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Debash MN, Kumie G, Sisay A, Gedfie S, Abebe W, Ashagre A, Misganaw T, Debash H, Reta MA. Burden of intestinal parasites among diabetic patients in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2025; 25:54. [PMID: 39799295 PMCID: PMC11724454 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-025-10441-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2025] [Indexed: 01/15/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal parasite infections remain a serious public health concern around the world, particularly in countries with inadequate sanitation. The study aims to ascertain the total magnitude of intestinal parasites in diabetes patients throughout the African countries. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the general burden of intestinal parasites among diabetic patients in Africa. METHODS A systematic search was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol for studies reporting intestinal parasite infections in patients with diabetes through January 01/2000 to August13/2024. The collected data were analyzed using STATA software version 17. Seven case-control studies and nine cross-sectional studies were included in this study. Heterogeneity across studies was assessed using Cochran's Q statistic and I2 statistics. Subgroup analysis was carried out when the I2 value exceeded 50%, indicating substantial heterogeneity. RESULTS In the current systematic review and meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence of intestinal parasites in diabetic patients was 31% (95% CI: 23-38%) with heterogeneity of I2 = 95.94%; P < 0.001. The highest prevalence based on geographical area was in region of the Egypt 39% (95% CI: 26-52%), and based on study design was in case control studies 40% (95% CI: 28-52%). Poor hygiene and sanitation(P < 0.001), as well as diabetes mellitus status (P < 0.001), were statistically significant factors associated with patients who have diabetes. CONCLUSION Patients with diabetes are a high-risk group for intestinal parasitic infections and should be prioritized for screening. Therefore, it is essential to implement preventative measures for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marye Nigatie Debash
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, P.O. box 400, Woldia, Ethiopia.
| | - Getinet Kumie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, P.O. box 400, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Assefa Sisay
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, P.O. box 400, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Gedfie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, P.O. box 400, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Wagaw Abebe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, P.O. box 400, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Agenagnew Ashagre
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, P.O. box 400, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Misganaw
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, P.O. box 400, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Habtu Debash
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Melese Abate Reta
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, P.O. box 400, Woldia, Ethiopia
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Sterba G, Sterba Y. Parasitic and Fungal Triggers of Cytokine Storm Syndrome. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1448:293-305. [PMID: 39117823 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-59815-9_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Infections caused by parasites and fungi can trigger the cytokine storm syndrome (CSS). These infections causing CSS can occur together with acquired immunodeficiencies, lymphomas, the use of immunosuppressive medications, transplant recipients, cancer, autoinflammatory, and autoimmune diseases or less frequently in healthy individuals. Histoplasma, Leishmania, Plasmodium, and Toxoplasma are the most frequent organisms associated with a CSS. It is very important to determine a previous travel history when evaluating a patient with a CSS triggered by these organisms as this may be the clue to the causal agent. Even though CSS is treated with specific therapies, an effort to find the causal organism should be carried out since the treatment of the infectious organism may stop the CSS. Diagnosing a CSS in the presence of parasitic or fungal sepsis should also lead to the study of an altered cytotoxic or hemophagocytic response in the susceptible host.
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Gildner TE, Cepon-Robins TJ. Rural Embodiment and Community Health: an Anthropological Case Study on Biocultural Determinants of Tropical Disease Infection and Immune System Development in the USA. CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2023; 10:26-39. [PMID: 36714157 PMCID: PMC9868515 DOI: 10.1007/s40475-023-00282-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Biocultural methods are critically important for identifying environmental and socioeconomic factors linked with tropical disease risk and outcomes. For example, embodiment theory refers to the process by which lived experiences impact individual biology. Increased exposure to pathogens, chronic psychosocial stress, and unequal resource access are all outcomes linked with discrimination and poverty. Through lived experiences, race and socioeconomic inequality can literally become embodied-get under the skin and affect physiology-impacting immune responses and contributing to lifelong health disparities. Yet, few studies have investigated tropical disease patterns and associated immune function using embodiment theory to understand lasting physiological impacts associated with living in a high-pathogen environment. Recent Findings Here, we use preliminary data drawn from the Rural Embodiment and Community Health (REACH) study to assess whether pathogen exposure and immune stimulation within a sample of children from the Mississippi Delta are associated with household income. We also test whether immune marker levels-assessed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using dried blood spot samples-vary between the REACH sample and a similarly aged nationally representative NHANES sample. Immune marker levels did not differ significantly between REACH participants living below vs. above the federal poverty line, yet immunoglobulin E levels-a marker of macroparasite infection-were higher among REACH study participants compared to the NHANES sample. Summary These results may suggest community-level pathogenic exposures (i.e., parasitic infections) are embodied by REACH participants with implications for long-term immune function, potentially resulting in immune aspects that differ from nationally representative samples. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40475-023-00282-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa E Gildner
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Tara J Cepon-Robins
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO USA
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Nateqi M, Baliga V, Hegde V. Infection and obesity: Two sides of the same coin. VIRAL, PARASITIC, BACTERIAL, AND FUNGAL INFECTIONS 2023:73-85. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85730-7.00001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
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Zibaei M, Bahadory S, Saadati H, Pourrostami K, Firoozeh F, Foroutan M. Intestinal parasites and diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. New Microbes New Infect 2023; 51:101065. [PMID: 36654940 PMCID: PMC9841285 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2022.101065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigating the association between infectious agents and non-communicable diseases is an interesting emerging field of research. Intestinal parasites (IPs) are one of the causes of gastrointestinal complications, malnutrition, growth retardation and disturbances in host metabolism, which can play a potential role in metabolic diseases such as diabetes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of IPs in diabetic patients and the association between IPs and diabetes. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted from January 2000 to November 2022in published records by using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases as well as Google scholar search engine; Out of a total of 29 included studies, fourteen cross-sectional studies (2676 diabetic subjects) and 15 case-control studies (5478 diabetic/non-diabetic subjects) were reviewed. The pooled prevalence of IPs in diabetics and the Odds Ratio (OR) were evaluated by CMA V2. RESULTS In the current systematic review and meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence of IPs in diabetic patients was 26.5% (95% CI: 21.8-31.7%) with heterogeneity of I2 = 93.24%; P < 0.001. The highest prevalence based on geographical area was in Region of the Americas (13.3% (95% CI: 9.6-18.0)).There was significant association between the prevalence of intestinal parasites in diabetic cases compared to controls (OR, 1.72; 95% CI: 1.06-2.78). CONCLUSION In line with the high prevalence of IPs in diabetic patients, significant association was found however, due to the limitations of the study, more studies should be conducted in developing countries and, the prevalence of IPs in diabetics should not be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zibaei
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Evidence-based Phytotherapy and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Saeed Bahadory
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Saadati
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Kumars Pourrostami
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Firoozeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Masoud Foroutan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
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Wester CW, Shepherd BE, Wudil UJ, Musa BM, Ingles DJ, Prigmore HL, Dankishiya FS, Ahonkhai AA, Grema BA, Budge PJ, Takakura A, Olabisi OA, Winkler CA, Kopp JB, Bonventre JV, Wyatt CM, Aliyu MH. Etiology of Persistent Microalbuminuria in Nigeria (P_MICRO study): protocol and study design. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:591. [PMID: 35787257 PMCID: PMC9251938 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07531-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalbuminuria is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and kidney disease and a predictor of end organ damage, both in the general population and in persons with HIV (PWH). Microalbuminuria is also an important risk factor for mortality in PWH treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART). In the ongoing Renal Risk Reduction (R3) study in Nigeria, we identified a high prevalence of microalbuminuria confirmed by two measurements 4-8 weeks apart in ART-experienced, virologically suppressed PWH. Although Stage 1 or 2 hypertension and exposure to potentially nephrotoxic antiretroviral medications were common in R3 participants, other traditional risk factors for albuminuria and kidney disease, including diabetes, APOL1 high-risk genotype, and smoking were rare. Co-infection with endemic pathogens may also be significant contributors to albuminuria, but co-infections were not evaluated in the R3 study population. METHODS In Aim 1, we will cross-sectionally compare the prevalence of albuminuria and established kidney disease risk factors in a cohort of PWH to age- and sex-matched HIV-negative adults presenting for routine care at the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital in Kano, Nigeria. We will leverage stored specimens from 2500 R3 participants and enroll an additional 500 PLWH recently initiated on ART (≤ 24 months) and 750 age- and sex-matched HIV-negative adults to determine the contribution of HIV, hypertension, and other comorbid medical conditions to prevalent albuminuria. In Aim 2, we will follow a cohort of 1000 HIV-positive, ART-treated and 500 HIV-negative normoalbuminuric adults for 30 months to evaluate the incidence and predictors of albuminuria. DISCUSSION The findings from this study will support the development of interventions to prevent or address microalbuminuria in PWH to reduce kidney and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Such interventions might include more intensive monitoring and treatment of traditional risk factors, the provision of renin-angiotensin aldosterone system or sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, consideration of changes in ART regimen, and screening and treatment for relevant co-infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- C William Wester
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health (VIGH), 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 750, Nashville, TN, 37203-1738, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, 37203-1738, USA.
| | - Bryan E Shepherd
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Usman J Wudil
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health (VIGH), 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 750, Nashville, TN, 37203-1738, USA
| | - Baba Maiyaki Musa
- Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), Kano, Nigeria
- Africa Center of Excellence for Population Health and Policy, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Donna J Ingles
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health (VIGH), 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 750, Nashville, TN, 37203-1738, USA
| | - Heather L Prigmore
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Aima A Ahonkhai
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health (VIGH), 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 750, Nashville, TN, 37203-1738, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, 37203-1738, USA
| | - Bukar A Grema
- Department of Family Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), Kano, Nigeria
| | - Philip J Budge
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ayumi Takakura
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Renal Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Opeyemi A Olabisi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cheryl A Winkler
- Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Kopp
- Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joseph V Bonventre
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Renal Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christina M Wyatt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Muktar H Aliyu
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health (VIGH), 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 750, Nashville, TN, 37203-1738, USA
- Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA
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Furch BD, Mwakamui S, Sianongo S, Zyambo K, Heimburger DC, Koethe JR, Kelly P. Contribution of Schistosoma mansoni to systemic inflammation and microbial translocation among people with HIV in Zambia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2021; 116:179-186. [PMID: 34263318 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trab103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosoma mansoni is hyperendemic in many rural areas of Zambia where up to 77% of people are positive for infection via serologic evaluation. Zambia also has a high prevalence of HIV infection. Individually, S. mansoni and HIV infection impair gastrointestinal barrier integrity and induce inflammation, but the effects of coinfection are not well understood. We set out to test the hypothesis that HIV would exacerbate intestinal barrier failure in patients with S. mansoni infection. METHODS Adults attending medical outpatient clinics in Kaoma, Western Province, Zambia, were enrolled in a case-control study to determine the relative contributions of schistosomiasis and HIV to microbial translocation (measured as soluble CD14 [sCD14] and lipopolysaccharide binding protein [LBP]) and inflammation (measured as CRP). RESULTS Among 152 adults evaluated, 74 (49%) were HIV-seropositive, 45 (29%) were shedding schistosome ova (Kato-Katz), 120 (81%) were seropositive for schistosome antibodies (i.e. prior or current infection, with or without egg shedding) and 16 (11%) were HIV/schistosome coinfected (defined by Kato-Katz). HIV infection was associated with higher circulating sCD14 concentrations (p=0.003 by Kruskal-Wallis test), but schistosomiasis was not. HIV infection was associated with greater exposure to schistosomes assessed serologically (OR=2.48, 95% CI 1.05 to 5.86; p=0.03), but reduced likelihood of egg shedding (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.21 to 1.01; p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS There was no evidence for a compounding or synergistic effect of coinfection on microbial translocation that appeared to be correlated with HIV infection. Further studies are needed to understand how the increase in LBP secondary to HIV infection may decrease schistosome egg excretion in coinfected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana D Furch
- Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutrition Group, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Nationalist Road, Lusaka, Zambia.,Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Dr, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Simutanyi Mwakamui
- Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutrition Group, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Nationalist Road, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Sandie Sianongo
- University Teaching Hospital, Nationalist Rd, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Kanekwa Zyambo
- Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutrition Group, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Nationalist Road, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Douglas C Heimburger
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Dr, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Zambia School of Medicine Nationalist Rd, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - John R Koethe
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Dr, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Paul Kelly
- Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutrition Group, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Nationalist Road, Lusaka, Zambia.,Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, London E1 2AD, UK
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Calegar DA, Bacelar PA, Monteiro KJL, dos Santos JP, Gonçalves AB, Boia MN, Jaeger LH, Coronato-Nunes B, Carvalho-Costa FA. A community-based, cross-sectional study to assess interactions between income, nutritional status and enteric parasitism in two Brazilian cities: are we moving positively towards 2030? JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2021; 40:26. [PMID: 34099052 PMCID: PMC8186086 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-021-00252-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study assessed the interactions between income, nutritional status and intestinal parasitism in children in Brazil. METHODS A cross-sectional study (n = 421 children aged 1 to 14 years living in the states of Piauí (rural communities in the city of Teresina) and Rio de Janeiro (rural and periurban communities in the city of Cachoeiras de Macacu) was performed in order to obtain income and anthropometric data, as well as fecal samples for parasitological analyses through the Ritchie technique. RESULTS Children infected with Ascaris lumbricoides had significantly lower means of height-for-age z scores (- 1.36 ± 0.75 vs. - 0.11 ± 1.02; p < 0.001), weight-for-age z scores (- 1.23 ± 0.74 vs. 0.09 ± 1.15; p = 0.001), and weight-for-height z scores (- 0.68 ± 0.44 vs. 0.23 ± 1.25; p = 0.006) when compared with uninfected children. Infection with hookworm was also associated with lower means of height-for-age z scores (- 1.08 ± 1.17 vs. - 0.12 ± 1.02; p = 0.015) and weight-for-age z scores (- 1.03 ± 1.13 vs. 0.08 ± 1.15; p = 0.012). Children infected with Entamoeba coli presented significantly lower means of height-for-age z scores (- 0.54 ± 1.02 vs. - 0.09 ± 1.02; p = 0.005) and weight-for-age z scores (- 0.44 ± 1.15 vs. 0.12 ± 1.15; p = 0.002). The multivariate multiple linear regression analysis showed that height-for-age z scores are independently influenced by monthly per capita family income (β = 0.145; p = 0.003), female gender (β = 0.117; p = 0.015), and infections with A. lumbricoides (β = - 0.141; p = 0.006) and Entamoeba coli (β = - 0.100; p = 0.043). Weight-for-age z scores are influenced by monthly per capita family income (β = 0.175; p < 0.001), female gender (β = 0.123; p = 0.010), and infections with A. lumbricoides (β = - 0.127; p = 0.012), and Entamoeba coli (β = - 0.101; p = 0.039). Monthly per capita family income (β = 0.102; p = 0.039) and female gender (β = 0.134; p = 0.007) positively influences mid upper arm circumpherence. CONCLUSIONS Intestinal parasitism and low family income negatively influence the physical development of children in low-income communities in different Brazilian regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deiviane A. Calegar
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Polyanna A. Bacelar
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Escritório Técnico Regional - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Piauí, Rua Magalhães Filho, 519, Centro/Norte, Teresina, Piauí Brazil
| | - Kerla J. L. Monteiro
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Escritório Técnico Regional - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Piauí, Rua Magalhães Filho, 519, Centro/Norte, Teresina, Piauí Brazil
| | - Jessica P. dos Santos
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Escritório Técnico Regional - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Piauí, Rua Magalhães Filho, 519, Centro/Norte, Teresina, Piauí Brazil
| | - Andressa B. Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Márcio N. Boia
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Lauren H. Jaeger
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n – Campus Universitário Bairro São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Beatriz Coronato-Nunes
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis (FMP)/ Centro Universitário Arthur Sá Earp Neto (UNIFASE), Rua Machado Fagundes, 326, Cascatinha, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Filipe A. Carvalho-Costa
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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Calegar DA, Monteiro KJL, Bacelar PAA, Evangelista BBC, Almeida MM, Dos Santos JP, Boia MN, Coronato-Nunes B, Jaeger LH, Carvalho-Costa FA. Epidemiology, species composition and genetic diversity of tetra- and octonucleated Entamoeba spp. in different Brazilian biomes. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:160. [PMID: 33731176 PMCID: PMC7968159 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04672-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Entamoeba species harbored by humans have different degrees of pathogenicity. The present study explores the intra- and interspecific diversity, phylogenetic relationships, prevalence and distribution of tetra- and octonucleated cyst-producing Entamoeba in different Brazilian regions. Methods Cross-sectional studies were performed to collect fecal samples (n = 1728) and sociodemographic data in communities located in four Brazilian biomes: Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, Cerrado, and Amazon. Fecal samples were subjected to molecular analysis by partial small subunit ribosomal DNA sequencing (SSU rDNA) and phylogenetic analysis. Results Light microscopy analysis revealed that tetranucleated cysts were found in all the studied biomes. The highest positivity rates were observed in the age group 6–10 years (23.21%). For octonucleated cysts, positivity rates ranged from 1 to 55.1%. Sixty SSU rDNA Entamoeba sequences were obtained, and four different species were identified: the octonucleated E. coli, and the tetranucleated E. histolytica, E. dispar, and E. hartmanni. Novel haplotypes (n = 32) were characterized; however, new ribosomal lineages were not identified. The Entamoeba coli ST1 subtype predominated in Atlantic Forest and Caatinga, and the ST2 subtype was predominant in the Amazon biome. E. histolytica was detected only in the Amazon biome. In phylogenetic trees, sequences were grouped in two groups, the first containing uni- and tetranucleated and the second containing uni- and octonucleated cyst-producing Entamoeba species. Molecular diversity indexes revealed a high interspecific diversity for tetra- and octonucleated Entamoeba spp. (H ± SD = 0.9625 ± 0.0126). The intraspecific diversity varied according to species or subtype: E. dispar and E. histolytica showed lower diversity than E. coli subtypes ST1 and ST2 and E. hartmanni. Conclusions Tetra- and octonucleated cyst-producing Entamoeba are endemic in the studied communities; E. histolytica was found in a low proportion and only in the Amazon biome. With regard to E. coli, subtype ST2 was predominant in the Amazon biome. The molecular epidemiology of Entamoeba spp. is a field to be further explored and provides information with important implications for public health. ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-04672-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deiviane Aparecida Calegar
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Kerla Joeline Lima Monteiro
- Centro/Norte, Escritório Técnico Regional - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Piauí, Rua Magalhães Filho, 519, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Polyanna Araújo Alves Bacelar
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Centro/Norte, Escritório Técnico Regional - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Piauí, Rua Magalhães Filho, 519, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Brenda Bulsara Costa Evangelista
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Centro/Norte, Escritório Técnico Regional - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Piauí, Rua Magalhães Filho, 519, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Mayron Morais Almeida
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Pereira Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Centro/Norte, Escritório Técnico Regional - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Piauí, Rua Magalhães Filho, 519, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Márcio Neves Boia
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Coronato-Nunes
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis (FMP)/Faculdade Arthur Sá Earp Neto (FASE), Rua Machado Fagundes, 326, Cascatinha, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lauren Hubert Jaeger
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n - Campus Universitário, Bairro São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Intestinal parasites may be associated with later behavioral problems in internationally adopted children. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245786. [PMID: 33493225 PMCID: PMC7833226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim At arrival in new home country, internationally adopted children often have intestinal parasites. International adoptees also exhibit more behavioral problems than their biological peers. We examined whether intestinal parasite infections in international adoptees on arrival in Finland are associated with their later behavioral and emotional problems. Methods Data for this study were sourced from the Finnish Adoption Study (FinAdo) based on parental questionnaires for all internationally adopted children under 18 years (n = 1450) who arrived in Finland from 1985 to 2007. A total of 1293 families provided sufficient information on the adoptee’s background, parasitic status on arrival, and behavioral symptoms at the median time of 5 years after arrival (mean age = 7.8 years). Behavioral and emotional disorders were evaluated with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Statistical analyses were conducted using linear regression. Results Of the 1293 families, parents of 206 adoptive children reported intestinal parasites in their adopted children on arrival. Parasite-infected children had subsequently higher CBCL problem scores than the children without parasites (p < 0.001). The association between intestinal parasites and later behavioral problems was stronger than that between intestinal parasites and any other factors measured in this study, except disability. Limitations The control group was naturally provided by the adopted children without parasite infections, but we could not compare the adopted children to non-adopted children without a defined parasite infection. We were unable to specify the effects associated with a specific parasite type. It was not possible either to include multiple environmental factors that could have been associated with behavioral problems in the models, which indicated only modest explanatory values. Conclusions In this study, intestinal parasite infections in early childhood may be associated with children’s later psychological wellbeing, even in children who move to a country with a low prevalence of parasites. Our findings may support further developments pertaining to the gut-brain theory.
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Rynkiewicz EC, Clerc M, Babayan SA, Pedersen AB. Variation in Local and Systemic Pro-Inflammatory Immune Markers of Wild Wood Mice after Anthelmintic Treatment. Integr Comp Biol 2020; 59:1190-1202. [PMID: 31368489 PMCID: PMC6863754 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icz136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system represents a host's main defense against infection to parasites and pathogens. In the wild, a host's response to immune challenges can vary due to physiological condition, demography (age, sex), and coinfection by other parasites or pathogens. These sources of variation, which are intrinsic to natural populations, can significantly impact the strength and type of immune responses elicited after parasite exposure and infection. Importantly, but often neglected, a host's immune response can also vary within the individual, across tissues and between local and systemic scales. Consequently, how a host responds at each scale may impact its susceptibility to concurrent and subsequent infections. Here we analyzed how characteristics of hosts and their parasite infections drive variation in the pro-inflammatory immune response in wild wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) at both the local and systemic scale by experimentally manipulating within-host parasite communities through anthelmintic drug treatment. We measured concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) produced in vitro in response to a panel of toll-like receptor agonists at the local (mesenteric lymph nodes [MLNs]) and systemic (spleen) scales of individuals naturally infected with two gastrointestinal parasites, the nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus and the protozoan Eimeria hungaryensis. Anthelmintic-treated mice had a 20-fold lower worm burden compared to control mice, as well as a four-fold higher intensity of the non-drug targeted parasite E. hungaryensis. Anthelmintic treatment differentially impacted levels of TNF-α expression in males and females at the systemic and local scales, with treated males producing higher, and treated females lower, levels of TNF-α, compared to control mice. Also, TNF-α was affected by host age, at the local scale, with MLN cells of young, treated mice producing higher levels of TNF-α than those of old, treated mice. Using complementary, but distinct, measures of inflammation measured across within-host scales allowed us to better assess the wood mouse immune response to changes in parasite infection dynamics after anthelmintic treatment. This same approach could be used to understand helminth infections and responses to parasite control measures in other systems in order to gain a broader view of how variation impacts the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn C Rynkiewicz
- Fashion Institute of Technology, State University of New York, New York, NY 10001, USA
| | - Melanie Clerc
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Simon A Babayan
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Amy B Pedersen
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK
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12
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Feleke BE, Beyene MB, Feleke TE, Jember TH, Abera B. Intestinal parasitic infection among household contacts of primary cases, a comparative cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221190. [PMID: 31589618 PMCID: PMC6779256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal parasitic infection affects 3.5 billion people in the world and mostly affecting the low socio-economic groups. The objectives of this research works were to estimate the prevalence and determinants of intestinal parasitic infection among family members of known intestinal parasite infected patients. Methods and materials A comparative cross-sectional study design was implemented in the urban and rural settings of Mecha district. The data were collected from August 2017toMarch 2019 from intestinal parasite infected patient household members. Epi-info software was used to calculate the sample size, 4531 household members were estimated to be included. Data were collected using interview technique, and collecting stool samples from each household contact of intestinal parasite patients. Descriptive statistics were used to estimate the prevalence of intestinal parasites among known contacts of intestinal parasite patients/family members. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the determinant factors of intestinal parasitic infection among family members. Results The prevalence of intestinal parasite among household contacts of intestinal parasite-infected family members was 86.14% [95% CI: 86.14% - 87.15%]. Hookworm infection was the predominant type of infection (18.8%). Intestinal parasitic infection was associated with sex, environmental sanitation, overcrowding, personal hygiene, residence, substandard house, role in the household, source of light for the house, trimmed fingernails, family size, regular handwashing practice. Protozoa infection was associated with habit of ingesting raw vegetable, playing with domestic animals, water source and the presence of household water filtering materials. Conclusion High prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was observed among household contacts of primary cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berhanu Elfu Feleke
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Bahir Dar, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Melkamu Bedimo Beyene
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Bahir Dar, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Tadesse Hailu Jember
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia
| | - Bayeh Abera
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia
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Zavala GA, García OP, Camacho M, Ronquillo D, Campos‐Ponce M, Doak C, Polman K, Rosado JL. Intestinal parasites: Associations with intestinal and systemic inflammation. Parasite Immunol 2018; 40:e12518. [PMID: 29364525 PMCID: PMC5901043 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate associations between intestinal parasitic infection with intestinal and systemic inflammatory markers in school-aged children with high rates of obesity. Plasma concentrations of C-Reactive Protein (CRP), leptin, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 were measured as systemic inflammation markers and count of stool leukocytes as marker of intestinal inflammation in 291 children (6-10 years). Intestinal parasitic infection was measured by stool examination. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the odds of having high inflammatory markers for each parasite or group of parasites as compared to parasite-free children while adjusting for sex, age, mother's educational level and percentage of body fat. The prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths and intestinal protozoa infections was 12% and 36%, respectively. Parasitic infection was not associated with CRP, IL-6, IL-10 or TNF-α. Children infected with Ascaris lumbricoides (aOR: 5.91, 95% CI: 1.97-17.70) and Entamoeba coli (aOR: 8.46, 95% CI: 2.85-25.14) were more likely to have higher stool leucocytes than parasite-free children. Children with multiple infections (aOR: 10.60, 95% CI: 2.85-25.14) were more likely to have higher leptin concentrations than parasite-free children. Intestinal parasitic infection was not associated with systemic inflammation, but was associated with intestinal inflammation. Having multiple infections were associated with higher leptin concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. A. Zavala
- Facultad de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad Autónoma de QuerétaroQuerétaroMexico
- Faculty of Earth & Life SciencesVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - O. P. García
- Facultad de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad Autónoma de QuerétaroQuerétaroMexico
| | - M. Camacho
- Facultad de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad Autónoma de QuerétaroQuerétaroMexico
| | - D. Ronquillo
- Facultad de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad Autónoma de QuerétaroQuerétaroMexico
| | - M. Campos‐Ponce
- Faculty of Earth & Life SciencesVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - C. Doak
- Faculty of Earth & Life SciencesVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - K. Polman
- Faculty of Earth & Life SciencesVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical SciencesInstitute of Tropical Medicine AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - J. L. Rosado
- Facultad de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad Autónoma de QuerétaroQuerétaroMexico
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