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Zhang J, Chen X, Song Y, Gong Z. Integrative regulatory mechanisms of stomatal movements under changing climate. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:368-393. [PMID: 38319001 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Global climate change-caused drought stress, high temperatures and other extreme weather profoundly impact plant growth and development, restricting sustainable crop production. To cope with various environmental stimuli, plants can optimize the opening and closing of stomata to balance CO2 uptake for photosynthesis and water loss from leaves. Guard cells perceive and integrate various signals to adjust stomatal pores through turgor pressure regulation. Molecular mechanisms and signaling networks underlying the stomatal movements in response to environmental stresses have been extensively studied and elucidated. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of stomatal movements mediated by abscisic acid, light, CO2 , reactive oxygen species, pathogens, temperature, and other phytohormones. We discussed the significance of elucidating the integrative mechanisms that regulate stomatal movements in helping design smart crops with enhanced water use efficiency and resilience in a climate-changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuexue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yajing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhizhong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
- Institute of Life Science and Green Development, School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071001, China
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2
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Rankenberg T, van Veen H, Sedaghatmehr M, Liao CY, Devaiah MB, Stouten EA, Balazadeh S, Sasidharan R. Differential leaf flooding resilience in Arabidopsis thaliana is controlled by ethylene signaling-activated and age-dependent phosphorylation of ORESARA1. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024:100848. [PMID: 38379284 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The phytohormone ethylene is a major regulator of plant adaptive responses to flooding. In flooded plant tissues, ethylene quickly increases to high concentrations owing to its low solubility and diffusion rates in water. Ethylene accumulation in submerged plant tissues makes it a reliable cue for triggering flood acclimation responses, including metabolic adjustments to cope with flood-induced hypoxia. However, persistent ethylene accumulation also accelerates leaf senescence. Stress-induced senescence hampers photosynthetic capacity and stress recovery. In submerged Arabidopsis, senescence follows a strict age-dependent pattern starting with the older leaves. Although mechanisms underlying ethylene-mediated senescence have been uncovered, it is unclear how submerged plants avoid indiscriminate breakdown of leaves despite high systemic ethylene accumulation. We demonstrate that although submergence triggers leaf-age-independent activation of ethylene signaling via EIN3 in Arabidopsis, senescence is initiated only in old leaves. EIN3 stabilization also leads to overall transcript and protein accumulation of the senescence-promoting transcription factor ORESARA1 (ORE1) in both old and young leaves during submergence. However, leaf-age-dependent senescence can be explained by ORE1 protein activation via phosphorylation specifically in old leaves, independent of the previously identified age-dependent control of ORE1 via miR164. A systematic analysis of the roles of the major flooding stress cues and signaling pathways shows that only the combination of ethylene and darkness is sufficient to mimic submergence-induced senescence involving ORE1 accumulation and phosphorylation. Hypoxia, most often associated with flooding stress in plants, appears to have no role in these processes. Our results reveal a mechanism by which plants regulate the speed and pattern of senescence during environmental stresses such as flooding. Age-dependent ORE1 activity ensures that older, expendable leaves are dismantled first, thus prolonging the life of younger leaves and meristematic tissues that are vital to whole-plant survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Rankenberg
- Plant Stress Resilience, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans van Veen
- Plant Stress Resilience, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands; Evolutionary Plant-Ecophysiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary LIfe Sciences, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mastoureh Sedaghatmehr
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Che-Yang Liao
- Experimental and Computational Plant Development, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Muthanna Biddanda Devaiah
- Experimental and Computational Plant Development, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Evelien A Stouten
- Plant Stress Resilience, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Rashmi Sasidharan
- Plant Stress Resilience, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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3
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Feng L, Li Q, Zhou D, Jia M, Liu Z, Hou Z, Ren Q, Ji S, Sang S, Lu S, Yu J. B. subtilis CNBG-PGPR-1 induces methionine to regulate ethylene pathway and ROS scavenging for improving salt tolerance of tomato. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:193-211. [PMID: 37812678 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity severely threatens plant growth and crop yields. The utilization of PGPR is an effective strategy for enhancing plant salt tolerance, but the mechanisms involved in this process have rarely been reported. In this study, we investigated the effects of Bacillus subtilis CNBG-PGPR-1 on improving plant salt tolerance and elucidated the molecular pathways involved. The results showed that CNBG-PGPR-1 significantly improved the cellular homeostasis and photosynthetic efficiency of leaves and reduced ion toxicity and osmotic stress caused by salt in tomato. Transcriptome analysis uncovered that CNBG-PGPR-1 enhanced plant salt tolerance through the activation of complex molecular pathways, with plant hormone signal transduction playing an important role. Comparative analysis and pharmacological experiments confirmed that the ethylene pathway was closely related to the beneficial effect of CNBG-PGPR-1 on improving plant salt tolerance. Furthermore, we found that methionine, a precursor of ethylene synthesis, significantly accumulated in response to CNBG-PGPR-1 in tomato. Exogenous L-methionine largely mimicked the beneficial effects of CNBG-PGPR-1 and activated the expression of ethylene pathway-related genes, indicating CNBG-PGPR-1 induces methionine accumulation to regulate the ethylene pathway in tomato. Finally, CNBG-PGPR-1 reduced salt-induced ROS by activating ROS scavenger-encoding genes, mainly involved in GSH metabolism and POD-related genes, which were also closely linked to methionine metabolism. Overall, our studies demonstrate that CNBG-PGPR-1-induced methionine is a key regulator in enhancing plant salt tolerance through the ethylene pathway and ROS scavenging, providing a novel understanding of the mechanism by which beneficial microbes improve plant salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuchun Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, China
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Qi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Dongqin Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Mingyun Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Zhaoqi Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Quanjin Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Shengdong Ji
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Shifei Sang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Shipeng Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jinping Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, China
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4
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Liang K, Chen X, Liu F. Crosstalk between ABA and ethylene in regulating stomatal behavior in tomato under high CO2 and progressive soil drying. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5931-5946. [PMID: 37540146 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations accompanied by intensifying drought markedly impact plant growth and physiology. This study aimed to explore the role of abscisic acid (ABA) in mediating the response of stomata to elevated CO2 (e[CO2]) and drought. Tomato plants with different endogenous ABA concentrations [Ailsa Craig (AC), the ABA-deficient mutant flacca, and ABA-overproducing transgenic tomato SP5] were grown in ambient (a[CO2], 400 μmol mol-1) and elevated (e[CO2],800 μmol mol-1) CO2 environments and subjected to progressive soil drying. Compared with a[CO2] plants, e[CO2] plants had significantly lower stomatal conductance in AC and SP5 but not in flacca. Under drought, e[CO2] plants had better water status and higher water use efficiency. e[CO2] promoted the accumulation of ABA in leaves of plants subjected to drought, which coincided with the up-regulation of ABA biosynthetic genes and down-regulation of ABA metabolic genes. Although the increase of ABA induced by drought in flacca was much less than in AC and SP5, flacca accumulated large amounts of ethylene, suggesting that in plants with ABA deficiency, ethylene might play a compensatory role in inducing stomatal closure during soil drying. Collectively, these findings improve our understanding of plant performance in a future drier and higher-CO2 environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehao Liang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Alle 13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Xuefei Chen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Alle 13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Fulai Liu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Alle 13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
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5
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Kupper P, Tullus A, Rohula-Okunev G. Night-time water relations and gas exchange in cut shoots of five boreal dwarf shrub species: impact of soil water availability. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1193-1203. [PMID: 37829697 PMCID: PMC10564692 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent findings suggest that drought may affect plants' daytime and night-time stomatal regulation differently. However, knowledge of night-time stomatal behaviour in dwarf shrubs growing in boreal ecosystems is lacking. We sampled cut shoots from dwarf shrub species to elucidate their capacity to transpire at night and the effect of drought on stomatal regulation. The shoots' water relations and gas exchange were measured under controlled conditions in a growth chamber. The studied species demonstrated considerable differences in their diurnal water use. The night-time water use percentage of daytime water use (NWU) reached up to 90% in Andromeda polifolia and Vaccinium uliginosum. In Rhododendron tomentosum, Vaccinium myrtillus and Chamaedaphne calyculata, the NWU was 62, 27 and 26%, respectively. The shoots of C. calyculata showed a significant increase (P < 0.001) in the transpiration rate (E) during the night. However, in R. tomentosum, a decrease (P < 0.05) in nightly E was observed. The shoot conductance (g) at the end of the night was lower than daytime g in all studied species, but the difference was not significant for V. uliginosum. Across the species, NWU was negatively related (P < 0.001) to the soil volumetric water content (SWC) in the plant habitat. However, daytime E and g were positively related (P < 0.05) to the habitat SWC. Only in V. myrtillus was night-time E higher (P < 0.05) in dry conditions than in wet conditions. Our results demonstrate high variability in diurnal water relations in dwarf shrubs, which can keep stomata open in the dark even when drought limits daytime g and E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priit Kupper
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Liivi 2, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Arvo Tullus
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Liivi 2, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Gristin Rohula-Okunev
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Liivi 2, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
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6
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Antonietta M, de Felipe M, Rothwell SA, Williams TB, Skilleter P, Albacete A, Borras L, Rufino MC, Dodd IC. Prolonged low temperature exposure de-sensitises ABA-induced stomatal closure in soybean, involving an ethylene-dependent process. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:2128-2141. [PMID: 37066607 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chilling can decrease stomatal sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA) in some legumes, although hormonal mechanisms involved are unclear. After evaluating leaf gas exchange of 16 European soybean genotypes at 14°C, 6 genotypes representing the range of response were selected. Further experiments combined low (L, 14°C) and high (H, 24°C) temperature exposure from sowing until the unifoliate leaf was visible and L or H temperature until full leaf expansion, to impose four temperature treatments: LL, LH, HL, and HH. Prolonged chilling (LL) substantially decreased leaf water content but increased leaf ethylene evolution and foliar concentrations of the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, ABA and jasmonic acid. Across genotypes, photosynthesis linearly increased with stomatal conductance (Gs), with photosynthesis of HH plants threefold higher than LL plants at the same Gs. In all treatments except LL, Gs declined with foliar ABA accumulation. Foliar ABA sprays substantially decreased Gs of HH plants, but did not significantly affect LL plants. Thus low temperature compromised stomatal sensitivity to endogenous and exogenous ABA. Applying the ethylene antagonist 1 methyl-cyclopropene partially reverted excessive stomatal opening of LL plants. Thus, chilling-induced ethylene accumulation may mediate stomatal insensitivity to ABA, offering chemical opportunities for improving seedling survival in cold environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matias de Felipe
- IICAR, Universidad Nacional de Rosario-CONICET, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Shane A Rothwell
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Tom B Williams
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - Alfonso Albacete
- Department of Plant Nutrition, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Lucas Borras
- IICAR, Universidad Nacional de Rosario-CONICET, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Mariana C Rufino
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Ian C Dodd
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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Bi MH, Jiang C, Brodribb T, Yang YJ, Yao GQ, Jiang H, Fang XW. Ethylene constrains stomatal reopening in Fraxinus chinensis post moderate drought. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:883-892. [PMID: 36547259 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Clarifying the mechanisms underlying the recovery of gas exchange following drought is the key to providing insights into plant drought adaptation and habitat distribution. However, the mechanisms are still largely unknown. Targeting processes known to inhibit gas exchange during drought recovery, we measured leaf water potential, the leaf hydraulic conductance, stomatal reopening, abscisic acid (ABA) and the ethylene emission rate (EER) following moderate drought stress in seedlings of the globally pervasive woody tree Fraxinus chinensis. We found strong evidence that the slow stomatal reopening after rehydration is regulated by a slow decrease in EER, rather than changes in leaf hydraulics or foliar ABA levels. This was supported by evidence of rapid gas exchange recovery in plants after treatment with the ethylene antagonist 1-methylcyclopropene. These findings provide evidence to rigorously support ethylene as a key factor constraining stomatal reopening from moderate drought directly, thereby potentially opening new windows for understanding species drought adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hui Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Timothy Brodribb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Yu-Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guang-Qian Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiang-Wen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Azoulay-Shemer T, Schulze S, Nissan-Roda D, Bosmans K, Shapira O, Weckwerth P, Zamora O, Yarmolinsky D, Trainin T, Kollist H, Huffaker A, Rappel WJ, Schroeder JI. A role for ethylene signaling and biosynthesis in regulating and accelerating CO 2 - and abscisic acid-mediated stomatal movements in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:2460-2475. [PMID: 36994603 PMCID: PMC10259821 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about long-distance mesophyll-driven signals that regulate stomatal conductance. Soluble and/or vapor-phase molecules have been proposed. In this study, the involvement of the gaseous signal ethylene in the modulation of stomatal conductance in Arabidopsis thaliana by CO2 /abscisic acid (ABA) was examined. We present a diffusion model which indicates that gaseous signaling molecule/s with a shorter/direct diffusion pathway to guard cells are more probable for rapid mesophyll-dependent stomatal conductance changes. We, therefore, analyzed different Arabidopsis ethylene-signaling and biosynthesis mutants for their ethylene production and kinetics of stomatal responses to ABA/[CO2 ]-shifts. According to our research, higher [CO2 ] causes Arabidopsis rosettes to produce more ethylene. An ACC-synthase octuple mutant with reduced ethylene biosynthesis exhibits dysfunctional CO2 -induced stomatal movements. Ethylene-insensitive receptor (gain-of-function), etr1-1 and etr2-1, and signaling, ein2-5 and ein2-1, mutants showed intact stomatal responses to [CO2 ]-shifts, whereas loss-of-function ethylene receptor mutants, including etr2-3;ein4-4;ers2-3, etr1-6;etr2-3 and etr1-6, showed markedly accelerated stomatal responses to [CO2 ]-shifts. Further investigation revealed a significantly impaired stomatal closure to ABA in the ACC-synthase octuple mutant and accelerated stomatal responses in the etr1-6;etr2-3, and etr1-6, but not in the etr2-3;ein4-4;ers2-3 mutants. These findings suggest essential functions of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling components in tuning/accelerating stomatal conductance responses to CO2 and ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Azoulay-Shemer
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
- Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel
| | - Sebastian Schulze
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Dikla Nissan-Roda
- Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel
| | - Krystal Bosmans
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Or Shapira
- Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel
| | - Philipp Weckwerth
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Olena Zamora
- Plant Signal Research Group, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Dmitry Yarmolinsky
- Plant Signal Research Group, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Taly Trainin
- Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel
| | - Hannes Kollist
- Plant Signal Research Group, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Alisa Huffaker
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Wouter-Jan Rappel
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Julian I. Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
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9
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Padilla YG, Gisbert-Mullor R, López-Galarza S, Albacete A, Martínez-Melgarejo PA, Calatayud Á. Short-term water stress responses of grafted pepper plants are associated with changes in the hormonal balance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1170021. [PMID: 37180400 PMCID: PMC10167040 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1170021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones play an important role in regulating the plant behavior to drought. In previous studies, NIBER® pepper rootstock showed tolerance to drought in terms of production and fruit quality compared to ungrafted plants. In this study, our hypothesis was that short-term exposure to water stress in young, grafted pepper plants would shed light on tolerance to drought in terms of modulation of the hormonal balance. To validate this hypothesis, fresh weight, water use efficiency (WUE) and the main hormone classes were analyzed in self-grafted pepper plants (variety onto variety, V/V) and variety grafted onto NIBER® (V/N) at 4, 24, and 48h after severe water stress was induced by PEG addition. After 48h, WUE in V/N was higher than in V/V, due to major stomata closure to maintain water retention in the leaves. This can be explained by the higher abscisic acid (ABA) levels observed in the leaves of V/N plants. Despite the interaction between ABA and the ethylene precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), in relation to stomata closure is controversial, we observed an important increase of ACC at the end of the experiment in V/N plants coinciding with an important rise of the WUE and ABA. The maximum concentration of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid after 48h was found in the leaves of V/N, associated with their role in abiotic stress signaling and tolerance. Respect to auxins and cytokinins, the highest concentrations were linked to water stress and NIBER®, but this effect did not occur for gibberellins. These results show that hormone balance was affected by water stress and rootstock genotype, where NIBER® rootstock displayed a better ability to overcome short-term water stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaiza Gara Padilla
- Departamento de Horticultura, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramón Gisbert-Mullor
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Centro Valenciano de Estudios sobre el Riego (CVER), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador López-Galarza
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Centro Valenciano de Estudios sobre el Riego (CVER), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alfonso Albacete
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, Spain
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Research and Development of Murcia (IMIDA), Department of Plant Production and Agrotechnology, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Ángeles Calatayud
- Departamento de Horticultura, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
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10
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Abdalla M, Schweiger AH, Berauer BJ, McAdam SAM, Ahmed MA. Constant hydraulic supply and ABA dynamics facilitate the trade-offs in water and carbon. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1140938. [PMID: 37008480 PMCID: PMC10064056 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1140938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-water trade-offs in plants are adjusted through stomatal regulation. Stomatal opening enables carbon uptake and plant growth, whereas plants circumvent drought by closing stomata. The specific effects of leaf position and age on stomatal behavior remain largely unknown, especially under edaphic and atmospheric drought. Here, we compared stomatal conductance (gs ) across the canopy of tomato during soil drying. We measured gas exchange, foliage ABA level and soil-plant hydraulics under increasing vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Our results indicate a strong effect of canopy position on stomatal behavior, especially under hydrated soil conditions and relatively low VPD. In wet soil (soil water potential > -50 kPa), upper canopy leaves had the highest gs (0.727 ± 0.154 mol m-2 s-1) and assimilation rate (A; 23.4 ± 3.9 µmol m-2 s-1) compared to the leaves at a medium height of the canopy (gs : 0.159 ± 0.060 mol m2 s-1; A: 15.9 ± 3.8 µmol m-2 s-1). Under increasing VPD (from 1.8 to 2.6 kPa), gs , A and transpiration were initially impacted by leaf position rather than leaf age. However, under high VPD (2.6 kPa), age effect outweighed position effect. The soil-leaf hydraulic conductance was similar in all leaves. Foliage ABA levels increased with rising VPD in mature leaves at medium height (217.56 ± 85 ng g-1 FW) compared to upper canopy leaves (85.36 ± 34 ng g-1 FW). Under soil drought (< -50 kPa), stomata closed in all leaves resulting in no differences in gs across the canopy. We conclude that constant hydraulic supply and ABA dynamics facilitate preferential stomatal behavior and carbon-water trade-offs across the canopy. These findings are fundamental in understanding variations within the canopy, which helps in engineering future crops, especially in the face of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanned Abdalla
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Chair of Soil Physics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, Sudan
- Chair of Soil-Root Interactions, TUM School of Life Science, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Andreas H. Schweiger
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, Department of Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bernd J. Berauer
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, Department of Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Scott A. M. McAdam
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Mutez Ali Ahmed
- Chair of Soil Physics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Chair of Soil-Root Interactions, TUM School of Life Science, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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11
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De Palma M, Scotti R, D’Agostino N, Zaccardelli M, Tucci M. Phyto-Friendly Soil Bacteria and Fungi Provide Beneficial Outcomes in the Host Plant by Differently Modulating Its Responses through (In)Direct Mechanisms. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2672. [PMID: 36297696 PMCID: PMC9612229 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable agricultural systems based on the application of phyto-friendly bacteria and fungi are increasingly needed to preserve soil fertility and microbial biodiversity, as well as to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Although there is considerable attention on the potential applications of microbial consortia as biofertilizers and biocontrol agents for crop management, knowledge on the molecular responses modulated in host plants because of these beneficial associations is still incomplete. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the different mechanisms of action triggered by plant-growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) to promote host-plant growth and improve its defense system. In addition, we combined available gene-expression profiling data from tomato roots sampled in the early stages of interaction with Pseudomonas or Trichoderma strains to develop an integrated model that describes the common processes activated by both PGPMs and highlights the host's different responses to the two microorganisms. All the information gathered will help define new strategies for the selection of crop varieties with a better ability to benefit from the elicitation of microbial inoculants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica De Palma
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Research Division Portici, National Research Council, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Riccardo Scotti
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Via Cavalleggeri 25, 84098 Pontecagnano Faiano (SA), Italy
| | - Nunzio D’Agostino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Massimo Zaccardelli
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Via Cavalleggeri 25, 84098 Pontecagnano Faiano (SA), Italy
| | - Marina Tucci
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Research Division Portici, National Research Council, 80055 Portici, Italy
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12
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Kumar S, Shah SH, Vimala Y, Jatav HS, Ahmad P, Chen Y, Siddique KHM. Abscisic acid: Metabolism, transport, crosstalk with other plant growth regulators, and its role in heavy metal stress mitigation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:972856. [PMID: 36186053 PMCID: PMC9515544 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.972856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) stress is threatening agricultural crops, ecological systems, and human health worldwide. HM toxicity adversely affects plant growth, physiological processes, and crop productivity by disturbing cellular ionic balance, metabolic balance, cell membrane integrity, and protein and enzyme activities. Plants under HM stress intrinsically develop mechanisms to counter the adversities of HM but not prevent them. However, the exogenous application of abscisic acid (ABA) is a strategy for boosting the tolerance capacity of plants against HM toxicity by improving osmolyte accumulation and antioxidant machinery. ABA is an essential plant growth regulator that modulates various plant growth and metabolic processes, including seed development and germination, vegetative growth, stomatal regulation, flowering, and leaf senescence under diverse environmental conditions. This review summarizes ABA biosynthesis, signaling, transport, and catabolism in plant tissues and the adverse effects of HM stress on crop plants. Moreover, we describe the role of ABA in mitigating HM stress and elucidating the interplay of ABA with other plant growth regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Plant Physiology and Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Botany, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
| | - Sajad Hussain Shah
- Plant Physiology and Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Botany, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
| | - Yerramilli Vimala
- Plant Physiology and Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Botany, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
| | - Hanuman Singh Jatav
- Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University Jobner, Jaipur, India
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC Pulwama, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Yinglong Chen
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture and School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Kadambot H. M. Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture and School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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13
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Pujara DS, Kim SI, Nam JC, Mayorga J, Elmore I, Kumar M, Koiwa H, Kang HG. Imaging-Based Resistance Assay Using Enhanced Luminescence-Tagged Pseudomonas syringae Reveals a Complex Epigenetic Network in Plant Defense Signaling Pathways. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2021; 34:990-1000. [PMID: 34010013 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-12-20-0351-ta] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput resistance assays in plants have a limited selection of suitable pathogens. In this study, we developed a Pseudomonas syringae strain chromosomally tagged with the Nanoluc luciferase (NL) from the deep-sea shrimp Oplophorus gracilirostris, a bioluminescent marker significantly brighter than the conventional firefly luciferase. Our reporter strain tagged with NL was more than 100 times brighter than P. syringae tagged with the luxCDABE operon from Photorhabdus luminescens, one of the existing luciferase-based strains. In planta imaging was improved by using the surfactant Silwet L-77, particularly at a lower reporter concentration. Using this imaging system, more than 30 epigenetic mutants were analyzed for their resistance traits because the defense signaling pathway is known to be epigenetically regulated. SWC1, a defense-related chromatin remodeling complex, was found to be a positive defense regulator, which supported one of two earlier conflicting reports. Compromises in DNA methylation in the CG context led to enhanced resistance against virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Dicer-like and Argonaute proteins, important in the biogenesis and exerting the effector function of small RNAs, respectively, showed modest but distinct requirements for effector-triggered immunity and basal resistance to P. syringae pv. tomato. In addition, the transcriptional expression of an epigenetic component was found to be a significant predictor of its immunity contribution. In summary, this study showcased how a high-throughput resistance assay enabled by a pathogen strain with an improved luminescent reporter could provide insightful knowledge about complex defense signaling pathways.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh S Pujara
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, U.S.A
| | - Sung-Il Kim
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, U.S.A
| | - Ji Chul Nam
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, U.S.A
| | - José Mayorga
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, U.S.A
| | | | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, U.S.A
| | - Hisashi Koiwa
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, TX 77843, U.S.A
| | - Hong-Gu Kang
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, U.S.A
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14
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Ranawana SRWMCJK, Siddique KHM, Palta JA, Stefanova K, Bramley H. Stomata coordinate with plant hydraulics to regulate transpiration response to vapour pressure deficit in wheat. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 48:839-850. [PMID: 33934747 DOI: 10.1071/fp20392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Genotypic variation in transpiration (Tr) response to vapour pressure deficit (VPD) has been studied in many crop species. There is debate over whether shoots or roots drive these responses. We investigated how stomata coordinate with plant hydraulics to mediate Tr response to VPD and influence leaf water status in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). We measured Tr and stomatal conductance (gs) responses to VPD in well-watered, water-stressed and de-rooted shoots of eight wheat genotypes. Tr response to VPD was related to stomatal sensitivity to VPD and proportional to gs at low VPD, except in the water-stressed treatment, which induced strong stomatal closure at all VPD levels. Moreover, gs response to VPD was driven by adaxial stomata. A simple linear Tr response to VPD was associated with unresponsive gs to VPD. In contrast, segmented linear Tr to VPD response was mostly a function of gs with the breakpoint depending on the capacity to meet transpirational demand and set by the shoots. However, the magnitude of Tr response to VPD was influenced by roots, soil water content and stomatal sensitivity to VPD. These findings, along with a theoretical model suggest that stomata coordinate with plant hydraulics to regulate Tr response to VPD in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R W M C J K Ranawana
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; and Department of Export Agriculture, Faculty of Animal Science and Export Agriculture, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla 90000, Sri Lanka; and Corresponding author.
| | - K H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| | - J A Palta
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; and CSIRO Agriculture, Private Bag No. 5, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia
| | - K Stefanova
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| | - H Bramley
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; and Plant Breeding Institute, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Narrabri, NSW 2390, Australia
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15
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Rankenberg T, Geldhof B, van Veen H, Holsteens K, Van de Poel B, Sasidharan R. Age-Dependent Abiotic Stress Resilience in Plants. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:692-705. [PMID: 33509699 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Developmental age is a strong determinant of stress responses in plants. Differential susceptibility to various environmental stresses is widely observed at both the organ and whole-plant level. While it is clear that age determines stress susceptibility, the causes, regulatory mechanisms, and functions are only now beginning to emerge. Compared with concepts on age-related biotic stress resilience, advancements in the abiotic stress field are relatively limited. In this review, we focus on current knowledge of ontogenic resistance to abiotic stresses, highlighting examples at the organ (leaf) and plant level, preceded by an overview of the relevant concepts in plant aging. We also discuss age-related abiotic stress resilience mechanisms, speculate on their functional relevance, and outline outstanding questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Rankenberg
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Batist Geldhof
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, University of Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans van Veen
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kristof Holsteens
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, University of Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Van de Poel
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, University of Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Rashmi Sasidharan
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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16
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Yao GQ, Li FP, Nie ZF, Bi MH, Jiang H, Liu XD, Wei Y, Fang XW. Ethylene, not ABA, is closely linked to the recovery of gas exchange after drought in four Caragana species. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:399-411. [PMID: 33131059 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a cyclical phenomenon in natural environments. During dehydration, stomatal closure is mainly regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) dynamics that limit transpiration in seed plants, but following rehydration, the mechanism of gas exchange recovery is still not clear. In this study, leaf water potential (ψleaf ), stomatal conductance (gs ), leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf ), foliar ABA level, ethylene emission rate in response to dehydration and rehydration were investigated in four Caragana species with isohydric (Caragana spinosa and C. pruinosa) and anisohydric (C. intermedia and C. microphylla) traits. Two isohydric species with ABA-induced stomatal closure exhibited more sensitive gs and Kleaf to decreasing ψleaf than two anisohydric species which exhibited a switch from ABA to water potential-driven stomatal closure during dehydration. Following rehydration, the recovery of gas exchange was not associated with a decrease in ABA level but was strongly limited by the degradation of the ethylene emission rate in all species. Furthermore, two anisohydric species with low drought-induced ethylene production exhibited more rapid recovery in gas exchange upon rehydration. Our results indicated that ethylene is a key factor regulating the drought-recovery ability in terms of gas exchange, which may shape species adaptation to drought and potential species distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Qian Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Feng-Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Fei Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Min-Hui Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xu-Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Wen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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17
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Wang HQ, Sun LP, Wang LX, Fang XW, Li ZQ, Zhang FF, Hu X, Qi C, He JM. Ethylene mediates salicylic-acid-induced stomatal closure by controlling reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide production in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 294:110464. [PMID: 32234220 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Both salicylic acid (SA) and ethylene induce stomatal closure and positively regulate stomatal immunity, but their interactions in guard cell signaling are unclear. Here, we observed that SA induced the expression of ethylene biosynthetic genes; the production of ethylene, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO); and stomatal closure in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, SA-induced stomatal closure was inhibited by an ethylene biosynthetic inhibitor and mutations in ethylene biosynthetic genes, ethylene-signaling genes [RESPONSE TO ANTAGONIST 1 (RAN1), ETHYLENE RESPONSE 1 (ETR1), ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 2 (EIN2), EIN3 and ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR 2 (ARR2)], NADPH oxidase genes [ATRBOHD and ATRBOHF], and nitrate reductase genes (NIA1 and NIA2). Furthermore, SA-triggered ROS production in guard cells was impaired in ran1, etr1, AtrbohD and AtrbohF, but not in ein2, ein3 or arr2. SA-triggered NO production was impaired in all ethylene-signaling mutants tested and in nia1 and nia2. The stomata of mutants for CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE1 (CTR1) showed constitutive ROS and NO production and closure. These results indicate that ethylene mediates SA-induced stomatal closure by activating ATRBOHD/F-mediated ROS synthesis in an RAN1-, ETR1- and CTR1-dependent manner. This in turn induces NIA1/2-mediated NO production and subsequent stomatal closure via the ETR1, EIN2, EIN3 and ARR2-dependent pathway(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Li-Ping Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Li-Xiao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Zhong-Qi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Fang-Fang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xin Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Cheng Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Jun-Min He
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
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18
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Kerchev P, van der Meer T, Sujeeth N, Verlee A, Stevens CV, Van Breusegem F, Gechev T. Molecular priming as an approach to induce tolerance against abiotic and oxidative stresses in crop plants. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 40:107503. [PMID: 31901371 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, extreme temperature, and pollutants, are the main cause of crop losses worldwide. Novel climate-adapted crops and stress tolerance-enhancing compounds are increasingly needed to counteract the negative effects of unfavorable stressful environments. A number of natural products and synthetic chemicals can protect model and crop plants against abiotic stresses through induction of molecular and physiological defense mechanisms, a process known as molecular priming. In addition to their stress-protective effect, some of these compounds can also stimulate plant growth. Here, we provide an overview of the known physiological and molecular mechanisms that induce molecular priming, together with a survey of the approaches aimed to discover and functionally study new stress-alleviating chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Kerchev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Phytophthora Research Centre, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tom van der Meer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Centre for Plant Systems Biology,VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Arno Verlee
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian V Stevens
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Centre for Plant Systems Biology,VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tsanko Gechev
- Department of Molecular Stress Physiology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria; Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria.
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19
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Hoshika Y, De Carlo A, Baraldi R, Neri L, Carrari E, Agathokleous E, Zhang L, Fares S, Paoletti E. Ozone-induced impairment of night-time stomatal closure in O 3-sensitive poplar clone is affected by nitrogen but not by phosphorus enrichment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 692:713-722. [PMID: 31539979 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nocturnal transpiration may be a key factor influencing water use in plants. Tropospheric ozone (O3) and availability of nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the soil can affect daytime water use through stomata, but the combined effects of O3, N and P on night-time stomatal conductance (gs) are not known. We investigated the effects of O3 and soil availability of N and P on nocturnal gs and the dynamics of stomatal response after leaf severing in an O3-sensitive poplar clone (Oxford) subjected to combined treatments over a growing season in an O3 free air controlled exposure (FACE) facility. The treatments were two soil N levels (0 and 80 kg N ha-1; N0 and N80), three soil P levels (0, 40 and 80 kg P ha-1; P0, P40 and P80) and three O3 levels (ambient concentration, AA [35.0 ppb as hourly mean]; 1.5 × AA; 2.0 × AA). The analysis of stomatal dynamics after leaf severing suggested that O3 impaired stomatal closure execution. As a result, nocturnal gs was increased by 2.0 × AA O3 in August (+39%) and September (+108%). Night-time gs was correlated with POD0 (phytotoxic O3 dose) and increased exponentially after 40 mmol m-2 POD0. Such increase of nocturnal gs was attributed to the emission of ethylene due to 2.0 × AA O3 exposure, while foliar abscisic acid (ABA) or indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) did not affect gs at night. Interestingly, the O3-induced stomatal opening at night was limited by N treatments in August, but not limited in September. Phosphorus decreased nocturnal gs, although P did not modify the O3-induced stomatal dysfunction. The results suggest that the increased nocturnal gs may be associated with a need to improve N acquisition to cope with O3 stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomo Hoshika
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Anna De Carlo
- Istituto di Bioeconomia (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Rita Baraldi
- Istituto di Bioeconomia (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luisa Neri
- Istituto di Bioeconomia (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Carrari
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road 600, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - Silvano Fares
- Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Roma, Italy
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Munemasa S, Hirao Y, Tanami K, Mimata Y, Nakamura Y, Murata Y. Ethylene Inhibits Methyl Jasmonate-Induced Stomatal Closure by Modulating Guard Cell Slow-Type Anion Channel Activity via the OPEN STOMATA 1/SnRK2.6 Kinase-Independent Pathway in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2263-2271. [PMID: 31241163 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Signal crosstalk between jasmonate and ethylene is crucial for a proper maintenance of defense responses and development. Although previous studies reported that both jasmonate and ethylene also function as modulators of stomatal movements, the signal crosstalk mechanism in stomatal guard cells remains unclear. Here, we show that the ethylene signaling inhibits jasmonate signaling as well as abscisic acid (ABA) signaling in guard cells of Arabidopsis thaliana and reveal the signaling crosstalk mechanism. Both an ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and an ethylene-releasing compound ethephon induced transient stomatal closure, and also inhibited methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-induced stomatal closure as well as ABA-induced stomatal closure. The ethylene inhibition of MeJA-induced stomatal closure was abolished in the ethylene-insensitive mutant etr1-1, whereas MeJA-induced stomatal closure was impaired in the ethylene-overproducing mutant eto1-1. Pretreatment with ACC inhibited MeJA-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as well as ABA-induced ROS production in guard cells but did not suppress ABA activation of OPEN STOMATA 1 (OST1) kinase in guard cell-enriched epidermal peels. The whole-cell patch-clamp analysis revealed that ACC attenuated MeJA and ABA activation of S-type anion channels in guard cell protoplasts. However, MeJA and ABA inhibitions of Kin channels were not affected by ACC pretreatment. These results suggest that ethylene signaling inhibits MeJA signaling and ABA signaling by targeting S-type anion channels and ROS but not OST1 kinase and K+ channels in Arabidopsis guard cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Munemasa
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yukari Hirao
- Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kasumi Tanami
- Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Mimata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Murata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, Japan
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Jauregui I, Rothwell SA, Taylor SH, Parry MAJ, Carmo-Silva E, Dodd IC. Whole plant chamber to examine sensitivity of cereal gas exchange to changes in evaporative demand. PLANT METHODS 2018; 14:97. [PMID: 30410567 PMCID: PMC6211548 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-018-0357-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving plant water use efficiency (WUE) is a major target for improving crop yield resilience to adverse climate change. Identifying genetic variation in WUE usually relies on instantaneous measurements of photosynthesis (An) and transpiration (Tr), or integrative measurements of carbon isotope discrimination, at the leaf level. However, leaf gas exchange measurements alone do not adequately represent whole plant responses, especially if evaporative demand around the plant changes. RESULTS Here we describe a whole plant gas exchange system that can rapidly alter evaporative demand when measuring An, Tr and intrinsic WUE (iWUE) and identify genetic variation in this response. An was not limited by VPD under steady-state conditions but some wheat cultivars restricted Tr under high evaporative demand, thereby improving iWUE. These changes may be ABA-dependent, since the barley ABA-deficient mutant (Az34) failed to restrict Tr under high evaporative demand. Despite higher Tr, Az34 showed lower An than wild-type (WT) barley because of limitations in Rubisco carboxylation activity. Tr and An of Az34 were more sensitive than WT barley to exogenous spraying with ABA, which restricted photosynthesis via substrate limitation and decreasing Rubisco activation. CONCLUSIONS Examining whole plant gas exchange responses to altered VPD can identify genetic variation in whole plant iWUE, and facilitate an understanding of the underlying mechanism(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Jauregui
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ UK
- Present Address: Plant Genetics, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, 5030 Belgium
| | - Shane A. Rothwell
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ UK
| | - Samuel H. Taylor
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ UK
| | - Martin A. J. Parry
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ UK
| | | | - Ian C. Dodd
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ UK
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22
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González-Villagra J, Rodrigues-Salvador A, Nunes-Nesi A, Cohen JD, Reyes-Díaz MM. Age-related mechanism and its relationship with secondary metabolism and abscisic acid in Aristotelia chilensis plants subjected to drought stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 124:136-145. [PMID: 29360623 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is the most important stress factor for plants, being the main cause of agricultural crop loss in the world. Plants have developed complex mechanisms for preventing water loss and oxidative stress such as synthesis of abscisic acid (ABA) and non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds such as anthocyanins, which might help plants to cope with abiotic stress as antioxidants and for scavenging reactive oxygen species. A. chilensis (Mol.) is a pioneer species, colonizing and growing on stressed and disturbed environments. In this research, an integrated analysis of secondary metabolism in Aristotelia chilensis was done to relate ABA effects on anthocyanins biosynthesis, by comparing between young and fully-expanded leaves under drought stress. Plants were subjected to drought stress for 20 days, and physiological, biochemical, and molecular analyses were performed. The relative growth rate and plant water status were reduced in stressed plants, with young leaves significantly more affected than fully-expanded leaves beginning from the 5th day of drought stress. A. chilensis plants increased their ABA and total anthocyanin content and showed upregulation of gene expression when they were subjected to severe drought (day 20), with these effects being higher in fully-expanded leaves. Multivariate analysis indicated a significant positive correlation between transcript levels for NCED1 (9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase) and UFGT (UDP glucose: flavonoid-3-O-glucosyltransferase) with ABA and total anthocyanin, respectively. Thus, this research provides a more comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms that allow plants to cope with drought stress. This is highlighted by the differences between young and fully-expanded leaves, showing different sensibility to stress due to their ability to synthesize anthocyanins. In addition, this ability to synthesize different and high amounts of anthocyanins could be related to higher NCED1 and MYB expression and ABA levels, enhancing drought stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge González-Villagra
- Doctoral Program in Science of Natural Resources, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Acácio Rodrigues-Salvador
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jerry D Cohen
- Department of Horticultural Science and Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Marjorie M Reyes-Díaz
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile; Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
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23
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Saleem AR, Brunetti C, Khalid A, Della Rocca G, Raio A, Emiliani G, De Carlo A, Mahmood T, Centritto M. Drought response of Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. inoculated with ACC deaminase and IAA producing rhizobacteria. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191218. [PMID: 29447189 PMCID: PMC5814102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought is one of the major constraints limiting agricultural production worldwide and is expected to increase in the future. Limited water availability causes significant effects to plant growth and physiology. Plants have evolved different traits to mitigate the stress imposed by drought. The presence of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) could play an important role in improving plant performances and productivity under drought. These beneficial microorganisms colonize the rhizosphere of plants and increase drought tolerance by lowering ethylene formation. In the present study, we demonstrate the potential to improve the growth of velvet bean under water deficit conditions of two different strains of PGPR with ACCd (1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate deaminase) activity isolated from rainfed farming system. We compared uninoculated and inoculated plants with PGPR to assess: a) photosynthetic performance and biomass; b) ACC content and ethylene emission from leaves and roots; c) leaf isoprene emission. Our results provided evidence that under drought conditions inoculation with PGPR containing the ACCd enzyme could improve plant growth compared to untreated plants. Ethylene emission from roots and leaves of inoculated velvet bean plants was significantly lower than uninoculated plants. Moreover, isoprene emission increased with drought stress progression and was higher in inoculated plants compared to uninoculated counterparts. These findings clearly illustrate that selected PGPR strains isolated from rainfed areas could be highly effective in promoting plant growth under drought conditions by decreasing ACC and ethylene levels in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aansa Rukya Saleem
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Bahria University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- Tree and Timber Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell'Ambiente, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Azeem Khalid
- Department of Environmental Science, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid and Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Gianni Della Rocca
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Aida Raio
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Giovanni Emiliani
- Tree and Timber Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Anna De Carlo
- Tree and Timber Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mauro Centritto
- Tree and Timber Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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Li X, Wilkinson S, Shen J, Forde BG, Davies WJ. Stomatal and growth responses to hydraulic and chemical changes induced by progressive soil drying. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:5883-5894. [PMID: 29126265 PMCID: PMC5854116 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of physiological responses of crops to drought stress is important for ensuring sustained crop productivity under climate change. Here, we studied the effect on 15-day-old maize (Zea mays L.) plants of a 6 d non-lethal period of soil drying [soil water potential (SWP) decreased from -0.20 MPa to -0.81 MPa]. Root growth was initially stimulated during drying (when SWP decreased from -0.31 MPa to -0.38 MPa, compared with -0.29 MPa in well-watered pots), followed by inhibition during Days 5-6 (SWP from -0.63 MPa to -0.81 MPa). Abscisic acid (ABA) in the root began to accumulate as the root water potential declined during Days 2-3. Leaf elongation was inhibited from Day 4 (SWP less than -0.51 MPa), just after leaf ABA content began to increase, but coinciding with a decline in leaf water potential. The stomatal conductance was restricted earlier in the younger leaf (fourth) (on Day 3) than in the older leaf (third). The ethylene content of leaves and roots decreased during drying, but after the respective increase in ABA contents. This work identified critical timing of hydraulic and chemical changes at the onset of soil drying, which can be important in initiating early stomatal and growth responses to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Li
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, UK
| | | | - Jianbo Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Department of Plant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, China
| | - Brian G Forde
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, UK
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25
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Marino G, Brunetti C, Tattini M, Romano A, Biasioli F, Tognetti R, Loreto F, Ferrini F, Centritto M. Dissecting the role of isoprene and stress-related hormones (ABA and ethylene) in Populus nigra exposed to unequal root zone water stress. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 37:1637-1647. [PMID: 28981861 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene is synthesized through the 2-C-methylerythritol-5-phosphate (MEP) pathway that also produces abscisic acid (ABA). Increases in foliar free ABA concentration during drought induce stomatal closure and may also alter ethylene biosynthesis. We hypothesized a role of isoprene biosynthesis in protecting plants challenged by increasing water deficit, by influencing ABA production and ethylene evolution. We performed a split-root experiment on Populus nigra L. subjected to three water treatments: well-watered (WW) plants with both root sectors kept at pot capacity, plants with both root compartments allowed to dry for 5 days (DD) and plants with one-half of the roots irrigated to pot capacity, while the other half did not receive water (WD). WD and WW plants were similar in photosynthesis, water relations, foliar ABA concentration and isoprene emission, whereas these parameters were significantly affected in DD plants: leaf isoprene emission increased despite the fact that photosynthesis declined by 85% and the ABA-glucoside/free ABA ratio decreased significantly. Enhanced isoprene biosynthesis in water-stressed poplars may have contributed to sustaining leaf ABA biosynthesis by keeping the MEP pathway active. However, this enhancement in ABA was accompanied by no change in ethylene biosynthesis, likely confirming the antagonistic role between ABA and ethylene. These results may indicate a potential cross-talk among isoprene, ABA and ethylene under drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Marino
- Istituto per la Valorizzazione del Legno e delle Specie Arboree, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio, Università degli Studi del Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche (IS), Italy
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- Istituto per la Valorizzazione del Legno e delle Specie Arboree, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Firenze Viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Massimiliano Tattini
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Andrea Romano
- Dipartimento Qualità Alimentare e Nutrizione, Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Franco Biasioli
- Dipartimento Qualità Alimentare e Nutrizione, Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Roberto Tognetti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio, Università degli Studi del Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche (IS), Italy
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Bio-Agroalimentari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazzale Aldo Moro 7, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Firenze Viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Mauro Centritto
- Istituto per la Valorizzazione del Legno e delle Specie Arboree, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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26
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Calvo-Polanco M, Ibort P, Molina S, Ruiz-Lozano JM, Zamarreño AM, García-Mina JM, Aroca R. Ethylene sensitivity and relative air humidity regulate root hydraulic properties in tomato plants. PLANTA 2017; 246:987-997. [PMID: 28735369 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2746-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of ethylene and its precursor ACC on root hydraulic properties, including aquaporin expression and abundance, is modulated by relative air humidity and plant sensitivity to ethylene. Relative air humidity (RH) is a main factor contributing to water balance in plants. Ethylene (ET) is known to be involved in the regulation of root water uptake and stomatal opening although its role on plant water balance under different RH is not very well understood. We studied, at the physiological, hormonal and molecular levels (aquaporins expression, abundance and phosphorylation state), the plant responses to exogenous 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC; precursor of ET) and 2-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB; inhibitor of ET biosynthesis), after 24 h of application to the roots of tomato wild type (WT) plants and its ET-insensitive never ripe (nr) mutant, at two RH levels: regular (50%) and close to saturation RH. Highest RH induced an increase of root hydraulic conductivity (Lpo) of non-treated WT plants, and the opposite effect in nr mutants. The treatment with ACC reduced Lpo in WT plants at low RH and in nr plants at high RH. The application of AIB increased Lpo only in nr plants at high RH. In untreated plants, the RH treatment changed the abundance and phosphorylation of aquaporins that affected differently both genotypes according to their ET sensitivity. We show that RH is critical in regulating root hydraulic properties, and that Lpo is affected by the plant sensitivity to ET, and possibly to ACC, by regulating aquaporins expression and their phosphorylation status. These results incorporate the relationship between RH and ET in the response of Lpo to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Calvo-Polanco
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
- SupAgro/INRA UMR 5004, Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, 2, Place Viala, 34060, Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Pablo Ibort
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Sonia Molina
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Ruiz-Lozano
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Angel María Zamarreño
- Department of Environmental Biology, Agricultural Chemistry and Biology Group-CMI Roullier, Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose María García-Mina
- Department of Environmental Biology, Agricultural Chemistry and Biology Group-CMI Roullier, Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain.
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Li X, Chen L, Forde BG, Davies WJ. The Biphasic Root Growth Response to Abscisic Acid in Arabidopsis Involves Interaction with Ethylene and Auxin Signalling Pathways. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1493. [PMID: 28890725 PMCID: PMC5574904 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) is known to either stimulate or inhibit root growth, depending on its concentration. In this study, the roles of ethylene and auxin in this biphasic effect of ABA on root elongation were investigated using chemical inhibitors and mutants. Inhibitors of ethylene perception and biosynthesis and an auxin influx inhibitor were all found to block the inhibitory effect of high ABA concentrations, but not the stimulatory effect of low ABA concentrations. In addition, three ethylene-insensitive mutants (etr1-1, ein2-1, and ein3-1), two auxin influx mutants (aux1-7, aux1-T) and an auxin-insensitive mutant (iaa7/axr2-1) were all insensitive to the inhibitory effect of high ABA concentrations. In the case of the stimulatory effect of low ABA concentrations, it was blocked by two different auxin efflux inhibitors and was less pronounced in an auxin efflux mutant (pin2/eir1-1) and in the iaa7/axr2-1 auxin-insensitive mutant. Thus it appears that the stimulatory effect seen at low ABA concentrations is via an ethylene-independent pathway requiring auxin signalling and auxin efflux through PIN2/EIR1, while the inhibitory effect at high ABA concentrations is via an ethylene-dependent pathway requiring auxin signalling and auxin influx through AUX1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lin Chen
- *Correspondence: Lin Chen, ; Xiaoqing Li,
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Gharbi E, Martínez JP, Benahmed H, Lepoint G, Vanpee B, Quinet M, Lutts S. Inhibition of ethylene synthesis reduces salt-tolerance in tomato wild relative species Solanum chilense. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 210:24-37. [PMID: 28040626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to salinity induces a burst in ethylene synthesis in the wild tomato halophyte plant species Solanum chilense. In order to gain information on the role of ethylene in salt adaptation, plants of Solanum chilense (accession LA4107) and of cultivated glycophyte Solanum lycopersicum (cv. Ailsa Craig) were cultivated for 7days in nutrient solution containing 0 or 125mM NaCl in the presence or absence of the inhibitor of ethylene synthesis (aminovinylglycine (AVG) 2μM). Salt-induced ethylene synthesis in S. chilense occurred concomitantly with an increase in stomatal conductance, an efficient osmotic adjustment and the maintenance of carbon isotope discrimination value (Δ13C). In contrast, in S. lycopersicum, salt stress decreased stomatal conductance and Δ13C values while osmotic potential remained higher than in S. chilense. Inhibition of stress-induced ethylene synthesis by AVG decreased stomatal conductance and Δ13C in S. chilense and compromised osmotic adjustment. Solanum chilense behaved as an includer and accumulated high amounts of Na in the shoot but remained able to maintain K nutrition in the presence of NaCl. This species however did not stimulate the expression of genes coding for high-affinity K transport but genes coding for ethylene responsive factor ERF5 and JREF1 were constitutively more expressed in S. chilense than in S. lycopersicum. It is concluded that ethylene plays a key role in salt tolerance of S. chilense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emna Gharbi
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute - Agronomy (ELI-A), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Laboratoire d'Ecologie végétale, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunisie
| | | | - Hela Benahmed
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie végétale, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunisie
| | - Gilles Lepoint
- Laboratoire d'Océanologie, MARE Center, Université de Liège, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Vanpee
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute - Agronomy (ELI-A), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Muriel Quinet
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute - Agronomy (ELI-A), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Stanley Lutts
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute - Agronomy (ELI-A), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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29
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Cantero-Navarro E, Romero-Aranda R, Fernández-Muñoz R, Martínez-Andújar C, Pérez-Alfocea F, Albacete A. Improving agronomic water use efficiency in tomato by rootstock-mediated hormonal regulation of leaf biomass. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 251:90-100. [PMID: 27593467 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Water availability is the most important factor limiting food production, thus developing new scientific strategies to allow crops to more efficiently use water could be crucial in a world with a growing population. Tomato is a highly water consuming crop and improving its water use efficiency (WUE) implies positive economic and environmental effects. This work aimed to study and exploit root-derived hormonal traits to improve WUE in tomato by grafting on selected rootstocks. Firstly, root-related hormonal parameters associated to WUE were identified in a population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the wild tomato species Solanum pimpinellifolium. A principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that some hormonal traits were associated with productivity (plant biomass and photosynthesis) and WUE in the RIL population. Leaf ABA concentration was associated to the first component (PC1) of the PCA, which explained a 60% of the variance in WUE, while the ethylene precursor ACC and the ratio ACC/ABA were also associated to PC1 but in the opposite direction. Secondly, we selected RILs according to their extreme biomass (high, B, low, b) and water use (high, W, low, w), and studied the differential effect of shoot and root on WUE by reciprocal grafting. In absence of any imposed stress, there were no rootstock effects on vegetative shoot growth and water relations. Finally, we exploited the previously identified root-related hormonal traits by grafting a commercial tomato variety onto the selected RILs to improve WUE. Interestingly, rootstocks that induced low biomass and water use, 'bw', improved fruit yield and WUE (defined as fruit yield/water use) by up to 40% compared to self-grafted plants. Although other hormonal factors appear implicated in this response, xylem ACC concentration seems an important root-derived trait that inhibits leaf growth but does not limit fruit yield. Thus tomato WUE can be improved exploiting rootstock-derived hormonal signals which control leaf growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cantero-Navarro
- Department of Plant Nutrition, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Remedios Romero-Aranda
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, IHSM-UMA-CSIC 'La Mayora', 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rafael Fernández-Muñoz
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, IHSM-UMA-CSIC 'La Mayora', 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Pérez-Alfocea
- Department of Plant Nutrition, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alfonso Albacete
- Department of Plant Nutrition, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Valluru R, Davies WJ, Reynolds MP, Dodd IC. Foliar Abscisic Acid-To-Ethylene Accumulation and Response Regulate Shoot Growth Sensitivity to Mild Drought in Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:461. [PMID: 27148292 PMCID: PMC4834443 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Although, plant hormones play an important role in adjusting growth in response to environmental perturbation, the relative contributions of abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene remain elusive. Using six spring wheat genotypes differing for stress tolerance, we show that young seedlings of the drought-tolerant (DT) group maintained or increased shoot dry weight (SDW) while the drought-susceptible (DS) group decreased SDW in response to mild drought. Both the DT and DS groups increased endogenous ABA and ethylene concentrations under mild drought compared to control. The DT and DS groups exhibited different SDW response trends, whereby the DS group decreased while the DT group increased SDW, to increased concentrations of ABA and ethylene under mild drought, although both groups decreased ABA/ethylene ratio under mild drought albeit at different levels. We concluded that SDW of the DT and DS groups might be distinctly regulated by specific ABA:ethylene ratio. Further, a foliar-spray of low concentrations (0.1 μM) of ABA increased shoot relative growth rate (RGR) in the DS group while ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, ethylene precursor) spray increased RGR in both groups compared to control. Furthermore, the DT group accumulated a significantly higher galactose while a significantly lower maltose in the shoot compared to the DS group. Taken all together, these results suggest an impact of ABA, ethylene, and ABA:ethylene ratio on SDW of wheat seedlings that may partly underlie a genotypic variability of different shoot growth sensitivities to drought among crop species under field conditions. We propose that phenotyping based on hormone accumulation, response and hormonal ratio would be a viable, rapid, and an early-stage selection tool aiding genotype selection for stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Valluru
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)El Batan, Mexico
- Plant Biology Department, Lancaster Environmental Center, Lancaster UniversityLancaster, UK
| | - William J. Davies
- Plant Biology Department, Lancaster Environmental Center, Lancaster UniversityLancaster, UK
| | - Matthew P. Reynolds
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)El Batan, Mexico
| | - Ian C. Dodd
- Plant Biology Department, Lancaster Environmental Center, Lancaster UniversityLancaster, UK
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Boyle RKA, McAinsh M, Dodd IC. Stomatal closure of Pelargonium × hortorum in response to soil water deficit is associated with decreased leaf water potential only under rapid soil drying. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2016; 156:84-96. [PMID: 25974219 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Soil water deficits applied at different rates and for different durations can decrease both stomatal conductance (gs ) and leaf water potential (Ψleaf ). Understanding the physiological mechanisms regulating these responses is important in sustainable irrigation scheduling. Glasshouse-grown, containerized Pelargonium × hortorum BullsEye plants were irrigated either daily at various fractions of plant evapotranspiration (100, 75 and 50% ET) for 20 days or irrigation was withheld for 4 days. Xylem sap was collected and gs and Ψleaf were measured on days 15 and 20, and on days 16-19 for the respective treatments. Xylem sap pH and NO3 (-) and Ca(2+) concentrations did not differ between irrigation treatments. Xylem abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations ([ABA]xyl ) increased within 24 h of irrigation being withheld whilst gs and Ψleaf decreased. Supplying irrigation at a fraction of daily ET produced a similar relationship between [ABA]xyl and gs , but did not change Ψleaf . Treatment differences occurred independently of whether Ψleaf was measured in whole leaves with a pressure chamber, or in the lamina with a thermocouple psychrometer. Plants that were irrigated daily showed lower [ABA]xyl than plants from which irrigation was withheld, even at comparable soil moisture content. This implies that regular re-watering attenuates ABA signaling due to maintenance of soil moisture in the upper soil levels. Crucially, detached leaves supplied with synthetic ABA showed a similar relationship between [ABA]xyl and gs as intact plants, suggesting that stomatal closure of P. hortorum in response to soil water deficit is primarily an ABA-induced response, independent of changes in Ψleaf .
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard K A Boyle
- The Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Martin McAinsh
- The Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Ian C Dodd
- The Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire, LA1 4YQ, UK
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Arraes FBM, Beneventi MA, Lisei de Sa ME, Paixao JFR, Albuquerque EVS, Marin SRR, Purgatto E, Nepomuceno AL, Grossi-de-Sa MF. Implications of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling in soybean drought stress tolerance. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:213. [PMID: 26335593 PMCID: PMC4557918 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0597-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethylene is a phytohormone known for inducing a triple response in seedlings, leaf abscission and other responses to various stresses. Several studies in model plants have evaluated the importance of this hormone in crosstalk signaling with different metabolic pathways, in addition to responses to biotic stresses. However, the mechanism of action in plants of agricultural interest, such as soybean, and its participation in abiotic stresses remain unclear. RESULTS The studies presented in this work allowed for the identification of 176 soybean genes described elsewhere for ethylene biosynthesis (108 genes) and signal transduction (68 genes). A model to predict these routes in soybean was proposed, and it had great representability compared to those described for Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa. Furthermore, analysis of putative gene promoters from soybean gene orthologs permitted the identification of 29 families of cis-acting elements. These elements are essential for ethylene-mediated regulation and its possible crosstalk with other signaling pathways mediated by other plant hormones. From genes that are differentially expressed in the transcriptome database, we analyzed the relative expression of some selected genes in resistant and tolerant soybean plants subjected to water deficit. The differential expression of a set of five soybean ethylene-related genes (MAT, ACS, ACO, ETR and CTR) was validated with RT-qPCR experiments, which confirmed variations in the expression of these soybean target genes, as identified in the transcriptome database. In particular, two families of ethylene biosynthesis genes (ACS and ACO) were upregulated under these experimental conditions, whereas CTR (involved in ethylene signal transduction) was downregulated. In the same samples, high levels of ethylene production were detected and were directly correlated with the free fraction levels of ethylene's precursor. Thus, the combination of these data indicated the involvement of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling in soybean responses to water stress. CONCLUSIONS The in silico analysis, combined with the quantification of ethylene production (and its precursor) and RT-qPCR experiments, allowed for a better understanding of the importance of ethylene at a molecular level in this crop as well as its role in the response to abiotic stresses. In summary, all of the data presented here suggested that soybean responses to water stress could be regulated by a crosstalk network among different signaling pathways, which might involve various phytohormones, such as auxins, ABA and jasmonic acid. The integration of in silico and physiological data could also contribute to the application of biotechnological strategies to the development of improved cultivars with regard to different stresses, such as the isolation of stress-specific plant promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabricio Barbosa Monteiro Arraes
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Campus do Vale, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Postal Code 15005, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB, Av. W5-Norte, Postal Code 02372, CEP 70770-910, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
| | - Magda Aparecida Beneventi
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Campus do Vale, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Postal Code 15005, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB, Av. W5-Norte, Postal Code 02372, CEP 70770-910, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
| | - Maria Eugenia Lisei de Sa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB, Av. W5-Norte, Postal Code 02372, CEP 70770-910, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
- Agricultural Research Company of Minas Gerais State, Rua Afonso Rato 1301, Postal Code 311, CEP 38001-970, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
| | - Joaquin Felipe Roca Paixao
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB, Av. W5-Norte, Postal Code 02372, CEP 70770-910, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
- Brasilia University - Biology Institute, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
| | | | - Silvana Regina Rockenbach Marin
- Embrapa Soybean, Rodovia Carlos João Strass, SN, Acesso Orlando Amaral, Distrito de Warta, Postal Code 231, CEP 86001-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Purgatto
- Food Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, Sao Paulo University, Av. Lineu Prestes 580, Bloco 14, Cidade Universitaria, CEP 05508-000, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Lima Nepomuceno
- Embrapa Soybean, Rodovia Carlos João Strass, SN, Acesso Orlando Amaral, Distrito de Warta, Postal Code 231, CEP 86001-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | - Maria Fatima Grossi-de-Sa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB, Av. W5-Norte, Postal Code 02372, CEP 70770-910, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
- Catholic University of Brasilia, SGAN 916, Modulo B, Av. W5, Asa Norte, CEP 70790-160, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
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Medeiros DB, Daloso DM, Fernie AR, Nikoloski Z, Araújo WL. Utilizing systems biology to unravel stomatal function and the hierarchies underpinning its control. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:1457-70. [PMID: 25689387 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Stomata control the concomitant exchange of CO2 and transpiration in land plants. While a constant supply of CO2 is need to maintain the rate of photosynthesis, the accompanying water losses must be tightly regulated to prevent dehydration and undesired metabolic changes. The factors affecting stomatal movement are directly coupled with the cellular networks of guard cells. Although the guard cell has been used as a model for characterization of signaling pathways, several important questions about its functioning remain elusive. Current modeling approaches describe the stomatal conductance in terms of relatively few easy-to-measure variables being unsuitable for in silico design of genetic manipulation strategies. Here, we argue that a system biology approach, combining modeling and high-throughput experiments, may be used to elucidate the mechanisms underlying stomata control and to determine targets for modulation of stomatal responses to environment. In support of our opinion, we review studies demonstrating how high-throughput approaches have provided a systems-view of guard cells. Finally, we emphasize the opportunities and challenges of genome-scale modeling and large-scale data integration for in silico manipulation of guard cell functions to improve crop yields, particularly under stress conditions which are of pertinence both to climate change and water use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Medeiros
- Max-Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danilo M Daloso
- Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Systems Biology and Mathematical Modeling Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Max-Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Arve LE, Torre S. Ethylene is involved in high air humidity promoted stomatal opening of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) leaves. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2015; 42:376-386. [PMID: 32480682 DOI: 10.1071/fp14247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High relative air humidity (RH) promotes stomatal opening in tomato leaves. This study examined the role of the plant hormones abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene in high RH induced stomatal opening. Plants were grown in high (90%) and moderate (60%) RH or transferred from moderate to high RH. ABA levels were only slightly, but significantly decreased during darkness by increasing RH. However, a significantly higher ethylene evolution was found in high RH compared with moderate RH. Ethephon increased conductance and stomatal aperture in moderate RH. Treatment with amino-ethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) suppressed stomatal opening when plants were transferred from moderate to high RH. Similarly, blocking the ethylene receptor or using an ethylene-insensitive mutant (NR) reduced the response to high RH. These results demonstrate that both ethylene production and sensitivity play a role in high RH-induced stomatal opening in tomato leaves. The increased conductance found when plants were transferred to high RH could be counteracted by exogenous ABA spray. The ABA deficient mutant 'Flacca' produced high levels of ethylene irrespective of the RH and the difference in water loss and conductance between high and moderate grown 'Flacca' plants was attenuated compared with WT. The results indicate that both ABA and ethylene play a role in air humidity control of stomatal movement in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise E Arve
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences, PO Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Sissel Torre
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences, PO Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
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Shi C, Qi C, Ren H, Huang A, Hei S, She X. Ethylene mediates brassinosteroid-induced stomatal closure via Gα protein-activated hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide production in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 82:280-301. [PMID: 25754244 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are essential for plant growth and development; however, whether and how they promote stomatal closure is not fully clear. In this study, we report that 24-epibrassinolide (EBR), a bioactive BR, induces stomatal closure in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) by triggering a signal transduction pathway including ethylene synthesis, the activation of Gα protein, and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and nitric oxide (NO) production. EBR initiated a marked rise in ethylene, H(2)O(2) and NO levels, necessary for stomatal closure in the wild type. These effects were abolished in mutant bri1-301, and EBR failed to close the stomata of gpa1 mutants. Next, we found that both ethylene and Gα mediate the inductive effects of EBR on H(2)O(2) and NO production. EBR-triggered H(2)O(2) and NO accumulation were canceled in the etr1 and gpa1 mutants, but were strengthened in the eto1-1 mutant and the cGα line (constitutively overexpressing the G protein α-subunit AtGPA1). Exogenously applied H(2)O(2) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP) rescued the defects of etr1-3 and gpa1 or etr1 and gpa1 mutants in EBR-induced stomatal closure, whereas the stomata of eto1-1/AtrbohF and cGα/AtrbohF or eto1-1/nia1-2 and cGα/nia1-2 constructs had an analogous response to H(2)O(2) or SNP as those of AtrbohF or Nia1-2 mutants. Moreover, we provided evidence that Gα plays an important role in the responses of guard cells to ethylene. Gα activator CTX largely restored the lesion of the etr1-3 mutant, but ethylene precursor ACC failed to rescue the defects of gpa1 mutants in EBR-induced stomatal closure. Lastly, we demonstrated that Gα-activated H(2)O(2) production is required for NO synthesis. EBR failed to induce NO synthesis in mutant AtrbohF, but it led to H(2)O(2) production in mutant Nia1-2. Exogenously applied SNP rescued the defect of AtrbohF in EBR-induced stomatal closure, but H(2)O(2) did not reverse the lesion of EBR-induced stomatal closure in Nia1-2. Together, our results strongly suggest a signaling pathway in which EBR induces ethylene synthesis, thereby activating Gα, and then promotes AtrbohF-dependent H(2)O(2) production and subsequent Nia1-catalyzed NO accumulation, and finally closes stomata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China; School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hechi University, Yizhou, 546300, China
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Dodd IC, Puértolas J, Huber K, Pérez-Pérez JG, Wright HR, Blackwell MSA. The importance of soil drying and re-wetting in crop phytohormonal and nutritional responses to deficit irrigation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:2239-52. [PMID: 25628330 PMCID: PMC4986717 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Soil drying and re-wetting (DRW) occurs at varying frequencies and intensities during crop production, and is deliberately used in water-saving irrigation techniques that aim to enhance crop water use efficiency. Soil drying not only limits root water uptake which can (but not always) perturb shoot water status, but also alters root synthesis of phytohormones and their transport to shoots to regulate leaf growth and gas exchange. Re-wetting the soil rapidly restores leaf water potential and leaf growth (minutes to hours), but gas exchange recovers more slowly (hours to days), probably mediated by sustained changes in root to shoot phytohormonal signalling. Partial rootzone drying (PRD) deliberately irrigates only part of the rootzone, while the remainder is allowed to dry. Alternating these wet and dry zones (thus re-wetting dry soil) substantially improves crop yields compared with maintaining fixed wet and dry zones or conventional deficit irrigation, and modifies phytohormonal (especially abscisic acid) signalling. Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) of rice can also improve yield compared with paddy culture, and is correlated with altered phytohormonal (including cytokinin) signalling. Both PRD and AWD can improve crop nutrition, and re-wetting dry soil provokes both physical and biological changes which affect soil nutrient availability. Whether this alters crop nutrient uptake depends on competition between plant and microbes for nutrients, with the rate of re-wetting determining microbial dynamics. Nevertheless, studies that examine the effects of soil DRW on both crop nutritional and phytohormonal responses are relatively rare; thus, determining the cause(s) of enhanced crop yields under AWD and PRD remains challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Dodd
- Centre for Sustainable Agriculture, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 1YQ, UK
| | - Jaime Puértolas
- Centre for Sustainable Agriculture, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 1YQ, UK
| | - Katrin Huber
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Agrosphere (IBG 3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Hannah R Wright
- Centre for Sustainable Agriculture, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 1YQ, UK
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Murata Y, Mori IC, Munemasa S. Diverse stomatal signaling and the signal integration mechanism. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 66:369-92. [PMID: 25665132 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-043014-114707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Guard cells perceive a variety of chemicals produced metabolically in response to abiotic and biotic stresses, integrate the signals into reactive oxygen species and calcium signatures, and convert these signatures into stomatal movements by regulating turgor pressure. Guard cell behaviors in response to such complex signals are critical for plant growth and sustenance in stressful, ever-changing environments. The key open question is how guard cells achieve the signal integration to optimize stomatal aperture. Abscisic acid is responsible for stomatal closure in plants in response to drought, and its signal transduction has been well studied. Other plant hormones and low-molecular-weight compounds function as inducers of stomatal closure and mediators of signaling in guard cells. In this review, we summarize recent advances in research on the diverse stomatal signaling pathways, with specific emphasis on signal integration and signal interaction in guard cell movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Murata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; ,
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Ma B, Yin CC, He SJ, Lu X, Zhang WK, Lu TG, Chen SY, Zhang JS. Ethylene-induced inhibition of root growth requires abscisic acid function in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004701. [PMID: 25330236 PMCID: PMC4199509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA) have a complicated interplay in many developmental processes. Their interaction in rice is largely unclear. Here, we characterized a rice ethylene-response mutant mhz4, which exhibited reduced ethylene-response in roots but enhanced ethylene-response in coleoptiles of etiolated seedlings. MHZ4 was identified through map-based cloning and encoded a chloroplast-localized membrane protein homologous to Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) ABA4, which is responsible for a branch of ABA biosynthesis. MHZ4 mutation reduced ABA level, but promoted ethylene production. Ethylene induced MHZ4 expression and promoted ABA accumulation in roots. MHZ4 overexpression resulted in enhanced and reduced ethylene response in roots and coleoptiles, respectively. In root, MHZ4-dependent ABA pathway acts at or downstream of ethylene receptors and positively regulates root ethylene response. This ethylene-ABA interaction mode is different from that reported in Arabidopsis, where ethylene-mediated root inhibition is independent of ABA function. In coleoptile, MHZ4-dependent ABA pathway acts at or upstream of OsEIN2 to negatively regulate coleoptile ethylene response, possibly by affecting OsEIN2 expression. At mature stage, mhz4 mutation affects branching and adventitious root formation on stem nodes of higher positions, as well as yield-related traits. Together, our findings reveal a novel mode of interplay between ethylene and ABA in control of rice growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Ma
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cui-Cui Yin
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Jie He
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wan-Ke Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tie-Gang Lu
- Biotechnology Research Institute/National Key Facility for Genetic Resources and Gene Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shou-Yi Chen
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Song Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Cao F, Chen F, Sun H, Zhang G, Chen ZH, Wu F. Genome-wide transcriptome and functional analysis of two contrasting genotypes reveals key genes for cadmium tolerance in barley. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:611. [PMID: 25038590 PMCID: PMC4117959 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cadmium (Cd) is a severe detrimental environmental pollutant. To adapt to Cd-induced deleterious effects, plants have evolved sophisticated defence mechanisms. In this study, a genome-wide transcriptome analysis was performed to identify the mechanisms of Cd tolerance using two barley genotypes with distinct Cd tolerance. Results Microarray expression profiling revealed that 91 genes were up-regulated by Cd in Cd-tolerant genotype Weisuobuzhi and simultaneously down-regulated or non-changed in Cd-sensitive Dong17, and 692 genes showed no change in Weisuobuzhi but down-regulated in Dong17. Novel genes that may play significant roles in Cd tolerance were mainly via generating protectants such as catalase against reactive oxygen species, Cd compartmentalization (e.g. phytochelatin-synthase and vacuolar ATPase), and defence response and DNA replication (e.g. chitinase and histones). Other 156 up-regulated genes in both genotypes also included those encoding proteins related to stress and defence responses, and metabolism-related genes involved in detoxification pathways. Meanwhile, biochemical and physiological analysis of enzyme (ATPase and chitinase), phytohormone (ethylene), ion distribution and transport (Cd, Na+, K+, Ca2+, ABC transporter) demonstrated that significantly larger Cd-induced increases of those components in Weisuobuzhi than those in Dong17. In addition, Cd-induced DNA damage was more pronounced in Dong17 than that in Weisuobuzhi. Conclusions Our findings suggest that combining microarray, physiological and biochemical analysis has provided valuable insights towards a novel integrated molecular mechanism of Cd tolerance in barley. The higher expression genes in Cd tolerant genotype could be used for transgenic overexpression in sensitive genotypes of barley or other cereal crops for elevating tolerance to Cd stress. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-611) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P,R, China.
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Hopper DW, Ghan R, Cramer GR. A rapid dehydration leaf assay reveals stomatal response differences in grapevine genotypes. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2014; 1:2. [PMID: 26504528 PMCID: PMC4591676 DOI: 10.1038/hortres.2014.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A simple and reliable way of phenotyping plant responses to dehydration was developed. Fully-developed leaves were detached and placed in a closed plastic box containing a salt solution to control the atmospheric water potential in the container. Three hours of dehydration (weight loss of the leaf) was optimal for measuring changes in stomatal response to dehydration. Application of the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) prior to leaf detachment decreased the amount of water loss, indicating that the assay was able to detect differences based on a stomatal response to dehydration. Five different Vitis genotypes (V. riparia, V. champinii, V. vinifera cv. Shiraz, V. vinifera cv. Grenache and V. vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) with known differences in drought tolerance were screened for their dehydration response and the results obtained corresponded to previous reports of stomatal responses in the vineyard. Significant differences in stomatal density along with differences in the amount and rate of water lost indicate differences in dehydration sensitivity among the genotypes screened. Differences in stomatal response to ABA were also detected. Shiraz had the lowest stomatal density and the highest ABA sensitivity among the genotypes screened, yet Shiraz lost the most amount of water, indicating that it was the least sensitive to dehydration. Despite having the highest stomatal density and intermediate stomatal sensitivity to ABA, V. riparia lost the smallest amount of water, indicating that it was the most sensitive to dehydration. The assay presented here represents a simple and reliable phenotyping method for plant responses to leaf dehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Hopper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Ryan Ghan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Grant R Cramer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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