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Asa'ad F, Petrenya N, Jönsson B, Holde GE, Oscarson N, Hadler-Olsen E, Vieira AR, Petzold M, Larsson L. Polymorphism in epigenetic regulating genes in relation to periodontitis, number of teeth, and levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and glycated hemoglobin: The Tromsø Study 2015-2016. J Periodontol 2023; 94:1324-1337. [PMID: 37382343 DOI: 10.1002/jper.23-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the association between periodontitis and four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in epigenetic regulation of DNA, and between these same SNPs and tooth loss, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. METHODS We included participants with periodontal examination (n = 3633, aged: 40-93 years) from the Tromsø Study seventh survey (2015-2016), Norway. Periodontitis was defined according to the 2017 AAP/EFP classification system as no periodontitis, grades A, B, or C. Salivary DNA was extracted and genotyping was performed to investigate four SNPs (rs2288349, rs35474715, rs34023346, and rs10010325) in the sequence of the genes DNMT1, IDH2, TET1, and TET2. Association between SNPs and periodontitis was analyzed by logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, and smoking. Subgroup analyses on participants aged 40-49 years were performed. RESULTS In participants aged 40-49 years, homozygous carriage of minor A-allele of rs2288349 (DNMT1) was associated with decreased susceptibility to periodontitis (grade A: odds ratio [OR] 0.55; p = 0.014: grade B/C OR 0.48; p = 0.004). The minor A-allele of rs10010325 (TET2) was associated with increased susceptibility to periodontitis (grade A OR 1.69; p = 0.035: grade B/C OR 1.90; p = 0.014). In the entire sample, homozygous carriage of the G-allele of rs35474715 (IDH2) was associated with having ≤24 teeth (OR 1.31; p = 0.018). Homozygous carriage of the A-allele of TET2 was associated with hs-CRP≥3 mg/L (OR 1.37; p = 0.025) and HbA1c≥6.5% (OR 1.62; p = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS In this Norwegian population, there were associations between polymorphism in genes related to DNA methylation and periodontitis, tooth loss, low-grade inflammation, and hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Asa'ad
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Natalia Petrenya
- The Public Dental Health Service Competence Centre of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Birgitta Jönsson
- The Public Dental Health Service Competence Centre of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gro Eirin Holde
- The Public Dental Health Service Competence Centre of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nils Oscarson
- Clinic of Periodontology, The Public Dental Service, Region Västra Götaland, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Elin Hadler-Olsen
- The Public Dental Health Service Competence Centre of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Alexandre R Vieira
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Max Petzold
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Larsson
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Mi Z, Meng N, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Song S, Cheng R, Xu X, Gao J, Yu F, Ren X. Genetically predicted obstructive sleep apnea is causally associated with an increased risk for periodontitis. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:723. [PMID: 37803323 PMCID: PMC10559524 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03338-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and periodontitis are associated, whether this association is causative is uncertain. METHODS We conducted a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using data from publically accessible genome-wide association studies. The single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for OSA were derived from 16,761 cases and 201,194 controls. The pooled data of periodontitis association involved up to 17,353 individuals. Disease-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms were selected as an instrumental variable at the genome-wide significance level (p < 5.0 × 10- 6). Subsequently, the causal effects were estimated using three different methods: inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median. Then, these causal estimates were expressed as dominance ratios [odds ratio (OR)]. RESULTS The MR analysis revealed that genetically determined OSA promotes the development of periodontitis [ IVW OR = 1.117, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.001-1.246, p = 0.048). Furthermore, no causal effect of genetically predicted periodontitis on OSA was noted in the reverse MR analysis (IVW OR = 1, 95% CI: 0.95-1.06, p = 0.87). The trend in results from the MR-Egger regression and weighted median (WM) was consistent with that in results from the IVW method. The robustness of the results was confirmed by the sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the results of our MR investigation suggest an association between OSA and periodontitis, proposing that early screening and treatment of OSA is beneficial for the prevention and prognosis of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqian Mi
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 030001, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Nan Meng
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 030001, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yitao Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 030001, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 030001, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shan Song
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 030001, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaojiang Xu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 030001, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jinhua Gao
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 030001, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Feiyan Yu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 030001, Taiyuan, China.
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Xiuyun Ren
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 030001, Taiyuan, China.
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China.
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Sun J, Tong D, Sun C, Wang X, Zuo Z, Liu Y, Qi L, Kong L, Luan X, Meng J. Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward self-control of dental plaque among patients with periodontal diseases: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:628. [PMID: 37660046 PMCID: PMC10475179 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03352-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of periodontal disease is closely linked to individual oral healthcare behaviors. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward the self-control of dental plaque among patients with periodontal diseases. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at Jinan Stomatological Hospital between July 2022 and September 2022 through a self-administrated questionnaire for patients with periodontal diseases. RESULTS A total of 563 participants were included. Among them, 147 (26.11%) had gingivitis and 416 (73.89%) had periodontitis. Participants' knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 8.71 ± 2.81 (range 0-12), 39.82 ± 3.69 (range 10-50), 33.13 ± 5.91 (range 11-55), respectively. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the knowledge [odds ratio (OR) = 1.212, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.097-1.339, P < 0.001], attitude (OR = 1.132, 95% CI: 1.070-1.198, P < 0.001), occupation, especially in the commercial and service industry (OR = 0.488, 95% CI: 0.221-1.080, P = 0.007), and income of 10,000-20,000 yuan (OR = 0.476, 95% CI: 0.258-0.877, P = 0.017) were independently associated with good practice. CONCLUSIONS Chinese patients with periodontal diseases demonstrated satisfactory knowledge and attitudes regarding oral hygiene, but the practical aspects need more promotion and training, especially in daily brushing frequency, usage of oral irrigator and interdental brush. Individualized approach should consider patients' knowledge, attitudes, occupation and income level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Periodontology, Central Laboratory, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Dongdong Tong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University; Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration; Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Chen Sun
- Department of Periodontology, Central Laboratory, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Periodontology, Central Laboratory, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Zhibin Zuo
- Department of Periodontology, Central Laboratory, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Vocational College of Nursing, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Liangyan Qi
- Department of Periodontology, Central Laboratory, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Lingxue Kong
- Department of Periodontology, Central Laboratory, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Xiao Luan
- Department of Periodontology, Central Laboratory, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Junru Meng
- Hospital Infection Management Office, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, 250000, China.
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Xu X, Li X, Qiu S, Zhou Y, Li L, Chen X, Zheng K, Xu Y. Concentration Selection of Biofriendly Enzyme-Modified Gelatin Hydrogels for Periodontal Bone Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:4341-4355. [PMID: 37294274 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is challenging to cure radically due to its complex periodontal structure and particular microenvironment of dysbiosis and inflammation. However, with the assistance of various materials, cell osteogenic differentiation could be improved, and the ability of hard tissue regeneration could be enhanced. This study aimed to explore the appropriate concentration ratio of biofriendly transglutaminase-modified gelatin hydrogels for promoting periodontal alveolar bone regeneration. Through a series of characterization and cell experiments, we found that all the hydrogels possessed multi-space network structures and demonstrated their biocompatibility. In vivo and in vitro osteogenic differentiation experiments also confirmed that the group 40-5 (transglutaminase-gelatin concentration ratio) possessed a favorable osteogenic potential. In summary, we conclude that such hydrogel with a 40-5 concentration is most conducive to promoting periodontal bone reconstruction, which might be a new route to deal with the dilemma of clinical periodontal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanwen Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Department of Periodontology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Department of Periodontology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Shuang Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Department of Periodontology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Department of Periodontology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Department of Periodontology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Department of Periodontology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Department of Periodontology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
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Tabaa M, Adatowovor R, Shabila A, Morford L, Dawson D, Harrison P, Aukhil I, Huang H, Stromberg A, Goncalves J, Shaddox LM. Pattern of grade C molar-incisor pattern periodontitis in families. J Periodontol 2023; 94:811-822. [PMID: 36370032 DOI: 10.1002/jper.22-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the clinical and inflammatory response patterns for individual siblings diagnosed with grade C molar-incisor pattern periodontitis (C-MIP) and between the related siblings within families. METHODS Sixty-nine siblings within 28 families with moderate-to-severe C-MIP were included. Clinical parameters were evaluated for symmetry regarding the affected type of teeth, side and/or arch, and bone loss pattern. The protein concentrations from in vitro whole blood cultures for 14 different lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammatory markers were correlated with the extent and severity of disease, within an individual sibling and among siblings within a family. RESULTS A similar disease pattern was observed among all siblings and within families. The most common teeth affected were first molars and incisors or first molars only within the permanent dentition and only molars within the primary dentition (p < 0.001). Symmetry involving molars was higher than in incisors in siblings, regardless of arch or side affected (p = 0.020). Arc-shape/vertical bone defects were the most common (p = 0.006) and higher symmetry was found for these defects in the permanent dentition (p = 0.005). Positive correlations were found between age, clinical attachment loss, and percent affected sites with several inflammatory markers. The inflammatory responses for several inflammatory markers were correlated within and among families (p < 0.050). Specifically, the intraclass correlation coefficient within families was highest (>0.5) for interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, and IL-10. CONCLUSIONS Families with C-MIP presented similar patterns of disease. The level of an inflammatory response to bacteria seemed to play a role in the extent and severity of this disease, exemplified by the high degree of correlation in these families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Tabaa
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Reuben Adatowovor
- Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Avesta Shabila
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lorri Morford
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Dolph Dawson
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Peter Harrison
- Department of Periodontology, Dublin School of Dentistry, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ikramuddin Aukhil
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Hong Huang
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Arnold Stromberg
- Statistics, College of Arts and Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jussara Goncalves
- Division of Periodontology and Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Luciana M Shaddox
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Division of Periodontology and Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Sitompul SI, Pikir BS, Kencono Wungu CD, Supandi SK, Sinta ME. Analysis of the Effects of IL-6 -572 C/G, CRP -757 A/G, and CRP -717 T/C Gene Polymorphisms; IL-6 Levels; and CRP Levels on Chronic Periodontitis in Coronary Artery Disease in Indonesia. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051073. [PMID: 37239434 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) play an important role in chronic periodontitis with coronary artery disease (CAD). Genetic factors can affect a person's risk of CAD, which affects one-third of the population. This study investigated the role of IL-6 -572 C/G, CRP -757 A/G, and CRP -717 T/C gene polymorphisms. IL-6 and CRP levels on the severity of periodontitis in CAD in Indonesia were also evaluated. This case-control study was conducted with mild and moderate-severe chronic periodontitis groups. A path analysis test was conducted with Smart PLS with a 95% confidence interval to determine the significant variable for chronic periodontitis. Our study revealed that the effects of IL-6 -572 C/G, CRP -757 A/G, and CRP -717 T/C gene polymorphisms on IL-6 levels and CRP levels were not significant. IL-6 and CRP levels were not significantly different between the two groups. We found that IL-6 levels had a significant effect on CRP levels in periodontitis patients with CAD (path coefficient 0.322, p = 0.003). IL-6 -572 C/G, CRP -757 A/G, and CRP -717 T/C gene polymorphisms had no effect on the severity of chronic periodontitis in CAD patients in the Indonesian population. We also observed no apparent effects of the influence of gene polymorphisms in IL-6 -572 C/G, CRP -757 A/G, and CRP -717 T/C genes. Although the IL-6 and CRP levels were not significantly different between the two groups, IL-6 levels affected CRP levels in periodontitis patients with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanggap Indra Sitompul
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
- Medical Staff Group of Cardiology, Doris Sylvanus Hospital, Palangka Raya 73111, Indonesia
| | - Budi Susetyo Pikir
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
| | - Citrawati Dyah Kencono Wungu
- Department of Physiology and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
| | - Shafira Kurnia Supandi
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
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Recent Clinical Treatment and Basic Research on the Alveolar Bone. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030843. [PMID: 36979821 PMCID: PMC10044990 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The periodontal ligament is located between the bone (alveolar bone) and the cementum of the tooth, and it is connected by tough fibers called Sharpey’s fibers. To maintain healthy teeth, the foundation supporting the teeth must be healthy. Periodontal diseases, also known as tooth loss, cause the alveolar bone to dissolve. The alveolar bone, similar to the bones in other body parts, is repeatedly resorbed by osteoclasts and renewed by osteogenic cells. This means that an old bone is constantly being resorbed and replaced by a new bone. In periodontal diseases, the alveolar bone around the teeth is absorbed, and as the disease progresses, the alveolar bone shrinks gradually. In most cases, the resorbed alveolar bone does not return to its original form even after periodontal disease is cured. Gum covers the tooth surface so that it matches the shape of the resorbed alveolar bone, exposing more of the tooth surface than before, making the teeth look longer, leaving gaps between the teeth, and in some cases causing teeth to sting. Previously, the only treatment for periodontal diseases was to stop the disease from progressing further before the teeth fell out, and restoration to the original condition was almost impossible. However, a treatment method that can help in the regeneration of the supporting tissues of the teeth destroyed by periodontal diseases and the restoration of the teeth to their original healthy state as much as possible is introduced. Recently, with improvements in implant material properties, implant therapy has become an indispensable treatment method in dentistry and an important prosthetic option. Treatment methods and techniques, which are mainly based on experience, have gradually accumulated scientific evidence, and the number of indications for treatment has increased. The development of bone augmentation methods has contributed remarkably to the expansion of indications, and this has been made possible by various advances in materials science. The induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS) cell technology for regenerating periodontal tissues, including alveolar bone, is expected to be applied in the treatment of diseases, such as tooth loss and periodontitis. This review focuses on the alveolar bone and describes clinical practice, techniques, and the latest basic research.
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Brodzikowska A, Górski B, Bogusławska-Kapała A. Effects of Interleukin-1 Genotype on the Clinical Efficacy of Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment of Polish Patients with Periodontitis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020456. [PMID: 36830992 PMCID: PMC9953258 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Periodontitis is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease associated with dysbiotic plaque biofilms and characterized by progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting apparatus. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of basic periodontal treatment depending on the interleukin-1 genotype in adult Poles. (2) Methods: Sixty subjects aged 39-64 years were examined. At initial presentation (T1), at 6-8 weeks (T2), and 16-18 weeks (T3) after treatment completion, the following percentages were recorded: surfaces with plaque, pockets bleeding, pocket depth, and change in the attachment level. During the T1 examination, the genotype for IL-1 was determined using the GenoType® PST test. (3) Results: Thirty subjects had genotype IL+ and the other thirty were IL-. During the T1 examination no significant differences were observed between patients. The study showed an increase of all the tested clinical parameters after 6-8 weeks. This increase continued up to the T3 examination. A significant reduction in the percentage of plaque surfaces after 6-8 weeks was observed, which was sustained after 16-18 weeks for both genotypes. For both genotypes, a significant decrease in the percentage of bleeding pockets was observed at the T2 examination, which persisted through until examination T3. For both studied genotypes, after 6-8 weeks, a significant shallowing of pockets was observed. In patients with the IL- genotype, a further significant shallowing of pockets was observed after 16-18 weeks. A significant reconstruction of epithelial attachment was observed between the T1 and T2 examinations, averaging 0.55 mm in patients with the IL+ genotype, and 0.77 in patients with the IL- genotype. (4) Conclusions: The results of our study show that the IL-1 genotype, may be one of the factors affecting the healing process after non-surgical periodontal treatment in adult Poles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniela Brodzikowska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Binieckiego 6, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Bartłomiej Górski
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Binieckiego 6, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bogusławska-Kapała
- Department of Comprehensive Dental Care, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Binieckiego 6, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
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Potential Impact of Prosthetic Biomaterials on the Periodontium: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031075. [PMID: 36770741 PMCID: PMC9921997 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of a prosthetic treatment is closely related to the periodontal health of the individual. The aim of this article was to review and present the importance of prosthetic restorative materials on the condition of the periodontium, the changes that occur in the composition of the subgingival microbiota and the levels of inflammatory markers in gingival crevicular fluid. Articles on the influence of different prosthetic restorative materials on subgingival microbiota and proinflammatory cytokines were searched for using the keywords "prosthetic biomaterials", "fixed prosthesis", "periodontal health", "subgingival microbiota", "periodontal biomarkers" and "gingival crevicular fluid" in PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar. The type of material used for prosthesis fabrication together with poor marginal and internal fit can result in changes in the composition of the subgingival microbiota, as well as increased accumulation and retention of dentobacterial plaque, thus favoring the development of periodontal disease and prosthetic treatment failure. Biological markers have helped to understand the inflammatory response of different prosthetic materials on periodontal tissues with the main purpose of improving their clinical application in patients who need them. Metal-free ceramic prostheses induce a lower inflammatory response regardless of the fabrication method; however, the use of CAD/CAM systems is recommended for their fabrication. In addition, it is presumed that metal-ceramic prostheses cause changes in the composition of the subgingival microbiota producing a more dysbiotic biofilm with a higher prevalence of periodontopathogenic bacteria, which may further favor periodontal deterioration.
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Role of immune-related lncRNAs--PRKCQ-AS1 and EGOT in the regulation of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 expression in human gingival fibroblasts with TNF-α stimulation. J Dent Sci 2023; 18:184-190. [PMID: 36643260 PMCID: PMC9831783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose It was reported that lncRNAs have an effect on immune-related diseases, however, their roles in periodontitis remain to be investigated. The aim of this study was to look for immune-related lncRNAs in periodontitis, and to preliminarily explore their function in vitro. Materials and methods CIBERSORT was used to analyze abundance of immune cell in the periodontal tissue. Correlation between the expression profile of lncRNAs and abundance of immune cell was calculated and immune-related lncRNAs were identified. The expressions of immune-related lncRNAs identified were validated by RT-qPCR with 15 periodontitis and 15 healthy gingival tissues. The expressions of PRKCQ-AS1 and EGOT in HGFs were detected under the stimulation of different concentrations of TNF-α (0, 10, 15, 20, 30 ng/mL) and different duration (0, 12, 24 and 48 h). Then, siRNA was used to silence PRKCQ-AS1 and EGOT in HGFs. The expression level of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 of the HGFs after stimulated by 15 ng/mL TNF-α, and the activation of NF-κB pathway was observed. Results PRKCQ-AS1 and EGOT were identified as top 2 immune-related lncRNAs in periodontal tissues. The expressions of PRKCQ-AS1 and EGOT were significantly up-regulated in inflamed periodontal tissue and in HGFs under TNF-α stimulation. After knock-down of PRKCQ-AS1 and EGOT, expression level of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in HGFs with TNF-α stimulation were decreased, and activation of NF-κB pathway was inhibited. Conclusion PRKCQ-AS1 and EGOT were firstly identified as immune-related lncRNAs in periodontal tissue, and they regulate the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 of HGFs through the NF-κB pathway.
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Chen ZJ, Lv JC, Wang ZG, Wang FY, Huang RH, Zheng ZL, Xu JZ, Wang J. Polycaprolactone Electrospun Nanofiber Membrane with Sustained Chlorohexidine Release Capability against Oral Pathogens. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040280. [PMID: 36547540 PMCID: PMC9785334 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple-pathogen periodontal disease necessitates a local release and concentration of antibacterial medication to control inflammation in a particular location of the mouth cavity. Therefore, it is necessary to effectively load and deliver medicine/antibiotics to treat numerous complex bacterial infections. This study developed chlorhexidine (CHX)/polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofiber membranes with controlled release properties as periodontal dressings to prevent or treat oral disorders. Electrostatic spinning was adopted to endow the nanofiber membranes with a high porosity, hydrophilicity, and CHX loading capability. The release of CHX occurred in a concentration-dependent manner. The CHX/PCL nanofiber membranes exhibited good biocompatibility with human periodontal ligament stem cells, with cell viability over 85% in each group via CCK-8 assay and LIVE/DEAD staining; moreover, the good attachment of the membrane was illustrated by scanning electron microscopy imaging. Through the agar diffusion assay, the nanofiber membranes with only 0.075 wt% CHX exhibited high antibacterial activity against three typical oral infection-causing bacteria: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Prevotella intermedia. The results indicated that the CHX/PCL nanofiber holds great potential as a periodontal dressing for the prevention and treatment periodontal disorders associated with bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jian Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Department of Clinical Cosmetology, Xiangyang No. 1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang 441001, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Wang
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fei-Yu Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610032, China
| | - Ren-Huan Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Zi-Li Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jia-Zhuang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Correspondence: (J.-Z.X.); (J.W.)
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
- Correspondence: (J.-Z.X.); (J.W.)
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Newman KL, Kamada N. Pathogenic associations between oral and gastrointestinal diseases. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:1030-1039. [PMID: 35691866 PMCID: PMC9691515 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Both periodontitis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are complex chronic conditions characterized by aberrant host immune response and dysregulated microbiota. Emerging data show an association between periodontitis and IBD, including direct and indirect mechanistic links between oral and intestinal inflammation. Direct pathways include translocation of proinflammatory microbes from the oral cavity to the gut and immune priming. Indirect pathways involve systemic immune activation with possible nonspecific effects on the gut. There are limited data on the effects of periodontal disease treatment on IBD course and vice versa, but early reports suggest that treatment of periodontitis decreases systemic immune activation and that treatment of IBD is associated with periodontitis healing, underscoring the importance of recognizing and treating both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira L Newman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nobuhiko Kamada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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13
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Brodzikowska A, Górski B, Bogusławska-Kapała A. Association between IL-1 Gene Polymorphisms and Stage III Grade B Periodontitis in Polish Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14687. [PMID: 36429405 PMCID: PMC9690736 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease originating from microbial, environmental and genetic factors. The present study aimed to find an association of genetic polymorphisms at IL-1A-889 and IL-1B+3953 loci in Polish patients with stage III grade B periodontitis and periodontally healthy subjects. Fifty patients with stage III grade B periodontitis (tests) and thirty-five periodontally healthy controls were included in the study. To determine IL-1A and IL-1B gene polymorphisms, buccal swab-derived DNA obtained by means of the GenoType PST test was used. There were no statistically significant differences regarding the prevalence of IL-1A-889 or IL-1B+3953 alleles between groups. The frequencies of different IL-1A-889 genotypes did not differ significantly between groups. The IL-1B+3953 C/T genotype was significantly more predominant in periodontitis patients than in controls, whereas C/C genotype prevalence was significantly lower in the test group. Complex genotypes consisting of at least one IL-1A-889 and IL-1B+3953 T allele occurred significantly more frequently in subjects with periodontitis. Stage III grade B periodontitis may be associated with the IL-1B+3953 T allele and composite IL-1 polymorphism. Reduced susceptibility to periodontal disease was present in IL-1A-889 and IL-1B+3953 C/C homozygotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniela Brodzikowska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Górski
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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Xu X, Zhou Y, Zheng K, Li X, Li L, Xu Y. 3D Polycaprolactone/Gelatin-Oriented Electrospun Scaffolds Promote Periodontal Regeneration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:46145-46160. [PMID: 36197319 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a worldwide chronic inflammatory disease, where surgical treatment still shows an uncertain prognosis. To break through the dilemma of periodontal treatment, we fabricated a three-dimensional (3D) multilayered scaffold by stacking and fixing electrospun polycaprolactone/gelatin (PCL/Gel) fibrous membranes. The biomaterial displayed good hydrophilic and mechanical properties. Besides, we found human periodontal ligament stem cell (hPDLSC) adhesion and proliferation on it. The following scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cytoskeleton staining results proved the guiding function of fibers to hPDLSCs. Then, we further analyzed periodontal regeneration-related proteins and mRNA expression between groups. In vivo results in a rat acute periodontal defect model confirmed that the topographic cues of materials could directly guide cellular orientation and might provide the prerequisite for further differentiation. In the aligned scaffold group, besides new bone regeneration, we also observed that angular concentrated fiber regeneration in the root surface of the defect is similar to the normal periodontal tissue. To sum up, we have constructed electrospun membrane-based 3D biological scaffolds, which provided a new treatment strategy for patients undergoing periodontal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanwen Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing210029, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing210029, China
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing210029, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing210029, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing210029, China
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing210029, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing210029, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing210029, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing210029, China
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing210029, China
| | - Lu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing210029, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing210029, China
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing210029, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing210029, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing210029, China
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing210029, China
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Sudi SM, Kabbashi S, Roomaney IA, Aborass M, Chetty M. The genetic determinants of oral diseases in Africa: The gaps should be filled. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:1017276. [PMID: 36304994 PMCID: PMC9593064 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.1017276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral diseases are a major health concern and are among the most prevalent diseases globally. This problem is becoming more prominent in the rapidly growing populations of Africa. It is well documented that Africa exhibits the most diverse genetic make-up in the world. However, little work has been conducted to understand the genetic basis of oral diseases in Africans. Oral health is often neglected and receives low prioritisation from funders and governments. The genetic determinants of highly prevalent oral diseases such as dental caries and periodontal disease, and regionally prevalent conditions such as oral cancer and NOMA, are largely under-researched areas despite numerous articles alluding to a high burden of these diseases in African populations. Therefore, this review aims to shed light on the significant gaps in research on the genetic and genomic aspects of oral diseases in African populations and highlights the urgent need for evidence-based dentistry, in tandem with the development of the dentist/scientist workforce.
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Caetano AJ, D'Agostino EM, Sharpe P, Nibali L. Expression of periodontitis susceptibility genes in human gingiva using single-cell RNA sequencing. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:1210-1218. [PMID: 36170299 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Single-cell transcriptomics was used to determine the possible cell-type specificity of periodontitis susceptibility genes. BACKGROUND The last decade has witnessed remarkable advances in the field of human genomics. Despite many advances, the genetic factors associated with or contributing to the periodontitis pathogenesis have only been identified to a limited extent and are often poorly validated. Confirming whether a given single nucleotide polymorphism has an association with periodontitis requires a robust mechanistic explanation on the functional consequences of a given genetic variant. METHODS We globally assessed the expression of 26 disease-associated genes identified by GWAS within the gingival mucosa. A total of 12 411 cells from 4 different donors were analysed. Differentially expressed genes were analysed using Seurat, a non-parametric Wilcoxon rank sum test. The minimum threshold for significance was defined as p < .05. RESULTS This exploration at a cellular-level suggests diverse populations contributing to disease pathogenesis, with macrophages expressing a higher number of the analysed disease-associated genes. IL1B, PTGS2, FCGR2A, IL10 and IL1A specifically showed a more restricted expression in the myeloid lineages. CONCLUSION This short report combines human genetics and single-cell genomics to better understand periodontitis by mapping variants to predict their cells of action and putative functions. These findings seem to suggest that innate cell dysfunction is linked to disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana J Caetano
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Paul Sharpe
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Luigi Nibali
- Periodontology Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral Craniofacial Sciences, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London, UK
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Zhao Q, Wen J, Ouyang X, Liu J, Liu W, Zhang S, Lv P, Lou X. Whole-transcriptome analysis of periodontal tissue and construction of immune-related competitive endogenous RNA network. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:370. [PMID: 36045361 PMCID: PMC9429583 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02401-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In periodontitis, noncoding RNAs may play a regulatory role in the immune microenvironment through competitive endogenous RNA. We aimed to profile noncoding RNA expression and construct immune-related ceRNA network in periodontitis. Methods Five inflamed periodontal tissue and five healthy gingivae were collected for whole-transcriptome sequencing. Differential gene, functional enrichment, and protein–protein interaction network analysis were performed to explore the function of differentially expressed genes. CIBERSORTx was used to analyze level of immune cell infiltration in the periodontal tissue. An immune-related competitive endogenous RNA network was constructed and expression of key regulators in the network was validated.
Results Compared with healthy gingiva, 200 mRNAs, 90 long noncoding RNAs, 65 microRNAs, and 518 circular RNAs were differentially expressed, and cell chemotaxis was significantly enhanced in inflamed periodontal tissue. Immune cell infiltration analysis showed that neutrophils, macrophages M1, T follicular helper cells, and naive B cells were significantly increased in periodontitis. Key regulators including JUN, FOS, THBS1, KLF2, WIF1, were identified and their expression was then validated.
Conclusion We constructed an immune-related competitive endogenous RNA network in periodontal tissue, which provided new insights into immune homeostasis in periodontitis and laid a foundation for further study of noncoding RNAs. Key regulators in this network may be promising targets for future periodontitis treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-022-02401-0.
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Identification of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Related Biomarkers of Periodontitis Based on Machine Learning: A Bioinformatics Analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:8611755. [PMID: 36072904 PMCID: PMC9444421 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8611755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective To screen for potential endoplasmic reticulum stress- (ERS-) related biomarkers of periodontitis using machine learning methods and explore their relationship with immune cells. Methods Three datasets of periodontitis (GSE10334, GES16134, and GES23586) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and the samples were randomly assigned to the training set or the validation set. ERS-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between periodontitis and healthy periodontal tissues were screened and analyzed for GO, KEGG, and DO enrichment. Key DEGs were screened by two machine learning algorithms, LASSO regression and support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE); then, the potential biomarkers were identified through validation. The infiltration of immune cells of periodontitis was calculated using the CIBERSORT algorithm, and the correlation between immune cells and potential biomarkers was specifically analyzed through the Spearman method. Results We obtained 36 ERS-related DEGs of periodontitis from the training set, from which 11 key DEGs were screened by further machine learning. SERPINA1, ERLEC1, and VWF showed high diagnostic values (AUC > 0.85), so they were considered as potential biomarkers for periodontitis. According to the results of the immune cell infiltration analysis, these three potential biomarkers showed marked correlations with plasma cells, neutrophils, resting dendritic cells, resting mast cells, and follicular helper T cells. Conclusions Three ERS-related genes, SERPINA1, ERLEC1, and VWF, showed valuable biomarker potential for periodontitis, which provide a target base for future studies on early diagnosis and treatment of periodontitis.
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Huang X, Lan Y, Shen J, Chen Z, Xie Z. Extracellular Vesicles in Bone Homeostasis: Emerging Mediators of Osteoimmune Interactions and Promising Therapeutic Targets. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:4088-4100. [PMID: 35844790 PMCID: PMC9274499 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.69816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An imbalance in bone homeostasis results in bone loss and poor healing in bone diseases and trauma. Osteoimmune interactions, as a key contributor to bone homeostasis, depend on the crosstalk between mesenchymal stem cell-osteoblast (MSC-OB) and monocyte-macrophage (MC-Mφ) lineages. Currently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are considered to be involved in cell-to-cell communication and represent a novel avenue to enhance our understanding of bone homeostasis and to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic options. In this comprehensive review, we aim to present recent advances in the study of the effect of MC-Mφ-derived EVs on osteogenesis and the regulatory effects of MSC-OB-derived EVs on the differentiation, recruitment and efferocytosis of Mφ. Furthermore, we discuss the role of EVs as crucial mediators of the communication between these cell lineages involved in the development of common bone diseases, with a focus on osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, bone fracture, and periodontal disease. Together, this review focuses on the apparent discrepancies in current research findings and future directions for translating fundamental insights into clinically relevant EV-based therapies for improving bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Huang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yanhua Lan
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jiahui Shen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhijian Xie
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
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Zheng Y, Zhu C, Zhu M, Lei L. Difference in the alveolar bone remodeling between the adolescents and adults during upper incisor retraction: a retrospective study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9161. [PMID: 35650260 PMCID: PMC9160063 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12967-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the difference of alveolar bone remodeling between the adolescents and adults in the maxillary incisor area during retraction. This retrospective study included 72 female patients who needed moderate anchorage to correct the bimaxillary protrusion. Subjects were further divided into the minor group (n = 36, 11-16 years old) and adult group (n = 36, 18-35 years old). Digital lateral cephalography and cone beam CT scanning were taken in each patient before (T0) and after treatment (T1). Cephalometry was conducted to assess incisor retraction, while alveolar bone thickness (ABT), alveolar bone distance (ABD), and alveolar bone area (ABA) were detected to assess changes in the alveolar bone. No difference in the inclination of upper incisors was observed at both T0 and T1 between two groups. Changes in the alveolar bone showed a similar tendency with bone apposition on the labial side and bone resorption on the palatal side in both groups. Less increase in the labial ABT (T1-T0) and more decrease in the palatal ABT (T1-T0) was found in the adult group, leading to less total ABT in the adult group. Higher reduction in ABD (T1-T0) was found in the adult group. Moreover, more decrease in the ABA (T1-T0) was found in the adult group. Adult patients have less alveolar bone support after treatment when compared with young adolescents. Orthodontists should take the age into consideration to reduce the potential periodontal risks during the treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenjing Zhu
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lang Lei
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
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Jakovljevic A, Jacimovic J, Georgiou AC, Nikolic N, Aminoshariae A, van der Waal SV, Nagendrababu V. Single nucleotide polymorphisms as a predisposing factor for the development of apical periodontitis-An umbrella review. Int Endod J 2022; 55:700-713. [PMID: 35476797 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interaction between heredity and different environmental factors in the modification of apical periodontitis (AP) susceptibility and prediction of its progression remain poorly elucidated. OBJECTIVES This umbrella review aimed to (i) analyse the available relevant systematic reviews in an attempt to determine the association between genotype and allelic distribution of different single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the development of AP, (ii) report deficiencies and gaps in knowledge in this area and (iii) present recommendations to conduct future clinical studies and systematic reviews. METHODS A literature search was conducted using Clarivate Analytics' Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, from inception to October 2021, with no language restrictions, including a grey literature search. Systematic reviews with/without meta-analysis evaluating genotype and allelic distribution of different SNPs between adult patients with/ without AP were included. All other type of studies were excluded. The methodological quality was assessed using the A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR)-2 tool. Two independent reviewers were involved in study selection, data extraction and appraising the included reviews; disagreements were resolved by a third reviewer. RESULTS The current study includes five systematic reviews. Three reviews performed meta-analysis. Three reviews were graded by AMSTAR 2 as 'critically low' quality, whereas the other two were graded as 'low' and 'moderate' quality. Two reviews indicated that carriers of specific genotypes and alleles of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) -308 G > A and interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β) + 3954 C/T gene polymorphisms are more susceptible to an acute and persistent form of AP. However, high heterogeneity was observed. DISCUSSION The statistical heterogeneity within included systematic reviews was a consequence of clinical and methodological diversity amongst primary studies. Although some of the included reviews suggested that carriers of specific genotype and/or allele of TNF-α -308 G > A and IL-1β + 3954 C/T SNPs are more susceptible to AP, their conclusions should be interpreted with caution. CONCLUSIONS No candidate genes could be identified as a definitive genetic risk or protective factor for the development and progression of AP, and further high-quality genome-wide association studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Jakovljevic
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Jacimovic
- Central Library, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Athina Christina Georgiou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Endodontics, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nadja Nikolic
- Laboratory for Basic Science, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Anita Aminoshariae
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Suzette V van der Waal
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Endodontics, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Venkateshbabu Nagendrababu
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
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Polymorphisms in Genes Involved in Inflammation and Periodontitis: A Narrative Review. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040552. [PMID: 35454140 PMCID: PMC9030004 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Current evidence pinpoints that the variability in periodontitis traits in humans may be attributable to genetic factors. Different allelic variants can result in alterations in tissue structure, antibody responses and inflammatory mediators. Consequently, genetic variations may act as protective or risk factors for periodontal diseases. A number of features of the inflammatory and immune response that seem to play a role in the development of periodontitis have a clearly established genetic basis. Identifying genes that contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontitis may be utilized for risk assessment in both aggressive and chronic periodontitis. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the role of polymorphisms in genes involved in inflammation and periodontitis, including cellular receptors, tissue compatibility antigens, antibodies and cytokines.
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Periodontal infectogenomics: a systematic review update of associations between host genetic variants and subgingival microbial detection. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:2209-2221. [PMID: 35122548 PMCID: PMC8898234 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to systematically update the evidence for associations between host genetic variants and subgingival microbial detection and counts. Materials and methods Following a previous systematic review (Nibali et al. J Clin Periodontol 43(11): 889-900, 15), an update of a systematic search of the literature was conducted in Ovid Medline, Embase, LILACS, and Cochrane Library for studies reporting data on host genetic variants and detection of microbes subgingivally published in the last 6 years. Results A total of 19 studies were included in the review, from an initial search of 2797 titles. Studies consisted mainly of candidate gene studies and of one genome-wide analysis. A total of 62 studies were considered for summary findings, including 43 identified in the previous systematic review of studies published up to 2015. Meta-analyses were done when appropriate including both papers in the original review and in the update. Meta-analyses revealed lack of associations between IL1 composite genotype and subgingival detection of Aggregatibacter acinomycetemcomitans, Poprhyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Prevotella intermedia. Promising evidence is emerging from other genetic variants and from sub-analyses of data from genome-association studies. Among other studies with candidate-gene, target SNPs were mainly within the IL10, IL6, IL4, IL8, IL17A, and VDR gene. Conclusions IL1 composite genotype does not seem to be associated with subgingival microbial detection. Promising associations should be pursued by future studies, including studies employing -OMICS technologies. Clinical relevance A better knowledge of which host genetic variant predispose to subgingival microbial colonization and to the development of progression of periodontal disease could potentially help to better understand periodontal disease pathogenesis and help with its management. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00784-021-04233-8.
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Liu Y, Fu D. lncRNA ZNF710-AS1 Acts as a ceRNA for miR-146a-5p and miR-146b-5p to Accelerate Osteogenic Differentiation of PDLSCs by Upregulating the BMP6/Smad1/5/9 Pathway. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2022. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.31.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Dentistry Department, Jiufeng Street Health Service Center of East Lake Gaoxin District
| | - Dongjie Fu
- Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
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Dereka X, Akcalı A, Trullenque-Eriksson A, Donos N. Systematic review on the association between genetic polymorphisms and dental implant-related biological complications. Clin Oral Implants Res 2021; 33:131-141. [PMID: 34820916 DOI: 10.1111/clr.13882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the association between specific genetic polymorphisms and dental implant-related biological complications in patients having a follow-up period of at least 12-months post-loading. MATERIAL AND METHODS A sensitive search strategy was developed to identify implant-related genetic-association studies. This was performed by searching five databases. A three-stage screening (titles, abstract, full text) was carried out in duplicate and independently by two reviewers. Assessment was carried out according to the suggested scale for quality assessment of periodontal genetic-association studies and adapted to genetic analyses of implant-related studies leading to an overall final score 0-20 based on the summation of positive answers. RESULTS The initial search resulted in 1838 articles. Sixty-seven full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and four studies met the defined inclusion criteria. IL-6 G174C, TNF-α -308, IL-1A-889 and IL-1B+3954 and CD14-159 C/T polymorphisms were evaluated. The quality assessment scores ranged from 6 to 11 positive answers from out of a maximum score of 20. The great heterogeneity among the studies did not allow a meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS The published evidence on genetic predisposition and implant biologic complications is limited. The small number of identified studies evaluating the association between genetic polymorphisms and peri-implant disease presented methodological and reporting inadequacies. Thus, the potential link between genetic polymorphisms and biological complications should be further investigated and clarified through well-designed clinical studies on adequately powered and appropriately included study populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xanthippi Dereka
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
| | - Aliye Akcalı
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK.,Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Anna Trullenque-Eriksson
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
| | - Nikolaos Donos
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK.,Centre for Oral Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Bart's & The London School of Dentistry & Medicine, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
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26
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Öztürk A, Ada AO. The roles of ANRIL polymorphisms in periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:1121-1135. [PMID: 34821979 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04257-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to investigate the potential role of ANRIL polymorphisms in susceptibility to periodontitis. METHODS The authors searched Pubmed, Web of Science, and Scopus up to April 2021 to identify all published studies without any language restriction on the association between ANRIL and periodontitis. A meta-analysis of all ANRIL variants replicated by three or more studies was performed by testing multiple genetic models of association. Pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to estimate associations. Tests for sensitivity and publication bias were performed. RESULTS Twenty-two variants in the ANRIL gene were examined for their potential association with the risk of periodontitis. However, only 4 (rs1333048, rs1333042, rs2891168, rs496892) are replicated at least three or more studies. The ANRIL rs1333048 was the most replicated polymorphisms with five articles, seven different populations comprising of 1331 cases, and 2624 controls. The pooled overall analysis showed that rs1333048, rs1333042, rs2891168, and rs496892 polymorphisms were associated with susceptibility to periodontitis in the whole population in allele contrast and dominant models. Moreover, similar to the overall analysis, rs1333048 polymorphism showed a significant association with grade C periodontitis (known as aggressive periodontitis in 1999 classification) in allele contrast (OR = 1.16) and dominant models (1.19). Interestingly, subgroup analysis also showed rs1333048 polymorphism might influence predisposition to a slowly progressive form of periodontitis (known as chronic periodontitis in 1999 classification). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the ANRIL rs1333048, rs1333042, rs2891168, and rs496892 polymorphisms might influence predisposition to periodontitis, particularly in Caucasians. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE ANRIL gene may represent a potential risk marker for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Öztürk
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Oğuz Ada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Martínez-García M, Hernández-Lemus E. Periodontal Inflammation and Systemic Diseases: An Overview. Front Physiol 2021; 12:709438. [PMID: 34776994 PMCID: PMC8578868 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.709438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common inflammatory disease of infectious origins that often evolves into a chronic condition. Aside from its importance as a stomatologic ailment, chronic periodontitis has gained relevance since it has been shown that it can develop into a systemic condition characterized by unresolved hyper-inflammation, disruption of the innate and adaptive immune system, dysbiosis of the oral, gut and other location's microbiota and other system-wide alterations that may cause, coexist or aggravate other health issues associated to elevated morbi-mortality. The relationships between the infectious, immune, inflammatory, and systemic features of periodontitis and its many related diseases are far from being fully understood and are indeed still debated. However, to date, a large body of evidence on the different biological, clinical, and policy-enabling sources of information, is available. The aim of the present work is to summarize many of these sources of information and contextualize them under a systemic inflammation framework that may set the basis to an integral vision, useful for basic, clinical, and therapeutic goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireya Martínez-García
- Sociomedical Research Unit, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Hernández-Lemus
- Computational Genomics Division, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico.,Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mèxico, Mexico City, Mexico
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Zubeidat K, Hovav AH. Shaped by the epithelium - postnatal immune mechanisms of oral homeostasis. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:622-634. [PMID: 34083119 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The first encounter of mucosal barriers with the microbiota initiates host-microbiota feedback loops instructing the tailored development of both the immune system and microbiota at each mucosal site. Once established, balanced immunological interactions enable symbiotic relationships with the microbiota in adult life. This process has been extensively investigated in the mammalian monolayer epithelium-covered intestine and lung mucosae; however, the postnatal mechanisms engaged by the oral mucosa to establish homeostasis are currently being discovered. Here, we discuss the early life dialogue between the oral mucosa and the microbiota, with particular emphasis on the central role the multilayer epithelium plays to protect the oral mucosa. These intricate and unique postnatal immunological processes shape oral homeostasis, which can potentially affect buccal and systemic health in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Zubeidat
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avi-Hai Hovav
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Abstract
Periodontal microbiology has historically been based on an "us against them" paradigm, one that focuses mainly on identifying microbes and viruses that cause disease. However, such a bottom-up approach limits our appreciation of the incredible diversity of this ecosystem and the essential ways in which microbial interactions contribute to health and homeostasis of the subgingival niche. Microbiomics-the science of collectively characterizing and quantifying molecules responsible for the structure, function, and dynamics of a microbial community-has enabled us to study these communities in their natural habitat, thereby revolutionizing our knowledge of host-associated microbes and reconceptualizing our definition of "human." When this systems-biology approach is combined with ecologic principles, it explicates the complex relationship that exist between microbiota and between them and us, the human. In this volume of Periodontology 2000, a group of 12 female scientists take the lead in investigating how metagenomics, genomics, metatranscriptomics, proteomics, metaproteomics, and metabolomics have achieved the following: (a) widened our view of the periodontal microbiome; (b) expanded our understanding of the evolution of the human oral microbiome; (c) shone a light on not just bacteria, but also other prokaryotic and eukaryotic members of the community; (d) elucidated the effects of anthropogenic behavior and systemic diseases on shaping these communities; and (e) influenced traditional patterns of periodontal therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purnima S Kumar
- Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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