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Mitra D, Panneerselvam P, Chidambaranathan P, Nayak AK, Priyadarshini A, Senapati A, Mohapatra PKD. Strigolactone GR24-mediated mitigation of phosphorus deficiency through mycorrhization in aerobic rice. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2024; 6:100229. [PMID: 38525307 PMCID: PMC10958977 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a new class of plant hormones that play a significant role in regulating various aspects of plant growth promotion, stress tolerance and influence the rhizospheric microbiome. GR24 is a synthetic SL analog used in scientific research to understand the effects of SL on plants and to act as a plant growth promoter. This study aimed to conduct hormonal seed priming at different concentrations of GR24 (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 µM with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation in selected aerobic rice varieties (CR Dhan 201, CR Dhan 204, CR Dhan 205, and CR Dhan 207), Kasalath-IC459373 (P-tolerant check), and IR-36 (P-susceptible check) under phosphorus (P)-deficient conditions to understand the enhancement of growth and priming effects in mycorrhization. Our findings showed that seed priming with 5.0 µM SL GR24 enhanced the performance of mycorrhization in CR Dhan 205 (88.91 %), followed by CR Dhan 204 and 207, and AMF sporulation in CR Dhan 201 (31.98 spores / 10 gm soil) and CR Dhan 207 (30.29 spores / 10 g soil), as well as rice growth. The study showed that the highly responsive variety CR Dhan 207 followed by CR Dhan 204, 205, 201, and Kasalath IC459373 showed higher P uptake than the control, and AMF treated with 5.0 µM SL GR24 varieties CR Dhan 205 followed by CR Dhan 207 and 204 showed the best performance in plant growth, chlorophyll content, and soil functional properties, such as acid and alkaline phosphatase activity, soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), dehydrogenase activity (DHA), and fluorescein diacetate activity (FDA). Overall, AMF intervention with SL GR24 significantly increased plant growth, soil enzyme activity, and uptake of P compared to the control. Under P-deficient conditions, seed priming with 5.0 µM strigolactone GR24 and AMF inoculum significantly increased selected aerobic rice growth, P uptake, and soil enzyme activities. Application of SLs formulations with AMF inoculum in selected aerobic rice varieties, CR Dhan 207, CR Dhan 204, and CR Dhan 205, will play an important role in mycorrhization, growth, and enhancement of P utilization under P- nutrient deficient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasis Mitra
- Department of Microbiology, Raiganj University, Raiganj, Uttar Dinajpur, 733134 West Bengal, India
- ICAR – National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006 Odisha, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Ansuman Senapati
- ICAR – National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006 Odisha, India
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Mansoor S, Mir MA, Karunathilake EMBM, Rasool A, Ştefănescu DM, Chung YS, Sun HJ. Strigolactones as promising biomolecule for oxidative stress management: A comprehensive review. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108282. [PMID: 38147706 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones, which are a group of plant hormones, have emerged as promising biomolecules for effectively managing oxidative stress in plants. Oxidative stress occurs when the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceeds the plant's ability to detoxify or scavenge these harmful molecules. An elevation in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels often occurs in response to a range of stressors in plants. These stressors encompass both biotic factors, such as fungal, viral, or nematode attacks, as well as abiotic challenges like intense light exposure, drought, salinity, and pathogenic assaults. This ROS surge can ultimately lead to cellular harm and damage. One of the key ways in which strigolactones help mitigate oxidative stress is by stimulating the synthesis and accumulation of antioxidants. These antioxidants act as scavengers of ROS, neutralizing their harmful effects. Additionally, strigolactones also regulate stomatal closure, which reduces water loss and helps alleviate oxidative stress during conditions of drought stress or water deficiencies. By understanding and harnessing the capabilities of strigolactones, it becomes possible to enhance crop productivity and enable plants to withstand environmental stresses in the face of a changing climate. This comprehensive review provides an in-depth exploration of the various roles of strigolactones in plant growth, development, and response to various stresses, with a specific emphasis on their involvement in managing oxidative stress. Strigolactones also play a critical role in detoxifying ROS while regulating the expression of genes related to antioxidant defense pathways, striking a balance between ROS detoxification and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Mansoor
- Department of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mudasir A Mir
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, 190025, India
| | - E M B M Karunathilake
- Department of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Aatifa Rasool
- Department of Fruit Sciences, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, 190025, India
| | - Dragoş Mihail Ştefănescu
- Department of Biology and Environmental Engineering, University of Craiova, A.I.Cuza 13, 200585, Craiova, Romania
| | - Yong Suk Chung
- Department of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jin Sun
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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Ke D, Guo J, Li K, Wang Y, Han X, Fu W, Miao Y, Jia KP. Carotenoid-derived bioactive metabolites shape plant root architecture to adapt to the rhizospheric environments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:986414. [PMID: 36388571 PMCID: PMC9643742 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.986414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Roots are important plant organs for the uptake of water and nutrient elements. Plant root development is finely regulated by endogenous signals and environmental cues, which shapes the root system architecture to optimize the plant growth and adapt to the rhizospheric environments. Carotenoids are precursors of plant hormones strigolactones (SLs) and ABA, as well as multiple bioactive molecules. Numerous studies have demonstrated SLs and ABA as essential regulators of plant root growth and development. In addition, a lot carotenoid-derived bioactive metabolites are recently identified as plant root growth regulators, such as anchorene, β-cyclocitral, retinal and zaxinone. However, our knowledge on how these metabolites affect the root architecture to cope with various stressors and how they interact with each other during these processes is still quite limited. In the present review, we will briefly introduce the biosynthesis of carotenoid-derived root regulators and elaborate their biological functions on root development and architecture, focusing on their contribution to the rhizospheric environmental adaption of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jinggong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya, Hainan, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya, Hainan, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaomeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Weiwei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yuchen Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya, Hainan, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Kun-Peng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya, Hainan, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Li Z, Pi Y, Zhai C, Xu D, Ma W, Chen H, Li Y, Wu H. The strigolactone receptor SlDWARF14 plays a role in photosynthetic pigment accumulation and photosynthesis in tomato. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:2089-2105. [PMID: 35907035 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02908-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tomato DWARF14 regulates the development of roots, shoot branches and leaves, and also plays a role in photosynthetic pigment accumulation and photosynthetic capacity. Strigolactones (SLs) are a novel class of plant hormones. DWARF14 (D14) is the only SL receptor identified to date, but it is not functionally analyzed in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). In the present study, we identified the potential SL receptor in tomato by bioinformatic analysis, which was designated as SlD14. SlD14 was expressed in roots, stems, flowers and developing fruits, with the highest expression level in leaves. sld14 mutant plants produced by the CRISPR/Cas9 system displayed reduced plant height and root biomass, increased shoot branching and altered leaf shape comparing with WT plants. The cytokinin biosynthetic gene ISOPENTENYLTRANSFERASE 3 (SlIPT3), auxin biosynthetic genes FLOOZY (SlFZY) and TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE RELATED 1 (SlTAR1) and several auxin transport genes SlPINs, which are involved in branch formation, showed higher expression levels in the sld14 plant stem. In addition, sld14 plants exhibited light-green leaves, reduced chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, abnormal chloroplast structure and reduced photosynthetic capacity. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the transcript levels of six chlorophyll biosynthetic genes, three carotenoid biosynthetic genes and numerous chlorophyll a/b-binding protein genes were decreased in sld14 plants. These results suggest that tomato SL receptor gene SlD14 not only regulates the development of roots, shoot branches and leaves, but also plays a role in regulating photosynthetic pigment accumulation and photosynthetic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ying Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Changsheng Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenyao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Han Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Chen P, Ge Y, Chen L, Yan F, Cai L, Zhao H, Lei D, Jiang J, Wang M, Tao Y. SAV4 is required for ethylene-induced root hair growth through stabilizing PIN2 auxin transporter in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:1735-1752. [PMID: 35274300 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Root hair development is regulated by hormonal and environmental cues, such as ethylene and low phosphate. Auxin efflux carrier PIN2 (PIN-FORMED 2) plays an important role in establishing a proper auxin gradient in root tips, which is required for root hair development. Ethylene promotes root hair development through increasing PIN2 abundance in root tips, which subsequently leads to enhanced expression of auxin reporter genes. However, how PIN2 is regulated remains obscure. Here, we report that Arabidopsis thaliana sav4 (shade avoidance 4) mutant exhibits defects in ethylene-induced root hair development and in establishing a proper auxin gradient in root tips. Ethylene treatment increased SAV4 abundance in root tips. SAV4 and PIN2 co-localize to the shootward plasma membrane (PM) of root tip epidermal cells. SAV4 directly interacts with the PIN2 hydrophilic region (PIN2HL) and regulates PIN2 abundance on the PM. Vacuolar degradation of PIN2 is suppressed by ethylene, which was weakened in sav4 mutant. Furthermore, SAV4 affects the formation of PIN2 clusters and its lateral diffusion on the PM. In summary, we identified SAV4 as a novel regulator of PIN2 that enhances PIN2 membrane clustering and stability through direct protein-protein interactions. Our study revealed a new layer of regulation on PIN2 dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peirui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen Plant Genetics Key Laboratory and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
| | - Yanhua Ge
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen Plant Genetics Key Laboratory and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
| | - Liying Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen Plant Genetics Key Laboratory and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
| | - Fenglian Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen Plant Genetics Key Laboratory and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
| | - Lingling Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen Plant Genetics Key Laboratory and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
| | - Hongli Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen Plant Genetics Key Laboratory and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
| | - Deshun Lei
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen Plant Genetics Key Laboratory and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
| | - Jinxi Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen Plant Genetics Key Laboratory and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
| | - Meiling Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen Plant Genetics Key Laboratory and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
| | - Yi Tao
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen Plant Genetics Key Laboratory and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
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Zhang Q, Deng A, Xiang M, Lan Q, Li X, Yuan S, Gou X, Hao S, Du J, Xiao C. The Root Hair Development of Pectin Polygalacturonase PGX2 Activation Tagging Line in Response to Phosphate Deficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:862171. [PMID: 35586221 PMCID: PMC9108675 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.862171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pectin, cellulose, and hemicellulose constitute the primary cell wall in eudicots and function in multiple developmental processes in plants. Root hairs are outgrowths of specialized epidermal cells that absorb water and nutrients from the soil. Cell wall architecture influences root hair development, but how cell wall remodeling might enable enhanced root hair formation in response to phosphate (P) deficiency remains relatively unclear. Here, we found that POLYGALACTURONASE INVOLVED IN EXPANSION 2 (PGX2) functions in conditional root hair development. Under low P conditions, a PGX2 activation tagged line (PGX2AT ) displays bubble-like root hairs and abnormal callose deposition and superoxide accumulation in roots. We found that the polar localization and trafficking of PIN2 are altered in PGX2AT roots in response to P deficiency. We also found that actin filaments were less compact but more stable in PGX2AT root hair cells and that actin filament skewness in PGX2AT root hairs was recovered by treatment with 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), an auxin transport inhibitor. These results demonstrate that activation tagging of PGX2 affects cell wall remodeling, auxin signaling, and actin microfilament orientation, which may cooperatively regulate root hair development in response to P starvation.
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Rehman NU, Li X, Zeng P, Guo S, Jan S, Liu Y, Huang Y, Xie Q. Harmony but Not Uniformity: Role of Strigolactone in Plants. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1616. [PMID: 34827614 PMCID: PMC8615677 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) represent an important new plant hormone class marked by their multifunctional roles in plants and rhizosphere interactions, which stimulate hyphal branching in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and seed germination of root parasitic plants. SLs have been broadly implicated in regulating root growth, shoot architecture, leaf senescence, nodulation, and legume-symbionts interaction, as well as a response to various external stimuli, such as abiotic and biotic stresses. These functional properties of SLs enable the genetic engineering of crop plants to improve crop yield and productivity. In this review, the conservation and divergence of SL pathways and its biological processes in multiple plant species have been extensively discussed with a particular emphasis on its interactions with other different phytohormones. These interactions may shed further light on the regulatory networks underlying plant growth, development, and stress responses, ultimately providing certain strategies for promoting crop yield and productivity with the challenges of global climate and environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (N.U.R.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (S.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (N.U.R.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (S.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Peichun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (N.U.R.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (S.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shaoying Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (N.U.R.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (S.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Saad Jan
- Agriculture Department, Entomology Section Bacha Khan University, Charsadda 24420, Pakistan;
| | - Yunfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| | - Yifeng Huang
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310001, China
| | - Qingjun Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (N.U.R.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (S.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Yamoune A, Cuyacot AR, Zdarska M, Hejatko J. Hormonal orchestration of root apical meristem formation and maintenance in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6768-6788. [PMID: 34343283 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant hormones are key regulators of a number of developmental and adaptive responses in plants, integrating the control of intrinsic developmental regulatory circuits with environmental inputs. Here we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying hormonal regulation of root development. We focus on key events during both embryonic and post-embryonic development, including specification of the hypophysis as a future organizer of the root apical meristem (RAM), hypophysis asymmetric division, specification of the quiescent centre (QC) and the stem cell niche (SCN), RAM maturation and maintenance of QC/SCN activity, and RAM size. We address both well-established and newly proposed concepts, highlight potential ambiguities in recent terminology and classification criteria of longitudinal root zonation, and point to contrasting results and alternative scenarios for recent models. In the concluding remarks, we summarize the common principles of hormonal control during root development and the mechanisms potentially explaining often antagonistic outputs of hormone action, and propose possible future research directions on hormones in the root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Yamoune
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Abigail Rubiato Cuyacot
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Zdarska
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hejatko
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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9
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Mazzoni-Putman SM, Brumos J, Zhao C, Alonso JM, Stepanova AN. Auxin Interactions with Other Hormones in Plant Development. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:a039990. [PMID: 33903155 PMCID: PMC8485746 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a039990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Auxin is a crucial growth regulator that governs plant development and responses to environmental perturbations. It functions at the heart of many developmental processes, from embryogenesis to organ senescence, and is key to plant interactions with the environment, including responses to biotic and abiotic stimuli. As remarkable as auxin is, it does not act alone, but rather solicits the help of, or is solicited by, other endogenous signals, including the plant hormones abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, cytokinins, ethylene, gibberellic acid, jasmonates, salicylic acid, and strigolactones. The interactions between auxin and other hormones occur at multiple levels: hormones regulate one another's synthesis, transport, and/or response; hormone-specific transcriptional regulators for different pathways physically interact and/or converge on common target genes; etc. However, our understanding of this crosstalk is still fragmentary, with only a few pieces of the gigantic puzzle firmly established. In this review, we provide a glimpse into the complexity of hormone interactions that involve auxin, underscoring how patchy our current understanding is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serina M Mazzoni-Putman
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Javier Brumos
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Chengsong Zhao
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Jose M Alonso
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Anna N Stepanova
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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10
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Parveen S, Rahman A. Actin Isovariant ACT7 Modulates Root Thermomorphogenesis by Altering Intracellular Auxin Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7749. [PMID: 34299366 PMCID: PMC8306570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High temperature stress is one of the most threatening abiotic stresses for plants limiting the crop productivity world-wide. Altered developmental responses of plants to moderate-high temperature has been shown to be linked to the intracellular auxin homeostasis regulated by both auxin biosynthesis and transport. Trafficking of the auxin carrier proteins plays a major role in maintaining the cellular auxin homeostasis. The intracellular trafficking largely relies on the cytoskeletal component, actin, which provides track for vesicle movement. Different classes of actin and the isovariants function in regulating various stages of plant development. Although high temperature alters the intracellular trafficking, the role of actin in this process remains obscure. Using isovariant specific vegetative class actin mutants, here we demonstrate that ACTIN 7 (ACT7) isovariant plays an important role in regulating the moderate-high temperature response in Arabidopsis root. Loss of ACT7, but not ACT8 resulted in increased inhibition of root elongation under prolonged moderate-high temperature. Consistently, kinematic analysis revealed a drastic reduction in cell production rate and cell elongation in act7-4 mutant under high temperature. Quantification of actin dynamicity reveals that prolonged moderate-high temperature modulates bundling along with orientation and parallelness of filamentous actin in act7-4 mutant. The hypersensitive response of act7-4 mutant was found to be linked to the altered intracellular auxin distribution, resulted from the reduced abundance of PIN-FORMED PIN1 and PIN2 efflux carriers. Collectively, these results suggest that vegetative class actin isovariant, ACT7 modulates the long-term moderate-high temperature response in Arabidopsis root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaya Parveen
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan;
| | - Abidur Rahman
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan;
- Department of Plant Bio Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
- Agri-Innovation Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
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Krasylenko Y, Komis G, Hlynska S, Vavrdová T, Ovečka M, Pospíšil T, Šamaj J. GR24, A Synthetic Strigolactone Analog, and Light Affect the Organization of Cortical Microtubules in Arabidopsis Hypocotyl Cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:675981. [PMID: 34305975 PMCID: PMC8293678 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.675981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are plant hormones regulating cytoskeleton-mediated developmental events in roots, such as lateral root formation and elongation of root hairs and hypocotyls. The latter process was addressed herein by the exogenous application of a synthetic strigolactone, GR24, and an inhibitor of strigolactone biosynthesis, TIS108, on hypocotyls of wild-type Arabidopsis and a strigolactone signaling mutant max2-1 (more axillary growth 2-1). Owing to the interdependence between light and strigolactone signaling, the present work was extended to seedlings grown under a standard light/dark regime, or under continuous darkness. Given the essential role of the cortical microtubules in cell elongation, their organization and dynamics were characterized under the conditions of altered strigolactone signaling using fluorescence microscopy methods with different spatiotemporal capacities, such as confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and structured illumination microscopy (SIM). It was found that GR24-dependent inhibition of hypocotyl elongation correlated with changes in cortical microtubule organization and dynamics, observed in living wild-type and max2-1 seedlings stably expressing genetically encoded fluorescent molecular markers for microtubules. Quantitative assessment of microscopic datasets revealed that chemical and/or genetic manipulation of strigolactone signaling affected microtubule remodeling, especially under light conditions. The application of GR24 in dark conditions partially alleviated cytoskeletal rearrangement, suggesting a new mechanistic connection between cytoskeletal behavior and the light-dependence of strigolactone signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Krasylenko
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - George Komis
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Sofiia Hlynska
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Tereza Vavrdová
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Miroslav Ovečka
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Pospíšil
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
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12
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Kalia VC, Gong C, Patel SKS, Lee JK. Regulation of Plant Mineral Nutrition by Signal Molecules. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040774. [PMID: 33917219 PMCID: PMC8068062 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes operate their metabolic activities at a unicellular level. However, it has been revealed that a few metabolic activities only prove beneficial to microbes if operated at high cell densities. These cell density-dependent activities termed quorum sensing (QS) operate through specific chemical signals. In Gram-negative bacteria, the most widely reported QS signals are acylhomoserine lactones. In contrast, a novel QS-like system has been elucidated, regulating communication between microbes and plants through strigolactones. These systems regulate bioprocesses, which affect the health of plants, animals, and human beings. This mini-review presents recent developments in the QS and QS-like signal molecules in promoting plant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Chandra Kalia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (V.C.K.); (S.K.S.P.)
| | - Chunjie Gong
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China;
| | - Sanjay K. S. Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (V.C.K.); (S.K.S.P.)
| | - Jung-Kul Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (V.C.K.); (S.K.S.P.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Kuběnová L, Takáč T, Šamaj J, Ovečka M. Single Amino Acid Exchange in ACTIN2 Confers Increased Tolerance to Oxidative Stress in Arabidopsis der1-3 Mutant. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041879. [PMID: 33668638 PMCID: PMC7918201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-point mutation in the ACTIN2 gene of the der1-3 mutant revealed that ACTIN2 is an essential actin isovariant required for root hair tip growth, and leads to shorter, thinner and more randomly oriented actin filaments in comparison to the wild-type C24 genotype. The actin cytoskeleton has been linked to plant defense against oxidative stress, but it is not clear how altered structural organization and dynamics of actin filaments may help plants to cope with oxidative stress. In this study, we characterized root growth, plant biomass, actin organization and antioxidant activity of the der1-3 mutant under oxidative stress induced by paraquat and H2O2. Under these conditions, plant growth was better in the der1-3 mutant, while the actin cytoskeleton in the der1-3 carrying pro35S::GFP:FABD2 construct showed a lower bundling rate and higher dynamicity. Biochemical analyses documented a lower degree of lipid peroxidation, and an elevated capacity to decompose superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. These results support the view that the der1-3 mutant is more resistant to oxidative stress. We propose that alterations in the actin cytoskeleton, increased sensitivity of ACTIN to reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT), along with the increased capacity to decompose reactive oxygen species encourage the enhanced tolerance of this mutant against oxidative stress.
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Ahmad MZ, Rehman NU, Yu S, Zhou Y, Haq BU, Wang J, Li P, Zeng Z, Zhao J. GmMAX2-D14 and -KAI interaction-mediated SL and KAR signaling play essential roles in soybean root nodulation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:334-351. [PMID: 31559658 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite of important functions of strigolactones (SLs) and karrikins (KARs) in plant development, plant-parasite and plant-fungi interactions, their roles in soybean-rhizobia interaction remain elusive. SL/KAR signaling genes GmMAX2a, GmD14s, and GmKAIs are activated by rhizobia infection. GmMAX2a restored atmax2 root hair defects and soybean root hairs were changed in GmMAX2a overexpression (GmMAX2a-OE) or knockdown (GmMAX2a-KD) mutants. GmMAX2a-KD gave fewer, whereas GmMAX2a-OE produced more nodules than GUS hairy roots. Mutation of GmMAX2a in its KD or OE transgenic hairy roots affected the rhizobia infection-induced increases in early nodulation gene expression. Both mutant hairy roots also displayed the altered auxin, jasmonate and abscisic acid levels, as further verified by transcriptomic analyses of their synthetic genes. Overexpression of an auxin synthetic gene GmYUC2a also affected SL and KAR signaling genes. GmMAX2a physically interacted with SL/KAR receptors GmD14s, GmKAIs, and GmD14Ls with different binding affinities, depending on variations in the critical amino acids, forming active D14/KAI-SCFMAX2 complexes. The knockdown mutant roots of the nodule-specifically expressing GmKAIs and GmD14Ls gave fewer nodules, with altered expression of several early nodulation genes. The expression levels of GmKAIs, and GmD14Ls were markedly changed in GmMAX2a mutant roots, so did their target repressor genes GmD53s and GmSMAX1s. Thus, SL and KAR signaling were involved in soybean-rhizobia interaction and nodulation partly through interactions with hormones, and this may explain the different effects of MXA2 orthologs on legume determinate and indeterminate nodulation. The study provides fresh insights into the roles of GmMAX2-mediated SL/KAR signaling in soybean root hair and nodule formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zulfiqar Ahmad
- State Key Lab of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Naveed Ur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430075, China
| | - Shuwei Yu
- State Key Lab of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yuanze Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430075, China
| | - Basir Ul Haq
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430075, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430075, China
| | - Penghui Li
- State Key Lab of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Zhixiong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430075, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Lab of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430075, China
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15
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Omoarelojie LO, Kulkarni MG, Finnie JF, Van Staden J. Strigolactones and their crosstalk with other phytohormones. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 124:749-767. [PMID: 31190074 PMCID: PMC6868373 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strigolactones (SLs) are a diverse class of butenolide-bearing phytohormones derived from the catabolism of carotenoids. They are associated with an increasing number of emerging regulatory roles in plant growth and development, including seed germination, root and shoot architecture patterning, nutrient acquisition, symbiotic and parasitic interactions, as well as mediation of plant responses to abiotic and biotic cues. SCOPE Here, we provide a concise overview of SL biosynthesis, signal transduction pathways and SL-mediated plant responses with a detailed discourse on the crosstalk(s) that exist between SLs/components of SL signalling and other phytohormones such as auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, ethylene, jasmonates and salicylic acid. CONCLUSION SLs elicit their control on physiological and morphological processes via a direct or indirect influence on the activities of other hormones and/or integrants of signalling cascades of other growth regulators. These, among many others, include modulation of hormone content, transport and distribution within plant tissues, interference with or complete dependence on downstream signal components of other phytohormones, as well as acting synergistically or antagonistically with other hormones to elicit plant responses. Although much has been done to evince the effects of SL interactions with other hormones at the cell and whole plant levels, research attention must be channelled towards elucidating the precise molecular events that underlie these processes. More especially in the case of abscisic acid, cytokinins, gibberellin, jasmonates and salicylic acid for which very little has been reported about their hormonal crosstalk with SLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L O Omoarelojie
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa
| | - M G Kulkarni
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa
| | - J F Finnie
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa
| | - J Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa
- For correspondence. E-mail:
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Jia KP, Dickinson AJ, Mi J, Cui G, Xiao TT, Kharbatia NM, Guo X, Sugiono E, Aranda M, Blilou I, Rueping M, Benfey PN, Al-Babili S. Anchorene is a carotenoid-derived regulatory metabolite required for anchor root formation in Arabidopsis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw6787. [PMID: 31807696 PMCID: PMC6881154 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw6787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Anchor roots (ANRs) arise at the root-shoot junction and are the least investigated type of Arabidopsis root. Here, we show that ANRs originate from pericycle cells in an auxin-dependent manner and a carotenogenic signal to emerge. By screening known and assumed carotenoid derivatives, we identified anchorene, a presumed carotenoid-derived dialdehyde (diapocarotenoid), as the specific signal needed for ANR formation. We demonstrate that anchorene is an Arabidopsis metabolite and that its exogenous application rescues the ANR phenotype in carotenoid-deficient plants and promotes the growth of normal seedlings. Nitrogen deficiency resulted in enhanced anchorene content and an increased number of ANRs, suggesting a role of this nutrient in determining anchorene content and ANR formation. Transcriptome analysis and treatment of auxin reporter lines indicate that anchorene triggers ANR formation by modulating auxin homeostasis. Together, our work reveals a growth regulator with potential application to agriculture and a new carotenoid-derived signaling molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Peng Jia
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, The BioActives Lab, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alexandra J. Dickinson
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jianing Mi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, The BioActives Lab, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guoxin Cui
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Red Sea Research Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ting Ting Xiao
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najeh M. Kharbatia
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Core Lab, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiujie Guo
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, The BioActives Lab, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Erli Sugiono
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Manuel Aranda
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Red Sea Research Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ikram Blilou
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Science and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Philip N. Benfey
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, The BioActives Lab, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author.
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17
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Zhan Y, Qu Y, Zhu L, Shen C, Feng X, Yu C. Transcriptome analysis of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) shoots reveals a crosstalk between auxin and strigolactone. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201124. [PMID: 30044859 PMCID: PMC6059464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin and strigolactone (SL) are two important phytohormones involved in shoot branching and morphology. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), a member of the Solanaceae family, is one of the most popular food crops with high economic value in the world. To seek a better understanding of the responses to exogenous hormones, transcriptome analyses of the tomato shoots treated with exogenous auxin and SL, separately or together, were performed. A total of 2326, 260 and 1379 differential expressed genes (DEGs) were identified under the IAA, GR24 and IAA+GR24 treatments, respectively. Network analysis pointed out two enriched interaction clusters, including “ethylene biosynthesis” and “photosynthesis”. Several ethylene biosynthesis and metabolism-related genes were up-regulated under both IAA and IAA+GR24 treatments, suggesting their involvement in the regulation of ethylene biosynthesis. Besides, auxin-SLs-triggered the expression of several CAB genes may lead to systemic increases in the induction of photosynthesis. Several auxin-activated metabolic pathways could be reduced by the GR24 treatment, indicated that the crosstalk between auxin and SLs may be involved in the metabolic regulation of tomato. Further analysis showed that SLs affect the responses of tomato shoots to auxin by inducing the expression of a series of auxin downstream genes. On the other hand, auxin regulated the biosynthesis of SLs by affecting the genes in the “Carotenoid biosynthesis” pathway. Our data will give us an opportunity to reveal the crosstalk between auxin and SLs in the shoots of tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinchao Qu
- Vegetable Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Longjing Zhu
- Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenjia Shen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuping Feng
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (XF); (CY)
| | - Chenliang Yu
- Vegetable Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XF); (CY)
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18
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Regulation of Root Development and Architecture by Strigolactones under Optimal and Nutrient Deficiency Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071887. [PMID: 29954078 PMCID: PMC6073886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) constitute a group of plant hormones which are involved in multiple aspects of plant growth and development. Beside their role in shoot and root development and plant architecture in general, SLs are also involved in plant responses to nutrient deficiency by promoting interactions with symbiotic organisms and via promotion of root elongation. Recent observations on the cross talk between SLs and other hormones demonstrate that the inhibition of adventitious root formation by ethylene is independent of SLs. Additionally, it was shown that root exposure to SLs leads to the accumulation of secondary metabolites, such as flavonols or antioxidants. These data suggest pleiotropic effects of SLs, that influence root development. The discovery that the commonly used synthetic SL analogue racGR24 might also mimic the function of other plant growth regulators, such as karrikins, has led us to consider the previously published publications under the new aspects. This review summarizes present knowledge about the function of SLs in shaping root systems under optimal and nutrient deficiency conditions. Results which appear inconsistent with the various aspects of root development are singled out.
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19
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Kameoka H, Kyozuka J. Spatial regulation of strigolactone function. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2255-2264. [PMID: 29300937 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are plant hormones that control many aspects of plant development and environmental responses. Despite recent and rapid progress in the biochemical and molecular understanding of strigolactone biosynthesis, transport, and signaling, our knowledge about where strigolactones are produced and where they act is fragmented. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about these aspects of strigolactones, obtained from mutant phenotypes, grafting experiments, gene expression patterns, and protein localization studies. We also discuss the potential of new imaging technologies to reveal the spatial regulation of strigolactone function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromu Kameoka
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Junko Kyozuka
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Rozpądek P, Domka AM, Nosek M, Ważny R, Jędrzejczyk RJ, Wiciarz M, Turnau K. The Role of Strigolactone in the Cross-Talk Between Arabidopsis thaliana and the Endophytic Fungus Mucor sp. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:441. [PMID: 29615990 PMCID: PMC5867299 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last years the role of fungal endophytes in plant biology has been extensively studied. A number of species were shown to positively affect plant growth and fitness, thus attempts have been made to utilize these microorganisms in agriculture and phytoremediation. Plant-fungi symbiosis requires multiple metabolic adjustments of both of the interacting organisms. The mechanisms of these adaptations are mostly unknown, however, plant hormones seem to play a central role in this process. The plant hormone strigolactone (SL) was previously shown to activate hyphae branching of mycorrhizal fungi and to negatively affect pathogenic fungi growth. Its role in the plant-endophytic fungi interaction is unknown. The effect of the synthetic SL analog GR24 on the endophytic fungi Mucor sp. growth, respiration, H2O2 production and the activity of antioxidant enzymes was evaluated. We found fungi colony growth rate was decreased in a GR24 concentration dependent manner. Additionally, the fungi accumulated more H2O2 what was accompanied by an altered activity of antioxidant enzymes. Symbiosis with Mucor sp. positively affected Arabidopsis thaliana growth, but SL was necessary for the establishment of the beneficial interaction. A. thaliana biosynthesis mutants max1 and max4, but not the SL signaling mutant max2 did not develop the beneficial phenotype. The negative growth response was correlated with alterations in SA homeostasis and a significant upregulation of genes encoding selected plant defensins. The fungi were also shown to be able to decompose SL in planta and to downregulate the expression of SL biosynthesis genes. Additionally, we have shown that GR24 treatment with a dose of 1 μM activates the production of SA in A. thaliana. The results presented here provide evidence for a role of SL in the plant-endophyte cross-talk during the mutualistic interaction between Arabidopsis thaliana and Mucor sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Rozpądek
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka M. Domka
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Nosek
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Kraków, Kraków, Poland
| | - Rafał Ważny
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Monika Wiciarz
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Turnau
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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21
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Liu G, Pfeifer J, de Brito Francisco R, Emonet A, Stirnemann M, Gübeli C, Hutter O, Sasse J, Mattheyer C, Stelzer E, Walter A, Martinoia E, Borghi L. Changes in the allocation of endogenous strigolactone improve plant biomass production on phosphate-poor soils. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:784-798. [PMID: 29083039 PMCID: PMC5765447 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are carotenoid-derived phytohormones shaping plant architecture and inducing the symbiosis with endomycorrhizal fungi. In Petunia hybrida, SL transport within the plant and towards the rhizosphere is driven by the ABCG-class protein PDR1. PDR1 expression is regulated by phytohormones and by the soil phosphate abundance, and thus SL transport integrates plant development with nutrient conditions. We overexpressed PDR1 (PDR1 OE) to investigate whether increased endogenous SL transport is sufficient to improve plant nutrition and productivity. Phosphorus quantification and nondestructive X-ray computed tomography were applied. Morphological and gene expression changes were quantified at cellular and whole tissue levels via time-lapse microscopy and quantitative PCR. PDR1 OE significantly enhanced phosphate uptake and plant biomass production on phosphate-poor soils. PDR1 OE plants showed increased lateral root formation, extended root hair elongation, faster mycorrhization and reduced leaf senescence. PDR1 overexpression allowed considerable SL biosynthesis by releasing SL biosynthetic genes from an SL-dependent negative feedback. The increased endogenous SL transport/biosynthesis in PDR1 OE plants is a powerful tool to improve plant growth on phosphate-poor soils. We propose PDR1 as an as yet unexplored trait to be investigated for crop production. The overexpression of PDR1 is a valuable strategy to investigate SL functions and transport routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Liu
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZurichZollikerstrasse 107Zurich8008Switzerland
| | - Johannes Pfeifer
- Institute of Agricultural SciencesETH ZurichUniversitätstrasse 2Zurich8092Switzerland
| | - Rita de Brito Francisco
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZurichZollikerstrasse 107Zurich8008Switzerland
| | - Aurelia Emonet
- Département de Biologie Moléculaire VégétaleFaculté de Biologie et MédecineBiophoreLausanneCH‐1015Switzerland
| | - Marina Stirnemann
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZurichZollikerstrasse 107Zurich8008Switzerland
| | - Christian Gübeli
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZurichZollikerstrasse 107Zurich8008Switzerland
| | - Olivier Hutter
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZurichZollikerstrasse 107Zurich8008Switzerland
| | - Joëlle Sasse
- Carnegie Institution for Science1530 P Street NWWashingtonDC20005USA
| | - Christian Mattheyer
- Goethe‐Universität Frankfurt am MainTheodor‐W.‐Adorno‐Platz 1Frankfurt am Main60323Germany
| | - Ernst Stelzer
- Goethe‐Universität Frankfurt am MainTheodor‐W.‐Adorno‐Platz 1Frankfurt am Main60323Germany
| | - Achim Walter
- Institute of Agricultural SciencesETH ZurichUniversitätstrasse 2Zurich8092Switzerland
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZurichZollikerstrasse 107Zurich8008Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Borghi
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZurichZollikerstrasse 107Zurich8008Switzerland
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Paez-Garcia A, Sparks JA, de Bang L, Blancaflor EB. Plant Actin Cytoskeleton: New Functions from Old Scaffold. PLANT CELL MONOGRAPHS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-69944-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Baluška F, Mancuso S. Plant Cognition and Behavior: From Environmental Awareness to Synaptic Circuits Navigating Root Apices. MEMORY AND LEARNING IN PLANTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-75596-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
Strigolactones are a structurally diverse class of plant hormones that control many aspects of shoot and root growth. Strigolactones are also exuded by plants into the rhizosphere, where they promote symbiotic interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and germination of root parasitic plants in the Orobanchaceae family. Therefore, understanding how strigolactones are made, transported, and perceived may lead to agricultural innovations as well as a deeper knowledge of how plants function. Substantial progress has been made in these areas over the past decade. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms, core developmental roles, and evolutionary history of strigolactone signaling. We also propose potential translational applications of strigolactone research to agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Waters
- School of Molecular Sciences and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia;
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Genetics, Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany;
| | - Tom Bennett
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom;
| | - David C Nelson
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521;
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Wu Y, Dor E, Hershenhorn J. Strigolactones affect tomato hormone profile and somatic embryogenesis. PLANTA 2017; 245:583-594. [PMID: 27909790 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2625-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Exogenously applied GR24 affected somatic embryo formation and morphogenesis of strigolactone-deficient tomato mutant through cross-talk with auxins and cytokinins indicating involvement of SLs in the embryogenic process. Strigolactones (SLs) mediate the regulation of plant responses to the environment through cross-talk with other plant hormones, especially auxins. Auxins play a crucial role in coordinating the morphogenesis and development of plant reproductive organs, including the signal-transduction cascade leading to the reprogramming of gene-expression patterns before embryo formation. SLs' role in these processes is unknown, in contrast to their proven involvement in auxin transport and distribution. We used tomato cv. M82 and its SL-deficient mutant SL-ORT1 to study the influence of SLs on hormone profile in tomato roots and shoots, and their involvement in somatic embryogenesis (SE) and morphogenesis (adventitious root formation). The synthetic SL GR24 had different effects on SE of M82 and SL-ORT1, indicating that SLs influence the cytokinin-to-auxin ratio in tomato SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanli Wu
- Department of Phytopathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Newe Ya'ar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, 30095, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Evgenia Dor
- Department of Phytopathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Newe Ya'ar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, 30095, Ramat Yishay, Israel.
| | - Joseph Hershenhorn
- Department of Phytopathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Newe Ya'ar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, 30095, Ramat Yishay, Israel
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Marzec M, Gruszka D, Tylec P, Szarejko I. Identification and functional analysis of the HvD14 gene involved in strigolactone signaling in Hordeum vulgare. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2016; 158:341-355. [PMID: 27121184 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the barley HvD14 gene encoding α/β hydrolase, which is involved in strigolactone (SL) signaling, was identified. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the identified gene is an orthologue of the D14, AtD14 and PhDAD2 genes that have been described in rice, Arabidopsis thaliana and petunia, respectively. Using TILLING strategy, an hvd14.d mutant that carried the G725A transition, located in the second exon, was identified. This mutation led to the substitution of a highly conserved glycine-193 to glutamic acid in the conserved fragment of the α/β hydrolase domain of the HvD14 protein. The plants that carry the hvd14.d allele were semi-dwarf and produced a higher number of tillers in comparison to the wild-type (WT) parent cultivar. Additionally, the root architecture of mutant plants was affected: the total length of the seminal roots was significantly reduced, and the density of the lateral roots was higher than in the WT. Plants with the hvd14.d allele were insensitive to treatment with GR24, which is the synthetic analogue of SL. Analysis of the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) concentration in the lateral buds showed no differences between the WT and mutant plants. By contrast, the WT seedlings treated with GR24 developed a lower number of tillers, longer primary roots with a reduced number of lateral roots and had an increased concentration of IAA in lateral buds. This paper describes the first barley SL mutant and shows the potential functions of SLs in barley growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Marzec
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, 40-032, Poland.
| | - Damian Gruszka
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, 40-032, Poland
| | - Piotr Tylec
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, 40-032, Poland
| | - Iwona Szarejko
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, 40-032, Poland
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Abstract
Plant hormones (phytohormones) integrate endogenous and exogenous signals thus synchronizing plant growth with environmental and developmental changes. Similar to animals, phytohormones have distinct source and target tissues, hence controlled transport and focused targeting are required for their functions. Many evidences accumulated in the last years about the regulation of long-distance and directional transport of phytohormones. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters turned out to play major roles in routing phytohormones not only in the plant body but also towards the outer environment. The ABCG-type proteins ABCG25 and ABCG40 are high affinity abscisic acid (ABA) transporters. ABCG14 is highly co-expressed with cytokinin biosynthesis and is the major root-to-shoot cytokinin transporter. Pleiotropic drug resistance1 (PDR1) from Petunia hybrida transports strigolactones (SLs) from the root tip to the plant shoot but also outside to the rhizosphere, where SLs are the main attractants to mycorrhizal fungi. Last but not least, ABCG36 and ABCG37 possibly play a dual role in coumarine and IBA transport.
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Walton A, Stes E, Goeminne G, Braem L, Vuylsteke M, Matthys C, De Cuyper C, Staes A, Vandenbussche J, Boyer FD, Vanholme R, Fromentin J, Boerjan W, Gevaert K, Goormachtig S. The Response of the Root Proteome to the Synthetic Strigolactone GR24 in Arabidopsis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:2744-55. [PMID: 27317401 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.050062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones are plant metabolites that act as phytohormones and rhizosphere signals. Whereas most research on unraveling the action mechanisms of strigolactones is focused on plant shoots, we investigated proteome adaptation during strigolactone signaling in the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. Through large-scale, time-resolved, and quantitative proteomics, the impact of the strigolactone analog rac-GR24 was elucidated on the root proteome of the wild type and the signaling mutant more axillary growth 2 (max2). Our study revealed a clear MAX2-dependent rac-GR24 response: an increase in abundance of enzymes involved in flavonol biosynthesis, which was reduced in the max2-1 mutant. Mass spectrometry-driven metabolite profiling and thin-layer chromatography experiments demonstrated that these changes in protein expression lead to the accumulation of specific flavonols. Moreover, quantitative RT-PCR revealed that the flavonol-related protein expression profile was caused by rac-GR24-induced changes in transcript levels of the corresponding genes. This induction of flavonol production was shown to be activated by the two pure enantiomers that together make up rac-GR24. Finally, our data provide much needed clues concerning the multiple roles played by MAX2 in the roots and a comprehensive view of the rac-GR24-induced response in the root proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Walton
- From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; ¶Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; ‖Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Stes
- From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; ¶Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; ‖Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Goeminne
- From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lukas Braem
- From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Cedrick Matthys
- From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carolien De Cuyper
- From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Staes
- ¶Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; ‖Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Vandenbussche
- ¶Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; ‖Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - François-Didier Boyer
- ‡‡Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, 78026 Versailles, France; §§AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, 78026 Versailles, France; ¶¶Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Unité Propre de Recherche 2301, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ruben Vanholme
- From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Justine Fromentin
- From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; ‖‖Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; and Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 2594, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Wout Boerjan
- From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- ¶Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; ‖Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Sofie Goormachtig
- From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
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Borghi L, Liu GW, Emonet A, Kretzschmar T, Martinoia E. The importance of strigolactone transport regulation for symbiotic signaling and shoot branching. PLANTA 2016; 243:1351-60. [PMID: 27040840 PMCID: PMC4875938 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This review presents the role of strigolactone transport in regulating plant root and shoot architecture, plant-fungal symbiosis and the crosstalk with several phytohormone pathways. The authors, based on their data and recently published results, suggest that long-distance, as well local strigolactone transport might occur in a cell-to-cell manner rather than via the xylem stream. Strigolactones (SLs) are recently characterized carotenoid-derived phytohormones. They play multiple roles in plant architecture and, once exuded from roots to soil, in plant-rhizosphere interactions. Above ground SLs regulate plant developmental processes, such as lateral bud outgrowth, internode elongation and stem secondary growth. Below ground, SLs are involved in lateral root initiation, main root elongation and the establishment of the plant-fungal symbiosis known as mycorrhiza. Much has been discovered on players and patterns of SL biosynthesis and signaling and shown to be largely conserved among different plant species, however little is known about SL distribution in plants and its transport from the root to the soil. At present, the only characterized SL transporters are the ABCG protein PLEIOTROPIC DRUG RESISTANCE 1 from Petunia axillaris (PDR1) and, in less detail, its close homologue from Nicotiana tabacum PLEIOTROPIC DRUG RESISTANCE 6 (PDR6). PDR1 is a plasma membrane-localized SL cellular exporter, expressed in root cortex and shoot axils. Its expression level is regulated by its own substrate, but also by the phytohormone auxin, soil nutrient conditions (mainly phosphate availability) and mycorrhization levels. Hence, PDR1 integrates information from nutrient availability and hormonal signaling, thus synchronizing plant growth with nutrient uptake. In this review we discuss the effects of PDR1 de-regulation on plant development and mycorrhization, the possible cross-talk between SLs and other phytohormone transporters and finally the need for SL transporters in different plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Borghi
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Guo-Wei Liu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aurélia Emonet
- Faculté de biologie et médecine, Département de biologie moléculaire végétale, Université de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kretzschmar
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Plant Breeding Genetics and Biotechnology, 4031, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
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30
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Madmon O, Mazuz M, Kumari P, Dam A, Ion A, Mayzlish-Gati E, Belausov E, Wininger S, Abu-Abied M, McErlean CSP, Bromhead LJ, Perl-Treves R, Prandi C, Kapulnik Y, Koltai H. Expression of MAX2 under SCARECROW promoter enhances the strigolactone/MAX2 dependent response of Arabidopsis roots to low-phosphate conditions. PLANTA 2016; 243:1419-1427. [PMID: 26919985 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2477-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
MAX2/strigolactone signaling in the endodermis and/or quiescent center of the root is partially sufficient to exert changes in F-actin density and cellular trafficking in the root epidermis, and alter gene expression during plant response to low Pi conditions. Strigolactones (SLs) are a new group of plant hormones that regulate different developmental processes in the plant via MAX2, an F-box protein that interacts with their receptor. SLs and MAX2 are necessary for the marked increase in root-hair (RH) density in seedlings under conditions of phosphate (Pi) deprivation. This marked elevation was associated with an active reduction in actin-filament density and endosomal movement in root epidermal cells. Also, expression of MAX2 under the SCARECROW (SCR) promoter was sufficient to confer SL sensitivity in roots, suggesting that SL signaling pathways act through a root-specific, yet non-cell-autonomous regulatory mode of action. Here we show evidence for a non-cell autonomous signaling of SL/MAX2, originating from the root endodermis, and necessary for seedling response to conditions of Pi deprivation. SCR-derived expression of MAX2 in max2-1 mutant background promoted the root low Pi response, whereas supplementation of the synthetic SL GR24 to these SCR:MAX2 expressing lines further enhanced this response. Moreover, the SCR:MAX2 expression led to changes in actin density and endosome movement in epidermal cells and in TIR1 and PHO2 gene expression. These results demonstrate that MAX2 signaling in the endodermis and/or quiescent center is partially sufficient to exert changes in F-actin density and cellular trafficking in the epidermis, and alter gene expression under low Pi conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ortal Madmon
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, 52900, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Moran Mazuz
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Puja Kumari
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Anandamoy Dam
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Aurel Ion
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Einav Mayzlish-Gati
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Eduard Belausov
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Smadar Wininger
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Mohamad Abu-Abied
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | | | - Liam J Bromhead
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Rafael Perl-Treves
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, 52900, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Cristina Prandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Turin University, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Yoram Kapulnik
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Hinanit Koltai
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel.
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31
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Matthys C, Walton A, Struk S, Stes E, Boyer FD, Gevaert K, Goormachtig S. The Whats, the Wheres and the Hows of strigolactone action in the roots. PLANTA 2016; 243:1327-37. [PMID: 26895337 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2483-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones control various aspects of plant development, including root architecture. Here, we review how strigolactones act in the root and survey the strigolactone specificity of signaling components that affect root development. Strigolactones are a group of secondary metabolites produced in plants that have been assigned multiple roles, of which the most recent is hormonal activity. Over the last decade, these compounds have been shown to regulate various aspects of plant development, such as shoot branching and leaf senescence, but a growing body of literature suggests that these hormones play an equally important role in the root. In this review, we present all known root phenotypes linked to strigolactones. We examine the expression and presence of the main players in biosynthesis and signaling of these hormones and bring together the available information that allows us to explain how strigolactones act to modulate the root system architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedrick Matthys
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alan Walton
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sylwia Struk
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Stes
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - François-Didier Boyer
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-AgroParisTech, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Unité Propre de Recherche 2301, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Goormachtig
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
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Salazar-Henao JE, Vélez-Bermúdez IC, Schmidt W. The regulation and plasticity of root hair patterning and morphogenesis. Development 2016; 143:1848-58. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.132845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs are highly specialized cells found in the epidermis of plant roots that play a key role in providing the plant with water and mineral nutrients. Root hairs have been used as a model system for understanding both cell fate determination and the morphogenetic plasticity of cell differentiation. Indeed, many studies have shown that the fate of root epidermal cells, which differentiate into either root hair or non-hair cells, is determined by a complex interplay of intrinsic and extrinsic cues that results in a predictable but highly plastic pattern of epidermal cells that can vary in shape, size and function. Here, we review these studies and discuss recent evidence suggesting that environmental information can be integrated at multiple points in the root hair morphogenetic pathway and affects multifaceted processes at the chromatin, transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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Pandey A, Sharma M, Pandey GK. Emerging Roles of Strigolactones in Plant Responses to Stress and Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:434. [PMID: 27092155 PMCID: PMC4821062 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Our environment constantly undergoes changes either natural or manmade affecting growth and development of all the organisms including plants. Plants are sessile in nature and therefore to counter environmental changes such as light, temperature, nutrient and water availability, pathogen, and many others; plants have evolved intricate signaling mechanisms, composed of multiple components including several plant hormones. Research conducted in the last decade has placed Strigolactones (SLs) in the growing list of plant hormones involved in coping with environmental changes. SLs are carotenoid derivatives functioning as both endogenous and exogenous signaling molecules in response to various environmental cues. Initially, SLs were discovered as compounds that are harmful to plants due to their role as stimulants in seed germination of parasitic plants, a more beneficial role in plant growth and development was uncovered much later. SLs are required for maintaining plant architecture by regulating shoot and root growth in response to various external stimuli including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, light, nutrients, and temperature. Moreover, a role for SLs has also been recognized during various abiotic and biotic stress conditions making them suitable target for generating genetically engineered crop plants with improved yield. This review discusses the biosynthesis of SLs and their regulatory and physiological roles in various stress conditions. Understanding of detailed signaling mechanisms of SLs will be an important factor for designing genetically modified crops for overcoming the problem of crop loss under stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of DelhiNew Delhi, India
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34
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Kapulnik Y, Koltai H. Fine-tuning by strigolactones of root response to low phosphate. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 58:203-12. [PMID: 26667884 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are plant hormones that regulate the development of different plant parts. In the shoot, they regulate axillary bud outgrowth and in the root, root architecture and root-hair length and density. Strigolactones are also involved with communication in the rhizosphere, including enhancement of hyphal branching of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Here we present the role and activity of strigolactones under conditions of phosphate deprivation. Under these conditions, their levels of biosynthesis and exudation increase, leading to changes in shoot and root development. At least for the latter, these changes are likely to be associated with alterations in auxin transport and sensitivity. On the other hand, strigolactones may positively affect plant-mycorrhiza interactions and thereby promote phosphate acquisition by the plant. Strigolactones may be a way for plants to fine-tune their growth pattern under phosphate deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoram Kapulnik
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Hinanit Koltai
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
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35
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Manoli A, Trevisan S, Voigt B, Yokawa K, Baluška F, Quaggiotti S. Nitric Oxide-Mediated Maize Root Apex Responses to Nitrate are Regulated by Auxin and Strigolactones. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 6:1269. [PMID: 26834770 PMCID: PMC4722128 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3 (-)) is a key element for crop production but its levels in agricultural soils are limited. Plants have developed mechanisms to cope with these NO3 (-) fluctuations based on sensing nitrate at the root apex. Particularly, the transition zone (TZ) of root apex has been suggested as a signaling-response zone. This study dissects cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying NO3 (-) resupply effects on primary root (PR) growth in maize, confirming nitric oxide (NO) as a putative modulator. Nitrate restoration induced PR elongation within the first 2 h, corresponding to a stimulation of cell elongation at the basal border of the TZ. Xyloglucans (XGs) immunolocalization together with Brefeldin A applications demonstrated that nitrate resupply induces XG accumulation. This effect was blocked by cPTIO (NO scavenger). Transcriptional analysis of ZmXET1 confirmed the stimulatory effect of nitrate on XGs accumulation in cells of the TZ. Immunolocalization analyses revealed a positive effect of nitrate resupply on auxin and PIN1 accumulation, but a transcriptional regulation of auxin biosynthesis/transport/signaling genes was excluded. Short-term nitrate treatment repressed the transcription of genes involved in strigolactones (SLs) biosynthesis and transport, mainly in the TZ. Enhancement of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs) transcription in presence of cPTIO indicated endogenous NO as a negative modulator of CCDs activity. Finally, treatment with the SLs-biosynthesis inhibitor (TIS108) restored the root growth in the nitrate-starved seedlings. Present report suggests that the NO-mediated root apex responses to nitrate are accomplished in cells of the TZ via integrative actions of auxin, NO and SLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Manoli
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of PaduaPadua, Italy
| | - Sara Trevisan
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of PaduaPadua, Italy
| | - Boris Voigt
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of BonnBonn, Germany
| | - Ken Yokawa
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of BonnBonn, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan UniversityTokyo, Japan
| | - František Baluška
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of BonnBonn, Germany
| | - Silvia Quaggiotti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of PaduaPadua, Italy
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Jiang L, Matthys C, Marquez-Garcia B, De Cuyper C, Smet L, De Keyser A, Boyer FD, Beeckman T, Depuydt S, Goormachtig S. Strigolactones spatially influence lateral root development through the cytokinin signaling network. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:379-89. [PMID: 26519957 PMCID: PMC4682444 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are important rhizosphere signals that act as phytohormones and have multiple functions, including modulation of lateral root (LR) development. Here, we show that treatment with the strigolactone analog GR24 did not affect LR initiation, but negatively influenced LR priming and emergence, the latter especially near the root-shoot junction. The cytokinin module ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE KINASE3 (AHK3)/ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR1 (ARR1)/ARR12 was found to interact with the GR24-dependent reduction in LR development, because mutants in this pathway rendered LR development insensitive to GR24. Additionally, pharmacological analyses, mutant analyses, and gene expression analyses indicated that the affected polar auxin transport stream in mutants of the AHK3/ARR1/ARR12 module could be the underlying cause. Altogether, the data reveal that the GR24 effect on LR development depends on the hormonal landscape that results from the intimate connection with auxins and cytokinins, two main players in LR development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiang Jiang
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Cedrick Matthys
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Belen Marquez-Garcia
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Carolien De Cuyper
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Lien Smet
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Annick De Keyser
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - François-Didier Boyer
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-AgroParisTech, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Unité Propre de Recherche 2301, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Stephen Depuydt
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Sofie Goormachtig
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
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37
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Koltai H. Cellular events of strigolactone signalling and their crosstalk with auxin in roots. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:4855-61. [PMID: 25900617 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are a new group of plant hormones that suppress shoot branching. In roots, they regulate primary-root growth and lateral-root formation and increase root-hair elongation. Reception of strigolactones occurs via a specific cellular system which includes a D14-like/MAX2-like/SCF complex that, upon perception of strigolactone signalling, leads to certain degradation of receptors and to the release of downstream targets. This signalling pathway may eventually result in changes in actin-filament bundling, cellular trafficking, and PIN localization in the plasma membrane. As a result, auxin flux may be regulated in the shoot or root. Strigolactones are also involved with the response to phosphate conditions in roots, acting by both dampening auxin transport via depletion of PIN2 from the plasma membrane and inducing TIR1 transcription to increase auxin perception. In these instances and, possibly, others, strigolactones manipulate the auxin pathway, affecting its transport, perception or both. However, other mechanisms for strigolactone-regulated plant development and the involvement of other plant hormones are evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinanit Koltai
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Israel
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38
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In silico analysis of the genes encoding proteins that are involved in the biosynthesis of the RMS/MAX/D pathway revealed new roles of Strigolactones in plants. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:6757-82. [PMID: 25815594 PMCID: PMC4424986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16046757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones were described as a new group of phytohormones in 2008 and since then notable large number of their functions has been uncovered, including the regulation of plant growth and development, interactions with other organisms and a plant’s response to different abiotic stresses. In the last year, investigations of the strigolactone biosynthesis pathway in two model species, Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa, resulted in great progress in understanding the functions of four enzymes that are involved in this process. We performed in silico analyses, including the identification of the cis-regulatory elements in the promoters of genes encoding proteins of the strigolactone biosynthesis pathway and the identification of the miRNAs that are able to regulate their posttranscriptional level. We also searched the databases that contain the microarray data for the genes that were analyzed from both species in order to check their expression level under different growth conditions. The results that were obtained indicate that there are universal regulations of expression of all of the genes that are involved in the strigolactone biosynthesis in Arabidopsis and rice, but on the other hand each stage of strigolactone production may be additionally regulated independently. This work indicates the presence of crosstalk between strigolactones and almost all of the other phytohormones and suggests the role of strigolactones in the response to abiotic stresses, such as wounding, cold or flooding, as well as in the response to biotic stresses.
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39
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Kumar M, Pandya-Kumar N, Dam A, Haor H, Mayzlish-Gati E, Belausov E, Wininger S, Abu-Abied M, McErlean CSP, Bromhead LJ, Prandi C, Kapulnik Y, Koltai H. Arabidopsis response to low-phosphate conditions includes active changes in actin filaments and PIN2 polarization and is dependent on strigolactone signalling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:1499-510. [PMID: 25609825 PMCID: PMC4339606 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones that regulate the plant response to phosphate (Pi) growth conditions. At least part of SL-signalling execution in roots involves MAX2-dependent effects on PIN2 polar localization in the plasma membrane (PM) and actin bundling and dynamics. We examined PIN2 expression, PIN2 PM localization, endosome trafficking, and actin bundling under low-Pi conditions: a MAX2-dependent reduction in PIN2 trafficking and polarization in the PM, reduced endosome trafficking, and increased actin-filament bundling were detected in root cells. The intracellular protein trafficking that is related to PIN proteins but unassociated with AUX1 PM localization was selectively inhibited. Exogenous supplementation of the synthetic SL GR24 to a SL-deficient mutant (max4) led to depletion of PIN2 from the PM under low-Pi conditions. Accordingly, roots of mutants in MAX2, MAX4, PIN2, TIR3, and ACTIN2 showed a reduced low-Pi response compared with the wild type, which could be restored by auxin (for all mutants) or GR24 (for all mutants except max2-1). Changes in PIN2 polarity, actin bundling, and vesicle trafficking may be involved in the response to low Pi in roots, dependent on SL/MAX2 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Nirali Pandya-Kumar
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Anandamoy Dam
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Hila Haor
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Einav Mayzlish-Gati
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Eduard Belausov
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Smadar Wininger
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Mohamad Abu-Abied
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | | | - Liam J Bromhead
- School of Chemistry, the University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Cristina Prandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Turin University, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Yoram Kapulnik
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Hinanit Koltai
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
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40
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Sasse J, Simon S, Gübeli C, Liu GW, Cheng X, Friml J, Bouwmeester H, Martinoia E, Borghi L. Asymmetric localizations of the ABC transporter PaPDR1 trace paths of directional strigolactone transport. Curr Biol 2015; 25:647-55. [PMID: 25683808 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones, first discovered as germination stimulants for parasitic weeds [1], are carotenoid-derived phytohormones that play major roles in inhibiting lateral bud outgrowth and promoting plant-mycorrhizal symbiosis [2-4]. Furthermore, strigolactones are involved in the regulation of lateral and adventitious root development, root cell division [5, 6], secondary growth [7], and leaf senescence [8]. Recently, we discovered the strigolactone transporter Petunia axillaris PLEIOTROPIC DRUG RESISTANCE 1 (PaPDR1), which is required for efficient mycorrhizal colonization and inhibition of lateral bud outgrowth [9]. However, how strigolactones are transported through the plant remained unknown. Here we show that PaPDR1 exhibits a cell-type-specific asymmetric localization in different root tissues. In root tips, PaPDR1 is co-expressed with the strigolactone biosynthetic gene DAD1 (CCD8), and it is localized at the apical membrane of root hypodermal cells, presumably mediating the shootward transport of strigolactone. Above the root tip, in the hypodermal passage cells that form gates for the entry of mycorrhizal fungi, PaPDR1 is present in the outer-lateral membrane, compatible with its postulated function as strigolactone exporter from root to soil. Transport studies are in line with our localization studies since (1) a papdr1 mutant displays impaired transport of strigolactones out of the root tip to the shoot as well as into the rhizosphere and (2) DAD1 expression and PIN1/PIN2 levels change in plants deregulated for PDR1 expression, suggestive of variations in endogenous strigolactone contents. In conclusion, our results indicate that the polar localizations of PaPDR1 mediate directional shootward strigolactone transport as well as localized exudation into the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Sasse
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sibu Simon
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Christian Gübeli
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guo-Wei Liu
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xi Cheng
- Wageningen UR, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Harro Bouwmeester
- Wageningen UR, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Borghi
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland.
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41
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Kumar M, Pandya-Kumar N, Kapulnik Y, Koltai H. Strigolactone signaling in root development and phosphate starvation. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e1045174. [PMID: 26251884 PMCID: PMC4622057 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1045174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs), have recently been recognized as phytohormone involve in orchestrating shoot and root architecture. In, roots SLs positively regulate root hair length and density, suppress lateral root formation and promote primary root meristem cell number. The biosynthesis and exudation of SLs increases under low phosphate level to regulate root responses. This hormonal response suggests an adaptation strategy of plant to optimize growth and development under nutrient limitations. However, little is known on signal-transduction pathways associated with SL activities. In this review, we outline the current knowledge on SL biology by describing their role in the regulation of root development. Also, we discuss the recent findings on the non-cell autonomous signaling of SLs, that involve PIN polarization, vesicle trafficking, changes in actin architecture and dynamic in response to phosphate starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Institute of Plant Sciences; Agricultural Research Organization (ARO); the Volcani Center; Bet Dagan, Israel
- Current address: Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster (C3); University of Technology Sydney (UTS); Sydney, Australia
- Correspondence to: Manoj Kumar;
| | - Nirali Pandya-Kumar
- Institute of Plant Sciences; Agricultural Research Organization (ARO); the Volcani Center; Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Yoram Kapulnik
- Institute of Plant Sciences; Agricultural Research Organization (ARO); the Volcani Center; Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Hinanit Koltai
- Institute of Plant Sciences; Agricultural Research Organization (ARO); the Volcani Center; Bet Dagan, Israel
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42
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Bennett T, Leyser O. Strigolactone signalling: standing on the shoulders of DWARFs. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 22:7-13. [PMID: 25179782 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are an ancient and major class of endogenous plant growth regulators. Although only recently identified, rapid progress has been made in understanding strigolactone biology, including the identification of a signalling pathway involving DWARF14 α/β-fold proteins, the SCF(MAX2) ubiquitin ligase and SMAX1-LIKE (SMXL) family of chaperonin-like proteins. Several rapid effects of strigolactone signalling have also been identified, including endocytosis of the PIN-FORMED1 (PIN1) auxin efflux carrier and transcript accumulation of the BRANCHED1 (BRC1) transcription factor. Here we assess our current knowledge of strigolactone signalling, and discuss how increased understanding of the cell biology of the system can help to resolve some of the current uncertainties in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Bennett
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Ottoline Leyser
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK.
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43
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Koltai H. Receptors, repressors, PINs: a playground for strigolactone signaling. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 19:727-33. [PMID: 25037847 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones, previously identified as active stimuli of seed germination in parasitic plants, are now recognized as a new group of plant hormones that are active in both shoots and roots. Here, we review recent insights into the concepts of strigolactones-signal transduction and their mode of action. Although strigolactones are sensed via a cell-specific reception system, at least some aspects of their activity are conducted in a non-cell-autonomous fashion. Strigolactones also affect trafficking and plasma-membrane localization of the auxin transporter PIN, thereby regulating auxin flux. We present a model for strigolactone-signal transduction that might also explain the integration of strigolactones into other hormone-signaling pathways via the regulation of PIN auxin transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinanit Koltai
- Institute of Plant Sciences, ARO, Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel.
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44
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Kapulnik Y, Koltai H. Strigolactone involvement in root development, response to abiotic stress, and interactions with the biotic soil environment. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:560-9. [PMID: 25037210 PMCID: PMC4213088 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.244939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones, recently discovered as plant hormones, regulate the development of different plant parts. In the root, they regulate root architecture and affect root hair length and density. Their biosynthesis and exudation increase under low phosphate levels, and they are associated with root responses to these conditions. Their signaling pathway in the plant includes protein interactions and ubiquitin-dependent repressor degradation. In the root, they lead to changes in actin architecture and dynamics as well as localization of the PIN-FORMED auxin transporter in the plasma membrane. Strigolactones are also involved with communication in the rhizosphere. They are necessary for germination of parasitic plant seeds, they enhance hyphal branching of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of the Glomus and Gigaspora spp., and they promote rhizobial symbiosis. This review focuses on the role played by strigolactones in root development, their response to nutrient deficiency, and their involvement with plant interactions in the rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoram Kapulnik
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Hinanit Koltai
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
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45
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Yokawa K, Fasano R, Kagenishi T, Baluška F. Light as stress factor to plant roots - case of root halotropism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:718. [PMID: 25566292 PMCID: PMC4264407 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite growing underground, largely in darkness, roots emerge to be very sensitive to light. Recently, several important papers have been published which reveal that plant roots not only express all known light receptors but also that their growth, physiology and adaptive stress responses are light-sensitive. In Arabidopsis, illumination of roots speeds-up root growth via reactive oxygen species-mediated and F-actin dependent process. On the other hand, keeping Arabidopsis roots in darkness alters F-actin distribution, polar localization of PIN proteins as well as polar transport of auxin. Several signaling components activated by phytohormones are overlapping with light-related signaling cascade. We demonstrated that the sensitivity of roots to salinity is altered in the light-grown Arabidopsis roots. Particularly, light-exposed roots are less effective in their salt-avoidance behavior known as root halotropism. Here we discuss these new aspects of light-mediated root behavior from cellular, physiological and evolutionary perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Yokawa
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of BonnBonn, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan UniversityTokyo, Japan
| | - Rossella Fasano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of SalernoFisciano, Italy
| | - Tomoko Kagenishi
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of BonnBonn, Germany
| | - František Baluška
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of BonnBonn, Germany
- *Correspondence: František Baluška, Department of Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany e-mail:
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