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Nogueira M, Enfissi EMA, Price EJ, Menard GN, Venter E, Eastmond PJ, Bar E, Lewinsohn E, Fraser PD. Ketocarotenoid production in tomato triggers metabolic reprogramming and cellular adaptation: The quest for homeostasis. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:427-444. [PMID: 38032727 PMCID: PMC10826984 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Plants are sessile and therefore have developed an extraordinary capacity to adapt to external signals. Here, the focus is on the plasticity of the plant cell to respond to new intracellular cues. Ketocarotenoids are high-value natural red pigments with potent antioxidant activity. In the present study, system-level analyses have revealed that the heterologous biosynthesis of ketocarotenoids in tomato initiated a series of cellular and metabolic mechanisms to cope with the formation of metabolites that are non-endogenous to the plant. The broad multilevel changes were linked to, among others, (i) the remodelling of the plastidial membrane, where the synthesis and storage of ketocarotenoids occurs; (ii) the recruiting of core metabolic pathways for the generation of metabolite precursors and energy; and (iii) redox control. The involvement of the metabolites as regulators of cellular processes shown here reinforces their pivotal role suggested in the remodelled 'central dogma' concept. Furthermore, the role of metabolic reprogramming to ensure cellular homeostasis is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilise Nogueira
- School of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamSurreyUK
| | | | - Elliott J. Price
- School of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamSurreyUK
- Present address:
RECETOX, Faculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | | | - Eudri Venter
- Plant Sciences for the Bioeconomy, Rothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
| | | | - Einat Bar
- Department of Aromatic PlantsNewe Ya'ar Research Center Agricultural Research OrganizationRamat YishayIsrael
| | - Efraim Lewinsohn
- Department of Aromatic PlantsNewe Ya'ar Research Center Agricultural Research OrganizationRamat YishayIsrael
| | - Paul D. Fraser
- School of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamSurreyUK
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2
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Zhao J, Xu Y, Li H, Zhu X, Yin Y, Zhang X, Qin X, Zhou J, Duan L, Liang X, Huang T, Zhang B, Wan R, Shi Z, Cao Y, An W. ERF5.1 modulates carotenoid accumulation by interacting with CCD4.1 in Lycium. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad230. [PMID: 38143484 PMCID: PMC10745278 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are important natural pigments and have medical and health functions for humans. Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4 (CCD4) and ethylene responsive factor (ERF) participate in carotenoid metabolism, but their roles in Lycium have not been discovered. Here, we annotated LbCCDs from the Lycium reference genome and found that LbCCD4.1 expression was significantly correlated with the carotenoid metabolites during Lycium five fruit developmental stages. Over-expression of LbCCD4.1 in NQ's leaves resulted in a series of significantly lower contents of carotenoid metabolites, including β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin. Moreover, LbERF5.1, a transcription factor belonging to the ERF family that was located in the nucleus, was isolated. Significant reductions in the carotenoids, especially lutein, violaxanthin and their derivatives, were observed in over-expressing ERF5.1 transgenic NQ's leaves. Over-expression or virus-induced gene silencing of LbERF5.1 in NQ's leaves induced a consistent up- or down-expression, respectively, of LbCCD4.1. Furthermore, yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that ERF5.1 interacted with the promoter of CCD4.1 to increase its expression, and LbERF5.1 could bind to any one of the three predicted binding sites in the promoter of LbCCD4.1. A transcriptome analysis of LbERF5.1 and LbCCD4.1 over-expressed lines showed similar global transcript expression, and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase, phytoene synthase, lycopene δ-cyclase cytochrome, cytochrome P450-type monooxygenase 97A, cytochrome P450-type monooxygenase 97C, and zeaxanthin epoxidase in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway were differentially expressed. In summary, we uncovered a novel molecular mechanism of carotenoid accumulation that involved an interaction between ERF5.1 and CCD4.1, which may be used to enhance carotenoid in Lycium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhao
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center/Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Yuhui Xu
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center/Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Haoxia Li
- Institute of Forestry and Grassland Ecology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Xinlei Zhu
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center/Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Yue Yin
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center/Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Xiyan Zhang
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center/Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | | | - Jun Zhou
- College of Biological Science & Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Linyuan Duan
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center/Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Xiaojie Liang
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center/Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Ting Huang
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center/Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center/Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Ru Wan
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center/Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Zhigang Shi
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center/Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Youlong Cao
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center/Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Wei An
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center/Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
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3
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Espley RV, Jaakola L. The role of environmental stress in fruit pigmentation. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3663-3679. [PMID: 37555620 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
For many fruit crops, the colour of the fruit outwardly defines its eating quality. Fruit pigments provide reproductive advantage for the plant as well as providing protection against unfavourable environmental conditions and pathogens. For consumers these colours are considered attractive and provide many of the dietary benefits derived from fruits. In the majority of species, the main pigments are either carotenoids and/or anthocyanins. They are produced in the fruit as part of the ripening process, orchestrated by phytohormones and an ensuing transcriptional cascade, culminating in pigment biosynthesis. Whilst this is a controlled developmental process, the production of pigments is also attuned to environmental conditions such as light quantity and quality, availability of water and ambient temperature. If these factors intensify to stress levels, fruit tissues respond by increasing (or ceasing) pigment production. In many cases, if the stress is not severe, this can have a positive outcome for fruit quality. Here, we focus on the principal environmental factors (light, temperature and water) that can influence fruit colour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard V Espley
- Department of New Cultivar Innovation, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
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4
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Kishor PBK, Guddimalli R, Kulkarni J, Singam P, Somanaboina AK, Nandimandalam T, Patil S, Polavarapu R, Suravajhala P, Sreenivasulu N, Penna S. Impact of Climate Change on Altered Fruit Quality with Organoleptic, Health Benefit, and Nutritional Attributes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:17510-17527. [PMID: 37943146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
As a consequence of global climate change, acute water deficit conditions, soil salinity, and high temperature have been on the rise in their magnitude and frequency, which have been found to impact plant growth and development negatively. However, recent evidence suggests that many fruit plants that face moderate abiotic stresses can result in beneficial effects on the postharvest storage characters of the fruits. Salinity, drought, and high temperature conditions stimulate the synthesis of abscisic acid (ABA), and secondary metabolites, which are vital for fruit quality. The secondary metabolites like phenolic acids and anthocyanins that accumulate under abiotic stress conditions have antioxidant activity, and therefore, such fruits have health benefits too. It has been noticed that fruits accumulate more sugar and anthocyanins owing to upregulation of phenylpropanoid pathway enzymes. The novel information that has been generated thus far indicates that the growth environment during fruit development influences the quality components of the fruits. But the quality depends on the trade-offs between productivity, plant defense, and the frequency, duration, and intensity of stress. In this review, we capture the current knowledge of the irrigation practices for optimizing fruit production in arid and semiarid regions and enhancement in the quality of fruit with the application of exogenous ABA and identify gaps that exist in our understanding of fruit quality under abiotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Kavi Kishor
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | | | - Jayant Kulkarni
- Department of Botany, Savithribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Prashant Singam
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Anil Kumar Somanaboina
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research Deemed to be University, Vadlamudi, Guntur 522 213, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Tejaswi Nandimandalam
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research Deemed to be University, Vadlamudi, Guntur 522 213, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Swaroopa Patil
- Department of Botany, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416 004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rathnagiri Polavarapu
- Genomix Molecular Diagnostics Pvt. Ltd., Pragathi Nagar, Kukatapally, Hyderabad 500 072, India
| | - Prashanth Suravajhala
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwavidyapeetham, Clappana, 690 525, Amritapuri, Vallikavu, Kerala, India & Bioclues.org, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- Consumer-Driven Grain Quality and Nutrition Research Unit, International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manil 1301, Philippines
| | - Suprasanna Penna
- Amity Centre for Nuclear Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University of Maharashtra, Mumbai 410 206, India
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Wang H, Tian Y, Li Y, Wei J, Ma F, Liang W, Li C. Analysis of Carotenoids and Gene Expression in Apple Germplasm Resources Reveals the Role of MdCRTISO and MdLCYE in the Accumulation of Carotenoids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15121-15131. [PMID: 37796201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids play an important role in the coloring and nutritional value of apple (Malus spp.) fruits. Here, six carotenoids, including lutein, zeaxanthin, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, violaxanthin, and neoxanthin, were detected in 105 fruits of apple germplasm resources, which showed a skewed distribution in both the peel and pulp. There were more carotenoids in the peel than in the pulp, and lutein and β-carotene were the primary carotenoids that were present. The expression levels of most carotenoid pathway genes in germplasm fruits during fruit development were higher in the fruits that had an abundance of carotenoids. A linear relationship analysis showed that the expression levels of MdCRTISO and MdLCYE were highly correlated with the content of carotenoids. The leaves accumulated the greatest number of carotenoids, while the roots had the lowest amount. MdCRTISO and MdLCYE were highly expressed in the fruits compared to other tissues. Transgenic calli and transiently transformed fruits confirmed that MdCRTISO and MdLCYE affected the biosynthesis of carotenoids owing to their effects on the expression of other genes for enzymes in the carotenoid pathway. Our findings will extend the understanding of carotenoid biosynthesis in apple and excavate apple germplasm resources with rich carotenoids to breed high-quality apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuchen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiaqi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Cuiying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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6
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Gambhir P, Raghuvanshi U, Parida AP, Kujur S, Sharma S, Sopory SK, Kumar R, Sharma AK. Elevated methylglyoxal levels inhibit tomato fruit ripening by preventing ethylene biosynthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:2161-2184. [PMID: 36879389 PMCID: PMC10315284 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG), a toxic compound produced as a by-product of several cellular processes, such as respiration and photosynthesis, is well known for its deleterious effects, mainly through glycation of proteins during plant stress responses. However, very little is known about its impact on fruit ripening. Here, we found that MG levels are maintained at high levels in green tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruits and decline during fruit ripening despite a respiratory burst during this transition. We demonstrate that this decline is mainly mediated through a glutathione-dependent MG detoxification pathway and primarily catalyzed by a Glyoxalase I enzyme encoded by the SlGLYI4 gene. SlGLYI4 is a direct target of the MADS-box transcription factor RIPENING INHIBITOR (RIN), and its expression is induced during fruit ripening. Silencing of SlGLYI4 leads to drastic MG overaccumulation at ripening stages of transgenic fruits and interferes with the ripening process. MG most likely glycates and inhibits key enzymes such as methionine synthase and S-adenosyl methionine synthase in the ethylene biosynthesis pathway, thereby indirectly affecting fruit pigmentation and cell wall metabolism. MG overaccumulation in fruits of several nonripening or ripening-inhibited tomato mutants suggests that the tightly regulated MG detoxification process is crucial for normal ripening progression. Our results underpin a SlGLYI4-mediated regulatory mechanism by which MG detoxification controls fruit ripening in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Gambhir
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Utkarsh Raghuvanshi
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Adwaita Prasad Parida
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Stuti Kujur
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Sudhir K Sopory
- Plant Stress Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Arun Kumar Sharma
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
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Combining Zeolites with Early-Maturing Annual Legume Cover Crops in Rainfed Orchards: Effects on Yield, Fatty Acid Composition and Polyphenolic Profile of Olives and Olive Oil. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062545. [PMID: 36985518 PMCID: PMC10054706 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Under climate change threats, there is a growing need to adapt the conventional agronomic practices used in rainfed olive orchards by sustainable practices, in order to ensure adequate crop yield and olive oil quality and to preserve soil health. Therefore, for two years, the effects of conventional tillage practice (T) and two sustainable soil management strategies, a leguminous cover crop (LC) and its combination with natural zeolites (ZL), on the yield, fatty acid composition, polyphenolic profile and quality indices of olive fruits and oil were evaluated. Crop yield was significantly increased by LC and ZL in the first year. Although in the second year no significant differences were verified, the cumulative yield increased significantly by 31.6% and 35.5% in LC and ZL trees, respectively. LC enhanced the moisture and size of olives, while ZL increased, in general, the concentrations of oleuropein, verbascoside, caffeic acid and epicatechin, as well the oleic/linoleic ratio in fruits and the levels of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol, tyrosol, verbascoside and caffeic acid in olive oil. Despite the higher concentration of total phenols in the fruits and oil from T trees in the warmer and dryer year, the quality of the oil decreased, mainly when compared with ZL, as evidenced by the peroxide value and K232 and K270 coefficients. In short, both sustainable soil management strategies appear to be promising practices to implement in olive orchards under rainfed conditions, but the innovative strategy of combining zeolites with legume cover crops, first reported in the present study, confers advantages from a nutritional and technological point of view. Nevertheless, studies subjected to the long-term use of these practices should be conducted to ensure the sustainability of the crop yield and olive oil quality.
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8
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Morelli L, Torres-Montilla S, Glauser G, Shanmugabalaji V, Kessler F, Rodriguez-Concepcion M. Novel insights into the contribution of plastoglobules and reactive oxygen species to chromoplast differentiation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:1696-1710. [PMID: 36307969 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant tissues can be enriched in phytonutrients not only by stimulating their biosynthesis but also by providing appropriate sink structures for their sequestering and storage. In the case of carotenoids, they accumulate at high levels in chromoplasts naturally found in flowers and fruit. Chromoplasts can also be artificially differentiated from leaf chloroplasts by boosting carotenoid production with the bacterial protein crtB. Here we used electron and confocal microscopy together with subplastidial fractionation and transcript, protein and metabolite analyses to analyze the structural and biochemical changes occurring in crtB-induced artificial chromoplasts and their impact on the accumulation of health-related isoprenoids. We show that leaf chromoplasts develop plastoglobules (PG) harboring high levels of carotenoids (mainly phytoene and pro-vitamin A β-carotene) but also other nutritionally relevant isoprenoids, such as tocopherols (vitamin E) and phylloquinone (vitamin K1). Further promoting PG proliferation by exposure to intense (high) light resulted in a higher accumulation of these health-related metabolites but also an acceleration of the chloroplast-to-chromoplast conversion. We further show that the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulates chromoplastogenesis. Our data suggest that carotenoid accumulation and ROS production are not just consequences but promoters of the chromoplast differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Morelli
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Torres-Montilla
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gaétan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Neuchâtel, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Felix Kessler
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Neuchâtel, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Rodriguez-Concepcion
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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9
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Morelli L, Torres-Montilla S, Glauser G, Shanmugabalaji V, Kessler F, Rodriguez-Concepcion M. Novel insights into the contribution of plastoglobules and reactive oxygen species to chromoplast differentiation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023. [PMID: 36307969 DOI: 10.1101/2022.06.20.496796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant tissues can be enriched in phytonutrients not only by stimulating their biosynthesis but also by providing appropriate sink structures for their sequestering and storage. In the case of carotenoids, they accumulate at high levels in chromoplasts naturally found in flowers and fruit. Chromoplasts can also be artificially differentiated from leaf chloroplasts by boosting carotenoid production with the bacterial protein crtB. Here we used electron and confocal microscopy together with subplastidial fractionation and transcript, protein and metabolite analyses to analyze the structural and biochemical changes occurring in crtB-induced artificial chromoplasts and their impact on the accumulation of health-related isoprenoids. We show that leaf chromoplasts develop plastoglobules (PG) harboring high levels of carotenoids (mainly phytoene and pro-vitamin A β-carotene) but also other nutritionally relevant isoprenoids, such as tocopherols (vitamin E) and phylloquinone (vitamin K1). Further promoting PG proliferation by exposure to intense (high) light resulted in a higher accumulation of these health-related metabolites but also an acceleration of the chloroplast-to-chromoplast conversion. We further show that the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulates chromoplastogenesis. Our data suggest that carotenoid accumulation and ROS production are not just consequences but promoters of the chromoplast differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Morelli
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Torres-Montilla
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gaétan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Neuchâtel, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Felix Kessler
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Neuchâtel, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Rodriguez-Concepcion
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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10
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Egea I, Estrada Y, Faura C, Egea-Fernández JM, Bolarin MC, Flores FB. Salt-tolerant alternative crops as sources of quality food to mitigate the negative impact of salinity on agricultural production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1092885. [PMID: 36818835 PMCID: PMC9935836 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1092885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
An increase of abiotic stress tolerance and nutritive value of foods is currently a priority because of climate change and rising world population. Among abiotic stresses, salt stress is one of the main problems in agriculture. Mounting urbanization and industrialization, and increasing global food demand, are pressing farmers to make use of marginal lands affected by salinity and low-quality saline water. In that situation, one of the most promising approaches is searching for new sources of genetic variation like salt-tolerant alternative crops or underexploited crops. They are generally less efficient than cultivated crops in optimal conditions due to lower yield but represent an alternative in stressful growth conditions. In this review, we summarize the advances achieved in research on underexploited species differing in their genetic nature. First, we highlight advances in research on salt tolerance of traditional varieties of tomato or landraces; varieties selected and developed by smallholder farmers for adaptation to their local environments showing specific attractive fruit quality traits. We remark advances attained in screening a collection of tomato traditional varieties gathered in Spanish Southeast, a very productive region which environment is extremely stressing. Second, we explore the opportunities of exploiting the natural variation of halophytes, in particular quinoa and amaranth. The adaptation of both species in stressful growth conditions is becoming an increasingly important issue, especially for their cultivation in arid and semiarid areas prone to be affected by salinity. Here we present a project developed in Spanish Southeast, where quinoa and amaranth varieties are being adapted for their culture under abiotic stress targeting high quality grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Egea
- Department Of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Yanira Estrada
- Department Of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Celia Faura
- Department Of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Maria C. Bolarin
- Department Of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco B. Flores
- Department Of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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11
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González‐Casado S, López‐Gámez G, Martín‐Belloso O, Elez‐Martínez P, Soliva‐Fortuny R. Pulsed light of near-infrared and visible light wavelengths induces the accumulation of carotenoids in tomato fruits during post-treatment time. J Food Sci 2022; 87:3913-3924. [PMID: 35983588 PMCID: PMC9805007 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Pulsed light (PL) is proposed as a novel strategy for the food industry to enhance the antioxidant potential of fruits and vegetables for industrial uses. The main aim of this work is to evaluate the impact of postharvest PL treatments of different spectral ranges on the carotenoid concentration as well as quality attributes of tomatoes during post-treatment time. Doses of wide-spectrum light (180-1100 nm), full-spectrum without ultraviolet (UV)-C wavelengths (305-1100 nm), and visible (VIS) + near-infrared light (NIR) (400-1100 nm) were compared. Total carotenoids, lycopene, and chlorophyll contents were spectrophotometrically assessed just after treatments and 1, 5, and 10 days post-treatment. PL treatments accelerated the accumulation of both total carotenoids and lycopene concentrations in tomato fruits. Nevertheless, the efficacy of PL depended on the applied spectral range. Tomato subjected to VIS + NIR treatment exhibited the greatest enhancement in total carotenoids (31 %) and lycopene (35 %) content at day 5 post-treatment and quality attributes were not affected. Conversely, UV-light exposure did not enhance carotenoid concentrations. These results evidenced that VIS + NIR treatments induced a faster accumulation of carotenoids without negatively affecting tomato quality attributes. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The integration of visible and near-infrared (VIS + NIR) light filters in pulsed light (PL) processing allows enhancing the accumulation of bioactive compounds in tomato tissues in a sustainable way, which can be processed to obtain derived products (e.g., juices, purees) with health-promoting properties. PL technology is characterized by a lack of residual compounds and the absence of applying chemicals potentially harmful to humans. Industries can attract the attention of consumers through their application, which allows offering this added value.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gloria López‐Gámez
- Department of Food TechnologyUniversity of Lleida—Agrotecnio‐CeRCA CenterLleidaSpain
| | - Olga Martín‐Belloso
- Department of Food TechnologyUniversity of Lleida—Agrotecnio‐CeRCA CenterLleidaSpain
| | - Pedro Elez‐Martínez
- Department of Food TechnologyUniversity of Lleida—Agrotecnio‐CeRCA CenterLleidaSpain
| | - Robert Soliva‐Fortuny
- Department of Food TechnologyUniversity of Lleida—Agrotecnio‐CeRCA CenterLleidaSpain
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12
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Cytotoxic evaluation and chemical investigation of tomatoes from plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) grown in uncontaminated and experimentally contaminated soils. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13024. [PMID: 35906264 PMCID: PMC9338037 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13876-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic activity and the chemical composition of the tomato extracts coming from, Pomodoro Giallo and San Marzano Cirio 3, and then to evaluate the potential changes when plants were grown in soils contaminated by cadmium, chromium and lead. Extracts were investigated by UHPLC-HRMS and UV–Vis. Cell viability (CellTiter-Glo Luminescent assay), enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (ALDEFLOUR Assay), cell cycle progression (Accuri C6 Flow Cytometer), apoptosis and necrosis (Annexin V-FITC assay) were evaluated on two gastric cancer (AGS and NCI-N87) and two colorectal cancer (HT-29 and HCT 116) cell lines. Different content of polyphenol and carotenoid constituents was observed. Extracts from uncontaminated soil induced cytotoxic activity towards all selected cancer cells, while extracts coming from contaminated soils showed the aberrant phenotype increased in colorectal cancer cells. Chloroform extracts exerted the highest cytotoxic activity. AGS and HT-29 were the most sensitive to cell cycle arrest and to apoptosis. No necrotic effect was observed in HCT 116. The contrasting effects on cancer cells were observed based on tomato variety, the extract polarity, heavy metal identity, and tested cell line. The investigation of potential adverse health effects due to Cd in the fruits should be explored.
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13
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Distefano M, Steingass CB, Leonardi C, Giuffrida F, Schweiggert R, Mauro RP. Effects of a plant-derived biostimulant application on quality and functional traits of greenhouse cherry tomato cultivars. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Bamary Z, Einali A. Changes in Carbon Partitioning and Pattern of Antioxidant Enzyme Activity Induced by Arginine Treatment in the Green Microalga Dunaliella salina Under Long-Term Salinity. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 84:198-212. [PMID: 34396460 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01843-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the effects of arginine (Arg) on biochemical responses and antioxidant enzyme activity in the green microalga Dunaliella salina grown at different salt concentrations were investigated. Suspensions adapted with the concentrations of 1, 2, and 3 M NaCl were treated at the exponential growth phase with a concentration of 5 mM Arg. Salt stress was associated with a large decrease in the number of cells and non-reducing sugar levels but accumulated higher amounts of chlorophyll, β-carotene, reducing sugar, starch, total protein, free amino acid, and glycerol. Increased levels of protein carbonylation, lipid peroxidation, proteolysis, hydrogen peroxide, and antioxidant enzyme activity also occurred during salinity. Arg treatment changed the pattern of biochemical responses in the cells grown at high salinity by directing carbon flow to the biosynthesis of non-reducing sugars instead of starch, lowering levels of hydrogen peroxide, and downregulating antioxidant enzyme activity, but the levels of lipid peroxidation, glycerol, and β-carotene remained nearly unchanged. These results suggest that Arg treatment alleviates salinity-induced oxidative stress in D. salina cells by modifying carbon partitioning and inducing signaling molecules rather than antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bamary
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Alireza Einali
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.
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15
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Huang X, Hu L, Kong W, Yang C, Xi W. Red light-transmittance bagging promotes carotenoid accumulation of grapefruit during ripening. Commun Biol 2022; 5:303. [PMID: 35379890 PMCID: PMC8980019 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03270-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Light, a crucial environmental signal, is involved in the regulation of secondary metabolites. To understand the mechanism by which light influences carotenoid metabolism, grapefruits were bagged with four types of light-transmitting bags that altered the transmission of solar light. We show that light-transmitting bagging induced changes in carotenoid metabolism during fruit ripening. Compared with natural light, red light (RL)-transmittance treatment significantly increases the total carotenoid content by 62%. Based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), ‘blue’ and ‘turquoise’ modules are remarkably associated with carotenoid metabolism under different light treatment (p < 0.05). Transcriptome analysis identifies transcription factors (TFs) bHLH128, NAC2-like/21/72, MYB-like, AGL11/AGL61, ERF023/062, WRKY20, SBPlike-7/13 as being involved in the regulation of carotenoid metabolism in response to RL. Under RL treatment, these TFs regulate the accumulation of carotenoids by directly modulating the expression of carotenogenic genes, including GGPPS2, PDS, Z-ISO, ZDS2/7, CRTISO3, CYP97A, CHYB, ZEP2, CCD1-2. Based on these results, a network of the regulation of carotenoid metabolism by light in citrus fruits is preliminarily proposed. These results show that RL treatments have great potential to improve coloration and nutritional quality of citrus fruits. Grapefruits ripened in red light-transmitting bags have 62% more carotenoid content than those ripened in natural light, leading to better coloration and higher nutritional quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulian Huang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Linping Hu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Wenbin Kong
- Chongqing Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Chongqing, 401121, China
| | - Can Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Wanpeng Xi
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
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16
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Zhang P, Jiang S, Dai Y, Zhang Z, Senge M. Combined Treatment of Salinity Stress and Fruit Thinning Effect on Tomato. Front Nutr 2022; 9:857977. [PMID: 35425796 PMCID: PMC9002126 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.857977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This was an experimental investigation of the combined treatments of salinity (SAL) stress and fruit thinning (FT) on the growth, yield, fruit quality, and water use efficiency (WUE) of tomatoes with non-soil cultivation. The experiment was carried out in a plastic tunnel, Japan. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cv. Momotaro seedlings were transplanted in a randomized complete block (RCB) manner with six plants/treatment, and an overall 36 plants in 18 pots (2 plants/pot). The experiment involved varying SAL treatment (no-SAL, moderate SAL, and serious SAL, with electroconductivity of 0.8, 3.0, and 4.5 dS m−1, separately) and FT treatment (NT: no thinning and 3FT: three-fruit treatment). The tomato growth, yield, and WUE were significantly suppressed with increasing SAL. In comparison, FT treatment had less effect on tomato growth and water consumption. Either SAL stress or FT treatment significantly improved fruit quality. The combined treatment proved better than single treatment of either SAL stress or FT, avoided the subsize fruit following SAL stress treatment, reduced fruit cracking found with FT treatment, and greatly improved fruit quality. The SAL thresholds of WUEs in relation to biomass, yield, and marketable yield were approximately 3.0 dS m−1 under these soilless conditions. Path analysis showed that biomass and water consumption were important indexes affecting yield. Logistic equation fitting showed that SAL stress tended to inhibit and delay plant growth; however, FT tended to advance and shorten the period of plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- School of Geography Science, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, China
- Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, China
- *Correspondence: Pengfei Zhang
| | - Shuqin Jiang
- Eurofins Technology Service (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Dai
- School of Geography Science, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, China
- Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Zhaorui Zhang
- School of Geography Science, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Masateru Senge
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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17
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Profiling carotenoid and sugar contents in unique Cucumis melo L. cultigens harvested from different climatic regions of the United States. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Sathasivam R, Bong SJ, Park CH, Kim JH, Kim JK, Park SU. Identification, Characterization, and Expression Analysis of Carotenoid Biosynthesis Genes and Carotenoid Accumulation in Watercress ( Nasturtium officinale R. Br.). ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:430-442. [PMID: 35036712 PMCID: PMC8756599 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) is an important aquatic herb species belonging to the Brassicaceae family. It has various medicinal properties and has been utilized for the treatment of cancer and other diseases; however, currently available genomic information regarding this species is limited. Here, we performed the first comprehensive analysis of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway (CBP) genes of N. officinale, which were identified from next-generation sequencing data. We identified and characterized 11 putative carotenoid pathway genes; among these, nine full and two partial open reading frames were determined. These genes were closely related to CBP genes of the other higher plants in the phylogenetic tree. Three-dimensional structure analysis and multiple alignments revealed several distinct conserved motifs, including aspartate or glutamate residues, carotene-binding motifs, and dinucleotide-binding motifs. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction results showed that the CBP was expressed in a tissue-specific manner: expression levels of NoPSY, NoPDS, NoZDS-p, NoCrtISO, NoLCYE, NoCHXE-p, and NoCCD were highest in the flower, whereas NoLCYB, NoCHXB, NoZEP, and NoNCED were highest in the leaves. Stems, roots, and seeds did not show a significant change in the expression compared to the leaves and flowers. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the same organs showed the presence of seven distinct carotenoid compounds. The total carotenoid content was highest in the leaves followed by flowers, seeds, stems, and roots. Among the seven individual carotenoids, the levels of six carotenoids (i.e., 13-Z-β-carotene, 9-Z-β-carotene, E-β-carotene, lutein, violaxanthin, and β-cryptoxanthin) were highest in the leaves. The highest content was observed for lutein, followed by E-β-carotene, and 9-Z-β-carotene; these carotenoids were much higher in the leaves compared to the other organs. The results will be useful references for further molecular genetics and functional studies involving this species and other closely related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramaraj Sathasivam
- Department
of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ju Bong
- Department
of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ha Park
- Department
of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Division
of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division
of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department
of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National
University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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19
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Petrović I, Savić S, Gricourt J, Causse M, Jovanović Z, Stikić R. Effect of long-term drought on tomato leaves: the impact on metabolic and antioxidative response. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2805-2817. [PMID: 35035137 PMCID: PMC8720120 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01102-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Water deficit triggers physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes in leaves that could be important for overall plant adaptive response and it can affect tomato yield and quality. To assess the influence of long-term moderate drought on leaves, four tomato accessions from MAGIC TOM populations were selected on the basis of their differences in fruit size and were grown in a glasshouse under control and water deficit conditions. Drought affected stomatal conductance more in large fruit genotypes compared to cherry genotypes and this could be related to higher abscisic acid (ABA) leaf content. Compared to large fruits, cherry tomato genotypes coped better with water stress by reducing leaf area and maintaining photochemical efficiency as important adaptive responses. Accumulation of soluble sugars in the cherry genotypes and organic acid in the leaves of the larger fruit genotypes indicated their role in the osmoregulation and the continuum of source/sink gradient under stress conditions. Long-term moderate drought induced upregulation of NCED gene in all four genotypes that was associated with ABA production. The increase in the expression of ZEP gene was found only in the LA1420 cherry genotype and indicated its possible role in the protection against photooxidative stress induced by prolonged water stress. In addition, upregulation of the APX genes, higher accumulation of vitamin C and total antioxidant capacity in cherry genotype leaves highlighted their greater adaptive response against long-term drought stress compared to larger fruit genotypes that could also reflect at fruit level. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01102-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Petrović
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slađana Savić
- Institute for Vegetable Crops, Karađorđeva 71, 11420 Smederevska Palanka, Serbia
| | | | | | - Zorica Jovanović
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Radmila Stikić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, Belgrade, Serbia
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20
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Effect of the Soil and Ripening Stage in Capsicum chinense var. Jaguar on the Content of Carotenoids and Vitamins. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7110442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of the ripening stage and type of soil on the concentration of carotenoids and vitamins in Habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.). Pepper plants were grown in two soils named according to the Mayan classification as: K’ankab lu’um (red soil) and Box lu’um (black soil). The results of two harvests at 320 and 334 PTD (post-transplant day) showed that the ripening stage exhibited a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the concentration of carotenoids and vitamins, while the effect of the soil type was negligible. The concentration of carotenoids decreases as the ripening process of the fruit takes place, with the highest concentration of lutein (49.47 ± 0.34 mg/100 g of dry mass), β-carotene (99.92 ± 0.69 mg/100 g of dry mass) and β-cryptoxanthin (20.93 ± 0.04 mg/100 g of dry mass) in the unripe peppers. The concentration of vitamins increases as the ripening process develops, with the highest concentration of Vitamin E (9.69 ± 0.02 mg/100 g of dry mass) and Vitamin C (119.44 ± 4.72 mg/100 g of dry mass) in the ripe peppers. This knowledge could be used to select the best ripening stage to harvest Habanero peppers according to the use of the pepper and to the needs of producers/company.
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21
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The Possibility of Using Paulownia elongata S. Y. Hu × Paulownia fortunei Hybrid for Phytoextraction of Toxic Elements from Post-Industrial Wastes with Biochar. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102049. [PMID: 34685857 PMCID: PMC8541643 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The potential of the Paulownia hybrid for the uptake and transport of 67 elements along with the physiological response of plants cultivated in highly contaminated post-industrial wastes (flotation tailings—FT, and mining sludge—MS) was investigated. Biochar (BR) was added to substrates to limit metal mobility and facilitate plant survival. Paulownia could effectively uptake and translocate B, Ca, K, P, Rb, Re and Ta. Despite severe growth retardation, chlorophyll biosynthesis was not depleted, while an increased carotenoid content was noted for plants cultivated in waste materials. In Paulownia leaves and roots hydroxybenzoic acids (C6-C1) were dominant phenolics, and hydroxycinnamic acids/phenylpropanoids (C6-C3) and flavonoids (C6-C3-C6) were also detected. Plant cultivation in wastes resulted in quantitative changes in the phenolic fraction, and a significant drop or total inhibition of particular phenolics. Cultivation in waste materials resulted in increased biosynthesis of malic and succinic acids in the roots of FT-cultivated plants, and malic and acetic acids in the case of MS/BR substrate. The obtained results indicate that the addition of biochar can support the adaptation of Paulownia seedlings growing on MS, however, in order to limit unfavorable changes in the plant, an optimal addition of waste is necessary.
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22
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Menkir A, Dieng I, Mengesha W, Meseka S, Maziya-Dixon B, Alamu OE, Bossey B, Muhyideen O, Ewool M, Coulibaly MM. Unravelling the Effect of Provitamin A Enrichment on Agronomic Performance of Tropical Maize Hybrids. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081580. [PMID: 34451625 PMCID: PMC8398423 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Maize is consumed in different traditional diets as a source of macro- and micro-nutrients across Africa. Significant investment has thus been made to develop maize with high provitamin A content to complement other interventions for alleviating vitamin A deficiencies. The current breeding focus on increasing β-carotene levels to develop biofortified maize may affect the synthesis of other beneficial carotenoids. The changes in carotenoid profiles, which are commonly affected by environmental factors, may also lead to a trade-off with agronomic performance. The present study was therefore conducted to evaluate provitamin A biofortified maize hybrids across diverse field environments. The results showed that the difference in accumulating provitamin A and other beneficial carotenoids across variable growing environments was mainly regulated by the genetic backgrounds of the hybrids. Many hybrids, accumulating more than 10 µg/g of provitamin A, produced higher grain yields (>3600 kg/ha) than the orange commercial maize hybrid (3051 kg/ha). These hybrids were also competitive, compared to the orange commercial maize hybrid, in accumulating lutein and zeaxanthins. Our study showed that breeding for enhanced provitamin A content had no adverse effect on grain yield in the biofortified hybrids evaluated in the regional trials. Furthermore, the results highlighted the possibility of developing broadly adapted hybrids containing high levels of beneficial carotenoids for commercialization in areas with variable maize growing conditions in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abebe Menkir
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, Ibadan PMP 5320, Nigeria; (I.D.); (W.M.); (S.M.); (B.M.-D.); (O.E.A.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ibnou Dieng
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, Ibadan PMP 5320, Nigeria; (I.D.); (W.M.); (S.M.); (B.M.-D.); (O.E.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Wende Mengesha
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, Ibadan PMP 5320, Nigeria; (I.D.); (W.M.); (S.M.); (B.M.-D.); (O.E.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Silvestro Meseka
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, Ibadan PMP 5320, Nigeria; (I.D.); (W.M.); (S.M.); (B.M.-D.); (O.E.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Bussie Maziya-Dixon
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, Ibadan PMP 5320, Nigeria; (I.D.); (W.M.); (S.M.); (B.M.-D.); (O.E.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Oladeji Emmanuel Alamu
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, Ibadan PMP 5320, Nigeria; (I.D.); (W.M.); (S.M.); (B.M.-D.); (O.E.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Bunmi Bossey
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, Ibadan PMP 5320, Nigeria; (I.D.); (W.M.); (S.M.); (B.M.-D.); (O.E.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Oyekunle Muhyideen
- Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria PMB 1044, Nigeria;
| | - Manfred Ewool
- Crop Research Institute, Kumasi P.O. Box 3789, Ghana;
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23
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López-Gámez G, Elez-Martínez P, Martín-Belloso O, Soliva-Fortuny R. Changes of carotenoid content in carrots after application of pulsed electric field treatments. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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24
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Karabulut I, Ozdemir IS, Koc TB, Sislioglu K, Gokbulut I, Saritepe Y. Changes in Compositional Properties during Fruit Development and On-Tree Ripening of Two Common Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) Cultivars. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100286. [PMID: 34212492 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the variations in some major primary (sugars and organic acids) and secondary (phenolics, β-carotene) metabolite contents during fruit development and ripening in two important apricot cultivars (Hacıhaliloğlu and Kabaaşı). The changes in the compositional properties of two apricot cultivars were monitored during fruit development with one-week intervals from 56 to 119 days after blossom. During fruit development, the contents of organic acids and phenolics decreased whereas that of sucrose and sorbitol increased. p-Coumaric acid was the only phenolic compound which increased in concentration during fruit development regardless of the cultivar. The content of the other phenolic compounds decreased in a cultivar-dependent manner. The β-carotene content of the cultivars showed distinct patterns of change such that 3 fold increase in β-carotene content of Kabaaşı cultivar was observed whereas the β-carotene content of the Hacıhaliloğlu cultivar did not show any significant change during fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Karabulut
- Department of Food Engineering, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim S Ozdemir
- TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Food Institute, P.O. Box 21, 41470, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Tugca B Koc
- Department of Food Engineering, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Kubra Sislioglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Fırat University, 23119, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Incilay Gokbulut
- Department of Food Engineering, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
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Medyouni I, Zouaoui R, Rubio E, Serino S, Ahmed HB, Bertin N. Effects of water deficit on leaves and fruit quality during the development period in tomato plant. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:1949-1960. [PMID: 33841813 PMCID: PMC8020918 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In nature, plants are often exposed to a multitude of environmental constraints that severely limit crop productivity. Water deficit is one of the factors that most affects agricultural production. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of water deficit on morphology, development, nutritional behavior, as well as chlorophyll fluorescence and certain important metabolic parameters (soluble sugars, organic acids, starch, carotenoid, and vitamin C) of the cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv Plovdiv). In this study, the water supply was reduced by 60% compared to control conditions. The conditions of water deficit showed that the size of the different organs (leaves, fruits) was reduced. A reduction in the number, width, and length of the leaves, respectively, 9%, 36%, and 37%, then the leaf surface was also observed. Reduction of fluorescence (Fo, Fm, and Fv) and total index performance were among the other symptoms of plants with water deficiency. For fruit, we observed a significant decrease in diameter, fresh weight, and moisture content during the cell division period, the cell expansion period, and the fruit ripening period. In contrast, the composition of the Plovdiv fruit changed only during cell division and expansion phase. On the other hand, the water deficit induces an increase in the total carotenoid and vitamin C content of the fruits.. Besides, water deficit induced a reduction of fruit size, moisture content, and production dry matter during different phases of development. Decrease levels of soluble sugars and organic acid but increase in vitamin C and carotenoid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibtissem Medyouni
- Laboratory of Plants Soil and Environment Interactions (LIPSE)Faculty of Sciences of TunisUniversity of Tunis El ManarTunisTunisia
- INRA—Centre d’AvignonUR1115 Plantes et Systèmes de Culture HorticolesAvignonFrance
| | - Refka Zouaoui
- Ecology and Sylvo‐Pastoral Improvement LaboratoryWater and Forests (INRGREF)National Research Institute of Rural EngineeringTunisTunisia
| | - Emilie Rubio
- INRA—Centre d’AvignonUR1115 Plantes et Systèmes de Culture HorticolesAvignonFrance
| | - Sylvie Serino
- INRA—Centre d’AvignonUR1115 Plantes et Systèmes de Culture HorticolesAvignonFrance
| | - Hela Ben Ahmed
- Laboratory of Plants Soil and Environment Interactions (LIPSE)Faculty of Sciences of TunisUniversity of Tunis El ManarTunisTunisia
| | - Nadia Bertin
- INRA—Centre d’AvignonUR1115 Plantes et Systèmes de Culture HorticolesAvignonFrance
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26
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Vijayakumar A, Shaji S, Beena R, Sarada S, Sajitha Rani T, Stephen R, Manju RV, Viji MM. High temperature induced changes in quality and yield parameters of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) and similarity coefficients among genotypes using SSR markers. Heliyon 2021; 7:e05988. [PMID: 33644434 PMCID: PMC7889828 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High temperature induced by climatic fluctuations are an important threat for plant growth, development and quality of agricultural produces. Adaptableness to environmental changes generally derives from a large set of genetic traits affecting physio-morphological, biochemical and agronomic parameters. Therefore, the identification of genotypes with higher yield and good quality parameters at high temperatures is becoming increasingly necessary for future breeding programs. Here, we analyzed the performance of different tomato genotypes grown under elevated temperatures in terms of yield and nutritional quality of the fruit. High temperature stress was induced from flower initiation to maturity stage by keeping the pots in a temperature controlled green house facility for 45 days. The quality and yield parameters were taken at the harvesting stage. Starch and soluble sugar concentration in the leaves of tomato genotypes showed significant reduction in its amount under heat stress. Titrable acidity (TA), total soluble solids (TSS) and ascorbic acid content of tomato fruits were highest under high temperature conditions compared to ambient condition but lycopene content decreased with rise in temperature. The yield attributes viz., number of fruits/plant, fruit set %, average fruit weight (g), yield per plant (g/plant) were significantly lower for Arka Saurabh, Arka Rakshak and Pusa Rohini when compared to other genotypes under study. Molecular characterization of selected 22 tomato genotypes were assessed using 25 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Phylogenetic tree was constructed by the unweighted neighbour-joining method (UPGMA) using NTSYSpc cluster analysis software. The Jaccard's similarity matrix was constructed using the SIMQUAL method using UPGMA algorithm in NTSYSpc. Jaccard's similarity matrix among these tomato genotypes ranged from a minimum of 0.22 to a maximum of 1 with an average genetic similarity of 0.67. Hence this study has importance in identifying genotypes that could maintain good quality and higher yield under high temperature condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrutha Vijayakumar
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Shanija Shaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - R Beena
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - S Sarada
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - T Sajitha Rani
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Roy Stephen
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - R V Manju
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - M M Viji
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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27
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Meza SLR, Egea I, Massaretto IL, Morales B, Purgatto E, Egea-Fernández JM, Bolarin MC, Flores FB. Traditional Tomato Varieties Improve Fruit Quality Without Affecting Fruit Yield Under Moderate Salt Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:587754. [PMID: 33304365 PMCID: PMC7701295 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.587754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Identification of tomato varieties able to exhibit higher accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites in their fruits is currently a main objective in tomato breeding. One tool to improve fruit quality is to cultivate the plants under salt stress, although improvement of fruit quality is generally accompanied by productivity losses. However, it is very interesting to implement strategies aiming at enhancing fruit quality of tomato by means of growing plants in moderate salt stress that allows for a sustainable fruit yield. The traditional tomato varieties adapted to the Mediterranean environmental constraints may be very attractive plant materials to achieve this goal, given the wide range of fruit quality traits because of their genetic diversity. Here, agronomic responses and fruit quality traits, including primary and secondary metabolites, were analyzed in fruits of two Mediterranean traditional tomato varieties named "Tomate Pimiento" ("TP") and "Muchamiel Aperado" ("MA") because of the pepper and pear shape of their fruits, using as reference the commercial cultivar "Moneymaker" ("MM"). Plants were grown without salt (control) and with moderate salt stress (50 mM NaCl), which did not affect fruit yield in any variety. "TP" is of great interest because of its high soluble solids content (SSC) in control, which is even higher in salt, whereas "MA" is very attractive because of its high Brix yield index (SSC × fruit yield), used as overall fruit quality measure. Similitude between both traditional varieties were found for primary metabolism, as they significantly increased sucrose contents compared with "MM" in red ripe fruits from plants in control and, especially, salt stress conditions. The most remarkable difference was the high constitutive levels of total amino acids in "TP" fruits, including the three major free amino acids found in tomato fruit, GABA, glutamate, and glutamine, which even increased under salinity. Regarding secondary metabolites, the most interesting change induced by salinity was the increase in α-tocopherol found in red ripe fruits of both "TP" and "MA." These results reveal the interest of traditional varieties as sources of genetic variation in breeding because of their improvement of tomato fruit quality without production losses under moderate salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia L. R. Meza
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Espinardo-Murcia, Spain
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabel Egea
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Espinardo-Murcia, Spain
| | - Isabel L. Massaretto
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Belén Morales
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Espinardo-Murcia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Purgatto
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - María C. Bolarin
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Espinardo-Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco B. Flores
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Espinardo-Murcia, Spain
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Agati G, Brunetti C, Fini A, Gori A, Guidi L, Landi M, Sebastiani F, Tattini M. Are Flavonoids Effective Antioxidants in Plants? Twenty Years of Our Investigation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1098. [PMID: 33182252 PMCID: PMC7695271 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether flavonoids play significant antioxidant roles in plants challenged by photooxidative stress of different origin has been largely debated over the last few decades. A critical review of the pertinent literature and our experimentation as well, based on a free-of-scale approach, support an important antioxidant function served by flavonoids in plants exposed to a wide range of environmental stressors, the significance of which increases with the severity of stress. On the other side, some questions need conclusive answers when the putative antioxidant functions of plant flavonoids are examined at the level of both the whole-cell and cellular organelles. This partly depends upon a conclusive, robust, and unbiased definition of "a plant antioxidant", which is still missing, and the need of considering the subcellular re-organization that occurs in plant cells in response to severe stress conditions. This likely makes our deterministic-based approach unsuitable to unveil the relevance of flavonoids as antioxidants in extremely complex biological systems, such as a plant cell exposed to an ever-changing stressful environment. This still poses open questions about how to measure the occurred antioxidant action of flavonoids. Our reasoning also evidences the need of contemporarily evaluating the changes in key primary and secondary components of the antioxidant defense network imposed by stress events of increasing severity to properly estimate the relevance of the antioxidant functions of flavonoids in an in planta situation. In turn, this calls for an in-depth analysis of the sub-cellular distribution of primary and secondary antioxidants to solve this still intricate matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Agati
- Institute of Applied Physics ‘Carrara’, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto F.no, I-50019 Florence, Italy;
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto F.no, Florence, Italy; (C.B.); (F.S.)
| | - Alessio Fini
- Department of Agriculural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, I-20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Antonella Gori
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, Sesto F.no, I-50019 Florence, Italy;
| | - Lucia Guidi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Federico Sebastiani
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto F.no, Florence, Italy; (C.B.); (F.S.)
| | - Massimiliano Tattini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto F.no, Florence, Italy; (C.B.); (F.S.)
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29
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Alves FRR, Lira BS, Pikart FC, Monteiro SS, Furlan CM, Purgatto E, Pascoal GB, Andrade SCDS, Demarco D, Rossi M, Freschi L. Beyond the limits of photoperception: constitutively active PHYTOCHROME B2 overexpression as a means of improving fruit nutritional quality in tomato. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:2027-2041. [PMID: 32068963 PMCID: PMC7540714 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Photoreceptor engineering has recently emerged as a means for improving agronomically beneficial traits in crop species. Despite the central role played by the red/far-red photoreceptor phytochromes (PHYs) in controlling fruit physiology, the applicability of PHY engineering for increasing fleshy fruit nutritional content remains poorly exploited. In this study, we demonstrated that the fruit-specific overexpression of a constitutively active GAF domain Tyr252 -to-His PHYB2 mutant version (PHYB2Y252H ) significantly enhances the accumulation of multiple health-promoting antioxidants in tomato fruits, without negative collateral consequences on vegetative development. Compared with the native PHYB2 overexpression, PHYB2Y252H -overexpressing lines exhibited more extensive increments in transcript abundance of genes associated with fruit plastid development, chlorophyll biosynthesis and metabolic pathways responsible for the accumulation of antioxidant compounds. Accordingly, PHYB2Y252H -overexpressing fruits developed more chloroplasts containing voluminous grana at the green stage and overaccumulated carotenoids, tocopherols, flavonoids and ascorbate in ripe fruits compared with both wild-type and PHYB2-overexpressing lines. The impacts of PHYB2 or PHYB2Y252H overexpression on fruit primary metabolism were limited to a slight promotion in lipid biosynthesis and reduction in sugar accumulation. Altogether, these findings indicate that mutation-based adjustments in PHY properties represent a valuable photobiotechnological tool for tomato biofortification, highlighting the potential of photoreceptor engineering for improving quality traits in fleshy fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Rocha Rodrigues Alves
- Departamento de BotânicaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
- Departamento de BotânicaUniversidade Federal de GoiásGoiásGOBrazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Eduardo Purgatto
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição ExperimentalUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Grazieli Benedetti Pascoal
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição ExperimentalUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
- Curso de Graduação em NutriçãoUniversidade Federal de UberlândiaMinas GeraisMGBrazil
| | | | - Diego Demarco
- Departamento de BotânicaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Magdalena Rossi
- Departamento de BotânicaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Luciano Freschi
- Departamento de BotânicaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
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30
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Pal S, Bhattacharjee P. Gamma irradiation of trilamellate packaged yellow corn (
Zea mays
) kernels enhances lutein content and shelf life. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayani Pal
- Department of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering Jadavpur University Kolkata India
| | - Paramita Bhattacharjee
- Department of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering Jadavpur University Kolkata India
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31
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Durán-Soria S, Pott DM, Osorio S, Vallarino JG. Sugar Signaling During Fruit Ripening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:564917. [PMID: 32983216 PMCID: PMC7485278 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.564917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Sugars play a key role in fruit quality, as they directly influence taste, and thus consumer acceptance. Carbohydrates are the main resources needed by the plant for carbon and energy supply and have been suggested to be involved in all the important developmental processes, including embryogenesis, seed germination, stress responses, and vegetative and reproductive growth. Recently, considerable progresses have been made in understanding regulation of fruit ripening mechanisms, based on the role of ethylene, auxins, abscisic acid, gibberellins, or jasmonic acid, in both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. However, the role of sugar and its associated molecular network with hormones in the control of fruit development and ripening is still poorly understood. In this review, we focus on sugar signaling mechanisms described up to date in fruits, describing their involvement in ripening-associated processes, such as pigments accumulation, and their association with hormone transduction pathways, as well as their role in stress-related responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sonia Osorio
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Málaga, Spain
| | - José G. Vallarino
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Málaga, Spain
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32
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Giampaoli P, Fernandes FF, Tavares AR, Domingos M, Cardoso-Gustavson P. Fluorescence emission spectra of target chloroplast metabolites (flavonoids, carotenoids, lipofuscins, pheophytins) as biomarkers of air pollutants and seasonal tropical climate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:25363-25373. [PMID: 32347483 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08646-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts have luminescent metabolites-chlorophyll being the most known one-whose fluorescence emission may be a useful tool to assess the physiological status of the plant. Some antioxidants (flavonoids and carotenoids), and byproducts of membrane rupture (lipofuscins) and chlorophyll degradation (pheophytins), are chloroplasts' fluorescent metabolites directly involved in plant response to environmental stressors and pollutants and may act as a biomarker of stress. Here we hypothesized that climatic variations and air pollutants induce alterations in the emission profile of chloroplasts' fluorescent metabolites in Tillandsia usneoides (Bromeliaceae). To test this hypothesis, an active biomonitoring study was performed during 2 years in five polluted sites located at the Metropolitan Region of Campinas (São Paulo State, Brazil), aiming to identify target chloroplasts' fluorescent metabolites acting as biomarkers of environmental stress. In situ identification and quantification of the intensity of the fluorescence emission from target metabolites (flavonoids, carotenoids, lipofuscins, and pheophytins) were performed by the observation of fresh leaf sections under confocal laser scanning microscopy. Changes in the profile of fluorescence emission were correlated with local climate and air pollution data. The fluorescence emissions of flavonoids and carotenoids varied seasonally, with significant influence of rainfall and NO2. Our results expand the use of T. usneoides as a bioindicator by using alterations in the fluorescence emission profile of chloroplast metabolites. This application may be especially interesting for NO2 biomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Giampaoli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, São Paulo, 04301-902, Brazil
| | - Francine Faia Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, São Paulo, 04301-902, Brazil
| | | | - Marisa Domingos
- Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, São Paulo, 04301-902, Brazil
| | - Poliana Cardoso-Gustavson
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Rua Arcturus 03, São Bernardo do Campo, 09606-070, Brazil.
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33
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Sujkowska-Rybkowska M, Muszyńska E, Labudda M. Structural Adaptation and Physiological Mechanisms in the Leaves of Anthyllis vulneraria L. from Metallicolous and Non-Metallicolous Populations. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E662. [PMID: 32456189 PMCID: PMC7284905 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Calamine wastes highly contaminated with trace metals (TMs) are spontaneously inhabited by a legume plant Anthyllis vulneraria L. This study determined an adaptation strategy of metallicolous (M) A. vulneraria and compared it with that of the non-metallicolous (NM) ecotype. We hypothesized that TMs may lead to (i) leaf apoplast modifications and (ii) changes in the antioxidant machinery efficiency that facilitate plant growth under severe contamination. To verify our hypothesis, we implemented immunolabelling, transmission electron microscopy and biochemical measurements. NM leaves were larger and thicker compared to the M ecotype. Microscopic analysis of M leaves showed a lack of dysfunctions in mesophyll cells exposed to TMs. However, changes in apoplast composition and thickening of the mesophyll and epidermal cell walls in these plants were observed. Thick walls were abundant in xyloglucan, pectins, arabinan, arabinogalactan protein and extensin. The tested ecotypes differed also in their physiological responses. The metallicolous ecotype featured greater accumulation of photosynthetic pigments, enhanced activity of superoxide dismutase and increased content of specific phenol groups in comparison with the NM one. Despite this, radical scavenging activity at the level of 20% was similar in M and NM ecotypes, which may implicate effective reduction of oxidative stress in M plants. In summary, our results confirmed hypotheses and suggest that TMs induced cell wall modifications of leaves, which may play a role in metal stress avoidance in Anthyllis species. However, when TMs reach the protoplast, activation of antioxidant machinery may significantly strengthen the status of plants naturally growing in TM-polluted environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Sujkowska-Rybkowska
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Building 37, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ewa Muszyńska
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Building 37, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Labudda
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Building 37, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
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34
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González-Gordo S, Rodríguez-Ruiz M, Palma JM, Corpas FJ. Superoxide Radical Metabolism in Sweet Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) Fruits Is Regulated by Ripening and by a NO-Enriched Environment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:485. [PMID: 32477380 PMCID: PMC7240112 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide radical (O2 •-) is involved in numerous physiological and stress processes in higher plants. Fruit ripening encompasses degradative and biosynthetic pathways including reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. With the use of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruits at different ripening stages and under a nitric oxide (NO)-enriched environment, the metabolism of O2 •- was evaluated at biochemical and molecular levels considering the O2 •- generation by a NADPH oxidase system and its dismutation by superoxide dismutase (SOD). At the biochemical level, seven O2 •--generating NADPH-dependent oxidase isozymes [also called respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs) I-VII], with different electrophoretic mobility and abundance, were detected considering all ripening stages from green to red fruits and NO environment. Globally, this system was gradually increased from green to red stage with a maximum of approximately 2.4-fold increase in red fruit compared with green fruit. Significantly, breaking-point (BP) fruits with and without NO treatment both showed intermediate values between those observed in green and red peppers, although the value in NO-treated fruits was lower than in BP untreated fruits. The O2 •--generating NADPH oxidase isozymes I and VI were the most affected. On the other hand, four SOD isozymes were identified by non-denaturing electrophoresis: one Mn-SOD, one Fe-SOD, and two CuZn-SODs. However, none of these SOD isozymes showed any significant change during the ripening from green to red fruits or under NO treatment. In contrast, at the molecular level, both RNA-sequencing and real-time quantitative PCR analyses revealed different patterns with downregulation of four genes RBOH A, C, D, and E during pepper fruit ripening. On the contrary, it was found out the upregulation of a Mn-SOD gene in the ripening transition from immature green to red ripe stages, whereas a Fe-SOD gene was downregulated. In summary, the data reveal a contradictory behavior between activity and gene expression of the enzymes involved in the metabolism of O2 •- during the ripening of pepper fruit. However, it could be concluded that the prevalence and regulation of the O2 •- generation system (NADPH oxidase-like) seem to be essential for an appropriate control of the pepper fruit ripening, which, additionally, is modulated in the presence of a NO-enriched environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francisco J. Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Granada, Spain
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35
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Vítek P, Veselá B, Klem K. Spatial and Temporal Variability of Plant Leaf Responses Cascade after PSII Inhibition: Raman, Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Infrared Thermal Imaging. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E1015. [PMID: 32069965 PMCID: PMC7070318 DOI: 10.3390/s20041015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of photosystem II (PSII) inhibitors allows simulating cascade of defense and damage responses, including the oxidative stress. In our study, PSII inhibiting herbicide metribuzin was applied to the leaf of the model plant species Chenopodium album. The temporally and spatially resolved cascade of defense responses was studied noninvasively at the leaf level by combining three imaging approaches: Raman spectroscopy as a principal method, corroborated by chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) and infrared thermal imaging. ChlF imaging show time-dependent transport in acropetal direction through veins and increase of area affected by metribuzin and demonstrated the ability to distinguish between fast processes at the level of electron transport (1 - Vj) from slow processes at the level of non-photochemical energy dissipation (NPQ) or maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm). The high-resolution resonance Raman images show zones of local increase of carotenoid signal 72 h after the herbicide application, surrounding the damaged tissue, which points to the activation of defense mechanisms. The shift in the carotenoid band indicates structural changes in carotenoids. Finally, the increase of leaf temperature in the region surrounding the spot of herbicide application and expanding in the direction to the leaf tip proves the metribuzin effect on slow stomata closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Vítek
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (B.V.); (K.K.)
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Samuolienė G, Viršilė A, Miliauskienė J, Haimi PJ, Laužikė K, Brazaitytė A, Duchovskis P. The Physiological Response of Lettuce to Red and Blue Light Dynamics Over Different Photoperiods. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:610174. [PMID: 33643330 PMCID: PMC7907654 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.610174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dynamic red and blue light parameters on the physiological responses and key metabolites in lettuce and also the subsequent impact of varying light spectra on nutritive value. We explored the metabolic changes in carotenes, xanthophylls, soluble sugars, organic acids, and antioxidants; the response of photosynthetic indices [photosynthetic (Pr) and transpiration (Tr) rates]; and the intracellular to ambient CO2 concentration ratios (C i /C a ) in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. "Lobjoits Green Cos"). They were cultivated under constant (con) or parabolic (dyn) blue (B, 452 nm) and/or red (R, 662 nm) light-emitting diode (LED) photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFDs) at 12, 16, and 20 h photoperiods, maintaining consistent daily light integrals (DLIs) for each light component in all treatments, at 2.3 and 9.2 mol m-2 per day for blue and red light, respectively. The obtained results and principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed a significant impact of the light spectrum, photoperiod, and parabolic profiles of PPFD on the physiological response of lettuce. The 16 h photoperiod resulted in significantly higher content of xanthophylls (neoxanthin, violaxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin) in lettuce leaves under both constant and parabolic blue light treatments (BconRdyn 16 h and BdynRdyn 16 h, respectively). Lower PPFD levels under a 20 h photoperiod (BdynRdyn 20 h) as well as higher PPFD levels under a 12 h photoperiod (BdynRdyn 12 h) had a pronounced impact on leaf gas exchange indices (Pr, Tr, C i /C a ), xanthophylls, soluble sugar contents, and antioxidant properties of lettuce leaves. The parabolic PPFD lighting profile over a 16 h photoperiod (BdynRdyn 16 h) led to a significant decrease in C i /C a , which resulted in decreased Pr and Tr, compared with constant blue or red light treatments with the same photoperiod (BconRdyn and BdynRcon 16 h). Additionally, constant blue lighting produced higher α + β-carotene and anthocyanin (ARI) content and increased carotenoid to chlorophyll ratio (CRI) but decreased biomass accumulation and antioxidant activity.
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Al Khalaf A, Issa R, Khattabi A. Content of Vitamin C, Phenols and Carotenoids Extracted from Capsicum annuum with Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Coloring Effects. Pak J Biol Sci 2020; 23:1154-1161. [PMID: 32981246 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2020.1154.1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Capsicum annuum is considered a good source of various natural compounds. The current study aimed to assess the vitamin C and total phenolic and carotenoid contents in C. annuum using standard methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS Microwave and Soxhlet extraction by using water and acetone were used to extract vitamin C and phenols. Saponification extraction was used to extract carotenoids. The antioxidant activities of each extract were assessed using a DPPH assay. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MIC and MBC) against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were determined using the broth microdilution method. The coloring capacity for the acetone extract was evaluated and determined using glass wool fiber at different concentrations and then used in the formulation of multivitamin hard candy. RESULTS The acetone extract showed the highest phenol and vitamin C content (1.03±0.02 and 9.7±1.3 mg mL-1, respectively), antioxidant activity (67.12±3.8 mg mL-1) and MIC and MBC of 0.96 and 1.88 mg mL-1 against E. coli and 3.75 and 7.5 mg mL-1 against S. aureus. It also showed an intense orange shade on wool fiber and on the prepared multivitamin candy at concentrations of 6 and 0.5% (w/w), respectively. Saponifications of the acetone extract yield (23.49±0.13 μg g-1) of carotenoids. CONCLUSION The prepared acetone extract of C. annuum stands as a potential pharmaceutical additive, which can be used as coloring and preservative agents in the formulation of kids multi-vitamin candy.
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Integrated proteomic and metabolomic analysis suggests high rates of glycolysis are likely required to support high carotenoid accumulation in banana pulp. Food Chem 2019; 297:125016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Roberts DP, Mattoo AK. Sustainable Crop Production Systems and Human Nutrition. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2019.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Cuéllar-Cepeda FA, Parra-Galindo MA, Urquijo J, Restrepo-Sánchez LP, Mosquera-Vásquez T, Narváez-Cuenca CE. Influence of genotype, agro-climatic conditions, cooking method, and their interactions on individual carotenoids and hydroxycinnamic acids contents in tubers of diploid potatoes. Food Chem 2019; 288:127-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Life after Harvest: Circadian Regulation in Photosynthetic Pigments of Rocket Leaves during Supermarket Storage Affects the Nutritional Quality. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071519. [PMID: 31277441 PMCID: PMC6682859 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetables, once harvested and stored on supermarket shelves, continue to perform biochemical adjustments due to their modular nature and their ability to retain physiological autonomy. They can live after being harvested. In particular, the content of some essential nutraceuticals, such as carotenoids, can be altered in response to environmental or internal stimuli. Therefore, in the present study, we wondered whether endogenous rhythms continue to operate in commercial vegetables and if so, whether vegetable nutritional quality could be altered by such cycles. Our experimental model consisted of rocket leaves entrained under light/darkness cycles of 12/12 h over 3 days, and then we examined free-run oscillations for 2 days under continuous light or continuous darkness, which led to chlorophyll and carotenoid oscillations in both constant conditions. Given the importance of preserving food quality, the existence of such internal rhythms during continuous conditions may open new research perspective in nutrition science. However, while chromatographic techniques employed to determine pigment composition are accurate, they are also time-consuming and expensive. Here we propose for the first time an alternative method to estimate pigment content and the nutritional quality by the use of non-destructive and in situ optical techniques. These results are promising for nutritional quality assessments.
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D'Amelia V, Raiola A, Carputo D, Filippone E, Barone A, Rigano MM. A basic Helix-Loop-Helix (SlARANCIO), identified from a Solanum pennellii introgression line, affects carotenoid accumulation in tomato fruits. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3699. [PMID: 30842571 PMCID: PMC6403429 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoid accumulation in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruits is influenced by environmental stimuli and hormonal signals. However, information on the relative regulatory mechanisms are scanty since many molecular players of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway are still unknown. Here, we reported a basic Helix-Loop-Helix transcription factor, named SlARANCIO (SlAR), whose silencing influences carotenoid accumulation in tomato fruits. The SlAR gene was found in the S. pennellii introgression line (IL) 12-4SL that holds the carotenoid QTL lyc12.1. We observed that the presence of the wild region in a cultivated genetic background led to a decrease in total carotenoid content of IL12-4SL fruits. To get insights into the function of SlAR, a quick reverse genetic approach was carried out. Virus-induced gene silencing of SlAR in S. lycopersicum M82 and MicroTom fruits reproduced the same phenotype observed in IL12-4SL, i.e. decreased content of lycopene and total carotenoids. Vice versa, the overexpression of SlAR in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves increased the content of total carotenoids and chlorophylls. Our results, combined with public transcriptomic data, highly suggest that SlAR acts indirectly on the carotenoid pathway and advances current knowledge on the molecular regulators controlling lyc12.1 and, potentially, precursors of carotenoid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo D'Amelia
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Assunta Raiola
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Domenico Carputo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Edgardo Filippone
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Amalia Barone
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Maria Manuela Rigano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055, Italy.
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Esteban R, Buezo J, Becerril JM, García-Plazaola JI. Modified Atmosphere Packaging and Dark/Light Refrigerated Storage in Green Leafy Vegetables Have an Impact on Nutritional Value. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 74:99-106. [PMID: 30610553 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-018-0705-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of zeaxanthin (Z) through a vegetable-rich diet is recommended to reduce the progression of age-related macular degeneration. Due to Z's intrinsic dynamic character that results from its participation in the photoprotective xanthophyll cycle involving the carotenoids violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin (VAZ), post-harvest handling practices and storage usually retain low amounts of this bioactive compound (compared to the rest of phytochemicals that are, in general, more stable). Thus, the aim of this work was to investigate in important consumed leafy vegetables the effects of different storage conditions on carotenoids (mainly Z) including i) packaging under three modified atmospheres (MAs), ii) light refrigerated supermarket storage and iii) dark refrigerated domestic storage. The results showed that an MA with low O2 and high CO2 enhanced the Z content under light. Moreover, both light and dark refrigerated storage showed dynamic and circadian pigment changes that enhanced the total VAZ pool. These results can contribute to generating practical recommendations for industries, supermarkets, and consumers when high Z content is a nutritional target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Esteban
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), c/Sarriena s/n; apdo, 644 48080, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Javier Buezo
- Departament of Sciences-Institute of Multidisciplinary Applied Biology Research (IMAB), Public University of Navarre, Mutilva, Spain
| | - José M Becerril
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), c/Sarriena s/n; apdo, 644 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - José I García-Plazaola
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), c/Sarriena s/n; apdo, 644 48080, Bilbao, Spain
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Sun Y, Fan M, He Y. Transcriptome Analysis of Watermelon Leaves Reveals Candidate Genes Responsive to Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030610. [PMID: 30708960 PMCID: PMC6387395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) is a member of the genus Tobamovirus, which cause diseases in cucurbits, especially watermelon. In watermelon, symptoms develop on the whole plant, including leaves, stems, peduncles, and fruit. To better understand the molecular mechanisms of watermelon early responses to CGMMV infection, a comparative transcriptome analysis of 24 h CGMMV-infected and mock-inoculated watermelon leaves was performed. A total of 1641 differently expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, with 886 DEGs upregulated and 755 DEGs downregulated after CGMMV infection. A functional analysis indicated that the DEGs were involved in photosynthesis, plant⁻pathogen interactions, secondary metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction. In addition, a few transcription factor families, including WRKY, MYB, HLH, bZIP and NAC, were responsive to the CGMMV-induced stress. To confirm the high-throughput sequencing results, 15 DEGs were validated by qRT-PCR analysis. The results provide insights into the identification of candidate genes or pathways involved in the responses of watermelon leaves to CGMMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Sun
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Min Fan
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Yanjun He
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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Toscano S, Trivellini A, Cocetta G, Bulgari R, Francini A, Romano D, Ferrante A. Effect of Preharvest Abiotic Stresses on the Accumulation of Bioactive Compounds in Horticultural Produce. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1212. [PMID: 31636647 PMCID: PMC6788460 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The quality of horticultural products is the result of the interaction of different factors, including grower's crop management ability, genotype, and environment. Sub-optimal environmental conditions during plant growth can induce abiotic stresses and reduce the crop performance with yield reduction and quality losses. However, abiotic stresses can induce several physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses in plants, aiming to cope with the stressful conditions. It is well known that these abiotic stresses are also elicitors of the biosynthesis of many metabolites in plants, including a wide range of bioactive compounds, which firstly serve as functional molecules for crop adaptation, but they have also a great interest for their beneficial effects on human health. Nowadays, the consumer is oriented to low-energy foods with low fat content, but at the same time, growing attention is paid to the presence of bioactive molecules, which are recognized as health-related compounds and concur to the nutraceutical value of plant-derived foods. In this context, fruit and vegetables play an important role as sources of bioactive ingredients in the diet. At the cultivation level, the understanding of crop responses to abiotic stresses and how they act in the biosynthesis/accumulation of these bioactive compounds is crucial. In fact, controlled abiotic stresses can be used as tools for improving the nutraceutical value of fruit and vegetables. This review focuses on the quality of vegetables and fruits as affected by preharvest abiotic stressors, with particular attention to the effect on the nutraceutical aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Toscano
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alice Trivellini
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Cocetta
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giacomo Cocetta,
| | - Roberta Bulgari
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Romano
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Ferrante
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Beauvoit B, Belouah I, Bertin N, Cakpo CB, Colombié S, Dai Z, Gautier H, Génard M, Moing A, Roch L, Vercambre G, Gibon Y. Putting primary metabolism into perspective to obtain better fruits. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 122:1-21. [PMID: 29718072 PMCID: PMC6025238 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Background One of the key goals of fruit biology is to understand the factors that influence fruit growth and quality, ultimately with a view to manipulating them for improvement of fruit traits. Scope Primary metabolism, which is not only essential for growth but is also a major component of fruit quality, is an obvious target for improvement. However, metabolism is a moving target that undergoes marked changes throughout fruit growth and ripening. Conclusions Agricultural practice and breeding have successfully improved fruit metabolic traits, but both face the complexity of the interplay between development, metabolism and the environment. Thus, more fundamental knowledge is needed to identify further strategies for the manipulation of fruit metabolism. Nearly two decades of post-genomics approaches involving transcriptomics, proteomics and/or metabolomics have generated a lot of information about the behaviour of fruit metabolic networks. Today, the emergence of modelling tools is providing the opportunity to turn this information into a mechanistic understanding of fruits, and ultimately to design better fruits. Since high-quality data are a key requirement in modelling, a range of must-have parameters and variables is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isma Belouah
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | | | | | - Sophie Colombié
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Zhanwu Dai
- UMR 1287 EGFV, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sci Agro, F-Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | | | | | - Annick Moing
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Léa Roch
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | | | - Yves Gibon
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
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Corpas FJ, Freschi L, Rodríguez-Ruiz M, Mioto PT, González-Gordo S, Palma JM. Nitro-oxidative metabolism during fruit ripening. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3449-3463. [PMID: 29304200 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), which belong to the Solanaceae family, are among the most cultivated and consumed fleshy fruits worldwide and constitute excellent sources of many essential nutrients, such as vitamins A, C, and E, calcium, and carotenoids. While fruit ripening is a highly regulated and complex process, tomato and pepper have been classified as climacteric and non-climacteric fruits, respectively. These fruits differ greatly in shape, color composition, flavor, and several other features which undergo drastic changes during the ripening process. Such ripening-related metabolic and developmental changes require extensive alterations in many cellular and biochemical processes, which ultimately leads to fully ripe fruits with nutritional and organoleptic features that are attractive to both natural dispersers and human consumers. Recent data show that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are involved in fruit ripening, during which molecules, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), NADPH, nitric oxide (NO), peroxynitrite (ONOO-), and S-nitrosothiols (SNOs), interact to regulate protein functions through post-translational modifications. In light of these recent discoveries, this review provides an update on the nitro-oxidative metabolism during the ripening of two of the most economically important fruits, discusses the signaling roles played by ROS/RNS in controlling this complex physiological process, and highlights the potential biotechnological applications of these substances to promote further improvements in fruit ripening regulation and nutritional quality. In addition, we suggest that the term 'nitro-oxidative eustress' with regard to fruit ripening would be more appropriate than nitro-oxidative stress, which ultimately favors the consolidation of the plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Granada, Spain
| | - Luciano Freschi
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Ruiz
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Granada, Spain
| | - Paulo T Mioto
- Department of Botany, Biological Sciences Center, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, s/n, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Salvador González-Gordo
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Granada, Spain
| | - José M Palma
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Granada, Spain
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Saini RK, Keum YS. Significance of Genetic, Environmental, and Pre- and Postharvest Factors Affecting Carotenoid Contents in Crops: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:5310-5324. [PMID: 29745660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are a diverse group of tetraterpenoid pigments that play indispensable roles in plants and animals. The biosynthesis of carotenoids in plants is strictly regulated at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in accordance with inherited genetic signals and developmental requirements and in response to external environmental stimulants. The alteration in the biosynthesis of carotenoids under the influence of external environmental stimulants, such as high light, drought, salinity, and chilling stresses, has been shown to significantly influence the nutritional value of crop plants. In addition to these stimulants, several pre- and postharvesting cultivation practices significantly influence carotenoid compositions and contents. Thus, this review discusses how various environmental stimulants and pre- and postharvesting factors can be positively modulated for the enhanced biosynthesis and accumulation of carotenoids in the edible parts of crop plants, such as the leaves, roots, tubers, flowers, fruit, and seeds. In addition, future research directions in this context are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Crop Science , Konkuk University , Seoul 143-701 , Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Keum
- Department of Crop Science , Konkuk University , Seoul 143-701 , Republic of Korea
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Rygula A, Oleszkiewicz T, Grzebelus E, Pacia MZ, Baranska M, Baranski R. Raman, AFM and SNOM high resolution imaging of carotene crystals in a model carrot cell system. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 197:47-55. [PMID: 29402560 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Three non-destructive and complementary techniques, Raman imaging, Atomic Force Microscopy and Scanning Near-field Optical Microscopy were used simultaneously to show for the first time chemical and structural differences of carotenoid crystals. Spectroscopic and microscopic scanning probe measurements were applied to the released crystals or to crystals accumulated in a unique, carotenoids rich callus tissue growing in vitro that is considered as a new model system for plant carotenoid research. Three distinct morphological crystal types of various carotenoid composition were identified, a needle-like, rhomboidal and helical. Raman imaging using 532 and 488 nm excitation lines provided evidence that the needle-like and rhomboidal crystals had similar carotenoid composition and that they were composed mainly of β-carotene accompanied by α-carotene. However, the presence of α-carotene was not identified in the helical crystals, which had the characteristic spatial structure. AFM measurements of crystals identified by Raman imaging revealed the crystal topography and showed the needle-like and rhomboidal crystals were planar but they differed in all three dimensions. Combining SNOM and Raman imaging enabled indication of carotenoid rich structures and visualised their distribution in the cell. The morphology of identified subcellular structures was characteristic for crystalline, membraneous and tubular chromoplasts that are plant organelles responsible for carotenoid accumulation in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rygula
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Oleszkiewicz
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, AL. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Grzebelus
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, AL. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Z Pacia
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Baranska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Rafal Baranski
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, AL. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland.
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50
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Jovanovic Z, Stikic R. Partial Root-Zone Drying Technique: from Water Saving to the Improvement of a Fruit Quality. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2017.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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