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Sugawara H, Date A, Fuke S, Nakachi Y, Kato T, Narita M, Bundo M, Iwamoto K. Quantification of cytosine modifications in the aged mouse brain. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2024; 44:250-255. [PMID: 38058257 PMCID: PMC10932792 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantifying cytosine modifications in various brain regions provides important insights into the gene expression regulation and pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. In this study, we quantified 5-methylcytosine (5-mC), 5-hydroxymethylation (5-hmC), and 5-formylcytosine (5-fC) levels in five brain regions (the frontal lobe, cerebral cortical region without frontal lobe, hippocampus, basal ganglia, and the cerebellum) and the heart at three developmental periods (12, 48, and 101 weeks). We observed significant regional variations in cytosine modification. Notably, regional variations were generally maintained throughout development, suggesting that epigenetic regulation is unique to each brain region and remains relatively stable with age. The 5-mC and 5-hmC levels were positively correlated, although the extent of the correlations seemed to differ in different brain regions. On the contrary, 5-fC levels did not correlate with 5-mC or 5-hmC levels. Additionally, we observed an age-dependent decrease in 5-fC levels in the basal ganglia, suggesting a unique epigenetic regulation mechanism. Further high-resolution studies using animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders as well as postmortem brain evaluation are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Sugawara
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineFukuoka UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of PsychiatryKansai Rosai HospitalAmagasakiJapan
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Akitoshi Date
- Department of PharmacologyHoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesTokyoJapan
| | - Satoshi Fuke
- Lab for Molecular Dynamics of Mental DisordersRIKEN Center for Brain ScienceWakoJapan
- Research Unit/NeuroscienceSohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma CorporationYokohamaJapan
| | - Yutaka Nakachi
- Department of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Tadafumi Kato
- Lab for Molecular Dynamics of Mental DisordersRIKEN Center for Brain ScienceWakoJapan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavior Science, Graduate School of MedicineJuntendo UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Minoru Narita
- Department of PharmacologyHoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesTokyoJapan
| | - Miki Bundo
- Lab for Molecular Dynamics of Mental DisordersRIKEN Center for Brain ScienceWakoJapan
- Department of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Kazuya Iwamoto
- Lab for Molecular Dynamics of Mental DisordersRIKEN Center for Brain ScienceWakoJapan
- Department of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
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2
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Bhuvaneshwar K, Gusev Y. Translational bioinformatics and data science for biomarker discovery in mental health: an analytical review. Brief Bioinform 2024; 25:bbae098. [PMID: 38493340 PMCID: PMC10944574 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbae098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Translational bioinformatics and data science play a crucial role in biomarker discovery as it enables translational research and helps to bridge the gap between the bench research and the bedside clinical applications. Thanks to newer and faster molecular profiling technologies and reducing costs, there are many opportunities for researchers to explore the molecular and physiological mechanisms of diseases. Biomarker discovery enables researchers to better characterize patients, enables early detection and intervention/prevention and predicts treatment responses. Due to increasing prevalence and rising treatment costs, mental health (MH) disorders have become an important venue for biomarker discovery with the goal of improved patient diagnostics, treatment and care. Exploration of underlying biological mechanisms is the key to the understanding of pathogenesis and pathophysiology of MH disorders. In an effort to better understand the underlying mechanisms of MH disorders, we reviewed the major accomplishments in the MH space from a bioinformatics and data science perspective, summarized existing knowledge derived from molecular and cellular data and described challenges and areas of opportunities in this space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krithika Bhuvaneshwar
- Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics (ICBI), Georgetown University, Washington DC, 20007, USA
| | - Yuriy Gusev
- Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics (ICBI), Georgetown University, Washington DC, 20007, USA
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3
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Sakhawat A, Khan MU, Rehman R, Khan S, Shan MA, Batool A, Javed MA, Ali Q. Natural compound targeting BDNF V66M variant: insights from in silico docking and molecular analysis. AMB Express 2023; 13:134. [PMID: 38015338 PMCID: PMC10684480 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01640-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin gene family gene that encodes proteins vital for the growth, maintenance, and survival of neurons in the nervous system. The study aimed to screen natural compounds against BDNF variant (V66M), which affects memory, cognition, and mood regulation. BDNF variant (V66M) as a target structure was selected, and Vitamin D, Curcumin, Vitamin C, and Quercetin as ligands structures were taken from PubChem database. Multiple tools like AUTODOCK VINA, BIOVIA discovery studio, PyMOL, CB-dock, IMOD server, Swiss ADEMT, and Swiss predict ligands target were used to analyze binding energy, interaction, stability, toxicity, and visualize BDNF-ligand complexes. Compounds Vitamin D3, Curcumin, Vitamin C, and Quercetin with binding energies values of - 5.5, - 6.1, - 4.5, and - 6.7 kj/mol, respectively, were selected. The ligands bind to the active sites of the BDNF variant (V66M) via hydrophobic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and electrostatic interactions. Furthermore, ADMET analysis of the ligands revealed they exhibited sound pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles. In addition, an MD simulation study showed that the most active ligand bound favorably and dynamically to the target protein, and protein-ligand complex stability was determined. The finding of this research could provide an excellent platform for discovering and rationalizing novel drugs against stress related to BDNF (V66M). Docking, preclinical drug testing and MD simulation results suggest Quercetin as a more potent BDNF variant (V66M) inhibitor and forming a more structurally stable complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azra Sakhawat
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umer Khan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Raima Rehman
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Samiullah Khan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan Shan
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Alia Batool
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad Javed
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Qurban Ali
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Zhang S, Shi K, Lyu N, Zhang Y, Liang G, Zhang W, Wang X, Wen H, Wen L, Ma H, Wang J, Yu X, Guan L. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis in families with multiple individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and intellectual disability. World J Biol Psychiatry 2023; 24:741-753. [PMID: 37017099 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2023.2198595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Schizophrenia (SZ) and intellectual disability (ID) are both included in the continuum of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). DNA methylation is known to be important in the occurrence of NDDs. The family study is conducive to eliminate the effects of relative epigenetic backgrounds, and to screen for differentially methylated positions (DMPs) and regions (DMRs) that are truly associated with NDDs. METHODS Four monozygotic twin families were recruited, and both twin individuals suffered from NDDs (either SZ, ID, or SZ plus ID). Genome-wide methylation analysis was performed in all samples and each family. DMPs and DMRs between NDD patients and unaffected individuals were identified. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed on the annotated genes. RESULTS Two significant DMPs annotated to CYP2E1 were found in all samples. In Family One, 1476 DMPs mapped to 880 genes, and 162 DMRs overlapping with 153 unique genes were recognised. Our results suggested that the altered methylation levels of FYN, STAT3, RAC1, and NR4A2 were associated with the development of SZ and ID. Neurodevelopment and the immune system may participate in the occurrence of SZ and ID. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that DNA methylation participated in the development of NDDs by affecting neurodevelopment and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengmin Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyu Shi
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nan Lyu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, The National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders, The Advanced Innovation Centre for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunshu Zhang
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Hebei Province, Hebei Mental Health Centre, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | | | - Wufang Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Xijin Wang
- The First Psychiatric Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hong Wen
- The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Liping Wen
- Zigong Mental Health Centre, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Lili Guan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
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Huang G, Iqbal J, Shen D, Xue YX, Yang M, Jia X. MicroRNA expression profiles of stress susceptibility and resilience in the prelimbic and infralimbic cortex of rats after single prolonged stress. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1247714. [PMID: 37692297 PMCID: PMC10488707 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1247714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The experience of traumatic stress can engender lasting memories associated with the trauma, often resulting in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, only a minority of individuals develop PTSD symptoms upon exposure. The neurobiological mechanisms underlying the pathology of PTSD are poorly understood. Utilizing a rat model of PTSD, the Single Prolonged Stress (SPS) paradigm, we were able to differentiate between resilient and susceptible individuals. Fourteen days after the SPS exposure, we conducted the behavioral analyses using Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) and Open Field (OF) tests to identify male rats as trauma resilient or susceptible. We focused on the microRNA (miRNA) profiles of the infralimbic (IL) and prelimbic (PL) cortical regions, known to be crucial in regulating the stress response. Our investigation of stressed rats exposed to the SPS procedure yielded divergent response, and differential expression microRNAs (DEmiRs) analysis indicated significant differences in the IL and PL transcriptional response. In the IL cortex, the GO analysis revealed enriched GO terms in the resilient versus control comparison, specifically related to mitogen-activated protein kinase and MAP kinase signaling pathways for their molecular functions as well as cytosol and nucleoplasm for the biological process. In the susceptible versus resilient comparison, the changes in molecular functions were only manifested in the functions of regulation of transcription involved in the G1/S transition of the mitotic cell cycle and skeletal muscle satellite cell activation. However, no enriched GO terms were found in the susceptible versus control comparison. In the PL cortex, results indicated that the DEmiRs were enriched exclusively in the cellular component level of the endoplasmic reticulum lumen in the comparison between resilient and control rats. Overall, our study utilized an animal model of PTSD to investigate the potential correlation between stress-induced behavioral dysfunction and variations in miRNA expression. The aforementioned discoveries have the potential to pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches for PTSD, which could involve the targeted regulation of transcriptome expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengdi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Precision Psychiatric Technology, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Javed Iqbal
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Precision Psychiatric Technology, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan Shen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yan-xue Xue
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Precision Psychiatric Technology, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, China
- Affiliated Mental Health Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Clinical College of Mental Health, ShenZhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- School of Mental Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaojian Jia
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Precision Psychiatric Technology, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, China
- Affiliated Mental Health Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Clinical College of Mental Health, ShenZhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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Ben David G, Amir Y, Salalha R, Sharvit L, Richter-Levin G, Atzmon G. Can Epigenetics Predict Drug Efficiency in Mental Disorders? Cells 2023; 12:1173. [PMID: 37190082 PMCID: PMC10136455 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders affect millions of individuals and their families worldwide, and the costs to society are substantial and are expected to rise due to a lack of effective treatments. Personalized medicine-customized treatment tailored to the individual-offers a solution. Although most mental diseases are influenced by genetic and environmental factors, finding genetic biomarkers that predict treatment efficacy has been challenging. This review highlights the potential of epigenetics as a tool for predicting treatment efficacy and personalizing medicine for psychiatric disorders. We examine previous studies that have attempted to predict treatment efficacy through epigenetics, provide an experimental model, and note the potential challenges at each stage. While the field is still in its infancy, epigenetics holds promise as a predictive tool by examining individual patients' epigenetic profiles in conjunction with other indicators. However, further research is needed, including additional studies, replication, validation, and application beyond clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Ben David
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (G.B.D.); (R.S.)
| | - Yam Amir
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (Y.A.)
| | - Randa Salalha
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (G.B.D.); (R.S.)
| | - Lital Sharvit
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (Y.A.)
| | - Gal Richter-Levin
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (G.B.D.); (R.S.)
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
- Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (Y.A.)
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Xu H, Shao Z, Zhang S, Liu X, Zeng P. How can childhood maltreatment affect post-traumatic stress disorder in adult: Results from a composite null hypothesis perspective of mediation analysis. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1102811. [PMID: 36970281 PMCID: PMC10033829 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1102811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundA greatly growing body of literature has revealed the mediating role of DNA methylation in the influence path from childhood maltreatment to psychiatric disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adult. However, the statistical method is challenging and powerful mediation analyses regarding this issue are lacking.MethodsTo study how the maltreatment in childhood alters long-lasting DNA methylation changes which further affect PTSD in adult, we here carried out a gene-based mediation analysis from a perspective of composite null hypothesis in the Grady Trauma Project (352 participants and 16,565 genes) with childhood maltreatment as exposure, multiple DNA methylation sites as mediators, and PTSD or its relevant scores as outcome. We effectively addressed the challenging issue of gene-based mediation analysis by taking its composite null hypothesis testing nature into consideration and fitting a weighted test statistic.ResultsWe discovered that childhood maltreatment could substantially affected PTSD or PTSD-related scores, and that childhood maltreatment was associated with DNA methylation which further had significant roles in PTSD and these scores. Furthermore, using the proposed mediation method, we identified multiple genes within which DNA methylation sites exhibited mediating roles in the influence path from childhood maltreatment to PTSD-relevant scores in adult, with 13 for Beck Depression Inventory and 6 for modified PTSD Symptom Scale, respectively.ConclusionOur results have the potential to confer meaningful insights into the biological mechanism for the impact of early adverse experience on adult diseases; and our proposed mediation methods can be applied to other similar analysis settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Xu
- Center for Mental Health Education and Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- School of Management, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Haibo Xu,
| | - Zhonghe Shao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Center for Mental Health Education and Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- School of Management, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Center for Medical Statistics and Data Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Ping Zeng,
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8
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Nishitani S, Isozaki M, Yao A, Higashino Y, Yamauchi T, Kidoguchi M, Kawajiri S, Tsunetoshi K, Neish H, Imoto H, Arishima H, Kodera T, Fujisawa TX, Nomura S, Kikuta K, Shinozaki G, Tomoda A. Cross-tissue correlations of genome-wide DNA methylation in Japanese live human brain and blood, saliva, and buccal epithelial tissues. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:72. [PMID: 36843037 PMCID: PMC9968710 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02370-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroepigenetics considers genetic sequences and the interplay with environmental influences to elucidate vulnerability risk for various neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, evaluating DNA methylation of brain tissue is challenging owing to the issue of tissue specificity. Consequently, peripheral surrogate tissues were used, resulting in limited progress compared with other epigenetic studies, such as cancer research. Therefore, we developed databases to establish correlations between the brain and peripheral tissues in the same individuals. Four tissues, resected brain tissue, blood, saliva, and buccal mucosa (buccal), were collected from 19 patients (aged 13-73 years) who underwent neurosurgery. Moreover, their genome-wide DNA methylation was assessed using the Infinium HumanMethylationEPIC BeadChip arrays to determine the cross-tissue correlation of each combination. These correlation analyses were conducted with all methylation sites and with variable CpGs, and with when these were adjusted for cellular proportions. For the averaged data for each CpG across individuals, the saliva-brain correlation (r = 0.90) was higher than that for blood-brain (r = 0.87) and buccal-brain (r = 0.88) comparisons. Among individual CpGs, blood had the highest proportion of CpGs correlated to the brain at nominally significant levels (19.0%), followed by saliva (14.4%) and buccal (9.8%). These results were similar to the previous IMAGE-CpG results; however, cross-database correlations of the correlation coefficients revealed a relatively low (brain vs. blood: r = 0.27, saliva: r = 0.18, and buccal: r = 0.24). To the best of our knowledge, this is the fifth study in the literature initiating the development of databases for correlations between the brain and peripheral tissues in the same individuals. We present the first database developed from an Asian population, specifically Japanese samples (AMAZE-CpG), which would contribute to interpreting individual epigenetic study results from various Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Nishitani
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
- Division of Developmental Higher Brain Functions, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Osaka, Japan.
- Life Science Innovation Center, School of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
| | - Makoto Isozaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Akiko Yao
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
- Division of Developmental Higher Brain Functions, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hiroyuki Neish
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sugita Genpaku Memorial Obama Municipal Hospital, Obama, Japan
| | - Hirochika Imoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | | | - Toshiaki Kodera
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Takashi X Fujisawa
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
- Division of Developmental Higher Brain Functions, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Osaka, Japan
- Life Science Innovation Center, School of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Sadahiro Nomura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | | | - Gen Shinozaki
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Akemi Tomoda
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
- Division of Developmental Higher Brain Functions, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Osaka, Japan.
- Life Science Innovation Center, School of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychological Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan.
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9
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Dwivedi Y, Shelton RC. Genomics in Treatment Development. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 30:363-385. [PMID: 36928858 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21054-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The Human Genome Project mapped the 3 billion base pairs in the human genome, which ushered in a new generation of genomically focused treatment development. While this has been very successful in other areas, neuroscience has been largely devoid of such developments. This is in large part because there are very few neurological or mental health conditions that are related to single-gene variants. While developments in pharmacogenomics have been somewhat successful, the use of genetic information in practice has to do with drug metabolism and adverse reactions. Studies of drug metabolism related to genetic variations are an important part of drug development. However, outside of cancer biology, the actual translation of genomic information into novel therapies has been limited. Epigenetics, which relates in part to the effects of the environment on DNA, is a promising newer area of relevance to CNS disorders. The environment can induce chemical modifications of DNA (e.g., cytosine methylation), which can be induced by the environment and may represent either shorter- or longer-term changes. Given the importance of environmental influences on CNS disorders, epigenetics may identify important treatment targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Dwivedi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Richard C Shelton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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10
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Domingos LB, Silva NR, Chaves Filho AJM, Sales AJ, Starnawska A, Joca S. Regulation of DNA Methylation by Cannabidiol and Its Implications for Psychiatry: New Insights from In Vivo and In Silico Models. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:2165. [PMID: 36421839 PMCID: PMC9690868 DOI: 10.3390/genes13112165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychotomimetic compound present in cannabis sativa. Many recent studies have indicated that CBD has a promising therapeutic profile for stress-related psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety, schizophrenia and depression. Such a diverse profile has been associated with its complex pharmacology, since CBD can target different neurotransmitter receptors, enzymes, transporters and ion channels. However, the precise contribution of each of those mechanisms for CBD effects is still not yet completely understood. Considering that epigenetic changes make the bridge between gene expression and environment interactions, we review and discuss herein how CBD affects one of the main epigenetic mechanisms associated with the development of stress-related psychiatric disorders: DNA methylation (DNAm). Evidence from in vivo and in silico studies indicate that CBD can regulate the activity of the enzymes responsible for DNAm, due to directly binding to the enzymes and/or by indirectly regulating their activities as a consequence of neurotransmitter-mediated signaling. The implications of this new potential pharmacological target for CBD are discussed in light of its therapeutic and neurodevelopmental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana B. Domingos
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nicole R. Silva
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Adriano J. M. Chaves Filho
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Amanda J. Sales
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Anna Starnawska
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, CGPM, Center for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sâmia Joca
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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11
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Huggett SB, Ikeda AS, McGeary JE, Kaun KR, Palmer RHC. Opioid Use Disorder and Alternative mRNA Splicing in Reward Circuitry. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13061045. [PMID: 35741807 PMCID: PMC9222793 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Opiate/opioid use disorder (OUD) is a chronic relapsing brain disorder that has increased in prevalence in the last two decades in the United States. Understanding the molecular correlates of OUD may provide key insights into the pathophysiology of this syndrome. Using publicly available RNA-sequencing data, our study investigated the possible role of alternative mRNA splicing in human brain tissue (dorsal-lateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc), and midbrain) of 90 individuals with OUD or matched controls. We found a total of 788 differentially spliced genes across brain regions. Alternative mRNA splicing demonstrated mostly tissue-specific effects, but a functionally characterized splicing change in the clathrin and AP-2-binding (CLAP) domain of the Bridging Integrator 1 (BIN1) gene was significantly linked to OUD across all brain regions. We investigated two hypotheses that may underlie differential splicing in OUD. First, we tested whether spliceosome genes were disrupted in the brains of individuals with OUD. Pathway enrichment analyses indicated spliceosome perturbations in OUD across brain regions. Second, we tested whether alternative mRNA splicing regions were linked to genetic predisposition. Using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of OUD, we found no evidence that DNA variants within or surrounding differentially spliced genes were implicated in the heritability of OUD. Altogether, our study contributes to the understanding of OUD pathophysiology by providing evidence of a possible role of alternative mRNA splicing in OUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer B. Huggett
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology at Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (S.B.H.); (A.S.I.)
| | - Ami S. Ikeda
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology at Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (S.B.H.); (A.S.I.)
| | - John E. McGeary
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI 02908, USA;
| | - Karla R. Kaun
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
| | - Rohan H. C. Palmer
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology at Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (S.B.H.); (A.S.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(404)-727-7340; Fax: +1-(404)-727-0372
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12
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Xin N, Wang DT, Zhang L, Zhou Y, Cheng Y. Early developmental stage glucocorticoid exposure causes DNA methylation and behavioral defects in adult zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 256:109301. [PMID: 35182718 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder caused by genetic and environmental factors. It is closely related to a dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, in which the epigenetic modification of the nr3c1 plays an important role. It is well known that nr3c1 methylation in offspring is reportedly related to early adverse life experiences, prenatal stress response, and early nursing conditions; however, the methylation location and extent of the nr3c1 are not sufficiently elucidated. In order to study the internal mechanism of PTSD caused by early adverse life experience, we used zebrafish to construct a psychopathological model. We found that early developmental stage prednisolone exposure caused HPA axis negative feedback dysfunction and hormone secretion disorder in adult male zebrafish. By analyzing nr3c1 promoter, we found that cytosine-guanine island (CpGI) 2 was highly methylated in adult male zebrafish, which affected the expression of glucocorticoid receptor, resulting in abnormal behavior and anxiety like phenotype of adult male zebrafish. Therefore, we believed that an early exposure of zebrafish larvae to prednisolone may be recorded through a change of CpGI 2 methylation in the nr3c1 promoter region, causing abnormal adult male zebrafish behavior. Moreover, the establishment of the zebrafish psychopathological model may facilitate the study of the clinical management of patients with PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xin
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, China
| | - Da-Tong Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Jinan Laigang Hospital, No.68 Xinxing Road, Jinan, Shandong 271100, China
| | - Yanlong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, China
| | - Yanbo Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, China.
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13
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Nie Y, Wen L, Song J, Wang N, Huang L, Gao L, Qu M. Emerging trends in epigenetic and childhood trauma: Bibliometrics and visual analysis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:925273. [PMID: 36458128 PMCID: PMC9705591 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.925273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epigenetic study of childhood trauma has become a valuable field. However, the evolution and emerging trends in epigenetics and childhood trauma have not been studied by bibliometric methods. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate status of epigenetic studies in childhood trauma and reveal the research trends based on bibliometrics. METHODS A total of 1,151 publications related to childhood trauma and epigenetics published between 2000 and 2021 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). CiteSpace (5.8. R 3) was used to implement bibliometric analysis and visualization. RESULTS Since 2010, the number of related publications has expanded quickly. The United States and McGill University are the most influential countries and research institutes, respectively. Elisabeth Binder is a leading researcher in childhood trauma and epigenetic-related research. Biological Psychiatry is probably the most popular journal. In addition, comprehensive keyword analysis revealed that "glucocorticoid receptor," "brain development," "epigenetic regulation," "depression," "posttraumatic stress disorder," "maternal care," "histone acetylation," "telomere length," "microRNA," and "anxiety" reflect the latest research trends in the field. A comprehensive reference analysis demonstrated NR3C1 gene methylation, FKBP5 DNA methylation, BDNF DNA methylation, and KITLG methylation have been hot spots in epigenetic studies in the field of childhood trauma in recent years. Notably, the relationship between childhood adversity and NR3C1 gene methylation levels remains unresolved and requires well-designed studies with control for more confounding factors. CONCLUSION As the best of our knowledge, this is the first bibliometric analysis of the association between childhood trauma and epigenetics. Our analysis of the literature suggests that childhood trauma may induce depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder through epigenetic regulation of glucocorticoid receptor expression and brain development. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is the key points of epigenetic research. The current researches focus on NR3C1 gene methylation, FKBP5 DNA methylation, BDNF DNA methylation, and KITLG methylation. These results provide a guiding perspective for the study of epigenetic effects of childhood trauma, and help researchers choose future research directions based on current keywords.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Nie
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lulu Wen
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Juexian Song
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ningqun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liyuan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Qu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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14
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Brown JEH, Young JL, Martinez-Martin N. Psychiatric genomics, mental health equity, and intersectionality: A framework for research and practice. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1061705. [PMID: 36620660 PMCID: PMC9812559 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1061705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The causal mechanisms and manifestations of psychiatric illness cannot be neatly narrowed down or quantified for diagnosis and treatment. Large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) might renew hope for locating genetic predictors and producing precision medicines, however such hopes can also distract from appreciating social factors and structural injustices that demand more socially inclusive and equitable approaches to mental healthcare. A more comprehensive approach begins with recognizing that there is no one type of contributor to mental illness and its duration that should be prioritized over another. We argue that, if the search for biological specificity is to complement the need to alleviate the social distress that produces mental health inequities, psychiatric genomics must incorporate an intersectional dimension to models of mental illness across research priorities, scientific frameworks, and clinical applications. We outline an intersectional framework that will guide all professionals working in the expanding field of psychiatric genomics to better incorporate issues of social context, racial and cultural diversity, and downstream ethical considerations into their work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E H Brown
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer L Young
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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15
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Magwai T, Shangase KB, Oginga FO, Chiliza B, Mpofana T, Xulu KR. DNA Methylation and Schizophrenia: Current Literature and Future Perspective. Cells 2021; 10:2890. [PMID: 34831111 PMCID: PMC8616184 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by dissociation of thoughts, idea, identity, and emotions. It has no central pathophysiological mechanism and precise diagnostic markers. Despite its high heritability, there are also environmental factors implicated in the development of schizophrenia. Epigenetic factors are thought to mediate the effects of environmental factors in the development of the disorder. Epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation are a risk factor for schizophrenia. Targeted gene approach studies attempted to find candidate gene methylation, but the results are contradictory. Genome-wide methylation studies are insufficient in literature and the available data do not cover different populations like the African populations. The current genome-wide studies have limitations related to the sample and methods used. Studies are required to control for these limitations. Integration of DNA methylation, gene expression, and their effects are important in the understanding of the development of schizophrenia and search for biomarkers. There are currently no precise and functional biomarkers for the disorder. Several epigenetic markers have been reported to be common in functional and peripheral tissue. This makes the peripheral tissue epigenetic changes a surrogate of functional tissue, suggesting common epigenetic alteration can be used as biomarkers of schizophrenia in peripheral tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thabo Magwai
- Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; (K.B.S.); (F.O.O.); (T.M.)
- National Health Laboratory Service, Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban 4085, South Africa
| | - Khanyiso Bright Shangase
- Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; (K.B.S.); (F.O.O.); (T.M.)
| | - Fredrick Otieno Oginga
- Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; (K.B.S.); (F.O.O.); (T.M.)
| | - Bonginkosi Chiliza
- Department of Psychiatry, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa;
| | - Thabisile Mpofana
- Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; (K.B.S.); (F.O.O.); (T.M.)
| | - Khethelo Richman Xulu
- Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; (K.B.S.); (F.O.O.); (T.M.)
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16
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Motavalli R, Majidi T, Pourlak T, Abediazar S, Shoja MM, Zununi Vahed S, Etemadi J. The clinical significance of the glucocorticoid receptors: Genetics and epigenetics. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 213:105952. [PMID: 34274458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The impacts of glucocorticoids (GCs) are mainly mediated by a nuclear receptor (GR) existing in almost every tissue. The GR regulates a wide range of physiological functions, including inflammation, cell metabolism, and differentiation playing a major role in cellular responses to GCs and stress. Therefore, the dysregulation or disruption of GR can cause deficiencies in the adaptation to stress and the preservation of homeostasis. The number of GR polymorphisms associated with different diseases has been mounting per year. Tackling these clinical complications obliges a comprehensive understanding of the molecular network action of GCs at the level of the GR structure and its signaling pathways. Beyond genetic variation in the GR gene, epigenetic changes can enhance our understanding of causal factors involved in the development of diseases and identifying biomarkers. In this review, we highlight the relationships of GC receptor gene polymorphisms and epigenetics with different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roza Motavalli
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Taraneh Majidi
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tala Pourlak
- Department of Pathology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sima Abediazar
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadali M Shoja
- Clinical Academy of Teaching and Learning, Ross University School of Medicine, Miramar, FL, USA
| | | | - Jalal Etemadi
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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17
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Murthy M, Cheng YY, Holton JL, Bettencourt C. Neurodegenerative movement disorders: An epigenetics perspective and promise for the future. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 47:897-909. [PMID: 34318515 PMCID: PMC9291277 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative movement disorders (NMDs) are age‐dependent disorders that are characterised by the degeneration and loss of neurons, typically accompanied by pathological accumulation of different protein aggregates in the brain, which lead to motor symptoms. NMDs include Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, and Huntington's disease, among others. Epigenetic modifications are responsible for functional gene regulation during development, adult life and ageing and have progressively been implicated in complex diseases such as cancer and more recently in neurodegenerative diseases, such as NMDs. DNA methylation is by far the most widely studied epigenetic modification and consists of the reversible addition of a methyl group to the DNA without changing the DNA sequence. Although this research field is still in its infancy in relation to NMDs, an increasing number of studies point towards a role for DNA methylation in disease processes. This review addresses recent advances in epigenetic and epigenomic research in NMDs, with a focus on human brain DNA methylation studies. We discuss the current understanding of the DNA methylation changes underlying these disorders, the potential for use of these DNA modifications in peripheral tissues as biomarkers in early disease detection, classification and progression as well as a promising role in future disease management and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Murthy
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Yun Yung Cheng
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Janice L Holton
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Conceição Bettencourt
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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18
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Enticott PG, Barlow K, Guastella AJ, Licari MK, Rogasch NC, Middeldorp CM, Clark SR, Vallence AM, Boulton KA, Hickie IB, Whitehouse AJO, Galletly C, Alvares GA, Fujiyama H, Heussler H, Craig JM, Kirkovski M, Mills NT, Rinehart NJ, Donaldson PH, Ford TC, Caeyenberghs K, Albein-Urios N, Bekkali S, Fitzgerald PB. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in autism spectrum disorder: protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled clinical trial. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e046830. [PMID: 34233985 PMCID: PMC8264904 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are no well-established biomedical treatments for the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A small number of studies suggest that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, may improve clinical and cognitive outcomes in ASD. We describe here the protocol for a funded multicentre randomised controlled clinical trial to investigate whether a course of rTMS to the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ), which has demonstrated abnormal brain activation in ASD, can improve social communication in adolescents and young adults with ASD. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study will evaluate the safety and efficacy of a 4-week course of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS, a variant of rTMS) in ASD. Participants meeting criteria for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition ASD (n=150, aged 14-40 years) will receive 20 sessions of either active iTBS (600 pulses) or sham iTBS (in which a sham coil mimics the sensation of iTBS, but no active stimulation is delivered) to the rTPJ. Participants will undergo a range of clinical, cognitive, epi/genetic, and neurophysiological assessments before and at multiple time points up to 6 months after iTBS. Safety will be assessed via a structured questionnaire and adverse event reporting. The study will be conducted from November 2020 to October 2024. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of Monash Health (Melbourne, Australia) under Australia's National Mutual Acceptance scheme. The trial will be conducted according to Good Clinical Practice, and findings will be written up for scholarly publication. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12620000890932).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G Enticott
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen Barlow
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adam J Guastella
- Autism Clinic for Translational Research, Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melissa K Licari
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nigel C Rogasch
- Discipline of Psychiatry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christel M Middeldorp
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Scott R Clark
- Discipline of Psychiatry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ann-Maree Vallence
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Psychology, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kelsie A Boulton
- Autism Clinic for Translational Research, Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew J O Whitehouse
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Cherrie Galletly
- Discipline of Psychiatry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gail A Alvares
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hakuei Fujiyama
- Discipline of Psychology, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Helen Heussler
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jeffrey M Craig
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa Kirkovski
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natalie T Mills
- Discipline of Psychiatry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nicole J Rinehart
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Krongold Clinic, Monash Education, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter H Donaldson
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Talitha C Ford
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Heath, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Soukayna Bekkali
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul B Fitzgerald
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Epworth Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, Epworth HealthCare, Camperwell, Victoria, Australia
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Mizen LAM. Demystifying genetic jargon in psychiatry. BJPSYCH ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1192/bja.2021.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Genetic testing in psychiatry is becoming more common, but psychiatrists often receive little training in it. Given the pace of change in genetics, understanding the current methods of testing and their associated merits and limitations can therefore be challenging for some. This narrative, written for psychiatrists in the clinic, aims to cut through the jargon and describe current genetic testing techniques and their evolution from previous methods. It discusses benefits and risks of testing, how geneticists decide whether genetic variants are pathogenic, terminology found in genetic test results and how best to support patients with genetic diagnoses. It also describes methods used to study the genetics of polygenic disorders. It is anticipated this will facilitate a greater understanding of genetic testing and promote confidence among psychiatrists to discuss its clinical utility and implications with patients.
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20
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Early-life nutrition and metabolic disorders in later life: a new perspective on energy metabolism. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 133:1961-1970. [PMID: 32826460 PMCID: PMC7462214 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic disorders have become an epidemic globally. However, the pathogenesis remains largely unclear and the prevention and treatment are still limited. In addition to environmental factors during adulthood, early life is the critical developmental window with high tissue plasticity, which might be modified by external environmental cues. Substantial evidence has demonstrated the vital role of early-life nutrition in programming the metabolic disorders in later life. In this review, we aim to overview the concepts of fetal programming and investigate the effects of early-life nutrition on energy metabolism in later life and the potential epigenetic mechanism. The related studies published on PubMed database up to March 2020 were included. The results showed that both maternal overnutrition and undernutrition increased the riskes of metabolic disorders in offspring and epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, miRNAs, and histone modification, might be the vital mediators. The beneficial effects of early-life lifestyle modifications as well as dietary and nutritional interventions on these deleterious metabolic remolding were initially observed. Overall, characterizing the early-life malnutrition that reshapes metabolic disease trajectories may yield novel targets for early prevention and intervention and provide a new point of view to the energy metabolism.
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Craig F, Tenuta F, Rizzato V, Costabile A, Trabacca A, Montirosso R. Attachment-related dimensions in the epigenetic era: A systematic review of the human research. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:654-666. [PMID: 33727029 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, an increasing number of studies documented potential links between parental care and epigenetic mechanisms. The present systematic review focuses on the potential association and interrelationship between attachment-related dimensions and DNA methylation in human studies. We performed a literature review using electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost. Thirteen papers were included in the review. Findings support significant associations between attachment-related dimensions and epigenetic status in studies which considered different populations, age ranges, attachment measures and peripheral tissues. Although research in this area is still under investigation, available results suggest that DNA methylation associated with attachment-related dimensions might affect the development of stress regulation system and social-emotional capacities, thus contributing to the emerging phenotypic outcomes. However, identifying mediator and moderator effects in the interrelationship between these parameters was problematic owing to heterogeneous methodologies. Finally, we discuss clinical implications, unanswered questions, and future directions for human development in epigenetics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Craig
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Unit for Severe Disabilities in Developmental Age and Young Adults, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Flaviana Tenuta
- Department of Culture, Education and Society, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Veronica Rizzato
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Unit for Severe Disabilities in Developmental Age and Young Adults, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Angela Costabile
- Department of Culture, Education and Society, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Antonio Trabacca
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Unit for Severe Disabilities in Developmental Age and Young Adults, Brindisi, Italy.
| | - Rosario Montirosso
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, 0-3 Center for the at-Risk Infant, Bosisio Parini, Italy
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22
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Van Aswegen T, Bosmans G, Goossens L, Van Leeuwen K, Claes S, Van Den Noortgate W, Hankin BL. Epigenetics in Families: Covariance between Mother and Child Methylation Patterns. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11020190. [PMID: 33557123 PMCID: PMC7913850 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Theory and research both point at epigenetic processes affecting both parenting behavior and child functioning. However, little is known about the convergence of mother and child’s epigenetic patterns in families. Therefore, the current study investigated epigenetic covariance in mother–child dyads’ methylation levels regarding four stress-regulation related genes (5HTT, NR3C1, FKBP5, and BDNF). Covariance was tested in a general population sample, consisting of early adolescents (Mage = 11.63, SDage = 2.3) and mothers (N = 160 dyads). Results showed that mother and offspring 5HTT and NR3C1 methylation patterns correlated. Furthermore, when averaged across genes, methylation levels strongly correlated. These findings partially supported that child and parent methylation levels covary. It might be important to consider this covariance to understand maladaptive parent–child relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Van Aswegen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, 7505 Cape Town, Tygerberg, South Africa;
- Department of Clinical Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guy Bosmans
- Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence:
| | - Luc Goossens
- School Psychology and Development in Context, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Karla Van Leeuwen
- Parenting and Special Education, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Stephan Claes
- University Psychiatric Center, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Wim Van Den Noortgate
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium;
- ITEC, IMEC Research Group at KU Leuven, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Benjamin L. Hankin
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA;
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23
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Inserra A, De Gregorio D, Gobbi G. Psychedelics in Psychiatry: Neuroplastic, Immunomodulatory, and Neurotransmitter Mechanisms. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 73:202-277. [PMID: 33328244 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests safety and efficacy of psychedelic compounds as potential novel therapeutics in psychiatry. Ketamine has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration in a new class of antidepressants, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is undergoing phase III clinical trials for post-traumatic stress disorder. Psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) are being investigated in several phase II and phase I clinical trials. Hence, the concept of psychedelics as therapeutics may be incorporated into modern society. Here, we discuss the main known neurobiological therapeutic mechanisms of psychedelics, which are thought to be mediated by the effects of these compounds on the serotonergic (via 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A receptors) and glutamatergic [via N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors] systems. We focus on 1) neuroplasticity mediated by the modulation of mammalian target of rapamycin-, brain-derived neurotrophic factor-, and early growth response-related pathways; 2) immunomodulation via effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, nuclear factor ĸB, and cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 1, 6, and 10 production and release; and 3) modulation of serotonergic, dopaminergic, glutamatergic, GABAergic, and norepinephrinergic receptors, transporters, and turnover systems. We discuss arising concerns and ways to assess potential neurobiological changes, dependence, and immunosuppression. Although larger cohorts are required to corroborate preliminary findings, the results obtained so far are promising and represent a critical opportunity for improvement of pharmacotherapies in psychiatry, an area that has seen limited therapeutic advancement in the last 20 years. Studies are underway that are trying to decouple the psychedelic effects from the therapeutic effects of these compounds. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Psychedelic compounds are emerging as potential novel therapeutics in psychiatry. However, understanding of molecular mechanisms mediating improvement remains limited. This paper reviews the available evidence concerning the effects of psychedelic compounds on pathways that modulate neuroplasticity, immunity, and neurotransmitter systems. This work aims to be a reference for psychiatrists who may soon be faced with the possibility of prescribing psychedelic compounds as medications, helping them assess which compound(s) and regimen could be most useful for decreasing specific psychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Inserra
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Danilo De Gregorio
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gabriella Gobbi
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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24
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Bakusic J, Vrieze E, Ghosh M, Bekaert B, Claes S, Godderis L. Increased methylation of NR3C1 and SLC6A4 is associated with blunted cortisol reactivity to stress in major depression. Neurobiol Stress 2020; 13:100272. [PMID: 33344725 PMCID: PMC7739183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epigenetic changes are considered the main mechanisms behind the interplay of environment and genetic susceptibility in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, studies focusing on epigenetic dysregulation of the HPA axis stress response in MDD are lacking. Our objective was to simultaneously asses DNA methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) and serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) and HPA axis response to stress in MDD. Methods We recruited 80 depressed inpatients and 58 gender and age matched healthy controls. All participants underwent the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and salivary cortisol was repeatedly measured to assess HPA axis reactivity. DNA methylation of the NR3C1 (exon 1 F) and SLC6A4 CpG islands was quantified from whole blood DNA. In the MDD group, clinical assessment was repeated at 8-week follow-up to test the predictive potential of DNA methylation for symptom improvement. Results Depressed patients had blunted cortisol reactivity to TSST compared to healthy controls (p = 0.01). In addition, they presented with increased average SLC6A4 (p = 0.003) and NR3C1 methylation (p = 0.03), as well as methylation of two individual NR3C1 CpG loci overlapping with the NGFI-A-binding sites (CpG12 and CpG20). Methylation of one of these two loci (CpG20) predicted lower symptom improvement at the follow-up (p = 0.007). Both, average NR3C1 and SLC6A4 methylation were associated with lower cortisol reactivity in the MDD group and explained about 16% of variability in cortisol response to TSST. Conclusions We provide evidence of the role of NR3C1 and SLC6A4 DNA methylation in HPA axis dysregulation in MDD, which needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elske Vrieze
- Psychiatry Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Bram Bekaert
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Laboratory of Forensic Genetics and Molecular Archaeology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Imaging & Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephan Claes
- Psychiatry Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lode Godderis
- Environment and Health, KU Leuven, Belgium.,IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Heverlee, Belgium
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25
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Bakusic J, Ghosh M, Polli A, Bekaert B, Schaufeli W, Claes S, Godderis L. Epigenetic perspective on the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in burnout. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:354. [PMID: 33077716 PMCID: PMC7573604 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a potential role in the neurobiology of burnout, but there are no studies investigating the underlying genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Our aim is to further explore the role of BDNF in burnout, by focusing on the Val66Met polymorphism and methylation patterns of the BDNF gene and serum BDNF (sBDNF) protein expression. We conducted a cross-sectional study by recruiting 129 individuals (59 with burnout and 70 healthy controls). Participants underwent a clinical interview, psychological assessment and blood sample collection. Polymorphism and DNA methylation were measured on DNA from whole blood, using pyrosequencing and sBDNF levels were measured using ELISA. We found significantly increased methylation of promoter I and IV in the burnout group, which also correlated with burnout symptoms. In addition, DNA methylation of promoter I had a significant negative effect on sBDNF. For DNA methylation of exon IX, we did not find a significant difference between the groups, nor associations with sBDNF. The Val66Met polymorphism neither differed between groups, nor was it associated with sBDNF levels. Finally, we did not observe differences in sBDNF level between the groups. Interestingly, we observed a significant negative association between depressive symptoms and sBDNF levels. The current study is the first to show that BDNF DNA methylation changes might play an important role in downregulation of the BDNF protein levels in burnout. The presence of depressive symptoms might have an additional impact on these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Bakusic
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Manosij Ghosh
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrea Polli
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Pain in Motion research group (PAIN), Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bram Bekaert
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Forensic Medicine, Laboratory of Forensic Genetics and Molecular Archaeology; KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wilmar Schaufeli
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Work, Organisational and Personnel Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephan Claes
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Psychiatry Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lode Godderis
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Heverlee, Belgium
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26
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Nakachi Y, Ishii K, Bundo M, Masuda T, Iwamoto K. Use of the Illumina EPIC methylation array for epigenomic research in the crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis). Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2020; 40:423-426. [PMID: 33037870 PMCID: PMC7722662 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Commercially available Illumina DNA methylation arrays (HumanMethylation 27K, HumanMethylation450, and MethylationEPIC BeadChip) can be used for comprehensive DNA methylation analyses of not only the human genome but also other mammalian genomes, ranging from those of nonhuman primates to those of rodents. However, practical application of the EPIC array to the crab‐eating macaque has not been reported. Methods Through bioinformatic analyses involving cross‐species comparison and consideration of probe performance, we selected array probes that can be reliably used for the crab‐eating macaque genome. A DNA methylation assay using an EPIC array was performed on genomic DNA extracted from the brains of five crab‐eating macaques. The obtained DNA methylation data were compared with a publicly available dataset. Results Among the 865 918 probes in the EPIC array, a total of 183 509 probes (21.2%) were selected as high‐confidence array probes in the crab‐eating macaque. Subsequent comparisons revealed that the data from these probes showed good concordance with other DNA methylation datasets of the crab‐eating macaque. Conclusion The selected high‐confidence array probes would be useful for high‐throughput DNA methylation assays of the crab‐eating macaque. Epigenetic research in the non‐human primates, such as crab‐eating macaque, will be important to understand the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Among the methylation array probes for human genome, the probes that can reliably measure DNA methylation levels of the crab‐eating macaque are reported.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Nakachi
- Department of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ishii
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Miki Bundo
- Department of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Masuda
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuya Iwamoto
- Department of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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27
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Smigielski L, Jagannath V, Rössler W, Walitza S, Grünblatt E. Epigenetic mechanisms in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders: a systematic review of empirical human findings. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:1718-1748. [PMID: 31907379 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0601-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders are highly debilitating psychiatric conditions that lack a clear etiology and exhibit polygenic inheritance underlain by pleiotropic genes. The prevailing explanation points to the interplay between predisposing genes and environmental exposure. Accumulated evidence suggests that epigenetic regulation of the genome may mediate dynamic gene-environment interactions at the molecular level by modulating the expression of psychiatric phenotypes through transcription factors. This systematic review summarizes the current knowledge linking schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders to epigenetics, based on PubMed and Web of Science database searches conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Three groups of mechanisms in case-control studies of human tissue (i.e., postmortem brain and bio-fluids) were considered: DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding miRNAs. From the initial pool of 3,204 records, 152 studies met our inclusion criteria (11,815/11,528, 233/219, and 2,091/1,827 cases/controls for each group, respectively). Many of the findings revealed associations with epigenetic modulations of genes regulating neurotransmission, neurodevelopment, and immune function, as well as differential miRNA expression (e.g., upregulated miR-34a, miR-7, and miR-181b). Overall, actual evidence moderately supports an association between epigenetics and schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. However, heterogeneous results and cross-tissue extrapolations call for future work. Integrating epigenetics into systems biology may critically enhance research on psychosis and thus our understanding of the disorder. This may have implications for psychiatry in risk stratification, early recognition, diagnostics, precision medicine, and other interventional approaches targeting epigenetic fingerprints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Smigielski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Vinita Jagannath
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD) R&D Innovation Centre, London, UK
| | - Wulf Rössler
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.,Laboratory of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Susanne Walitza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edna Grünblatt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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28
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Garcia-Rizo C, Bitanihirwe BKY. Implications of early life stress on fetal metabolic programming of schizophrenia: A focus on epiphenomena underlying morbidity and early mortality. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 101:109910. [PMID: 32142745 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The fetal origin of adult disease hypothesis postulates that a stressful in utero environment can have deleterious consequences on fetal programming, potentially leading to chronic disease in later life. Factors known to impact fetal programming include the timing, intensity, duration and nature of the external stressor during pregnancy. As such, dynamic modulation of fetal programming is heavily involved in shaping health throughout the life course, possibly by influencing metabolic parameters including insulin action, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity and immune function. The ability of prenatal insults to program adult disease is likely to occur as a result of reduced functional capacity in key organs-a "thrifty" phenotype-where more resources are re-allocated to preserve critical organs such as the brain. Notably, it has been postulated that the manifestation of neuropsychiatric disorders in individuals priorly exposed to prenatal stress may arise from the interaction between hereditary factors and the intrauterine environment, which together precipitate disease onset by disrupting the trajectory of normal brain development. In this review we discuss the evidence linking prenatal programming to neuropsychiatric disorders, mainly schizophrenia, via a "Thrifty psychiatric phenotype" concept. We start by outlining the conception of the thrifty psychiatric phenotype. Next, we discuss the convergence of potential mechanistic pathways through which prenatal insults may trigger epigenetic changes that contribute to the increased morbidity and early mortality observed in neuropsychiatric disorders. Finally, we touch on the public health importance of fetal programming for these disorders. We conclude by providing a brief outlook on the future of this evolving field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemente Garcia-Rizo
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research Agusti Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Byron K Y Bitanihirwe
- Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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29
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Levchenko A, Nurgaliev T, Kanapin A, Samsonova A, Gainetdinov RR. Current challenges and possible future developments in personalized psychiatry with an emphasis on psychotic disorders. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03990. [PMID: 32462093 PMCID: PMC7240336 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A personalized medicine approach seems to be particularly applicable to psychiatry. Indeed, considering mental illness as deregulation, unique to each patient, of molecular pathways, governing the development and functioning of the brain, seems to be the most justified way to understand and treat disorders of this medical category. In order to extract correct information about the implicated molecular pathways, data can be drawn from sampling phenotypic and genetic biomarkers and then analyzed by a machine learning algorithm. This review describes current difficulties in the field of personalized psychiatry and gives several examples of possibly actionable biomarkers of psychotic and other psychiatric disorders, including several examples of genetic studies relevant to personalized psychiatry. Most of these biomarkers are not yet ready to be introduced in clinical practice. In a next step, a perspective on the path personalized psychiatry may take in the future is given, paying particular attention to machine learning algorithms that can be used with the goal of handling multidimensional datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Levchenko
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Timur Nurgaliev
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Alexander Kanapin
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Anastasia Samsonova
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Raul R. Gainetdinov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
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30
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Murata Y, Ikegame T, Koike S, Saito T, Ikeda M, Sasaki T, Iwata N, Kasai K, Bundo M, Iwamoto K. Global DNA hypomethylation and its correlation to the betaine level in peripheral blood of patients with schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 99:109855. [PMID: 31911076 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that aberrant epigenetic regulation is involved in the pathophysiology of major psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). We previously showed that the plasma level of betaine (N,N,N-trimethylglycine), a methyl-group donor, was significantly decreased in patients with first episode schizophrenia (FESZ). In this study, we identified decrease of global DNA methylation level in FESZ (N = 24 patients vs N = 42 controls), and found that global DNA methylation level was inversely correlated with scores on the global assessment of functioning (GAF) scale, and positively correlated with plasma betaine level. Notably, correlations between levels of betaine and its metabolites (N,N-dimethylglycine and sarcosine, N-methylglycine) were lower or lost in FESZ plasma, but remained high in controls. We further examined global DNA methylation levels in patients with chronic SZ (N = 388) and BD (N = 414) as well as controls (N = 430), and confirmed significant hypomethylation and decreased betaine level in SZ. We also found that patients with BD type I, but not those with BD type II, showed significant global hypomethylation. These results suggest that global hypomethylation associated with decreased betaine level in blood cells is common to SZ and BD, and may reflect common pathophysiology such as psychotic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Murata
- Department of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tempei Ikegame
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Koike
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Saito
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masashi Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sasaki
- Laboratory of Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nakao Iwata
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miki Bundo
- Department of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; PRESTO Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan..
| | - Kazuya Iwamoto
- Department of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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Comes AL, Czamara D, Adorjan K, Anderson-Schmidt H, Andlauer TFM, Budde M, Gade K, Hake M, Kalman JL, Papiol S, Reich-Erkelenz D, Klöhn-Saghatolislam F, Schaupp SK, Schulte EC, Senner F, Juckel G, Schmauß M, Zimmermann J, Reimer J, Reininghaus E, Anghelescu IG, Konrad C, Thiel A, Figge C, von Hagen M, Koller M, Dietrich DE, Stierl S, Scherk H, Witt SH, Sivalingam S, Degenhardt F, Forstner AJ, Rietschel M, Nöthen MM, Wiltfang J, Falkai P, Schulze TG, Heilbronner U. The role of environmental stress and DNA methylation in the longitudinal course of bipolar disorder. Int J Bipolar Disord 2020; 8:9. [PMID: 32048126 PMCID: PMC7013010 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-019-0176-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stressful life events influence the course of affective disorders, however, the mechanisms by which they bring about phenotypic change are not entirely known. METHODS We explored the role of DNA methylation in response to recent stressful life events in a cohort of bipolar patients from the longitudinal PsyCourse study (n = 96). Peripheral blood DNA methylomes were profiled at two time points for over 850,000 methylation sites. The association between impact ratings of stressful life events and DNA methylation was assessed, first by interrogating methylation sites in the vicinity of candidate genes previously implicated in the stress response and, second, by conducting an exploratory epigenome-wide association analysis. Third, the association between epigenetic aging and change in stress and symptom measures over time was investigated. RESULTS Investigation of methylation signatures over time revealed just over half of the CpG sites tested had an absolute difference in methylation of at least 1% over a 1-year period. Although not a single CpG site withstood correction for multiple testing, methylation at one site (cg15212455) was suggestively associated with stressful life events (p < 1.0 × 10-5). Epigenetic aging over a 1-year period was not associated with changes in stress or symptom measures. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to investigate epigenome-wide methylation across time in bipolar patients and in relation to recent, non-traumatic stressful life events. Limited and inconclusive evidence warrants future longitudinal investigations in larger samples of well-characterized bipolar patients to give a complete picture regarding the role of DNA methylation in the course of bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Comes
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany. .,International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), 80804, Munich, Germany.
| | - Darina Czamara
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Kristina Adorjan
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Heike Anderson-Schmidt
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Till F M Andlauer
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Monika Budde
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Gade
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maria Hake
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Janos L Kalman
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), 80804, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Sergi Papiol
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Reich-Erkelenz
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Farah Klöhn-Saghatolislam
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabrina K Schaupp
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva C Schulte
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Fanny Senner
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr University Bochum, LWL University Hospital, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Max Schmauß
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Bezirkskrankenhaus Augsburg, University of Augsburg, 86156, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Zimmermann
- Psychiatrieverbund Oldenburger Land gGmbH, Karl-Jaspers-Klinik, 26160, Bad Zwischenahn, Germany
| | - Jens Reimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Research Unit for Bipolar Affective Disorder, Medical University of Graz, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Carsten Konrad
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Agaplesion Diakonieklinikum, 27356, Rotenburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Thiel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Agaplesion Diakonieklinikum, 27356, Rotenburg, Germany
| | - Christian Figge
- Karl-Jaspers Clinic, European Medical School Oldenburg-Groningen, 26160, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Martin von Hagen
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Center Werra-Meißner, 37269, Eschwege, Germany
| | - Manfred Koller
- Asklepios Specialized Hospital, 37081, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Detlef E Dietrich
- AMEOS Clinical Center Hildesheim, 31135, Hildesheim, Germany.,Center für Systems Neuroscience (ZSN) Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Medical School of Hannover, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Harald Scherk
- AMEOS Clinical Center Osnabrück, 49088, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sugirthan Sivalingam
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Franziska Degenhardt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas J Forstner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany.,Center for Human Genetics, University of Marburg, 35033, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,iBiMED, Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas G Schulze
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Urs Heilbronner
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
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Feng T, Youssef NA. Can epigenetic biomarkers lead us to precision medicine in predicting treatment response and remission for patients being considered for ECT? Psychiatry Res 2020; 284:112659. [PMID: 31703983 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
While electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the gold standard for the treatment of depression, there is currently a lack of clinically useful biomarkers predictive of treatment response. Epigenetics provides reasonable potential as a biomarker for treatment response for ECT, given that the study of epigenetics combines both the impact of biology and environment in the shaping of psychopathology. Initial limited studies are promising. Further studies to establish precision medicine in term of ECT treatment response using epigenetics predictors can provide great benefit to both patients and physicians in saving time, money, and frustration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tami Feng
- Department of Psychiatry & Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Nagy A Youssef
- Department of Psychiatry & Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States; Academic Affairs, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.
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Thibaut F. Epigenetics: the missing link between genes and psychiatric disorders?
. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 21:337-338. [PMID: 31949401 PMCID: PMC6952746 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2019.21.4/fthibaut] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Most studies describing epigenetic modifications have focused on DNA methylation, but fewer studies have focused on histone modifications and noncoding RNAs. Chromatin architecture and CCCTC-binding factor represent important noncoding regulatory elements that warrant further investigation in order to improve our understanding of the genomic basis of complex diseases such as psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Thibaut
- University Hospital Cochin - site Tarnier, Paris, France Faculty of Medicine Paris Descartes (Paris University), INSERM U1266, Institute of
Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Paris, France
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34
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García-Gutiérrez MS, Navarrete F, Sala F, Gasparyan A, Austrich-Olivares A, Manzanares J. Biomarkers in Psychiatry: Concept, Definition, Types and Relevance to the Clinical Reality. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:432. [PMID: 32499729 PMCID: PMC7243207 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last years, an extraordinary effort has been made to identify biomarkers as potential tools for improving prevention, diagnosis, drug response and drug development in psychiatric disorders. Contrary to other diseases, mental illnesses are classified by diagnostic categories with a broad variety list of symptoms. Consequently, patients diagnosed from the same psychiatric illness present a great heterogeneity in their clinical presentation. This fact together with the incomplete knowledge of the neurochemical alterations underlying mental disorders, contribute to the limited efficacy of current pharmacological options. In this respect, the identification of biomarkers in psychiatry is becoming essential to facilitate diagnosis through the developing of markers that allow to stratify groups within the syndrome, which in turn may lead to more focused treatment options. In order to shed light on this issue, this review summarizes the concept and types of biomarkers including an operational definition for therapeutic development. Besides, the advances in this field were summarized and sorted into five categories, which include genetics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and epigenetics. While promising results were achieved, there is a lack of biomarker investigations especially related to treatment response to psychiatric conditions. This review includes a final conclusion remarking the future challenges required to reach the goal of developing valid, reliable and broadly-usable biomarkers for psychiatric disorders and their treatment. The identification of factors predicting treatment response will reduce trial-and-error switches of medications facilitating the discovery of new effective treatments, being a crucial step towards the establishment of greater personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Salud García-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain.,Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Navarrete
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain.,Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sala
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ani Gasparyan
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain.,Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Manzanares
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain.,Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
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35
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Abstract
Aim: The druggability of epigenetic targets has prompted researchers to develop small-molecule therapeutics. However, no systematic assessment has ever been done to investigate the chemical space of epigenetic modulators. Herein, we report a comprehensive chemoinformatic analysis of epigenetic ligands from EpiDBase, HEMD, ChEMBL and PubChem databases. Results: Nearly, 0.45 × 106 ligands were analyzed for assay interference compounds, target profiling, drug-like properties and hit prioritization. After eliminating approximately 96,000 problematic compounds, the remaining 0.36 × 106 compounds were studied for their physicochemical distributions, principal component analysis and hit prioritization. More than 30% of assay interference compounds were determined for many proteins. Conclusion: This systematic assessment of epigenetic ligands will help in the enrichment of screening libraries with high-quality compounds and thus, the generation of efficacious drug candidates.
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36
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Murata Y, Fujii A, Kanata S, Fujikawa S, Ikegame T, Nakachi Y, Zhao Z, Jinde S, Kasai K, Bundo M, Iwamoto K. Evaluation of the usefulness of saliva for DNA methylation analysis in cohort studies. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2019; 39:301-305. [PMID: 31393092 PMCID: PMC7292296 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Epigenetic information such as DNA methylation is a useful biomarker that reflects complex gene‐environmental interaction. Peripheral tissues such as blood and saliva are commonly collected as the source of genomic DNA in cohort studies. Epigenetic studies mainly use blood, while a few studies have addressed the epigenetic characteristics of saliva. Methods The effects of methods for DNA extraction and purification from saliva on DNA methylation were surveyed using Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. Using 386 661 probes, DNA methylation differences between blood and saliva from 22 healthy volunteers, and their functional and structural characteristics were examined. CpG sites with DNA methylation levels showing large interindividual variations in blood were evaluated using saliva DNA methylation profiles. Results Genomic DNA prepared by simplified protocol from saliva showed a similar quality DNA methylation profile to that derived from the manufacturer provided protocol. Consistent with previous studies, the DNA methylation profiles of blood and saliva showed high correlations. Blood showed 1,514 hypomethylated and 2099 hypermethylated probes, suggesting source‐dependent DNA methylation patterns. CpG sites with large methylation difference between the two sources were underrepresented in the promoter regions and enriched within gene bodies. CpG sites with large interindividual methylation variations in blood also showed considerable variations in saliva. Conclusion In addition to high correlation in DNA methylation profiles, CpG sites showing large interindividual DNA methylation differences were similar between blood and saliva, ensuring saliva could be a suitable alternative source for genomic DNA in cohort studies. Consideration of source‐dependent DNA methylation differences will, however, be necessary. We compared quality of saliva methylome data collected by several DNA purification protocols and examined the characteristics of saliva methylome. Optimized protocol and identified characteristics such as common informative CpG sites to blood and unique epigenetic changes in saliva will contribute to promote the use of saliva for epigenetic studies in clinical settings and epidemiological cohort studies.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Murata
- Department of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ayaka Fujii
- Department of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Sho Kanata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Fujikawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tempei Ikegame
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nakachi
- Department of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Zhilei Zhao
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Jinde
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miki Bundo
- Department of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuya Iwamoto
- Department of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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37
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Nakamura Y, Nakatochi M, Kunimoto S, Okada T, Aleksic B, Toyama M, Shiino T, Morikawa M, Yamauchi A, Yoshimi A, Furukawa-Hibi Y, Nagai T, Ohara M, Kubota C, Yamada K, Ando M, Ozaki N. Methylation analysis for postpartum depression: a case control study. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:190. [PMID: 31221108 PMCID: PMC6585089 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2172-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum depression (PPD) is a major depressive disorder that occurs after childbirth. Objective diagnostic and predictive methods for PPD are important for early detection and appropriate intervention. DNA methylation has been recognized as a potential biomarker for major depressive disorder. In this study, we used methylation analysis and peripheral blood to search for biomarkers that could to lead to the development a predictive method for PPD. METHODS Study participants included 36 pregnant women (18 cases and 18 controls determined after childbirth). Genome-wide DNA methylation profiles were obtained by analysis with an Infinium Human Methylation 450BeadChip. The association of DNA methylation status at each DNA methylation site with PPD was assessed using linear regression analysis. We also conducted functional enrichment analysis of PPD using The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery 6.8 to explore enriched functional-related gene groups for PPD. RESULTS In the analysis with postpartum depressed state as an independent variable, the difference in methylation frequency between the postpartum non-depressed group and the postpartum depressed group was small, and sites with genome-wide significant differences were not confirmed. After analysis by The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery 6.8, we revealed four gene ontology terms, including axon guidance, related to postpartum depression. CONCLUSIONS These findings may help with the development of an objective predictive method for PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Nakamura
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550 Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Data Coordinating Center, Department of Advanced Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550 Japan
- Department of Nursing, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 461-8673 Japan
| | - Shohko Kunimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550 Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550 Japan
| | - Branko Aleksic
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550 Japan
| | - Miho Toyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550 Japan
| | - Tomoko Shiino
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550 Japan
| | - Mako Morikawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550 Japan
| | - Aya Yamauchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550 Japan
| | - Akira Yoshimi
- Division of Clinical Sciences and Neuropsychopharmacology, Faculty and Graduate School of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8503 Japan
| | - Yoko Furukawa-Hibi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacy, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tanabe-dori, Mizuhoku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603 Japan
| | - Taku Nagai
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560 Japan
| | - Masako Ohara
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550 Japan
| | - Chika Kubota
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550 Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560 Japan
| | - Masahiko Ando
- Data Coordinating Center, Department of Advanced Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550 Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550 Japan
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Hübel C, Marzi SJ, Breen G, Bulik CM. Epigenetics in eating disorders: a systematic review. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:901-915. [PMID: 30353170 PMCID: PMC6544542 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0254-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Eating disorders are complex heritable conditions influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Given the progress of genomic discovery in anorexia nervosa, with the identification of the first genome-wide significant locus, as well as animated discussion of epigenetic mechanisms in linking environmental factors with disease onset, our goal was to conduct a systematic review of the current body of evidence on epigenetic factors in eating disorders to inform future directions in this area. Following PRISMA guidelines, two independent authors conducted a search within PubMed and Web of Science and identified 18 journal articles and conference abstracts addressing anorexia nervosa (n = 13), bulimia nervosa (n = 6), and binge-eating disorder (n = 1), published between January 2003 and October 2017. We reviewed all articles and included a critical discussion of field-specific methodological considerations. The majority of epigenetic analyses of eating disorders investigated methylation at candidate genes (n = 13), focusing on anorexia and bulimia nervosa in very small samples with considerable sample overlap across published studies. Three studies used microarray-based technologies to examine DNA methylation across the genome of anorexia nervosa and binge-eating disorder patients. Overall, results were inconclusive and were primarily exploratory in nature. The field of epigenetics in eating disorders remains in its infancy. We encourage the scientific community to apply methodologically sound approaches using genome-wide designs including epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS), to increase sample sizes, and to broaden the focus to include all eating disorder types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hübel
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, UK,UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital and King’s College London, London, UK,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah J. Marzi
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, UK,The Blizard Institute, Barts and the London Medical School, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, UK,UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital and King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Cynthia M. Bulik
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC,Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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39
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We review the existing literature on gene-environment interactions (G×E) and epigenetic changes primarily in borderline personality disorder (BPD) but also in antisocial, schizotypal, and avoidant personality disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Research supports that susceptibility genes to BPD or its underlying traits may be expressed under certain environmental conditions such as physical or childhood sexual abuse. Epigenetic modifications of neurodevelopment- and stress-related genes are suggested to underlie the relationship between early life adversary and borderline personality disorder. Only limited studies have investigated the role of gene-environment interactions and epigenetic changes in the genesis of antisocial, schizotypal, and avoidant personality disorders. Considering the lack of pharmacological treatment for most personality disorders, the emerging evidence on the critical role of G×E and epigenetic changes in the genesis of personality disorders could help develop more biologically oriented therapeutic approaches. Future studies should explore the potential of this new therapeutic dimension.
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40
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Nigg JT. Toward an Emerging Paradigm for Understanding Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Other Neurodevelopmental, Mental, and Behavioral Disorders: Environmental Risks and Epigenetic Associations. JAMA Pediatr 2018; 172:619-621. [PMID: 29799950 PMCID: PMC6511283 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.0920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel T. Nigg
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
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