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Li CX, Leng J, Xiang K. Association of lifestyle behaviors and oral health care needs: Mediating effects of inflammatory markers. Prev Med 2024; 184:108003. [PMID: 38754737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mounting evidence indicates that modifiable risk factors such as lifestyle behaviors may be involved in the occurrence of oral diseases. However, existing research doesn't come to a unanimous consent. This study aims to evaluate the association between lifestyle behaviors and oral health care needs. METHODS This study used the nationally representative dataset from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from March 2017 to 2020 pre-pandemic. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate lifestyle behavioral factors that influence oral health care needs. Mediation analysis was performed to explore the roles of inflammatory markers in the relationship between physical activities and oral problems. RESULTS After adjusting for covariates, multivariate analysis indicated that flossing (OR = 0.590, 95% CI, 0.510-0.682, P < 0.001), moderate alcohol consumption (per week: OR = 0.717, 95% CI, 0.588-0.873, P < 0.001; per month/year: OR = 0.794, 95% CI, 0.669-0.942, P = 0.008) and participation in recreational activities (vigorous recreational activities: OR = 0.548, 95% CI, 0.462-0.648, P < 0.001; moderate recreational activities: OR = 0.629, 95% CI, 0.549-0.721, P < 0.001) significantly reduced oral health care needs. In addition, sleep duration of 7-9 h was associated with lower oral health care needs compared to less or more sleep duration (<7 h or > 9 h) (OR = 0.851, 95% CI, 0.741-0.976, P = 0.021). Mediation analysis suggested that white blood cell (WBC) counts and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations acted significant mediating roles in the association between recreational activities and oral problems. CONCLUSIONS The possible beneficial effects of healthy lifestyle behaviors on oral health will guide individuals to develop good habits, thereby reducing the burden of oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Xi Li
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Leng
- Anhui Academy of Medical Sciences, Hefei, China.
| | - Kun Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Mitani A, Matsuura T, Aino M, Hayashi JI, Nishida E, Hori M, Kikuchi T. Effectiveness of novel oral hygiene instruction avoiding inattentional blindness using an application for unique plaque control record calculation: A randomized clinical trial. J Periodontal Res 2024; 59:458-467. [PMID: 38186286 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to estimate the effectiveness of novel oral hygiene instruction (OHI) focusing on areas with deep periodontal pockets for reduction of periodontal inflammation. BACKGROUND DATA DISCUSSING THE PRESENT STATUS OF THE FIELD Because stained areas on the plaque chart do not always correspond to the areas with deep periodontal pockets, conventional OHI based on O'Leary's plaque control record (PCR) often provides guidance inconsistent with the target area. METHODS This randomized clinical trial involved two groups: (1) OHI based on the PCR limited in deep pocket sites (novel OHI group) and (2) OHI based on O'Leary's PCR (conventional OHI group). The unique PCR (aggressive target for PCR [agPCR]; only counting the plaque-stained areas with PD at ≥4 mm sites) for the novel OHI was calculate by dedicated expression program. The probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) were obtained at the baseline and 5 to 6 months later. RESULTS The approximation curve with PISA before and after instruction indicated that the PISA converged to a lower value after instruction in the novel OHI group. The approximation curve with the improvement rate of the PISA and agPCR showed a positive correlation in the novel OHI group but no correlation in the conventional OHI group. CONCLUSION Control of inflammation was more effective in the novel OHI group. These results suggest that this novel OHI technique using our developed application could be used as a strategy to improve the effectiveness of brushing instruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Mitani
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takato Matsuura
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Makoto Aino
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Hayashi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eisaku Nishida
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Miki Hori
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kikuchi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
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Hotic M, Ackermann M, Bopp J, Hofmann N, Karygianni L, Paqué PN. Critical hydrodynamic force levels for efficient removal of oral biofilms in simulated interdental spaces. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:346. [PMID: 38819592 PMCID: PMC11142948 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05739-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sonic toothbrushes generate hydrodynamic shear forces for oral biofilm removal on tooth surfaces, but the effective thresholds for biofilm removal remain unexplored. This in vitro study aimed to investigate various threshold values for hydrodynamic biofilm removal in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS A specialized test bench was designed with a known water flow field within a gap, ensuring that hydrodynamic shear forces on the wall were solely dependent on the volume flow, which was quantifiable using an integrated flow meter and proven by a computational fluid dynamics simulation. A young 20 h supragingival six-species biofilm was developed on hydroxyapatite disks (∅ 5 mm) and applied into the test bench, subjecting them to ascending force levels ranging from 0 to 135 Pa. The remaining biofilms were quantified using colony forming units (CFU) and subjected to statistical analysis through one-way ANOVA. RESULTS Volume flow measures < 0.1 l/s: Error 1% of reading were established with the test bench. Untreated biofilms (0 Pa, no hydrodynamic shear forces) reached 7.7E7 CFU/harvest and differed significantly from all treated biofilm groups. CFU reductions of up to 2.3E6 were detected using 20 Pa, and reductions of two orders of magnitude were reached above wall shear forces of 45 Pa (6.9E5). CONCLUSIONS Critical hydrodynamic force levels of at least 20 Pa appear to be necessary to have a discernible impact on initial biofilm removal. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Pure hydrodynamic forces alone are insufficient for adequate biofilm removal. The addition of antiseptics is essential to penetrate and disrupt hydrodynamically loosened biofilm structures effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merima Hotic
- School of Engineering, Institute of Thermal and Fluid Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Windisch, Switzerland
| | - Mario Ackermann
- School of Engineering, Institute of Thermal and Fluid Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Windisch, Switzerland
| | - Joshua Bopp
- University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Windisch, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Hofmann
- School of Engineering, Institute of Thermal and Fluid Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Windisch, Switzerland
| | - Lamprini Karygianni
- Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Clinic for Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pune Nina Paqué
- Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry, Plattenstrasse 11, Zurich, CH-8032, Switzerland.
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Schmidlin PR, Schmidlin TM, Gubler A, Brändli S, Attin T. Description of a new laboratory evaluation method of interdental brush abrasion as a clinical hazard. Int J Dent Hyg 2024; 22:458-464. [PMID: 37661658 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To simulate the abrasive potential of an interdental brush when applied with toothpastes and prophylactic gels/solutions in a novel laboratory brushing simulation set-up. METHODS A brushing device was customized to treat dentin samples mimicking a simplified interdental space with an interdental brush (ISO 2). The brushing, that is, 7200 strokes for 1 h, was performed with artificial saliva (control), a povidone-iodine solution, and slurries of chlorhexidine and fluoride gels as well as three toothpastes with different RDA values ranging from 29 to 100, respectively. The loss of dentin was profilometrically assessed and compared with ANOVA and Fishers LSD. RESULTS While artificial saliva as control, the solution and the gel slurries showed no measurable dentin loss, toothpastes resulted in a measurable linear surface damage with respect to the actual intrinsic RDA values and ranged from 12.6 to 26.5 μm (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Any interdental cleaning product should be tailored and carefully instructed. Any over- and misuse should be avoided, which applies especially to the use of interdental brushes in combination with abrasive toothpastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R Schmidlin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tim M Schmidlin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Gubler
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Brändli
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Deinzer R, Jordan AR. Periodontal health literacy in Germany-Results of a telephone survey. Int J Dent Hyg 2024. [PMID: 38575852 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assess the periodontal health literacy of German adolescents, adults and senior residents. BACKGROUND The prevalence of periodontitis is high. One explanation for this may be that people lack periodontal health literacy (PHL). METHODS This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Former participants of the 5th German Oral Health Study (n = 333 16-year-olds, n = 307 39-48-year-olds, n = 332 69-78-year-olds) participated in a computer-assisted telephone interview. Open-ended questions (OEQs) were used to assess the participants' current knowledge. Corresponding single- and multiple-choice questions (SCQs and MCQs) supplemented the OEQs to allow detailed analyses of the nature of the knowledge gaps. RESULTS Less than 10% of the participants in the three age groups could explain the term 'periodontitis' or select the correct answer in an SCQ. Responding to the OEQs, 89% of 16-year olds, 64% of 39-48-year-olds, and 59% of 69-78-year-olds, could not name any consequence of periodontitis, and 83%, 51%, and 60%, respectively, could not name any risk factors. The OEQs regarding proper oral hygiene behaviour revealed that participants lacked awareness regarding important aspects of oral hygiene (e.g., systematics) or areas to which they should pay attention to (e.g., interdental spaces and gingival margins). CONCLUSIONS The survey revealed PHL deficits in German adolescents, adults, and seniors and a need for community-based measures to improve PHL in all age groups. Dental teams should be aware that their patients might lack the PHL necessary for understanding and adherence to professional dental advice, and that they might even lack PHL regarding the proper use of oral hygiene devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Deinzer
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Psychology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Härdter AK, Nordloh A, Cyris M, Straßburger M, Rinder T, Dörfer CE, Sälzer S, Graetz C. New design of interdental rubber picks - does the archimedean screw design bring an improvement for experimental cleaning efficacy and force? BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:404. [PMID: 38553668 PMCID: PMC10981285 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to date, interdental brushes (IDB) are the first choice for interdental cleaning because of their cleaning efficacy. Cylindrical ones must be selected individually according to the size/morphology of the interdental area (IDR), whereas conical ones cover a larger variability of IDR. However, there is a trend on the part of patients towards interdental rubber picks (IRP) which are in general conically shaped, and which seem to be linked with lower cleaning efficacy. A new IRP with an Archimedes´ screw design was developed to overcome this limitation. Therefore, the in vitro study aimed to measure the experimental cleaning efficacy (ECE) and force (ECF) during interdental use of IDBs versus the new IRP type. METHODS Three IRPs with different tapers (PHB angled: 0.039, PHB straight S: 0.027, Vitis straight M: 0.045; all Flexipicks, Dentaid, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain) were compared to one IDB (Interprox micro PHD 0.9, Dentaid, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain). IDR were reproduced by a 3D-printer (Form2, Formlabs Sommerville, MA, USA) according to human teeth and matched to equivalent pairs (isosceles triangle, concave, convex) in three different diameters (1.0 mm,1.1 mm,1.3 mm). Covered with simulated biofilm, pre-/ post-brushing situations of IDR (standardized, computer-aided ten cycles) were photographed and quantified by digital image subtraction to calculate ECE [%]. ECF were registered with a load cell [N]. Statistically significant differences were detected using the Mann-Whitney-U-test and the Kruskal-Wallis-test with Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. RESULTS Overall, the ECE (mean ± SD) was higher for IDB micro 0.9 (45.95 ± 11.34%, p < 0.001) compared to all IRPs (PHB angled: 25.37 ± 15.29%; PHB straight: 22.28 ± 16.75%; Vitis straight: 25.24 ± 12.21%; p ≤ 0.001), whereat best ECE was achieved in isosceles triangle IDR of 1.0-1.1 mm (IDB micro 0.9: 70.7 ± 7.7%; PHB angled S: 57.30 ± 4.43%; p < 0.001). The highest ECF occurred for Vitis straight M with 2.11 ± 0.46 N, while IDB micro 0.9 showed lowest ECF values (0.64 ± 0.14 N; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS IRP with an Archimedes´ screw design and a higher taper were associated with advanced ECE but also higher ECF, nevertheless, ECE didn't reach the cleaning efficacy of conventional IDBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kristin Härdter
- Clinic of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus B, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Nordloh
- Clinic of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus B, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Miriam Cyris
- Clinic of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus B, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Straßburger
- Clinic of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus B, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Rinder
- Institute of Mechatronics, Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Kiel University of Applied Sciences, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christof E Dörfer
- Clinic of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus B, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sonja Sälzer
- Clinic of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus B, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Graetz
- Clinic of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus B, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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Areid N, Abushahba F, Riivari S, Närhi T. Effect of TiO 2 Abutment Coatings on Peri-Implant Soft Tissue Behavior: A Systematic Review of In Vivo Studies. Int J Dent 2024; 2024:9079673. [PMID: 38533472 PMCID: PMC10965279 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9079673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Establishing a proper soft tissue adhesion around the implant abutment is essential to prevent microbial invasion, inhibit epithelial downgrowth, and obtain an optimal healing process. This systematic review aims to evaluate the real potential of TiO2 coating on the behavior of peri-implant soft tissue health and maintenance. A specific aim was to evaluate clinically and histologically the effect of TiO2 abutment coating on epithelial and connective tissue attachment. Electronic database searches were conducted from 1990 to 2023 in MEDLINE/PubMed and the Web of Science databases. In total, 15 out of 485 publications were included. Eight studies involved humans, and seven were animal studies. Exposure time ranges from 2 days to 5 years. The peri-implant soft tissue evaluations included clinical assessment (plaque index (PI), peri-implant probing pocket depth (PPD), and bleeding on probing (BoP)), histological as well as histomorphometric analysis. The Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) Risk of Bias Rating Tool for Human and Animal Studies was used to evaluate the overall quality of the studies included in the review. The results showed some variation but remained within acceptable limits. Within the limitations of this systematic review, the present findings suggest that TiO2 coatings seem to influence soft tissue healing. TiO2-coated abutments with a roughness value between 0.2 and 0.5 μm enhance soft tissue health. Sol-gel-derived TiO2 coatings induced better soft tissue attachment than noncoated machined abutment surfaces. The anodized titanium abutments demonstrate comparable clinical and histological outcomes to conventional machined abutments. However, there was variation among the included studies concerning TiO2 coating characteristics and the measured outcomes used to evaluate the soft tissue response, and therefore, quantitative analysis was not feasible. Long-term in vivo studies with standardized soft tissue analysis and coating surface parameters are necessary before a definitive conclusion can be drawn. OSF Registration No.: 10.17605/OSF.IO/E5RQV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagat Areid
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku FI-20520, Finland
| | - Faleh Abushahba
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku FI-20520, Finland
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterial Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku FI-20520, Finland
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Libyan International Medical University (LIMU), Benghazi 339P+62Q, Libya
| | - Sini Riivari
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku FI-20520, Finland
| | - Timo Närhi
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku FI-20520, Finland
- Wellbeing Services County of South-West Finland, Turku FI-20521, Finland
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Hartono V, Setiadharma Y, Rizany AK, Sulijaya B, Lessang R, Haerani N, Tadjoedin ES, Masulili SLC, Tadjoedin FM, Soeroso Y, Lachica MRCT. Mobile Application-Based Support for Periodontal Treatment Improves Clinical, Cognitive, and Psychomotor Outcomes: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:63. [PMID: 38534287 DOI: 10.3390/dj12030063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the clinical, cognitive, and psychomotor changes that emerged among patients with gingivitis and patients with periodontitis via mobile application assistance. Forty subjects were randomly and evenly distributed into test and control groups and were administered a professional mechanical plaque removal (PMPR) procedure. The clinical parameters examined were bleeding on probing (BoP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and the oral hygiene index (OHI-S). The test group was administered a mobile application intervention, namely PerioUICare, which provided users with continuous education and motivation and served as a daily dental hygiene reminder. The comparative results of the mean values of all parameters between the groups (inter-group) and within the groups (intra-group) after one- and three-month evaluations were analyzed. A one-month inter-group evaluation uncovered significant differences in the BoP, PPD, cognitive, and psychomotor scores of subjects with gingivitis and the BoP, OHI-S, cognitive, and psychomotor scores of subjects with periodontitis. A three-month inter-group evaluation revealed significant differences across all parameters except for PPD in subjects with periodontitis. The results of the intra-group comparison demonstrated statistically significant differences in all parameters in the test group but no significant differences in the cognitive and psychomotor scores of the control group. This study revealed that mobile application-based support for periodontal treatment can be considered effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdy Hartono
- Periodontology Specialist Program, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Yoga Setiadharma
- Periodontology Specialist Program, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Aurelle Khadeeja Rizany
- Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Benso Sulijaya
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Robert Lessang
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Natalina Haerani
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Ette S Tadjoedin
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Sri Lelyati C Masulili
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Fatimah Maria Tadjoedin
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Yuniarti Soeroso
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
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Zhang X, Wang X, Wu J, Wang M, Hu B, Qu H, Zhang J, Li Q. The global burden of periodontal diseases in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Oral Dis 2024; 30:754-768. [PMID: 36367304 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to report the incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of periodontal diseases during the period 1990-2019. METHODS Data on periodontal diseases were retrieved from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors study (GBD) 2019. The estimated annual percentage changes were calculated to evaluate the changing trend of age-standardized incidence, prevalence, and DALY rates related to periodontal diseases. RESULTS Globally, there were 1,087,367,744.0 cases with 91,518,820.6 new incidence and 7,090,390.3 DALYs of periodontal diseases in 2019, almost twice as many as in 1990. Moreover, the pace of increase in age-standardized incidence, age-standardized prevalence, and age-standardized DALY rates had accelerated during the 1990-2019 time period, with EAPC of 0.29 (95% CI, 0.22 to 0.35), 0.34 (95% CI, 0.26 to 0.43), and 0.35 (95% CI, 0.27 to 0.44) separately. The corresponding age-standardized percentage changes were more pronounced in females, Southeast Asia, and low-middle SDI regions. Western Sub-Saharan Africa was the high-risk area of standardized periodontal diseases burden in 2019, among which Gambia was the country with the heaviest burden. CONCLUSION The globally incidence, prevalence, and DALYs of periodontal diseases are substantially increased from 1990 to 2019, which highlights the importance and urgency of periodontal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexue Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xujie Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxian Wu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Miaoran Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Biaoyan Hu
- Graduate School of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Qu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiwei Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyan Li
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Jenkins W, Starke EM, Nelson M, Milleman K, Milleman J, Ward M. The effects of scaling and root planing plus home oral hygiene maintenance in Stage I/II periodontitis population: A 24-week randomized clinical trial. Int J Dent Hyg 2024. [PMID: 38289823 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the effects of powered and manual toothbrushing following scaling and root planing on bleeding on probing and other clinical indicators of periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a randomized, examiner-blind, parallel-design, 24-week clinical study. Eligible subjects were 18-75 years of age with Stage I or II periodontitis. All subjects received scaling and root planing (SRP) within 28 days of enrollment. Thereafter, subjects were randomized to twice daily at-home use of either a powered toothbrush (PTB) or a manual toothbrush (MTB). Randomization was balanced for gender and periodontitis stage. No other oral hygiene aids were permitted. Subjects were evaluated every 4 weeks for the following measures: bleeding on probing (BOP), surface plaque (MPI), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level until Week 24. RESULTS Of 328 randomized subjects, 299 subjects completed the study. For BOP at Week 24, the Least Squares (LS) Mean, standard error (SE) reduction from baseline was 0.24 (0.01) for the PTB group and 0.02 (0.01) for the MTB group, resulting in a statistically significant treatment difference of 0.22 (0.01), p-value < 0.0001. There were also concomitant reductions in MPI and PPD at Week 24, resulting in statistically significant (p-value < 0.0001) LS Mean (SE) treatment differences of 0.86 (0.04) and 0.24 (0.01), for MPI and PPD, respectively. CONCLUSION When combined with SRP, daily home oral hygiene maintenance including a powered toothbrush significantly reduced clinical symptoms of periodontitis and surface plaque levels compared to a manual toothbrush in a Stage I/II periodontitis population. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04254770).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Melissa Nelson
- Innovation and Strategy Chief Medical Office Philips, Bothell, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Marilyn Ward
- Philips Oral Healthcare, Bothell, Washington, USA
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Wang Y, Xu J, Yu C, Zhou X, Chang L, Liu J, Peng Q. Prevention of bacterial biofilm formation on orthodontic brackets by non-crosslinked chitosan coating. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126283. [PMID: 37582431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
During orthodontic treatment, the patients are susceptible to dental caries as a result of the bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation around the orthodontic brackets. Prevention of the caries-related biofilm formation is of significance for maintaining both aesthetics and health of the teeth. Herein, the brackets were functionalized with antibacterial activity via coating a layer of non-crosslinked chitosan (CS). We firstly demonstrated the ability of free CS scaffolds (not coated on brackets) to inhibit the formation of Streptococcus mutans biofilms (inhibition rate 94.3 % for CS-0.3 mg) and to eradicate the mature biofilms (biofilm loss rate 99.8 % for CS-1.2 mg). Further, the inhibition of S. mutans biofilm formation on brackets by CS coating was investigated for the first time. As a result, the CS-coated brackets (Br-CS) kept the great biofilm inhibition capacity of free CS scaffolds. In detail, the Br-CS, prepared by immersing brackets in CS solutions (containing 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10 mg/mL CS) and freeze-drying, showed the biofilm inhibition rate of 48.5 %, 88.6 %, 96.4 % and 99.6 %, respectively. In conclusion, coating orthodontic brackets with the non-crosslinked CS is a potential approach for inhibiting biofilm formation and protecting patients from dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingchen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chenhao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xueer Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lili Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Qiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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12
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Lei Y, Li S, He M, Ao Z, Wang J, Wu Q, Wang Q. Oral Pathogenic Bacteria and the Oral-Gut-Liver Axis: A New Understanding of Chronic Liver Diseases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3324. [PMID: 37958220 PMCID: PMC10648517 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13213324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases have long been a prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality, and their development and progression involve multiple vital organs throughout the body. Recent studies on the oral-gut-liver axis have revealed that the oral microbiota is associated with the pathophysiology of chronic liver diseases. Since interventions aimed at regulating oral biological disorders may delay the progress of liver disease, it is crucial to better comprehend this process. Oral bacteria with potential pathogenicity have been extensively studied and are closely related to several types of chronic liver diseases. Therefore, this review will systemically describe the emerging role of oral pathogenic bacteria in common liver diseases, including alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cirrhosis, autoimmune liver diseases (AILD), and liver cancer, and bring in new perspectives for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiang Wang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; (Y.L.); (S.L.); (M.H.); (Z.A.); (J.W.); (Q.W.)
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Clément C, Bourgeois D, Vitiello F, Perrier H, Tabary A, Carrouel F. Efficacy of Sonic-Powered and Manual Toothbrushes on Plaque-Induced Gingivitis in Pregnant Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Methods Protoc 2023; 6:99. [PMID: 37888031 PMCID: PMC10608920 DOI: 10.3390/mps6050099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormonal changes and physiological alterations in pregnancy increase the susceptibility of the woman to oral diseases such as plaque-induced gingivitis. In individual oral prophylaxis, effective tooth brushing can reduce gingival inflammation. Therefore, it is necessary to update the scientific evidence to identify which type of toothbrush, manual or sonic-powered, is most effective in reducing the incidence of gingivitis in pregnant women. The aim of this clinical trial is to compare the biofilm control effectiveness of two manual and two sonic toothbrushes in pregnant women. This study is designed as a four-arm, parallel, randomized controlled trial with an allocation ratio of 1:1:1:1. The pregnant woman will be included at 15-18 weeks of amenorrhea and followed for 3 months. The primary outcome will be the change in the incidence of gingival bleeding from a baseline and various follow-up periods of the study. Secondary outcomes measures will be to compare clinical effects of the toothbrushes tested on (i) gingival inflammation, (ii) dental plaque, (iii) gingival attachment and (iv) periodontal pocket; and to assess toothbrush acceptability. Thus, identifying the best device for effective tooth brushing in pregnancy could be helpful in reducing and improving the incidence of gingival inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Clément
- Laboratory “Interpsy”, UR4432, University of Lorraine, 54015 Nancy, France;
- Laboratory “Health, Systemic, Process” (P2S), UR4129, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (D.B.); (F.V.)
| | - Denis Bourgeois
- Laboratory “Health, Systemic, Process” (P2S), UR4129, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (D.B.); (F.V.)
| | - Flavia Vitiello
- Laboratory “Health, Systemic, Process” (P2S), UR4129, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (D.B.); (F.V.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Herve Perrier
- Clinical Research Unit, Protestant Infirmary, 69004 Lyon, France;
| | - Ariane Tabary
- Majorelle Polyclinic, Elsan Group, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Florence Carrouel
- Laboratory “Health, Systemic, Process” (P2S), UR4129, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (D.B.); (F.V.)
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14
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Önder C, Akdoğan N, Kurgan Ş, Balci N, Serdar CC, Serdar MA, Günhan M. Does smoking influence tryptophan metabolism in periodontal inflammation? A cross-sectional study. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:1041-1051. [PMID: 37526075 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify the effects of smoking and periodontal inflammation on tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism as well as the correlation between these findings and clinical periodontal parameters. BACKGROUND It has been shown that the tryptophan amino acid's primary catabolic pathway, the kynurenine pathway (KP), may serve as a key biomarker for periodontal disease. Although there are studies investigating the effect of smoking on KYN-TRP metabolism, the effect of smoking on periodontal disease through KP has not been revealed so far. METHODS The salivary and serum samples were gathered from 24 nonsmoker (NS-P) stage III, grade B generalized periodontitis and 22 smoker (S-P) stage III, grade C generalized periodontitis patients, in addition to 24 nonsmoker (NS-C) and 24 smoker (S-C) periodontally healthy control individuals. Saliva and serum IL-6, kynurenine (KYN), and tryptophan (TRP) values, and KYN/TRP ratio were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Clinical periodontal measurements were recorded. RESULTS Salivary TRP values were significantly higher in both periodontitis groups than control groups (p < .05). Salivary KYN values were highest in NS-P group (p < .05). Salivary KYN values did not differ significantly between periodontitis groups (p = .84). Salivary KYN/TRP ratio was significantly lower in NS-P group compared to other groups (p < .001). Serum TRP value is higher in S-P group than other groups; however, significant difference was found in S-C group (p < .05). Serum KYN values were significantly lower in smokers than nonsmokers. Serum KYN/TRP ratio is higher in NS-P group. NS-P group has the highest salivary IL-6 levels, NS-C group has the lowest values (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Our results point out that smoking exacerbates inflammation in the periodontium and increases TRP destruction and decreases IDO activity by suppressing KP in serum. As a result, kynurenine and its metabolites may be significant biomarkers in the link between smoking and periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Önder
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nihan Akdoğan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şivge Kurgan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nur Balci
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ceyhan Ceran Serdar
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muhittin A Serdar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acıbadem University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meral Günhan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Irie K, Azuma T, Tomofuji T, Yamamoto T. Exploring the Role of IL-17A in Oral Dysbiosis-Associated Periodontitis and Its Correlation with Systemic Inflammatory Disease. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:194. [PMID: 37623290 PMCID: PMC10453731 DOI: 10.3390/dj11080194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral microbiota play a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis, safeguarding the oral cavity, and preventing the onset of disease. Oral dysbiosis has the potential to trigger pro-inflammatory effects and immune dysregulation, which can have a negative impact on systemic health. It is regarded as a key etiological factor for periodontitis. The emergence and persistence of oral dysbiosis have been demonstrated to mediate inflammatory pathology locally and at distant sites. The heightened inflammation observed in oral dysbiosis is dependent upon the secretion of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) by various innate and adaptive immune cells. IL-17A has been found to play a significant role in host defense mechanisms by inducing antibacterial peptides, recruiting neutrophils, and promoting local inflammation via cytokines and chemokines. This review seeks to present the current knowledge on oral dysbiosis and its prevention, as well as the underlying role of IL-17A in periodontitis induced by oral dysbiosis and its impact on systemic inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Irie
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan;
| | - Tetsuji Azuma
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, Mizuho 501-0296, Japan; (T.A.); (T.T.)
| | - Takaaki Tomofuji
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, Mizuho 501-0296, Japan; (T.A.); (T.T.)
| | - Tatsuo Yamamoto
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan;
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Weik U, Shankar-Subramanian S, Sämann T, Wöstmann B, Margraf-Stiksrud J, Deinzer R. "You should brush your teeth better": a randomized controlled trial comparing best-possible versus as-usual toothbrushing. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:456. [PMID: 37415160 PMCID: PMC10327354 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03127-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most people's tooth brushing performance is deficient, even when they are encouraged to brush to the best of their abilities. The aim of the present study was to explore the nature of this deficit by comparing best-possible vs. as-usual brushing. METHODS University students (N = 111) were randomly assigned to receive one of two instructions: "brush your teeth as usual" (AU-instruction) or "brush your teeth to the best of your abilities" (BP-instruction). Video analyses assessed brushing performance. The marginal plaque index (MPI) assessed after brushing was used as an indicator of brushing effectiveness. A questionnaire assessed subjectively perceived oral cleanliness (SPOC). RESULTS Participants in the BP group brushed their teeth longer (p = 0.008, d = 0.57) and used interdental devices more often (p < 0.001). No group differences emerged in the distribution of brushing time among surfaces, the percentage of brushing techniques used beyond horizontal scrubbing, or the appropriate use of interdental devices (all p > 0.16, all d < 0.30). Plaque persisted at the majority of the sections of the gingival margins, and the groups did not differ in this respect (p = 0.15; d = 0.22). SPOC values in the BP group were higher than those in the AU group (p = 0.006; d = 0.54). Both groups overestimated their actual oral cleanliness by approximately twofold. CONCLUSIONS Compared to their usual brushing effort, study participants increased their effort when asked to brush their teeth in the best possible manner. However, that increase in effort was ineffective in terms of oral cleanliness. The results indicate that people's concept of optimized brushing refers to quantitative aspects (e.g., longer duration, more interdental hygiene) rather than qualitative aspects (e.g., considering inner surfaces and gingival margins, appropriate use of dental floss). TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered in the appropriate national register ( www.drks.de ; ID: DRKS00017812; date of registration: 27/08/2019 - retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Weik
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstr. 29, Giessen, D-35392 Germany
| | - Sadhvi Shankar-Subramanian
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstr. 29, Giessen, D-35392 Germany
| | - Thorben Sämann
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstr. 29, Giessen, D-35392 Germany
| | - Bernd Wöstmann
- Dental Clinic - Department of Prosthodontics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Renate Deinzer
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstr. 29, Giessen, D-35392 Germany
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17
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Amaranath BJJ, Gupta S, Kumar S, Das N, Gupta I, Pratik S. Assessment of Periodontal Health Status among the Male Adult Population with a Dual Habit of Smoking and Gutkha Chewing: A Cross-Sectional Study. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2023; 15:S1020-S1022. [PMID: 37693974 PMCID: PMC10485420 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_246_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims and Objective The aim of this study was to assess the periodontal health status in subjects having dual habits of smoking and gutkha chewing among the male population of Kanpur City, Central Uttar Pradesh (UP). Materials and Methods A total number of 500 male subjects were included, divided into three study groups: group I-164 subjects with a dual habit of smoking and gutkha chewing, group II- 170 gutkha chewers, and group III-166 smokers. Case history, clinical examination, and the following clinical parameters were recorded-oral hygiene index (OHI-S), gingival index (GI), bleeding index, clinical attachment loss (CAL), gingival recession, and furcation involvement. Result In this study, the proportion of severe CAL was maximum in dual habit (78%) followed by smokers (70.5%) and then gutkha chewers (40.0%). A significant difference was observed in the proportion of CAL status between smokers, gutkha, and dual habit cases (P < 0.001). The result revealed that the dual habit group had more severe periodontal disease than smokers and gutkha chewers. Conclusion Overall, it was concluded that periodontal health status was found to be very poor in both smokers and gutkha chewers, but the subjects in the dual habit group were found to have extremely poor periodontal health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- BJ Janardhana Amaranath
- Department of Periodontology, Rama Dental College Hospital and Research Centre, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shruti Gupta
- Department of Periodontology, Rama Dental College Hospital and Research Centre, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shravan Kumar
- Department of Periodontology, Rama Dental College Hospital and Research Centre, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neelam Das
- Department of Periodontology, Rama Dental College Hospital and Research Centre, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ira Gupta
- Department of Periodontology, Rama Dental College Hospital and Research Centre, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shashwat Pratik
- Department of Periodontology, Mithila Minority Dental College, Darbhanga, Bihar, India
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18
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Hernández-Venegas PA, Martínez-Martínez RE, Zaragoza-Contreras EA, Domínguez-Pérez RA, Reyes-López SY, Donohue-Cornejo A, Cuevas-González JC, Molina-Frechero N, Espinosa-Cristóbal LF. Bactericidal Activity of Silver Nanoparticles on Oral Biofilms Related to Patients with and without Periodontal Disease. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:311. [PMID: 37367275 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14060311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Periodontal disease (PD) is a multifactorial oral disease regularly caused by bacterial biofilms. Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) have offered good antimicrobial activity; moreover, there is no available scientific information related to their antimicrobial effects in biofilms from patients with PD. This study reports the bactericidal activity of AgNP against oral biofilms related to PD. MATERIALS AND METHODS AgNP of two average particle sizes were prepared and characterized. Sixty biofilms were collected from patients with (30 subjects) and without PD (30 subjects). Minimal inhibitory concentrations of AgNP were calculated and the distribution of bacterial species was defined by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Well-dispersed sizes of AgNP were obtained (5.4 ± 1.3 and 17.5 ± 3.4 nm) with an adequate electrical stability (-38.2 ± 5.8 and -32.6 ± 5.4 mV, respectively). AgNP showed antimicrobial activities for all oral samples; however, the smaller AgNP had significantly the most increased bactericidal effects (71.7 ± 39.1 µg/mL). The most resistant bacteria were found in biofilms from PD subjects (p < 0.05). P. gingivalis, T. denticola, and T. forsythia were present in all PD biofilms (100%). CONCLUSIONS The AgNP showed efficient bactericidal properties as an alternative therapy for the control or progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Alejandra Hernández-Venegas
- Chemical Biological Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Juarez City (UACJ), Envolvente del PRONAF and Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Rita Elizabeth Martínez-Martínez
- Master Program in Advanced Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Manuel Nava Avenue, Universitary Campus, San Luis Potosí 78290, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Erasto Armando Zaragoza-Contreras
- Department of Engineering and Materials Chemistry, Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S. C., Miguel de Cervantes No. 120, Chihuahua 31109, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Rubén Abraham Domínguez-Pérez
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Dental Research, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Clavel Street, Prados de La Capilla, Santiago de Querétaro 76176, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Simón Yobanny Reyes-López
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Juarez City (UACJ), Envolvente del PRONAF and Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Donohue-Cornejo
- Master Program in Dental Sciences, Stomatology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Juarez City (UACJ), Envolvente del PRONAF and Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Cuevas-González
- Master Program in Dental Sciences, Stomatology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Juarez City (UACJ), Envolvente del PRONAF and Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Nelly Molina-Frechero
- Division of Biological and Health Sciences, Autonomous Metropolitan University Xochimilco (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - León Francisco Espinosa-Cristóbal
- Master Program in Dental Sciences, Stomatology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Juarez City (UACJ), Envolvente del PRONAF and Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico
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Wiesmüller V, Kasslatter M, Zengin B, Zotz D, Offermanns V, Steiner R, Crismani A, Kapferer-Seebacher I. Cleansing efficacy of an oral irrigator with microburst technology in orthodontic patients-a randomized-controlled crossover study. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:2089-2095. [PMID: 37022527 PMCID: PMC10160186 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Orthodontic patients struggle with interdental cleaning calling for simpler mechanical devices to reduce the high plaque levels. The present study aimed to compare the cleansing efficacy of an oral irrigator with that of dental flossing in patients with fixed braces after 4 weeks of home-use. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study design is a randomized and single-blinded cross-over study. After 28 days using the products at home, hygiene indices (Rustogi Modified Navy Plaque Index (RMNPI); gingival bleeding index (GBI)) were compared between test (oral irrigator) and control product (dental floss). RESULTS Seventeen adult individuals finalized the study. After 28 days of cleaning with the oral irrigator, RMNPI was 54.96% (46.91-66.05) compared to 52.98% (42.75-65.60) with dental floss (p = 0.029). Subgroup analysis revealed that the higher cleansing efficacy of the dental floss is attributable to buccal and marginal areas. GBI after the test phase with the oral irrigator was 12.96% (7.14-24.31) and statistically significantly higher compared to 8.33% (5.84-15.33) with dental floss (p = 0.030) which could be seen in all subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Oral irrigators do not remove plaque and reduce gingival bleeding as efficiently as dental floss in easily accessible regions. However, in posterior regions, where the patients struggled with the application of dental floss, the oral irrigator showed similar results. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Oral irrigators should only be recommended to orthodontic patients who cannot use interdental brushes and are not compliant with dental flossing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Wiesmüller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manuel Kasslatter
- Department of Orthodontic Dentistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Baran Zengin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Desiree Zotz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - René Steiner
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Adriano Crismani
- Department of Orthodontic Dentistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ines Kapferer-Seebacher
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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20
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Al-Hamoudi N, Ahmed Y, Al Rifaiy MQ, Alwithanani N, Vohra F, Abduljabbar T. Efficacy of surgical periodontal treatment with and without photobiomodulation in the treatment of severe periodontitis: An evaluation of periodontal, microbiological, and cytokine levels. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 42:103494. [PMID: 36871808 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To compare the efficacy of surgical periodontal treatment (SPT) alone and PDT-assisted surgery in participants with severe periodontitis MATERIAL AND METHODS: The present clinical trial was completed by 64 participants (n=32 each). The selection was made according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients in group A were treated with SPT only and participants in group B were treated with SPT adjunct to PDT. Microbiological assessment of P.Gingivalis; T. Forsythia and T.Denticola were evaluated using cultural analysis and periodontal parameters plaque score (PSc), bleeding on probing (BoP) periodontal depth (PD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) at baseline and post-treatment at 6 months and 12 months were performed. The gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected for the estimation of IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For intra-group comparison and post hoc correction, Student's t-test along with Bonferroni was used. For the difference between follow-ups, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) multiple rank tests were incorporated. RESULTS The mean age of participants in the SPT group was 55.25±4.6yrs. Whereas, participants treated with PDT adjunct to SPT were 54.88±3.6yrs. Periodontal parameters (BoP, PD, PSc, CAL) showed no significant difference at baseline. At 6 months and 12 months follow-up, a significant difference in all parameters (BoP, PD, PSc, and CAL) was found in participants treated with SPT alone and PDT adjunct to SPT (p<0.05). Inflammatory biomarkers at 6-month and 12-month follow-ups, a statistically significant difference in the level of biomarkers (IL-1β and TNF-α) were observed in both groups from baseline (p<0.05). However, at baseline, no significant difference was noted in both groups (p> 0.05). The microbiological assessment showed a significant drop in the bacterial count in participants treated with both regimes i.e., SPT alone and PDT adjunct to SPT. CONCLUSION Photodynamic therapy (PDT) adjunct to surgical periodontal treatment (SPT) in severe periodontitis improves microbiological and periodontal parameters and lowers the level of proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawwaf Al-Hamoudi
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yassir Ahmed
- Department of General Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Q Al Rifaiy
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Alwithanani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Science, College of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Abduljabbar
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
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21
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Alqerban A, Asiri SN, Alghabban R, Alharbi F, Almalki A, Aljhani AS, Bukhary F, Abdelrahim R, Alkhtani F, Samran A. Periodontal, Microbiological, and Proinflammatory Cytokines Levels in Fixed Orthodontics Patients Treated with Photodynamic Therapy Adjunct to Full Mouth Scaling. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2023; 41:133-139. [PMID: 36927049 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2022.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the efficiency of photodynamic therapy (PDT) adjunct to full mouth scaling (FMS) in improving periodontal, microbiological, and proinflammatory cytokines levels in patients undergoing fixed orthodontics treatment (FOT). Materials and methods: The study recruited 60 teenage patients who were undergoing FOT. All the patients were arbitrarily divided into two groups: Group 1, FMS +PDT and Group 2, FMS alone. Plaque scores (PS), bleeding on probing (BOP), and probing depth (PD) were assessed. Levels of biomarkers interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were evaluated. Samples were collected from gingival plaque for estimation of Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis load. All measurements were completed at three intervals baseline, 4th week, and 8th week. Post Hoc corrections and intergroup comparisons were examined using Student's t-test and Bonferroni correction. To find differences between repeated follow-ups, analysis of variance (ANOVA) multiple rank tests were used. Results: At baseline, all the gingival parameters displayed comparable outcomes between patients of Group 1 and Group 2 (p > 0.05). However, at 4 and 8 weeks of follow-up, PS and BOP among tested groups exhibited significantly lower values than baseline (p < 0.001). At 8 weeks, there was a significant difference in PS between the two groups tested. Moreover, at 4 and 8 weeks, BOP revealed a significant difference between the groups. PD remains comparable with baseline at follow-up visits (p > 0.05). A significant decrease in IL-6 and TNF-α levels was observed in both investigated groups at 4 and 8 weeks of baseline. Moreover, it was identified that P. intermedia and P. gingivalis were reduced significantly at 4 weeks. Moreover, a significant difference existed between both Group 1 and Group 2 at 4 and 8 weeks of recall visit (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The use of photodynamic treatment adjuvant to FMS aids in improving periodontal parameters and cytokines levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alqerban
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed N Asiri
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawda Alghabban
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alharbi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Almalki
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S Aljhani
- Department of Dentistry, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Nations Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ferdous Bukhary
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawa Abdelrahim
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alkhtani
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Samran
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Ren X, He J, Cheng R, Chen Y, Xiang Y, Zhang Y, Jiang S, Li J, Cheng L, Hu T. The Efficacy and Safety of Oral Irrigator on the Control of Dental Plaque and Gingivitis: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Parallel-Group Clinical Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3726. [PMID: 36834421 PMCID: PMC9965011 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral irrigator (OI) in controlling dental plaque and gingivitis. METHODS Ninety participants diagnosed with gingivitis were randomly assigned to two groups, given a toothbrush combined with OI (WaterPik®) (test) or a toothbrush alone (control). The Turesky-Modified Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (T-QH), Modified Gingival Index (MGI), Bleeding Index (BI), and percentage of sites with bleeding on probing (BOP%) were evaluated at baseline, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks. The full analysis set (FAS) and per-protocol set (PPS) were analyzed. Adverse events were recorded through electronic diaries and examinations. RESULTS Of the 90 participants, the efficacy was assessed in the following numbers (FAS/PPS): test (45/33) and control (43/38). Compared with the control, MGI, BI, and BOP% were significantly lower in the test group after 4 weeks (4 weeks: p = 0.017, p = 0.001, and p = 0.001, respectively; 8 weeks and 12 weeks: p < 0.001 for all, FAS); T-QH was significantly lower after 8 weeks (8 weeks: p = 0.033; 12 weeks: p = 0.006, FAS). Transient gingival bleeding may be associated with OI. Self-reported pain and dentin hypersensitivity symptoms were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS As adjuncts to toothbrushing, OI demonstrated significantly better efficacy in controlling dental plaque and gingival inflammation with no substantial safety hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ran Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yulun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Sulan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jia Li
- State Institute of Drug Clinical Trial, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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23
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Edlund P, Bertl K, Pandis N, Stavropoulos A. Efficacy of power-driven interdental cleaning tools: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Dent Res 2023; 9:3-16. [PMID: 36562267 PMCID: PMC9932241 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To summarize the available evidence on the efficacy of power-driven interdental cleaning tools (PDICTs) as an adjunct to tooth brushing compared to tooth brushing alone or tooth brushing combined with any other non-PDICT in terms of interproximal plaque and gingival bleeding reduction in gingivitis patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic literature search was performed in three databases until March 20, 2022 with the following main eligibility criteria: (1) randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) with (2) at least 28 days of follow-up in (3) gingivitis patients. Interproximal plaque and bleeding values were defined as the primary outcome variables and used for pair-wise meta-analyses. RESULTS Sixteen RCTs were identified including data from 1258 participants at the final evaluation. Eight studies each investigated the effect of either a liquid-based or mechanical PDICT; one of these studies tested additionally a combined liquid-based and mechanical PDICT. Tooth brushing combined with a liquid-based PDICT compared to tooth brushing alone did not result in better interproximal plaque values but in significantly lower interproximal bleeding values. Tooth brushing combined with either a liquid-based PDICT or with a mechanical PDICT compared to tooth brushing and flossing achieved comparable interproximal plaque and bleeding values. The majority of studies reporting on patient compliance/preference favored the use of a PDICT, and except for a single study, which was reporting soft tissue trauma in two subjects from improper use of a mechanical PDICT, none of the studies reported adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Daily use of PDICT as an adjunct to tooth brushing significantly reduces interproximal bleeding. This effect appears comparable to that of flossing, while PDICT may achieve higher patient acceptance/compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Edlund
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of OdontologyUniversity of MalmöMalmöSweden
| | - Kristina Bertl
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of OdontologyUniversity of MalmöMalmöSweden
- Division of Oral Surgery, University Clinic of DentistryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Nikolaos Pandis
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental MedicineUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Andreas Stavropoulos
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of OdontologyUniversity of MalmöMalmöSweden
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24
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Tonelli A, Lumngwena EN, Ntusi NAB. The oral microbiome in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:386-403. [PMID: 36624275 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00825-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and expansion of available therapies, the global burden of CVD-associated morbidity and mortality remains unacceptably high. Important gaps remain in our understanding of the mechanisms of CVD and determinants of disease progression. In the past decade, much research has been conducted on the human microbiome and its potential role in modulating CVD. With the advent of high-throughput technologies and multiomics analyses, the complex and dynamic relationship between the microbiota, their 'theatre of activity' and the host is gradually being elucidated. The relationship between the gut microbiome and CVD is well established. Much less is known about the role of disruption (dysbiosis) of the oral microbiome; however, interest in the field is growing, as is the body of literature from basic science and animal and human investigations. In this Review, we examine the link between the oral microbiome and CVD, specifically coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease, heart failure, infective endocarditis and rheumatic heart disease. We discuss the various mechanisms by which oral dysbiosis contributes to CVD pathogenesis and potential strategies for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tonelli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.,Cardiovascular Research Unit, Christiaan Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.,Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Extramural Research Unit on the Intersection of Noncommunicable Diseases and Infectious Disease, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Evelyn N Lumngwena
- Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Centre for the Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Infections, Institute for Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Ntobeko A B Ntusi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa. .,Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. .,Extramural Research Unit on the Intersection of Noncommunicable Diseases and Infectious Disease, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa. .,Cape Universities Body Imaging Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. .,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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25
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Neculae E, Gosav EM, Valasciuc E, Dima N, Floria M, Tanase DM. The Oral Microbiota in Valvular Heart Disease: Current Knowledge and Future Directions. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:life13010182. [PMID: 36676130 PMCID: PMC9862471 DOI: 10.3390/life13010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Oral microbiota formation begins from birth, and everything from genetic components to the environment, alongside the host's behavior (such as diet, smoking, oral hygiene, and even physical activity), contributes to oral microbiota structure. Even though recent studies have focused on the gut microbiota's role in systemic diseases, the oral microbiome represents the second largest community of microorganisms, making it a new promising therapeutic target. Periodontitis and dental caries are considered the two main consequences of oral bacterial imbalance. Studies have shown that oral dysbiosis effects are not limited locally. Due to technological advancement, research identified oral bacterial species in heart valves. This evidence links oral dysbiosis with the development of valvular heart disease (VHD). This review focuses on describing the mechanism behind prolonged local inflammation and dysbiosis, that can induce bacteriemia by direct or immune-mediated mechanisms and finally VHD. Additionally, we highlight emerging therapies based on controlling oral dysbiosis, periodontal disease, and inflammation with immunological and systemic effects, that exert beneficial effects in VHD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ecaterina Neculae
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Evelina Maria Gosav
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Emilia Valasciuc
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Dima
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mariana Floria
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniela Maria Tanase
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
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26
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Costa FO, Costa AM, Cortelli JR, Cortelli SC, Costa AA, Lima RPE, Pereira GHM, Oliveira AMSD, Oliveira PAD, Cota LOM. Effect of supragingival plaque control on recurrent periodontitis and clinical stability among individuals under periodontal maintenance therapy: 10-year follow-up. J Periodontol 2023; 94:55-65. [PMID: 35904985 DOI: 10.1002/jper.22-0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of supragingival plaque control on the recurrence of periodontitis (RP) and the achievement of a stable periodontal clinical endpoint after 10 years of periodontal maintenance therapy (PMT). METHODS The present retrospective cohort study included 225 individuals in continuous PMT. The plaque index (PI) determining the oral hygiene (OH) status, periodontal clinical parameters, and other variables of interest were collected at three time points: T1 (prior to active periodontal therapy [APT]), T2 (after APT), and T3 (10 years after T2). According to PI records at T3, participants were categorized into: (1) good OH (GOH; PI ≤ 30%, n = 63); (2) fair OH (FOH; PI > 30% and ≤40%, n = 73); and (3) poor OH (POH; PI > 40%, n = 88). Data were analyzed using the chi-square and Student t tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and mediation and regression analyses. RESULTS Significant differences in all periodontal clinical parameters between the GOH, FOH, and POH groups were observed at T3. The POH group exhibited higher mean bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL), as well as higher tooth loss (POH > FOH > GOH; P < .001). There was an increased risk for RP in the FOH (odds ratio [OR] 2.02; CI, 1.10-4.38) and POH (OR 4.33; CI, 2.17-8.65) groups. Moreover, the FOH and POH groups had an approximately 2.5 and 6.0 times greater chance of not achieving a stable periodontal clinical endpoint, respectively. CONCLUSIONS After 10 years of monitoring in PMT, individuals with higher PI scores (>30%) presented an unhealthier periodontal status, a higher risk for RP, and a lower chance of achieving ≤4 sites with PD ≥ 5 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Oliveira Costa
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - José Roberto Cortelli
- Departament of Dentistry, Periodontics Research Division, University of Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sheila Cavalca Cortelli
- Departament of Dentistry, Periodontics Research Division, University of Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Almeida Costa
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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27
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Abed R, Ashley P, Duane B, Crotty J, Lyne A. An environmental impact study of inter-dental cleaning aids. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:2-10. [PMID: 36122929 PMCID: PMC10092584 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to compare the environmental footprint of eight inter-dental cleaning aids. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comparative life cycle analysis was conducted based on an individual person using inter-dental cleaning aids every day for 5 years. The primary outcome was a life cycle impact assessment. This comprised of 16 discrete measures of environmental sustainability (known as impact categories), for example, greenhouse gas emissions (measured in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent, or kg CO2 e), ozone layer depletion (measured in kilograms of chloroflurocarbon equivalent, or kg CFCe), and water use (measured in cubic metres). Secondary outcomes included normalized data, disability-adjusted life years, and contribution analysis. RESULTS Inter-dental cleaning using floss picks had the largest environmental footprint in 13 of 16 impact categories. Depending on the environmental impact category measured, the smallest environmental footprint came from daily inter-dental cleaning with either bamboo inter-dental brushes (five impact categories, including carbon footprint), replaceable head inter-dental brushes (four impact categories), regular floss (three impact categories), sponge floss (three impact categories), and bamboo floss (one impact category). CONCLUSIONS Daily cleaning with inter-dental cleaning aids has an environmental footprint that varies depending on the product used. Clinicians should consider environmental impact alongside clinical need and cost when recommending inter-dental cleaning aids to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Abed
- Paediatric Dentistry, Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Paul Ashley
- Paediatric Dentistry, Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Brett Duane
- Dental Public Health, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Crotty
- Dental Public Health, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alexandra Lyne
- Paediatric Dentistry, Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
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28
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Andhare MG, Shetty S, Vivekanandan G, Shetty RM, Rahman B, Shetty SR, Siddeshappa ST, Desai V. Clinical efficacy of green tea, aloe vera and chlorhexidine mouthwashes in the treatment of dental biofilm induced gingivitis: A multi-arm, double-blinded, randomized controlled clinical trial. Int J Dent Hyg 2022. [PMID: 36583292 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This multi-arm, randomized, double-blinded, controlled clinical trial was designed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of 0.5% green tea (GT), 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) and aloe vera (AV) mouthwash as compared to the control (CNT) group (scaling and polishing alone with no mouthwash) in the management of dental biofilm induced gingivitis among 18-40-year-old patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty patients with generalized dental biofilm-induced gingivitis were randomly allocated to four study groups (n = 15 each) for treatment, namely Group GT, Group CHX, Group AV and Group CNT after scaling and polishing were administered to all the patients. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and sulcular bleeding index (SBI) were recorded at baseline, 14th and 21st day. RESULTS PI, GI and SBI at various time intervals (baseline, 14th and 21st day) showed high statistically significant differences within the group (p < 0.01). Among these, the maximum percentage change was found in the CHX group followed by GT when evaluated from baseline to 21st day. The least percentage change was found in the AV group for PI and GI while the CNT group showed the least percentage change for sulcular index when evaluated from 14th to 21st day. Inter-group results showed high statistically significant differences (p < 0.01) for PI and GI when evaluated between baseline to 14th day and baseline to 21st day. SBI also showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) when evaluated between baselines to 14th day and baseline to 21st day. CONCLUSION Green tea mouthwash displayed a significant reduction in plaque index, gingival index and sulcular bleeding index. 0.5% green tea catechin has equivalent anti-plaque efficacy as 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate and can be considered a potent alternative to prevent and treat gingival diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangesh G Andhare
- Department of Periodontology, Aditya Dental College, Beed, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sunaina Shetty
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Gopinath Vivekanandan
- Department of Periodontology, Vananchal Dental College and Hospital, Garhwa, Jharkhand, India
| | - Raghavendra M Shetty
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
- Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Declared as Deemed-to-be University), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Betul Rahman
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Shishir R Shetty
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | | | - Vijay Desai
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
- Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
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29
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Yan R, Liu J, Dong Z, Peng Q. Nanomaterials-mediated photodynamic therapy and its applications in treating oral diseases. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 144:213218. [PMID: 36436431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Oral diseases, such as dental caries, periodontitis and oral cancer, have a very high morbidity over the world. Basically, many oral diseases are commonly related to bacterial infections or cell malignant proliferation, and usually located on the superficial positions. These features allow the convenient and efficient application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for oral diseases, since PDT is ideally suitable for the diseases on superficial sites and has been widely used for antimicrobial and anticancer therapy. Photosensitizers (PSs) are an essential element in PDT, which induce the generation of a large number of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon absorption of specific lights. Almost all the PSs are small molecules and commonly suffered from various problems in the PDT environment, such as low solubility and poor stability. Recently, reports on the nanomedicine-based PDT have been well documented. Various functionalized nanomaterials can serve either as the PSs carriers or the direct PSs, thus enhancing the PDT efficacy. Herein, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the features of different oral diseases and discuss the potential applications of nanomedicine-based PDT in the treatment of some common oral diseases. Also, the concerns and possible solutions for nanomaterials-mediated PDT are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijiao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jianhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zaiquan Dong
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Qiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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30
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Graetz C, Härdter AK, Schorr S, Cyris M, Geiken A, Rinder T, Dörfer CE, Sälzer S. The influence of artificial saliva on the cleaning force of interdental rubber picks: an in-vitro comparison. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:459. [PMID: 36320016 PMCID: PMC9624009 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02479-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The familiar aids for interdental cleaning such as dental floss or interdental brushes (IDB) are often associated with difficult handling or an increased potential for trauma. Interdental picks (IRP), which have no metal core and silicone flaps instead of nylon brushes, offer the alternative. However, in-vitro studies found a lower cleaning effectiveness combined with higher forces for cleaning compared with conventional IDBs. The aim of this in-vitro study was to measure the experimental cleaning forces (ECF) using IRP with versus without an artificial saliva (AS; GUM Hydral, Sunstar Suisse SA, Etoy, Switzerland). METHODS The test set-up was developed to investigate the cleaning of 3D-printed interdental area (IDR) mimicking human teeth (Form 2, Formlabs Sommerville, MA, USA) under standardized conditions. Three different morphologies (isosceles triangle, convex, concave) and three different sizes (1.0 mm,1.1 mm,1.3 mm) were used. Two different IRPs (GUM Soft-picks Advanced: SPA versus GUM Soft-picks Advanced Plus: SPA+, Sunstar Suisse SA, Etoy, Switzerland) in three sizes (small, regular, large), were used with versus without AS. ECF during ten cleaning cycles were recorded by a load cell [N]. RESULTS Using AS leaded to significant lower values for ECF than without (1.04 ± 0.66 N versus 1.97 ± 1.01 N, p < 0.001). In general, a lower ECF was recorded for convex IDR compared to isosceles triangle and concave morphologies (p < 0.001) as well as for gap sizes of 1.3 mm compared to the smaller sizes (p < 0.001). For SPA+ we found significantly higher force values than for SPA (1.67 ± 0.93 N versus 1.31 ± 0.97 N, p < 0.001) independent of the use of AS. CONCLUSION Within the study´s in-vitro limitations, we found AS reduced ECF of IRPs by half and allowed using larger diameters interdentally, which could be associated with (1) a higher cleaning effectiveness and (2) a higher acceptance e.g. of patients with dry mouth. This has to be confirmed by further clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Graetz
- grid.9764.c0000 0001 2153 9986Clinic of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus B, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ann-Kristin Härdter
- grid.9764.c0000 0001 2153 9986Clinic of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus B, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Susanne Schorr
- grid.9764.c0000 0001 2153 9986Clinic of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus B, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Miriam Cyris
- grid.9764.c0000 0001 2153 9986Clinic of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus B, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Antje Geiken
- grid.9764.c0000 0001 2153 9986Clinic of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus B, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Rinder
- grid.440947.a0000 0001 0671 1995Institute of Mechatronics, Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Kiel University of Applied Sciences, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christof E. Dörfer
- grid.9764.c0000 0001 2153 9986Clinic of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus B, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sonja Sälzer
- grid.9764.c0000 0001 2153 9986Clinic of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus B, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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Colvenkar S, Kunusoth R, Prakash R, Alwala AM, Ashok Kumar S. Individually Modeled 3D Printed Toothbrush and Interproximal Brush Handle With Name for Patients With Limited Manual Dexterity. Cureus 2022; 14:e27097. [PMID: 36000116 PMCID: PMC9391617 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of proper oral hygiene is a cumbersome task when hand and finger movement is restricted. The customized handle allows better grip on the toothbrush, making it easier to brush teeth or dentures. This increases self-esteem by reducing their dependency on others. This article describes a method of fabricating a 3D printed two-in-one customized handle for a patient with limited manual dexterity. The 3D printed handle is simple and requires less fabrication time than other methods. The customized handle is strong, durable, and resistant to water absorption. It also allows reuse with a new brush design, thus saving additional time and cost. In addition, using a customized toothbrush handle is more effective in oral plaque control than a standard toothbrush.
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Acuña-González GR, Casanova-Sarmiento JA, Islas-Granillo H, Márquez-Rodríguez S, Benítez-Valladares D, Mendoza-Rodríguez M, de la Rosa-Santillana R, Navarrete-Hernández JDJ, Medina-Solís CE, Maupomé G. Socioeconomic Inequalities and Toothbrushing Frequency among Schoolchildren Aged 6 to 12 Years in a Multi-Site Study of Mexican Cities: A Cross-Sectional Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9071069. [PMID: 35884053 PMCID: PMC9321228 DOI: 10.3390/children9071069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Periodic toothbrushing is the most common, effective, and reliable way to mechanically remove biofilm from oral tissues. The objective of the present study was to determine the association between toothbrushing frequency and socioeconomic position for schoolchildren between 6 and 12 years of age in four cities in Mexico. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 500 Mexican schoolchildren between 6 and 12 years of age from public schools in four Mexican cities. Questionnaires were administered to the parents/guardians of the schoolchildren to obtain the variables included in the study. The dependent variable was toothbrushing frequency, dichotomized as: 0 = less than twice a day and 1 = at least twice a day. The analysis was performed in Stata. The average age of the schoolchildren was 8.9 ± 1.9 years; 50.4% were female. The prevalence of toothbrushing was 52.8% (at least twice a day) (95% CI = 48.4−57.1). In the multivariate model, the variables associated (p < 0.05) with toothbrushing frequency were older age of the schoolchild (OR = 1.14); younger age of the mother (OR = 0.93); being a girl (OR = 1.70); being enrolled in Seguro Popular (OR = 0.69); being in a household that was owned (OR = 2.43); and being a schoolchild who lived in a home that owned a car (OR = 1.31). The prevalence of toothbrushing at least twice a day was just over 50% in these Mexican children. We found demographic and socioeconomic variables to be associated with toothbrushing. Based on socioeconomic variables that were associated with toothbrushing frequency—such as health insurance, home ownership and the household owning a car—the results of the present study confirm the existence of health inequalities in toothbrushing frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Alejandro Casanova-Sarmiento
- School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Campeche, Campeche 24039, Mexico; (G.R.A.-G.); (J.A.C.-S.)
- Dentistry Department, Campus Campeche, Vizcaya of the Americas University, Campeche 24099, Mexico
| | - Horacio Islas-Granillo
- Academic Area of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Pachuca 42160, Mexico; (H.I.-G.); (S.M.-R.); (M.M.-R.); (R.d.l.R.-S.); (J.d.J.N.-H.)
| | - Sonia Márquez-Rodríguez
- Academic Area of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Pachuca 42160, Mexico; (H.I.-G.); (S.M.-R.); (M.M.-R.); (R.d.l.R.-S.); (J.d.J.N.-H.)
| | | | - Martha Mendoza-Rodríguez
- Academic Area of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Pachuca 42160, Mexico; (H.I.-G.); (S.M.-R.); (M.M.-R.); (R.d.l.R.-S.); (J.d.J.N.-H.)
| | - Rubén de la Rosa-Santillana
- Academic Area of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Pachuca 42160, Mexico; (H.I.-G.); (S.M.-R.); (M.M.-R.); (R.d.l.R.-S.); (J.d.J.N.-H.)
| | - José de Jesús Navarrete-Hernández
- Academic Area of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Pachuca 42160, Mexico; (H.I.-G.); (S.M.-R.); (M.M.-R.); (R.d.l.R.-S.); (J.d.J.N.-H.)
| | - Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solís
- Academic Area of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Pachuca 42160, Mexico; (H.I.-G.); (S.M.-R.); (M.M.-R.); (R.d.l.R.-S.); (J.d.J.N.-H.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Research on Dentistry Dr. Keisaburo Miyata, School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Toluca 50130, Mexico
- Correspondence:
| | - Gerardo Maupomé
- Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University/Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Indiana University Network Science Institute, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
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Ide M, Karimova M, Setterfield J. Oral Health, Antimicrobials and Care for Patients With Chronic Oral Diseases – A Review of Knowledge and Treatment Strategies. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:866695. [PMID: 35747534 PMCID: PMC9210540 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.866695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal and chronic oral mucosal diseases are significant life impacting conditions which may co-exist and synergistically act to cause more severe and widespread oral pathology with enhanced challenges in effective management. Clinicians regularly observe these effects and struggle to effectively manage both problems in many patients. There is limited understanding of many basic and applied scientific elements underpinning potentially shared aetiopathological features and management. Recent developments in translational science provide an opportunity to greater improve knowledge and subsequently care for patients with these problems.
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Efficacy of dental floss in the management of gingival health: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:5273-5280. [PMID: 35451656 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04495-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This randomized controlled clinical trial evaluated the efficacy of dental floss as a supplement to toothbrushing in support of gingival health in adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-five systemically healthy subjects, non-smokers, without loss of interproximal periodontal attachment and with more than 15% of the interproximal sites presenting with gingival bleeding were randomized into two groups either performing toothbrushing supplemented by dental floss (TB + DF) or toothbrushing (TB) alone. Over a 60-day period, participating subjects weekly received oral hygiene instruction and supervised personal and professional plaque removal by applying the devices assigned for the group. Study subjects were instructed to perform toothbrushing twice daily (group TB + DF and TB) and use dental floss once daily (group TB + DF). Gingival Index (GI) and Plaque Index (PlI) were evaluated at baseline, and at 30 and 60 days. Linear mixed models were used to compare PlI and GI intra- and intergroup means. RESULTS Interproximal gingival inflammation (GI = 2 and mean GI) was significantly reduced in both groups by day 30, reduction in inflammation being significantly greater in the TB + DF compared with the TB alone group. No further significant alterations were observed by day 60. Moreover, reduction in gingival inflammation (GI = 2) was greater in the anterior compared with the posterior dentition. CONCLUSIONS Interproximal gingival inflammation may be significantly reduced by toothbrushing alone, the effect being significantly enhanced when toothbrushing is combined with dental floss. TRIAL REGISTRATION The protocol registration was filed on May 9, 2018 (# 538,311,716.5.0000.5346) on ClinicalTrials.gov and after complete registration, a NCT number was generated (NCT04909840). Since the date in May 2018 when the protocol preregistration was filed, no change in methodology, primary outcome, and data analysis has occurred. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Optimized personal oral hygiene routines in individuals without loss clinical attachment interproximal should include dental floss as a supplement to toothbrushing in support of gingival health.
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Bittencourt LF, Angst PDM, Oppermann RV, van der Velden U, Gomes SC. At least 3 years of self-responsibility for periodontal care after 2 years of supportive periodontal therapy. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:4987-4994. [PMID: 35355140 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04466-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the periodontal condition when patients became self-responsible for the continuation of periodontal care, after non-surgical periodontal therapy and 2 years of Supportive Periodontal Therapy (SPT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-seven patients completed a previous 2-year SPT study and were afterward advised to seek for dental assistance for maintenance care. After 4.2 ± 0.45 years of self-responsibility for periodontal care (SRPC), 27 patients could be re-examined of which 9 patients had followed the advice to turn to a dental professional for SPT care. Visible Plaque (VPI), Gingival Bleeding (GBI), Periodontal Probing Depth (PPD), Bleeding on probing (BOP), and Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL) were obtained from SPT study: before and after non-surgical treatment, and after 2 years of SPT. The same parameters were reassessed for the present study. General linear models for repeated measures were used for data analysis. RESULTS At the end of the SRPC period, mean GBI, BOP, and PPD values (43.5%, 55.7%, 2.76 mm, respectively) were back to pre-treatment, whereas VPI (64.3%) and CAL (3.76 mm) became significantly higher. The percentage of sites with PPD ≥5 mm as well as sites with CAL ≥4 or ≥5 mm also returned to pre-treatment values. However, the percentage of sites with PPD ≥4 mm was still significantly lower compared to pre-treatment values but higher than after 2 years of SPT. CONCLUSIONS Self-responsibility for the continuation of periodontal care after professional treatment should be avoided. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Clinicians and specialists must be conscious of making all efforts to maintain the patient's frequent recalls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana F Bittencourt
- Post-graduate Program, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Patricia D M Angst
- Conservative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rui V Oppermann
- Conservative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ubele van der Velden
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabrina C Gomes
- Conservative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Xu J, Wang L, Sun H, Liu S. Evaluation of the Effect of Comprehensive Nursing Interventions on Plaque Control in Patients with Periodontal Disease in the Context of Artificial Intelligence. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:6505672. [PMID: 35368922 PMCID: PMC8967516 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6505672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Plaque is a bacterial biofilm that adheres to each other and exists on the tooth surface, and new plaque can continuously reform after removing it from the tooth surface. The pathogenesis of periodontal disease is related to the bacteria, the host and the environment, with the bacteria and bacterial products in plaque being the main initiators of periodontal disease. The effective control of plaque is an effective method for the treatment and prevention of periodontal disease and is often underappreciated in clinical practice. For the traditional diagnostic method through experience and visual observation, it may lead to misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis. In order to accurately diagnose plaque disease, this study designed a convolutional neural network-based oral dental disease diagnosis system for oral care interventions to improve oral health awareness. Thus motivate patients to implement proper oral health care measures, and continuously and lifelong insist on thorough daily plaque removal to improve patients' physical health and quality of life in periodontal disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xu
- Department of Stomatology, First People's Hospital of Yongkang City, Yongkang City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular Department Xiangyang No. 1 People'sHospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang 441000, China
| | - Hongxia Sun
- Qingdao Jimo District Tongji Health Center and Medical Nursing, Qingdao, Shandong 266228, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China
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Czech and Slovak Dental Students' Oral Health-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviours (KAB): Multi-Country Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052717. [PMID: 35270410 PMCID: PMC8910048 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Dentists play a key role in the primary prevention of oral diseases and related systemic complications; therefore, their views on behavioural interventions need to be aligned with the current agendas for oral health. Likewise, dental students’ oral health-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours (KAB) are of practical importance, as they are the future opinion leaders for oral health in their respective communities. A cross-sectional survey-based study was designed to evaluate the oral health KAB of dental students in both the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The study utilized translated versions of the Hiroshima University Dental Behavioural Inventory (HU-DBI), and it aimed to recruit students from all Czech and Slovak dental schools. A total of 487 students were included in this study, out of which 372 (76.4%) were females, 271 (55.6%) were enrolled in preclinical years, 68 (14%) reported smoking tobacco at least once a week, and 430 (88.3%) reported problematic internet use. The mean HU-DBI score of Czech and Slovak dental students (8.18 ± 1.80) was comparable with the previously reported scores of dental students in Nordic and Western European countries. Czech students (9.34 ± 1.29) had a significantly higher score than their Slovak counterparts (7.56 ± 1.73). In both countries, preclinical students (8.04 vs. 8.35), the students who reported tobacco smoking (7.63 vs. 8.27), and those who reported problematic internet use (8.11 vs. 8.70) had significantly lower HU-DBI scores than their counterparts, respectively. In the Czech Republic, the significant increases in HU-DBI scores occurred after the first academic year when the students received preventive dentistry courses; therefore, one can put forward that early implementation of preventive elements in undergraduate dental curricula may yield better and more sustainable oral health gains for the students. Future research on Czech and Slovak dental curricula need to re-evaluate the oral hygiene and anti-smoking components and their impact on students’ views and attitudes.
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Dan W, Peng L, Yan B, Li Z, Pan F. Human Microbiota in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutic Implications. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:791274. [PMID: 35126331 PMCID: PMC8815000 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.791274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is one of the main subtypes of esophageal cancer. The incidence rate of EAC increased progressively while the 5-year relative survival rates were poor in the past two decades. The mechanism of EAC has been studied extensively in relation to genetic factors, but less so with respect to human microbiota. Currently, researches about the relationship between EAC and the human microbiota is a newly emerging field of study. Herein, we present the current state of knowledge linking human microbiota to esophageal adenocarcinoma and its precursor lesion—gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett’s esophagus. There are specific human bacterial alternations in the process of esophageal carcinogenesis. And bacterial dysbiosis plays an important role in the process of esophageal carcinogenesis via inflammation, microbial metabolism and genotoxicity. Based on the human microbiota alternation in the EAC cascade, it provides potential microbiome-based clinical application. This review is focused on novel targets in prevention, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy for esophageal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyue Dan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lihua Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengpeng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Pan,
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Li S, Guo Y, Pang Z, Song W, Hao A, Xia B, Qin H. Automatic Dental Plaque Segmentation based on Local-to-global Features Fused Self-attention Network. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2022; 26:2240-2251. [PMID: 35015655 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2022.3141773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The accurate detection of dental plaque at an early stage will definitely prevent periodontal diseases and dental caries. However, it remains difficult for the current dental examination to accurately recognize dental plague without using medical dyeing reagent due to the low contrast between dental plaque and healthy teeth. To combat this problem, this paper proposes a novel network enhanced by a self-attention module for intelligent dental plaque segmentation. The key motivation is to directly utilize oral endoscope images (bypassing the need of dyeing reagent) and get the accurate pixel-level dental plaque segmentation results. The algorithm needs to conduct self-attention at the super-pixel level and fuse the super-pixels' local-to-global features. Our newly-designed network architecture will afford the simultaneous fusion of multiple-scale complementary information guided by the powerful deep learning paradigm. The critical fused information includes the statistical distribution of the plaques color, the heat kernel signature (HKS) based local-to-global structure relationship, and the circle-LBP based local texture pattern in the nearby regions centering around the plaque area. To further refine the fuzed multiple-scale features, we devise an attention module based on CNN, which could focalize the regions of interest in plaque more easily, especially for much challenging cases. Extensive experiments and comprehensive evaluations confirm that, for a small-scale training dataset, our method could outperform the state-of-the-art methods. Meanwhile, the user studies verify the claim that our method is more accurate than conventional dental practice conducted by experienced dentists.
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Mutluay M, Mutluay AT. Caries prevalence, oral health practices/behaviours and dental anxiety levels amongst dental hygiene students: A cross-sectional study. Int J Dent Hyg 2022; 20:262-272. [PMID: 35007395 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine caries prevalence, oral health practices/behaviours and dental anxiety levels amongst dental hygiene students. MATERIALS AND METHODS A self-administered questionnaire was used to determine students' oral hygiene practices/behaviours. The students were subjected to oral examinations to determine their decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) scores according to the WHO criteria. In addition, the Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale (CDAS) was used to measure the students' dental anxiety levels. RESULTS A total of 280 students (mean age: 20.8 years) participated in this study. Amongst the students, 52.8% brush their teeth twice a day, and 17.48% and 15.17% use floss and mouthwash daily, respectively. Moreover, the defined smoking rate was 22.85%. The mean DMFT scores of the preclinical and clinical students were 3.39 ± 3.22 and 3.55 ± 3.19, respectively. Most of the students (82.6%) preferred fluoride toothpaste, and the DMFT scores of those who use and do not use fluoride toothpaste significantly differed (p = 0.031). Furthermore, junk-food consumption affected the scores for decayed teeth (p = 0.048) and missing teeth (p = 0.039). Most students had low or moderate CDAS scores (CDAS <13), and anxiety scores were lower amongst the clinical students than amongst the preclinical students. CONCLUSIONS Although the students demonstrated favourable oral health behaviours/practices and low caries prevalence, their adherence to oral hygiene instructions and to healthy dietary and lifestyle habits should improve. The importance of this topic should be strongly emphasized in the undergraduate curriculum. For this purpose, professional behavioural control methods that suit students' individual capacities, motivations and therapeutic needs may be employed. The principal findings of similar studies should be evaluated by lecturers to help students adopt optimal oral health practices/behaviours, reducing their dental anxiety levels and improving their professional competencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Mutluay
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Vocational School of Health Services, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Abidin Talha Mutluay
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Vocational School of Health Services, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
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Effectiveness of interdental cleaning devices with active substances: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:2253-2267. [PMID: 34999990 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04327-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically review the literature on the efficacy of interdental cleaning devices (ICDs) used with active substances, as adjuncts to toothbrushing, in comparison with toothbrushing alone or with ICDs without active substances. MATERIALS AND METHODS Searches for randomized clinical trials were performed in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane (CENTRAL), and Web of Science. Two independent researchers performed study selection, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment; a third one resolved any disagreement. Meta-analysis was not feasible, and a narrative approach was used to synthesize the evidence. RESULTS Seven studies were included. Dental floss with chlorhexidine was used in five studies, whereas interdental brushes with chlorhexidine and cetylpyridinium chloride were used in one study each. ICDs with active substances resulted in significantly higher antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacies than without ICDs (n = 3). ICDs with and without active substances demonstrated contrasting results. For this comparison, six studies were included for each outcome. Significantly higher antigingivitis efficacy of ICDs with active substances was noted in four studies, whereas significantly higher antiplaque efficacy of ICDs with active substances was reported in three studies. All comparisons demonstrated a very low certainty of evidence. CONCLUSIONS There is no robust evidence for the additional clinical efficacy of ICDs with active substances regarding their antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacies. These devices may have additional clinical efficacy when compared with the absence of interproximal hygiene. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of ICDs helps maintain or achieve periodontal health. However, the adjunct use of active substances may not provide additional benefits.
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Cosgarea R, Kantarci A, Stavropoulos A, Arweiler N, Sculean A. Soft Tissue Regeneration at Natural Teeth. Dent Clin North Am 2021; 66:87-101. [PMID: 34794556 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the best-documented surgical techniques for recession coverage and draws conclusions for the clinician. Use of a connective tissue graft with either coronally advanced flap (CAF) or tunnel is the most predictable technique for the treatment of single and multiple gingival recessions. Long-term results exist only for CAF with/without connective tissue graft providing evidence for long-term stability with only minor relapses. Soft tissue replacement materials and biologics may represent a valuable modality to additionally improve the clinical outcomes obtained with CAF alone or, in certain clinical situations, to serve as an alternative to autogenous tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Cosgarea
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53125 Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Periodontology and Peri-Implant Diseases, Philipps University of Marburg, Georg-Voigt. Str. 3, Marburg 35039, Germany; Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Iuliu Hatieganu Cluj-Napoca, Str. Clinicilor nr 32, Cluj-Napoca 400056, Romania
| | | | - Andreas Stavropoulos
- Department of Periodontology, University of Malmö, Carl Gustafs väg 34, 214 21 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nicole Arweiler
- Department of Periodontology and Peri-Implant Diseases, Philipps University of Marburg, Georg-Voigt. Str. 3, Marburg 35039, Germany
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 7, Bern CH-3010, Switzerland.
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Droubi L, Laflouf M, Alkurdi S, Sauro S, Mancino D, Haikel Y, Kharouf N. Does Customized Handle Toothbrush Influence Dental Plaque Removal in Children with Down Syndrome? A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9091130. [PMID: 34574905 PMCID: PMC8465411 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9091130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of customized handle toothbrush in dental plaque removal in children with Down syndrome in comparison to children with no special needs. A randomized clinical trial was performed on 48 children aged 6–9 years old. Participants were divided into two groups (n = 24, children with no special needs or with Down syndrome). Each group was divided into two subgroups (customized and conventional toothbrush). Plaque accumulation was evaluated using Turesky modification of the Quigley–Hein plaque index (TMQHPI) at four times (pre-brushing (T0), post-brushing at baseline (T1), 1 week (T2) and 3 weeks (T3)), and the modified gingival index (MGI) was used to evaluate the gingivitis at three times (T0, T2 and T3). Data were statistically analyzed. Plaque accumulation and gingivitis decreased significantly for all groups between T0 and T3 (p < 0.05). Both customized groups demonstrated significant lower plaque accumulation compared to conventional groups (p < 0.05) at T1, T2 and T3 and significant lower gingivitis at T3. Customizing the toothbrush handle improved child’s ability for plaque control, especially in children with Down syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Droubi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus 0100, Syria; (L.D.); (M.L.); (S.A.)
| | - Mohannad Laflouf
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus 0100, Syria; (L.D.); (M.L.); (S.A.)
| | - Saleh Alkurdi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus 0100, Syria; (L.D.); (M.L.); (S.A.)
| | - Salvatore Sauro
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119146 Moscow, Russia;
- Dental Biomaterials and Minimally Invasive Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, CEU University, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Davide Mancino
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (D.M.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Youssef Haikel
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (D.M.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Naji Kharouf
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-66752-2841
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The use of medium bristle toothbrushes is associated with the incidence of gingival fissures. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:1657-1666. [PMID: 34435253 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04138-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to compare the incidence of gingival fissures (GF) associated with the use of soft and medium bristle toothbrushes over three months. MATERIAL AND METHODS A blind randomized crossover clinical trial was conducted with 20 high school students (14 females, 14-24 years old) using both toothbrushes type (soft and medium bristle) during 3 months each. Periodontal examinations and photographs of premolars and molars were recorded on days 0, 30, 60, and 90 of 1st phase. Following a 10-day washout period, the 2nd phase was carried out with the participants changing the assigned brush type. Toothbrushing perception was evaluated at the end of study through a questionnaire. A calibrated and blind examiner analyzed the photographs for GF presence. Differences in the GF incidence between toothbrushes type were analyzed by McNemar test, while factors associated with GF incidence were investigated by Poisson regression. RESULTS Sixty-five percent (n = 13) of participants had at least one GF throughout the study, with 40% (n = 8) of them while using medium brushes only (p = 0.039). GF occurrence was significantly associated with medium brushes (IRR, 3.582; 95% CI 1.459-8.795; p = 0.005). 58.8% of participants reported gingival soreness or bleeding with medium brushes. CONCLUSIONS Both toothbrushes led to the GF occurrence. Nonetheless, medium bristles toothbrushes determined a 3.58 times greater risk of developing these lesions. Clinical relevance The use of medium bristle brush is associated with greater incidence of gingival fissures. The presence of gingival fissures should be considered by the clinician when evaluating the toothbrushing habits of patients.
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Weusmann J, Deschner J, Imber JC, Damanaki A, Leguizamón NDP, Nogueira AVB. Cellular effects of glycine and trehalose air-polishing powders on human gingival fibroblasts in vitro. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:1569-1578. [PMID: 34405311 PMCID: PMC8816749 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04130-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Air-polishing has been used in the treatment of periodontitis and gingivitis for years. The introduction of low-abrasive powders has enabled the use of air-polishing devices for subgingival therapy. Within the last decade, a wide range of different low-abrasive powders for subgingival use has been established. In this study, the effects of a glycine powder and a trehalose powder on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) were investigated. Methods HGF were derived from three systemically and periodontally healthy donors. After 24 h and 48 h of incubation time, mRNA levels, and after 48 h, protein levels of TNFα, IL-8, CCL2, and VEGF were determined. In addition, NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation and in vitro wound healing were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and post hoc Dunnett’s and Tukey’s tests (p < 0.05). Results Glycine powder significantly increased the expression of proinflammatory genes and showed exploitation of the NF-κB pathway, albeit trehalose powder hardly interfered with cell function and did not trigger the NF-κB pathway. In contrast to trehalose, glycine showed a significant inhibitory effect on the in vitro wound healing rate. Conclusion Subgingivally applicable powders for air-polishing devices can regulate cell viability and proliferation as well as cytokine expression. Our in vitro study suggests that the above powders may influence HGF via direct cell effects. Trehalose appears to be relatively inert compared to glycine powder. Clinical relevance With the limitations of an in vitro design, our study suggests that in terms of cell response, trehalose-based air-polishing powders show a reduced effect on inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Weusmann
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - James Deschner
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jean-Claude Imber
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Damanaki
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Natalia D P Leguizamón
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry At Araraquara, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andressa V B Nogueira
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
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Oliveira LM, Pazinatto J, Zanatta FB. Are oral hygiene instructions with aid of plaque-disclosing methods effective in improving self-performed dental plaque control? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Int J Dent Hyg 2021; 19:239-254. [PMID: 33638295 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically evaluate the literature on whether plaque-disclosing (PD) methods, applied by dental professionals (FQ1) or at-home (FQ2), combined with verbal oral hygiene instructions and brushing demonstration (standard OHI) lead to improvements in self-performed dental plaque control in comparison to standard OHI alone. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven databases were searched by two independent reviewers according to pre-specified eligibility criteria up to September 2020. No restrictions regarding language, date and type of report were imposed. The Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias tool (RoB 2.0) was used for quality appraisal. Multiple comparisons referring to a single study were included if the articles evaluated different PD agents. Narrative synthesis using evidence tables were performed. RESULTS Seven eligible studies were retrieved, including data of 430 individuals (159 wearers of orthodontic appliances). The studies exhibited considerable heterogeneity regarding outcome assessments and follow-up. Eleven (eight corresponding to FQ1 and three to FQ2) out of 13 relevant comparisons found no significant difference between techniques for dental plaque outcomes and three (two corresponding to FQ1 and one to FQ2) out of five comparisons indicated a positive effect of standard OHI with aid of PD methods on gingival inflammation scores. With respect specifically to orthodontic patients, three out of four comparisons indicated significant improvements on gingival inflammation scores for individuals instructed with PD methods. CONCLUSION Clinicians should consider PD agents as adjunct to standard OHI in orthodontic patients. For those without appliances, PD methods can be used as an alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Machado Oliveira
- Department of Stomatology, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Emphasis on Periodontics, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Josiele Pazinatto
- Department of Stomatology, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Emphasis on Periodontics, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Batistin Zanatta
- Department of Stomatology, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Emphasis on Periodontics, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
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Subramanya AP, Prabhuji MLV. Comparative evaluation of efficacy and patient-reported outcome measures of oral hygiene instruction methods for calibrated interdental brush. Int J Dent Hyg 2021; 19:287-294. [PMID: 34101341 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the efficacy and patient-reported outcome measures of oral hygiene instruction methods for calibrated interdental brush. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 60 participants, with 30 each in control and test group, participated in the study. Clinical examination included gingival index, full mouth bleeding scores and approximal plaque index. Supragingival scaling was performed. Interdental access probe was used to assess the size of interdental brush and corresponding interdental brush were given to the participants. For the control group, oral hygiene instructions were given through demonstration with model and video. For the test group, oral hygiene instructions were given through 'Touch-to-Teach' method. At 4-week follow-up, oral hygiene instructions were repeated to respective groups. After 3 months, clinical examination was done and exit survey on patient-reported outcome measures was administered. Statistical analysis was done. RESULTS Intergroup comparison of gingival index, full mouth bleeding index and approximal plaque index showed statistically significant difference between test and control group. 'Touch-to-Teach' method of oral hygiene instruction was found to be 'Good'. Acceptance of interdental brush was regarded to be 'Good'. CONCLUSION Within limitations of the study, Touch-to-Teach method of oral hygiene instruction method was found to be effective and more acceptable and participants used the interdental brush regularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin P Subramanya
- Department of Periodontology, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - M L V Prabhuji
- Department of Periodontology, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bengaluru, India
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Silva H. Tobacco Use and Periodontal Disease-The Role of Microvascular Dysfunction. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:441. [PMID: 34067557 PMCID: PMC8156280 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal disease consists in highly prevalent wide-ranging inflammatory conditions that affect the supporting apparatus of teeth. Tobacco use is the most important risk factor for periodontal disease as it increases disease severity and periodontal surgery complications. Tobacco use is harmful for the vasculature by causing microvascular dysfunction, which is known to negatively affect periodontal disease. To the author's knowledge this paper is the first comprehensive review on the mechanisms by which tobacco use affects oral microcirculation and impacts the pathophysiology of periodontal disease. In healthy subjects, acute nicotine administration or tobacco use (smoking/smokeless forms) increases the blood flow in the oral mucosa due to local irritation and increased blood pressure, which overcome neural- and endocrine-mediated vasoconstriction. Chronic tobacco smokers display an increased gingival microvascular density, which is attributed to an increased capillary recruitment, however, these microcirculatory units show higher tortuosity and lower caliber. These morphological changes, together with the repetitive vasoconstrictive insults, contribute to lower gingival perfusion in chronic smokers and do not completely regress upon smoking cessation. In periodontal disease there is considerable gingival inflammation and angiogenesis in non-smokers which, in chronic smokers, are considerably suppressed, in part due to local immune suppression and oxidative stress. Tobacco exposure, irrespective of the form of use, causes long-term microvascular dysfunction that increases the risk of complications due to the natural disease course or secondary therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Silva
- Informetrics Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam
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Radaic A, Kapila YL. The oralome and its dysbiosis: New insights into oral microbiome-host interactions. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:1335-1360. [PMID: 33777334 PMCID: PMC7960681 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The oralome is the summary of the dynamic interactions orchestrated between the ecological community of oral microorganisms (comprised of up to approximately 1000 species of bacteria, fungi, viruses, archaea and protozoa - the oral microbiome) that live in the oral cavity and the host. These microorganisms form a complex ecosystem that thrive in the dynamic oral environment in a symbiotic relationship with the human host. However, the microbial composition is significantly affected by interspecies and host-microbial interactions, which in turn, can impact the health and disease status of the host. In this review, we discuss the composition of the oralome and inter-species and host-microbial interactions that take place in the oral cavity and examine how these interactions change from healthy (eubiotic) to disease (dysbiotic) states. We further discuss the dysbiotic signatures associated with periodontitis and caries and their sequalae, (e.g., tooth/bone loss and pulpitis), and the systemic diseases associated with these oral diseases, such as infective endocarditis, atherosclerosis, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and head and neck/oral cancer. We then discuss current computational techniques to assess dysbiotic oral microbiome changes. Lastly, we discuss current and novel techniques for modulation of the dysbiotic oral microbiome that may help in disease prevention and treatment, including standard hygiene methods, prebiotics, probiotics, use of nano-sized drug delivery systems (nano-DDS), extracellular polymeric matrix (EPM) disruption, and host response modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Radaic
- Kapila Laboratory, Orofacial Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yvonne L. Kapila
- Kapila Laboratory, Orofacial Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
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Scannapieco FA, Gershovich E. The prevention of periodontal disease-An overview. Periodontol 2000 2020; 84:9-13. [PMID: 32844421 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that common diseases of the oral cavity, such as gingivitis and periodontitis, are preventable. Based on a large body of scientific evidence, a number of preventive strategies are known to prevent these diseases, but only if routinely implemented. Unfortunately, while most preventive strategies are theoretically simple to understand, they are often difficult to employ in practice at individual and public health levels. This volume of Periodontology 2000 provides the most current information on the state of the science and the evidence base supporting a preventive perspective for the management of periodontal disease, including evidence for proven interventions as well as cutting-edge ideas for potential future interventions. In addition to well-established and scientifically proven approaches (tooth and implant cleansing, topical chemotherapeutics, reduction in risk factors such as tobacco smoking), a number of new ideas are now under investigation, including antioxidant agents, probiotics, vaccines, and slow-release alternative chemotherapeutics. Furthermore, there are new ideas to alter patient behaviors with the aim to improve adherence to preventive strategies. Finally, examples from implementation science and public health are provided that suggest novel approaches to bring new ideas into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A Scannapieco
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY.,School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Eva Gershovich
- School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
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