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Xue B, Duan W, Gong L, Zhu D, Li X, Li X, Liang YK. The OsDIR55 gene increases salt tolerance by altering the root diffusion barrier. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1550-1568. [PMID: 38412303 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The increased soil salinity is becoming a major challenge to produce more crops and feed the growing population of the world. In this study, we demonstrated that overexpression of OsDIR55 gene enhances rice salt tolerance by altering the root diffusion barrier. OsDIR55 is broadly expressed in all examined tissues and organs with the maximum expression levels at lignified regions in rice roots. Salt stress upregulates the expression of OsDIR55 gene in an abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent manner. Loss-function and overexpression of OsDIR55 compromised and improved the development of CS and root diffusion barrier, manifested with the decreased and increased width of CS, respectively, and ultimately affected the permeability of the apoplastic diffusion barrier in roots. OsDIR55 deficiency resulted in Na+ accumulation, ionic imbalance, and growth arrest, whereas overexpression of OsDIR55 enhances salinity tolerance and provides an overall benefit to plant growth and yield potential. Collectively, we propose that OsDIR55 is crucial for ions balance control and salt stress tolerance through regulating lignification-mediated root barrier modifications in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoping Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wen Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Luping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dongmei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xueying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yun-Kuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
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2
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Shiono K, Matsuura H. Exogenous abscisic acid induces the formation of a suberized barrier to radial oxygen loss in adventitious roots of barley (Hordeum vulgare). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 133:931-940. [PMID: 38448365 PMCID: PMC11089260 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Internal root aeration is essential for root growth in waterlogged conditions. Aerenchyma provides a path for oxygen to diffuse to the roots. In most wetland species, including rice, a barrier to radial oxygen loss (ROL) allows more of the oxygen to diffuse to the root tip, enabling root growth into anoxic soil. Most dryland crops, including barley, do not form a root ROL barrier. We previously found that abscisic acid (ABA) signalling is involved in the induction of ROL barrier formation in rice during waterlogging. Although rice typically does not form a tight ROL barrier in roots in aerated conditions, an ROL barrier with suberized exodermis was induced by application of exogenous ABA. Therefore, we hypothesized that ABA application could also trigger root ROL barrier formation with hypodermal suberization in barley. METHODS Formation of an ROL barrier was examined in roots in different exogenous ABA concentrations and at different time points using cylindrical electrodes and Methylene Blue staining. Additionally, we evaluated root porosity and observed suberin and lignin modification. Suberin, lignin and Casparian strips in the cell walls were observed by histochemical staining. We also evaluated the permeability of the apoplast to a tracer. KEY RESULTS Application of ABA induced suberization and ROL barrier formation in the adventitious roots of barley. The hypodermis also formed lignin-containing Casparian strips and a barrier to the infiltration of an apoplastic tracer (periodic acid). However, ABA application did not affect root porosity. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that in artificial conditions, barley can induce the formation of ROL and apoplastic barriers in the outer part of roots if ABA is applied exogenously. The difference in ROL barrier inducibility between barley (an upland species) and rice (a wetland species) might be attributable to differences in ABA signalling in roots in response to waterlogging conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Shiono
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Matsuoka-Kenjojima, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1195, Japan
| | - Haruka Matsuura
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Matsuoka-Kenjojima, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1195, Japan
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Yan Y, Niu T, Zhang M, Fan C, Liang W, Shu Y, Guo C, Guo D, Bi Y. GmABCG5, an ATP-binding cassette G transporter gene, is involved in the iron deficiency response in soybean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1289801. [PMID: 38250443 PMCID: PMC10796643 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1289801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Iron deficiency is a major nutritional problem causing iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) and yield reduction in soybean, one of the most important crops. The ATP-binding cassette G subfamily plays a crucial role in substance transportation in plants. In this study, we cloned the GmABCG5 gene from soybean and verified its role in Fe homeostasis. Analysis showed that GmABCG5 belongs to the ABCG subfamily and is subcellularly localized at the cell membrane. From high to low, GmABCG5 expression was found in the stem, root, and leaf of young soybean seedlings, and the order of expression was flower, pod, seed stem, root, and leaf in mature soybean plants. The GUS assay and qRT-PCR results showed that the GmABCG5 expression was significantly induced by iron deficiency in the leaf. We obtained the GmABCG5 overexpressed and inhibitory expressed soybean hairy root complexes. Overexpression of GmABCG5 promoted, and inhibition of GmABCG5 retarded the growth of soybean hairy roots, independent of nutrient iron conditions, confirming the growth-promotion function of GmABCG5. Iron deficiency has a negative effect on the growth of soybean complexes, which was more obvious in the GmABCG5 inhibition complexes. The chlorophyll content was increased in the GmABCG5 overexpression complexes and decreased in the GmABCG5 inhibition complexes. Iron deficiency treatment widened the gap in the chlorophyll contents. FCR activity was induced by iron deficiency and showed an extraordinary increase in the GmABCG5 overexpression complexes, accompanied by the greatest Fe accumulation. Antioxidant capacity was enhanced when GmABCG5 was overexpressed and reduced when GmABCG5 was inhibited under iron deficiency. These results showed that the response mechanism to iron deficiency is more actively mobilized in GmABCG5 overexpression seedlings. Our results indicated that GmABCG5 could improve the plant's tolerance to iron deficiency, suggesting that GmABCG5 might have the function of Fe mobilization, redistribution, and/or secretion of Fe substances in plants. The findings provide new insights into the ABCG subfamily genes in the regulation of iron homeostasis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Genetics and Genetic Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuemeng Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Genetics and Genetic Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuhan Yan
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Genetics and Genetic Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Tingting Niu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Genetics and Genetic Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Genetics and Genetic Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Fan
- Institute of Crops Tillage and Cultivation, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wenwei Liang
- Institute of Crops Tillage and Cultivation, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yongjun Shu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Genetics and Genetic Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Changhong Guo
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Genetics and Genetic Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Donglin Guo
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Genetics and Genetic Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Yingdong Bi
- Institute of Crops Tillage and Cultivation, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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Phukan UJ, Jindal S, Laldinsangi C, Singh PK, Longchar B. A microscopic scenario on recovery mechanisms under waterlogging and submergence stress in rice. PLANTA 2023; 259:9. [PMID: 38030751 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04285-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Adaptive traits in rice responding to flooding, a compound stress, are associated with morpho-anatomical and physiological changes which are regulated at the genetic level. Therefore, understanding submergence stress tolerance in rice will help development of adapted cultivars that can help mitigate agricultural losses. Rice is an important dietary component of daily human consumption and is cultivated as a staple crop worldwide. Flooding is a compound stress which imposes significant financial losses to farmers. Flood-affected rainfed rice ecosystems led to the development of various adaptive traits in different cultivars for their optimal growth and survival. Some cultivars can tolerate hypoxia by temporarily arresting elongation and conserving their energy sources, which they utilize to regrow after the stress conditions subside. However, few other cultivars rapidly elongate to escape hypoxia using carbohydrate resources. These contrasting characters are regulated at the genetic level through different quantitative trait loci that contain ERF transcription factors (TFs), Submergence and Snorkels. TFs can simultaneously activate the transcription of various genes involved in stress and development responses. These TFs are of prime importance because the introgressed and near-isogenic lines showed promising results with increased submergence tolerance without affecting yield or quality. However, the entire landscape of submergence tolerance is not entirely depicted, and further exploration in the field is necessary to understand the mechanism in rice completely. Therefore, this review will highlight the significant adaptive traits observed in flooded rice varieties and how they are regulated mechanistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjal J Phukan
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0036, USA
| | - Sunita Jindal
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - C Laldinsangi
- Department of Life Sciences, Pachhunga University College, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796001, Mizoram, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Pachhunga University College, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796001, Mizoram, India
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, 68 HaMacabim Road, 7505101, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Bendangchuchang Longchar
- Department of Life Sciences, Pachhunga University College, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796001, Mizoram, India.
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Chang LF, Fei J, Wang YS, Ma XY, Zhao Y, Cheng H. Comparative Analysis of Cd Uptake and Tolerance in Two Mangrove Species ( Avicennia marina and Rhizophora stylosa) with Distinct Apoplast Barriers. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3786. [PMID: 38005683 PMCID: PMC10674663 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove plants demonstrate an impressive ability to tolerate environmental pollutants, but excessive levels of cadmium (Cd) can impede their growth. Few studies have focused on the effects of apoplast barriers on heavy metal tolerance in mangrove plants. To investigate the uptake and tolerance of Cd in mangrove plants, two distinct mangrove species, Avicennia marina and Rhizophora stylosa, are characterized by unique apoplast barriers. The results showed that both mangrove plants exhibited the highest concentration of Cd2+ in roots, followed by stems and leaves. The Cd2+ concentrations in all organs of R. stylosa consistently exhibited lower levels than those of A. marina. In addition, R. stylosa displayed a reduced concentration of apparent PTS and a smaller percentage of bypass flow when compared to A. marina. The root anatomical characteristics indicated that Cd treatment significantly enhanced endodermal suberization in both A. marina and R. stylosa roots, and R. stylosa exhibited a higher degree of suberization. The transcriptomic analysis of R. stylosa and A. marina roots under Cd stress revealed 23 candidate genes involved in suberin biosynthesis and 8 candidate genes associated with suberin regulation. This study has confirmed that suberized apoplastic barriers play a crucial role in preventing Cd from entering mangrove roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fang Chang
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (L.-F.C.); (J.F.); (Y.-S.W.); (X.-Y.M.)
- College of Life Science and Agroforestry, Qiqihaer University, Qiqihaer 161006, China
| | - Jiao Fei
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (L.-F.C.); (J.F.); (Y.-S.W.); (X.-Y.M.)
| | - You-Shao Wang
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (L.-F.C.); (J.F.); (Y.-S.W.); (X.-Y.M.)
| | - Xiao-Yu Ma
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (L.-F.C.); (J.F.); (Y.-S.W.); (X.-Y.M.)
- College of Life Science and Agroforestry, Qiqihaer University, Qiqihaer 161006, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (L.-F.C.); (J.F.); (Y.-S.W.); (X.-Y.M.)
- College of Life Science and Agroforestry, Qiqihaer University, Qiqihaer 161006, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (L.-F.C.); (J.F.); (Y.-S.W.); (X.-Y.M.)
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6
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Grünhofer P, Heimerich I, Herzig L, Pohl S, Schreiber L. Apoplastic barriers of Populus × canescens roots in reaction to different cultivation conditions and abiotic stress treatments. STRESS BIOLOGY 2023; 3:24. [PMID: 37676401 PMCID: PMC10441858 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Populus is an important tree genus frequently cultivated for economical purposes. However, the high sensitivity of poplars towards water deficit, drought, and salt accumulation significantly affects plant productivity and limits biomass yield. Various cultivation and abiotic stress conditions have been described to significantly induce the formation of apoplastic barriers (Casparian bands and suberin lamellae) in roots of different monocotyledonous crop species. Thus, this study aimed to investigate to which degree the roots of the dicotyledonous gray poplar (Populus × canescens) react to a set of selected cultivation conditions (hydroponics, aeroponics, or soil) and abiotic stress treatments (abscisic acid, oxygen deficiency) because a differing stress response could potentially help in explaining the observed higher stress susceptibility. The apoplastic barriers of poplar roots cultivated in different environments were analyzed by means of histochemistry and gas chromatography and compared to the available literature on monocotyledonous crop species. Overall, dicotyledonous poplar roots showed only a remarkably low induction or enhancement of apoplastic barriers in response to the different cultivation conditions and abiotic stress treatments. The genetic optimization (e.g., overexpression of biosynthesis key genes) of the apoplastic barrier development in poplar roots might result in more stress-tolerant cultivars in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Grünhofer
- Department of Ecophysiology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Ines Heimerich
- Department of Ecophysiology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lena Herzig
- Department of Ecophysiology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Svenja Pohl
- Department of Ecophysiology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lukas Schreiber
- Department of Ecophysiology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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Konishi N, Mitani-Ueno N, Yamaji N, Ma JF. Polar localization of a rice silicon transporter requires isoleucine at both C- and N-termini as well as positively charged residues. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:2232-2250. [PMID: 36891818 PMCID: PMC10226592 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is important for stable and high yields in rice (Oryza sativa), a typical Si hyperaccumulator. The high Si accumulation is achieved by the cooperation of 2 Si transporters, LOW SILICON 1 (OsLsi1) and OsLsi2, which are polarly localized in cells of the root exodermis and endodermis. However, the mechanism underlying their polar localization is unknown. Here, we identified amino acid residues critical for the polar localization of OsLsi1. Deletion of both N- and C-terminal regions resulted in the loss of its polar localization. Furthermore, the deletion of the C-terminus inhibited its trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane. Detailed site-directed mutagenesis analysis showed that Ile18 at the N-terminal region and Ile285 at the C-terminal region were essential for the polar localization of OsLsi1. Moreover, a cluster of positively charged residues at the C-terminal region is also required for polar localization. Phosphorylation and Lys modifications of OsLsi1 are unlikely to be involved in its polar localization. Finally, we showed that the polar localization of OsLsi1 is required for the efficient uptake of Si. Our study not only identified critical residues required for the polar localization of OsLsi1, but also provided experimental evidence for the importance of transporter polarity for efficient nutrient uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Konishi
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Namiki Mitani-Ueno
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamaji
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
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Flooding tolerance in Rice: adaptive mechanism and marker-assisted selection breeding approaches. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:2795-2812. [PMID: 36592290 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07853-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Natural and man-made ecosystems worldwide are subjected to flooding, which is a form of environmental stress. Genetic variability in the plant response to flooding involves variations in metabolism, architecture, and elongation development that are related with a low oxygen escape strategy and an opposing quiescence scheme that enables prolonged submergence endurance. Flooding is typically associated with a decrease in O2 in the cells, which is especially severe when photosynthesis is absent or limited, leading to significant annual yield losses globally. Over the past two decades, considerable advancements have been made in understanding of mechanisms of rice adaptation and tolerance to flooding/submergence. The mapping and identification of Sub1 QTL have led to the development of marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding approach to improve flooding-tolerant rice varieties in submergence-prone ecosystems. The Sub1 incorporated in rice varieties showed tolerance during flash flood, but not during stagnant conditions. Hence, gene pyramiding techniques can be applied to combine/stack multiple resistant genes for developing flood-resilient rice varieties for different types of flooding stresses. This review contains an update on the latest advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms, metabolic adaptions, and genetic factors governing rice flooding tolerance. A better understanding of molecular genetics and adaptation mechanisms that enhance flood-tolerant varieties under different flooding regimes was also discussed.
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Yang X, Xie H, Weng Q, Liang K, Zheng X, Guo Y, Sun X. Rice OsCASP1 orchestrates Casparian strip formation and suberin deposition in small lateral roots to maintain nutrient homeostasis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1007300. [PMID: 36600916 PMCID: PMC9807177 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1007300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis Casparian strip membrane domain proteins (CASPs) form a transmembrane scaffold to recruit lignin biosynthetic enzymes for Casparian strip (CS) formation. Rice is a semi-aquatic plant with a more complex root structure than Arabidopsis to adapt its growing conditions, where the different deposition of lignin and suberin is crucial for adaptive responses. Here, we observed the structure of rice primary and small lateral roots (SLRs), particularly the deposition patterns of lignin and suberin in wild type and Oscasp1 mutants. We found that the appearance time and structure of CS in the roots of rice are different from those of Arabidopsis and observed suberin deposition in the sclerenchyma in wild type roots. Rice CASP1 is highly similar to AtCASPs, but its expression is concentrated in SLR tips and can be induced by salt stress especially in the steles. The loss of OsCASP1 function alters the expression of the genes involved in suberin biosynthesis and the deposition of suberin in the endodermis and sclerenchyma and leads to delayed CS formation and uneven lignin deposition in SLRs. These different depositions may alter nutrient uptake, resulting in ion imbalance in plant, withered leaves, fewer tillers, and reduced tolerance to salt stress. Our findings suggest that OsCASP1 could play an important role in nutrient homeostasis and adaptation to the growth environment.
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10
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Chen A, Liu T, Wang Z, Chen X. Plant root suberin: A layer of defence against biotic and abiotic stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1056008. [PMID: 36507443 PMCID: PMC9732430 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1056008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant roots have important functions, such as acquiring nutrients and water from the surrounding soil and transporting them upwards to the shoots. Simultaneously, they must be able to exclude potentially harmful substances and prevent the entry of pathogens into the roots. The endodermis surrounds the vascular tissues and forms hydrophobic diffusion barriers including Casparian strips and suberin lamella. Suberin in cell walls can be induced by a range of environmental factors and contribute to against biotic and abiotic threats. Tremendous progress has been made in biosynthesis of suberin and its function, little is known about the effect of its plasticity and distribution on stress tolerance. In field conditions, biotic and abiotic stress can exist at the same time, and little is known about the change of suberization under that condition. This paper update the progress of research related to suberin biosynthesis and its function, and also discuss the change of suberization in plant roots and its role on biotic and abiotic stresses tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anle Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, and College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, and College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinping Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, and College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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11
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Lu HP, Gao Q, Han JP, Guo XH, Wang Q, Altosaar I, Barberon M, Liu JX, Gatehouse AMR, Shu QY. An ABA-serotonin module regulates root suberization and salinity tolerance. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:958-973. [PMID: 35872572 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Suberin in roots acts as a physical barrier preventing water/mineral losses. In Arabidopsis, root suberization is regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene in response to nutrient stresses. ABA also mediates coordination between microbiota and root endodermis in mineral nutrient homeostasis. However, it is not known whether this regulatory system is common to plants in general, and whether there are other key molecule(s) involved. We show that serotonin acts downstream of ABA in regulating suberization in rice and Arabidopsis and negatively regulates suberization in rice roots in response to salinity. We show that ABA represses transcription of the key gene (OsT5H) in serotonin biosynthesis, thus promoting root suberization in rice. Conversely, overexpression of OsT5H or supplementation with exogenous serotonin represses suberization and reduces tolerance to salt stress. These results identify an ABA-serotonin regulatory module controlling root suberization in rice and Arabidopsis, which is likely to represent a general mechanism as ABA and serotonin are ubiquitous in plants. These findings are of significant importance to breeding novel crop varieties that are resilient to abiotic stresses and developing strategies for production of suberin-rich roots to sequestrate more CO2 , helping to mitigate the effects of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, The Advanced Seed Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jian-Pu Han
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Xiao-Hao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, The Advanced Seed Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Wuxi Hupper Bioseed Technology Institute Ltd, Wuxi, 214000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Illimar Altosaar
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- Proteins Easy Corp., Kemptville, ON, K0G 1J0, Canada
| | - Marie Barberon
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jian-Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Angharad M R Gatehouse
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Qing-Yao Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, The Advanced Seed Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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12
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Feng T, Wu P, Gao H, Kosma DK, Jenks MA, Lü S. Natural variation in root suberization is associated with local environment in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:385-398. [PMID: 35751382 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Genetic signature of climate adaptation has been widely recognized across the genome of many organisms; however, the eco-physiological basis for linking genomic polymorphisms with local adaptations remains largely unexplored. Using a panel of 218 world-wide Arabidopsis accessions, we characterized the natural variation in root suberization by quantifying 16 suberin monomers. We explored the associations between suberization traits and 126 climate variables. We conducted genome-wide association analysis and integrated previous genotype-environment association (GEA) to identify the genetic bases underlying suberization variation and their involvements in climate adaptation. Root suberin content displays extensive variation across Arabidopsis populations and significantly correlates with local moisture gradients and soil characteristics. Specifically, enhanced suberization is associated with drier environments, higher soil cation-exchange capacity, and lower soil pH; higher proportional levels of very-long-chain suberin is negatively correlated with moisture availability, lower soil gravel content, and higher soil silt fraction. We identified 94 putative causal loci and experimentally proved that GPAT6 is involved in C16 suberin biosynthesis. Highly significant associations between the putative genes and environmental variables were observed. Roots appear highly responsive to environmental heterogeneity via regulation of suberization, especially the suberin composition. The patterns of suberization-environment correlation and the suberin-related GEA fit the expectations of local adaptation for the polygenic suberization trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Pan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Huani Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Dylan K Kosma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Matthew A Jenks
- School of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Shiyou Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
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13
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Grünhofer P, Stöcker T, Guo Y, Li R, Lin J, Ranathunge K, Schoof H, Schreiber L. Populus × canescens root suberization in reaction to osmotic and salt stress is limited to the developing younger root tip region. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13765. [PMID: 36281836 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Populus is a valuable and fast-growing tree species commonly cultivated for economic and scientific purposes. But most of the poplar species are sensitive to drought and salt stress. Thus, we compared the physiological effects of osmotic stress (PEG8000) and salt treatment (NaCl) on poplar roots to identify potential strategies for future breeding or genetic engineering approaches. We investigated root anatomy using epifluorescence microscopy, changes in root suberin composition and amount using gas chromatography, transcriptional reprogramming using RNA sequencing, and modifications of root transport physiology using a pressure chamber. Poplar roots reacted to the imposed stress conditions, especially in the developing younger root tip region, with remarkable differences between both types of stress. Overall, the increase in suberin content was surprisingly small, but the expression of key suberin biosynthesis genes was strongly induced. Significant reductions of the radial water transport in roots were only observed for the osmotic and not the hydrostatic hydraulic conductivity. Our data indicate that the genetic enhancement of root suberization processes in poplar might be a promising target to convey increased tolerance, especially against toxic sodium chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Grünhofer
- Department of Ecophysiology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tyll Stöcker
- Department of Crop Bioinformatics, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yayu Guo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruili Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Kosala Ranathunge
- UWA School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Heiko Schoof
- Department of Crop Bioinformatics, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lukas Schreiber
- Department of Ecophysiology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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14
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ATP-Binding Cassette G Transporters and Their Multiple Roles Especially for Male Fertility in Arabidopsis, Rice and Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169304. [PMID: 36012571 PMCID: PMC9409143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette subfamily G (ABCG) transporters are extensive in plants and play essential roles in various processes influencing plant fitness, but the research progress varies greatly among Arabidopsis, rice and maize. In this review, we present a consolidated nomenclature and characterization of the whole 51 ABCG transporters in maize, perform a phylogenetic analysis and classification of the ABCG subfamily members in maize, and summarize the latest research advances in ABCG transporters for these three plant species. ABCG transporters are involved in diverse processes in Arabidopsis and rice, such as anther and pollen development, vegetative and female organ development, abiotic and biotic stress response, and phytohormone transport, which provide useful clues for the functional investigation of ABCG transporters in maize. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future perspectives for the identification and mechanism analysis of substrates for plant ABCG transporters. This review provides a basic framework for functional research and the potential application of ABCG transporters in multiple plants, including maize.
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15
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The Pyramiding of Three Key Root Traits Aid Breeding of Flood-Tolerant Rice. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11152033. [PMID: 35956512 PMCID: PMC9370703 DOI: 10.3390/plants11152033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Flooding is constantly threatening the growth and yield of crops worldwide. When flooding kicks in, the soil becomes water-saturated and, therefore, the roots are the first organs to be exposed to excess water. Soon after flooding, the soil turns anoxic and the roots can no longer obtain molecular oxygen for respiration from the rhizosphere, rendering the roots dysfunctional. Rice, however, is a semi-aquatic plant and therefore relatively tolerant to flooding due to adaptive traits developed during evolution. In the present review, we have identified three key root traits, viz. cortical aerenchyma formation, a barrier to radial oxygen loss and adventitious root growth. The understanding of the physiological function, the molecular mechanisms, and the genetic regulation of these three traits has grown substantially and therefore forms the backbone of this review. Our synthesis of the recent literature shows each of the three key root traits contributes to flood tolerance in rice. One trait, however, is generally insufficient to enhance plant tolerance to flooding. Consequently, we suggest comprehensive use of all three adaptive traits in a pyramiding approach in order to improve tolerance to flooding in our major crops, in general, and in rice, in particular.
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16
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Serra O, Geldner N. The making of suberin. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:848-866. [PMID: 35510799 PMCID: PMC9994434 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Outer protective barriers of animals use a variety of bio-polymers, based on either proteins (e.g. collagens), or modified sugars (e.g. chitin). Plants, however, have come up with a particular solution, based on the polymerisation of lipid-like precursors, giving rise to cutin and suberin. Suberin is a structural lipophilic polyester of fatty acids, glycerol and some aromatics found in cell walls of phellem, endodermis, exodermis, wound tissues, abscission zones, bundle sheath and other tissues. It deposits as a hydrophobic layer between the (ligno)cellulosic primary cell wall and plasma membrane. Suberin is highly protective against biotic and abiotic stresses, shows great developmental plasticity and its chemically recalcitrant nature might assist the sequestration of atmospheric carbon by plants. The aim of this review is to integrate the rapidly accelerating genetic and cell biological discoveries of recent years with the important chemical and structural contributions obtained from very diverse organisms and tissue layers. We critically discuss the order and localisation of the enzymatic machinery synthesising the presumed substrates for export and apoplastic polymerisation. We attempt to explain observed suberin linkages by diverse enzyme activities and discuss the spatiotemporal relationship of suberin with lignin and ferulates, necessary to produce a functional suberised cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Serra
- Laboratori del SuroDepartment of BiologyUniversity of GironaCampus MontiliviGirona17003Spain
| | - Niko Geldner
- Department of Plant Molecular BiologyUniversity of LausanneUNIL‐Sorge, Biophore BuildingLausanne1015Switzerland
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17
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Yamauchi T, Nakazono M. Modeling-based age-dependent analysis reveals the net patterns of ethylene-dependent and -independent aerenchyma formation in rice and maize roots. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 321:111340. [PMID: 35696932 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants require oxygen for the functioning of roots, and thus the establishment of a long-distance diffusion path from above-water tissues to the submerged roots is essential to survive flooding. Rice (Oryza sativa) constitutively forms aerenchyma (gas spaces) under aerobic conditions, and induces its formation in response to low-oxygen conditions. Constitutive aerenchyma formation in rice roots is regulated by the phytohormone auxin, whereas ethylene stimulates inducible aerenchyma formation. However, the net patterns of the ethylene-dependent and -independent (auxin-dependent) aerenchyma formation remain unclear. In the present study, we used a modeling approach to determine age-dependent aerenchyma formation in the wild-type rice and reduced culm number 1 mutant, in which ethylene production is reduced, to reveal the net patterns of ethylene-dependent and -independent aerenchyma formation. Subsequent comparison of age-dependent aerenchyma formation between rice and maize roots suggested that more rapid induction of ethylene-dependent aerenchyma formation and more aerenchyma in rice roots are essential to achieve efficient oxygen diffusion under low-oxygen conditions. Moreover, rice roots showed rapid increase in the expression levels of ethylene biosynthesis and responsive genes, suggesting that the local ethylene production at an early time point after root-cell emergence contributes to the rapid induction of the ethylene-dependent aerenchyma formation in rice. DATA AVAILABILITY: All data included in this study are available upon request by contact with the corresponding author.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaki Yamauchi
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Mikio Nakazono
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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18
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Li H, Matsuda H, Tsuboyama A, Munakata R, Sugiyama A, Yazaki K. Inventory of ATP-binding cassette proteins in Lithospermum erythrorhizon as a model plant producing divergent secondary metabolites. DNA Res 2022; 29:6596041. [PMID: 35640979 PMCID: PMC9195045 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins are the largest membrane transporter family in plants. In addition to transporting organic substances, these proteins function as ion channels and molecular switches. The development of multiple genes encoding ABC proteins has been associated with their various biological roles. Plants utilize many secondary metabolites to adapt to environmental stresses and to communicate with other organisms, with many ABC proteins thought to be involved in metabolite transport. Lithospermum erythrorhizon is regarded as a model plant for studying secondary metabolism, as cells in culture yielded high concentrations of meroterpenes and phenylpropanoids. Analysis of the genome and transcriptomes of L. erythrorhizon showed expression of genes encoding 118 ABC proteins, similar to other plant species. The number of expressed proteins in the half-size ABCA and full-size ABCB subfamilies was ca. 50% lower in L. erythrorhizon than in Arabidopsis, whereas there was no significant difference in the numbers of other expressed ABC proteins. Because many ABCG proteins are involved in the export of organic substances, members of this subfamily may play important roles in the transport of secondary metabolites that are secreted into apoplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hinako Matsuda
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Ai Tsuboyama
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Munakata
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Akifumi Sugiyama
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Yazaki
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel. +81 774 38 3617.
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19
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Konishi N, Huang S, Yamaji N, Ma JF. Cell-Type-Dependent but CME-Independent Polar Localization of Silicon Transporters in Rice. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:699-712. [PMID: 35277719 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is an important nutrient required for sustainable and high production of rice and its uptake is mediated by a pair of influx (OsLsi1)-efflux (OsLsi2) transporters showing polar localization. However, the mechanisms underlying their polarity are unknown. Here, we revealed that the polarity of the Si transporters depends on cell types. The polar localization of both OsLsi1 and OsLsi2 was not altered by Si supply, but their protein abundance was reduced. Double immunostaining showed that localization of OsLsi1 and OsLsi2 was separated at the edge of the lateral polar domain by Casparian strips in the endodermis, whereas they were slightly overlapped at the transversal side of the exodermis. When OsLsi1 was ectopically expressed in the shoots, it showed polar localization at the xylem parenchyma cells of the basal node and leaf sheath, but not at the phloem companion cells. Ectopic expression of non-polar Si transporters, barley HvLsi2 and maize ZmLsi2 in rice, resulted in their polar localization at the proximal side. The polar localization of OsLsi1 and OsLsi2 was not altered by inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) by dominant-negative induction of dynamin-related protein1A and knockout of mu subunit of adaptor protein 2 complex, although the knockout mutants of OsAP2M gene showed dwarf phenotype. These results indicate that CME is not required for the polar localization of Si transporters. Taken together, our results indicate that CME-independent machinery controls the polar localization of Si transporters in exodermis, endodermis of root cells and xylem parenchyma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Konishi
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046 Japan
| | - Sheng Huang
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046 Japan
| | - Naoki Yamaji
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046 Japan
| | - Jian Feng Ma
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046 Japan
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20
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Reynoso MA, Borowsky AT, Pauluzzi GC, Yeung E, Zhang J, Formentin E, Velasco J, Cabanlit S, Duvenjian C, Prior MJ, Akmakjian GZ, Deal RB, Sinha NR, Brady SM, Girke T, Bailey-Serres J. Gene regulatory networks shape developmental plasticity of root cell types under water extremes in rice. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1177-1192.e6. [PMID: 35504287 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how roots modulate development under varied irrigation or rainfall is crucial for development of climate-resilient crops. We established a toolbox of tagged rice lines to profile translating mRNAs and chromatin accessibility within specific cell populations. We used these to study roots in a range of environments: plates in the lab, controlled greenhouse stress and recovery conditions, and outdoors in a paddy. Integration of chromatin and mRNA data resolves regulatory networks of the following: cycle genes in proliferating cells that attenuate DNA synthesis under submergence; genes involved in auxin signaling, the circadian clock, and small RNA regulation in ground tissue; and suberin biosynthesis, iron transporters, and nitrogen assimilation in endodermal/exodermal cells modulated with water availability. By applying a systems approach, we identify known and candidate driver transcription factors of water-deficit responses and xylem development plasticity. Collectively, this resource will facilitate genetic improvements in root systems for optimal climate resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio A Reynoso
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; IBBM, FCE-UNLP CONICET, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Alexander T Borowsky
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Germain C Pauluzzi
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Elaine Yeung
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jianhai Zhang
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Elide Formentin
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Joel Velasco
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Sean Cabanlit
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Christine Duvenjian
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Matthew J Prior
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Garo Z Akmakjian
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Roger B Deal
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Neelima R Sinha
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Siobhan M Brady
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Thomas Girke
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Julia Bailey-Serres
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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21
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Ichino T, Yazaki K. Modes of secretion of plant lipophilic metabolites via ABCG transporter-dependent transport and vesicle-mediated trafficking. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 66:102184. [PMID: 35217474 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many lipophilic metabolites produced by terrestrial plants are deposited on plant surfaces to protect them from abiotic and biotic stresses. Plant-derived lipophilic metabolites include apoplastic biopolymers, such as wax, cutin, sporopollenin, suberin, and lignin, as well as low-molecular-weight secondary metabolites. These secreted molecules confer adaptive toughness and robustness on plants. The mechanisms responsible for the secretion of these lipophilic metabolites remain unclear, although two pathways, mediated by transporters and vesicles, have been proposed. Recent genetic and biochemical studies have shown that G-type ATP-binding cassette (ABCG) transporters and membrane trafficking factors are involved in the apoplastic accumulation of lipophilic metabolites in plants. These two distinctive modes of secretion may be either exclusive or collaborative. This review describes these transporter-dependent and vesicle-mediated mechanisms underlying the secretion of lipophilic metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Ichino
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Yazaki
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan.
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22
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Zhao H, Li Z, Wang Y, Wang J, Xiao M, Liu H, Quan R, Zhang H, Huang R, Zhu L, Zhang Z. Cellulose synthase-like protein OsCSLD4 plays an important role in the response of rice to salt stress by mediating abscisic acid biosynthesis to regulate osmotic stress tolerance. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:468-484. [PMID: 34664356 PMCID: PMC8882776 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis enzymes play important roles in plant growth, development and stress responses. The functions of cell wall polysaccharide synthesis enzymes in plant growth and development have been well studied. In contrast, their roles in plant responses to environmental stress are poorly understood. Previous studies have demonstrated that the rice cell wall cellulose synthase-like D4 protein (OsCSLD4) is involved in cell wall polysaccharide synthesis and is important for rice growth and development. This study demonstrated that the OsCSLD4 function-disrupted mutant nd1 was sensitive to salt stress, but insensitive to abscisic acid (ABA). The expression of some ABA synthesis and response genes was repressed in nd1 under both normal and salt stress conditions. Exogenous ABA can restore nd1-impaired salt stress tolerance. Moreover, overexpression of OsCSLD4 can enhance rice ABA synthesis gene expression, increase ABA content and improve rice salt tolerance, thus implying that OsCSLD4-regulated rice salt stress tolerance is mediated by ABA synthesis. Additionally, nd1 decreased rice tolerance to osmotic stress, but not ion toxic tolerance. The results from the transcriptome analysis showed that more osmotic stress-responsive genes were impaired in nd1 than salt stress-responsive genes, thus indicating that OsCSLD4 is involved in rice salt stress response through an ABA-induced osmotic response pathway. Intriguingly, the disruption of OsCSLD4 function decreased grain width and weight, while overexpression of OsCSLD4 increased grain width and weight. Taken together, this study demonstrates a novel plant salt stress adaptation mechanism by which crops can coordinate salt stress tolerance and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementBeijingChina
| | - Zixuan Li
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementBeijingChina
| | - Yayun Wang
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementBeijingChina
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementBeijingChina
| | - Minggang Xiao
- Biotechnology Research InstituteHeilongjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHarbinChina
| | - Hai Liu
- Department of BiologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Ruidang Quan
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementBeijingChina
| | - Haiwen Zhang
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementBeijingChina
| | - Rongfeng Huang
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementBeijingChina
| | - Li Zhu
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhijin Zhang
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementBeijingChina
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23
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Woolfson KN, Esfandiari M, Bernards MA. Suberin Biosynthesis, Assembly, and Regulation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11040555. [PMID: 35214889 PMCID: PMC8875741 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Suberin is a specialized cell wall modifying polymer comprising both phenolic-derived and fatty acid-derived monomers, which is deposited in below-ground dermal tissues (epidermis, endodermis, periderm) and above-ground periderm (i.e., bark). Suberized cells are largely impermeable to water and provide a critical protective layer preventing water loss and pathogen infection. The deposition of suberin is part of the skin maturation process of important tuber crops such as potato and can affect storage longevity. Historically, the term "suberin" has been used to describe a polyester of largely aliphatic monomers (fatty acids, ω-hydroxy fatty acids, α,ω-dioic acids, 1-alkanols), hydroxycinnamic acids, and glycerol. However, exhaustive alkaline hydrolysis, which removes esterified aliphatics and phenolics from suberized tissue, reveals a core poly(phenolic) macromolecule, the depolymerization of which yields phenolics not found in the aliphatic polyester. Time course analysis of suberin deposition, at both the transcriptional and metabolite levels, supports a temporal regulation of suberin deposition, with phenolics being polymerized into a poly(phenolic) domain in advance of the bulk of the poly(aliphatics) that characterize suberized cells. In the present review, we summarize the literature describing suberin monomer biosynthesis and speculate on aspects of suberin assembly. In addition, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of how suberization may be regulated, including at the phytohormone, transcription factor, and protein scaffold levels.
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24
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Banasiak J, Jasiński M. ATP-binding cassette transporters in nonmodel plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:1597-1612. [PMID: 34614235 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about plant ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins is of great value for sustainable agriculture, economic yield, and the generation of high-quality products, especially under unfavorable growth conditions. We have learned much about ABC proteins in model organisms, notably Arabidopsis thaliana; however, the importance of research dedicated to these transporters extends far beyond Arabidopsis biology. Recent progress in genomic and transcriptomic approaches for nonmodel and noncanonical model plants allows us to look at ABC transporters from a wider perspective and consider chemodiversity and functionally driven adaptation as distinctive mechanisms during their evolution. Here, by considering several representatives from agriculturally important families and recent progress in functional characterization of nonArabidopsis ABC proteins, we aim to bring attention to understanding the evolutionary background, distribution among lineages and possible mechanisms underlying the adaptation of this versatile transport system for plant needs. Increasing the knowledge of ABC proteins in nonmodel plants will facilitate breeding and development of new varieties based on, for example, genetic variations of endogenous genes and/or genome editing, representing an alternative to transgenic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Banasiak
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Z. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznań, Poland
| | - Michał Jasiński
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Z. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632, Poznań, Poland
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25
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Nomberg G, Marinov O, Arya GC, Manasherova E, Cohen H. The Key Enzymes in the Suberin Biosynthetic Pathway in Plants: An Update. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11030392. [PMID: 35161373 PMCID: PMC8839845 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Suberin is a natural biopolymer found in a variety of specialized tissues, including seed coat integuments, root endodermis, tree bark, potato tuber skin and the russeted and reticulated skin of fruits. The suberin polymer consists of polyaliphatic and polyphenolic domains. The former is made of very long chain fatty acids, primary alcohols and a glycerol backbone, while the latter consists of p-hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, which originate from the core phenylpropanoid pathway. In the current review, we survey the current knowledge on genes/enzymes associated with the suberin biosynthetic pathway in plants, reflecting the outcomes of considerable research efforts in the last two decades. We discuss the function of these genes/enzymes with respect to suberin aromatic and aliphatic monomer biosynthesis, suberin monomer transport, and suberin pathway regulation. We also delineate the consequences of the altered expression/accumulation of these genes/enzymes in transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Nomberg
- Volcani Center, Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel; (G.N.); (O.M.); (G.C.A.); (E.M.)
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ofir Marinov
- Volcani Center, Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel; (G.N.); (O.M.); (G.C.A.); (E.M.)
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Gulab Chand Arya
- Volcani Center, Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel; (G.N.); (O.M.); (G.C.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Ekaterina Manasherova
- Volcani Center, Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel; (G.N.); (O.M.); (G.C.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Hagai Cohen
- Volcani Center, Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel; (G.N.); (O.M.); (G.C.A.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence:
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26
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Shiono K, Yoshikawa M, Kreszies T, Yamada S, Hojo Y, Matsuura T, Mori IC, Schreiber L, Yoshioka T. Abscisic acid is required for exodermal suberization to form a barrier to radial oxygen loss in the adventitious roots of rice (Oryza sativa). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:655-669. [PMID: 34725822 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To acclimate to waterlogged conditions, wetland plants form a barrier to radial oxygen loss (ROL) that can enhance oxygen transport to the root apex. We hypothesized that one or more hormones are involved in the induction of the barrier and searched for such hormones in rice. We previously identified 98 genes that were tissue-specifically upregulated during ROL barrier formation in rice. The RiceXPro database showed that most of these genes were highly enhanced by exogenous abscisic acid (ABA). We then examined the effect of ABA on ROL barrier formation by using an ABA biosynthesis inhibitor (fluridone, FLU), by applying exogenous ABA and by examining a mutant with a defective ABA biosynthesis gene (osaba1). FLU suppressed barrier formation in a stagnant solution that mimics waterlogged soil. Under aerobic conditions, rice does not naturally form a barrier, but 24 h of ABA treatment induced barrier formation. osaba1 did not form a barrier under stagnant conditions, but the application of ABA rescued the barrier. In parallel with ROL barrier formation, suberin lamellae formed in the exodermis. These findings strongly suggest that ABA is an inducer of suberin lamellae formation in the exodermis, resulting in an ROL barrier formation in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Shiono
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Matsuoka-Kenjojima, Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1195, Japan
| | - Marina Yoshikawa
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Matsuoka-Kenjojima, Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1195, Japan
| | - Tino Kreszies
- Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Department of Crop Science, University of Göttingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Sumiyo Yamada
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Matsuoka-Kenjojima, Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1195, Japan
| | - Yuko Hojo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Takakazu Matsuura
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Izumi C Mori
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Lukas Schreiber
- Department of Ecophysiology, Institute of Cellular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115, Germany
| | - Toshihito Yoshioka
- Faculty of Agro-Food Science, Niigata Agro-Food University, 2416 Hiranedai, Tainai, Niigata, 959-2702, Japan
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Grünhofer P, Guo Y, Li R, Lin J, Schreiber L. Hydroponic cultivation conditions allowing the reproducible investigation of poplar root suberization and water transport. PLANT METHODS 2021; 17:129. [PMID: 34911563 PMCID: PMC8672600 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-021-00831-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With increasing joint research cooperation on national and international levels, there is a high need for harmonized and reproducible cultivation conditions and experimental protocols in order to ensure the best comparability and reliability of acquired data. As a result, not only comparisons of findings of different laboratories working with the same species but also of entirely different species would be facilitated. As Populus is becoming an increasingly important genus in modern science and agroforestry, the integration of findings with previously gained knowledge of other crop species is of high significance. RESULTS To ease and ensure the comparability of investigations of root suberization and water transport, on a high degree of methodological reproducibility, we set up a hydroponics-based experimental pipeline. This includes plant cultivation, root histochemistry, analytical investigation, and root water transport measurement. A 5-week-long hydroponic cultivation period including an optional final week of stress application resulted in a highly consistent poplar root development. The poplar roots were of conical geometry and exhibited a typical Casparian band development with subsequent continuously increasing suberization of the endodermis. Poplar root suberin was composed of the most frequently described suberin substance classes, but also high amounts of benzoic acid derivatives could be identified. Root transport physiology experiments revealed that poplar roots in this developmental stage have a two- to tenfold higher hydrostatic than osmotic hydraulic conductivity. Lastly, the hydroponic cultivation allowed the application of gradually defined osmotic stress conditions illustrating the precise adjustability of hydroponic experiments as well as the previously reported sensitivity of poplar plants to water deficits. CONCLUSIONS By maintaining a high degree of harmonization, we were able to compare our results to previously published data on root suberization and water transport of barley and other crop species. Regarding hydroponic poplar cultivation, we enabled high reliability, reproducibility, and comparability for future experiments. In contrast to abiotic stress conditions applied during axenic tissue culture cultivation, this experimental pipeline offers great advantages including the growth of roots in the dark, easy access to root systems before, during, and after stress conditions, and the more accurate definition of the developmental stages of the roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Grünhofer
- Department of Ecophysiology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Yayu Guo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083, China
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ruili Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083, China
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083, China
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lukas Schreiber
- Department of Ecophysiology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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28
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Do THT, Martinoia E, Lee Y, Hwang JU. 2021 update on ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters: how they meet the needs of plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1876-1892. [PMID: 35235666 PMCID: PMC8890498 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in the field of ABC proteins including newly identified functions and regulatory mechanisms expand the understanding of how they function in the development and physiology of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Ha Thi Do
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University Zurich, Zurich 8008, Switzerland
| | - Youngsook Lee
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ung Hwang
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
- Author for communication:
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29
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Banasiak J, Jamruszka T, Murray JD, Jasiński M. A roadmap of plant membrane transporters in arbuscular mycorrhizal and legume-rhizobium symbioses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2071-2091. [PMID: 34618047 PMCID: PMC8644718 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Most land plants live in close contact with beneficial soil microbes: the majority of land plant species establish symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, while most legumes, the third largest plant family, can form a symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. These microbes contribute to plant nutrition via endosymbiotic processes that require modulating the expression and function of plant transporter systems. The efficient contribution of these symbionts involves precisely controlled integration of transport, which is enabled by the adaptability and plasticity of their transporters. Advances in our understanding of these systems, driven by functional genomics research, are rapidly filling the gap in knowledge about plant membrane transport involved in these plant-microbe interactions. In this review, we synthesize recent findings associated with different stages of these symbioses, from the pre-symbiotic stage to nutrient exchange, and describe the role of host transport systems in both mycorrhizal and legume-rhizobia symbioses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Banasiak
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań 61-704, Poland
| | - Tomasz Jamruszka
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań 61-704, Poland
| | - Jeremy D Murray
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular and Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Michał Jasiński
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań 61-704, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznań 60-632, Poland
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30
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Shukla V, Barberon M. Building and breaking of a barrier: Suberin plasticity and function in the endodermis. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 64:102153. [PMID: 34861611 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells coated with hydrophobic compounds constitute a protective barrier to control movement of materials through plant tissues. In roots, the endodermis develops two barriers: the Casparian strips establish an apoplastic barrier and suberin lamellae prevent diffusion through the plasma membrane. Suberin is a complex biopolymer and its deposition is highly responsive to the environment. While the enzymatic framework involved in suberin biosynthesis is well characterized, subsequent steps in suberin formation and regulation remained elusive. Recent publications, studying suberin from a cell biological perspective, have enriched our knowledge on suberin transport and polymerization in the cell wall. These studies have also elucidated the molecular mechanisms controlling suberin biosynthesis and regulation as well as its physiological role in plant abiotic and biotic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Shukla
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie Barberon
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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31
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Shukla V, Han JP, Cléard F, Lefebvre-Legendre L, Gully K, Flis P, Berhin A, Andersen TG, Salt DE, Nawrath C, Barberon M. Suberin plasticity to developmental and exogenous cues is regulated by a set of MYB transcription factors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021. [PMID: 34551972 DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.27.428267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Suberin is a hydrophobic biopolymer that can be deposited at the periphery of cells, forming protective barriers against biotic and abiotic stress. In roots, suberin forms lamellae at the periphery of endodermal cells where it plays crucial roles in the control of water and mineral transport. Suberin formation is highly regulated by developmental and environmental cues. However, the mechanisms controlling its spatiotemporal regulation are poorly understood. Here, we show that endodermal suberin is regulated independently by developmental and exogenous signals to fine-tune suberin deposition in roots. We found a set of four MYB transcription factors (MYB41, MYB53, MYB92, and MYB93), each of which is individually regulated by these two signals and is sufficient to promote endodermal suberin. Mutation of these four transcription factors simultaneously through genome editing leads to a dramatic reduction in suberin formation in response to both developmental and environmental signals. Most suberin mutants analyzed at physiological levels are also affected in another endodermal barrier made of lignin (Casparian strips) through a compensatory mechanism. Through the functional analysis of these four MYBs, we generated plants allowing unbiased investigation of endodermal suberin function, without accounting for confounding effects due to Casparian strip defects, and were able to unravel specific roles of suberin in nutrient homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Shukla
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jian-Pu Han
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Cléard
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Kay Gully
- Department of Molecular Plant Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paulina Flis
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence and School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Berhin
- Department of Molecular Plant Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tonni G Andersen
- Department of Molecular Plant Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David E Salt
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence and School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christiane Nawrath
- Department of Molecular Plant Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie Barberon
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
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32
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Shukla V, Han JP, Cléard F, Lefebvre-Legendre L, Gully K, Flis P, Berhin A, Andersen TG, Salt DE, Nawrath C, Barberon M. Suberin plasticity to developmental and exogenous cues is regulated by a set of MYB transcription factors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2101730118. [PMID: 34551972 PMCID: PMC8488582 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101730118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Suberin is a hydrophobic biopolymer that can be deposited at the periphery of cells, forming protective barriers against biotic and abiotic stress. In roots, suberin forms lamellae at the periphery of endodermal cells where it plays crucial roles in the control of water and mineral transport. Suberin formation is highly regulated by developmental and environmental cues. However, the mechanisms controlling its spatiotemporal regulation are poorly understood. Here, we show that endodermal suberin is regulated independently by developmental and exogenous signals to fine-tune suberin deposition in roots. We found a set of four MYB transcription factors (MYB41, MYB53, MYB92, and MYB93), each of which is individually regulated by these two signals and is sufficient to promote endodermal suberin. Mutation of these four transcription factors simultaneously through genome editing leads to a dramatic reduction in suberin formation in response to both developmental and environmental signals. Most suberin mutants analyzed at physiological levels are also affected in another endodermal barrier made of lignin (Casparian strips) through a compensatory mechanism. Through the functional analysis of these four MYBs, we generated plants allowing unbiased investigation of endodermal suberin function, without accounting for confounding effects due to Casparian strip defects, and were able to unravel specific roles of suberin in nutrient homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Shukla
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jian-Pu Han
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Cléard
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Kay Gully
- Department of Molecular Plant Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paulina Flis
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence and School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Berhin
- Department of Molecular Plant Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tonni G Andersen
- Department of Molecular Plant Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David E Salt
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence and School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christiane Nawrath
- Department of Molecular Plant Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie Barberon
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
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33
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Wang Y, Xu J, He Z, Hu N, Luo W, Liu X, Shi X, Liu T, Jiang Q, An P, Liu L, Sun Y, Jetter R, Li C, Wang Z. BdFAR4, a root-specific fatty acyl-coenzyme A reductase, is involved in fatty alcohol synthesis of root suberin polyester in Brachypodium distachyon. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:1468-1483. [PMID: 33768632 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Suberin is a complex hydrophobic polymer of aliphatic and phenolic compounds which controls the movement of gases, water, and solutes and protects plants from environmental stresses and pathogenic infection. The synthesis and regulatory pathways of suberin remain unknown in Brachypodium distachyon. Here we describe the identification of a B. distachyon gene, BdFAR4, encoding a fatty acyl-coenzyme A reductase (FAR) by a reverse genetic approach, and investigate the molecular relevance of BdFAR4 in the root suberin synthesis of B. distachyon. BdFAR4 is specifically expressed throughout root development. Heterologous expression of BdFAR4 in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) afforded the production of C20:0 and C22:0 fatty alcohols. The loss-of-function knockout of BdFAR4 by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing significantly reduced the content of C20:0 and C22:0 fatty alcohols associated with root suberin. In contrast, overexpression of BdFAR4 in B. distachyon and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) resulted in the accumulation of root suberin-associated C20:0 and C22:0 fatty alcohols, suggesting that BdFAR4 preferentially accepts C20:0 and C22:0 fatty acyl-CoAs as substrates. The BdFAR4 protein was localized to the endoplasmic reticulum in Arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts and Nicotiana benthamiana leaf epidermal cells. BdFAR4 transcript levels can be increased by abiotic stresses and abscisic acid treatment. Furthermore, yeast one-hybrid, dual-luciferase activity, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that the R2R3-MYB transcription factor BdMYB41 directly binds to the promoter of BdFAR4. Taken together, these results imply that BdFAR4 is essential for the production of root suberin-associated fatty alcohols, especially under stress conditions, and that its activity is transcriptionally regulated by the BdMYB41 transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiajing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhaofeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ning Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenqiao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xue Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianxiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qinqin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peipei An
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Le Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yulin Sun
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Reinhard Jetter
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Chunlian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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34
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Karahara I, Horie T. Functions and structure of roots and their contributions to salinity tolerance in plants. BREEDING SCIENCE 2021; 71:89-108. [PMID: 33762879 PMCID: PMC7973495 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.20123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is an increasing threat to the productivity of glycophytic crops worldwide. The root plays vital roles under various stress conditions, including salinity, as well as has diverse functions in non-stress soil environments. In this review, we focus on the essential functions of roots such as in ion homeostasis mediated by several different membrane transporters and signaling molecules under salinity stress and describe recent advances in the impacts of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) or genetic loci (and their causal genes, if applicable) on salinity tolerance. Furthermore, we introduce important literature for the development of barriers against the apoplastic flow of ions, including Na+, as well as for understanding the functions and components of the barrier structure under salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichirou Karahara
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Horie
- Division of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
- Corresponding author (e-mail: )
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Ejiri M, Fukao T, Miyashita T, Shiono K. A barrier to radial oxygen loss helps the root system cope with waterlogging-induced hypoxia. BREEDING SCIENCE 2021; 71:40-50. [PMID: 33762875 PMCID: PMC7973497 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.20110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Internal aeration is crucial for root growth under waterlogged conditions. Many wetland plants have a structural barrier that impedes oxygen leakage from the basal part of roots called a radial oxygen loss (ROL) barrier. ROL barriers reduce the loss of oxygen transported via the aerenchyma to the root tips, enabling long-distance oxygen transport for cell respiration at the root tip. Because the root tip does not have an ROL barrier, some of the transferred oxygen is released into the waterlogged soil, where it oxidizes and detoxifies toxic substances (e.g., sulfate and Fe2+) around the root tip. ROL barriers are located at the outer part of roots (OPRs). Their main component is thought to be suberin. Suberin deposits may block the entry of potentially toxic compounds in highly reduced soils. The amount of ROL from the roots depends on the strength of the ROL barrier, the length of the roots, and environmental conditions, which causes spatiotemporal changes in the root system's oxidization pattern. We summarize recent achievements in understanding how ROL barrier formation is regulated and discuss opportunities for breeding waterlogging-tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Ejiri
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Matsuoka-Kenjojima, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1195,
Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukao
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Matsuoka-Kenjojima, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1195,
Japan
| | - Tomoki Miyashita
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Matsuoka-Kenjojima, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1195,
Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Shiono
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Matsuoka-Kenjojima, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1195,
Japan
- Corresponding author (e-mail: )
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Wang C, Wang H, Li P, Li H, Xu C, Cohen H, Aharoni A, Wu S. Developmental programs interact with abscisic acid to coordinate root suberization in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:241-251. [PMID: 32645747 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Suberin lamellae, which provide a hydrophobic protective barrier against biotic and abiotic stresses, are widely deposited in various cell types during plant development and in response to stress. However, it remains unclear how developmental programs interact with stress responses to direct the precise spatiotemporal pattern of suberin deposition. In this study, we found that SHORT-ROOT (SHR), together with its downstream factor MYB36, guided suberization specifically in the root endodermis. Despite a partial dependence on abscisic acid (ABA), the suberization mediated by SHR and MYB36 appeared to derive from a slow readout of developmental programs, which was in contrast to the rapid but transient suberization induced by ABA. Furthermore, we found the MYB39 transcription factor functioned as a common downstream hub of the SHR/MYB36 pathway and the ABA-triggered response. MYB39 could directly bind to the FAR5 (alcohol-forming fatty acyl-coenzyme A reductase) promoter to activate its expression. In addition, overexpression of MYB39 dramatically increased the amount of suberization in Arabidopsis roots. Our results provide important insights into the interaction between developmental programs and environmental stimuli in root suberization in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Wang
- College of Horticulture & College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Horticulture & College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Pengxue Li
- College of Horticulture & College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- College of Horticulture & College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Chunmiao Xu
- College of Horticulture & College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hagai Cohen
- Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Shuang Wu
- College of Horticulture & College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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Ejiri M, Sawazaki Y, Shiono K. Some Accessions of Amazonian Wild Rice ( Oryza glumaepatula) Constitutively Form a Barrier to Radial Oxygen Loss along Adventitious Roots under Aerated Conditions. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9070880. [PMID: 32668711 PMCID: PMC7412225 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A barrier to radial oxygen loss (ROL), which reduces the loss of oxygen transported via the aerenchyma to the root tips, enables the roots of wetland plants to grow into anoxic/hypoxic waterlogged soil. However, little is known about its genetic regulation. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) mapping can help to understand the factors that regulate barrier formation. Rice (Oryza sativa) inducibly forms an ROL barrier under stagnant conditions, while a few wetland plants constitutively form one under aerated conditions. Here, we evaluated the formation of a constitutive ROL barrier in a total of four accessions from two wild rice species. Three of the accessions were wetland accessions of O. glumaepatula, and the fourth was a non-wetland species of O. rufipogon. These species have an AA type genome, which allows them to be crossed with cultivated rice. The three O. glumaepatula accessions (W2165, W2149, and W1183) formed an ROL barrier under aerated conditions. The O. rufipogon accession (W1962) did not form a constitutive ROL barrier, but it formed an inducible ROL barrier under stagnant conditions. The three O. glumaepatula accessions should be useful for QTL mapping to understand how a constitutive ROL barrier forms. The constitutive barrier of W2165 was closely associated with suberization and resistance to penetration by an apoplastic tracer (periodic acid) at the exodermis but did not include lignin at the sclerenchyma.
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Alam R, Hummel M, Yeung E, Locke AM, Ignacio JCI, Baltazar MD, Jia Z, Ismail AM, Septiningsih EM, Bailey‐Serres J. Flood resilience loci SUBMERGENCE 1 and ANAEROBIC GERMINATION 1 interact in seedlings established underwater. PLANT DIRECT 2020; 4:e00240. [PMID: 32775950 PMCID: PMC7403837 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Crops with resilience to multiple climatic stresses are essential for increased yield stability. Here, we evaluate the interaction between two loci associated with flooding survival in rice (Oryza sativa L.). ANAEROBIC GERMINATION 1 (AG1), encoding trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase 7 (TPP7), promotes mobilization of endosperm reserves to enhance the elongation of a hollow coleoptile in seeds that are seeded directly into shallow paddies. SUBMERGENCE 1 (SUB1), encoding the ethylene-responsive transcription factor SUB1A-1, confers tolerance to complete submergence by dampening carbohydrate catabolism, to enhance recovery upon desubmergence. Interactions between AG1/TPP7 and SUB1/SUB1A-1 were investigated under three flooding scenarios using four near-isogenic lines by surveying growth and survival. Pyramiding of the two loci does not negatively affect anaerobic germination or vegetative-stage submergence tolerance. However, the pyramided AG1 SUB1 genotype displays reduced survival when seeds are planted underwater and maintained under submergence for 16 d. To better understand the roles of TPP7 and SUB1A-1 and their interaction, temporal changes in carbohydrates and shoot transcriptomes were monitored in the four genotypes varying at the two loci at four developmental timeponts, from day 2 after seeding through day 14 of complete submergence. TPP7 enhances early coleoptile elongation, whereas SUB1A-1 promotes precocious photoautotrophy and then restricts underwater elongation. By contrast, pyramiding of the AG1 and SUB1 slows elongation growth, the transition to photoautotrophy, and survival. mRNA-sequencing highlights time-dependent and genotype-specific regulation of mRNAs associated with DNA repair, cell cycle, chromatin modification, plastid biogenesis, carbohydrate catabolism and transport, elongation growth, and other processes. These results suggest that interactions between AG1/TPP7 and SUB1/SUB1A-1 could impact seedling establishment if paddy depth is not effectively managed after direct seeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rejbana Alam
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesCenter for Plant Cell BiologyUniversity of California RiversideRiversideCAUSA
| | - Maureen Hummel
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesCenter for Plant Cell BiologyUniversity of California RiversideRiversideCAUSA
| | - Elaine Yeung
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesCenter for Plant Cell BiologyUniversity of California RiversideRiversideCAUSA
| | - Anna M. Locke
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesCenter for Plant Cell BiologyUniversity of California RiversideRiversideCAUSA
- Present address:
Soybean and Nitrogen Fixation Research UnitUSDA‐ARSRaleighNCUSA
| | | | - Miriam D. Baltazar
- Department of Biological SciencesCavite State UniversityIndangPhilippines
| | - Zhenyu Jia
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesCenter for Plant Cell BiologyUniversity of California RiversideRiversideCAUSA
| | | | - Endang M. Septiningsih
- International Rice Research InstituteMetro ManilaPhilippines
- Present address:
Department of Soil and Crop SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Julia Bailey‐Serres
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesCenter for Plant Cell BiologyUniversity of California RiversideRiversideCAUSA
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Luo T, Zou T, Yuan G, He Z, Li W, Tao Y, Liu M, Zhou D, Zhao H, Zhu J, Liang Y, Deng Q, Wang S, Zheng A, Liu H, Wang L, Li P, Li S. Less and shrunken pollen 1 (LSP1) encodes a member of the ABC transporter family required for pollen wall development in rice (Oryza sativa L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Nakamura M, Noguchi K. Tolerant mechanisms to O 2 deficiency under submergence conditions in plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2020; 133:343-371. [PMID: 32185673 PMCID: PMC7214491 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-020-01176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Wetland plants can tolerate long-term strict hypoxia and anoxic conditions and the subsequent re-oxidative stress compared to terrestrial plants. During O2 deficiency, both wetland and terrestrial plants use NAD(P)+ and ATP that are produced during ethanol fermentation, sucrose degradation, and major amino acid metabolisms. The oxidation of NADH by non-phosphorylating pathways in the mitochondrial respiratory chain is common in both terrestrial and wetland plants. As the wetland plants enhance and combine these traits especially in their roots, they can survive under long-term hypoxic and anoxic stresses. Wetland plants show two contrasting strategies, low O2 escape and low O2 quiescence strategies (LOES and LOQS, respectively). Differences between two strategies are ascribed to the different signaling networks related to phytohormones. During O2 deficiency, LOES-type plants show several unique traits such as shoot elongation, aerenchyma formation and leaf acclimation, whereas the LOQS-type plants cease their growth and save carbohydrate reserves. Many wetland plants utilize NH4+ as the nitrogen (N) source without NH4+-dependent respiratory increase, leading to efficient respiratory O2 consumption in roots. In contrast, some wetland plants with high O2 supply system efficiently use NO3- from the soil where nitrification occurs. The differences in the N utilization strategies relate to the different systems of anaerobic ATP production, the NO2--driven ATP production and fermentation. The different N utilization strategies are functionally related to the hypoxia or anoxia tolerance in the wetland plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoka Nakamura
- Department of Bio-Production, Faculty of Bio-Industry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri, Hokkaido, 099-2493, Japan.
| | - Ko Noguchi
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
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Wei X, Yang Z, Han G, Zhao X, Yin S, Yuan F, Wang B. The developmental dynamics of the sweet sorghum root transcriptome elucidate the differentiation of apoplastic barriers. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1724465. [PMID: 32024414 PMCID: PMC7194387 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1724465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Apoplastic barriers in the endodermis, such as Casparian strips and suberin lamellae, control the passage of water and minerals into the stele. Apoplastic barriers are thus thought to contribute to salt exclusion in salt-excluding plants such as sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). However, little is known about the genes involved in the development of the apoplastic barrier. Here, we identified candidate genes involved in Casparian strip and suberin lamella development in the roots of a sweet sorghum line (M-81E). Three distinct developmental regions (no differentiation, developing, and mature) were identified based on Casparian strip and suberin lamella staining in root cross sections. Sequencing of RNA extracted from these distinct sections identified key genes participating in the differentiation of the apoplastic barrier. The different sections were structurally distinct, presumably due to differences in gene expression. Genes controlling the phenylpropanoid pathway, fatty acid elongation, and fatty acid ω-hydroxylation appeared to be directly responsible for the formation of the apoplastic barrier. Our dataset elucidates the molecular processes underpinning apoplastic barrier development and provides a basis for future research on molecular mechanisms of apoplastic barrier formation and salt exclusion.Abbreviations: SHR, SHORTROOT; MYB, MYB DOMAIN PROTEIN; CIFs, Casparian strip integrity factors; CASP, Casparian strip domain proteins; PER, peroxidase; ESB1, ENHANCED SUBERIN1; CS, Casparian strip; RPKM, reads per kilobase per million reads; DEGs, differentially expressed genes; FDR, false discovery rate; GO, Gene Ontology; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; RNA-seq, RNA sequencing; PAL, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; CYP, cytochrome P450 monooxygenases; 4CL, 4-coumarate-CoA ligase; AAE5, ACYL-ACTIVATING ENZYME5; CCR, cinnamoyl CoA reductase; TKPR, TETRAKETIDE ALPHA-PYRONE REDUCTASE1; CAD, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase; HST, shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase; PMAT2, PHENOLIC GLUCOSIDE MALONYLTRANSFERASE2; CCOAOMT, caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase; KCS, β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase; CUT1, CUTICULAR PROTEIN1; DET2, 5-alpha-reductase; TAX, 3'-N-debenzoyl-2'-deoxytaxol N-benzoyltransferase; CER1, ECERIFERUM1; FAR, fatty acyl reductase; AF-CoA, alcohol-forming fatty acyl-CoA reductase; ABCG, ATP-binding cassette, subfamily G; ERF, ethylene-responsive transcription factor; HSF, heat stress transcription factor; NTF, NUCLEAR TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR Y SUBUNIT B-5; GPAT, glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocen Wei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, School of Biologic Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guoliang Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Yin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, Shandong, P.R. China
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Wang G, Xu J, Li L, Guo Z, Si Q, Zhu G, Wang X, Guo W. GbCYP86A1-1 from Gossypium barbadense positively regulates defence against Verticillium dahliae by cell wall modification and activation of immune pathways. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:222-238. [PMID: 31207065 PMCID: PMC6920168 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Suberin acts as stress-induced antipathogen barrier in the root cell wall. CYP86A1 encodes cytochrome P450 fatty acid ω-hydroxylase, which has been reported to be a key enzyme for suberin biosynthesis; however, its role in resistance to fungi and the mechanisms related to immune responses remain unknown. Here, we identified a disease resistance-related gene, GbCYP86A1-1, from Gossypium barbadense cv. Hai7124. There were three homologs of GbCYP86A1 in cotton, which are specifically expressed in roots and induced by Verticillium dahliae. Among them, GbCYP86A1-1 contributed the most significantly to resistance. Silencing of GbCYP86A1-1 in Hai7124 resulted in severely compromised resistance to V. dahliae, while heterologous overexpression of GbCYP86A1-1 in Arabidopsis improved tolerance. Tissue sections showed that the roots of GbCYP86A1-1 transgenic Arabidopsis had more suberin accumulation and significantly higher C16-C18 fatty acid content than control. Transcriptome analysis revealed that overexpression of GbCYP86A1-1 not only affected lipid biosynthesis in roots, but also activated the disease-resistant immune pathway; genes encoding the receptor-like kinases (RLKs), receptor-like proteins (RLPs), hormone-related transcription factors, and pathogenesis-related protein genes (PRs) were more highly expressed in the GbCYP86A1-1 transgenic line than control. Furthermore, we found that when comparing V. dahliae -inoculated and noninoculated plants, few differential genes related to disease immunity were detected in the GbCYP86A1-1 transgenic line; however, a large number of resistance genes were activated in the control. This study highlights the role of GbCYP86A1-1 in the defence against fungi and its underlying molecular immune mechanisms in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Lechen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Zhan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Qingxin Si
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Guozhong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Xinyu Wang
- College of Life SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Wangzhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
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Ramakrishna P, Barberon M. Polarized transport across root epithelia. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 52:23-29. [PMID: 31323542 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant roots explore the soil to acquire water and nutrients which are often available at concentrations that drastically differ from the plant's actual need for growth and development. This stark difference between availability and requirement can be dealt with owing to the root's architecture as an inverted gut. In roots, the two epithelial characteristics (selective acquisition and diffusion barrier) are split between two cell layers: the epidermis at the root periphery and the endodermis as the innermost cortical cell layer around the vasculature. Polarized transport of nutrients across the root epithelium can be achieved through different pathways: apoplastic, symplastic, or coupled transcellular. This review highlights different features of the root that allow this polarized transport. Special emphasis is placed on the coupled transcellular pathway, facilitated by polarized nutrient carriers along root cell layers but barred by suberin lamellae in endodermal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Ramakrishna
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie Barberon
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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Plewiński P, Książkiewicz M, Rychel-Bielska S, Rudy E, Wolko B. Candidate Domestication-Related Genes Revealed by Expression Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping of Narrow-Leafed Lupin ( Lupinus angustifolius L.). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225670. [PMID: 31726789 PMCID: PMC6888189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The last century has witnessed rapid domestication of the narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) as a grain legume crop, exploiting discovered alleles conferring low-alkaloid content (iucundus), vernalization independence (Ku and Julius), and reduced pod shattering (lentus and tardus). In this study, a L. angustifolius mapping population was subjected to massive analysis of cDNA ends (MACE). The MACE yielded 4185 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for linkage map improvement and 30,595 transcriptomic profiles for expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping. The eQTL highlighted a high number of cis- and trans-regulated alkaloid biosynthesis genes with gene expression orchestrated by a regulatory agent localized at iucundus locus, supporting the concept that ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR RAP2-7 may control low-alkaloid phenotype. The analysis of Ku shed light on the vernalization response via FLOWERING LOCUS T and FD regulon in L. angustifolius, providing transcriptomic evidence for the contribution of several genes acting in C-repeat binding factor (CBF) cold responsiveness and in UDP-glycosyltransferases pathways. Research on lentus selected a DUF1218 domain protein as a candidate gene controlling the orientation of the sclerified endocarp and a homolog of DETOXIFICATION14 for purplish hue of young pods. An ABCG transporter was identified as a hypothetical contributor to sclerenchyma fortification underlying tardus phenotype.
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45
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Shanmugarajah K, Linka N, Gräfe K, Smits SHJ, Weber APM, Zeier J, Schmitt L. ABCG1 contributes to suberin formation in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11381. [PMID: 31388073 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7864-1_123-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffusion barriers enable plant survival under fluctuating environmental conditions. They control internal water potential and protect against biotic or abiotic stress factors. How these protective molecules are deposited to the extracellular environment is poorly understood. We here examined the role of the Arabidopsis ABC half-size transporter AtABCG1 in the formation of the extracellular root suberin layer. Quantitative analysis of extracellular long-chain fatty acids and aliphatic alcohols in the atabcg1 mutants demonstrated altered root suberin composition, specifically a reduction in longer chain dicarboxylic acids, fatty alcohols and acids. Accordingly, the ATP-hydrolyzing activity of heterologous expressed and purified AtABCG1 was strongly stimulated by fatty alcohols (C26-C30) and fatty acids (C24-C30) in a chain length dependent manner. These results are a first indication for the function of AtABCG1 in the transport of longer chain aliphatic monomers from the cytoplasm to the apoplastic space during root suberin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Shanmugarajah
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicole Linka
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Gräfe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sander H J Smits
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Zeier
- Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lutz Schmitt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Shanmugarajah K, Linka N, Gräfe K, Smits SHJ, Weber APM, Zeier J, Schmitt L. ABCG1 contributes to suberin formation in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11381. [PMID: 31388073 PMCID: PMC6684660 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47916-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion barriers enable plant survival under fluctuating environmental conditions. They control internal water potential and protect against biotic or abiotic stress factors. How these protective molecules are deposited to the extracellular environment is poorly understood. We here examined the role of the Arabidopsis ABC half-size transporter AtABCG1 in the formation of the extracellular root suberin layer. Quantitative analysis of extracellular long-chain fatty acids and aliphatic alcohols in the atabcg1 mutants demonstrated altered root suberin composition, specifically a reduction in longer chain dicarboxylic acids, fatty alcohols and acids. Accordingly, the ATP-hydrolyzing activity of heterologous expressed and purified AtABCG1 was strongly stimulated by fatty alcohols (C26–C30) and fatty acids (C24–C30) in a chain length dependent manner. These results are a first indication for the function of AtABCG1 in the transport of longer chain aliphatic monomers from the cytoplasm to the apoplastic space during root suberin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Shanmugarajah
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicole Linka
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Gräfe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sander H J Smits
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Zeier
- Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lutz Schmitt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Ejiri M, Shiono K. Prevention of Radial Oxygen Loss Is Associated With Exodermal Suberin Along Adventitious Roots of Annual Wild Species of Echinochloa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:254. [PMID: 30915090 PMCID: PMC6421306 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Internal aeration is crucial for root growth under waterlogged conditions. Some wetland plants have a structural barrier that impedes oxygen leakage from the basal part of roots called a radial oxygen loss (ROL) barrier. The ROL barrier reduces loss of oxygen transported via the aerenchyma to the root tips, enabling root growth into anoxic soil. The roots of some plants develop an ROL barrier under waterlogged conditions, while they remain leaky to oxygen under well-drained or aerated conditions. The main components of the inducible ROL barrier are thought to be suberin and lignin deposited at the outer cellular space (apoplast) in the outer part of roots. On the other hand, a few wetland plants including a species of Echinochloa form a constitutive ROL barrier, i.e., it is formed even in the absence of waterlogging. However, little is known about the components of constitutive ROL barriers. An ROL barrier is considered to be a characteristic of wetland species because it has not been found in any non-wetland species so far. Here, we examined whether Echinochloa species from non-waterlogged fields also form an inducible or constitutive ROL barrier. We found that three species of Echinochloa from non-waterlogged fields constitutively developed an ROL barrier under aerated conditions. Over 85% of their root exodermis cells were covered with suberin lamellae and had well-developed Casparian strips. These substances inhibited the infiltration of an apoplastic tracer (periodic acid), suggesting that the ROL barrier can also prevent the entry of phytotoxic compounds from the soil. Unlike the other Echinochloa species, E. oryzicola, which mainly inhabits rice paddies, was found to lack a constitutive ROL barrier under aerated conditions. Although close to 90% of its sclerenchyma was well lignified, it leaked oxygen from the basal part of roots. A high percentage (55%) of the root exodermis cells were not fortified with suberin lamellae. These results suggest that suberin is an important component of constitutive ROL barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katsuhiro Shiono
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Eiheiji, Japan
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Figueiredo R, Araújo P, Llerena JPP, Mazzafera P. Suberin and hemicellulose in sugarcane cell wall architecture and crop digestibility: A biotechnological perspective. Food Energy Secur 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Figueiredo
- Department of Plant Biology Institute of Biology State University of Campinas Campinas Brazil
| | - Pedro Araújo
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents Institute of Biology State University of Campinas Campinas Brazil
| | - Juan Pablo P. Llerena
- Department of Plant Biology Institute of Biology State University of Campinas Campinas Brazil
| | - Paulo Mazzafera
- Department of Plant Biology Institute of Biology State University of Campinas Campinas Brazil
- Department of Crop Science College of Agriculture Luiz de Queiroz University of São Paulo Piracicaba Brazil
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Kreszies T, Shellakkutti N, Osthoff A, Yu P, Baldauf JA, Zeisler‐Diehl VV, Ranathunge K, Hochholdinger F, Schreiber L. Osmotic stress enhances suberization of apoplastic barriers in barley seminal roots: analysis of chemical, transcriptomic and physiological responses. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:180-194. [PMID: 30055115 PMCID: PMC6586163 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is more drought tolerant than other cereals, thus making it an excellent model for the study of the chemical, transcriptomic and physiological effects of water deficit. Roots are the first organ to sense soil water deficit. Therefore, we studied the response of barley seminal roots to different water potentials induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000. We investigated changes in anatomical parameters by histochemistry and microscopy, quantitative and qualitative changes in suberin composition by analytical chemistry, transcript changes by RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq), and the radial water and solute movement of roots using a root pressure probe. In response to osmotic stress, genes in the suberin biosynthesis pathway were upregulated that correlated with increased suberin amounts in the endodermis and an overall reduction in hydraulic conductivity (Lpr ). In parallel, transcriptomic data indicated no or only weak effects of osmotic stress on aquaporin expression. These results indicate that osmotic stress enhances cell wall suberization and markedly reduces Lpr of the apoplastic pathway, whereas Lpr of the cell-to-cell pathway is not altered. Thus, the sealed apoplast markedly reduces the uncontrolled backflow of water from the root to the medium, whilst keeping constant water flow through the highly regulated cell-to-cell path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tino Kreszies
- Department of EcophysiologyInstitute of Cellular and Molecular BotanyUniversity of BonnKirschallee 153115BonnGermany
| | - Nandhini Shellakkutti
- Department of EcophysiologyInstitute of Cellular and Molecular BotanyUniversity of BonnKirschallee 153115BonnGermany
| | - Alina Osthoff
- Crop Functional GenomicsInstitute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)University of Bonn53113BonnGermany
| | - Peng Yu
- Crop Functional GenomicsInstitute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)University of Bonn53113BonnGermany
| | - Jutta A. Baldauf
- Crop Functional GenomicsInstitute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)University of Bonn53113BonnGermany
| | - Viktoria V. Zeisler‐Diehl
- Department of EcophysiologyInstitute of Cellular and Molecular BotanyUniversity of BonnKirschallee 153115BonnGermany
| | - Kosala Ranathunge
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawley6009PerthAustralia
| | - Frank Hochholdinger
- Crop Functional GenomicsInstitute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)University of Bonn53113BonnGermany
| | - Lukas Schreiber
- Department of EcophysiologyInstitute of Cellular and Molecular BotanyUniversity of BonnKirschallee 153115BonnGermany
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Chang Z, Jin M, Yan W, Chen H, Qiu S, Fu S, Xia J, Liu Y, Chen Z, Wu J, Tang X. The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter OsABCG3 is essential for pollen development in rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 11:58. [PMID: 30311098 PMCID: PMC6181869 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-018-0248-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pollen wall, which protects male gametophyte against various stresses and facilitates pollination, is essential for successful reproduction in flowering plants. The pollen wall consists of gametophyte-derived intine and sporophyte-derived exine. From outside to inside of exine are tectum, bacula, nexine I and nexine II layers. How these structural layers are formed has been under extensive studies, but the molecular mechanisms remain obscure. RESULTS Here we identified two osabcg3 allelic mutants and demonstrated that OsABCG3 was required for pollen development in rice. OsABCG3 encodes a half-size ABCG transporter localized on the plasma membrane. It was mainly expressed in anther when exine started to form. Loss-function of OsABCG3 caused abnormal degradation of the tapetum. The mutant pollen lacked the nexine II and intine layers, and shriveled without cytoplasm. The expression of some genes required for pollen wall formation was examined in osabcg3 mutants. The mutation did not alter the expression of the regulatory genes and lipid metabolism genes, but altered the expression of lipid transport genes. CONCLUSIONS Base on the genetic and cytological analyses, OsABCG3 was proposed to transport the tapetum-produced materials essential for pollen wall formation. This study provided a new perspective to the genetic regulation of pollen wall development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyi Chang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107 China
| | - Mingna Jin
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107 China
| | - Wei Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107 China
- School of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 10048 China
| | - Hui Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107 China
| | - Shijun Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107 China
| | - Shan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 53004 China
| | - Jixing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 53004 China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107 China
| | - Zhufeng Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107 China
| | - Jianxin Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107 China
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