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Madeira D, Madeira C, Calosi P, Vermandele F, Carrier-Belleau C, Barria-Araya A, Daigle R, Findlay HS, Poisot T. Multilayer biological networks to upscale marine research to global change-smart management and sustainable resource use. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173837. [PMID: 38866145 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Human activities are having a massive negative impact on biodiversity and ecological processes worldwide. The rate and magnitude of ecological transformations induced by climate change, habitat destruction, overexploitation and pollution are now so substantial that a sixth mass extinction event is currently underway. The biodiversity crisis of the Anthropocene urges scientists to put forward a transformative vision to promote the conservation of biodiversity, and thus indirectly the preservation of ecosystem functions. Here, we identify pressing issues in global change biology research and propose an integrative framework based on multilayer biological networks as a tool to support conservation actions and marine risk assessments in multi-stressor scenarios. Multilayer networks can integrate different levels of environmental and biotic complexity, enabling us to combine information on molecular, physiological and behaviour responses, species interactions and biotic communities. The ultimate aim of this framework is to link human-induced environmental changes to species physiology, fitness, biogeography and ecosystem impacts across vast seascapes and time frames, to help guide solutions to address biodiversity loss and ecological tipping points. Further, we also define our current ability to adopt a widespread use of multilayer networks within ecology, evolution and conservation by providing examples of case-studies. We also assess which approaches are ready to be transferred and which ones require further development before use. We conclude that multilayer biological networks will be crucial to inform (using reliable multi-levels integrative indicators) stakeholders and support their decision-making concerning the sustainable use of resources and marine conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Madeira
- Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources (ECOMARE), Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Carolina Madeira
- Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal; i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Piero Calosi
- Laboratory of Marine Ecological and Evolutionary Physiology, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Geography, University of Quebec in Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, G5L 3A1, Québec, Canada
| | - Fanny Vermandele
- Laboratory of Marine Ecological and Evolutionary Physiology, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Geography, University of Quebec in Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, G5L 3A1, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Aura Barria-Araya
- Laboratory of Marine Ecological and Evolutionary Physiology, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Geography, University of Quebec in Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, G5L 3A1, Québec, Canada
| | - Remi Daigle
- Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada; Marine Affairs Program, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Timothée Poisot
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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2
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Mahajan SL, Obiene S, Ojwang L, Olwero N, Valdivia A, Wosu A, Adrid E, Andradi-Brown DA, Andriamalala G, Ban NC, Bennett NJ, Blythe J, Cheng SH, Darling E, De Nardo M, Drury O'Neill E, Epstein G, Fidler RY, Fisher K, Geldmann J, Gill DA, Kroner RG, Gurney G, Jagadish A, Jonas HD, Lazuardi ME, Petersen S, Ranarivelo VV, Rasoloformanana L, Rasolozaka TM, Read DJ, Mwaiteleke ES, Ahmadia G. Introducing Elinor for monitoring the governance and management of area-based conservation. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024; 38:e14213. [PMID: 37904666 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring the governance and management effectiveness of area-based conservation has long been recognized as an important foundation for achieving national and global biodiversity goals and enabling adaptive management. However, there are still many barriers that prevent conservation actors, including those affected by governance and management systems from implementing conservation activities and programs and from gathering and using data on governance and management to inform decision-making across spatial scales and through time. We explored current and past efforts to assess governance and management effectiveness and barriers actors face in using the resulting data and insights to inform conservation decision-making. To help overcome these barriers, we developed Elinor, a free and open-source monitoring tool that builds on the work of Nobel Prize winner Elinor Ostrom to facilitate the gathering, storing, sharing, analyzing, and use of data on environmental governance and management across spatial scales and for areas under different governance and management types. We consider the process of codesigning and piloting Elinor with conservation scientists and practitioners and the main components of the assessment and online data system. We also consider how Elinor complements existing approaches by addressing governance and management in a single assessment at a high level for different types of area-based conservation, providing flexible options for data collection, and integrating a data system with an assessment that can support data use and sharing across different spatial scales, including global monitoring of the Global Biodiversity Framework. Although challenges will continue, the process of developing Elinor and the tool itself offer tangible solutions to barriers that prevent the systematic collection and use of governance and management data. With broader uptake, Elinor can play a valuable role in enabling more effective, inclusive, and durable area-based conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauna L Mahajan
- Global Science, World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, USA
- Ocean Conservation, World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Samson Obiene
- Coastal Oceans Research and Development, Indian Ocean (CORDIO), Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Lenice Ojwang
- Coastal Oceans Research and Development, Indian Ocean (CORDIO), Mombasa, Kenya
- Fauna & Flora International, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nasser Olwero
- Global Science, World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Abel Valdivia
- Ocean Conservation, World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Adaoma Wosu
- The Landscapes and Livelihoods Group, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Emily Adrid
- Global Science, World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, USA
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | - Natalie C Ban
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nathan J Bennett
- Global Science, World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, USA
- The Peopled Seas Initiative, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- People and the Ocean Specialist Group, Commission on Environmental, Economic and Social Policy, International Union for the Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland
- EqualSea Lab, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain
| | - Jessica Blythe
- Environmental Sustainability Research Centre, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Emily Darling
- Emily Darling, Marine Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Graham Epstein
- School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Y Fidler
- Institute of Environment and Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Kim Fisher
- Emily Darling, Marine Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jonas Geldmann
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David A Gill
- Duke University Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rachel Golden Kroner
- Ocean Conservation, World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, USA
- Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, Arlington, Virginia, USA
| | - Georgina Gurney
- College of Arts, Society and Education, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Arundhati Jagadish
- Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, Arlington, Virginia, USA
| | - Harry D Jonas
- Conservation Areas Initiative, WWF, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Samantha Petersen
- Southwest Indian Ocean Seascape Program, WWF Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | | | - Tojo M Rasolozaka
- Results-Based Management Unit, WWF Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Daniel J Read
- Global Science, World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Gabby Ahmadia
- Ocean Conservation, World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, USA
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3
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Gill DA, Lester SE, Free CM, Pfaff A, Iversen E, Reich BJ, Yang S, Ahmadia G, Andradi-Brown DA, Darling ES, Edgar GJ, Fox HE, Geldmann J, Trung Le D, Mascia MB, Mesa-Gutiérrez R, Mumby PJ, Veverka L, Warmuth LM. A diverse portfolio of marine protected areas can better advance global conservation and equity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313205121. [PMID: 38408235 PMCID: PMC10927568 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313205121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are widely used for ocean conservation, yet the relative impacts of various types of MPAs are poorly understood. We estimated impacts on fish biomass from no-take and multiple-use (fished) MPAs, employing a rigorous matched counterfactual design with a global dataset of >14,000 surveys in and around 216 MPAs. Both no-take and multiple-use MPAs generated positive conservation outcomes relative to no protection (58.2% and 12.6% fish biomass increases, respectively), with smaller estimated differences between the two MPA types when controlling for additional confounding factors (8.3% increase). Relative performance depended on context and management: no-take MPAs performed better in areas of high human pressure but similar to multiple-use in remote locations. Multiple-use MPA performance was low in high-pressure areas but improved significantly with better management, producing similar outcomes to no-take MPAs when adequately staffed and appropriate use regulations were applied. For priority conservation areas where no-take restrictions are not possible or ethical, our findings show that a portfolio of well-designed and well-managed multiple-use MPAs represents a viable and potentially equitable pathway to advance local and global conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Gill
- Duke Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, NC28516
| | - Sarah E. Lester
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL32306
| | - Christopher M. Free
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA93117
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA93117
| | - Alexander Pfaff
- Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC27708
| | - Edwin Iversen
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, NC27708
| | - Brian J. Reich
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC27695
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC27695
| | - Gabby Ahmadia
- Ocean Conservation, World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC20037
| | | | | | - Graham J. Edgar
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS7001, Australia
- Reef Life Survey Foundation, Battery Point, TAS7000, Australia
| | | | - Jonas Geldmann
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen2100, Denmark
| | - Duong Trung Le
- Duke Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, NC28516
- World Bank, Washington, DC20006
| | - Michael B. Mascia
- Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC27708
- Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, Arlington, VA22202
| | - Roosevelt Mesa-Gutiérrez
- Duke Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, NC28516
- Integrated Statistics Inc. in support of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Protected Resources Division, Gloucester, MA01930
| | - Peter J. Mumby
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Laura Veverka
- Ocean Conservation, World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC20037
| | - Laura M. Warmuth
- Duke Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, NC28516
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3SZ, United Kingdom
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4
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Giakoumi S, Hogg K, Di Lorenzo M, Compain N, Scianna C, Milisenda G, Claudet J, Damalas D, Carbonara P, Colloca F, Evangelopoulos A, Isajlović I, Karampetsis D, Ligas A, Marčeta B, Nenciu M, Nita V, Panayotova M, Sabatella R, Sartor P, Sgardeli V, Thasitis I, Todorova V, Vrgoč N, Scannella D, Vitale S, Di Franco A. Deficiencies in monitoring practices of marine protected areas in southern European seas. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 355:120476. [PMID: 38442657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Worldwide, states are gazetting new Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) to meet the international commitment of protecting 30% of the seas by 2030. Yet, protection benefits only come into effect when an MPA is implemented with activated regulations and actively managed through continuous monitoring and adaptive management. To assess if actively managed MPAs are the rule or the exception, we used the Mediterranean and Black Seas as a case study, and retrieved information on monitoring activities for 878 designated MPAs in ten European Union (EU) countries. We searched for scientific and grey literature that provides information on the following aspects of MPA assessment and monitoring: ecological (e.g., biomass of commercially exploited fish), social (e.g., perceptions of fishers in an MPA), economic (e.g., revenue of fishers) and governance (e.g., type of governance scheme). We also queried MPA authorities on their past and current monitoring activities using a web-based survey through which we collected 123 responses. Combining the literature review and survey results, we found that approximately 16% of the MPA designations (N = 878) have baseline and/or monitoring studies. Most monitoring programs evaluated MPAs based solely on biological/ecological variables and fewer included social, economic and/or governance variables, failing to capture and assess the social-ecological dimension of marine conservation. To increase the capacity of MPAs to design and implement effective social-ecological monitoring programs, we recommend strategies revolving around three pillars: funding, collaboration, and technology. Following the actionable recommendations presented herein, MPA authorities and EU Member States could improve the low level of MPA monitoring to more effectively reach the 30% protection target delivering benefits for biodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvaine Giakoumi
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Sicily Marine Centre, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo (complesso Roosevelt), 90149 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Katie Hogg
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Sicily Marine Centre, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo (complesso Roosevelt), 90149 Palermo, Italy
| | - Manfredi Di Lorenzo
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Sicily Marine Centre, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo (complesso Roosevelt), 90149 Palermo, Italy
| | - Nicolas Compain
- National Center for Scientific Research, PSL Université Paris, CRIOBE, CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Maison de l'Océan, 195 rue Saint-Jacques, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Claudia Scianna
- Calabria Marine Centre, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 87071, Amendolara, Italy
| | - Giacomo Milisenda
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Sicily Marine Centre, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo (complesso Roosevelt), 90149 Palermo, Italy
| | - Joachim Claudet
- National Center for Scientific Research, PSL Université Paris, CRIOBE, CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Maison de l'Océan, 195 rue Saint-Jacques, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Dimitrios Damalas
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, P.O. Box 2214, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Pierluigi Carbonara
- Fondazione COISPA, Stazione Sperimentale per lo Studio del Mare, via dei Trulli 18-20, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Colloca
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 00198, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Igor Isajlović
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Set. I. Mestrovica 63, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | | | - Alessandro Ligas
- Consorzio per il Centro Interuniversitario di Biologia Marina ed Ecologia Applicata "G. Bacci" (CIBM), viale Nazario Sauro 4, 57128, Livorno, Italy
| | - Bojan Marčeta
- Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, Spodnje Gameljne 61 a 1211 Ljubljana, 1211, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Magda Nenciu
- National Institute for Marine Research and Development "Grigore Antipa", 300 Mamaia Blvd., Constanta, 900581, Romania
| | - Victor Nita
- National Institute for Marine Research and Development "Grigore Antipa", 300 Mamaia Blvd., Constanta, 900581, Romania
| | - Marina Panayotova
- Institute of Oceanology - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, P.O.Box 152, 9000, Varna, Bulgaria
| | | | - Paolo Sartor
- Consorzio per il Centro Interuniversitario di Biologia Marina ed Ecologia Applicata "G. Bacci" (CIBM), viale Nazario Sauro 4, 57128, Livorno, Italy
| | - Vasiliki Sgardeli
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, P.O. Box 2214, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ioannis Thasitis
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Research, 2033, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Valentina Todorova
- Institute of Oceanology - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, P.O.Box 152, 9000, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Nedo Vrgoč
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Set. I. Mestrovica 63, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Danilo Scannella
- National Research Council (CNR) - Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), 91026, Mazara del Vallo (TP), Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sergio Vitale
- National Research Council (CNR) - Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), 91026, Mazara del Vallo (TP), Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Franco
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Sicily Marine Centre, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo (complesso Roosevelt), 90149 Palermo, Italy
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5
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Ban NC, Darling ES, Gurney GG, Friedman W, Jupiter SD, Lestari WP, Yulianto I, Pardede S, Tarigan SAR, Prihatiningsih P, Mangubhai S, Naisilisili W, Dulunaqio S, Naggea J, Ranaivoson R, Agostini VN, Ahmadia G, Blythe J, Campbell SJ, Claudet J, Cox C, Epstein G, Estradivari, Fox M, Gill D, Himes-Cornell A, Jonas H, Mcleod E, Muthiga NA, McClanahan T. Effects of management objectives and rules on marine conservation outcomes. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2023; 37:e14156. [PMID: 37728514 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the relative effectiveness and enabling conditions of different area-based management tools is essential for supporting efforts that achieve positive biodiversity outcomes as area-based conservation coverage increases to meet newly set international targets. We used data from a coastal social-ecological monitoring program in 6 Indo-Pacific countries to analyze whether social, ecological, and economic objectives and specific management rules (temporal closures, fishing gear-specific, species-specific restrictions) were associated with coral reef fish biomass above sustainable yield levels across different types of area-based management tools (i.e., comparing those designated as marine protected areas [MPAs] with other types of area-based management). All categories of objectives, multiple combinations of rules, and all types of area-based management had some sites that were able to sustain high levels of reef fish biomass-a key measure for coral reef functioning-compared with reference sites with no area-based management. Yet, the same management types also had sites with low biomass. As governments advance their commitments to the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and the target to conserve 30% of the planet's land and oceans by 2030, we found that although different types of management can be effective, most of the managed areas in our study regions did not meet criteria for effectiveness. These findings underscore the importance of strong management and governance of managed areas and the need to measure the ecological impact of area-based management rather than counting areas because of their designation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C Ban
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Emily S Darling
- Marine Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Georgina G Gurney
- College of Arts, Society and Education, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Whitney Friedman
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Stacy D Jupiter
- Melanesia Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Suva, Fiji
| | - W Peni Lestari
- Indonesia Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Irfan Yulianto
- Indonesia Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Sinta Pardede
- Indonesia Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bogor, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Josheena Naggea
- Emmett Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ravaka Ranaivoson
- Madagascar Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Vera N Agostini
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabby Ahmadia
- Oceans Conservation, World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jessica Blythe
- Environmental Sustainability Research Centre, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Joachim Claudet
- National Center for Scientific Research, PSL Université Paris, CRIOBE, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | | | - Graham Epstein
- School of Politics, Security and International Affairs and Sustainable Coastal System Cluster, National Center for Integrated Coastal Research, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
- School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Estradivari
- Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT), Bremen, Germany
- Marine Ecology Department, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry (FB2), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - David Gill
- Duke University Marine Laboratory Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amber Himes-Cornell
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Harry Jonas
- Conservation Areas, World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Tim McClanahan
- Global Marine Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, USA
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6
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Cheng SH, Costedoat S, Sigouin A, Calistro GF, Chamberlain CJ, Lichtenthal P, Mills M, Nowakowski AJ, Sterling EJ, Tinsman J, Wiggins M, Brancalion PHS, Canty SWJ, Fritts-Penniman A, Jagadish A, Jones K, Mascia MB, Porzecanski A, Zganjar C, Brenes CLM. Assessing evidence on the impacts of nature-based interventions for climate change mitigation: a systematic map of primary and secondary research from subtropical and tropical terrestrial regions. ENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE 2023; 12:21. [PMID: 39294699 PMCID: PMC11378798 DOI: 10.1186/s13750-023-00312-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nature-based interventions (NbIs) for climate change mitigation include a diverse set of interventions aimed at conserving, restoring, and/or managing natural and modified ecosystems to improve their ability to store and sequester carbon and avoid greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Recent projections estimate that terrestrial NbIs can lead to more than one-third of the climate change mitigation necessary to meet the Paris Climate Agreement by 2030. Further, these interventions can provide co-benefits in the form of social and ecological outcomes. Despite growing recognition of the potential benefits, a clear characterization of the distribution and occurrence of evidence which supports linkages between different types of NbIs and outcomes for climate change mitigation, ecosystems, and people remains poorly understood. METHODS This systematic map assesses the evidence base on the links between NbIs and climate change mitigation, social, and ecological outcomes in tropical and subtropical terrestrial regions. We searched three bibliographic databases, 65 organization websites, and conducted backward citation chasing within 39 existing evidence syntheses to identify relevant articles. Additionally, we reached out to key informants for additional sources of evidence. We then used machine learning to rank returned results by relevance at the title and abstract stage and manually screened for inclusion using predefined criteria at the title, abstract, and full text stages. We extracted relevant meta-data from included articles using an a priori coding scheme. Lastly, we conducted a targeted, complementary search to identify relevant review and synthesis articles to provide broader context for the findings of the systematic map. REVIEW FINDINGS We included 948 articles in this systematic map. Most of the evidence base (56%) examined links between protection, natural resource management, and restoration interventions with changes to 'proxy' outcomes for climate change mitigation (changes to land condition, land cover, and/or land use). Other areas with high occurrence of articles included linkages between interventions within natural resource management and trees in croplands categories and changes to aboveground carbon storage and/or sequestration (17% of articles). A key knowledge gap was on measured changes in GHG emissions across all intervention types (6% of articles). Overall, articles in the evidence base did not often assess changes in co-benefits alongside direct or indirect changes for climate change mitigation (32%). In most cases, the evidence base contained studies which did not explicitly test for causal linkages using appropriate experimental or quasi-experimental designs. CONCLUSIONS The evidence base for NbIs is significant and growing; however, key gaps in knowledge hamper the ability to inform ongoing and future investment and implementation at scale. More comprehensive evidence is needed to support causal inference between NbIs and direct outcomes for climate change mitigation to better determine additionality, permanence, leakage, and other unintended consequences. Similarly, priorities emerging from this map include the need for coordinated and harmonized efforts to collect diverse data types to better understand whether and how other outcomes (e.g. social, ecological) of NbIs can be achieved synergistically with mitigation objectives. Understanding potential benefits and trade-offs of NbIs is particularly urgent to inform rapidly expanding carbon markets for nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha H Cheng
- World Wildlife Fund, 1250 24th St NW, Washington, DC, 20037, USA.
- Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, 10024, USA.
| | - Sebastien Costedoat
- The Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Arlington, VA, 22202, USA
| | - Amanda Sigouin
- Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, 10024, USA
| | - Gabriel F Calistro
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Catherine J Chamberlain
- The Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Arlington, VA, 22202, USA
- The Nature Conservancy, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Peter Lichtenthal
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 1200 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | | | - A Justin Nowakowski
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD, 21037, USA
- Working Land and Seascapes, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013, USA
| | - Eleanor J Sterling
- Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, 10024, USA
- Hawai'I Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i, Mānoa, HI, USA
| | - Jen Tinsman
- Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, 10024, USA
| | | | - Pedro H S Brancalion
- Department of Forest Sciences, 'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Steven W J Canty
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD, 21037, USA
- Saturday Academy, University of Portland, 5000 N Willamette Blvd, Portland, OR, 97203, USA
| | | | - Arundhati Jagadish
- The Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Arlington, VA, 22202, USA
| | - Kelly Jones
- Human Dimensions of Natural Resources Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1480, USA
| | - Michael B Mascia
- The Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Arlington, VA, 22202, USA
| | - Ana Porzecanski
- Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, 10024, USA
| | | | - Carlos L Muñoz Brenes
- The Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Arlington, VA, 22202, USA
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7
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Boubekri I, Mazurek H, Djebar AB, Amara R. Harnessing Fishers' local knowledge and their perceptions: Opportunities to improve management of coastal fishing in Mediterranean marine protected areas. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118456. [PMID: 37384984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
To contribute to the sustainable management of the coastal fishing in the future Marine Protected Area (MPA) of "Taza" (Algeria, SW Mediterranean), the aim of this study was to evaluate the Local Knowledge (LK) of fishers operating near the forthcoming MPA and to understand their conservation-oriented attitudes. Data were collected through interviews and participatory mapping. To this end, 30 face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted between June and September 2017 with fishers, collecting socioeconomic, biological, and ecological information in the fishing harbor of Ziama (Jijel, NE Algeria). The case study focuses on both professional and recreational coastal fisheries. This fishing harbor is located in the eastern part of the Gulf of Béjaia, a Bay located within the area of this future MPA, but outside its boundaries. Based on fishers' LK, cartography of fishing grounds within the MPA perimeter was obtained, while the perceived healthy bottom habitats and polluted areas in the Gulf were mapped by the use of a hard copy map. The results show that fishers present detailed knowledge that is consistent with literature about different target species and their breeding seasons, showing awareness about the reserve effects 'spillover' in enhancing local fisheries. Overall, the fishers noted that the good management of the MPA relies on limiting trawling in coastal areas and avoiding land-based pollution within the Gulf. Some of such management measures are already included in the proposed zoning plan, but lack of enforcement is a perceived constraint. Given the gap observed between the two shores of the Mediterranean Sea in terms of both financial resources and MPA coverage, the use of local knowledge system (e.g., fishers' LK and their perceptions) can enable the implementation of a cost-effective method to encourage the creation of new MPAs in the Southern shore for more ecological representativeness systems of MPAs at a Mediterranean scale. Therefore, this work offers management opportunities that may be used for addressing the lack of scientific knowledge in managing coastal fishing and valuing MPAs in Southern Mediterranean low-income countries characterized by a data-poor context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abdallah Borhane Djebar
- University of Badji Mokhtar, Laboratory of Ecobiology of Marine and Littoral Environment, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Rachid Amara
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, LOG-CNRS, Univ. Lille, UMR, 8187, Wimereux, France
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8
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Burrows JL, Lee JR, Wilson KA. Evaluating the conservation impact of Antarctica's protected areas. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2023; 37:e14059. [PMID: 36661063 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Antarctic specially protected areas (ASPAs) are a key regulatory mechanism for protecting Antarctic environmental values. Previous evaluations of the effectiveness of the ASPA system focused on its representativeness and design characteristics, presenting a compelling rationale for its systematic revision. Upgrading the system could increase the representation of values within ASPAs, but representation alone does not guarantee the avoided loss or improvement of those values. Identifying factors that influence the effectiveness of ASPAs would inform the design and management of an ASPA system with the greatest capacity to deliver its intended conservation outcomes. To facilitate evaluations of ASPA effectiveness, we devised a research and policy agenda that includes articulating a theory of change for what outcomes ASPAs generate and how; building evaluation principles into ASPA design and designation processes; employing complementary approaches to evaluate multiple dimensions of effectiveness; and extending evaluation findings to identify and exploit drivers of positive conservation impact. Implementing these approaches will enhance the efficacy of ASPAs as a management tool, potentially leading to improved outcomes for Antarctic natural values in an era of rapid global change. Evaluación del impacto de conservación de las áreas protegidas de la Antártida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna L Burrows
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jasmine R Lee
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kerrie A Wilson
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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9
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Fidler RY, Ahmadia GN, Amkieltiela, Awaludinnoer, Cox C, Estradivari, Glew L, Handayani C, Mahajan SL, Mascia MB, Pakiding F, Andradi-Brown DA, Campbell SJ, Claborn K, De Nardo M, Fox HE, Gill D, Hidayat NI, Jakub R, Le DT, Purwanto, Valdivia A, Harborne AR. Participation, not penalties: Community involvement and equitable governance contribute to more effective multiuse protected areas. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl8929. [PMID: 35507668 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl8929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Accelerating ecosystem degradation has spurred proposals to vastly expand the extent of protected areas (PAs), potentially affecting the livelihoods and well-being of indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLCs) worldwide. The benefits of multiuse PAs that elevate the role of IPLCs in management have long been recognized. However, quantitative examinations of how resource governance and the distribution of management rights affect conservation outcomes are vital for long-term sustainability. Here, we use a long-term, quasi-experimental monitoring dataset from four Indonesian marine PAs that demonstrates that multiuse PAs can increase fish biomass, but incorporating multiple governance principles into management regimes and enforcing rules equitably are critical to achieve ecological benefits. Furthermore, we show that PAs predicated primarily on enforcing penalties can be less effective than those where IPLCs have the capacity to engage in management. Our results suggest that well-governed multiuse PAs can achieve conservation objectives without undermining the rights of IPLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Y Fidler
- Institute of Environment and Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st St., North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - Gabby N Ahmadia
- Ocean Conservation, World Wildlife Fund US, 1250 24th St NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Amkieltiela
- World Wildlife Fund Indonesia, Gedung Graha Simatupang Tower 2C Lantai 7, Jl. Letjen TB Simatupang kav.38, South Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, Leuven, Belgium
- Yayasan PADMI Mandiri, Graha Mampang Lantai 3 Suite 305, Jl. Mampang Prapatan Raya Kav 100, South Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Awaludinnoer
- The Nature Conservancy Indonesia, Graha Iskandarsyah 3rd Floor Jl. Iskandarsyah Raya No. 66C Kebayoran Baru, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Courtney Cox
- Rare US, 1030 N Courthouse Rd., Suite 110, Arlington, VA 22201, USA
| | - Estradivari
- World Wildlife Fund Indonesia, Gedung Graha Simatupang Tower 2C Lantai 7, Jl. Letjen TB Simatupang kav.38, South Jakarta, Indonesia
- Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstraße 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Marine Ecology Department, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry (FB2), University of Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Louise Glew
- Global Science, World Wildlife Fund US, 1250 24th St. NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Christian Handayani
- World Wildlife Fund Indonesia, Gedung Graha Simatupang Tower 2C Lantai 7, Jl. Letjen TB Simatupang kav.38, South Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Shauna L Mahajan
- Global Science, World Wildlife Fund US, 1250 24th St. NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Michael B Mascia
- Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Dr., Suite 600, Arlington, VA 22202, USA
| | - Fitryanti Pakiding
- University of Papua, Jl. Gunung Salju, Amban, Manokwari 98314, West Papua, Indonesia
| | | | - Stuart J Campbell
- Rare Indonesia, Jl. Gunung Gede I No. 6, Bogor 16153, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Kelly Claborn
- Global Science, World Wildlife Fund US, 1250 24th St. NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, 900 S. Cady Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Matheus De Nardo
- Global Science, World Wildlife Fund US, 1250 24th St. NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Helen E Fox
- Coral Reef Alliance, 1330 Broadway, Suite 600, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
| | - David Gill
- Duke University Marine Laboratory, 135 Duke Marine Lab Rd., Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
| | - Nur I Hidayat
- Conservation International Indonesia, Jl. Pejaten Barat No. 16 A, Kemang, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Raymond Jakub
- Rare Indonesia, Jl. Gunung Gede I No. 6, Bogor 16153, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Duong T Le
- Duke University Marine Laboratory, 135 Duke Marine Lab Rd., Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
- The World Bank, 1818 H Street, Washington, DC 20433, USA
| | - Purwanto
- University of Papua, Jl. Gunung Salju, Amban, Manokwari 98314, West Papua, Indonesia
- Coral Triangle Center, Jl. Betngandang II No. 88-89, Sanur 80228, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Abel Valdivia
- Rare US, 1030 N Courthouse Rd., Suite 110, Arlington, VA 22201, USA
| | - Alastair R Harborne
- Institute of Environment and Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st St., North Miami, FL 33181, USA
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10
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Ghoddousi A, Loos J, Kuemmerle T. An Outcome-Oriented, Social–Ecological Framework for Assessing Protected Area Effectiveness. Bioscience 2021; 72:201-212. [PMID: 35145352 PMCID: PMC8824764 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biab114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Both the number and the extent of protected areas have grown considerably in recent years, but evaluations of their effectiveness remain partial and are hard to compare across cases. To overcome this situation, first, we suggest reserving the term effectiveness solely for assessing protected area outcomes, to clearly distinguish this from management assessments (e.g., sound planning). Second, we propose a multidimensional conceptual framework, rooted in social–ecological theory, to assess effectiveness along three complementary dimensions: ecological outcomes (e.g., biodiversity), social outcomes (e.g., well-being), and social–ecological interactions (e.g., reduced human pressures). Effectiveness indicators can subsequently be evaluated against contextual and management elements (e.g., design and planning) to shed light on management performance (e.g., cost-effectiveness). We summarize steps to operationalize our framework to foster more holistic effectiveness assessments while improving comparability across protected areas. All of this can ensure that protected areas make real contributions toward conservation and sustainability goals.
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11
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Lewis‐Brown E, Beatty H, Davis K, Rabearisoa A, Ramiaramanana J, Mascia MB, Mills M. The importance of future generations and conflict management in conservation. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Lewis‐Brown
- Science and Solutions for a Changing Planet DTP Grantham Institute and the Department Life Sciences, Imperial College London Silwood Park Berks SL5 7PY UK
| | - Hope Beatty
- Science and Solutions for a Changing Planet DTP Grantham Institute and the Department Life Sciences, Imperial College London Silwood Park Berks SL5 7PY UK
- Blue Ventures London UK
| | - Katrina Davis
- Department of Zoology University of Oxford, Zoology Research and Administration Building Oxford UK
| | - Ando Rabearisoa
- Conservation International, Antananarivo, Madagascar & Conservation Action Lab Arlington Virginia USA
- University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California USA
| | | | - Michael B. Mascia
- Moore Centre for Science, Conservation International Arlington Virginia USA
| | - Morena Mills
- Science and Solutions for a Changing Planet DTP Grantham Institute and the Department Life Sciences, Imperial College London Silwood Park Berks SL5 7PY UK
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12
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Romero‐de‐Diego C, Dean A, Jagadish A, Witt B, Mascia MB, Mills M. Drivers of adoption and spread of wildlife management initiatives in Mexico. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Romero‐de‐Diego
- School of Earth and Environmental Science University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia
| | - Angela Dean
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia
- Centre for the Environment, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Arundhati Jagadish
- Moore Center for Science, Conservation International Arlington Virginia USA
| | - Bradd Witt
- School of Earth and Environmental Science University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia
| | - Michael B. Mascia
- Moore Center for Science, Conservation International Arlington Virginia USA
| | - Morena Mills
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus London UK
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13
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Toone TA, Hunter R, Benjamin ED, Handley S, Jeffs A, Hillman JR. Conserving shellfish reefs—a systematic review reveals the need to broaden research efforts. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trevyn A. Toone
- Institute of Marine Science University of Auckland 160 Goat Island Road Leigh 0985 New Zealand
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research 217 Akersten Street, Port Nelson Nelson 7010 New Zealand
| | - Rebecca Hunter
- Department of Aquaculture Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology 322 Hardy Street Nelson 7010 New Zealand
| | - Emilee D. Benjamin
- Institute of Marine Science University of Auckland 160 Goat Island Road Leigh 0985 New Zealand
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research 217 Akersten Street, Port Nelson Nelson 7010 New Zealand
| | - Sean Handley
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research 217 Akersten Street, Port Nelson Nelson 7010 New Zealand
| | - Andrew Jeffs
- Institute of Marine Science University of Auckland 160 Goat Island Road Leigh 0985 New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland 3A Symonds Street Auckland 1010 New Zealand
| | - Jenny R. Hillman
- Institute of Marine Science University of Auckland 160 Goat Island Road Leigh 0985 New Zealand
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14
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de Oliveira Júnior JGC, Campos-Silva JV, Santos DTV, Ladle RJ, da Silva Batista V. Quantifying anthropogenic threats affecting Marine Protected Areas in developing countries. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 279:111614. [PMID: 33223354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Conservation's capacity to deal with anthropogenic environmental threats within Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) varies enormously, especially in developing countries that are often immersed in weak enforcement, ineffective management and shortages of resources. A deeper understanding of the causes of these threats is fundamental for identifying effective management solutions. Here, we investigate the presumptive drivers of environmental threats across 40 Brazilian MPAs. We categorized and quantified environmental threats from two independent sources: i) the results of systematic social surveys carried out as part of WWF's RAPPAM assessment, as primary data source, and; ii) data gathered from news media articles related to the MPAs (secondary data source). We identified 461 reports of threats that we classified into three general categories: overexploitation, urbanization and land use threats. The presence of overexploitation threats was strongly associated with extreme poverty of local communities close to the MPAs. Threats also seem to be more frequent in category V MPAs, which in Brazil are Environmental Protection Areas (EPA), with multiple use objectives. Threats were concentrated on the North and Southeast coasts of Brazil. We found that data from news media can be used for qualitative assessment of threats, but has limited potential for quantification. Our findings highlight the need for policy makers and MPA managers to adopt a broader perspective that considers the role of social inequalities in promoting and exacerbating environmental threats. While recognizing that conservation has limited capacity to address the widespread social inequalities found in many tropical developing countries, if the socioeconomic context of local communities is significantly compromising conservation efforts it may be necessary to target and prioritize social interventions as a prerequisite for effective MPA management and governance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João Vitor Campos-Silva
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences-ICBS, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Davi Teles Vinhas Santos
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences-ICBS, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Richard J Ladle
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences-ICBS, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Vandick da Silva Batista
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences-ICBS, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
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15
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Kemink KM, Adams VM, Pressey RL, Walker JA. A synthesis of knowledge about motives for participation in perpetual conservation easements. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kaylan M. Kemink
- Ducks Unlimited Inc. Bismarck North Dakota USA
- College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Douglas QLD Australia
| | - Vanessa M. Adams
- Geography and Spatial Sciences, School of Technology, Environments and Design University of Tasmania Hobart TAS Australia
| | - Robert L. Pressey
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, Sir George Fisher Research Building Douglas QLD Australia
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16
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Quintana AC, Basurto X. Community‐based conservation strategies to end open access: The case of Fish Refuges in Mexico. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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17
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Abstract
Marine protected areas (MPAs) can contribute to protecting biodiversity and managing ocean activities, including fishing. There is, however, limited evidence of ecological responses to blue water MPAs. We conducted the first comprehensive evaluation of impacts on fisheries production and ecological responses to pelagic MPAs of the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument. A Bayesian time series-based counterfactual modelling approach using fishery-dependent data was used to compare the temporal response in the MPAs to three reference regions for standardized catch rates, lengths, trophic level of the catch and species diversity. Catch rates of bigeye tuna, the main target species (Kingman/Palmyra MPA, causal effect probability >99% of an 84% reduction; 95% credible interval: -143%, -25%), and blue shark (Johnston MPAs, causal effect probability >95%) were significantly lower and longnose lancetfish significantly higher (Johnston MPAs, causal effect probability >95%) than predicted had the MPAs not been established, possibly from closing areas near shallow features, which aggregate pelagic predators, and from ‘fishing-the-line’. There were no apparent causal impacts of the MPAs on species diversity, lengths and trophic level of the catch, perhaps because the MPAs were young, were too small, did not contain critical habitat for specific life-history stages, had been lightly exploited or experienced fishing-the-line. We also assessed model-standardized catch rates for species of conservation concern and mean trophic level of the catch within and outside of MPAs. Displaced effort produced multi-species conflicts: MPAs protect bycatch hotspots and hotspots of bycatch-to-target catch ratios for some at-risk species, but coldspots for others. Mean trophic level of the catch was significantly higher around MPAs, likely due to the aggregating effect of the shallow features and there having been light fishing pressure within MPAs. These findings demonstrate how exploring a wide range of ecological responses supports evidence-based evaluations of blue water MPAs.
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18
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Opportunities to close the gap between science and practice for Marine Protected Areas in Brazil. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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20
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Butorac D, Santos P, Phouvin P, Guegan F. Freshwater fisheries conservation can increase biodiversity. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233775. [PMID: 32459821 PMCID: PMC7252637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluate the impact of a fisheries management program centered on the definition of Fish Conservation Zones on biodiversity, measured as the number of species caught in the last 12 months. Data comes from a set of 32 villages in central Lao PDR, of which half participated in the program, and the remaining are a set of matched control villages. The estimated causal effects are large (an increase between 29 and 32 species) and robust to the potential importance of unmeasured confounders. We also show that initial conditions may matter, as the program seems particularly effective in villages with high probability of participating in the program. These results are particularly important given the paucity of evidence regarding the impact of conservation programs on biodiversity, particularly in the context of freshwater ecosystems. Further directions of research suggested by these results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan Butorac
- Environmental Management, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - Paulo Santos
- Dept Economics, Monash University, Caulfield, Vic, Australia
- * E-mail:
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21
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Jacob C, Bochove J, Livingstone S, White T, Pilgrim J, Bennun L. Marine biodiversity offsets: Pragmatic approaches toward better conservation outcomes. Conserv Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Jacob
- Laboratoire d'Economie Ecologique, Institut des sciences de la forêt tempéréeUniversité du Québec en Outaouais Gatineau Quebec Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Leon Bennun
- The Biodiversity Consultancy Cambridge UK
- Conservation Science Group, Department of ZoologyUniversity of Cambridge Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EJ UK
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22
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Bennett NJ, Satterfield T. Environmental governance: A practical framework to guide design, evaluation, and analysis. Conserv Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J. Bennett
- Institute for Resources, Environment, and SustainabilityUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada V6T 1Z4
- Institute for the Oceans and FisheriesUniversity of British Columbia Canada Vancouver BC Canada V6T 1Z4
- Center for Ocean SolutionsStanford University Stanford CA USA
| | - Terre Satterfield
- Institute for Resources, Environment, and SustainabilityUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada V6T 1Z4
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23
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Kaplan-Hallam M, Bennett NJ. Adaptive social impact management for conservation and environmental management. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2018; 32:304-314. [PMID: 29063710 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Concerns about the social consequences of conservation have spurred increased attention the monitoring and evaluation of the social impacts of conservation projects. This has resulted in a growing body of research that demonstrates how conservation can produce both positive and negative social, economic, cultural, health, and governance consequences for local communities. Yet, the results of social monitoring efforts are seldom applied to adaptively manage conservation projects. Greater attention is needed to incorporating the results of social impact assessments in long-term conservation management to minimize negative social consequences and maximize social benefits. We bring together insights from social impact assessment, adaptive management, social learning, knowledge coproduction, cross-scale governance, and environmental planning to propose a definition and framework for adaptive social impact management (ASIM). We define ASIM as the cyclical process of monitoring and adaptively managing social impacts over the life-span of an initiative through the 4 stages of profiling, learning, planning, and implementing. We outline 14 steps associated with the 4 stages of the ASIM cycle and provide guidance and potential methods for social-indicator development, predictive assessments of social impacts, monitoring and evaluation, communication of results, and identification and prioritization of management responses. Successful ASIM will be aided by engaging with best practices - including local engagement and collaboration in the process, transparent communication of results to stakeholders, collective deliberation on and choice of interventions, documentation of shared learning at the site level, and the scaling up of insights to inform higher-level conservation policies-to increase accountability, trust, and perceived legitimacy among stakeholders. The ASIM process is broadly applicable to conservation, environmental management, and development initiatives at various scales and in different contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maery Kaplan-Hallam
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Nathan J Bennett
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, U.S.A
- Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Monterey, CA, U.S.A
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24
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Barnes MD, Glew L, Wyborn C, Craigie ID. Prevent perverse outcomes from global protected area policy. Nat Ecol Evol 2018; 2:759-762. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-018-0501-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Villaseñor-Derbez JC, Faro C, Wright M, Martínez J, Fitzgerald S, Fulton S, Mancha-Cisneros MDM, McDonald G, Micheli F, Suárez A, Torre J, Costello C. A user-friendly tool to evaluate the effectiveness of no-take marine reserves. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191821. [PMID: 29381762 PMCID: PMC5790253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine reserves are implemented to achieve a variety of objectives, but are seldom rigorously evaluated to determine whether those objectives are met. In the rare cases when evaluations do take place, they typically focus on ecological indicators and ignore other relevant objectives such as socioeconomics and governance. And regardless of the objectives, the diversity of locations, monitoring protocols, and analysis approaches hinder the ability to compare results across case studies. Moreover, analysis and evaluation of reserves is generally conducted by outside researchers, not the reserve managers or users, plausibly thereby hindering effective local management and rapid response to change. We present a framework and tool, called "MAREA", to overcome these challenges. Its purpose is to evaluate the extent to which any given reserve has achieved its stated objectives. MAREA provides specific guidance on data collection and formatting, and then conducts rigorous causal inference analysis based on data input by the user, providing real-time outputs about the effectiveness of the reserve. MAREA's ease of use, standardization of state-of-the-art inference methods, and ability to analyze marine reserve effectiveness across ecological, socioeconomic, and governance objectives could dramatically further our understanding and support of effective marine reserve management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Villaseñor-Derbez
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Caio Faro
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Melaina Wright
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Jael Martínez
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Sean Fitzgerald
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Stuart Fulton
- Comunidad y Biodiversidad A.C., Calle Isla del Peruano, Guaymas, Sonora, México
| | | | - Gavin McDonald
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- Sustainable Fisheries Group, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Fiorenza Micheli
- Hopkins Marine Station and Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, 93950, United States of America
| | - Alvin Suárez
- Comunidad y Biodiversidad A.C., Calle Isla del Peruano, Guaymas, Sonora, México
| | - Jorge Torre
- Comunidad y Biodiversidad A.C., Calle Isla del Peruano, Guaymas, Sonora, México
| | - Christopher Costello
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- Sustainable Fisheries Group, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
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