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Quito-Avila DF, Reyes-Proaño E, Armijos-Capa G, Alcalá Briseño RI, Alvarez R, Flores FF. Analysis of a new negevirus-like sequence from Bemisia tabaci unveils a potential new taxon linking nelorpi- and centiviruses. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303838. [PMID: 38753834 PMCID: PMC11098327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This study presents the complete genome sequence of a novel nege-like virus identified in whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci MEAM1), provisionally designated as whitefly negevirus 1 (WfNgV1). The virus possesses a single-stranded RNA genome comprising 11,848 nucleotides, organized into four open reading frames (ORFs). These ORFs encode the putative RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase (RdRp, ORF 1), a glycoprotein (ORF 2), a structural protein with homology to those in the SP24 family, (ORF 3), and a protein of unknown function (ORF 4). Phylogenetic analysis focusing on RdRp and SP24 amino acid sequences revealed a close relationship between WfNgV1 and Bemisia tabaci negevirus 1, a negevirus sequence recently discovered in whiteflies from Israel. Both viruses form a clade sharing a most recent common ancestor with the proposed nelorpivirus and centivirus taxa. The putative glycoprotein from ORF 2 and SP24 (ORF 3) of WfNgV1 exhibit the characteristic topologies previously reported for negevirus counterparts. This marks the first reported negevirus-like sequence from whiteflies in the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego F. Quito-Avila
- Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnologicas del Ecuador, CIBE, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Edison Reyes-Proaño
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States of America
| | - Gerardo Armijos-Capa
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Química, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT La Plata-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Robert Alvarez
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Francisco F. Flores
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE, Sangolquí, Pichincha, Ecuador
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería e Industrias, Centro de Investigación de Alimentos, CIAL, Universidad -UTE, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
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Lwande OW, Näslund J, Sjödin A, Lantto R, Luande VN, Bucht G, Ahlm C, Agwanda B, Obanda V, Evander M. Novel strains of Culex flavivirus and Hubei chryso-like virus 1 from the Anopheles mosquito in western Kenya. Virus Res 2024; 339:199266. [PMID: 37944758 PMCID: PMC10682293 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Surveillance of mosquito vectors is critical for early detection, prevention and control of vector borne diseases. In this study we used advanced molecular tools, such as DNA barcoding in combination with novel sequencing technologies to discover new and already known viruses in genetically identified mosquito species. Mosquitoes were captured using BG sentinel traps in Western Kenya during May and July 2019, and homogenized individually before pooled into groups of ten mosquitoes. The pools and individual samples were then used for molecular analysis and to infect cell cultures. Of a total of fifty-four (54) 10-pools, thirteen (13) showed cytopathic effect (CPE) on VeroB4 cells, eighteen (18) showed CPE on C6/36 cells. Eight (8) 10-pools out of the 31 CPE positive pools showed CPE on both VeroB4 and C6/36 cells. When using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Sanger sequencing and Twist Comprehensive Viral Research Panel (CVRP) (Twist Biosciences), all pools were found negative by RT-PCR when using genus specific primers targeting alphaviruses, orthobunyaviruses and virus specific primers towards o'nyong-nyong virus, chikungunya virus and Sindbis virus (previously reported to circulate in the region). Interestingly, five pools were RT-PCR positive for flavivirus. Two of the RT-PCR positive pools showed CPE on both VeroB4 and C6/36 cells, two pools showed CPE on C6/36 cells alone and one pool on VeroB4 cells only. Fifty individual mosquito homogenates from the five RT-PCR positive 10-pools were analyzed further for flavivirus RNA. Of these, 19 out of the 50 individual mosquito homogenates indicated the presence of flavivirus RNA. Barcoding of the flavivirus positive mosquitoes revealed the mosquito species as Aedes aegypti (1), Mansonia uniformis (6), Anopheles spp (3), Culex pipiens (5), Culex spp (1), Coquilletidia metallica (2) and Culex quinquefasciatus (1). Of the 19 flavivirus positive individual mosquitoes, five (5) virus positive homogenates were sequenced. Genome sequences of two viruses were completed. One was identified as the single-stranded RNA Culex flavivirus and the other as the double-stranded RNA Hubei chryso-like virus 1. Both viruses were found in the same Anopheles spp. homogenate extracted from a sample that showed CPE on both VeroB4 and C6/36 cells. The detection of both viruses in a single mosquito homogenate indicated coinfection. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that the Culex flavivirus sequence detected was closely related to a Culex flavivirus isolated from Uganda in 2008. All four Hubei chryso-like virus 1 segments clusters closely to Hubei chryso-like virus 1 strains isolated in Australia, China and USA. Two novel strains of insect-specific viruses in Anopheles mosquitoes were detected and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Wesula Lwande
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå 901-85, Sweden; Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå 901-87, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Näslund
- Swedish Defence Research Agency, CBRN, Defence and Security, Umeå 901 82, Sweden
| | - Andreas Sjödin
- Swedish Defence Research Agency, CBRN, Defence and Security, Umeå 901 82, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Lantto
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå 901-85, Sweden
| | | | - Göran Bucht
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå 901-85, Sweden
| | - Clas Ahlm
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå 901-85, Sweden; Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå 901-87, Sweden
| | - Bernard Agwanda
- Mammalogy Section, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi 40658-00100, Kenya
| | - Vincent Obanda
- Department of Research Permitting and Compliance Wildlife Research and Training Institute, Naivasha 842-20117, Kenya
| | - Magnus Evander
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå 901-85, Sweden; Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå 901-87, Sweden
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Reis LAM, Pampolha ABO, do Nascimento BLS, Dias DD, Araújo PADS, da Silva FS, Silva LHDSE, Reis HCF, da Silva EVP, Nunes Neto JP. Genus Culex Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera: Culicidae) as an Important Potential Arbovirus Vector in Brazil: An Integrative Review. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2179. [PMID: 38004319 PMCID: PMC10672040 DOI: 10.3390/life13112179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Culex has 817 species subdivided into 28 subgenera. It has a cosmopolitan distribution, being most abundant in countries with a tropical climate. Understanding the ecology and diversity of viruses circulating in the species of this genus is important for understanding their role as arbovirus vectors in Brazil. To conduct an integrative review to identify the importance of the Culex genus as arbovirus vectors in Brazil. A search was carried out for scientific papers in the PubMed, BVSalud, Patuá-IEC and International Catalogue of Arboviruses: including certain other viruses of vertebrates databases. 36 publications describing arbovirus detections in Culex mosquitoes collected in the field in Brazil were evaluated. A total of 42 arbovirus species were detected, as well as studies analyzing the vector competence of C. quinquefasciatus for the transmission of four different arboviruses. The study of the Culex genus and its role as a vector of arboviruses in Brazil is essential for understanding transmission cycles, with the main aim of reducing cases of human infection. Thus, entomovirological surveillance guides the implementation of actions to detect circulating arboviruses among vectors to anticipate measures aimed at preventing or reducing the risk of arbovirus outbreaks in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lúcia Aline Moura Reis
- Graduate Program in Parasitary Biology in the Amazon Region, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém 66095-663, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Oliveira Pampolha
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Bruna Lais Sena do Nascimento
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute—IEC/MS/SVSA, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Daniel Damous Dias
- Graduate Program in Parasitary Biology in the Amazon Region, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém 66095-663, Brazil
| | - Pedro Arthur da Silva Araújo
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitary Agents, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66077-830, Brazil
| | - Fábio Silva da Silva
- Graduate Program in Parasitary Biology in the Amazon Region, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém 66095-663, Brazil
| | - Lucas Henrique da Silva e Silva
- Graduate Program in Parasitary Biology in the Amazon Region, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém 66095-663, Brazil
| | - Hanna Carolina Farias Reis
- Graduate Program in Parasitary Biology in the Amazon Region, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém 66095-663, Brazil
| | - Eliana Vieira Pinto da Silva
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute—IEC/MS/SVSA, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Joaquim Pinto Nunes Neto
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute—IEC/MS/SVSA, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
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Hollingsworth BD, Grubaugh ND, Lazzaro BP, Murdock CC. Leveraging insect-specific viruses to elucidate mosquito population structure and dynamics. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011588. [PMID: 37651317 PMCID: PMC10470969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Several aspects of mosquito ecology that are important for vectored disease transmission and control have been difficult to measure at epidemiologically important scales in the field. In particular, the ability to describe mosquito population structure and movement rates has been hindered by difficulty in quantifying fine-scale genetic variation among populations. The mosquito virome represents a possible avenue for quantifying population structure and movement rates across multiple spatial scales. Mosquito viromes contain a diversity of viruses, including several insect-specific viruses (ISVs) and "core" viruses that have high prevalence across populations. To date, virome studies have focused on viral discovery and have only recently begun examining viral ecology. While nonpathogenic ISVs may be of little public health relevance themselves, they provide a possible route for quantifying mosquito population structure and dynamics. For example, vertically transmitted viruses could behave as a rapidly evolving extension of the host's genome. It should be possible to apply established analytical methods to appropriate viral phylogenies and incidence data to generate novel approaches for estimating mosquito population structure and dispersal over epidemiologically relevant timescales. By studying the virome through the lens of spatial and genomic epidemiology, it may be possible to investigate otherwise cryptic aspects of mosquito ecology. A better understanding of mosquito population structure and dynamics are key for understanding mosquito-borne disease ecology and methods based on ISVs could provide a powerful tool for informing mosquito control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon D Hollingsworth
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Cornell Institute for Host Microbe Interaction and Disease, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Nathan D Grubaugh
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Brian P Lazzaro
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Cornell Institute for Host Microbe Interaction and Disease, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Courtney C Murdock
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Cornell Institute for Host Microbe Interaction and Disease, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Northeast Regional Center for Excellence in Vector-borne Diseases, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
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Coletti TDM, Romano CM, Urbinatti PR, Teixeira RS, Pedrosa LWDA, Nardi MS, Natal D, Costa ACD, Jesus JGD, Claro IM, Sabino EC, Witkin SS, Marrelli MT, Fernandes LN. Characterization of insect-specific Culex flavivirus (Flaviviridae) nucleotide sequences in mosquitoes from urban parks in São Paulo, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2022; 55:e0067. [PMID: 36169488 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0067-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite their worldwide occurrence, the distribution and role of insect-specific flaviviruses (ISFs) remain unclear. METHODS We evaluated the presence of ISFs in mosquitoes collected in São Paulo, Brazil, using reverse transcription and semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Some of the positive samples were subjected to nanopore sequencing. RESULTS Twelve mosquito pools (2.8%) tested positive for flavivirus infection. Nanopore sequencing was successfully performed on six samples. Phylogenetic analysis grouped these sequences into genotype 2 of Culex flavivirus (CxFV). CONCLUSIONS The identification of CxFV genotype 2 at new locations in São Paulo highlights the importance of understanding the role of ISFs in mosquito vector competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís de Moura Coletti
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Laboratório de Investigação Médica-49, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Laboratório de Investigação Médica-46, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Camila Malta Romano
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Paulo Roberto Urbinatti
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Departamento de Epidemiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Renildo Souza Teixeira
- Prefeitura de São Paulo, Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Laboratório de Fauna Sinantrópica, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Leila Weiss de Almeida Pedrosa
- Secretaria do Verde e Meio Ambiente, Divisão da Fauna Silvestre, Coordenadoria de Gestão de Parques e Biodiversidade, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Marcello Schiavo Nardi
- Secretaria do Verde e Meio Ambiente, Divisão da Fauna Silvestre, Coordenadoria de Gestão de Parques e Biodiversidade, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Delsio Natal
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Departamento de Epidemiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Antônio Charlys da Costa
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Jaqueline Goes de Jesus
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Laboratório de Investigação Médica-46, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Ingra Morales Claro
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Laboratório de Investigação Médica-46, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Ester Cerdeira Sabino
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Laboratório de Investigação Médica-46, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Steven S Witkin
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mauro Toledo Marrelli
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Departamento de Epidemiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Licia Natal Fernandes
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Laboratório de Investigação Médica-49, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Culex Flavivirus Isolation from Naturally Infected Mosquitoes Trapped at Rio de Janeiro City, Brazil. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13050477. [PMID: 35621811 PMCID: PMC9143766 DOI: 10.3390/insects13050477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The Flavivirus genus groups a wide range of species capable of infecting vertebrates and invertebrates, both terrestrial and aquatic. According to phylogenetic analyses, the flavivirus genomes cluster into three main branches; the first one containing viruses that infect vertebrates, also called arboviruses; the second called arbovirus-affiliated insect-specific flaviviruses or dual-host insect-specific flaviviruses (dISF), that preserve genomic similarity with arboviruses, but its replication is apparently restricted to invertebrates and insect-specific classical flaviviruses (ISF), with infection restricted to invertebrates. Culex Flavivirus (CxFV) is a classical insect-specific virus, which has aroused interest after the first indication that it can produce in nature superinfection exclusion of viruses of medical interest such as West Nile. Despite the detection of CxFV in different regions, CxFV ecology and the influence of co-circulation of arboviruses remains poorly understood. Therefore, our primary goals are to observe the occurrence of CxFV infection in mosquitoes trapped in an urban area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, characterize the virus circulation, and provide isolates. A prospective study was carried out for eight months on the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro campus trapping adult mosquitoes. The CxFV minimum infection rates were determined in this period, and the virus isolation process is fully described. Samples from this study were grouped into genotype 2, along with CxFV sequences from Latin America and Africa. Abstract Culex Flavivirus (CxFV) is a classical insect-specific virus, which has aroused interest after the first indication that it can produce in nature superinfection exclusion of viruses of medical interest such as West Nile. Despite the detection of CxFV in different regions, CxFV ecology and the influence of co-circulation of arboviruses remains poorly understood. Therefore, our primary goals are to observe the occurrence of CxFV infection in mosquitoes trapped in an urban area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, characterize the virus circulating, and provide isolates. A prospective study was carried out for eight months on the campus of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, trapping adult mosquitoes. The CxFV minimum infection rates were determined in this period, and the virus isolation process is fully described. Samples from this study were grouped into genotype 2, along with CxFV sequences from Latin America and Africa.
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Feng Y, Gou QY, Yang WH, Wu WC, Wang J, Holmes EC, Liang G, Shi M. OUP accepted manuscript. Virus Evol 2022; 8:veac006. [PMID: 35242359 PMCID: PMC8887699 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although metagenomic sequencing has revealed high numbers of viruses in mosquitoes sampled globally, our understanding of how their diversity and abundance varies in time and space as well as by host species and gender remains unclear. To address this, we collected 23,109 mosquitoes over the course of 12 months from a bat-dwelling cave and a nearby village in Yunnan province, China. These samples were organized by mosquito species, mosquito gender, and sampling time for meta-transcriptomic sequencing. A total of 162 eukaryotic virus species were identified, of which 101 were novel, including representatives of seventeen RNA virus multi-family supergroups and four species of DNA virus from the families Parvoviridae, Circoviridae, and Nudiviridae. In addition, two known vector-borne viruses—Japanese encephalitis virus and Banna virus—were found. Analyses of the entire virome revealed strikingly different viral compositions and abundance levels in warmer compared to colder months, a strong host structure at the level of mosquito species, and no substantial differences between those viruses harbored by male and female mosquitoes. At the scale of individual viruses, some were found to be ubiquitous throughout the year and across four mosquito species, while most of the other viruses were season and/or host specific. Collectively, this study reveals the diversity, dynamics, and evolution of the mosquito virome at a single location and sheds new lights on the ecology of these important vector animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Feng
- *Corresponding authors: E-mail: ;
| | | | - Wei-hong Yang
- Department of Viral and Rickettsial Disease Control, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, No. 5 Wenhua Road, Xiaguan, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China
| | - Wei-chen Wu
- Shenzhen Campus of Sun-Yat Sen University, Sun-Yat Sen University Shenzhen Campus, Guangming New District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Viral and Rickettsial Disease Control, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, No. 5 Wenhua Road, Xiaguan, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China
| | | | - Guodong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Mang Shi
- *Corresponding authors: E-mail: ;
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Barrio-Nuevo KM, Cunha MS, Luchs A, Fernandes A, Rocco IM, Mucci LF, de Souza RP, Medeiros-Sousa AR, Ceretti-Junior W, Marrelli MT. Detection of Zika and dengue viruses in wild-caught mosquitoes collected during field surveillance in an environmental protection area in São Paulo, Brazil. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227239. [PMID: 33064724 PMCID: PMC7567345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Species of the genus Flavivirus are widespread in Brazil and are a major public health concern. The country's largest city, São Paulo, is in a highly urbanized area with a few forest fragments which are commonly used for recreation. These can be considered to present a potential risk of flavivirus transmission to humans as they are home simultaneously to vertebrate hosts and mosquitoes that are potential flavivirus vectors. The aim of this study was to conduct flavivirus surveillance in field-collected mosquitoes in the Capivari-Monos Environmental Protection Area (EPA) and identify the flavivirus species by sequence analysis in flavivirus IFA-positive pools. Monthly mosquito collections were carried out from March 2016 to April 2017 with CO2-baited CDC light traps. Specimens were identified morphologically and grouped in pools of up to 10 individuals according to their taxonomic category. A total of 260 pools of non-engorged females were inoculated into C6/36 cell culture, and the cell suspensions were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) after the incubation period. IFA-positive pools were tested by qRT-PCR with genus-specific primers targeting the flavivirus NS5 gene to confirm IFA-positive results and sequenced to identify the species. Anopheles cruzii (19.5%) and Wyeomyia confusa (15.3%) were the most frequent vector species collected. IFA was positive for flaviviruses in 2.3% (6/260) of the sample pools. This was confirmed by qRT-PCR in five pools (83.3%). All five flavivirus-positive pools were successfully sequenced and the species identified. DENV serotype 2 (DENV-2) was detected in Culex spp. and Culex vaxus pools, while ZIKV was identified in An. cruzii, Limatus durhamii and Wy. confusa pools. To the best of our knowledge, detection of flavivirus species of medical importance has never previously been reported in these species of wild-caught mosquitoes. The finding of DENV-2 and ZIKV circulating in wild mosquitoes suggests the existence of an enzootic cycle in the area. In-depth studies of DENV-2 and ZIKV, including investigation of mosquito infection, vector competence and infection in sylvatic hosts, are needed to shed light on the transmission dynamics of these important viruses and the potential risk of future outbreaks of DENV-2 and ZIKV infections in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana Sequetin Cunha
- Vector-borne Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Luchs
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aristides Fernandes
- Epidemiology Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iray Maria Rocco
- Vector-borne Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Filipe Mucci
- Superintendency for the Control of Endemic Diseases, State Health Department, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Walter Ceretti-Junior
- Epidemiology Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauro Toledo Marrelli
- Epidemiology Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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da Silva Ferreira R, de Toni Aquino da Cruz LC, de Souza VJ, da Silva Neves NA, de Souza VC, Filho LCF, da Silva Lemos P, de Lima CPS, Naveca FG, Atanaka M, Nunes MRT, Slhessarenko RD. Insect-specific viruses and arboviruses in adult male culicids from Midwestern Brazil. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 85:104561. [PMID: 32961364 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Viruses were identified from male anthropophilic mosquitoes from Mato Grosso (MT) State, Midwest Brazil from February 2017 to January 2018. Mosquitoes tested included Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (1139 males; 84 pools), Culex quinquefasciatus (9426 males; 179 pools), Culex sp. (3 males; 3 pools) and Psorophora albigenu (1 male; 1 pool) collected from four cities of MT. Pools were subjected to viral RNA extraction followed by RT-PCRs specific for ten flaviviruses, five alphaviruses and Simbu serogroup of orthobunyaviruses. Positive pools were passaged three times in VERO cells (alphavirus and orthobunyavirus) or C6/36 cells (flavivirus), with isolates confirmed through RT-PCR and nucleotide sequencing. We detected pools positive for Ilhéus (1 pool), dengue serotype 4 (1), Mayaro (12), equine encephalitis virus (1) yellow fever (1), Oropouche (2), Zika (4) and chikungunya (12) viruses. High throughput sequencing of arbovirus positive pools identified 35 insect-specific viruses (ISVs) from the families Circoviridae (2), Parvoviridae (2), Totiviridae (1), Flaviviridae (1), Iflaviridae (2), Mesoniviridae (4), Nodaviridae (2), Luteoviridae (1), Phasmaviridae (1) Phenuiviridae (2), Rhabdoviridae (2), Orthomyxoviridae (1), Xinmoviridae (1), and unclassified Bunyavirales (1), unclassified Picornavirales (3), unclassified Riboviria (4) and taxon Negevirus (5). From these, five novel viruses were tentatively named Mojica circovirus, Kuia iflavirus, Muxirum negevirus, Lambada picorna-like virus and Tacuru picorna-like virus. Our findings underscore the diversity and wide geographical distribution of ISVs and arboviruses infecting male culicids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel da Silva Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78060-900 Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | | | - Vilma Juscineide de Souza
- Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, Centro Político Administrativo, Palácio Paiaguás, Rua D, Bloco 5, 78049-902 Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Nilvanei Aparecido da Silva Neves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78060-900 Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Victor Costa de Souza
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, FIOCRUZ, Rua Terezina, n. 476, Adrianópolis, 69057-070 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Poliana da Silva Lemos
- Instituto Evandro Chagas, Rodovia BR-316 KM 7 S/N, Levilândia, 67030-000 Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Gomes Naveca
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, FIOCRUZ, Rua Terezina, n. 476, Adrianópolis, 69057-070 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Marina Atanaka
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78060-900 Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Dezengrini Slhessarenko
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78060-900 Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
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10
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MacLeod HJ, Dimopoulos G. Detailed Analyses of Zika Virus Tropism in Culex quinquefasciatus Reveal Systemic Refractoriness. mBio 2020; 11:e01765-20. [PMID: 32817107 PMCID: PMC7439479 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01765-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of Culex quinquefasciatus in Zika virus transmission has been debated since the epidemic of Zika occurred in the Americas in 2015 to 2016. The majority of studies have found no evidence that C. quinquefasciatus or other Culex species are competent vectors of Zika virus, and the few studies that have proposed Zika vector status for C. quinquefasciatus have relied predominantly on quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) for viral detection. We assessed the infectious range of pre- and post-epidemic Zika virus isolates in order to classify mosquito samples based on titer infectiousness and demonstrated that two strains of C. quinquefasciatus, including one previously found to be competent, are highly resistant to infection with these Zika isolates compared to Aedes aegypti and are not competent for virus transmission. Further dissection of the dynamics of Zika exposure in both A. aegypti and C. quinquefasciatus revealed that while virus transmission by C. quinquefasciatus is blocked at the levels of the midgut and salivary glands, viral RNA persists in these tissues for prolonged periods post-exposure. We assessed Zika entry dynamics in both Aedes and Culex cells, and our results suggest that Zika virus infection in Culex cells may be blocked downstream of cell entry. These findings strongly suggest that C. quinquefasciatus is not a vector of Zika virus and additionally inform the use of qRT-PCR in vector competence assays as well as our understanding of barriers to arbovirus infection in non-susceptible mosquito species.IMPORTANCE Understanding which mosquito species transmit an emerging arbovirus is critical to effective vector control. During the Zika virus epidemic in 2015 to 2016, Aedes mosquitoes were confirmed as vectors. However, studies addressing the vector status of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes presented conflicting evidence and remain an outstanding source of confusion in the field. Here, we established a robust cell-based assay to identify infectious titers of Zika virus and assessed the virus titers in C. quinquefasciatus by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). We found that while low levels of virus were detected in C. quinquefasciatus, these titers did not correspond to infectious virus, and these mosquitoes did not transmit virus in the saliva. We also present evidence that the virus may enter Culex cells before infection is disrupted. Our findings are important for future studies incriminating vector species using qRT-PCR for virus detection and offer new information on how virus transmission is blocked by mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J MacLeod
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - George Dimopoulos
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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11
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Colmant AMG, O'Brien CA, Newton ND, Watterson D, Hardy J, Coulibaly F, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Warrilow D, Huang B, Paramitha D, Harrison JJ, Hall RA, Hobson-Peters J. Novel monoclonal antibodies against Australian strains of negeviruses and insights into virus structure, replication and host -restriction. J Gen Virol 2020; 101:440-452. [PMID: 32003709 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the isolation of Australian strains of Bustos virus and Ngewotan virus, two insect-specific viruses in the newly identified taxon Negevirus, originally isolated from Southeast Asian mosquitoes. Consistent with the expected insect-specific tropism of negeviruses, these isolates of Ngewotan and Bustos viruses, alongside the Australian negevirus Castlerea virus, replicated exclusively in mosquito cells but not in vertebrate cells, even when their temperature was reduced to 34 °C. Our data confirmed the existence of two structural proteins, putatively one membrane protein forming the majority of the virus particle, and one glycoprotein forming a projection on the apex of the virions. We generated and characterized 71 monoclonal antibodies to both structural proteins of the two viruses, most of which were neutralizing. Overall, these data increase our knowledge of negevirus mechanisms of infection and replication in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe M G Colmant
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Caitlin A O'Brien
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Natalee D Newton
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joshua Hardy
- Infection and Immunity, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Fasséli Coulibaly
- Infection and Immunity, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Gatton, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Warrilow
- Public Health Virology, Forensic and Scientific Services, Department of Health, Queensland Government, 39 Kessels Rd, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - Bixing Huang
- Public Health Virology, Forensic and Scientific Services, Department of Health, Queensland Government, 39 Kessels Rd, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - Devina Paramitha
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jessica J Harrison
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Roy A Hall
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jody Hobson-Peters
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
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12
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Maia LMS, Pinto AZDL, Carvalho MSD, Melo FLD, Ribeiro BM, Slhessarenko RD. Novel Viruses in Mosquitoes from Brazilian Pantanal. Viruses 2019; 11:v11100957. [PMID: 31627274 PMCID: PMC6832572 DOI: 10.3390/v11100957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses are ubiquitous and diverse microorganisms arising as a result of interactions within their vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Here we report the presence of different viruses in the salivary glands of 1657 mosquitoes classified over 28 culicinae species from the North region of the Brazilian Pantanal wetland through metagenomics, viral isolation, and RT-PCR. In total, 12 viruses were found, eight putative novel viruses with relatively low similarity with pre-existing species of viruses within their families, named Pirizal iflavirus, Furrundu phlebovirus, Pixé phlebovirus, Guampa vesiculovirus, Chacororé flavivirus, Rasqueado orbivirus, Uru chuvirus, and Bororo circovirus. We also found the already described Lobeira dielmorhabdovirus, Sabethes flavivirus, Araticum partitivirus, and Murici totivirus. Therefore, these findings underscore the vast diversity of culicinae and novel viruses yet to be explored in Pantanal, the largest wetland on the planet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marina Siqueira Maia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Sáude, Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
| | - Andressa Zelenski de Lara Pinto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Sáude, Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
| | - Michellen Santos de Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Sáude, Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Lucas de Melo
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
| | - Bergmann Morais Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
| | - Renata Dezengrini Slhessarenko
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Sáude, Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
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13
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Zhao L, Mwaliko C, Atoni E, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhan J, Hu X, Xia H, Yuan Z. Characterization of a Novel Tanay Virus Isolated From Anopheles sinensis Mosquitoes in Yunnan, China. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1963. [PMID: 31507570 PMCID: PMC6714596 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, mosquitoes are known to be competent vectors to various arboviruses that cause serious and debilitating diseases to humans and animals. Conversely, mosquitoes harbor a wide array of insect specific viruses (ISVs) that are generally neglected. Extensive characterization of these ISVs is important in understanding their persistence infection effect on host behavior and arbovirus transmission. Herein, we report first time isolation of Tanay virus (TANAV) isolate YN15_103_01 in Anopheles sinensis mosquitoes from Yunnan Province, China. Phylogenetically, the isolate’s nucleotide identity had more than 14.47% variance compared to previous TANAV isolates, and it clustered into an independent branch within the genus Sandewavirus in the newly proposed taxon Negevirus. TANAV growth and high titers was attained in Aag2 cells (107 PFU/mL) but with no CPE observed up to 7 days.p.i. compared to C6/36 cells that exhibited extensive CPE at 48 h.p.i. with titers of 107 PFU/mL. Contrarywise, the viral isolate did not replicate in vertebrate cell lines. Electron microscopy analyses showed that its final maturation process takes place in the cell cytoplasm. Notably, the predicted viral proteins were verified to be corresponding to the obtained SDS-PAGE protein bands. Our findings advance forth new and vital knowledge important in understanding insect specific viruses, especially TANAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Caroline Mwaliko
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Evans Atoni
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunzhi Zhang
- Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Dali, China
| | - Jianbo Zhan
- Division for Viral Disease with Detection, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaomin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Xia
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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