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Li H, Zhou H, Li L, Han X, Shang Q, Zhang C, Zhou M, Fu ZF, Zhao J, Zhao L. Epidemiological status and genome characteristics of canine parvovirus in China from 2022 to 2024. Arch Virol 2025; 170:124. [PMID: 40350501 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-025-06301-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2025] [Indexed: 05/14/2025]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a highly contagious and lethal virus that primarily affects dogs. The virulence and transmissibility of this virus have intensified over time, posing significant challenges to the prevention and control of this pathogen. In this study, to investigate the epidemiology of CPV in China, 2,654 fecal samples were collected from seven provinces, and the positive rate was found to be 50.53%. The positive rates in Liaoning, Shandong, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Jiangxi, and Fujian provinces were 78.53%, 9.25%, 58.37%, 3.00%, 42.68%, 78.26%, and 41.47%, respectively. Among these samples, four genotypes were identified: CPV-2 (4.42%), CPV-2c (69.04%), new CPV-2a (23.81%), and new CPV-2b (2.7%). Notably, CPV-2c emerged as the most prevalent genotype. Amino acid sequence alignments indicated that the main substitutions in VP2 were M87L, S297A, A300G, Y324I, N375D, and N426D/E, and the main substitutions in NS1 were I60V, Y544F, E545V, and L630P. Moreover, the mutations A5G, Q370R, and N426E were observed to be nearly universal among all CPV-2c strains, and I60V, Y544F, E545V were mainly found in CPV-2c and new CPV-2b strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on VP2 sequences revealed that CPV and FPV formed two distinct clusters. Furthermore, the CPV cluster was subdivided into four groups: CPV-2, CPV-2c, new CPV-2a, and new CPV-2b. However, the sub-branch of the NS1 evolutionary tree did not correspond strictly to the CPV genotype. In summary, our findings revealed significant variation in the prevalence of CPV across different regions in China. These findings carry significant implications for our understanding of CPV transmission dynamics and will play an important role in informing vaccine development strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqi Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Linfeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaohu Han
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qinghua Shang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chengguang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhen F Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianqing Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Ling Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Mira F, Franzo G, Schirò G, Vicari D, Purpari G, Cannella V, Giudice E, Trapani M, Carrozzo A, Spene G, Talarico V, Guercio A. Introduction of a Divergent Canine Parvovirus Type 2b Strain with a Dog in Sicily, Southern Italy, Through the Mediterranean Sea Route to Europe. Pathogens 2025; 14:108. [PMID: 40005485 PMCID: PMC11857852 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens14020108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2024] [Revised: 01/20/2025] [Accepted: 01/21/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Despite over four decades since its emergence, canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) remains a relevant disease for dogs. Few studies, primarily only recent ones based on phylodynamic and phylogeography approaches, have highlighted the impact of rapid and long-distance transport of dogs on the CPV-2 spreading dynamics. The present study reports the genomic characterization of a CPV-2 strain detected in a dog introduced into Italy from the coasts of North Africa through the Mediterranean Sea route to Europe. The nearly complete CPV-2 sequence was obtained and analyzed. The viral isolate was characterized as a CPV-2b variant, showing genetic signatures distinct from those of CPV-2 strains detected to date in Europe. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic approaches revealed a close correlation with CPV-2 strains recently reported in the Middle East (Turkey and Egypt), which likely originated or co-evolved from Asian ones. It is at least suggestive that the inferred spreading pattern overlaps with the routes often followed by migrants travelling from Asia and Middle East to Europe, passing through Africa. This evidence for the introduction of CPV-2 via the Mediterranean Sea route to Europe highlights the relevant role of the dog movements in the global spread of emerging or re-emerging viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, PA, Italy; (F.M.); (D.V.); (G.P.); (V.C.); (A.C.); (G.S.); (V.T.); (A.G.)
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, ME, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), Padua University, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy;
| | - Giorgia Schirò
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, PA, Italy; (F.M.); (D.V.); (G.P.); (V.C.); (A.C.); (G.S.); (V.T.); (A.G.)
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, ME, Italy;
| | - Domenico Vicari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, PA, Italy; (F.M.); (D.V.); (G.P.); (V.C.); (A.C.); (G.S.); (V.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Giuseppa Purpari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, PA, Italy; (F.M.); (D.V.); (G.P.); (V.C.); (A.C.); (G.S.); (V.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Vincenza Cannella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, PA, Italy; (F.M.); (D.V.); (G.P.); (V.C.); (A.C.); (G.S.); (V.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Elisabetta Giudice
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, ME, Italy;
| | - Martino Trapani
- Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Trapani, Dipartimento di Prevenzione Veterinaria, U.O.S. Igiene degli Allevamenti e delle Produzioni Zootecniche (SIAPZ) Trapani-Pantelleria, 91016 Erice, TP, Italy;
| | - Anna Carrozzo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, PA, Italy; (F.M.); (D.V.); (G.P.); (V.C.); (A.C.); (G.S.); (V.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Giada Spene
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, PA, Italy; (F.M.); (D.V.); (G.P.); (V.C.); (A.C.); (G.S.); (V.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Virginia Talarico
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, PA, Italy; (F.M.); (D.V.); (G.P.); (V.C.); (A.C.); (G.S.); (V.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Annalisa Guercio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, PA, Italy; (F.M.); (D.V.); (G.P.); (V.C.); (A.C.); (G.S.); (V.T.); (A.G.)
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Zhou H, Cui K, Su X, Zhang H, Xiao B, Li S, Yang B. Overview of Recent Advances in Canine Parvovirus Research: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Microorganisms 2024; 13:47. [PMID: 39858815 PMCID: PMC11767475 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms13010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2024] [Revised: 12/24/2024] [Accepted: 12/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV-2) was first identified in the late 1970s and has since become one of the most significant infectious agents affecting dogs. CPV-2 causes severe diseases such as hemorrhagic gastroenteritis and myocarditis, posing a major threat to canine health, particularly with a high mortality rate in puppies. It is globally recognized as a highly contagious and lethal pathogen. CPV is prone to rapid mutation, leading to the emergence of new variants. Despite widespread vaccination efforts, CPV remains one of the primary causes of acute gastroenteritis and death in young and juvenile dogs. Furthermore, the detection of CPV in swine populations has introduced additional challenges to its control. This review summarizes the current epidemiological status of CPV, highlighting recent advancements in diagnostic techniques and vaccine development. Additionally, it discusses the latest research on the pathogenesis of the virus and the development of antiviral agent research and proposes prevention and control suggestions for CPV under the One Health concept. In particular, there is a need to enhance surveillance of viral dynamics, accelerate the development of novel vaccines, and deepen the exploration of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. This review aims to provide a scientific foundation for effective control of CPV and to guide future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhuan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (H.Z.); (K.C.); (X.S.); (H.Z.); (B.X.)
| | - Kaidi Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (H.Z.); (K.C.); (X.S.); (H.Z.); (B.X.)
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 117004, China
| | - Xia Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (H.Z.); (K.C.); (X.S.); (H.Z.); (B.X.)
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (H.Z.); (K.C.); (X.S.); (H.Z.); (B.X.)
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 117004, China
| | - Bing Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (H.Z.); (K.C.); (X.S.); (H.Z.); (B.X.)
| | - Songping Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (H.Z.); (K.C.); (X.S.); (H.Z.); (B.X.)
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 117004, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (H.Z.); (K.C.); (X.S.); (H.Z.); (B.X.)
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Li Z, Cai J, Feng C, Wang Y, Fang S, Xue X. Two novel sites determine genetic relationships between CPV-2 and FPV: an epidemiological survey of canine and feline parvoviruses in Changchun, China (2020). Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1444984. [PMID: 39559542 PMCID: PMC11571754 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1444984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 11/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV-2) and feline parvovirus (FPV) cause severe hemorrhagic diarrhea disease in dogs, cats, and fur-bearing and wildlife carnivores worldwide, continuing to pose significant threats. In this study, 140 rectal swabs were collected from 70 domestic dogs and 70 cats with clinical diarrhea in veterinary clinics in Changchun during 2020. A total of 64.3% (45/70) of dogs and 55.7% (39/70) of cats tested positive for CPV-2 or FPV using colloidal gold strips. Amino acid (aa) sequence alignment of the VP2 protein from 39 CPV-2 and 36 FPV samples revealed that 79.5% (31/39) were CPV-2c, 17.9% (7/39) were a new CPV-2a, and 2.6% (1/39) were mink enteritis virus (MEV). and 8.3% (3/36) FPV from the cats was infected by CPV-2, which suggested that CPV-2c was the dominant variant in dogs and FPV was the major pathogen in cats in Changchun city. Phylogenetic relationships of VP2 genes showed that 26 parvoviruses were closely related to domestic strains previously published in China; however, 8 FPVs and CPV-JL-15/China/2020 were clustered in the lineage of South Asiatic and European countries, and 7 out of 8 FPVs were close to Italy. In addition to Q247H, I248Y, F544Y, and E/V545V/K, two novel site mutations of N23D or L630P in NS1 protein, associated with viral cross-species transmissions, were first found as a reminder of genetic relationships of CPV-2 variants and FPVs in the same branch. Thus, regular and massive virus surveillance of parvovirus is necessary to cope with its ongoing infection, circulation, mutations, and evolutions to new subtypes with strong survival abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishu Li
- Department of Viral Infectious Diseases of Special Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaxi Cai
- Department of Viral Infectious Diseases of Special Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chuchu Feng
- Department of Viral Infectious Diseases of Special Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Viral Infectious Diseases of Special Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shuren Fang
- Department of Viral Infectious Diseases of Special Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xianghong Xue
- Department of Viral Infectious Diseases of Special Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Molecular Biology, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Pelegrinová A, Petroušková P, Korytár Ľ, Ondrejková A, Drážovská M, Vojtek B, Mojžišová J, Prokeš M, Kostičák M, Zákutná Ľ, Dolník M, Mandelík R. The first evidence of Asian-like CPV-2b in Slovakia in a vaccinated dog with an acute fatal course of parvovirus infection: a case report. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:3253-3262. [PMID: 39120673 PMCID: PMC11442606 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10492-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
This study provides a comprehensive description of the clinical course of a fatal parvovirus infection in a vaccinated dachshund puppy, along with the first identification of a new CPV-2 variant in Slovakia, elucidated through molecular amino acid analysis of the VP2 gene. The dog exhibited clinical signs such as apathy, vomiting, and bloody diarrhea. After confirming CPV-2 infection with a commercial snap test, intensive therapy was initiated. The dog succumbed within 48 h of admission. A rectal swab sample was collected, CPV-2 was examined using the PCR method, and sequenced. The virus detected in the patient was related to strains of CPV-2c of Asian origin and unrelated to European CPV-2b strains. The sequence had genetic signatures typical of Asian strains (VP2: 5Gly, 267Tyr, 324Ile, 370Arg, and 440Thr). Phylogenetic analysis classified this strain as similar to Asian strains of CPV-2c. It is believed to be derived from an Asian strain similar to CPV-2c that acquired the 426Asp mutation. With this finding, we present the first evidence of an Asian-like CPV-2b strain in the territory of Slovakia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pelegrinová
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, Košice, 041 81, Slovakia
| | - Patrícia Petroušková
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, Košice, 041 81, Slovakia.
| | - Ľuboš Korytár
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, Košice, 041 81, Slovakia
| | - Anna Ondrejková
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, Košice, 041 81, Slovakia
| | - Monika Drážovská
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, Košice, 041 81, Slovakia
| | - Boris Vojtek
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, Košice, 041 81, Slovakia
| | - Jana Mojžišová
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, Košice, 041 81, Slovakia
| | - Marián Prokeš
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, Košice, 041 81, Slovakia
| | - Maroš Kostičák
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, Košice, 041 81, Slovakia
| | - Ľubica Zákutná
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, Košice, 041 81, Slovakia
| | - Michal Dolník
- Clinic of Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, Košice, 041 81, Slovakia
| | - René Mandelík
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, Košice, 041 81, Slovakia.
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Wang R, Gao D, Chen P, Mouzahim M, Muhammad S, Weidong Y, Zhongqi Q, Yilmaz A, Yilmaz H, Umar S. Genetic analysis of feline parvovirus reveals predominance of feline parvovirus-G1 group among cats in China. J Vet Med Sci 2024; 86:1032-1039. [PMID: 39010245 PMCID: PMC11422690 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.24-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Feline parvovirus (FPV) or feline panleukopenia virus is a highly contagious, life-threatening infectious virus in cats. Although FPV vaccination is routinely practiced in China, clinical diseases continue to occur. The investigation of genotypes and viral evolution can contribute to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of FPV. Therefore, this study aimed to provide an up-to-date understanding of the epidemiological, genotypic, and phylogenetic characteristics of FPV. In total, 152 rectal swabs were collected from diseased cats. All swab samples were tested for FPV using molecular methods. Amplification of the complete viral protein 2 (VP2) gene was performed for further analysis and to infer the genotypic and evolutionary characteristics of FPV. Of the 152 samples, FPV DNA was detected in 17 (17/152, 11.18%). Cats with FPV showed variable clinical signs such as dehydration, anorexia, fever, vomiting, and blood-stained diarrhea. Furthermore, VP2 sequences were identified in 17 PCR-positive cats, confirming the presence of FPV. Phylogenetic and nucleotide pairwise identity analyses revealed high genetic similarity among FPV sequences (99.6-100%) and clustered them into the FPV-G1 group. Amino acid analysis indicated a novel mutation (Ala91Ser) in all VP2 gene sequences amplified in this study. Our study provides baseline epidemiological data for the better prevention of FPV with respect to vaccination strategies. Genotypic and phylogenetic analyses confirm that FPV-G1 was the predominant FPV group in infected cats in Kunshan. Therefore, a rigorous countrywide investigation of the genotypic and evolutionary characteristics of FPV is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyi Wang
- Global Health Research Center (GHRC), Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
- Division of Natural & Applied Sciences (DNAS), Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
| | - Di Gao
- MSD Animal Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Pu Chen
- MSD Animal Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Marwa Mouzahim
- Global Health Research Center (GHRC), Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
- Division of Natural & Applied Sciences (DNAS), Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
| | - Shaban Muhammad
- Global Health Research Center (GHRC), Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
- Division of Natural & Applied Sciences (DNAS), Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
| | - Yu Weidong
- Play Pi Kangkang Pet Hospital, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiu Zhongqi
- Simba Pet Hospital (Tinglin Park branch), Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Aysun Yilmaz
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Yilmaz
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sajid Umar
- Global Health Research Center (GHRC), Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
- Division of Natural & Applied Sciences (DNAS), Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
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Grecco S, Condon E, Bucafusco D, Bratanich AC, Panzera Y, Pérez R. Comparative genomics of canine parvovirus in South America: Diversification patterns in local populations. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 123:105633. [PMID: 38969193 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a significant pathogen in domestic dogs worldwide, causing a severe and often fatal disease. CPV comprises three antigenic variants (2a, 2b, and 2c) distributed unevenly among several phylogenetic groups. The present study compared genetic variability and evolutionary patterns in South American CPV populations. We collected samples from puppies suspected of CPV infection in the neighboring Argentina and Uruguay. Antigenic variants were preliminarily characterized using PCR-RFLP and partial vp2 sequencing. Samples collected in Argentina during 2008-2018 were mainly of the 2c variant. In the Uruguayan strains (2012-2019), the 2a variant wholly replaced the 2c from 2014. Full-length coding genome and vp2 sequences were compared with global strains. The 2c and 2a strains fell by phylogenetic analysis into two phylogroups (Europe I and Asia I). The 2c strains from Argentina and Uruguay clustered in the Europe I group, with strains from America, Europe, Asia, and Oceania. Europe I is widely distributed in South America in the dog population and is also being detected in the wildlife population. The 2a strains from Uruguay formed the distinct Asia I group with strains from Asia, Africa, America, and Oceania. This Asia I group is increasing its distribution in South America and worldwide. Our research reveals high genetic variability in adjacent synchronic samples and different evolutionary patterns in South American CPV. We also highlight the importance of ancestral migrations and local diversification in the evolution of global CPV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Grecco
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Emma Condon
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Danilo Bucafusco
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Virología. Av. Chorroarín 280, C1427CWO, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Cristina Bratanich
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Virología. Av. Chorroarín 280, C1427CWO, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yanina Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ruben Pérez
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.
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8
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Reddy H, Srinivas MV, Vasu J, Prabavathy A, Dhodapkar R, Mukhopadhyay HK. Whole-genome sequence analysis of canine parvovirus reveals replacement with a novel CPV-2c strain throughout India. Arch Virol 2024; 169:189. [PMID: 39192096 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) infection causes severe gastroenteritis in canines, with high mortality in puppies. This virus evolved from feline panleukopenia virus by altering its transferrin receptor (TfR), followed by the emergence of CPV-2 variants in subsequent years with altered immunodominant amino acid residues in the VP2 protein. While previous studies have focused on the VP2 gene, there have been fewer studies on non-structural protein (NS1 and NS2) genes. In the present study, CPV genome sequences from clinical samples collected from canines throughout India in 2023, previous Indian CPV isolates from 2009-2019, and the current Indian CPV vaccine strain were compared. The study showed that the CPV-2c (N426E) variant had almost completely replaced the previously dominant CPV-2a variant (N426) in India. The Q370R mutation of VP2 was the most common change in the recent CPV-2c strain (CPV-2c 370Arg variant). Phylogenetic analysis showed the existence of three clades among the recent CPV-2c strains, and sequence analysis identified several new sites of positive selection in the VP1 (N-terminus), VP2, NS1, and NS2 protein-encoding genes in recent CPV strains, indicating the emergence of new CPV-2c variants with varied antigenic and replication properties. The predominant 'CPV-2c 370Arg variants' were grouped with the Chinese and Nigerian CPV-2c strains but were separate from the CPV vaccine strain and earlier isolates from our repository. VP2 epitope analysis predicted nine amino acid variations (including two new variations) in four potential linear B-cell epitopes in the CPV-2c 370Arg variants that might make vaccine failure more likely. This pan-Indian study lays the foundation for further research concerning the dynamics of virus evolution and understanding genetic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Reddy
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education & Research, Puducherry, 605 009, India
| | - Mouttou Vivek Srinivas
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education & Research, Puducherry, 605 009, India.
| | - Jayalakshmi Vasu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education & Research, Puducherry, 605 009, India
| | - Abiramy Prabavathy
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education & Research, Puducherry, 605 009, India
| | - Rahul Dhodapkar
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Hirak Kumar Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education & Research, Puducherry, 605 009, India
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9
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Adly MM, Elgaml MA, Abdel Khalek AF, Saeed OS, Shalaby MA, Amer HM. Molecular characterization of full-length VP2 gene of canine parvovirus type 2 strains circulating in Egypt 2019-2021. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 110:102190. [PMID: 38815398 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is a major cause of fatal gastroenteritis and myocarditis in puppies of domestic and wild carnivores. CPV-2 has accumulated changes over time lead to the emergence of three antigenic variants CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c. VP2 is the major capsid protein that determines virus antigenicity, and host range. Although the three CPV-2 variants were previously identified in Egypt, most reports covered a restricted geographic region and/or time period, and only analyzed partial fragments of VP2 gene. Therefore, this study was designed to test 100 rectal swabs collected from 7 Egyptian governorates between 2019 and 2021 for CPV-2 using PCR. A total of 65 positive samples were identified, mostly in pure dog breeds of young age. The three variants co-circulated in 2019, while CPV-2b was not detected in 2020 and 2021. The frequency of CPV-2b and CPV-2c was higher in 2019 and 2021, respectively. Analysis of CPV-2 full-length VP2 gene sequence from 19/65 positive samples has identified four common amino acid substitutions F267Y, S297A, A300G, Y324I, which are characteristic for the new CPV-2 variants currently circulating worldwide. Unique substitutions including A5G, G36R, V38E, Q370R, and G392V were recognized in certain samples, and appears to have distinct effect on receptor binding, nuclear translocation, and inter-species transmission. Phylogenetic analysis showed separation of CPV-2 strains into two clades. All strains of this study were classified in clade I with Asian strains. In conclusion, this study provides updated comprehensive molecular analysis of CPV-2 variants in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohab M Adly
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Elgaml
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F Abdel Khalek
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Omar S Saeed
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Shalaby
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Haitham M Amer
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt.
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10
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Mira F, Schirò G, Lanave G, Chiaramonte G, Canuti M, Giudice E, Capozza P, Randazzo V, Antoci F, Raele DA, Vicari D, Guercio A, Decaro N, Purpari G. Molecular Screening and Characterization of Canine Coronavirus Types I and II Strains from Domestic Dogs in Southern Italy, 2019-2021. Transbound Emerg Dis 2024; 2024:7272785. [PMID: 40303143 PMCID: PMC12016997 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7272785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2025]
Abstract
Canine coronavirus (CCoV) is a common agent of gastroenteritis in dogs, although some variants have been found associated with systemic and often fatal diseases. Distinct genotypes (CCoV-I and CCoV-II) and subgenotypes (CCoV-IIa and CCoV-IIb) are worldwide distributed. In Italy, CCoV infections have been occasionally evaluated, but information about the molecular epidemiology and the genomic features of currently circulating strains is limited. This study reports the detection and molecular characterization of CCoV strains from samples collected from 284 dogs in Italy between 2019 and 2021. CCoV RNA was detected in 39 (13.7%) dogs, as a single viral agent (5 animals, 12.8%) or with other viral pathogens (canine parvovirus types 2a/2b/2c; canine adenovirus type 1; norovirus GIV.2) (34 animals, 87.2%). A total of 48 CCoV strains were detected either alone (CCoV-I: 51.3%, CCoV-IIa: 20.5%) or in copresence (CCoV-I and CCoV-IIa, 23.1%); surprisingly, CCoV-IIb was not identified in this study. Five clusters of CCoV-I were detected, and their spike gene sequences showed the highest nucleotide identities with CCoV-I strains collected from Greece in 2008/2009 and from China in 2021. CCoV-IIa spike gene sequences (three variants) had the highest nucleotide identities with CCoV-IIa strains collected in Greece in 2008/2009 and in Italy in 2009/2011. Given the high CCoV diversity and the variable pathogenicity potential, we underline the need of further surveillance studies to increase our understanding of the epidemiology and evolution of these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, Palermo 90129, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Giorgia Schirò
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, Palermo 90129, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, Bari 70010, Italy
| | - Gabriele Chiaramonte
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, Palermo 90129, Italy
| | - Marta Canuti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Francesco Sforza 35, Milano 20122, Italy
- Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), Coordinate Research Centre EpiSoMI (Epidemiology and Molecular Surveillance of Infections), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Giudice
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Paolo Capozza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, Bari 70010, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Randazzo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, Palermo 90129, Italy
| | - Francesco Antoci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, Palermo 90129, Italy
| | - Donato Antonio Raele
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, Foggia 71121, Italy
| | - Domenico Vicari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, Palermo 90129, Italy
| | - Annalisa Guercio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, Palermo 90129, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, Bari 70010, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Purpari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, Palermo 90129, Italy
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11
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Mira F, Schirò G, Franzo G, Canuti M, Purpari G, Giudice E, Decaro N, Vicari D, Antoci F, Castronovo C, Guercio A. Molecular epidemiology of canine parvovirus type 2 in Sicily, southern Italy: A geographical island, an epidemiological continuum. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26561. [PMID: 38420403 PMCID: PMC10900816 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Since it emerged as a major dog pathogen, canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) has featured a remarkable genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, whose biological, epidemiological, and clinical impact is still debated. The continuous monitoring of this pathogen is thus of pivotal importance. In the present study, the molecular epidemiology of CPV-2 in Sicily, southern Italy, has been updated by analysing 215 nearly complete sequences of the capsid protein VP2, obtained from rectal swabs/faeces or tissue samples collected between 2019 and 2022 from 346 dogs with suspected infectious gastrointestinal disease. The presence of the original CPV-2 type (4%) and CPV-2a (9%), CPV-2b (18%), or CPV-2c (69%) variants was documented. Over the years, we observed a decrease in the frequency of CPV-2a/-2b and a rapid increase of CPV-2c frequency, with a progressive replacement of the European lineage of CPV-2c by the Asian lineage. The observed scenario, besides confirming epidemiological relevance of CPV-2, highlights the occurrence of antigenic variant shifts over time, with a trend toward the replacement of CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and the European lineage of CPV-2c by the emerging Asian CPV-2c lineage. The comparison with other Italian and international sequences suggests the occurrence of viral exchange with other Italian regions and different countries, although the directionality of such viral flows could not be often established with confidence. In several instances, potential CPV-2 introductions led to epidemiological dead ends. However, major, long-lasting clades were also identified, supporting successful infection establishment, local spreading, and evolution. These results, besides demonstrating the need for implementing more effective control measures to prevent viral introductions and minimize circulation, stress the relevance of routine monitoring activities as the only tool to effectively understand CPV-2 epidemiology and evolution, and develop adequate countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Giorgia Schirò
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Marta Canuti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Coordinate Research Centre EpiSoMI (Epidemiology and Molecular Surveillance of Infections), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Purpari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129, Palermo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Giudice
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, (BA), Italy
| | - Domenico Vicari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Antoci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129, Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Castronovo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129, Palermo, Italy
| | - Annalisa Guercio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129, Palermo, Italy
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12
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Franzo G, Mira F, Schirò G, Canuti M. Not Asian Anymore: Reconstruction of the History, Evolution, and Dispersal of the "Asian" Lineage of CPV-2c. Viruses 2023; 15:1962. [PMID: 37766368 PMCID: PMC10535194 DOI: 10.3390/v15091962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Variability has been one of the hallmarks of canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) since its discovery, and several lineages and antigenic variants have emerged. Among these, a group of viruses commonly called Asian CPV-2c has recently been reported with increasing frequency in different regions. Currently, its global epidemiology and evolution are essentially unknown. The present work deals with this information gap by evaluating, via sequence, phylodynamic, and phylogeographic analyses, all the complete coding sequences of strains classified as Asian CPV-2c based on a combination of amino acid markers and phylogenetic analysis. After its estimated origin around 2008, this lineage circulated undetected in Asia until approximately 2012, when an expansion in viral population size and geographical distribution occurred, involving Africa, Europe, and North America. Asia was predicted to be the main nucleus of viral dispersal, leading to multiple introduction events in other continents/countries, where infection establishment, persistence, and rapid evolution occurred. Although the dog is the main host, other non-canine species were also involved, demonstrating the host plasticity of this lineage. Finally, although most of the strains showed an amino acid motif considered characteristic of this lineage, several exceptions were observed, potentially due to convergent evolution or reversion phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), Padua University, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (F.M.); (G.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giorgia Schirò
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (F.M.); (G.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Marta Canuti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Coordinate Research Centre EpiSoMI (Epidemiology and Molecular Surveillance of Infections), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
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13
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Tegegne D, Tsegaye G, Faustini G, Franzo G. First genetic detection and characterization of canine parvovirus type 2 (Carnivore protoparvovirus 1) in southwestern Ethiopia. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:975-980. [PMID: 36322244 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-10027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The species Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 includes viruses, e.g. canine parvovirus (CPV-2) and feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), which are among the most relevant for pets, causing extremely severe clinical signs and high fatality rate in dogs and cats. Moreover, a broad range of wild hosts, including endangered ones, were proven to be susceptible. Currently, no data on CPV-2 molecular epidemiology and strain characterization are available in Ethiopia, also considering the frequent contacts between domestic and wild populations. In the present study, a molecular epidemiology survey was performed on 92 fecal samples collected from domestic (n = 84) and stray (n = 8) dogs in southwestern Ethiopia in 2021. Approximately, 10% of the samples tested positive and the complete VP2 sequences of 5 strains were obtained, classified within the CPV-2a (n = 1) and CPV-2c (n = 4) antigenic variants. In most instances, the closest genetic relatives were strains of Chinese origin, which is fully compatible with the intense relationships that have been developing between the two countries, involving human being travels and their pets as well. Considering the clinical relevance of this infection and the risk it poses to local domestic and wild carnivore populations, especially endangered ones, much stronger monitoring and surveillance activity on foreign incoming animals should be performed. More strict constraints on animal introduction, e.g. compulsory vaccination, should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechassa Tegegne
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Girma Tsegaye
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Giulia Faustini
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale Dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale Dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
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14
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Bui TTN, Hoang M, Nguyen VD, Nam Nguyen M, Than VT. Molecular characterisation of the current high prevalence of the new CPV-2c variants in the Southern Vietnamese dogs signifies a widespread in the worldwide dog population. Vet Med Sci 2023. [PMID: 37192523 PMCID: PMC10357223 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is known as the primary etiological agent cause of acute gastroenteritis, myocarditis and death of canids worldwide. In Vietnam, although CPV-2 infection and its outbreaks are the most important risk factors of the canine's health concern, lack of available information about the molecular epidemiology of the CPV-2. OBJECTIVES In this study, the complete coding sequences of 10 CPV-2 strains collected from dogs vaccinated with CPV-2 vaccination were analysed to better understand the genomic characteristics of the current circulating CPV-2 in Vietnam. METHODS Ten CPV-specific PCR-positive rectal swab samples were collected from dogs with acute symptoms of haemorrhagic diarrhoea and vomiting in Vietnam in 2019. The complete coding sequences of these CPV strains were analysed to determine their phylogeny and genetic relationship with other available CPV strains globally. RESULTS Analysis of the VP2 gene sequences demonstrated that the studied strains belonged to the new CPV-2c variants with the unique mutations at amino acids 5Ala-Gly and 447Iso-Met . Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that the studied strains share a common evolutionary origin with the current CPV-2c strains circulating in dogs in Asia countries, including China, Thailand, Taiwan and Mongolia, in recent years. Low sequence identity between the studied strains and commercial vaccine strains was observed. CONCLUSIONS This study provides deep insights into the molecular characteristics, genetic diversity, and evolution of circulating CPV-2 strains in Vietnam. We recommend more studies to estimate the effectiveness of the CPV vaccine and the need to continue developing other effective vaccination essential to better control the widespread of these new CPV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi To Nga Bui
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Minh Hoang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van Dung Nguyen
- Sub-Department of Animal Health of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Minh Nam Nguyen
- Research Center for Genetics and Reproductive Health, School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Van Thai Than
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
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15
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Ndiana LA, Lanave G, Desario C, Odigie AE, Madubuike KG, Lucente MS, Ezeifeka CA, Patruno G, Lorusso E, Elia G, Buonavoglia C, Decaro N. Detection of Selected Canine Viruses in Nigerian Free-Ranging Dogs Traded for Meat Consumption. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061119. [PMID: 36978659 PMCID: PMC10044693 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal trade favors the spreading of emerging and re-emerging pathogens. Concerns have been previously expressed regarding the risks of dog trade in spreading zoonotic pathogens in Nigeria. However, the role of these dogs in disseminating highly pathogenic canine viruses has not yet been explored. The present study aimed to identify selected canine viruses in dogs traded for meat consumption in Nigeria. A total of 100 blood samples were screened for carnivore protoparvovirus-1 (CPPV-1), canine adenovirus 1/2 (CAdV-1/2), canine circovirus (CaCV), and canine distemper virus (CDV) by using real-time PCR and conventional PCR and/or sequencing. CPPV-1 DNA was identified in 83% of canine samples while CaCV DNA and CDV RNA were detected in 14% and 17% of the dog samples, respectively. None of the dogs tested positive for CAdV-1/2. The CaCVs identified in this study clustered along with other European, Asian, and American strains. Moreover, CDV strains identified in Nigeria clustered in a separate lineage with the closest genetic relatedness to the Europe-South America-1 clade. Further surveys prior to and after arrival of dogs at the slaughtering points are required to clarify the real virus burden in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Ndiana
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umuhaia Ikot Ekpene Road, Umudike 440101, Nigeria
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Costantina Desario
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Amienwanlen E Odigie
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Kelechi G Madubuike
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umuhaia Ikot Ekpene Road, Umudike 440101, Nigeria
| | - Maria Stella Lucente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Chukwuemeka A Ezeifeka
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umuhaia Ikot Ekpene Road, Umudike 440101, Nigeria
| | - Giovanni Patruno
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lorusso
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Canio Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
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Fu P, He D, Cheng X, Niu X, Wang C, Fu Y, Li K, Zhu H, Lu W, Wang J, Chu B. Prevalence and Characteristics of Canine Parvovirus Type 2 in Henan Province, China. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0185622. [PMID: 36377944 PMCID: PMC9769957 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01856-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the epidemic profile and genetic diversity of canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), a total of 111 clinical samples collected from dogs suspected of CPV-2 infection in 10 cities of Henan province of China during 2020 to 2021 were screened by PCR. The results showed a CPV-2-positive rate of 88.29% (98/111). Nearly full-length genomes of 98 CPV-2 strains were sequenced and analyzed. CPV-2c strains (91.84%, 90/98) were significantly higher than that of new CPV-2a strains (8.16%, 8/98) in Henan province without detecting other CPV genotypes, indicating that CPV-2c has become the dominant genotype in Henan province. A phylogenetic analysis of NS1 and VP2 amino acids grouped the strains in this study with Asian strains, which clustered into an identical branch. Based on the CPV-2 VP2 sequences in this study and available in the NCBI database, the adaptation analyses showed that 17 positive selection sites and 10 parallel evolution sites were identified in the VP2 protein of CPV-2, of which three sites (sites 5, 370, and 426) were both under positive selection pressure and parallel evolution. Interestingly, two amino acid mutations (A5G and Q370R) were also observed in the VP2 proteins of 82 CPV-2c strains in this study, which differed from the earlier CPV-2c strain (GU380303) in China. In addition, a unique mutation (I447M) was observed in the VP2 protein of five CPV-2c strains, which was first reported in China. This study provides powerful insight to further our understanding of the epidemic status and evolution of CPV-2 in China. IMPORTANCE CPV-2 was the original virus strain identified in dogs, which cause an acute and lethal disease in dogs. Subsequently, the original CPV-2 was replaced throughout the world by novel antigenic variants (e.g., CPV-2a, CPV-2b, new CPV-2a, new CPV-2b, and CPV-2c). Currently, the epidemiological characteristics of CPV-2 in Henan province of China is still unclear. In our study, a total of 98 nearly full-length genomes of CPV-2 strains were obtained to explore prevalence and genetic evolution of CPV-2 in Henan Province. Moreover, the epidemiological and genetic evolution of CPV-2 in China since its discovery was also investigated. The results of this study will provide valuable information regarding the evolution of CPV-2 strains in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, The Education Department of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Dongchang He
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, The Education Department of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xinrui Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, The Education Department of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Congrong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, The Education Department of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yiqian Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, The Education Department of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Heshui Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, The Education Department of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Weifei Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, The Education Department of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, The Education Department of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Beibei Chu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, The Education Department of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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17
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Tracing the Genetic Evolution of Canine Parvovirus Type 2 (CPV-2) in Thailand. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121460. [PMID: 36558793 PMCID: PMC9781796 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is responsible for hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in dogs worldwide. High genomic substitution rates in CPV-2 contribute to the progressive emergence of novel variants with increased ability to evade the host immune response. Three studies have analyzed the genomic mutations of CPV-2 variants in Thailand. These investigations were independently conducted at different timepoints. Thus, a retrospective integrated analysis of CPV-2 genomic mutations has not been fully performed. Our study aimed at evaluating the evolutionary changes in CPV-2 in Thailand from 2003 to 2019. Two hundred and sixty-eight Thai CPV-2 nucleotide sequences were used for multiple amino acid sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses. From 2003 to 2010, CPV-2a and -2b were the only variants detected. CPV-2c, emerged in 2014, replacing CPV-2a and -2b, and has become a major variant in 2019. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the proposed mutation pattern of VP2 amino acid residues could help distinguish Thai CPV-2 variants. This comprehensive examination provides insight into the genomic evolution of CPV-2 in Thailand since its first reporting in 2003, which may facilitate the surveillance of the potential genetic alteration of emergent CPV-2 variants.
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18
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Li S, Chen X, Hao Y, Zhang G, Lyu Y, Wang J, Liu W, Qin T. Characterization of the VP2 and NS1 genes from canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) and feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) in Northern China. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:934849. [PMID: 36518900 PMCID: PMC9742280 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.934849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) and feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) cause severe disease in young animals, pups, and kittens. CPV-2 evolved from FPV by altering the species-specific binding of the viral capsid to the host receptor, i.e., the transferrin receptor (TfR), and CPV-2 genetic variants have been identified by specific VP2 amino acid residues (297, 426). Early studies focused on the main capsid protein VP2; however, there have been limited studies on the non-structural protein NS1. In this study, we identified the genetic variants of clinical samples in dogs and cats in northern China during 2019-2020. The genetic characterization and phylogenetic analyses of VP2 and NS1 gene were also conducted. The results revealed that the CPV-2c was identified as the major genetic variant. One new CPV-2b and two CPV-2c strains were collected from cats. Four mutation sites (60, 630, 443, and 545 amino acid residues) were located in the functional domains of the NS1 protein. The phylogenetic analysis of VP2 and NS1 genes showed that they were clustered by geographical regions and genotypes. The gene mutation rate of CPV-2 was increasing in recent years, resulting in a complex pattern of gene evolution in terms of host preference, geographical selection, and new genetic variants. This study emphasizes that continuous molecular epidemiological surveillance is required to understand the genetic diversity of FPV and CPV-2 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohan Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Hao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianke Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Weiquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Qin
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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19
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Bahoussi AN, Wang PH, Ma ZH, Rani N, Wu C, Xing L. Identification of novel recombinants and proposed standard reference genomes for phylogenetic classification of canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2): Comprehensive analysis revealing global evolutionary trait. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1030522. [DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1030522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustained spread and continuous evolution of CPV-2 generate new genetic information; nevertheless, there is no adopted phylogenetic tool, and parvo virologists still refer to the three antigenic variants. Herein, this report attempted to review the evolutionary trait of CPV-2 and proposed standard reference genomes using the Maximum Likelihood-based phylogenetic analysis and Parsimony-Informative Sites. The analysis revealed three main evolutionary pathways where CPV-2 strains cluster into distinct clades depicted as GI, GII, or GIII, respectively. Furthermore, novel CPV-2 natural recombinants were detected, occurring only between the newly identified strains (2017–2020). Those findings provide unique insights into the evolutionary relatedness of CPV-2, clarify discrepancies between different geographic areas and will contribute to achieving a more reliable CPV-2 genetic and evolutionary genotyping classification.
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Emergence of canine parvovirus type 2c (CPV-2c) of Asian origin in domestic dogs in Myanmar. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 90-91:101901. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Lina Z, Kai W, Fuyu A, Dongliang Z, Hailing Z, Xuelin X, Ce G, Hongmei Y, Yingjie K, Zhidong Z, Rongguang L, Yan H. Fatal canine parvovirus type 2a and 2c infections in wild Chinese pangolins (Manis pentadactyla) in southern China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:4002-4008. [PMID: 36070349 PMCID: PMC10087772 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) is a critically endangered scale-covered mammal belonging to the order Pholidota. Wild pangolins are notably susceptible to pathogen infection and are typically characterized by impoverished health. However, little is currently known regarding the viruses prevalent among pangolins. In this study, we report the detection of two subtypes of canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), namely CPV-2a and CPV-2c, both of which caused severe diarrheal disease in two post-rescue pangolins with fatal consequences. As in CPV-2-infected dogs, intensive lesion of the mucosal layer of the small intestines is a prominent feature in infected pangolins. Moreover, the immunochemistry results demonstrated that CPV-2 antigens were distributed in the crypts of small intestine. Additionally, typical parvovirus-associated CPV-2 were detected after four passages in F81 cells, and typical parvovirus-like particles, approximately 20 nm in diameter, were observed in the cell supernatants. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the VP2 viral protein sequences (GenBank accession number OP208805) isolated from one pangolin (termed P1) were classified as CPV-2c, with 99.8% identity to a CPV-2c strain (MN832850) isolated from a Taiwanese pangolin found in Taiwan Province. In contrast, VP2 sequences (#OP208806) obtained from the second pangolin (P2) were classified as CPV-2a, with 99.8% identity to a CPV-2a strain (KY386858) isolated from southern China. In this study, we thus confirmed the infection of pangolins with CPV-2c in mainland China and demonstrated that CPV-2a also can infect pangolins. Based on these findings, we recommend that further investigations should be conducted to establish the interspecies transmission of these viruses among wild pangolins, wild carnivores, and stray dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Lina
- Eco-Engineering Department, Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wang Kai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - An Fuyu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhang Dongliang
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Special Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhang Hailing
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Special Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Xuelin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo Ce
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Hongmei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kuang Yingjie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhang Zhidong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Rongguang
- School of Medicine, Chinese University of Hongkong Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Mira F, Puleio R, Schirò G, Condorelli L, Di Bella S, Chiaramonte G, Purpari G, Cannella V, Balboni A, Randazzo V, Antoci F, Vicari D, Guercio A. Study on the Canine Adenovirus Type 1 (CAdV-1) Infection in Domestic Dogs in Southern Italy. Pathogens 2022; 11:1254. [PMID: 36365005 PMCID: PMC9693395 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine adenovirus type 1 (CAdV-1) is the causative agent of a systemic and potentially fatal viral disease of domestic and wild canids. In Italy, CAdV-1 infection has also been occasionally described in dogs, but information on the epidemiology and its genomic features is still limited. A study was conducted on 291 dogs suspected of infectious gastrointestinal disease. Samples collected from dogs in southern Italy between 2017 and 2020 were analyzed. Virological and histopathological assays were carried out. The presence of CAdVs and other canine viral enteropathogens was investigated, and sequence and phylogenetic analyses were performed. CAdV-1 was detected in six (2.1%) dead stray dogs alone or in mixed infections with other viruses. Gross lesions and histopathological findings referred to CAdV infection were observed, also involving the central nervous system tissues. All inoculated samples were successfully isolated. Sequence analysis evidenced divergences with the circulating strains previously described in Italy and a closer relation with older CAdV-1 strains collected from other countries, suggesting a genetic heterogeneity of CAdV-1 in Italy. The evidence of the circulation of CAdV-1 and its genomic features allows us to have more in-depth knowledge of the epidemiology and evolution of the CAdV-1 genomic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Puleio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgia Schirò
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Lucia Condorelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Santina Di Bella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gabriele Chiaramonte
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Purpari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenza Cannella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Balboni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Randazzo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Antoci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Vicari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Annalisa Guercio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi n. 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
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23
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Identification and Molecular Characterization of a Divergent Asian-like Canine Parvovirus Type 2b (CPV-2b) Strain in Southern Italy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911240. [PMID: 36232542 PMCID: PMC9570342 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is an infectious agent relevant to domestic and wild carnivorans. Recent studies documented the introduction and spread of CPV-2c strains of Asian origin in the Italian canine population. We investigated tissue samples from a puppy collected during necropsy for the presence of viral enteropathogens and all samples tested positive only for CPV-2. The full coding sequence of a CPV-2b (VP2 426Asp) strain was obtained. This virus was related to CPV-2c strains of Asian origin and unrelated to European CPV-2b strains. The sequence had genetic signatures typical of Asian strains (NS1: 60Val, 545Val, 630Pro; VP2: 5Gly, 267Tyr, 324Ile) and mutations rarely reported in Asian CPV-2b strains (NS1: 588N; VP2: 370Arg). Phylogenetic analyses placed this strain in well-supported clades, including Asian CPV-2c-like strains, but always as a basal, single-sequence long branch. No recombination was observed for this strain, and we speculate that it could have originated from an Asian CPV-2c-like strain that acquired the 426Asp mutation. This study reports the first evidence of an Asian-like CPV-2b strain in Italy, confirming the occurrence of continuous changes in the global CPV-2 spread. Since positive convergent mutations complicate data interpretation, a combination of phylogenetic and mutation pattern analyses is crucial in studying the origin and evolution of CPV-2 strains.
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Unusual "Asian-origin" 2c to 2b point mutant canine parvovirus (Parvoviridae) and canine astrovirus (Astroviridae) co-infection detected in vaccinated dogs with an outbreak of severe haemorrhagic gastroenteritis with high mortality rate in Hungary. Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:1355-1361. [PMID: 36129562 PMCID: PMC9490711 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09997-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the aetiological background of an outbreak of severe haemorrhagic gastroenteritis (HGE) in a colony of purebred Jack Russell Terriers vaccinated against CPV-2 in Hungary was investigated. Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2, Parvoviridae) and canine astrovirus (CaAstV, Astroviridae) co-infection was identified by viral metagenomics and next-generation sequencing (VM-NGS) methods from a rectal swab of an affected 7-week-old puppy. The complete coding sequence of CPV-2 strain FR1/CPV2-2021-HUN (ON733252) and the complete genome of CaAstV strain FR1/CaAstV-2021-HUN (ON733251) were determined by VM-NGS and PCR methods. Results of sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that CPV-2 strain FR1/CPV2-2021-HUN was different from the applied vaccine strains and previously identified strains from Hungary but showed high sequence identity (> 99.8%) and close phylogenetic relationship to recently described “Asian-origin” CPV-2c strains from Italy. But, based on the single amino acid difference on position 426 of VP2 (Glu/Asp) between the study strain and the closest relatives, FR1/CPV2-2021-HUN belonged to the 2b antigenic type rather than 2c. The CaAstV strain FR1/CaAstV-2021-HUN showed close relationship with a CaAstV strain identified previously from a diarrhoeic dog in Hungary. Both viruses were continuously detectable by PCR in additional enteric samples, and the CPV-2 could also be detected in several (n = 32) tissue samples from 9 affected deceased puppies. Further comparative studies are necessary to confirm the role of the point mutation causing the change in the antigenic type of this “Asian-origin” CPV-2 and/or the role of CaAstV co-infection in the development and/or severity of (haemorrhagic) gastroenteritis among dogs vaccinated against CPV-2.
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25
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Packianathan R, Hodge A, Wright J, Lavidis L, Ameiss K, Yip HYE, Akbarzadeh M, Sharifian M, Amanollahi R, Khabiri A, Hemmatzadeh F. Cross-Neutralization of Vanguard C4 Vaccine Against Australian Isolates of Canine Parvovirus Variants CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:553-558. [PMID: 35997600 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2022.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) remains one of the most significant viral pathogens in dogs in Australia and worldwide despite the availability of safe and effective CPV vaccines. At least three different variants of CPV-2 have emerged and spread all around the world, namely CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c. The ability of the current vaccines containing either original CPV-2 type or CPV-2b variant to cross protect the heterologous variants has been well demonstrated in laboratory studies, despite some concerns regarding the vaccine efficacy against the emerging variants. Vanguard®, a series of multivalent vaccines, has been in the market for a considerable period of time and demonstrated to provide efficacy against all three types of CPV variants CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of the recently registered Vanguard C4 vaccine to induce cross-neutralizing antibodies against the Australian isolates of CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c variants. Blood samples collected from dogs vaccinated with Vanguard C4 were analyzed by virus neutralizing assays developed for each of three CPV variants. The results of the study demonstrated that Vanguard vaccine induced cross-neutralizing antibodies against the Australian isolates of CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c, thus offering cross protection against all three Australian CPV variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Packianathan
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Zoetis Australia, Rhodes, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Hodge
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Zoetis Australia, Rhodes, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Wright
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Zoetis Australia, Rhodes, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lynette Lavidis
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Zoetis Australia, Rhodes, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Keith Ameiss
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Zoetis Inc., Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Hiu Ying Esther Yip
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Australia
| | - Malihe Akbarzadeh
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Australia
| | - Maryam Sharifian
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Australia
| | - Reza Amanollahi
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Australia
| | - Aliakbar Khabiri
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Australia
| | - Farhid Hemmatzadeh
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Australia
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Ndiana LA, Lanave G, Zarea AAK, Desario C, Odigie EA, Ehab FA, Capozza P, Greco G, Buonavoglia C, Decaro N. Molecular characterization of carnivore protoparvovirus 1 circulating in domestic carnivores in Egypt. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:932247. [PMID: 35937285 PMCID: PMC9354892 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.932247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) and feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), now included in the unique species Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (CPPV1), have been circulating in dogs and cats for several decades and are considered the causes of clinically important diseases, especially in young animals. While genetic evidence of the circulation of parvoviruses in Egyptian domestic carnivores has been provided since 2016, to date, all available data are based on partial fragments of the VP2 gene. This study reports the molecular characterization of CPPV strains from Egypt based on the full VP2 gene. Overall, 196 blood samples were collected from dogs and cats presented at veterinary clinics for routine medical assessment in 2019 in Egypt. DNA extracts were screened and characterized by real-time PCR. Positive samples were amplified by conventional PCR and then were sequenced. Nucleotide and amino acid changes in the sequences were investigated and phylogeny was inferred. Carnivore protoparvovirus DNA was detected in 18 out of 96 dogs (18.8%) and 7 of 100 cats (7%). Phylogenetic analyses based on the full VP2 gene revealed that 9 sequenced strains clustered with different CPV clades (5 with 2c, 2 with 2a, 1 with 2b, and 1 with 2) and 1 strain with the FPV clade. All three CPV variants were detected in dog and cat populations with a predominance of CPV-2c strains (7 of 18, 38.9%) in dog samples, thus mirroring the circulation of this variant in African, European, and Asian countries. Deduced amino acid sequence alignment revealed the presence of the previously unreported unique mutations S542L, H543Q, Q549H, and N557T in the Egyptian CPV-2c strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A. Ndiana
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Gianvito Lanave
| | - Aya A. K. Zarea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Veterinary Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Eugene A. Odigie
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Fouad A. Ehab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Veterinary Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Paolo Capozza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia Greco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Urbani L, Tirolo A, Balboni A, Troia R, Dondi F, Battilani M. Concomitant Infections With Canine Parvovirus Type 2 and Intracellular Tick-Borne Pathogens in Two Puppy Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:964177. [PMID: 35928114 PMCID: PMC9343697 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.964177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report the concomitant infection with canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), Hepatozoon canis and Ehrlichia canis in two puppy dogs from Southern Italy is described. Dogs were referred to a veterinary university hospital for the acute onset of lethargy and gastrointestinal signs. A complete clinical and clinicopathological evaluation was carried out and the multiple infection was confirmed by microscopic detection of inclusion bodies in peripheral blood smear, rapid immunoenzymatic tests, indirect fluorescent antibody tests, and molecular assays. Sequence analysis revealed that the CPV-2 identified belonged to the 2c variant and had amino acid residues in the predicted VP2 protein typical of “Asian-like” strains widespread in Asia and occasionally reported in Romania, Nigeria and Italy, particularly in the region of Sicily. Numerous monocytes were infected by both H. canis gamonts and E. canis morulae, suggesting that this co-infection is not accidental and that E. canis preferably infects those cells parasitized by H. canis. The clinical presentation of these animals was severe but supportive cares associated with early etiological therapy allowed a good prognosis. Movement of puppies from geographic areas where vector-borne pathogens are endemic must be carefully evaluated and core vaccinations and ectoparasite prevention treatments must be rigorously adopted.
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Genetic characterization and evolutionary analysis of canine parvovirus in Tangshan, China. Arch Virol 2022; 167:2263-2269. [PMID: 35829824 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05502-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a major enteric virus of carnivores worldwide that poses a considerable threat to dogs. In this study, we investigated the genetic variation of CPV in Tangshan, China, and the relationships between CPV disease and the vaccination status, age, and gender of dogs. Seventy-seven fecal samples from dogs in Tangshan that tested positive for CPV were obtained for analysis. Twenty-two full-length VP2 gene sequences were successfully amplified. The 22 strains included 17 CPV-2c variants, four new CPV-2a variants, and one new CPV-2b variant. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all of the CPV-2c strains clustered together and were closely related to CPV-2c strains from Asia but distantly related to CPV-2c strains from Europe. Further amino acid sequence analysis showed that, relative to CPV-2c strains from Europe, most of the CPV-2c stains in this study had A5G, F267Y, Y324I, and Q370R mutations. These findings provide a more comprehensive understanding of the variants of CPV circulating in China.
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Chen X, Wang J, Zhou Y, Yue H, Zhou N, Tang C. Circulation of heterogeneous Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 in diarrheal cats and prevalence of an A91S feline panleukopenia virus variant in China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e2913-e2925. [PMID: 35737580 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cats are susceptible to panleukopenia virus (FPV) and canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) infection. FPV has been recognized as relatively conservative in genetic evolution compared to CPV-2, but information regarding FPV variations in cats are still limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular prevalence of FPV and CPV-2 variants among cats in China. From April 2019 to December 2021, 193 diarrheal fecal samples of cats were collected from Southwest China and 127 (65.80 %) samples tested positive to Carnivore protoparvovirus 1. FPV, CPV-2 and some their genomic variants were identified from positive samples, indicating a heterogeneous Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 circulation in the cat population in China. Among FPV strains, an A91S FPV mutant reached the detection rate of 39.37 %, which showed that this FPV genomic variant has been prevalent in the tested cats. Moreover, 7 strains of A91S FPV variants were isolated and purified successfully using F81 cells, and the genomes were sequenced. Phylogenetic trees based on the nearly complete genomic sequences, VP2 and NS1 nucleotide sequences showed that the A91S FPV variants were located in the FPV clade, but all clustered into a separate branch. Structural prediction showed that A91S mutation in VP2 protein extended the random coil of aa residues from 92-95 to 91-95. Moreover, the analysis of all complete VP2 sequences of FPV and CPV-2 available in the GenBank database revealed that the A91S FPV variant has been prevalent in China since 2017 and has reported in four other countries in cats. Thus, our study revealed that heterogeneous Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 are circulating in the cat population in China, and first reported the prevalence and genomic characteristics of the A91S FPV variant, which contributed to a better understanding of the molecular prevalence and genetic evolution of FPV in cats. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxing Zhou
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Yue
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
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Canuti M, Mira F, Sorensen RG, Rodrigues B, Bouchard É, Walzthoni N, Hopson M, Gilroy C, Whitney HG, Lang AS. Distribution and diversity of dog parvoviruses in wild, free-roaming and domestic canids of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e2694-e2705. [PMID: 35689408 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Some parvoviruses of carnivorans can infect multiple host species. Since many canine parvoviruses were only discovered recently, their host-range is still unexplored. We examined the host distribution and diversity of five dog parvoviruses in four canine populations from Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, and investigated the potential for these viruses to cross the species barriers. Canine bocavirus 2 (CBoV-2) and the minute virus of canines were detected in stool from free-roaming dogs from Labrador (5/48 [10.4%] and 3/48 [6.3%], respectively) and two different CBoV-2 variants were identified. Canine bufavirus was identified in stool from free-roaming dogs (1/48, 2.1%) and foxes (3/80, 3.8%) from Labrador, but two different variants were observed in the two host species. The variant found in foxes was highly divergent from previously identified strains. Two cachavirus 1 variants, genetically similar to those circulating in other Canadian wildlife, were found in spleens from Newfoundland coyotes (3/87, 3.5%). Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) was found in stool from free-roaming dogs from Labrador (2/48, 4.2%) and in spleens from Newfoundland coyotes (3/87, 3.5%). Comparing CPV-2 sequences from these hosts to those retrieved from local symptomatic domestic dogs revealed the presence of a highly heterogeneous viral population as detected strains belonged to five different clades. The close relationship between CPV-2a strains from a dog and a coyote suggests the occurrence of viral transfer between wild and domestic canids. The identification of highly related strains with a similar molecular signature characteristic of older CPV-2 strains in free-roaming and domestic dogs suggests a probable common ancestry and that older CPV-2 strains, which have not been identified in dogs since the 1990s, persist in this part of Canada. Follow-up studies should evaluate samples from a larger number of animals and host species to extensively investigate the possible occurrence of cross-species transmission for recently discovered parvoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Canuti
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia 'A. Mirri', Palermo, Italy
| | - Rachel G Sorensen
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Bruce Rodrigues
- Wildlife Division, Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Fisheries, Forestry, and Agriculture, Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Émilie Bouchard
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Natasha Walzthoni
- Veterinary Specialty Centre of Newfoundland and Labrador, Mount Pearl, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Marti Hopson
- Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Cornelia Gilroy
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Hugh G Whitney
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Andrew S Lang
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
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Schirò G, Gambino D, Mira F, Vitale M, Guercio A, Purpari G, Antoci F, Licitra F, Chiaramonte G, La Giglia M, Randazzo V, Vicari D. Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) of Bacteria Isolated from Dogs with Canine Parvovirus (CPV) Infection: The Need for a Rational Use of Antibiotics in Companion Animal Health. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020142. [PMID: 35203745 PMCID: PMC8868125 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) represents a major viral threat to dogs. Considering the potential effects of pets on antimicrobial resistance, information on the CPV and associated bacterial co-infections is limited. The aim of this study was to analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility and multidrug-resistance profiles of bacterial species from tissue samples of dogs with canine parvovirus infection. A set of PCR assays and sequence analyses was used for the detection and the molecular characterization of the CPV strains and other enteric viruses. Bacterial isolation, the determination of antimicrobial susceptibility via the disk diffusion method, and the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration were performed. The detection of β-lactamase genes and toxin genes for specific bacteria was also carried out. CPV infection was confirmed in 23 dogs. Forty-three bacterial strains were isolated and all showed phenotypic resistance. Seventeen multidrug-resistant bacteria and bacteria with high resistance to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins and metronidazole were detected. Almost 50% of the isolated Enterobacteriaceae were positive for at least one β-lactamase gene, with the majority carrying more genes as well. The evidence for multi-resistant bacteria with the potential for intra- or cross-species transmission should be further considered in a One Health approach.
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T598 and T601 phosphorylation sites of canine parvovirus NS1 are crucial for viral replication and pathogenicity. Vet Microbiol 2021; 264:109301. [PMID: 34915313 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) is an important pathogen causing severe diseases in dogs and other wild carnivores. Phosphorylation of NS1 may be related to CPV-2 pathogenicity, but the exact mechanism is unclear. Here, we conducted parvovirus disease surveillance in Shaanxi Province of China and 51 fecal swabs were detected to be infected with CPV-2. The 7 CPV-2 strains were identified, all of which belonged to CPV-2c. The complete genome sequence of one of the strains (CPV-2c XY) was cloned into pKQLL plasmid to construct a full-length infectious clone plasmid pX-CPV-2c, which carried a genetic marker. The plasmid pX-CPV-2c was transfected into F81 cells for virus rescue. And the rescued virus, which was designed as X-CPV-2c, showed the similar biological property to parental CPV-2c XY in vitro and in vivo. We further constructed four NS1 phosphorylation site mutant strains (X-CPV-2cT584A, X-CPV-2cS592A, X-CPV-2cT598A/T601A and X-CPV-2cT617A) on the basis of X-CPV-2c. After the analysis and comparison of biological characteristics, the low pathogenic strain X-CPV-2cT598A/T601A was further screened out, which emphasized the importance of phosphorylation sites 598 T/601 T for the pathogenicity of CPV-2. Overall, our data indicated that T598 and T601, the C-terminal phosphorylation site of CPV-2 NS1, play important roles in viral pathogenicity and laid the foundation for the development of new attenuated live vaccine vectors.
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Liu C, Gao J, Li H, Sun F, Liang H, Liu H, Yi J. Phylogenetic Characteristics of Canine Parvovirus Type 2c Variant Endemic in Shanghai, China. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112257. [PMID: 34835063 PMCID: PMC8618335 DOI: 10.3390/v13112257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) has spread and mutated globally over the past 40 years. In the present study, 206 samples from dogs suspected of CPV-2 infection were collected from five veterinary clinics in Shanghai city, China. The average positive rate for CPV-2 was detected to be 40.78% using the PCR method. Using an F81 cell (feline kidney cell) culture, the isolates of three CPV-2c strains were obtained. The near full-length genome sequences of the isolates were determined and submitted to GenBank: CPV-SH2001 (MW650830), CPV-SH2002 (MW811188), and CPV-SH2003 (MW811189). By comparing the amino acid sequences of 12 CPV strains with those of 48 related strains retrieved from GenBank, all of the CPV strains from Shanghai were typed as belonging to a relatively new CPV-2c variant spreading in Asia, with typical amino acid residues (5Gly, 267Tyr, 324Ile, and 370Arg) in the VP2 protein. The divergence time of this new CPV-2c clade was estimated by the phylogenetic tree using the maximum likelihood and RelTime with Dated Tips (RTDT) approaches. Our results indicate that the 426 and 324 VP2 amino acid residues are under strong selection pressure with a posterior probability of 0.966 and 0.943, respectively. Therefore, this study provides insight into the phylogenetic characteristics of the current CPV-2c variant in Shanghai city, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengqian Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.L.); (J.G.); (H.L.); (F.S.)
| | - Jun Gao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.L.); (J.G.); (H.L.); (F.S.)
| | - Hong Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.L.); (J.G.); (H.L.); (F.S.)
| | - Fengping Sun
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.L.); (J.G.); (H.L.); (F.S.)
| | - Hongyu Liang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
| | - Huili Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.L.); (J.G.); (H.L.); (F.S.)
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jianzhong Yi
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.L.); (J.G.); (H.L.); (F.S.)
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (J.Y.)
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Mira F. From molecular surveillance to electronic health data and back: creating virtual biobanks for infectious diseases of companion animals. Vet Rec 2021; 189:241-243. [PMID: 34558712 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia 'A Mirri', Palermo, Italy
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Tion MT, Shima FK, Ogbu KI, Omobowale TO, Amine AA, Nguetyo SA, Igoh FA, Oochi JO, Fotina HA, Saganuwan SA, Zon GA. Genetic diversity of canine parvovirus variants circulating in Nigeria. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 94:104996. [PMID: 34246800 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a fast-evolving single-stranded DNA virus that causes severe and fatal gastrointestinal disease in dogs. Lately, several mutations affecting viral protein (VP) capsid resulting in highly pathogenic variants with distinctive immunological and clinicopathological characteristics abound. This study involved screening stools of 44 randomly selected clinical cases of canine gastroenteritis from 4 cities (Ibadan, Jos, Makurdi, and Zaria) in Nigeria for CPV antigen using an on-the-spot immunoassay test kit, as well as, molecular detection of viral nucleic acid by polymerase chain reaction. Subsequently, nucleic acid sequencing of 1195-bp amplicons encompassing the VP2 encoding region was done. The resultant 40 high-quality amino acid sequences obtained were analysed for the identification and grouping of the viruses into their discrete variants - CPV-2a, CPV-2b, or CPV-2c, using key amino acids substitutions - Asn, Asp, or Glu respectively at position 426 of the VP2 gene. One-third (11/40; 27.5%) of the analysed sequences were identified as CPV-2a and two-third (29/40; 72.5%) as CPV-2c. The original CPV and CPV-2b were not detected. Also, the "new CPV-2a variant" with mutation S297A identified had two additional mutations (Y324I and T440A) associated with selective pressure and vaccination failure in their sequences. Similarly, unique CPV-2c mutants carrying genetic markers (S297A, Y324I, and Q370R) that are highly related to CPVs of Asian origin were observed. These findings revealed a high level of divergence of existing CPVs in circulation; suggesting that CPV is rapidly evolving in Nigeria lately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Terzungwe Tion
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sumy National Agrarian University, 160 Herasima Kondratieva Street, Sumy 40021, Ukraine.
| | - Felix Kundu Shima
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Kenneth Ikejiofor Ogbu
- Department of Animal Health, School of Animal Health, Production and Technology, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | | | - Andrew Aondowase Amine
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
| | | | - Favour Ann Igoh
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
| | - Josiah Oochi Oochi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
| | - Hanna Anatoliyivna Fotina
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sumy National Agrarian University, 160 Herasima Kondratieva Street, Sumy 40021, Ukraine
| | | | - Gregory Anatoliiovych Zon
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sumy National Agrarian University, 160 Herasima Kondratieva Street, Sumy 40021, Ukraine
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Smith SL, Afonso MM, Roberts L, Noble PJM, Pinchbeck GL, Radford AD. A virtual biobank for companion animals: A parvovirus pilot study. Vet Rec 2021; 189:e556. [PMID: 34101190 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of national population data concerning infectious disease in companion animals. Here, we piloted the feasibility of linking diagnostic laboratories, population surveillance and modern sequencing approaches to extract targeted diagnostic samples from laboratories before they were discarded, as a novel route to better understand national epidemiology of major small animal pathogens. METHODS Samples tested for canine or feline parvovirus were requested from a national veterinary diagnostic laboratory and analysed by Sanger or next generation sequencing. Samples were linked to electronic health data held in the SAVSNET database. RESULTS Sequences obtained from positive samples, together with associated metadata, provided new insights into the recent geographical distribution of parvovirus strains in circulation in the United Kingdom (UK). CONCLUSIONS This collaboration with industry represents a 'National Virtual Biobank' that can rapidly be called on, to efficiently add new layers of epidemiological information of relevance to animal, and potentially human, population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley L Smith
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Wirral, UK
| | - Maria M Afonso
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Wirral, UK
| | | | - Peter-John M Noble
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Wirral, UK
| | - Gina L Pinchbeck
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Wirral, UK
| | - Alan D Radford
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Wirral, UK
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Balboni A, Niculae M, Di Vito S, Urbani L, Terrusi A, Muresan C, Battilani M. The detection of canine parvovirus type 2c of Asian origin in dogs in Romania evidenced its progressive worldwide diffusion. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:206. [PMID: 34090429 PMCID: PMC8180150 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02918-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Canine parvovirus (CPV) is one of the most important pathogens of dogs. Despite vaccination, CPV infections are still ubiquitous in dogs, and the three antigenic variants 2a, 2b and 2c are variously distributed in the canine population worldwide. To date, no information is available on CPV variants circulating in some European countries. The aim of this study was to genetically characterise the CPV detected in ten dogs with clinical signs of acute gastroenteritis in Romania. The presence of Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 DNA was investigated in faecal samples using an end-point PCR targeting the complete VP2 gene and positive amplicons were sequenced and analysed. Results All ten dogs with acute gastroenteritis tested positive to Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 DNA in faecal samples. The identified viruses belonged to CPV-2c type, showed identical sequences of the VP2 gene and were characterised by distinctive amino acid residues in the deduced VP2 protein: 5-glicine (5Gly), 267-tirosine (267Tyr), 324-isoleucine (324Ile) and 370-arginine (370Arg). These distinctive amino acid residues have already been reported in CPV-2c widespread in Asia and occasionally detected in Italy and Nigeria. Conclusions Since CPV-2c with VP2 amino acid residues 5Gly, 267Tyr, 324Ile and 370Arg were never reported before 2013, it can be assumed that this virus is progressively expanding its spread in the world dog population. This study adds new data about the presence of this new virus in Europe and underline worrying questions about its potential impact on the health of the canine population. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-021-02918-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Balboni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mihaela Niculae
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Serena Di Vito
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lorenza Urbani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessia Terrusi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cosmin Muresan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mara Battilani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
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Chang AM, Chen CC. Molecular Characteristics of Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 with High Sequence Similarity between Wild and Domestic Carnivores in Taiwan. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10060671. [PMID: 34072499 PMCID: PMC8229444 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (CPPV-1) is a DNA virus causing gastrointestinal disease and immunosuppression in various terrestrial carnivores. Domestic dogs and cats are considered the primary CPPV-1 reservoirs. The habitat overlap of wild carnivores and free-roaming dogs increases the threat of CPPV-1 transmission between them. This study explored the CPPV-1 distribution among wild carnivores in Taiwan through PCR screening and compared the partial capsid protein (VP2) gene sequences from wild and domestic carnivores. In total, 181 samples were collected from 32 masked palm civets (Paguma larvata), 63 Chinese ferret badgers (Melogale moschata), and 86 crab-eating mongooses (Herpestes urva), from 2015 to 2019 were screened for CPPV-1. The average prevalence of CPPV-1 was 17.7% (32/181), with the highest prevalence in masked palm civets (37.5%). In addition, a masked palm civet was coinfected with two CPPV-1 strains. Among the 33 partial VP2 gene sequences, 23 were identical to the sequences amplified from domestic dogs and cats in Asia, and the remaining 10 were identified for the first time. This study supported the circulation of CPPV-1 strains with the same genomic features as domestic carnivores that are also in wild carnivores from the same environment in Taiwan by molecular data. Therefore, further population control and health management of free-roaming domestic carnivores are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Mei Chang
- International Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan;
- Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chih Chen
- Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Institute of Wildlife Conservation, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-87703202 (ext. 6596)
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Molecular Epidemiological Survey of Canine Parvovirus Circulating in China from 2014 to 2019. PATHOGENS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:pathogens10050588. [PMID: 34064982 PMCID: PMC8150379 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The global distribution of canine parvovirus (CPV-2) derived from a closely related carnivore parvovirus poses a considerable threat to the dog population. The virus is continuously undergoing genetic evolution, giving rise to several variants. To investigate the prevalence of Chinese CPV-2 strains in recent years, a total of 30 CPV-2 strains were collected from 2018 to 2021 and the VP2 gene was sequenced and analyzed. Two variants, new CPV-2a (297Ala, 426Asn) and CPV-2c (426Glu), were identified. In contrast to previous reports, the CPV-2c variant has gained an epidemiological advantage over the new CPV-2a variant in China. To compensate for the relatively small sample size, 683 Chinese CPV-2 strains identified between 2014 and 2019 were retrieved from the GenBank database and previous publications, and analyses of these strains further supported our findings, which should be considered since the CPV-2c variant has been frequently associated with immune failure in adult dogs. VP2 protein sequence analysis revealed several amino acid substitutions, including Ala5Gly, Pro13Ser, Phe267Tyr, Tyr324Ile, Gln370Arg, Thr440Ala, and Lys570Arg. Phylogenetic analysis of full-length VP2 gene indicated a close relationship between Chinese strains and other Asian strains, suggesting mutual transmission between Asian countries. Furthermore, intercontinental transmission is a cause for concern. Surprisingly, two feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) strains with the Ile101Thr mutation in the VP2 protein were identified in canine fecal samples; FPV has been considered incapable of infecting dogs. This study clarified the epidemic characteristics of Chinese CPV-2 strains detected between 2014 and 2019, offering a reference for epidemic control. In addition, the detection of FPV in canine samples may provide information for future studies on the evolution of carnivore parvoviruses.
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Doan HTT, Le XTK, Do RT, Nguyen KT, Le TH. Canine parvovirus type 2c in Vietnam continues to produce distinct descendants with new mutations restricted to Vietnamese variants. Arch Virol 2021; 166:1741-1749. [PMID: 33860842 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Viral protein 2 (VP2) of canine parvovirus (CPV) exhibits a high degree of genetic and antigenic diversity. We analyzed 88 Vietnamese CPV-VP2 sequences (1755 bp), 34 from this study and 54 from previous studies, and discovered a new sublineage, "new var.", within the lineage CPV-2c-"new", characterized by the mutation 5G/447M, which is restricted to the Vietnamese isolates. These new mutants appear to have emerged in recent years, accounting for 65.5% of the total. With strong nodal support (98%), the distinct Vietnamese 2c-"new-var." sublineage (5G/426E/447M) was found to be separate from the 2c-"new" sublineage (5G/426E/447I) within the 2c-(Asia)/Asia-2c lineage. Amino acid changes in epitopes of VP2 might have led to the generation of subvariants and affected the antigenicity, immunogenicity, or virulence of the virus, resulting in vaccine failure worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong Thi Thanh Doan
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd., Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam. .,Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Xuyen Thi Kim Le
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd., Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Roan Thi Do
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd., Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Khue Thi Nguyen
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd., Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Hoa Le
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd., Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam. .,Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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41
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Ndiana LA, Lanave G, Desario C, Berjaoui S, Alfano F, Puglia I, Fusco G, Colaianni ML, Vincifori G, Camarda A, Parisi A, Sgroi G, Elia G, Veneziano V, Buonavoglia C, Decaro N. Circulation of diverse protoparvoviruses in wild carnivores, Italy. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:2489-2502. [PMID: 33176056 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protoparvovirus is a monophyletic viral genus that includes the species Carnivore protoparvovirus-1 infecting domestic and wild carnivores. In this paper, the results of an epidemiological survey for Carnivore protoparvovirus-1 in wild carnivores in Italy are reported. Overall, 34 (11.4%) out of 297 tested animals were positive for Carnivore protoparvovirus-1, but the frequency of detection was much higher in intestine (54%) than in spleen samples (2.8%), thus suggesting that the intestine is the best sample to collect from wild animals for parvovirus detection. Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) was detected in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) (2.8%, 7/252) and Eurasian badgers (Meles meles) (10%, 1/10), whilst canine parvovirus (CPV) was found in wolves (54.3%, 19/35), Eurasian badgers (60%, 6/10) and one beech marten (Martes foina) (100%, 1/1), with more than one parvovirus type detected in some animals. Protoparvoviral DNA sequences from this study were found to be related to CPV/FPV strains detected in Asia and Europe, displaying some amino acid changes in the main capsid protein VP2 in comparison with other parvovirus strains from wildlife. In particular, the two most common mutations were Ile418Thr and Ala371Gly, which were observed in 6/12 (50%) and 5/12 (41.7%) of the CPV sequences from this study. Continuous surveillance for parvoviruses in wild carnivores and genetic analysis of the detected strains may help obtain new insight into the role of these animals in the evolution and epidemiology of carnivore parvoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Ndiana
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Costantina Desario
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Shadia Berjaoui
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale', Teramo, Italy
| | - Flora Alfano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Italy
| | - Ilaria Puglia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale', Teramo, Italy
| | - Giovanna Fusco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Vincifori
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale', Teramo, Italy
| | - Antonio Camarda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Parisi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sgroi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Veneziano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Canio Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
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Detection and molecular epidemiology of canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) circulating in Jilin Province, Northeast China. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 74:101602. [PMID: 33296799 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is highly contagious and can cause haemorrhagic enteritis and myocarditis in dogs. To understand the current epidemic situation of CPV in Jilin Province, China, a total of 44 fecal or intestinal tissue samples of pet dogs suspected of being infected with CPV from February 2018 to November 2019 in Changchun and Liaoyuan City, Jilin Province were collected.All of the 44 collected samples were tested positive to CPV-2 by a PCR assay. The sequencing and analyzing of complete VP2 genes showed that CPV-2c was the most prevalent variant (n = 31;70.4 %), followed by new-CPV-2a (n = 8;18.2 %), new-CPV-2b (n = 4; 9.1 %) and CPV-2 (n = 1; 2.3 %). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the 31 CPV-2c strains in our study are closely related to local CPV-2c isolates in cluster I. The VP2 protein of the acquired CPV 2c strains all possessed the substitutions Ala5Gly, Phe267Tyr, Tyr324Ile, and Gln370Arg only one with a novel Arg481Lys mutation. These findings demonstrate that CPV-2c was the most prominent type of CPV circulating in Jilin in 2018-2019, clustered in a separate group that is far from the vaccine strains and suggest that further and extensive epidemiological investigation among pet dogs are warranted to provide information for usage and research of current vaccines.
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43
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Alfano F, Fusco G, Mari V, Occhiogrosso L, Miletti G, Brunetti R, Galiero G, Desario C, Cirilli M, Decaro N. Circulation of pantropic canine coronavirus in autochthonous and imported dogs, Italy. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:1991-1999. [PMID: 32163663 PMCID: PMC7228320 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Canine coronavirus (CCoV) strains with the ability to spread to internal organs, also known as pantropic CCoVs (pCCoVs), have been detected in domestic dogs and wild carnivores. Our study focused on the detection and molecular characterization of pCCoV strains circulating in Italy during the period 2014-2017 in autochthonous dogs, in dogs imported from eastern Europe or illegally imported from an unknown country. Samples from the gut and internal organs of 352 dogs were screened for CCoV; putative pCCoV strains, belonging to subtype CCoV-IIa, were identified in the internal organs of 35 of the examined dogs. Fifteen pCCoV strains were subjected to sequence and phylogenetic analyses, showing that three strains (98960-1/2016, 98960-3/2016, 98960-4/2016) did not cluster either with Italian or European CCoVs, being more closely related to alphacoronaviruses circulating in Asia with which they displayed a 94%-96% nucleotide identity in partial spike protein gene sequences. The pCCoV-positive samples were also tested for other canine viruses, showing co-infections mainly with canine parvovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Alfano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del MezzogiornoPortici (Napoli)Italy
| | - Giovanna Fusco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del MezzogiornoPortici (Napoli)Italy
| | - Viviana Mari
- Dipartimento di Medicina VeterinariaUniversità degli Studi di BariValenzano (Bari)Italy
| | - Leonardo Occhiogrosso
- Dipartimento di Medicina VeterinariaUniversità degli Studi di BariValenzano (Bari)Italy
| | - Gianluca Miletti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del MezzogiornoPortici (Napoli)Italy
| | - Roberta Brunetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del MezzogiornoPortici (Napoli)Italy
| | - Giorgio Galiero
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del MezzogiornoPortici (Napoli)Italy
| | - Costantina Desario
- Dipartimento di Medicina VeterinariaUniversità degli Studi di BariValenzano (Bari)Italy
| | - Margie Cirilli
- Dipartimento di Medicina VeterinariaUniversità degli Studi di BariValenzano (Bari)Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Dipartimento di Medicina VeterinariaUniversità degli Studi di BariValenzano (Bari)Italy
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Lu R, Yu Y, Zhu X, Shi Q, Wang Y, Wang J, Lv S, Shi N, Liu H, Deng X, Lian S, Yan M, Zhao H, Hu B, Liu W, Yan X. Molecular characteristics of the capsid protein VP2 gene of canine parvovirus type 2 amplified from raccoon dogs in Hebei province, China. Arch Virol 2020; 165:2453-2459. [PMID: 32767108 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04714-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is currently circulating in domestic and wild animals, but our knowledge about CPV-2 infections in raccoon dogs is limited. In this study, VP2 gene sequences of CPV-2 were amplified from rectal swabs of 14 diarrhetic raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Hebei province, China, in 2016 and 2017. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP2 gene sequences revealed that most of these sequences (11 of 14) belonged to the same subclade as raccoon dog strain CPV-2/Raccoon_Dog/China/DP-1/16 isolated from Shandong province in 2016. A comparison of deduced amino acid sequences revealed presence of the substitutions S297A and S27T in 11 of those 14 sequences. I418T was observed in a minority of the sequences (4 of 14). In addition, A300D and T301I, P13S and I219V, and N419K were found in three of the sequences. This study shows that CPV-2 strains with different substitutions in their VP2 amino acid sequences were spreading among raccoon dogs in Hebei during 2016 and 2017 and suggests that further studies are needed to monitor the distribution of these strains in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongguang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Special Animals and Plants Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 4899 Juye Street, Changchun, 130112, Jilin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yongle Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Special Animals and Plants Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 4899 Juye Street, Changchun, 130112, Jilin, China
| | - Qiumei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hebei Province, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, 360 Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao, 066000, Hebei, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Special Animals and Plants Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 4899 Juye Street, Changchun, 130112, Jilin, China
| | - Jigui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Special Animals and Plants Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 4899 Juye Street, Changchun, 130112, Jilin, China
| | - Ning Shi
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Special Animals and Plants Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 4899 Juye Street, Changchun, 130112, Jilin, China
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, No. 33 Guang yun Road, Foshan, 528225, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Deng
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Special Animals and Plants Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 4899 Juye Street, Changchun, 130112, Jilin, China
| | - Shizhen Lian
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Special Animals and Plants Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 4899 Juye Street, Changchun, 130112, Jilin, China
| | - Minghao Yan
- Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Xujiaping, Lan Zhou, 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Institute of Quality Safety and Nutrition of Agricultural Products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 50 Zhongling street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Special Animals and Plants Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 4899 Juye Street, Changchun, 130112, Jilin, China
| | - Weiquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xijun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Special Animals and Plants Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 4899 Juye Street, Changchun, 130112, Jilin, China.
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Chaiyasak S, Piewbang C, Banlunara W, Techangamsuwan S. Carnivore Protoparvovirus-1 Associated With an Outbreak of Hemorrhagic Gastroenteritis in Small Indian Civets. Vet Pathol 2020; 57:706-713. [PMID: 32880233 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820932144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Carnivore protoparvovirus-1 (CPPV-1) infection has been reported frequently in both domestic and wildlife species including wild carnivores. Fifty-five captive small Indian civets (Viverricula indica), farmed for perfume production in Eastern Thailand, showed clinical signs of acute bloody diarrhea, anorexia, vomiting, circling, and seizures. The disease spread within the farm and resulted in the death of 38 of the 55 civets (69% mortality) within a month. Fecal swabs were collected from the 17 surviving civets, and necropsy was performed on 7 of the dead civets. Pathologic findings were severe hemorrhagic gastroenteritis with generalized lymphadenopathy. CPPV-1 was identified in both fecal swabs and postmortem samples by species-specific polymerase chain reaction. Further whole-gene sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis suggested feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) as the causative agent. The viral tropism and tissue distribution were confirmed by immunohistochemistry, with immunolabeling in the cytoplasm and nucleus of small intestinal crypt epithelial cells, villous enterocytes, histiocytes in lymphoid tissues, myenteric nerve plexuses, and cerebral and cerebellar neurons. Phylogenetic analysis of civet-derived CPPV-1 indicated a genetic similarity close to the FPV HH-1/86 strain detected in a jaguar (Panthera onca) in China. To our knowledge, this mass die-off of civets is the first evidence of disease associated with CPPV-1 infection in the subfamily Viverrinae. These findings support the multi-host range of parvovirus infection and raises awareness for CPPV-1 disease outbreaks in wildlife species.
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Castillo C, Neira V, Aniñir P, Grecco S, Pérez R, Panzera Y, Zegpi NA, Sandoval A, Sandoval D, Cofre S, Ortega R. First Molecular Identification of Canine Parvovirus Type 2 (CPV2) in Chile Reveals High Occurrence of CPV2c Antigenic Variant. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:194. [PMID: 32432131 PMCID: PMC7216333 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV2) is one of the most important intestinal pathogens in dogs and puppies. CPV2 has been evolved into three genetic and antigenic variants (2a, 2b, and 2c), which are distributed worldwide. We reported the first study of genetic diversity of CPV2 in Chile. Sixty-five samples were collected from puppies presenting with severe gastroenteritis and different vaccination statuses. PCR, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and partial sequencing of the coding region of the structural viral protein VP2 was performed. Thirty of a total of 65 samples tested positive by PCR out of which 19 were further classified as CPV2c and one as CPV2a using RFLP and Sanger sequencing. The phylogeny was in concordance with the RFLP analysis. This is the first report of the genetic characterization of CPV2 in Chile and reveals a high occurrence of CPV2c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristobal Castillo
- Departamento de Patología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Victor Neira
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Aniñir
- Departamento de Patología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Sofia Grecco
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ruben Pérez
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Yanina Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nhur-Aischa Zegpi
- Departamento de Patología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Alberto Sandoval
- Departamento de Patología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Daniel Sandoval
- Departamento de Patología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Sergio Cofre
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Rene Ortega
- Departamento de Patología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
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Giraldo-Ramirez S, Rendon-Marin S, Ruiz-Saenz J. Phylogenetic, Evolutionary and Structural Analysis of Canine Parvovirus (CPV-2) Antigenic Variants Circulating in Colombia. Viruses 2020; 12:v12050500. [PMID: 32366040 PMCID: PMC7290427 DOI: 10.3390/v12050500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV-2) is the causative agent of haemorrhagic gastroenteritis in canids. Three antigenic variants—CPV-2a, CPV-2b and CPV-2c—have been described, which are determined by variations at residue 426 of the VP2 capsid protein. In Colombia, the CPV-2a and CPV-2b antigenic variants have previously been reported through partial VP2 sequencing. Mutations at residues Asn428Asp and Ala514Ser of variant CPV-2a were detected, implying the appearance of a possible new CPV-2a variant in Colombia. The purpose of the present study was to characterise the full VP2 capsid protein in samples from Antioquia, Colombia. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 56 stool samples from dogs showing clinical symptoms of parvoviral disease. Following DNA extraction from the samples, VP2 amplification was performed using PCR and positive samples were sequenced. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses were performed by comparison with the VP2 gene sequences of the different CPV-2 worldwide. VP2 was amplified in 51.8% of the analysed samples. Sequencing and sequence alignment showed that 93.1% of the amplified samples belonged to the new CPV-2a antigenic variant previously. Analysing the amino acid sequences revealed that all CPV-2a contain Ala297Asn mutations, which are related to the South America I clade, and the Ala514Ser mutation, which allows characterization as a new CPV-2a sub-variant. The Colombian CPV-2b variant presented Phe267Tyr, Tyr324Ile and Thr440Ala, which are related to the Asia-I clade variants. The CPV-2c was not detected in the samples. In conclusion, two antigenic CPV-2 variants of two geographically distant origins are circulating in Colombia. It is crucial to continue characterising CPV-2 to elucidate the molecular dynamics of the virus and to detect new CPV-2 variants that could be becoming highly prevalent in the region.
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Moon BY, Jang J, Kim SH, Kim YH, Lee HK, So B, Park CK, Lee KK. Genetic characterization of canine parvovirus type 2c from domestic dogs in Korea. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:1645-1653. [PMID: 32009300 PMCID: PMC7228216 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV‐2) is an aetiological agent that causes acute haemorrhagic enteritis and fatal myocarditis in dogs. Since CPV‐2 first emerged in the late 1970s, its rapid evolution has resulted in three antigenic variants: CPV‐2a, CPV‐2b and CPV‐2c. Here, we report, for the first time in Korea, two cases of CPV‐2c infection in two dogs with severe diarrhoea. The complete open reading frame (4,269nt) of CPV‐2, encoding both non‐structural (NS) and structural (VP) proteins, was sequenced. Based on the amino acid Gln present at residue 426 of the VP2 gene, these strains were typed as CPV‐2c, and were named Korea CPV‐2c_1 and Korea CPV‐2c_2. These strains shared 99.48% reciprocal nucleotide sequence identity and had the highest nucleotide identity (99.77%–99.34%) with Asian CPV strains isolated in China, Italy (found in a dog imported from Thailand), and Vietnam from 2013 to 2017. Phylogenetic analysis based on the non‐structural (NS1) and capsid (VP2) genes revealed that Korean CPV‐2c strains clustered closely to Asian CPV strains, and separately from strains isolated in Europe, South America and North America. Amino acid changes never reported before were observed in NS1 (Thr70Pro, Cys287Tyr), VP1 (Lys17Arg, Phe33Leu) and VP2 (Gln365His, Ala516Val). Additional observed mutations, including Phe267Tyr, Tyr324Ile and Gln370Arg, have been previously reported in the recent CPV‐2c strains with Asian origins. These results suggest that the Korean CPV‐2c strains were potentially introduced via neighbouring Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Youn Moon
- Animal Disease Diagnosis Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiung Jang
- Animal Disease Diagnosis Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hee Kim
- Animal Disease Diagnosis Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Hee Kim
- Animal Disease Diagnosis Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - ByungJae So
- Animal Disease Diagnosis Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Choi-Kyu Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ki Lee
- Animal Disease Diagnosis Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
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Limited Intrahost Diversity and Background Evolution Accompany 40 Years of Canine Parvovirus Host Adaptation and Spread. J Virol 2019; 94:JVI.01162-19. [PMID: 31619551 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01162-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a highly successful pathogen that has sustained pandemic circulation in dogs for more than 40 years. Here, integrating full-genome and deep-sequencing analyses, structural information, and in vitro experimentation, we describe the macro- and microscale features that accompany CPV's evolutionary success. Despite 40 years of viral evolution, all CPV variants are more than ∼99% identical in nucleotide sequence, with only a limited number (<40) of substitutions becoming fixed or widespread during this time. Notably, most substitutions in the major capsid protein (VP2) gene are nonsynonymous, altering amino acid residues that fall within, or adjacent to, the overlapping receptor footprint or antigenic regions, suggesting that natural selection has channeled much of CPV evolution. Among the limited number of variable sites, CPV genomes exhibit complex patterns of variation that include parallel evolution, reversion, and recombination, compromising phylogenetic inference. At the intrahost level, deep sequencing of viral DNA in original clinical samples from dogs and other host species sampled between 1978 and 2018 revealed few subconsensus single nucleotide variants (SNVs) above ∼0.5%, and experimental passages demonstrate that substantial preexisting genetic variation is not necessarily required for rapid host receptor-driven adaptation. Together, these findings suggest that although CPV is capable of rapid host adaptation, a relatively low mutation rate, pleiotropy, and/or a lack of selective challenges since its initial emergence have inhibited the long-term accumulation of genetic diversity. Hence, continuously high levels of inter- and intrahost diversity are not necessarily required for virus host adaptation.IMPORTANCE Rapid mutation rates and correspondingly high levels of intra- and interhost diversity are often cited as key features of viruses with the capacity for emergence and sustained transmission in a new host species. However, most of this information comes from studies of RNA viruses, with relatively little known about evolutionary processes in viruses with single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) genomes. Here, we provide a unique model of virus evolution, integrating both long-term global-scale and short-term intrahost evolutionary processes of an ssDNA virus that emerged to cause a pandemic in a new host animal. Our analysis reveals that successful host jumping and sustained transmission does not necessarily depend on a high level of intrahost diversity nor result in the continued accumulation of high levels of long-term evolution change. These findings indicate that all aspects of the biology and ecology of a virus are relevant when considering their adaptability.
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Gogone ICVP, de Barros FRO, Possatti F, Alfieri AA, Takiuchi E. Detection of canine parvovirus types 2b and 2c in canine faecal samples contaminating urban thoroughfares in Brazil. Can J Microbiol 2019; 66:138-143. [PMID: 31714839 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2019-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is a highly contagious virus that causes acute gastroenteritis in dogs all over the world. Because of its stability in the environment, CPV-2 can remain infective for a long time, especially if protected in organic matter. To demonstrate CPV-2's potential as an environmental hazard for nonimmunized susceptible hosts, we investigated 50 faecal samples collected from public areas in a municipality of Paraná state, Brazil. Seven samples tested positive for CPV by a PCR assay targeting the partial VP2 gene, with three strains being confirmed as CPV-2b variant and one as CPV-2c variant by sequence analysis. These findings were supported by phylogenetic analysis, and the species identity of faecal samples source was confirmed by canine mitochondrial DNA amplification and sequencing. Our results demonstrate the presence of CPV in canine faeces contaminating urban thoroughfares and reinforce the importance of environmental control to reduce the potential exposure risks to susceptible hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Flavia Possatti
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, State University of Londrina, P.O. Box 6001, 86051-990, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, State University of Londrina, P.O. Box 6001, 86051-990, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Elisabete Takiuchi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, 85950-000, Palotina, PR, Brazil
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