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Deliz JR, Tanner CM, Gonzalez-Latapi P. Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease: An Update. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2024; 24:163-179. [PMID: 38642225 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-024-01339-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In recent decades, epidemiological understanding of Parkinson disease (PD) has evolved significantly. Major discoveries in genetics and large epidemiological investigations have provided a better understanding of the genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors that play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of PD. In this review, we provide an epidemiological update of PD with a particular focus on advances in the last five years of published literature. RECENT FINDINGS We include an overview of PD pathophysiology, followed by a detailed discussion of the known distribution of disease and varied determinants of disease. We describe investigations of risk factors for PD, and provide a critical summary of current knowledge, knowledge gaps, and both clinical and research implications. We emphasize the need to characterize the epidemiology of the disease in diverse populations. Despite increasing understanding of PD epidemiology, recent paradigm shifts in the conceptualization of PD as a biological entity will also impact epidemiological research moving forward and guide further work in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan R Deliz
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Caroline M Tanner
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California -San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paulina Gonzalez-Latapi
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Kristensson J, Longoni F, Östberg P, Rödseth Smith S, Åke S, Saldert C. Anomia in left hemisphere stroke, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease - a comparative study. Disabil Rehabil 2024; 46:2294-2316. [PMID: 37296078 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2219902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore quantitative and qualitative features of anomia in participants with left-hemisphere stroke, Parkinson's disease, or multiple sclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS This descriptive cross-sectional study compares signs of anomia within and across participants (n = 87), divided into four groups; moderate to severe anomia after stroke (MSAS, n = 19), mild anomia after stroke (MAS, n = 22), PD (n = 19) and MS (n = 27). Aspects analysed include naming accuracy and speed, the nature of incorrect responses, semantic and phonemic verbal fluency, information content in re-telling, and the relationship between test results and self-reports on word-finding difficulties and communicative participation. RESULTS All groups had impaired verbal fluency, prolonged response times and reduced information content in re-telling. The MSAS group had significantly more signs of anomia than the other groups. Results from the other groups overlapped on a MAS-PD-MS continuum. Both semantically and phonologically incorrect responses were common in the stroke groups, while semantically incorrect ones predominated in the PD and MS groups. All four groups reported a similar negative impact on self-perceived communicative participation. Correlations between self-reports and test results were inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS Anomia features have quantitative and qualitative similarities and differences across neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Kristensson
- Speech and Language Pathology Unit, Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Francesca Longoni
- Speech and Language Pathology Unit, Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Östberg
- Division of Speech and Language Pathology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Medical Unit Speech and Language Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Signe Rödseth Smith
- Speech and Language Pathology Unit, Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sabina Åke
- Speech and Language Pathology Unit, Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Charlotta Saldert
- Speech and Language Pathology Unit, Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Cai Z, Yang Z, Li H, Fang Y. Research progress of PROTACs for neurodegenerative diseases therapy. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107386. [PMID: 38643565 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) are characterized by the gradual deterioration of neuronal function and integrity, resulting in an overall decline in brain function. The existing therapeutic options for NDD, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease, fall short of meeting the clinical demand. A prominent pathological hallmark observed in numerous neurodegenerative disorders is the aggregation and misfolding of proteins both within and outside neurons. These abnormal proteins play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Targeted degradation of irregular proteins offers a promising avenue for NDD treatment. Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) function via the ubiquitin-proteasome system and have emerged as a novel and efficacious approach in drug discovery. PROTACs can catalytically degrade "undruggable" proteins even at exceptionally low concentrations, allowing for precise quantitative control of aberrant protein levels. In this review, we present a compilation of reported PROTAC structures and their corresponding biological activities aimed at addressing NDD. Spanning from 2016 to present, this review provides an up-to-date overview of PROTAC-based therapeutic interventions. Currently, most protein degraders intended for NDD treatment remain in the preclinical research phase. Overcoming several challenges is imperative, including enhancing oral bioavailability and permeability across the blood-brain barrier, before these compounds can progress to clinical research or eventually reach the market. However, armed with an enhanced comprehension of the underlying pathological mechanisms and the emergence of innovative scaffolds for protein degraders, along with further structural optimization, we are confident that PROTAC possesses the potential to make substantial breakthroughs in the field of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Zunhua Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Huilan Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of TCM Solid Preparation, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yuanying Fang
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of TCM Solid Preparation, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China.
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Yoritaka A, Hayashi T, Fusegi K, Nakayama S, Haneda J, Hattori N. Hypoperfusion in Supramarginal and Orbital Gyrus, Position Discrimination Test, and Microsaccades as a Predictor of Pisa Syndrome in Parkinson's Disease. PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 2024:5550362. [PMID: 38846136 PMCID: PMC11156507 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5550362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience significantly reduced quality of life when PD is complicated with Pisa syndrome (PS). PS is a postural abnormality associated with a lateral bending of the trunk, causing the patient to lean to one side. Microsaccades during fixation are transmitted to the visual cortex, and this gaze movement may be impaired in PD. We aimed to detect presymptomatic signs of PS. We enrolled 50 patients with PD without dementia and investigated the visual systems in patients with concurrent PD and PS based on a Romberg ratio of<1.0. Gaze analysis, pupil diameter, stabilization tests, neuropsychological tests, and cerebral perfusion scintigraphy were reviewed and statistically analyzed. Two years later, we divided the patients into three groups as follows: PISA++ (patients who had PS at enrollment), PISA-+ (patients without PS that developed PS during the 2-year period), and PISA-- (patients without PS that did not develop PS during the 2-year period). The PISA-+ group exhibited a significantly higher daily levodopa dose and longer fixations, as well as lower position discrimination, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition blocking, and blood flow in the left supramarginal and orbital gyri than that in the PISA-- group. The PISA++ group showed a significantly longer fixation time and lower Mini-Mental State Examination score, Romberg ratio of area, amplitude, velocity of microsaccades, and blood flow in the left precuneus and cuneus than that in the PISA-+ group. Before the onset of PS, hypoperfusion occurred in the correlative visual cortex and the position discrimination test. Patients with PS have reduced saccades and slow microsaccades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Yoritaka
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama 343-0032, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Hayashi
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama 343-0032, Japan
| | - Keiko Fusegi
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama 343-0032, Japan
| | - Sachiko Nakayama
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama 343-0032, Japan
| | - Jun Haneda
- Department of Radiology, Koshigaya Municipal Hospital, Saitama 343-8577, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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Tripathi U, Rosh I, Ben Ezer R, Nayak R, Hussein Y, Choudhary A, Djamus J, Manole A, Houlden H, Gage FH, Stern S. Upregulated ECM genes and increased synaptic activity in Parkinson's human DA neurons with PINK1/ PRKN mutations. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:103. [PMID: 38762512 PMCID: PMC11102563 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00715-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease. Primary symptoms of PD arise with the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta, but PD also affects the hippocampus and cortex, usually in its later stage. Approximately 15% of PD cases are familial with a genetic mutation. Two of the most associated genes with autosomal recessive (AR) early-onset familial PD are PINK1 and PRKN. In vitro studies of these genetic mutations are needed to understand the neurophysiological changes in patients' neurons that may contribute to neurodegeneration. In this work, we generated and differentiated DA and hippocampal neurons from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived from two patients with a double mutation in their PINK1 and PRKN (one homozygous and one heterozygous) genes and assessed their neurophysiology compared to two healthy controls. We showed that the synaptic activity of PD neurons generated from patients with the PINK1 and PRKN mutations is impaired in the hippocampus and dopaminergic neurons. Mutant dopaminergic neurons had enhanced excitatory post-synaptic activity. In addition, DA neurons with the homozygous mutation of PINK1 exhibited more pronounced electrophysiological differences compared to the control neurons. Signaling network analysis of RNA sequencing results revealed that Focal adhesion and ECM receptor pathway were the top two upregulated pathways in the mutant PD neurons. Our findings reveal that the phenotypes linked to PINK1 and PRKN mutations differ from those from other PD mutations, suggesting a unique interplay between these two mutations that drives different PD mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsh Tripathi
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Idan Rosh
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ran Ben Ezer
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ritu Nayak
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yara Hussein
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ashwani Choudhary
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jose Djamus
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Andreea Manole
- Laboratory of Genetics, Gage, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Henry Houlden
- UCL queen square institute of neurology, University College London, London, England
| | - Fred H Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, Gage, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shani Stern
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
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Crowley SJ, Kanel P, Roytman S, Bohnen NI, Hampstead BM. Basal forebrain integrity, cholinergic innervation and cognition in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Brain 2024; 147:1799-1808. [PMID: 38109781 PMCID: PMC11068112 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Most individuals with Parkinson's disease experience cognitive decline. Mounting evidence suggests this is partially caused by cholinergic denervation due to α-synuclein pathology in the cholinergic basal forebrain. Alpha-synuclein deposition causes inflammation, which can be measured with free water fraction, a diffusion MRI-derived metric of extracellular water. Prior studies have shown an association between basal forebrain integrity and cognition, cholinergic levels and cognition, and basal forebrain volume and acetylcholine, but no study has directly investigated whether basal forebrain physiology mediates the relationship between acetylcholine and cognition in Parkinson's disease. We investigated the relationship between these variables in a cross-sectional analysis of 101 individuals with Parkinson's disease. Cholinergic levels were measured using fluorine-18 fluoroethoxybenzovesamicol (18F-FEOBV) PET imaging. Cholinergic innervation regions of interest included the medial, lateral capsular and lateral perisylvian regions and the hippocampus. Brain volume and free water fraction were quantified using T1 and diffusion MRI, respectively. Cognitive measures included composites of attention/working memory, executive function, immediate memory and delayed memory. Data were entered into parallel mediation analyses with the cholinergic projection areas as predictors, cholinergic basal forebrain volume and free water fraction as mediators and each cognitive domain as outcomes. All mediation analyses controlled for age, years of education, levodopa equivalency dose and systolic blood pressure. The basal forebrain integrity metrics fully mediated the relationship between lateral capsular and lateral perisylvian acetylcholine and attention/working memory, and partially mediated the relationship between medial acetylcholine and attention/working memory. Basal forebrain integrity metrics fully mediated the relationship between medial, lateral capsular and lateral perisylvian acetylcholine and free water fraction. For all mediations in attention/working memory and executive function, the free water mediation was significant, while the volume mediation was not. The basal forebrain integrity metrics fully mediated the relationship between hippocampal acetylcholine and delayed memory and partially mediated the relationship between lateral capsular and lateral perisylvian acetylcholine and delayed memory. The volume mediation was significant for the hippocampal and lateral perisylvian models, while free water fraction was not. Free water fraction in the cholinergic basal forebrain mediated the relationship between acetylcholine and attention/working memory and executive function, while cholinergic basal forebrain volume mediated the relationship between acetylcholine in temporal regions in memory. These findings suggest that these two metrics reflect different stages of neurodegenerative processes and add additional evidence for a relationship between pathology in the basal forebrain, acetylcholine denervation and cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Crowley
- Research Program on Cognition and Neuromodulation Based Interventions, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Mental Health Service, Veterans Administration Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Prabesh Kanel
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Parkinson’s Foundation Center of Excellence, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Stiven Roytman
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Nicolaas I Bohnen
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Parkinson’s Foundation Center of Excellence, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Neurology Service and GRECC, Veterans Administration Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Benjamin M Hampstead
- Research Program on Cognition and Neuromodulation Based Interventions, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Mental Health Service, Veterans Administration Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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Jackson J, Hoffmann C, Scifo E, Wang H, Wischhof L, Piazzesi A, Mondal M, Shields H, Zhou X, Mondin M, Ryan EB, Döring H, Prehn JHM, Rottner K, Giannone G, Nicotera P, Ehninger D, Milovanovic D, Bano D. Actin-nucleation promoting factor N-WASP influences alpha-synuclein condensates and pathology. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:304. [PMID: 38693139 PMCID: PMC11063037 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06686-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal intraneuronal accumulation of soluble and insoluble α-synuclein (α-Syn) is one of the main pathological hallmarks of synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). It has been well documented that the reversible liquid-liquid phase separation of α-Syn can modulate synaptic vesicle condensates at the presynaptic terminals. However, α-Syn can also form liquid-like droplets that may convert into amyloid-enriched hydrogels or fibrillar polymorphs under stressful conditions. To advance our understanding on the mechanisms underlying α-Syn phase transition, we employed a series of unbiased proteomic analyses and found that actin and actin regulators are part of the α-Syn interactome. We focused on Neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) because of its association with a rare early-onset familial form of PD. In cultured cells, we demonstrate that N-WASP undergoes phase separation and can be recruited to synapsin 1 liquid-like droplets, whereas it is excluded from α-Syn/synapsin 1 condensates. Consistently, we provide evidence that wsp-1/WASL loss of function alters the number and dynamics of α-Syn inclusions in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Together, our findings indicate that N-WASP expression may create permissive conditions that promote α-Syn condensates and their potentially deleterious conversion into toxic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Jackson
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Hoffmann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neuroscience, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Enzo Scifo
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Han Wang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena Wischhof
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Antonia Piazzesi
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Hanna Shields
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Xuesi Zhou
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Magali Mondin
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, BIC, UAR 3420, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Eanna B Ryan
- RCSI Centre for Systems Medicine and Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences; SFI FutureNeuro Research Centre, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Hermann Döring
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig; Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- RCSI Centre for Systems Medicine and Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences; SFI FutureNeuro Research Centre, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig; Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gregory Giannone
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Dan Ehninger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
| | - Dragomir Milovanovic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.
- Einstein Center for Neuroscience, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Daniele Bano
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
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Pellegrini C, Travagli RA. Gastrointestinal dysmotility in rodent models of Parkinson's disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 326:G345-G359. [PMID: 38261717 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00225.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Multiple studies describe prodromal, nonmotor dysfunctions that affect the quality of life of patients who subsequently develop Parkinson's disease (PD). These prodromal dysfunctions comprise a wide array of autonomic issues, including severe gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders such as dysphagia, delayed gastric emptying, and chronic constipation. Indeed, strong evidence from studies in humans and animal models suggests that the GI tract and its neural, mainly vagal, connection to the central nervous system (CNS) could have a major role in the etiology of PD. In fact, misfolded α-synuclein aggregates that form Lewy bodies and neurites, i.e., the histological hallmarks of PD, are detected in the enteric nervous system (ENS) before clinical diagnosis of PD. The aim of the present review is to provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of GI dysmotility in PD, focusing our attention on functional, neurochemical, and molecular alterations in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Pellegrini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Qin Y, Meng DT, Jin ZH, Du WJ, Fang BY. Association between autonomic dysfunction with motor and non-motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:323-334. [PMID: 38253927 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-024-02745-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the association between autonomic dysfunction (AutD) and motor as well as non-motor symptoms (NMS) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Fifty-three PD patients were divided into two groups based on the number of domains affected by AutD: a multi-domain AutD group (AutD-M) and a single-domain AutD group (AutD-S), as evaluated using the Scale for Outcomes in Parkinson's disease-Autonomic (SCOPA-AUT), which assesses autonomic symptoms, one of the NMS. A comprehensive comparison was conducted between the two groups, including clinical measures such as clinical scales, quantitative evaluations of motor function and exercise capacity. Spearman correlation analysis was employed to investigate the relationship between AutD severity and PD symptoms. Additionally, we performed multiple linear regression model analysis to determine whether associations between SCOPA-AUT scores and clinical assessments remained significant after adjusting for Hoehn and Yahr stage, sex, and age. PD patients in the AutD-M group exhibited significantly more severe NMS and motor symptoms compared to those in the AutD-S group. In correlation analysis, SCOPA-AUT scores showed significant correlations with multiple clinical symptoms, such as most of the NMS, 10-MWT and CPET parameters. Furthermore, regression analysis also revealed that more pronounced fatigue, anxiety, depressive symptoms, worse walking speed and impaired exercise capacity were associated with higher SCOPA-AUT scores. The presence of AutD is correlated with emotional disturbances, decreased exercise endurance, and impaired gait function in patients with PD. Early management of AutD may prove beneficial in alleviating some NMS and motor symptoms in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qin
- Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Badachu, Xixiazhuang, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, China
- Beijing Rehabilitation Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - De-Tao Meng
- Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Badachu, Xixiazhuang, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Jin
- Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Badachu, Xixiazhuang, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Wen-Jun Du
- Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Badachu, Xixiazhuang, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Bo-Yan Fang
- Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Badachu, Xixiazhuang, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, China.
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Chen L, Jiang L, Wang C, Qiao T, Ma C, Chen Y, Liu C, Wang X, Xu Y. Parkinson's disease patients with absence of normal dipping status were more vulnerable to cognitive impairment from the early stages. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2024; 121:106013. [PMID: 38364621 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.106013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics of cognitive function in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with different dipping statuses. METHODS Consecutive PD patients were recruited for this study. All participants underwent 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitor (ABPM). Corresponding scales were employed to evaluate both motor and non-motor symptoms. The subjects were categorized into reverse, reduced, normal, and extreme dipping groups based on dipping patterns. Additionally, they were divided into early and non-early stage groups according to the disease duration being more than 5 years. RESULTS The proportions of the four dipping groups in the early and non-early stage groups exhibited no significant differences. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores in the reverse group were significantly lower than those in the normal dipping group (16.2 ± 5.8 vs 21.1 ± 6.1,P = 0.003). The attention as well as delayed recall scores in the reverse dipping group were significant lower than those in the normal dipping group (P = 0.042; P < 0.001). The multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that absence of normal dipping was an independent risk factor (OR = -2.252; P = 0.027) for MoCA scores for PD patients. CONCLUSIONS PD patients with absence of normal dipping status were more vulnerable to cognitive impairment from the early stages of the disease. The 24-h ABPM is recommended for early detection of abnormal dipping status and identification of individuals at risk for cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Medical College of Yangzhou University, No. 98 West Nantong Road, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Medical College of Yangzhou University, No. 98 West Nantong Road, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Chenxin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Yangzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Dalian Medical University, No. 98 West Nantong Road, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Tingting Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Medical College of Yangzhou University, No. 98 West Nantong Road, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Cancan Ma
- Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Medical College of Yangzhou University, No. 98 West Nantong Road, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Yingzhu Chen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Medical College of Yangzhou University, No. 98 West Nantong Road, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Chunfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Medical College of Yangzhou University, No. 98 West Nantong Road, Yangzhou, 225001, China.
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Medical College of Yangzhou University, No. 98 West Nantong Road, Yangzhou, 225001, China.
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11
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Cao X, Gan C, Zhang H, Yuan Y, Sun H, Zhang L, Wang L, Zhang L, Zhang K. Altered perivascular spaces in subcortical white matter in Parkinson's disease patients with levodopa-induced dyskinesia. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:71. [PMID: 38548788 PMCID: PMC10978930 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00688-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Dilated perivascular spaces (PVS) have emerged as a pathological hallmark in various neurological conditions, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID), an intractable motor complication of PD, remains enigmatic regarding the distribution patterns of PVS. Our objective was to scrutinize the percent PVS (pPVS) changes within PD patients with LID (PD-LID). In total, 132 individuals were enrolled, including PD-LID (n = 42), PD patients without LID (PD-nLID, n = 45), and healthy controls (HCs, n = 45). Employing an automated approach for PVS quantification based on structural magnetic resonance imaging, we comprehensively evaluated total pPVS in subcortical white matter globally and regionally. A significant increase in global pPVS was observed in PD patients versus HCs, particularly evident in PD-LID relative to HCs. Within the PD-LID group, elevated pPVS was discerned in the right inferior frontal gyrus region (rIFG) (pars opercularis), contrasting with PD-nLID and HCs. Moreover, PD patients exhibited increased pPVS in bilateral superior temporal regions compared to HCs. Notably, pPVS in the rIFG positively correlated with dyskinetic symptoms and could well identify LID. Our findings unveiled PVS alternations in subcortical white matter in PD-LID at both global and regional levels, highlighting the increased pPVS in rIFG as a prospective imaging marker for LID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyue Cao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Caiting Gan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yongsheng Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Huimin Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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12
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Kehnemouyi YM, Coleman TP, Tass PA. Emerging wearable technologies for multisystem monitoring and treatment of Parkinson's disease: a narrative review. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 4:1354211. [PMID: 38414636 PMCID: PMC10896901 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2024.1354211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic movement disorder characterized by a variety of motor and nonmotor comorbidities, including cognitive impairment, gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction, and autonomic/sleep disturbances. Symptoms typically fluctuate with different settings and environmental factors and thus need to be consistently monitored. Current methods, however, rely on infrequent rating scales performed in clinic. The advent of wearable technologies presents a new avenue to track objective measures of PD comorbidities longitudinally and more frequently. This narrative review discusses and proposes emerging wearable technologies that can monitor manifestations of motor, cognitive, GI, and autonomic/sleep comorbidities throughout the daily lives of PD individuals. This can provide more wholistic insight into real-time physiological versus pathological function with the potential to better assess treatments during clinical trials and allow physicians to optimize treatment regimens. Additionally, this narrative review briefly examines novel applications of wearables as therapy for PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine M. Kehnemouyi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Todd P. Coleman
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Peter A. Tass
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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13
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Ji M, Niu SQ, Mi HY, Jiang P, Li Y. Vinpocetine improves dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease rats by reducing oxidative stress and activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14358. [PMID: 37749299 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the commonest neurodegenerative disorder. It reduces motor and cognitive function in patients. Vinpocetine (Vinp) has the effects of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, and could improve cognitive function in patients. This study was aimed to investigating the therapeutic effects of Vinp on dyskinesia in a 6-Hydroxydopamine hydrobromide (6-OHDA)-induced PD rat model. We constructed a PD rat model by injecting 6-OHDA, and intervened with Vinp for 7 days. The motor function of the rats was evaluated by an open-field test and rotation test. Besides, H&E staining was applied to observe the changes of dopaminergic neurons in the striatum. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the rat striatum were detected. We assessed the impact of Vinp on α-synuclein (α-Syn) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related molecules by western blot and qRT-PCR. Rats in the PD group showed reduced horizontal movement frequency and number of squares crossed, increased contact time and rotation frequency, and reduced number of dopaminergic neurons accompanied by severe morphological damage. Vinp treatment increased the horizontal movement frequency and number of squares crossed, reduced the contact time, and rotation frequency in PD rats. Also, Vinp downregulated α-Syn protein expression and MDA level, while upregulated SOD activity in the striatum of PD rats. Furthermore, Vinp treatment activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the striatum of PD rats. In conclusion, Vinp improved the dyskinesia in 6-OHDA-induced PD rats by alleviating oxidative stress, and these effects may be associated with activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ji
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Qin Niu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - He-Yin Mi
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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14
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Yang Y, Stewart T, Zhang C, Wang P, Xu Z, Jin J, Huang Y, Liu Z, Lan G, Liang X, Sheng L, Shi M, Cai Z, Zhang J. Erythrocytic α-Synuclein and the Gut Microbiome: Kindling of the Gut-Brain Axis in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2024; 39:40-52. [PMID: 37798868 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive spreading of α-synuclein via gut-brain axis has been hypothesized in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the source of seeding-capable α-synuclein in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) has not been fully investigated. Additionally, the mechanism by which the GIT microbiome contributes to PD pathogenesis remains to be characterized. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate whether blood-derived α-synuclein might contribute to PD pathology via a gut-driven pathway and involve GIT microbiota. METHODS The GIT expression of α-synuclein and the transmission of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from erythrocytes/red blood cells (RBCs), with their cargo α-synuclein, to the GIT were explored with various methods, including radioactive labeling of RBC-EVs and direct analysis of the transfer of α-synuclein protein. The potential role of microbiota on the EVs transmission was further investigated by administering butyrate, the short-chain fatty acids produced by gut microbiota and studying mice with different α-synuclein genotypes. RESULTS This study demonstrated that RBC-EVs can effectively transport α-synuclein to the GIT in a region-dependent manner, along with variations closely associated with regional differences in the expression of gut-vascular barrier markers. The investigation further revealed that the infiltration of α-synuclein into the GIT was influenced significantly by butyrate and α-synuclein genotypes, which may also affect the GIT microbiome directly. CONCLUSION By demonstrating the transportation of α-synuclein through RBC-EVs to the GIT, and its potential association with gut-vascular barrier markers and gut microbiome, this work highlights a potential mechanism by which RBC α-synuclein may impact PD initiation and/or progression. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Nanhu Brain-computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tessandra Stewart
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Can Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, China
- National Human Brain Bank for Health and Disease, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinghua Jin
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zongran Liu
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Guoyu Lan
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xingguang Liang
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lifu Sheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Zhijian Cai
- School of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Nanhu Brain-computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, China
- National Human Brain Bank for Health and Disease, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Keavney JL, Mathur S, Schroeder K, Merrell R, Castillo-Torres SA, Gao V, Crotty GF, Schwarzschild MA, Poma JM. Perspectives of People At-Risk on Parkinson's Prevention Research. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 14:399-414. [PMID: 38489198 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The movement toward prevention trials in people at-risk for Parkinson's disease (PD) is rapidly becoming a reality. The authors of this article include a genetically at-risk advocate with the LRRK2 G2019 S variant and two patients with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD), one of whom has now been diagnosed with PD. These authors participated as speakers, panelists, and moderators in the "Planning for Prevention of Parkinson's: A Trial Design Forum" hosted by Massachusetts General Hospital in 2021 and 2022. Other authors include a young onset person with Parkinson's (PwP) and retired family physician, an expert in patient engagement in Parkinson's, and early career and veteran movement disorders clinician researchers. Several themes emerged from the at-risk participant voice concerning the importance of early intervention, the legitimacy of their input in decision-making, and the desire for transparent communication and feedback throughout the entire research study process. Challenges and opportunities in the current environment include lack of awareness among primary care physicians and general neurologists about PD risk, legal and psychological implications of risk disclosure, limited return of individual research study results, and undefined engagement and integration of individuals at-risk into the broader Parkinson's community. Incorporating the perspectives of individuals at-risk as well as those living with PD at this early stage of prevention trial development is crucial to success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessi L Keavney
- Parkinson's Foundation, Parkinson's Advocates in Research Program, Pendergrass, GA, USA
| | | | - Karlin Schroeder
- Parkinson's Foundation, Associate Vice President of Community Engagement, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Sergio A Castillo-Torres
- Edmond J. Safra Fellow in Movement Disorders, Servicio de Movimientos Anormales, Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Virginia Gao
- Movement Disorders Fellow, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Grace F Crotty
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Schwarzschild
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John M Poma
- Parkinson's Foundation, People with Parkinson's Advisory Council, Glen Allen, VA, USA
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16
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da Silva Beraldo IJ, Prates Rodrigues M, Polanczyk RS, Verano-Braga T, Lopes-Aguiar C. Proteomic-Based Studies on Memory Formation in Normal and Neurodegenerative Disease-Affected Brains. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1443:129-158. [PMID: 38409419 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-50624-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
A critical aspect of cognition is the ability to acquire, consolidate, and evoke memories, which is considerably impaired by neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. These mnemonic processes are dependent on signaling cascades, which involve protein expression and degradation. Recent mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics has opened a range of possibilities for the study of memory formation and impairment, making it possible to research protein systems not studied before. However, in the context of synaptic proteome related to learning processes and memory formation, a deeper understanding of the synaptic proteome temporal dynamics after induction of synaptic plasticity and the molecular changes underlying the cognitive deficits seen in neurodegenerative diseases is needed. This review analyzes the applications of proteomics for understanding memory processes in both normal and neurodegenerative conditions. Moreover, the most critical experimental studies have been summarized using the PANTHER overrepresentation test. Finally, limitations associated with investigations of memory studies in physiological and neurodegenerative disorders have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikaro Jesus da Silva Beraldo
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Laboratório de Neurociências Comportamental e Molecular (LANEC), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mateus Prates Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Laboratório de Neurociências Comportamental e Molecular (LANEC), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Schuttenberg Polanczyk
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Laboratório de Neurociências Comportamental e Molecular (LANEC), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thiago Verano-Braga
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Núcleo de Proteômica Funcional (NPF), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica (INCT-Nanobiofar), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cleiton Lopes-Aguiar
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Laboratório de Neurociências Comportamental e Molecular (LANEC), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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17
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Iravani MM, Shoaib M. Executive dysfunction and cognitive decline, a non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease captured in animal models. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 174:231-255. [PMID: 38341231 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) have gained increasing attention in recent years due to their significant impact on patients' quality of life. Among these non-motor symptoms, cognitive dysfunction has emerged as an area of particular interest where the clinical aspects are covered in Chapter 2 of this volume. This chapter explores the rationale for investigating the underlying neurobiology of cognitive dysfunction by utilising translational animal models of PD, from rodents to non-human primates. The objective of this chapter is to review the various animal models of cognition that have explored the dysfunction in animal models of Parkinson's disease. Some of the more advanced pharmacological studies aimed at restoring these cognitive deficits are reviewed, although this chapter highlights the lack of systematic approaches in dealing with this non-motor symptom at the pre-clinical stages.
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18
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Onofrj M, Russo M, Delli Pizzi S, De Gregorio D, Inserra A, Gobbi G, Sensi SL. The central role of the Thalamus in psychosis, lessons from neurodegenerative diseases and psychedelics. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:384. [PMID: 38092757 PMCID: PMC10719401 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02691-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The PD-DLB psychosis complex found in Parkinson's disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) includes hallucinations, Somatic Symptom/Functional Disorders, and delusions. These disorders exhibit similar presentation patterns and progression. Mechanisms at the root of these symptoms also share similarities with processes promoting altered states of consciousness found in Rapid Eye Movement sleep, psychiatric disorders, or the intake of psychedelic compounds. We propose that these mechanisms find a crucial driver and trigger in the dysregulated activity of high-order thalamic nuclei set in motion by ThalamoCortical Dysrhythmia (TCD). TCD generates the loss of finely tuned cortico-cortical modulations promoted by the thalamus and unleashes the aberrant activity of the Default Mode Network (DMN). TCD moves in parallel with altered thalamic filtering of external and internal information. The process produces an input overload to the cortex, thereby exacerbating DMN decoupling from task-positive networks. These phenomena alter the brain metastability, creating dreamlike, dissociative, or altered states of consciousness. In support of this hypothesis, mind-altering psychedelic drugs also modulate thalamic-cortical pathways. Understanding the pathophysiological background of these conditions provides a conceptual bridge between neurology and psychiatry, thereby helping to generate a promising and converging area of investigation and therapeutic efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Onofrj
- Behavioral Neurology and Molecular Neurology Units, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology - CAST, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technology-ITAB University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Mirella Russo
- Behavioral Neurology and Molecular Neurology Units, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology - CAST, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technology-ITAB University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefano Delli Pizzi
- Behavioral Neurology and Molecular Neurology Units, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology - CAST, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technology-ITAB University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Danilo De Gregorio
- Division of Neuroscience, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Inserra
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gabriella Gobbi
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stefano L Sensi
- Behavioral Neurology and Molecular Neurology Units, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology - CAST, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technology-ITAB University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
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Villar-Conde S, Astillero-Lopez V, Gonzalez-Rodriguez M, Saiz-Sanchez D, Martinez-Marcos A, Ubeda-Banon I, Flores-Cuadrado A. Synaptic Involvement of the Human Amygdala in Parkinson's Disease. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100673. [PMID: 37947401 PMCID: PMC10700869 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein, a protein mostly present in presynaptic terminals, accumulates neuropathologically in Parkinson's disease in a 6-stage sequence and propagates in the nervous system in a prion-like manner through neurons and glia. In stage 3, the substantia nigra are affected, provoking motor symptoms and the amygdaloid complex, leading to different nonmotor symptoms; from here, synucleinopathy spreads to the temporal cortex and beyond. The expected increase in Parkinson's disease incidence accelerates the need for detection biomarkers; however, the heterogeneity of this disease, including pathological aggregates and pathophysiological pathways, poses a challenge in the search for new therapeutic targets and biomarkers. Proteomic analyses are lacking, and the literature regarding synucleinopathy, neural and glial involvement, and volume of the human amygdaloid complex is controversial. Therefore, the present study combines both proteomic and stereological probes. Data-independent acquisition-parallel accumulation of serial fragmentation proteomic analysis revealed a remarkable proteomic impact, especially at the synaptic level in the human amygdaloid complex in Parkinson's disease. Among the 199 differentially expressed proteins, guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 (GNAI1), elongation factor 1-alpha 1 (EEF1A1), myelin proteolipid protein (PLP1), neuroplastin (NPTN), 14-3-3 protein eta (YWHAH), gene associated with retinoic and interferon-induced mortality 19 protein (GRIM19), and orosomucoid-2 (ORM2) stand out as potential biomarkers in Parkinson's disease. Stereological analysis, however, did not reveal alterations regarding synucleinopathy, neural or glial populations, or volume changes. To our knowledge, this is the first proteomic study of the human amygdaloid complex in Parkinson's disease, and it identified possible biomarkers of the disease. Lewy pathology could not be sufficient to cause neurodegeneration or alteration of microglial and astroglial populations in the human amygdaloid complex in Parkinson's disease. Nevertheless, damage at the proteomic level is manifest, showing up significant synaptic involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Villar-Conde
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, CRIB, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Spain; Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain
| | - Veronica Astillero-Lopez
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, CRIB, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Spain; Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain
| | - Melania Gonzalez-Rodriguez
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, CRIB, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Spain; Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain
| | - Daniel Saiz-Sanchez
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, CRIB, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Spain; Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain
| | - Alino Martinez-Marcos
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, CRIB, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Spain; Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain.
| | - Isabel Ubeda-Banon
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, CRIB, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Spain; Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain.
| | - Alicia Flores-Cuadrado
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, CRIB, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Spain; Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain
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20
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Bigi A, Cascella R, Cecchi C. α-Synuclein oligomers and fibrils: partners in crime in synucleinopathies. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2332-2342. [PMID: 37282450 PMCID: PMC10360081 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.371345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The misfolding and aggregation of α-synuclein is the general hallmark of a group of devastating neurodegenerative pathologies referred to as synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy. In such conditions, a range of different misfolded aggregates, including oligomers, protofibrils, and fibrils, are present both in neurons and glial cells. Growing experimental evidence supports the proposition that soluble oligomeric assemblies, formed during the early phases of the aggregation process, are the major culprits of neuronal toxicity; at the same time, fibrillar conformers appear to be the most efficient at propagating among interconnected neurons, thus contributing to the spreading of α-synuclein pathology. Moreover, α-synuclein fibrils have been recently reported to release soluble and highly toxic oligomeric species, responsible for an immediate dysfunction in the recipient neurons. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about the plethora of mechanisms of cellular dysfunction caused by α-synuclein oligomers and fibrils, both contributing to neurodegeneration in synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bigi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberta Cascella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Cecchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Jurcau A, Andronie-Cioara FL, Nistor-Cseppento DC, Pascalau N, Rus M, Vasca E, Jurcau MC. The Involvement of Neuroinflammation in the Onset and Progression of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14582. [PMID: 37834030 PMCID: PMC10573049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease exhibiting the fastest growth in incidence in recent years. As with most neurodegenerative diseases, the pathophysiology is incompletely elucidated, but compelling evidence implicates inflammation, both in the central nervous system and in the periphery, in the initiation and progression of the disease, although it is not yet clear what triggers this inflammatory response and where it begins. Gut dysbiosis seems to be a likely candidate for the initiation of the systemic inflammation. The therapies in current use provide only symptomatic relief, but do not interfere with the disease progression. Nonetheless, animal models have shown promising results with therapies that target various vicious neuroinflammatory cascades. Translating these therapeutic strategies into clinical trials is still in its infancy, and a series of issues, such as the exact timing, identifying biomarkers able to identify Parkinson's disease in early and pre-symptomatic stages, or the proper indications of genetic testing in the population at large, will need to be settled in future guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Jurcau
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (A.J.); (D.C.N.-C.)
| | - Felicia Liana Andronie-Cioara
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (A.J.); (D.C.N.-C.)
| | - Delia Carmen Nistor-Cseppento
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (A.J.); (D.C.N.-C.)
| | - Nicoleta Pascalau
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (A.J.); (D.C.N.-C.)
| | - Marius Rus
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Elisabeta Vasca
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine “Vasile Goldis” Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania
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Amina E. Essawy, Matta CA, Nabil B, Elkader HTAEA, Alhasani RH, Soffar AA. Neuroprotective Effect of Curcumin on the Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease Induced by Rotenone via Modulating Tyrosine Hydroxylase and Dopa Decarboxylase Expression Levels. NEUROCHEM J+ 2023; 17:457-466. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712423030091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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23
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Alghamdi AM, Al-Abbasi FA, AlGhamdi SA, Fatima F, Alzarea SI, Kazmi I. Rosinidin inhibits NF-κB/ Nrf2/caspase-3 expression and restores neurotransmitter levels in rotenone-activated Parkinson's disease. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103656. [PMID: 37187936 PMCID: PMC10176079 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The examination was sighted to study the preventive effects of rosinidin against rotenone-activated Parkinson's disease in rats. Methods Animals were randamoized into five groups: I-saline, II-rotenone (0.5 mg/kg/b.wt.), III- IV-10 and 20 mg/kg rosinidin after rotenone and V-20 mg/kg rosinidin per se for 28 days and were assigned for behavioral analysis., Biochemical parameters i.e. lipid peroxidation, endogenous antioxidants, nitrite level, neurotransmitter levels, proinflammatory biomarkers such as interleukin- 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, nuclear factor kappa B, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and caspase-3 were assessed on the 29th day of the research. Results Rosinidin augmented the effectiveness of rotenone on akinesia, catalepsy, forced-swim test, rotarod, and open-field test. Biochemical findings indicated that treatment of rosinidin showed restoring neuroinflammatory cytokines, antioxidants, and neurotransmitter levels in rotenone-injected rats. Conclusion As a result of rosinidin treatment, the brain was protected from oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage and inhibited neuroinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira M. Alghamdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shareefa A. AlGhamdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhat Fatima
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I. Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author.
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24
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Ojha S, Patil N, Jain M, Kole C, Kaushik P. Probiotics for Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systemic Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11041083. [PMID: 37110506 PMCID: PMC10140855 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11041083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (ND) are a group of conditions that affect the neurons in the brain and spinal cord, leading to their degeneration and eventually causing the loss of function in the affected areas. These disorders can be caused by a range of factors, including genetics, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices. Major pathological signs of these diseases are protein misfolding, proteosomal dysfunction, aggregation, inadequate degradation, oxidative stress, free radical formation, mitochondrial dysfunctions, impaired bioenergetics, DNA damage, fragmentation of Golgi apparatus neurons, disruption of axonal transport, dysfunction of neurotrophins (NTFs), neuroinflammatory or neuroimmune processes, and neurohumoral symptoms. According to recent studies, defects or imbalances in gut microbiota can directly lead to neurological disorders through the gut-brain axis. Probiotics in ND are recommended to prevent cognitive dysfunction, which is a major symptom of these diseases. Many in vivo and clinical trials have revealed that probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Lactobacillus casei, etc.) are effective candidates against the progression of ND. It has been proven that the inflammatory process and oxidative stress can be modulated by modifying the gut microbiota with the help of probiotics. As a result, this study provides an overview of the available data, bacterial variety, gut-brain axis defects, and probiotics' mode of action in averting ND. A literature search on particular sites, including PubMed, Nature, and Springer Link, has identified articles that might be pertinent to this subject. The search contains the following few groups of terms: (1) Neurodegenerative disorders and Probiotics OR (2) Probiotics and Neurodegenerative disorders. The outcomes of this study aid in elucidating the relationship between the effects of probiotics on different neurodegenerative disorders. This systematic review will assist in discovering new treatments in the future, as probiotics are generally safe and cause mild side effects in some cases in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Ojha
- Cell & Developmental Biology Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India
| | - Nil Patil
- Cell & Developmental Biology Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India
| | - Mukul Jain
- Cell & Developmental Biology Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India
| | | | - Prashant Kaushik
- Instituto de Conservacióny Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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25
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Lyra P, Machado V, Rota S, Chaudhuri KR, Botelho J, Mendes JJ. Revisiting Alpha-Synuclein Pathways to Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087137. [PMID: 37108299 PMCID: PMC10138587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) is a short presynaptic protein with an active role on synaptic vesicle traffic and the neurotransmitter release and reuptake cycle. The α-Syn pathology intertwines with the formation of Lewy Bodies (multiprotein intraneuronal aggregations), which, combined with inflammatory events, define various α-synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD). In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on α-Syn mechanistic pathways to inflammation, as well as the eventual role of microbial dysbiosis on α-Syn. Furthermore, we explore the possible influence of inflammatory mitigation on α-Syn. In conclusion, and given the rising burden of neurodegenerative disorders, it is pressing to clarify the pathophysiological processes underlying α-synucleinopathies, in order to consider the mitigation of existing low-grade chronic inflammatory states as a potential pathway toward the management and prevention of such conditions, with the aim of starting to search for concrete clinical recommendations in this particular population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Lyra
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
- Evidence-Based Hub, CiiEM, Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Machado
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
- Evidence-Based Hub, CiiEM, Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
| | - Silvia Rota
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Kallol Ray Chaudhuri
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - João Botelho
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
- Evidence-Based Hub, CiiEM, Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
| | - José João Mendes
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
- Evidence-Based Hub, CiiEM, Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
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26
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Boonpraman N, Yoon S, Kim CY, Moon JS, Yi SS. NOX4 as a critical effector mediating neuroinflammatory cytokines, myeloperoxidase and osteopontin, specifically in astrocytes in the hippocampus in Parkinson's disease. Redox Biol 2023; 62:102698. [PMID: 37058998 PMCID: PMC10123376 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction have been believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of aging and neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). The excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increases with age and causes a redox imbalance, which contributes to the neurotoxicity of PD. Accumulating evidence suggests that NADPH oxidase (NOX)-derived ROS, especially NOX4, belong to the NOX family and is one of the major isoforms expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), associated with the progression of PD. We have previously shown that NOX4 activation regulates ferroptosis via astrocytic mitochondrial dysfunction. We have previously shown that activation of NOX4 regulates ferroptosis through mitochondrial dysfunction in astrocytes. However, it remains unclear why an increase in NOX4 in neurodegenerative diseases leads to astrocyte cell death by certain mediators. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate how NOX4 in the hippocampus is involved in PD by comparing an MPTP-induced PD mouse model compared to human PD patients. We could detect that the hippocampus was dominantly associated with elevated levels of NOX4 and α-synuclein during PD and the neuroinflammatory cytokines, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and osteopontin (OPN), were upregulated particularly in astrocytes. Intriguingly, NOX4 suggested a direct intercorrelation with MPO and OPN in the hippocampus. Upregulation of MPO and OPN induces mitochondrial dysfunction by suppressing five protein complexes in the mitochondrial electron transport system (ETC) and increases the level of 4-HNE leading to ferroptosis in human astrocytes. Overall, our findings indicate that the elevation of NOX4 cooperated with the MPO and OPN inflammatory cytokines through mitochondrial aberration in hippocampal astrocytes during PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napissara Boonpraman
- Bk21 Four Program, Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, South Korea
| | - Sunmi Yoon
- Bk21 Four Program, Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, South Korea
| | - Chae Young Kim
- Bk21 Four Program, Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, South Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Moon
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Shin Yi
- Bk21 Four Program, Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Yoshida K, Hata Y, Ichimata S, Okada K, Nishida N. Argyrophilic grain disease is common in older adults and may be a risk factor for suicide: a study of Japanese forensic autopsy cases. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:16. [PMID: 37004112 PMCID: PMC10067165 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00352-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathological diagnosis of argyrophilic grain disease (AGD) is currently based primarily on the combination of argyrophilic grain (AG) visualized using Gallyas-Braak silver staining, phosphorylated tau-positive pretangles, coiled bodies, and ballooned neuron detection. Although AGD is common in patients with dementia and/or prominent psychiatric symptoms, whether it is a distinct neurological disease entity or a by-product of the aging process remains unclear. METHODS In 1449 serial forensic autopsy cases > 40 years old (823 males and 525 females, aged 40-101 years, mean age 70.0 ± 14.1 years), we examined the frequency and comorbid pathology of AGD cases and investigated the clinical appearance by comparing those with non-AGD cases using the propensity score. RESULTS Of the 1449 cases, we detected 342 AGD cases (23.6%; mean age 79.7 years; 177 males and 165 females). The AGD frequency and stage increased with age (P < 0.001). Among AGD cases, 80 (23.4%) patients had dementia, and 51 (15.2%) had a history of psychiatric hospital visits. The frequency of suicide and history of psychiatric disorders were significantly higher in AGD cases than in AGD-negative cases, matched for age, sex, and comorbidity pathology, with a relative risk of suicide of 1.72 (1.30-2.26). The frequency of suicide was significantly higher in AGD cases than in non-AGD cases in female but not male cases. The relative risk of suicide increased to 2.27 (1.20-4.30) and 6.50 (1.58-26.76) in AGD patients with Lewy and progressive supranuclear palsy pathology, respectively, and decreased to 0.88 (0.38-2.10) in those with advanced AD pathology. In AGD cases, 23.4% had dementia; however, the difference was not significant after controlling for age, sex, and comorbid pathology. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that AGD is a significant and isolated risk factor for psychiatric hospital visits and suicide completion. In older adults, AGs may contribute to the progression of functional impairment of the limbic system, which leads to psychiatric disorders and suicide attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Yoshida
- Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Krembil Discovery Tower, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard Ave Toronto On, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yukiko Hata
- Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shojiro Ichimata
- Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Krembil Discovery Tower, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard Ave Toronto On, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Keitaro Okada
- Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Naoki Nishida
- Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
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28
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Shadrina MI, Slominsky PA. Genetic Architecture of Parkinson's Disease. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:417-433. [PMID: 37076287 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923030100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Year 2022 marks 25 years since the first mutation in familial autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease was identified. Over the years, our understanding of the role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of familial and idiopathic forms of Parkinson's disease has expanded significantly - a number of genes for the familial form of the disease have been identified, and DNA markers for an increased risk of developing its sporadic form have been found. But, despite all the success achieved, we are far from an accurate assessment of the contribution of genetic and, even more so, epigenetic factors to the disease development. The review summarizes the information accumulated to date on the genetic architecture of Parkinson's disease and formulates issues that need to be addressed, which are primarily related to the assessment of epigenetic factors in the disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Shadrina
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Kurchatov Institute National Research Centre, Moscow, 123182, Russia.
| | - Petr A Slominsky
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Kurchatov Institute National Research Centre, Moscow, 123182, Russia
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29
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Landelle C, Dahlberg LS, Lungu O, Misic B, De Leener B, Doyon J. Altered Spinal Cord Functional Connectivity Associated with Parkinson's Disease Progression. Mov Disord 2023; 38:636-645. [PMID: 36802374 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) has traditionally been viewed as an α-synucleinopathy brain pathology. Yet evidence based on postmortem human and animal experimental models indicates that the spinal cord may also be affected. OBJECTIVE Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) seems to be a promising candidate to better characterize spinal cord functional organization in PD patients. METHODS Resting-state spinal fMRI was performed in 70 PD patients and 24 age-matched healthy controls, the patients being divided into three groups based on their motor symptom severity: PDlow (n = 24), PDmed (n = 22), and PDadv (n = 24) groups. A combination of independent component analysis (ICA) and a seed-based approach was applied. RESULTS When pooling all participants, the ICA revealed distinct ventral and dorsal components distributed along the rostro-caudal axis. This organization was highly reproducible within subgroups of patients and controls. PD severity, assessed by Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores, was associated with a decrease in spinal functional connectivity (FC). Notably, we observed a reduced intersegmental correlation in PD as compared to controls, the latter being negatively associated with patients' upper-limb UPDRS scores (P = 0.0085). This negative association between FC and upper-limb UPDRS scores was significant between adjacent C4-C5 (P = 0.015) and C5-C6 (P = 0.20) cervical segments, levels associated with upper-limb functions. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides the first evidence of spinal cord FC changes in PD and opens new avenues for the effective diagnosis and therapeutic strategies in PD. This underscores how spinal cord fMRI can serve as a powerful tool to characterize, in vivo, spinal circuits for a variety of neurological diseases. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Landelle
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Linda Solstrand Dahlberg
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ovidiu Lungu
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bratislav Misic
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benjamin De Leener
- Department of Computer Engineering and Software Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julien Doyon
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Guo Q, Kawahata I, Jia W, Wang H, Cheng A, Yabuki Y, Shioda N, Fukunaga K. α-Synuclein decoy peptide protects mice against α-synuclein-induced memory loss. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:1547-1560. [PMID: 36786129 PMCID: PMC10173724 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS We previously found that a decoy peptide derived from the C-terminal sequence of α-Synuclein (αSyn) prevents cytotoxic αSyn aggregation caused by fatty acid-binding protein 3 (FABP3) in vitro. In this study, we continued to utilize αSyn-derived peptides to further validate their effects on αSyn neurotoxicity and behavioral impairments in αSyn preformed fibrils (PFFs)-injected mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS Mice were injected with αSyn PFFs in the bilateral olfactory bulb (OB) and then were subjected to behavioral analysis at 2-week intervals post-injection. Peptides nasal administration was initiated one week after injection. Changes in phosphorylation of αSyn and neuronal damage in the OB were measured using immunostaining at week 4. The effect of peptides on the interaction between αSyn and FABP3 was examined using co-immunoprecipitation. RESULTS αSyn PFF-injected mice showed significant memory loss but no motor function impairment. Long-term nasal treatment with peptides effectively prevented memory impairment. In peptide-treated αSyn PFF-injected mice, the peptides entered the OB smoothly through the nasal cavity and were mainly concentrated in neurons in the mitral cell layer, significantly suppressing the excessive phosphorylation of αSyn and reducing the formation of αSyn-FABP3 oligomers, thereby preventing neuronal death. The addition of peptides also blocked the interaction of αSyn and FABP3 at the recombinant protein level, and its effect was strongest at molar concentrations comparable to those of αSyn and FABP3. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the αSyn decoy peptide represents a novel therapeutic approach for reducing the accumulation of toxic αSyn-FABP3 oligomers in the brain, thereby preventing the progression of synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Department of CNS Drug Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kawahata
- Department of CNS Drug Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Wenbin Jia
- Department of CNS Drug Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Haoyang Wang
- Department of CNS Drug Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - An Cheng
- Department of CNS Drug Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yabuki
- Department of Genomic Neurology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Norifumi Shioda
- Department of Genomic Neurology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of CNS Drug Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,BRI Pharma Incorporated, Sendai, Japan
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Song S, Tu D, Meng C, Liu J, Wilson B, Wang Q, Shih YYI, Gao HM, Hong JS. Dysfunction of the noradrenergic system drives inflammation, α-synucleinopathy, and neuronal loss in mouse colon. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1083513. [PMID: 36845109 PMCID: PMC9950510 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1083513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical and pathological evidence revealed that α-synuclein (α-syn) pathology seen in PD patients starts in the gut and spreads via anatomically connected structures from the gut to the brain. Our previous study demonstrated that depletion of central norepinephrine (NE) disrupted brain immune homeostasis, producing a spatiotemporal order of neurodegeneration in the mouse brain. The purpose of this study was 1) to determine the role of peripheral noradrenergic system in the maintenance of gut immune homeostasis and in the pathogenesis of PD and 2) to investigate whether NE-depletion induced PD-like α-syn pathological changes starts from the gut. For these purposes, we investigated time-dependent changes of α-synucleinopathy and neuronal loss in the gut following a single injection of DSP-4 (a selective noradrenergic neurotoxin) to A53T-SNCA (human mutant α-syn) over-expression mice. We found DPS-4 significantly reduced the tissue level of NE and increased immune activities in gut, characterized by increased number of phagocytes and proinflammatory gene expression. Furthermore, a rapid-onset of α-syn pathology was observed in enteric neurons after 2 weeks and delayed dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra was detected after 3-5 months, associated with the appearance of constipation and impaired motor function, respectively. The increased α-syn pathology was only observed in large, but not in the small, intestine, which is similar to what was observed in PD patients. Mechanistic studies reveal that DSP-4-elicited upregulation of NADPH oxidase (NOX2) initially occurred only in immune cells during the acute intestinal inflammation stage, and then spread to enteric neurons and mucosal epithelial cells during the chronic inflammation stage. The upregulation of neuronal NOX2 correlated well with the extent of α-syn aggregation and subsequent enteric neuronal loss, suggesting that NOX2-generated reactive oxygen species play a key role in α-synucleinopathy. Moreover, inhibiting NOX2 by diphenyleneiodonium or restoring NE function by salmeterol (a β2-receptor agonist) significantly attenuated colon inflammation, α-syn aggregation/propagation, and enteric neurodegeneration in the colon and ameliorated subsequent behavioral deficits. Taken together, our model of PD shows a progressive pattern of pathological changes from the gut to the brain and suggests a potential role of the noradrenergic dysfunction in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Song
- Neuropharmacology Section, Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Caroline at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Dezhen Tu
- Neuropharmacology Section, Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Institute for Brain Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, School of medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengbo Meng
- In Vivo Neurobiology Group, Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Jie Liu
- Neuropharmacology Section, Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Belinda Wilson
- Neuropharmacology Section, Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Qingshan Wang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R & D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yen-Yu Ian Shih
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Caroline at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Hui-Ming Gao
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Institute for Brain Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, School of medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jau-Shyong Hong
- Neuropharmacology Section, Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
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Dodel R. [Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer type dementia-Pathophysiology and drug treatment approaches]. INNERE MEDIZIN (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 64:113-120. [PMID: 36645435 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-022-01463-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Symptomatically effective forms of treatment for neurodegenerative diseases have been developed in the last 50 years based on the knowledge about the pathophysiological and neurochemical context in the central nervous system. These so far represent the basis of available treatment options. Knowledge of the pathophysiological and neurochemical context, however, is not only necessary for the development of treatment but also enables a meaningful implementation of currently available substances. The most important neuropathological and neurochemical alterations that characterize Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer type dementia are briefly presented. In recent years, new substances ranging from symptomatic to disease-modifying treatment options have been developed, the latter mostly based on the neuropathologically detectable alterations. Recent results from clinical studies raise hopes that disease-modifying treatment options for neurodegenerative diseases will become available in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Dodel
- Lehrstuhl für Geriatrie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 171, 45147, Essen, Deutschland.
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Huckemann S, Mueller K, Averdunk P, Kühn E, Hilker L, Kools S, Scholz L, Bulut Y, Brünger J, Fiegert S, Grüter T, Fisse AL, Motte J, Yoon MS, Gold R, Schneider-Gold C, Tönges L, Pitarokoili K. Vagal cross-sectional area correlates with parasympathetic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad006. [PMID: 36726777 PMCID: PMC9883711 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this prospective study was to investigate autonomic function in Parkinson's disease with a multidimensional approach including clinical evaluation tools, head-up tilt test and morphological studies of the vagus nerve. Head-up tilt test parameters including high frequency power of the heart frequency interval, the ratio of low frequency power of the distance between two consecutive R waves in electrocardiogram (RR interval) to the high frequency and low frequency power of systolic blood pressure were used to evaluate parasympathetic, cardiac sympathetic and vasomotor sympathetic functions, respectively, in 80 patients with Parkinson's disease. We examined the cross-sectional area of the vagus nerves bilaterally using nerve ultrasound and compared mean values with a control group of healthy subjects (n = 40) as well as patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (n = 76). The cross-sectional area of right/left vagus nerve of Parkinson's patients was significantly lower compared to the right/left vagus nerve of the control group and of chronic demyelinating polyneuropathy patients. Furthermore, the cross-sectional area of the right vagus nerve was significantly larger from the one of the left vagus nerve for all groups. Based on tilt test, 43 patients (disease duration 7 ± 5, age at evaluation 71 ± 9, Hoehn and Yahr score 2.8 ± 8) were diagnosed with autonomic dysfunction (orthostatic hypertension n = 11, chronotropic incompetence n = 31, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome n = 1). Patients with orthostatic hypotension showed significantly higher Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-III values than those with chronotropic incompetence. The cross-sectional area of the vagus nerve correlated inversely with heart rate in rest and supine position and positively with tilt test parameters representing parasympathetic modulation through vagal activity [high frequency power of the distance between two consecutive R waves in electrocardiogram (RR interval)] at rest. We demonstrate for the first time that morphological characteristics of the vagus nerve correlate with parameters of parasympathetic function from the spectral analysis of cardiovascular parameters in tilt test for Parkinson's patients. This correlation reveals the impact of the atrophy of vagal atrophy for autonomic function in Parkinson's disease. Nerve ultrasound of the vagus nerve could potentially be used as an adjunct to tilt table examination to diagnose autonomic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Huckemann
- Correspondence may also be addressed to: Sophie Huckemann E-mail:
| | - Katharina Mueller
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Paulina Averdunk
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Eva Kühn
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lovis Hilker
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Saskia Kools
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Leonard Scholz
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Yesim Bulut
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jil Brünger
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sean Fiegert
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Grüter
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Fisse
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jeremias Motte
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Min-Suk Yoon
- Department of Neurology, Augusta Clinic, Hattingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Gold
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Lars Tönges
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany,Neurodegeneration Research, Centre for Protein Diagnostics (ProDi), Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kalliopi Pitarokoili
- Correspondence to: Kalliopi Pitarokoili, MD, MSc Department of Neurology, Ruhr University St. Josef-Hospital, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany E-mail:
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Xie L, Chen D, Zhu X, Cheng C. Efficacy and safety of probiotics in Parkinson's constipation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1007654. [PMID: 36703760 PMCID: PMC9871263 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1007654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease closely related to the immune system, among whose prodromes constipation is a representative symptom. Recent Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) have proved that probiotics can be used to effectively treat PD constipation, but the results are inconsistent. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of probiotic therapy on Parkinson's constipation. Methods: Questions about the research focus were constructed based on the Participants, Intervention, Comparison and Outcomes (PICO) Criteria. We searched electronic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, EBSCO, Cochrane and Google Scholar until March 2022 for eligible literatures. Our primary endpoints were stool frequency, stool consistency, the number of laxatives uses, UPDRS-III scores and adverse events. Results: 12 eligible studies (n = 818 patients) met the inclusion and endpoint criteria. Meta-analysis results showed that constipation symptoms were improved after probiotic treatment, including an increased stool frequency (WMD = 0.94, 95% CI:0.53 to 1.34; OR = 3.22, 95% CI:1.97-5.29), an improved stool consistency (WMD = 1.46, 95% CI:0.54-2.37), a reduced use of laxatives (WMD = -0.72, 95%CI: -1.04 to-0.41), and also a reduced Parkinson's UPDRS-III score (WMD = -6.58, 95%CI: -12.02 to -1.14); there was no significant difference in total adverse events (OR = 0.82, 95%CI:0.39-1.72). Conclusion: Our analysis suggests that probiotics can be used to improve the constipation and motor symptoms for patients with Parkinson's constipation, possibly by reducing the inflammatory response and improving gut-brain axis neuron function, whose safety also proved to be good.
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Yang Z, Wang Y, Wei M, Li S, Jia C, Cheng C, Al-Nusaif M, Zhang J, Liu C, Le W. Intrastriatal injection of Parkinson's disease intestine and vagus lysates initiates α-synucleinopathy in rat brain. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:4. [PMID: 36604420 PMCID: PMC9814765 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05531-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain and the pathological accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein (α-syn) in the brain. A growing body of evidence suggests that the formation of misfolded α-syn and aggregation may begin in the peripheral nervous system, specifically the enteric nervous system, and then propagate to the central nervous system via the vagus nerve. However, the PD-like neuropathology induced by the intestine and vagus nerve extracts is rarely investigated. In this work, we injected lysates of the intestine and vagus obtained from a diagnosed PD patient, which contained abnormal α-syn aggregates, into the rat striatum unilaterally. Strikingly, such an injection induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration and α-syn depositions in the striatum, substantia nigra, and other brain regions, including the frontal cortex, somatosensory cortex, hypothalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Moreover, significant activation of microglia and the development of astrogliosis were observed in the substantia nigra pars compacta of the injected rats. These findings provide essential information for our understanding of PD pathogenesis, as we established for the first time that the α-syn aggregates in the intestine and vagus of a PD patient were sufficient to induce prion-like propagation of endogenous α-syn pathology in wild-type rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofei Yang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Min Wei
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Song Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Congcong Jia
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Murad Al-Nusaif
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Weidong Le
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China.
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences-Sichuan Provincial Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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Multifaceted Pharmacological Potentials of Curcumin, Genistein, and Tanshinone IIA through Proteomic Approaches: An In-Depth Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010249. [PMID: 36612248 PMCID: PMC9818426 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals possess various intriguing pharmacological properties against diverse pathological conditions. Extensive studies are on-going to understand the structural/functional properties of phytochemicals as well as the molecular mechanisms of their therapeutic function against various disease conditions. Phytochemicals such as curcumin (Cur), genistein (Gen), and tanshinone-IIA (Tan IIA) have multifaceted therapeutic potentials and various efforts are in progress to understand the molecular dynamics of their function with different tools and technologies. Cur is an active lipophilic polyphenol with pleiotropic function, and it has been shown to possess various intriguing properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anticancer, and anti-genotoxic properties besides others beneficial properties. Similarly, Gen (an isoflavone) exhibits a wide range of vital functions including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, pro-apoptotic, anti-proliferative, anti-angiogenic activities etc. In addition, Tan IIA, a lipophilic compound, possesses antioxidant, anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer activities, and so on. Over the last few decades, the field of proteomics has garnered great momentum mainly attributed to the recent advancement in mass spectrometry (MS) techniques. It is envisaged that the proteomics technology has considerably contributed to the biomedical research endeavors lately. Interestingly, they have also been explored as a reliable approach to understand the molecular intricacies related to phytochemical-based therapeutic interventions. The present review provides an overview of the proteomics studies performed to unravel the underlying molecular intricacies of various phytochemicals such as Cur, Gen, and Tan IIA. This in-depth study will help the researchers in better understanding of the pharmacological potential of the phytochemicals at the proteomics level. Certainly, this review will be highly instrumental in catalyzing the translational shift from phytochemical-based biomedical research to clinical practice in the near future.
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Chronic Treatment with the Probiotics Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium lactis BB12 Attenuates Motor Impairment, Striatal Microglial Activation, and Dopaminergic Loss in Rats with 6-Hydroxydopamine-induced Hemiparkinsonism. Neuroscience 2022; 507:79-98. [PMID: 36370934 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis is considered a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD), and chronic treatment with probiotics could prevent it. Here we report the assessment of a probiotic mixture [Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), and Bifidobacterium animalis lactis BB-12 (BB-12)] administered to male rats 2 weeks before and 3 weeks after injecting 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the right striatum, a model that mimics the early stages of PD. Before and after lesion, animals were subjected to behavioral tests: narrow beam, cylinder test, and apomorphine (APO)-induced rotations. Dopaminergic (DA) denervation and microglia recruitment were assessed with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH+) and ionized calcium-binding protein-1 adapter (Iba1+) immunostaining, respectively. Post 6-OHDA injury, rats treated with sunflower oil (probiotics vehicle) developed significant decrease in crossing speed and increases in contralateral paw slips (narrow beam), forepaw use asymmetry (cylinder), and APO-induced rotations. In striatum, 6-OHDA eliminated ≈2/3 of TH+ area and caused significant increase of Iba1+ microglia population. Retrograde axonal degeneration suppressed ≈2/5 of TH+ neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). In hemiparkinsonian rats, probiotics treatment significantly improved the crossing speed, and also reduced paw slips (postlesion days 14 and 21), the loss of TH+ neurons in SNpc, and the loss of TH+ area and of Iba1+ microglia count in striatum, without affecting the proportion of microglia morphological phenotypes. Probiotics treatment did not attenuate forepaw use asymmetry nor APO-induced rotations. These results indicate that the mixture of probiotics LGG and BB-12 protects nigrostriatal DA neurons against 6-OHDA-induced damage, supporting their potential as preventive treatment of PD.
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Magaña JC, Deus CM, Giné-Garriga M, Montané J, Pereira SP. Exercise-Boosted Mitochondrial Remodeling in Parkinson's Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123228. [PMID: 36551984 PMCID: PMC9775656 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons resulting in dopamine deficiency in the striatum. Given the estimated escalation in the number of people with PD in the coming decades, interventions aimed at minimizing morbidity and improving quality of life are crucial. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are intrinsic factors related to PD pathogenesis. Accumulating evidence suggests that patients with PD might benefit from various forms of exercise in diverse ways, from general health improvements to disease-specific effects and, potentially, disease-modifying effects. However, the signaling and mechanism connecting skeletal muscle-increased activity and brain remodeling are poorly elucidated. In this review, we describe skeletal muscle-brain crosstalk in PD, with a special focus on mitochondrial effects, proposing mitochondrial dysfunction as a linker in the muscle-brain axis in this neurodegenerative disease and as a promising therapeutic target. Moreover, we outline how exercise secretome can improve mitochondrial health and impact the nervous system to slow down PD progression. Understanding the regulation of the mitochondrial function by exercise in PD may be beneficial in defining interventions to delay the onset of this neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Magaña
- Blanquerna Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Sciences, Ramon Llull University, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cláudia M. Deus
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.M.D.); (J.M.)
| | - Maria Giné-Garriga
- Blanquerna Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Sciences, Ramon Llull University, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
- Blanquerna Faculty of Health Sciences, Ramon Llull University, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joel Montané
- Blanquerna Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Sciences, Ramon Llull University, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
- Blanquerna Faculty of Health Sciences, Ramon Llull University, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.M.D.); (J.M.)
| | - Susana P. Pereira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4150-564 Porto, Portugal
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Distribution of Lewy-related pathology in the brain, spinal cord, and periphery: the population-based Vantaa 85 + study. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:178. [PMID: 36510334 PMCID: PMC9743559 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01487-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolving evidence has supported the existence of two anatomically distinct Lewy-related pathology (LRP) types. Investigation of spinal cord and peripheral LRP can elucidate mechanisms of Lewy body disorders and origins of synuclein accumulation. Still, very few unselected studies have focused on LRP in these regions. Here we analysed LRP in spinal cord, dorsal root ganglion, and adrenal gland in the population-based Vantaa 85 + study, including every ≥ 85 years old citizen living in the city of Vantaa in 1991 (n = 601). Samples from spinal cord (C6-7, TH3-4, L3-4, S1-2) were available from 303, lumbar dorsal root ganglion from 219, and adrenal gland from 164 subjects. Semiquantitative scores of LRP were determined from immunohistochemically stained sections (anti-alpha-synuclein antibody 5G4). LRP in the ventral and dorsal horns of spinal cord, thoracic intermediolateral column, dorsal root ganglion and adrenal gland were compared with brain LRP, previously determined according to DLB Consortium criteria and by caudo-rostral versus amygdala-based LRP classification. Spinal LRP was found in 28% of the total population and in 61% of those who had LRP in the brain. Spinal cord LRP was found only in those subjects with LRP in the brain, and the quantity of spinal cord LRP was associated with the severity of brain LRP (p < 0.001). Unsupervised K-means analysis identified two cluster types of spinal and brain LRP corresponding to caudo-rostral and amygdala-based LRP types. The caudo-rostral LRP type exhibited more frequent and severe pathology in spinal cord, dorsal root ganglion and adrenal gland than the amygdala-based LRP type. Analysis of specific spinal cord regions showed that thoracic intermediolateral column and sacral dorsal horn were the most frequently affected regions in both LRP types. This population-based study on brain, spinal and peripheral LRP provides support to the concept of at least two distinct LRP types.
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Emery DC, Davies M, Cerajewska TL, Taylor J, Hazell M, Paterson A, Allen-Birt SJ, West NX. High resolution 16S rRNA gene Next Generation Sequencing study of brain areas associated with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1026260. [PMID: 36570533 PMCID: PMC9780557 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1026260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are neurodegenerative conditions characterized by incremental deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) and α-synuclein in AD and PD brain, respectively, in relatively conserved patterns. Both are associated with neuroinflammation, with a proposed microbial component for disease initiation and/or progression. Notably, Aβ and α-synuclein have been shown to possess antimicrobial properties. There is evidence for bacterial presence within the brain, including the oral pathobiont Porphyromonas gingivalis, with cognitive impairment and brain pathology being linked to periodontal (gum) disease and gut dysbiosis. Methods Here, we use high resolution 16S rRNA PCR-based Next Generation Sequencing (16SNGS) to characterize bacterial composition in brain areas associated with the early, intermediate and late-stage of the diseases. Results and discussion This study reveals the widespread presence of bacteria in areas of the brain associated with AD and PD pathology, with distinctly different bacterial profiles in blood and brain. Brain area profiles were overall somewhat similar, predominantly oral, with some bacteria subgingival and oronasal in origin, and relatively comparable profiles in AD and PD brain. However, brain areas associated with early disease development, such as the locus coeruleus, were substantially different in bacterial DNA content compared to areas affected later in disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mae Hazell
- Translational Health Sciences, Learning and Research, Bristol Medical School, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Paterson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol Genomics Facility, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Shelley J. Allen-Birt
- Translational Health Sciences, Learning and Research, Bristol Medical School, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola X. West
- Bristol Dental School, Bristol, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Nicola X. West,
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Fathy YY, Jonkman LE, Bol JJ, Timmermans E, Jonker AJ, Rozemuller AJM, van de Berg WDJ. Axonal degeneration in the anterior insular cortex is associated with Alzheimer's co-pathology in Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:52. [PMID: 36474289 PMCID: PMC9728006 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00325-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Axons, crucial for impulse transmission and cellular trafficking, are thought to be primary targets of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Axonal degeneration occurs early, preceeding and exceeding neuronal loss, and contributes to the spread of pathology, yet is poorly described outside the nigrostriatal circuitry. The insula, a cortical brain hub, was recently discovered to be highly vulnerable to pathology and plays a role in cognitive deficits in PD and DLB. The aim of this study was to evaluate morphological features as well as burden of proteinopathy and axonal degeneration in the anterior insular sub-regions in PD, PD with dementia (PDD), and DLB. METHODS α-Synuclein, phosphorylated (p-)tau, and amyloid-β pathology load were evaluated in the anterior insular (agranular and dysgranular) subregions of post-mortem human brains (n = 27). Axonal loss was evaluated using modified Bielschowsky silver staining and quantified using stereology. Cytoskeletal damage was comprehensively studied using immunofluorescent multi-labelling and 3D confocal laser-scanning microscopy. RESULTS Compared to PD and PDD, DLB showed significantly higher α-synuclein and p-tau pathology load, argyrophilic grains, and more severe axonal loss, particularly in the anterior agranular insula. Alternatively, the dysgranular insula showed a significantly higher load of amyloid-β pathology and its axonal density correlated with cognitive performance. p-Tau contributed most to axonal loss in the DLB group, was highest in the anterior agranular insula and significantly correlated with CDR global scores for dementia. Neurofilament and myelin showed degenerative changes including swellings, demyelination, and detachment of the axon-myelin unit. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the selective vulnerability of the anterior insular sub-regions to various converging pathologies, leading to impaired axonal integrity in PD, PDD and DLB, disrupting their functional properties and potentially contributing to cognitive, emotional, and autonomic deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Y. Fathy
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Amsterdam UMC, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije University Amsterdam, O
- 2 Life Sciences building, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Program Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ,grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Postbus 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laura E. Jonkman
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Amsterdam UMC, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije University Amsterdam, O
- 2 Life Sciences building, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Program Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John J. Bol
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Amsterdam UMC, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije University Amsterdam, O
- 2 Life Sciences building, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Program Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Evelien Timmermans
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Amsterdam UMC, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije University Amsterdam, O
- 2 Life Sciences building, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Program Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Allert J. Jonker
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Amsterdam UMC, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije University Amsterdam, O
- 2 Life Sciences building, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Program Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annemieke J. M. Rozemuller
- grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Program Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ,grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Amsterdam UMC, Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wilma D. J. van de Berg
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Amsterdam UMC, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije University Amsterdam, O
- 2 Life Sciences building, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Program Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Zhu C, Zhu J, Xiang Y, Bu XL, Jin WS, Wang YJ. A Conceptual Study on the Peripheral Clearance of Brain-Derived α-Synuclein in Humans. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:1485-1492. [PMID: 36278352 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal intracellular expression and aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) is the histopathological hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases especially Parkinson's disease. However, safe and efficient approaches to clear α-syn remain unavailable. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the process of peripheral catabolism of brain-derived α-syn. METHODS Thirty patients with atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) (left accessory pathways) who underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) were enrolled in this study. Blood was collected via catheters from superior vena cava (SVC), inferior vena cava (IVC) proximal to the hepatic vein (HV), the right femoral vein (FV), and femoral artery (FA) simultaneously during RFCA. Plasma α-syn levels of AVRT patients and soluble α-syn levels of the brain samples were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. RESULTS The α-syn concentrations in different locations of veins were divided by time-matched arterial α-syn concentrations to generate the venous/arterial (V/A) ratio. The V/A ratio of α-syn from the SVC was 1.204 (1.069-1.339, 95% CI), while the V/A ratio of α-syn from IVC was 0.831 (0.734-0.928, 95% CI), suggesting that brain-derived α-syn in the arterial blood was physiologically cleared while going through the peripheral organs and tissues. And it was estimated that about half of brain soluble α-syn could efflux and be cleared in the periphery. Moreover, the glomerular filtration rate was found correlated with V-A difference (FA-ICV) (p = 0.0272). CONCLUSION Under physiological conditions, brain-derived α-syn could efflux into and be catabolized by the peripheral system. The kidney may play a potential role in the clearance of α-syn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xian-Le Bu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wang-Sheng Jin
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Chen SD, Chuang YC, Lin TK, Yang JL. Alternative role of glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor agonists in neurodegenerative diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 938:175439. [PMID: 36470445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a crucial risk factor for common neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Limited options are available for the treatment of age-related, multiple pathogenic mechanism-contributed diseases that usually advance to irreversible conditions with severe neurological deficits and result in a heavy socioeconomic burden on patients, families, and society. A therapy that decelerates disease progression and reduces the socioeconomic burden stemming from these diseases is required. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is an important class of medication for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Through pancreatic effects, GLP-1R agonists can stimulate insulin secretion, increase β-cell proliferation, reduce β-cell apoptosis, and inhibit glucagon secretion in patients with T2DM. Currently, seven clinically approved GLP-1R agonists are used for T2DM: exenatide, liraglutide, lixisenatide, extended-release exenatide, albiglutide, dulaglutide, and semaglutide. Besides the pancreas, GLP-1Rs are also expressed in organs, such as the gastrointestinal tract, heart, lung, kidney, and brain, indicating their potential use in diseases other than T2DM. Emerging evidence reveals that GLP-1R agonists possess pleiotropic effects that enrich neurogenesis, diminish apoptosis, preclude neurons from oxidative stress, and reduce neuroinflammation in various neurological conditions. These favorable effects may also be employed in neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we reviewed the recent progress, both in preclinical studies and clinical trials, regarding these clinically used GLP-1R agonists in aging-related neurodegenerative diseases, mainly AD and PD. We stress the pleiotropic characteristics of GLP-1R agonists as repurposing drugs to target multiple pathological mechanisms and for use in the future for these devastating neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Der Chen
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City, 83301, Taiwan; Institute for Translation Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City, 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Yao-Chung Chuang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City, 83301, Taiwan; Institute for Translation Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City, 83301, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Tsu-Kung Lin
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City, 83301, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan; Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City, 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Jenq-Lin Yang
- Institute for Translation Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City, 83301, Taiwan.
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Wu Y, Yang YW, Gu SC, Zhang Y, Shi R, Wang CD, Yuan CX, Ye Q. The Importance of Early Identification for Parkinson's Disease Patients with Postural Instability and Gait Disturbance. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:6701519. [PMID: 36438683 PMCID: PMC9699743 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6701519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More and more evidence-based medicine has proved that Parkinson's disease (PD) patients of tremor-dominant (TD) and postural instability and gait difficulty (PIGD) subtype express great individual differences and heterogeneity. Early identification of different subtypes may be an important way to delay disease progression and improve patients' prognosis. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to compare the spectrum of motor symptoms (MS) and nonmotor symptoms (NMS) between TD and PIGD dominant in the early and middle stages of PD, and determine predictive factors that are associated with different motor subtypes. METHODS 292 PD patients in this study were divided into TD-PD and PIGD-PD, and the clinical characteristics between different motor subtypes were compared based on scales related to sleep, mood, and autonomic function. Univariate and multivariate ordered logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the independent influencing factors of disease severity between different motor subtypes. Through the establishment of binary logistic regression model, the potential independent risk factors for distinguishing TD-PD and PIGD-PD were studied. RESULTS Compared with TD subtype, patients with PIGD subtype have longer course of disease, higher disease severity, and higher daily dosage of levodopa. The severity of nontremor motor symptoms in PIGD-PD is greater than that of TD subtype. Only PIGD score was independently associated with disease severity for the two motor subtypes. Meanwhile, high scores (LED, total UPDRS, PIGD score, gastrointestinal, thermoregulatory, RBDSQ) and low tremor scores were the potential independent risk factors for distinguishing PIGD-PD from TD-PD. CONCLUSION Specific nonmotor symptoms (RBD, gastrointestinal function and thermoregulation function) were associated with the PIGD subtype. Prompt detection and early treatment of NMSs related to the PIGD subtype based on the treatment of motor symptoms may improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Wu
- Department of Neurology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi-Wen Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Si-Chun Gu
- Department of Neurology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Rong Shi
- Department of Emergency, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chang-De Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai TCM-integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 230 Baoding Road, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Can-Xing Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Neurology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Okada K, Hata Y, Ichimata S, Yoshida K, Nishida N. Pathological Appearance of a Case of Preclinical Multiple System Atrophy: A Comparison With Advanced Cases. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2022; 81:965-974. [PMID: 36303452 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlac096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the frequency of multiple system atrophy (MSA) in a large number of forensic autopsies and characterize the pathological appearance of preclinical MSA. We investigated a series of 1930 brains from forensic autopsies. In addition to performing immunohistochemistry for phosphorylated α-synuclein, the levels of 3 autonomic nervous system markers (catecholaminergic, serotonergic, and cholinergic) were used to assess the peripheral nerve (heart and superior cervical ganglion) and medulla oblongata. The results were compared to those of healthy control and Parkinson disease (PD) cases. Four cases (0.21%) were identified as having MSA. Cases 1-3 were symptomatic, and Case 4 was incipient; that is, although no neuronal loss was evident, the cerebellar dentate nucleus exhibited marked grumose degeneration. Immunohistochemistry revealed a marked reduction in autonomic nervous system marker levels expressed in the medulla; this reduction was more prominent in the 3 symptomatic MSA cases than in the PD case. The opposite occurred for the peripheral nerve. Case 4 exhibited mild cholinergic nerve reduction. Two cases showed possible significant pathological changes in the heart. Grumose degeneration, few oligodendroglial cytoplasmic inclusions without neuronal loss, and less reduction of autonomic nervous tissue were more prominent in the preclinical case than in symptomatic cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Okada
- From the Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hata
- From the Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shojiro Ichimata
- From the Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Krembil Discovery Tower, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Koji Yoshida
- From the Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Krembil Discovery Tower, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Naoki Nishida
- From the Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Crowley SJ, Amin M, Tanner JJ, Ding M, Mareci TA, Price CC. Free Water Fraction Predicts Cognitive Decline for Individuals with Idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2022; 104:72-77. [PMID: 36265295 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Free water fraction (FWF) is considered a metric of microstructural integrity and may be useful in predicting cognitive decline in idiopathic Parkinson's Disease (PD). We sought to determine if higher FWF within the dorsal portion of the caudate nucleus and basal nucleus of Meynert, two regions associated with cognitive decline in PD, predict change in cognition over a two-year span. Due to the existence of cognitive and neurophysiological subgroups within PD, we statistically categorized participants based on FWF in these regions. METHODS At baseline, participants completed a research cognitive protocol followed by MRI structural and diffusion metrics. We used k-means cluster analysis with average FWF values from bilateral basal nucleus of Meynert and dorsal caudate to create data-driven FWF clusters for baseline. Two-year reliable change indices were calculated for metrics of language, visuospatial, memory, cognitive flexibility, and reasoning domains. Reliable change scores were compared between the clusters and non-PD peers. RESULTS Baseline participants included 174 participants (112 PD, 62 non-PD). Cluster analysis yielded three clusters: low FWF in both regions of interest (ROIs), high FWF in both ROIs, and moderate FWF in both ROIs. Reliable change analyses were completed on 93 participants (67 PD, 26 non-PD). After controlling for age and education, the High FWF cluster declined more than non-PD peers in every domain except memory. CONCLUSION Individuals with high FWF in regions associated with cognitive decline in PD show significant decline across several cognitive domains compared to non-PD peers. Future research should include FWF in additional cortical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Crowley
- Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Manish Amin
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gainesville, FL, USA; McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jared J Tanner
- Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mingzhou Ding
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Thomas A Mareci
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gainesville, FL, USA; McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Catherine C Price
- Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Manfready RA, Goetz CG, Keshavarzian A. Intestinal microbiota and neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease: At the helm of the gut-brain axis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 167:81-99. [PMID: 36427960 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Emerging data suggest that disrupted intestinal microbiota, or dysbiosis, may be responsible for multiple features of Parkinson's disease (PD), from initiation, to progression, to therapeutic response. We have progressed greatly in our understanding of microbial signatures associated with PD, and have gained important insights into how dysbiosis and intestinal permeability promote neurodegeneration through neuroinflammation and Lewy body formation. These insights underscore the potential of microbiota-directed therapies, which include dietary, pharmacologic, and lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Manfready
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Christopher G Goetz
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States; Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States.
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GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Neurodegeneration: Neurovascular Unit in the Spotlight. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132023. [PMID: 35805109 PMCID: PMC9265397 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects in brain energy metabolism and proteopathic stress are implicated in age-related degenerative neuronopathies, exemplified by Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). As the currently available drug regimens largely aim to mitigate cognitive decline and/or motor symptoms, there is a dire need for mechanism-based therapies that can be used to improve neuronal function and potentially slow down the underlying disease processes. In this context, a new class of pharmacological agents that achieve improved glycaemic control via the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor has attracted significant attention as putative neuroprotective agents. The experimental evidence supporting their potential therapeutic value, mainly derived from cellular and animal models of AD and PD, has been discussed in several research reports and review opinions recently. In this review article, we discuss the pathological relevance of derangements in the neurovascular unit and the significance of neuron–glia metabolic coupling in AD and PD. With this context, we also discuss some unresolved questions with regard to the potential benefits of GLP-1 agonists on the neurovascular unit (NVU), and provide examples of novel experimental paradigms that could be useful in improving our understanding regarding the neuroprotective mode of action associated with these agents.
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Yang R, Gao G, Yang H. The Pathological Mechanism Between the Intestine and Brain in the Early Stage of Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:861035. [PMID: 35813958 PMCID: PMC9263383 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.861035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease. The main pathological features are progressive degeneration of neurons and abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein. At present, the pathogenesis of PD is not completely clear, and many changes in the intestinal tract may be the early pathogenic factors of PD. These changes affect the central nervous system (CNS) through both nervous and humoral pathways. α-Synuclein deposited in the intestinal nerve migrates upward along the vagus nerve to the brain. Inflammation and immune regulation mediated by intestinal immune cells may be involved, affecting the CNS through local blood circulation. In addition, microorganisms and their metabolites may also affect the progression of PD. Therefore, paying attention to the multiple changes in the intestinal tract may provide new insight for the early diagnosis and treatment of PD.
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Xu J, Wang L, Chen X, Le W. New Understanding on the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Constipation in Parkinson’s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:917499. [PMID: 35813960 PMCID: PMC9257174 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.917499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Constipation, one of the most common prodromal non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD), usually occurs several years earlier than the onset of motor symptoms. Previous studies have shown that constipation occurrence increases as the disease progresses. However, the mechanism underlying this pathologic disorder is not clear yet. Moreover, chronic constipation causes slowness in gastric emptying and, therefore, may lead to a delay in the absorption of medications for PD, including levodopa and dopamine agonists. Accordingly, it is necessary to understand how the pathophysiological factors contribute to constipation during PD as well as pursue precise and effective treatment strategies. In this review, we encapsulate the molecular mechanism of constipation underlying PD and update the progress in the treatments of PD-associated constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Xu
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
- Xi Chen Weidong Le
| | - Weidong Le
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
- Xi Chen Weidong Le
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