Sudan
- *Correspondence: Bashir Salim,
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22
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Kozhar O, Kim M, Ibarra Caballero J, Klopfenstein NB, Cannon PG, Stewart JE. Long evolutionary history of an emerging fungal pathogen of diverse tree species in eastern Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:2013-2031. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.16384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kozhar
- Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Mee‐Sook Kim
- USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station Corvallis OR USA
| | | | | | - Phil G. Cannon
- USDA Forest Service Forest Health Protection Vallejo CA USA
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23
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Viglietta M, Bellone R, Blisnick AA, Failloux AB. Vector Specificity of Arbovirus Transmission. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:773211. [PMID: 34956136 PMCID: PMC8696169 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.773211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 25% of human infectious diseases are vector-borne diseases (VBDs). These diseases, caused by pathogens shared between animals and humans, are a growing threat to global health with more than 2.5 million annual deaths. Mosquitoes and ticks are the main vectors of arboviruses including flaviviruses, which greatly affect humans. However, all tick or mosquito species are not able to transmit all viruses, suggesting important molecular mechanisms regulating viral infection, dissemination, and transmission by vectors. Despite the large distribution of arthropods (mosquitoes and ticks) and arboviruses, only a few pairings of arthropods (family, genus, and population) and viruses (family, genus, and genotype) successfully transmit. Here, we review the factors that might limit pathogen transmission: internal (vector genetics, immune responses, microbiome including insect-specific viruses, and coinfections) and external, either biotic (adult and larvae nutrition) or abiotic (temperature, chemicals, and altitude). This review will demonstrate the dynamic nature and complexity of virus–vector interactions to help in designing appropriate practices in surveillance and prevention to reduce VBD threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Viglietta
- Unit of Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Rachel Bellone
- Unit of Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Adrien Albert Blisnick
- Unit of Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Anna-Bella Failloux
- Unit of Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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24
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Xia S, Dweck HKM, Lutomiah J, Sang R, McBride CS, Rose NH, Ayala D, Powell JR. Larval sites of the mosquito Aedes aegypti formosus in forest and domestic habitats in Africa and the potential association with oviposition evolution. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:16327-16343. [PMID: 34824830 PMCID: PMC8601902 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptations to anthropogenic domestic habitats contribute to the success of the mosquito Aedes aegypti as a major global vector of several arboviral diseases. The species inhabited African forests before expanding into domestic habitats and spreading to other continents. Despite a well-studied evolutionary history, how this species initially moved into human settlements in Africa remains unclear. During this initial habitat transition, African Ae. aegypti switched their larval sites from natural water containers like tree holes to artificial containers like clay pots. Little is known about how these natural versus artificial containers differ in their characteristics. Filling this knowledge gap could provide valuable information for studying the evolution of Ae. aegypti associated with larval habitat changes. As an initial effort, in this study, we characterized the microenvironments of Ae. aegypti larval sites in forest and domestic habitats in two African localities: La Lopé, Gabon, and Rabai, Kenya. Specifically, we measured the physical characteristics, microbial density, bacterial composition, and volatile chemical profiles of multiple larval sites. In both localities, comparisons between natural containers in the forests and artificial containers in the villages revealed significantly different microenvironments. We next examined whether the between-habitat differences in larval site microenvironments lead to differences in oviposition, a key behavior affecting larval distribution. Forest Ae. aegypti readily accepted the artificial containers we placed in the forests. Laboratory choice experiments also did not find distinct oviposition preferences between forest and village Ae. aegypti colonies. These results suggested that African Ae. aegypti are likely generalists in their larval site choices. This flexibility to accept various containers with a wide range of physical, microbial, and chemical conditions might allow Ae. aegypti to use human-stored water as fallback larval sites during dry seasons, which is hypothesized to have initiated the domestic evolution of Ae. aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Xia
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Hany K. M. Dweck
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Joel Lutomiah
- Arbovirus/Viral Hemorrhagic Fever LaboratoryCenter for Virus ResearchKenya Medical Research InstituteNairobiKenya
| | - Rosemary Sang
- Arbovirus/Viral Hemorrhagic Fever LaboratoryCenter for Virus ResearchKenya Medical Research InstituteNairobiKenya
| | - Carolyn S. McBride
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
- Princeton Neuroscience InstitutePrinceton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
| | - Noah H. Rose
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
- Princeton Neuroscience InstitutePrinceton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
| | - Diego Ayala
- UMR MIVEGECUniv. MontpellierCNRSIRDMontpellierFrance
- CIRMFFrancevilleGabon
| | - Jeffrey R. Powell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
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25
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Nazareno AG, Knowles LL. There Is No 'Rule of Thumb': Genomic Filter Settings for a Small Plant Population to Obtain Unbiased Gene Flow Estimates. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:677009. [PMID: 34721447 PMCID: PMC8551369 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.677009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The application of high-density polymorphic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) markers derived from high-throughput sequencing methods has heralded plenty of biological questions about the linkages of processes operating at micro- and macroevolutionary scales. However, the effects of SNP filtering practices on population genetic inference have received much less attention. By performing sensitivity analyses, we empirically investigated how decisions about the percentage of missing data (MD) and the minor allele frequency (MAF) set in bioinformatic processing of genomic data affect direct (i.e., parentage analysis) and indirect (i.e., fine-scale spatial genetic structure - SGS) gene flow estimates. We focus specifically on these manifestations in small plant populations, and particularly, in the rare tropical plant species Dinizia jueirana-facao, where assumptions implicit to analytical procedures for accurate estimates of gene flow may not hold. Avoiding biases in dispersal estimates are essential given this species is facing extinction risks due to habitat loss, and so we also investigate the effects of forest fragmentation on the accuracy of dispersal estimates under different filtering criteria by testing for recent decrease in the scale of gene flow. Our sensitivity analyses demonstrate that gene flow estimates are robust to different setting of MAF (0.05-0.35) and MD (0-20%). Comparing the direct and indirect estimates of dispersal, we find that contemporary estimates of gene dispersal distance (σ r t = 41.8 m) was ∼ fourfold smaller than the historical estimates, supporting the hypothesis of a temporal shift in the scale of gene flow in D. jueirana-facao, which is consistent with predictions based on recent, dramatic forest fragmentation process. While we identified settings for filtering genomic data to avoid biases in gene flow estimates, we stress that there is no 'rule of thumb' for bioinformatic filtering and that relying on default program settings is not advisable. Instead, we suggest that the approach implemented here be applied independently in each separate empirical study to confirm appropriate settings to obtain unbiased population genetics estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison G. Nazareno
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - L. Lacey Knowles
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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26
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Stone CM. Highlights of Medical Entomology, 2020. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:2006-2011. [PMID: 34342359 PMCID: PMC8385844 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Medical Entomology as a field is inherently global - thriving on international and interdisciplinary collaborations and affected dramatically by arthropod and pathogen invasions and introductions. This past year also will be remembered as the year in which the SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 pandemic affected every part of our lives and professional activities and impacted (or changed, sometimes in good ways) our ability to collaborate and detect or respond to invasions. This incredible year is the backdrop for the 2020 Highlights in Medical Entomology. This article highlights the broad scope of approaches and disciplines represented in the 2020 published literature, ranging from sensory and chemical ecology, population genetics, impacts of human-mediated environmental change on vector ecology, life history and the evolution of vector behaviors, to the latest developments in vector surveillance and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris M Stone
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1816 S. Oak Drive, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
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27
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Spadar A, Phelan JE, Benavente ED, Campos M, Gomez LF, Mohareb F, Clark TG, Campino S. Flavivirus integrations in Aedes aegypti are limited and highly conserved across samples from different geographic regions unlike integrations in Aedes albopictus. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:332. [PMID: 34174947 PMCID: PMC8235865 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04828-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes of the genus Aedes are the main vectors of many viruses, e.g. dengue and Zika, which affect millions of people each year and for which there are limited treatment options. Understanding how Aedes mosquitoes tolerate high viral loads may lead to better disease control strategies. Elucidating endogenous viral elements (EVEs) within vector genomes may give exploitable biological insights. Previous studies have reported the presence of a large number of EVEs in Aedes genomes. Here we investigated if flavivirus EVEs are conserved across populations and different Aedes species by using ~ 500 whole genome sequence libraries from Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, sourced from colonies and field mosquitoes across continents. We found that nearly all flavivirus EVEs in the Ae. aegypti reference genome originate from four separate putative viral integration events, and that they are highly conserved across geographically diverse samples. By contrast, flavivirus EVEs in the Ae. albopictus reference genome originate from up to nine distinct integration events and show low levels of conservation, even within samples from narrow geographical ranges. Our analysis suggests that flaviviruses integrated as long sequences and were subsequently fragmented and shuffled by transposable elements. Given that EVEs of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus belong to different phylogenetic clades and have very differing levels of conservation, they may have different evolutionary origins and potentially different functional roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Spadar
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jody E Phelan
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ernest Diez Benavente
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Monica Campos
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Lara Ferrero Gomez
- Unidade de Ciências da Natureza, da Vida e do Ambiente, Universidade Jean Piaget de Cabo Verde, Praia, Cabo Verde
| | - Fady Mohareb
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Bedford, UK
| | - Taane G Clark
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Susana Campino
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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28
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Muturi EJ, Dunlap C, Tchouassi DP, Swanson J. Next generation sequencing approach for simultaneous identification of mosquitoes and their blood-meal hosts. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2021; 46:116-121. [PMID: 35229589 DOI: 10.52707/1081-1710-46.1.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ephantus J Muturi
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A.,
| | - Christopher Dunlap
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A
| | - David P Tchouassi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jack Swanson
- Illinois Department of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health, Springfield, IL 62761, U.S.A
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29
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Ndiaye E, Ould Mohamed Salem Boukhary A, Diallo M, Diallo D, Labbo R, Boussès P, Le Goff G, Robert V. [Mosquitoes, Distribution and Specific Richness in Eight Countries of Africa: Cape Verde, Mauritania, Senegal, Gambia, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger and Chad]. MEDECINE TROPICALE ET SANTE INTERNATIONALE 2021; 1:mtsibulletin.2021.109. [PMID: 35586589 PMCID: PMC9022770 DOI: 10.48327/mtsibulletin.2021.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) form a family of insects of considerable public health importance. Mention of their presence/absence was tackled in the literature and by specialized websites for eight African countries: Cape Verde, Mauritania, Senegal, Gambia, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger and Chad. In total, 216 species have been recorded belonging to 13 genera: Anopheles (48 species), Aedeomyia (2), Aedes (62), Coquillettidia (6), Culex (54), Culiseta (1), Eretmapodites (7), Ficalbia (3), Lutzia (1), Mansonia (2), Mimomyia (7), Toxorhynchites (4) and Uranotaenia (19). The presence of these species in the study area is certain except for three species whose presence is doubtful. This specific richness represents 6% of the world's richness. The countries with the highest specific richness are Burkina Faso (162 species), Senegal (143) and Mali (110); the country with the lowest richness is Cape Verde (11). This richness is lower in the north in hyper-arid climate and higher in the south in sub-humid climate. Chad is the least well inventoried country. All species are considered native, with the exception of Ae. (Stegomyia ) albopictus (the Asian tiger mosquito) introduced in 2016 into Mali and possibly Ae. (Ochlerotatus ) caspius into Mauritania and Ae. (Stg. ) aegypti introduced into Nouakchott, Mauritania. This synthesis of the knowledge may be useful for vector control, public health, and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.H. Ndiaye
- Pôle de zoologie médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, B.P. 220, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - A. Ould Mohamed Salem Boukhary
- Université de Nouakchott Al-Aasriya, Unité de recherche génomes et milieux (jeune équipe associée à l'IRD), Laboratoire environnement, santé et société LE2S, BP 880, Nouakchott, Mauritanie; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - M. Diallo
- Pôle de zoologie médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, B.P. 220, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - D. Diallo
- Pôle de zoologie médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, B.P. 220, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - R. Labbo
- Centre de recherche médicale et sanitaire (CERMES), BP 10887, Niamey, Niger
| | - P. Boussès
- Unité MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - G. Le Goff
- Unité MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - V. Robert
- Unité MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France,*
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30
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Xia S. Laboratory Oviposition Choice of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) From Kenya and Gabon: Effects of Conspecific Larvae, Salinity, Shading, and Microbiome. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:1021-1029. [PMID: 33511408 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.) is the primary vector of several arboviruses. Mosquito control and surveillance are essential to restrict disease transmission, the effectiveness of which depends on our understanding of the mosquito's behaviors, including oviposition. Previous studies have identified a variety of oviposition cues. However, most of these studies involved only Ae. aegypti outside of the species' native range, Africa. Populations outside Africa differ in their genetics and some behaviors from their African counterparts, suggesting possibly different oviposition preferences. Within Africa, Ae. aegypti can be found in both ancestral forest habitats and domestic habitats. The African domestic populations may represent an intermediate state between the forest and the truly domesticated non-African populations. Comparing mosquitoes from these three habitats (African forest, African domestic, and non-African domestic) might provide insight into the evolution of oviposition behavior. In this study, I examined the oviposition choices of multiple Ae. aegypti colonies from all three habitats in laboratory settings. I applied a two-choice assay to test four oviposition cues: the preexistence of conspecific larvae, salinity, shading, and microbiome. A subset of African colonies showed similar oviposition choices as their non-African counterparts, whereas the rest show little response to the factors tested. Within the African colonies, oviposition choices of the domestic colonies were significantly different from the forest colonies in most experiments. Yet, their preferences were not always intermediate between that of mosquitoes from the other two habitats. Collectively, this study adds to our understanding of Ae. aegypti oviposition, especially in previously understudied African populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Xia
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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31
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Ramasamy R, Thiruchenthooran V, Jayadas TTP, Eswaramohan T, Santhirasegaram S, Sivabalakrishnan K, Naguleswaran A, Uzest M, Cayrol B, Voisin SN, Bulet P, Surendran SN. Transcriptomic, proteomic and ultrastructural studies on salinity-tolerant Aedes aegypti in the context of rising sea levels and arboviral disease epidemiology. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:253. [PMID: 33836668 PMCID: PMC8034070 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07564-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes aegypti mosquito, the principal global vector of arboviral diseases, lays eggs and undergoes larval and pupal development to become adult mosquitoes in fresh water (FW). It has recently been observed to develop in coastal brackish water (BW) habitats of up to 50% sea water, and such salinity tolerance shown to be an inheritable trait. Genomics of salinity tolerance in Ae. aegypti has not been previously studied, but it is of fundamental biological interest and important for controlling arboviral diseases in the context of rising sea levels increasing coastal ground water salinity. RESULTS BW- and FW-Ae. aegypti were compared by RNA-seq analysis on the gut, anal papillae and rest of the carcass in fourth instar larvae (L4), proteomics of cuticles shed when L4 metamorphose into pupae, and transmission electron microscopy of cuticles in L4 and adults. Genes for specific cuticle proteins, signalling proteins, moulting hormone-related proteins, membrane transporters, enzymes involved in cuticle metabolism, and cytochrome P450 showed different mRNA levels in BW and FW L4 tissues. The salinity-tolerant Ae. aegypti were also characterized by altered L4 cuticle proteomics and changes in cuticle ultrastructure of L4 and adults. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide new information on molecular and ultrastructural changes associated with salinity adaptation in FW mosquitoes. Changes in cuticles of larvae and adults of salinity-tolerant Ae. aegypti are expected to reduce the efficacy of insecticides used for controlling arboviral diseases. Expansion of coastal BW habitats and their neglect for control measures facilitates the spread of salinity-tolerant Ae. aegypti and genes for salinity tolerance. The transmission of arboviral diseases can therefore be amplified in multiple ways by salinity-tolerant Ae. aegypti and requires appropriate mitigating measures. The findings in Ae. aegypti have attendant implications for the development of salinity tolerance in other fresh water mosquito vectors and the diseases they transmit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan Ramasamy
- ID-FISH Technology Inc., Milpitas, CA, 95035, USA. .,Department of Zoology, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, Sri Lanka.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marilyne Uzest
- UMR BGPI, University of Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Bastien Cayrol
- UMR BGPI, University of Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Philippe Bulet
- Platform BioPark Archamps, Archamps, France.,CR Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble, France
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32
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Crava CM, Varghese FS, Pischedda E, Halbach R, Palatini U, Marconcini M, Gasmi L, Redmond S, Afrane Y, Ayala D, Paupy C, Carballar‐Lejarazu R, Miesen P, van Rij RP, Bonizzoni M. Population genomics in the arboviral vector Aedes aegypti reveals the genomic architecture and evolution of endogenous viral elements. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:1594-1611. [PMID: 33432714 PMCID: PMC8048955 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Horizontal gene transfer from viruses to eukaryotic cells is a pervasive phenomenon. Somatic viral integrations are linked to persistent viral infection whereas integrations into germline cells are maintained in host genomes by vertical transmission and may be co-opted for host functions. In the arboviral vector Aedes aegypti, an endogenous viral element from a nonretroviral RNA virus (nrEVE) was shown to produce PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) to limit infection with a cognate virus. Thus, nrEVEs may constitute a heritable, sequence-specific mechanism for antiviral immunity, analogous to piRNA-mediated silencing of transposable elements. Here, we combine population genomics and evolutionary approaches to analyse the genomic architecture of nrEVEs in A. aegypti. We conducted a genome-wide screen for adaptive nrEVEs and searched for novel population-specific nrEVEs in the genomes of 80 individual wild-caught mosquitoes from five geographical populations. We show a dynamic landscape of nrEVEs in mosquito genomes and identified five novel nrEVEs derived from two currently circulating viruses, providing evidence of the environmental-dependent modification of a piRNA cluster. Overall, our results show that virus endogenization events are complex with only a few nrEVEs contributing to adaptive evolution in A. aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M. Crava
- Department of Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
- Present address:
Institute of Biotechnology and BiomedicineUniversitat de ValènciaBurjassotSpain
| | - Finny S. Varghese
- Department of Medical MicrobiologyRadboud University Medical CenterRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Elisa Pischedda
- Department of Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Rebecca Halbach
- Department of Medical MicrobiologyRadboud University Medical CenterRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Umberto Palatini
- Department of Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | | | - Leila Gasmi
- Department of Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Seth Redmond
- Institute of Vector Borne DiseaseMonash UniversityAustralia
| | - Yaw Afrane
- Department of Medical MicrobiologyUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana
| | - Diego Ayala
- MIVEGECUniv. MontpellierIRDCNRSMontpellierFrance
| | | | - Rebeca Carballar‐Lejarazu
- Department of Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
- Present address:
Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of California at IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | - Pascal Miesen
- Department of Medical MicrobiologyRadboud University Medical CenterRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Ronald P. van Rij
- Department of Medical MicrobiologyRadboud University Medical CenterRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesNijmegenThe Netherlands
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Ponce P, Muñoz-Tobar S, Carrazco-Montalvo A, Villota SD, Coloma J, Wang C, Holechek S, Cevallos V. Two Haplotypes of Aedes aegypti Detected by ND4 Mitochondrial Marker in Three Regions of Ecuador. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12030200. [PMID: 33673456 PMCID: PMC7996963 DOI: 10.3390/insects12030200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, is a widespread species associated with the transmission of vector-borne diseases across tropical and subtropical areas of the world. The genetic variability of its populations has been assessed with the use of several molecular markers to understand aspects of the population dynamics and their implication in disease transmission. However, the genetic diversity of Ecuadorian populations of the vector have not been investigated. In this study, we evaluated the genetic diversity of Ecuadorian populations of Ae. aegypti from 17 sites (Galapagos Islands, Amazon basin, and Coastal regions). These analyses revealed the presence of only two haplotypes among the Ecuadorian population of the vector. Haplotype 1, appears to be related to previously reported haplotypes from America, Asia, and West Africa. While haplotype 2 is only related to samples from America. The genetic diversity of Ecuadorian populations seems to be low, according to different statistical analyses, which show only one main population across sampled localities and no effect of the main geographical barriers. Understanding the genetic diversity of local populations is a key element in vector control strategies. Abstract Aedes aegypti, also known as the yellow fever mosquito, is the main vector of several arboviruses. In Ecuador, dengue and chikungunya are the most prevalent mosquito-borne diseases. Hence, there is a need to understand the population dynamics and genetic structure of the vector in tropical areas for a better approach towards effective vector control programs. This study aimed to assess the genetic diversity of Ae. aegypti, through the analyses of the mitochondrial gene ND4, using a combination of phylogenetic and population genetic structure from 17 sites in Ecuador. Results showed two haplotypes in the Ecuadorian populations of Ae. aegypti. Haplotype 1 was closely related to Ae. aegypti reported from America, Asia, and West Africa. Haplotype 2 was only related to samples from America. The sampled vectors from the diverse localities showed low nucleotide diversity (π = 0–0.01685) and genetic differentiation (FST = 0.152). AMOVA analyses indicated that most of the variation (85–91%) occurred within populations, suggesting that geographical barriers have little effect on the genetic structure of Ecuadorian populations of Ae. aegypti. These results agree with the one main population (K = 1) detected by Structure. Vector genetic identity may be a key factor in the planning of vector control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Ponce
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Gestión de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Quito 170136, Ecuador; (P.P.); (S.M.-T.); (A.C.-M.); (S.D.V.)
- Simon A. Levin Mathematical, Computational and Modeling Sciences Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA;
| | - Sofía Muñoz-Tobar
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Gestión de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Quito 170136, Ecuador; (P.P.); (S.M.-T.); (A.C.-M.); (S.D.V.)
| | - Andrés Carrazco-Montalvo
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Gestión de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Quito 170136, Ecuador; (P.P.); (S.M.-T.); (A.C.-M.); (S.D.V.)
| | - Stephany D. Villota
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Gestión de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Quito 170136, Ecuador; (P.P.); (S.M.-T.); (A.C.-M.); (S.D.V.)
| | - Josefina Coloma
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (J.C.); (C.W.)
| | - Chunling Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (J.C.); (C.W.)
| | - Susan Holechek
- Simon A. Levin Mathematical, Computational and Modeling Sciences Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA;
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Varsovia Cevallos
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Gestión de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Quito 170136, Ecuador; (P.P.); (S.M.-T.); (A.C.-M.); (S.D.V.)
- Simon A. Levin Mathematical, Computational and Modeling Sciences Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Feitoza TDS, Ferreira-de-Lima VH, Câmara DCP, Honório NA, Lounibos LP, Lima-Camara TN. Interspecific Mating Effects on Locomotor Activity Rhythms and Refractoriness of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Females. INSECTS 2020; 11:E874. [PMID: 33316878 PMCID: PMC7764719 DOI: 10.3390/insects11120874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study tests the hypotheses that the locomotor activity of Ae. albopictus females is not significantly altered by the presence of accessory gland (AG) extracts from conspecific and heterospecific males, and that Ae. albopictus females remain receptive to mating with conspecific males even after receiving AG of Ae. aegypti males. Virgin Ae. albopictus females were injected with saline (control group), AG extracts of Ae. aegypti males (aegMAG) or AG extracts of Ae. albopictus males (albMAG). Locomotor activity was evaluated under 12 h of light and 12 h of darkness at 25 °C. All live Ae. albopictus females were subsequently exposed to conspecific males for 48 h, and their spermathecae were dissected for the presence of sperm. Females injected with aegMAG and albMAG showed significant decreases in total, diurnal and diurnal without lights-on Period activities. Females injected with aegMAG showed significant decreases in nocturnal and nocturnal without lights-off period activities. Females injected with albMAG showed significant decreases in lights-off activity. A total of 83% of Ae. albopictus females injected with aegMAG and 10% of females injected with albMAG were inseminated by conspecific males. These results, coupled with our previous paper on MAG and interspecific mating effects on female Ae. aegypti, demonstrate contrasting outcomes on locomotor activities and loss of sexual receptivity, both conspecific and heterospecific MAGs capable of sterilizing virgin Ae. aegypti, but only conspecific MAGs sterilizing Ae. albopictus, whereas locomotor activities were depressed in females of both species after heterospecific and conspecific injections or treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais de Souza Feitoza
- Laboratory of Entomology in Public Health, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246-904, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Cardoso Portela Câmara
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundaҫão Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-360, Brazil
- Núcleo Operacional Sentinela de Mosquitos Vetores-Nosmove/Fiocruz, Fundaҫão Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Nildimar Alves Honório
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundaҫão Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-360, Brazil
- Núcleo Operacional Sentinela de Mosquitos Vetores-Nosmove/Fiocruz, Fundaҫão Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-360, Brazil
| | - L Philip Lounibos
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL 32962, USA
| | - Tamara Nunes Lima-Camara
- Laboratory of Entomology in Public Health, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246-904, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246-904, Brazil
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Cebrián-Camisón S, Martínez-de la Puente J, Figuerola J. A Literature Review of Host Feeding Patterns of Invasive Aedes Mosquitoes in Europe. INSECTS 2020; 11:E848. [PMID: 33260438 PMCID: PMC7760726 DOI: 10.3390/insects11120848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aedes invasive mosquitoes (AIMs) play a key role as vectors of several pathogens of public health relevance. Four species have been established in Europe, including Aedes aegypti, Aedesalbopictus, Aedes japonicus and Aedes koreicus. In addition, Aedes atropalpus has been repeatedly recorded although it has not yet been established. In spite of their importance in the transmission of endemic (e.g., heartworms) and imported pathogens (e.g., dengue virus), basic information of parameters affecting their vectorial capacity is poorly investigated. The aim of this study is to review the blood feeding patterns of these invasive mosquito species in Europe, summarizing available information from their native and introduced distribution ranges. The feeding patterns of mosquitoes constitute a key parameter affecting the contact rates between infected and susceptible hosts, thus playing a central role in the epidemiology of mosquito-borne pathogens. Our results highlight that these mosquito species feed on the blood of different vertebrate groups from ectotherms to birds and mammals. However, humans represent the most important source of blood for these species, accounting for 36% and 93% of hosts identified for Ae. japonicus and Ae. aegypti, respectively. In spite of that, limited information has been obtained for some particular species, such as Ae. koreicus, or it is restricted to a few particular areas. Given the high vector competence of the four AIM species for the transmission of different emerging arboviruses such as dengue, Chikungunya, Zika or Yellow fever viruses and their high feeding rates on humans, these AIM species may have an important impact on the vectorial capacity for such pathogens on urban and periurban areas. Finally, we propose directions for future research lines based on identified knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Cebrián-Camisón
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, Departamento de Ecología de Humedales, Av. Américo Vespucio 26, 41092 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Josué Martínez-de la Puente
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Figuerola
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, Departamento de Ecología de Humedales, Av. Américo Vespucio 26, 41092 Sevilla, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Kuno G. The Absence of Yellow Fever in Asia: History, Hypotheses, Vector Dispersal, Possibility of YF in Asia, and Other Enigmas. Viruses 2020; 12:E1349. [PMID: 33255615 PMCID: PMC7759908 DOI: 10.3390/v12121349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the recent epidemics of yellow fever in Angola and Brazil as well as the importation of cases to China in 2016, there has been an increased interest in the century-old enigma, absence of yellow fever in Asia. Although this topic has been repeatedly reviewed before, the history of human intervention has never been considered a critical factor. A two-stage literature search online for this review, however, yielded a rich history indispensable for the debate over this medical enigma. As we combat the pandemic of COVID-19 coronavirus worldwide today, we can learn invaluable lessons from the historical events in Asia. In this review, I explore the history first and then critically examine in depth major hypotheses proposed in light of accumulated data, global dispersal of the principal vector, patterns of YF transmission, persistence of urban transmission, and the possibility of YF in Asia. Through this process of re-examination of the current knowledge, the subjects for research that should be conducted are identified. This review also reveals the importance of holistic approach incorporating ecological and human factors for many unresolved subjects, such as the enigma of YF absence in Asia, vector competence, vector dispersal, spillback, viral persistence and transmission mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goro Kuno
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Formerly Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
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