1
|
Schäfer L, Thom N. A placebo-controlled, double-blind study evaluating the effect of orally administered polyunsaturated fatty acids on the oclacitinib dose for atopic dogs. Vet Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38465482 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supplementation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) enables dose reduction of prednisolone and ciclosporin in canine atopic dermatitis (cAD). OBJECTIVE To determine if oral administration of PUFA reduces the dose of oclacitinib in cAD. ANIMALS Twenty-two client-owned dogs with cAD receiving oclacitinib. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dogs received a fish oil product (PUFA) or paraffin oil (placebo) for 16 weeks. Owners adjusted the oclacitinib dose according to daily pruritus assessments. On Day (D)0, D56 and D112, Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, fourth iteration (CADESI-04), pruritus Visual Analog Scale (PVAS), quality-of-life score (QoL), Global Assessment (GA), quality-of-coat (QoC) and adverse events were recorded. RESULTS Mean daily oclacitinib dose was significantly reduced in the PUFA group from 0.51 ± 0.20 mg/kg/24 h (D0) to 0.19 ± 0.14 mg/kg/24 h (D85-112; p < 0.00001) and not in the placebo group (D0: 0.70 ± 0.33 mg/kg/24 h; D85-112: 0.53 ± 0.35 mg/kg/24 h, p = 0.5422). CADESI-04 did not change over time or differ between groups. PVAS was significantly lower in the PUFA group (2.8 ± 1.5) compared to placebo (4.2 ± 1.6) at D112 (p = 0.0375). QoL and QoC improved only in the PUFA group (QoL: D0: 20 ± 7, D112: 12 ± 5, p = 0.0057; QoC: D0: 0 ± 0.5, D112: 1 ± 0.5, p = 0.0410). GA on D112 was higher in the PUFA group (p = 0.008). No adverse events were observed. CONCLUSION Oral supplementation of PUFA allowed dose reduction of oclacitinib and improved PVAS, QoL, QoC and GA. The use of PUFA is recommended and was safe in the atopic study dogs receiving oclacitinib.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schäfer
- Clinic for Small Animals, Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Nina Thom
- Clinic for Small Animals, Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Small Animal Practice 'Am Aartalsee', Hohenahr, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Baretta LT, do Espírito Santo Cunha V, Figueiredo CD, Gerardi DG. A randomised, double-blinded trial to assess the effect of oclacitinib and prednisolone on intradermal allergen and prick tests in dogs with atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2024; 35:71-80. [PMID: 37770410 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intradermal (IDT) and prick (PT) tests are used to select allergens for allergen-specific immunotherapy in dogs with atopic dermatitis (cAD). However, the use of antipruritic drugs before performing these tests may influence the results. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of the drugs oclacitinib and prednisolone on the immediate-phase reactions of IDT and PT. ANIMALS Thirty client-owned dogs with cAD with positive reactions to at least one allergen extract on IDT or PT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dogs were randomly assigned to receive oclacitinib 0.4-0.58 mg/kg per os, every 12 h (n = 14), or prednisolone 0.37-0.65 mg/kg p.o., every 12 h (n = 16) for 14 days. IDT and PT were performed on Day (D)0 before treatment and on D14. RESULTS At D14 there was no significant reduction in the means of the orthogonal diameters of the positive immediate-phase reactions of the IDT (p = 0.064) in the oclacitinib group; however, in the PT, the diameter of the positive reactions reduced significantly (p = 0.048). In both tests, there was no significant reduction in the total number of positive reactions (IDT, p > 0.999; PT, p = 0.735). In the prednisolone group, the means of the orthogonal diameters of positive immediate-phase reactions were significantly reduced in both tests (IDT, p = 0.001; PT, p ≤ 0.001) and there also was a reduction in the total number of positive reactions (IDT, p = 0.022; PT, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of oclacitinib 0.4-0.58 mg/kg twice daily for 14 days does not interfere with IDT results in dogs with cAD. However, oclacitinib may reduce PT reactivity. The use of prednisolone 0.37-0.65 mg/kg twice daily results in a reduction in both IDT and PT results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Talita Baretta
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Congiusta MC, Snyder C, Soukup JW, Apostolopoulos N. Novel Management of Masticatory Myositis in Three Dogs with a Selective Janus Kinase (JAK-1) Inhibitor. J Vet Dent 2024:8987564231219925. [PMID: 38192103 DOI: 10.1177/08987564231219925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Masticatory myositis (MM) is an inflammatory myopathy reported in dogs and is characterized by inflammation of the masticatory muscles (temporalis, masseter, and pterygoid muscles). Immunosuppressive therapy is the current recommended treatment for MM and may involve glucocorticoids, cyclosporine, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, leflunomide, or a combination of these treatments that are slowly tapered to the lowest effective dose. However, side effects from multimodal medical therapy and complications associated with MM relapses have been reported. The purpose of this case series was to report oclacitinib as a treatment alternative to traditional medical management of MM. The intent of this alternative is to manage side effects from glucocorticoid use. Oclacitinib (1mg/kg per os q12h) was used solely for treatment of MM in three dogs. The dogs were followed up to >6 months after oclacitinib administration. An increase in oral range of motion, as determined by gape angle, was noted in all three dogs. However, a corresponding drop in antibody titers (2M fiber) did not occur. All dogs showed improvement in overall clinical management of MM, side effects from glucocorticoids, and clinical signs related to chronic prednisone use. Larger controlled trials with consistent measurements (interincisal distance, gape angle) and 2M fiber antibody titers are indicated to further assess validation of oclacitinib treatment of MM. The clinical outcome of all dogs was considered successful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Congiusta
- Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christopher Snyder
- Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jason W Soukup
- Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Neoklis Apostolopoulos
- Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim J, Ham J, Kang HR, Bae YS, Kim T, Kim HY. JAK3 inhibitor suppresses multipotent ILC2s and attenuates steroid-resistant asthma. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi3770. [PMID: 38117887 PMCID: PMC10732531 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi3770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Steroids are the standard treatment for allergic airway inflammation in asthma, but steroid-refractory asthma poses a challenge. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), such as T helper 2 (TH2) cells, produce key asthma-related type 2 cytokines. Recent insights from mouse and human studies indicate a potential connection between ILC2s and steroid-resistant asthma. Here, we highlight that lung ILC2s, rather than TH2 cells, can develop steroid resistance, allowing them to persist and maintain their disease-driving activity even during steroid treatment. The emergence of multipotent IL-5+IL-13+IL-17A+ ILC2s is associated with steroid-resistant ILC2s. The Janus kinase 3 (JAK3)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3, 5, and 6 pathways contribute to the acquisition of steroid-resistant ILC2s. The JAK3 inhibitor reduces ILC2 survival, proliferation, and cytokine production in vitro and ameliorates ILC2-driven Alternaria-induced asthma. Furthermore, combining a JAK3 inhibitor with steroids results in the inhibition of steroid-resistant asthma. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic approach for addressing this challenging condition in chronic asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jongho Ham
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, SRC Center for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organs, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Kang
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, SRC Center for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organs, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - TaeSoo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Multitasking Macrophage Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, SRC Center for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organs, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim MS, Kong D, Han M, Roh K, Koo H, Lee S, Kang KS. Canine amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate atopic dermatitis through regeneration and immunomodulation. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:2055-2070. [PMID: 37421548 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10155-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising tool for treating immune disorders. However, the immunomodulatory effects of canine MSCs compared with other commercialized biologics for treating immune disorders have not been well studied. In this study we investigated the characteristics and immunomodulatory effects of canine amnion membrane (cAM)-MSCs. We examined gene expression of immune modulation and T lymphocytes from activated canine peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation. As a result, we confirmed that cAM-MSCs upregulated immune modulation genes (TGF-β1, IDO1 and PTGES2) and suppressed the proliferation capacity of T cells. Moreover, we confirmed the therapeutic effect of cAM-MSCs compared with oclacitinib (OCL), the most commonly used Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, as a treatment for canine atopic dermatitis (AD) using a mouse AD model. As a result, we confirmed that cAM-MSCs with PBS treatment groups (passage 4, 6 and 8) compared with PBS only (PBS) though scores of dermatologic signs, tissue pathologic changes and inflammatory cytokines were significantly reduced. In particular, cAM-MSCs were more effective than OCL in the recovery of wound dysfunction, regulation of mast cell activity and expression level of immune modulation protein. Interestingly, subcutaneous injection of cAM-MSCs induced weight recovery, but oral administration of oclacitinib induced weight loss as a side effect. In conclusion, this study suggests that cAM-MSCs can be developed as a safe canine treatment for atopic dermatitis without side effects through effective regeneration and immunomodulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Soo Kim
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasom Kong
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Myounghee Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyounghwan Roh
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Bioengineering Institute, Global R&D Center, Kangstem Biotech Co. Ltd, Ace Highend Tower 8, 84, Gasan digital 1-ro, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul, 08590, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojun Koo
- Smile Veterinary Clinic, Jungbu-daero, Cheoin-gu, yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 1510, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Lee
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Bioengineering Institute, Global R&D Center, Kangstem Biotech Co. Ltd, Ace Highend Tower 8, 84, Gasan digital 1-ro, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul, 08590, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Kang
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hernandez-Bures A, Bidot WA, Griffin CE, Rosenkrantz WS. The use of oclacitinib compared to azathioprine in the management of canine pemphigus foliaceus: A retrospective analysis. Vet Dermatol 2023; 34:554-566. [PMID: 37700599 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oclacitinib (Apoquel; Zoetis) has been reported to be beneficial for treating immune-mediated disorders. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES This retrospective study evaluates in which group of dogs [oclacitinib (OC) or azathioprine (AZ)] remission of pemphigus foliaceus (PF) was more effectively achieved with matched induction dosing of glucocorticoids; it further evaluates which group had a higher glucocorticoid-sparing effect. ANIMALS Review of 30 medical records of dogs diagnosed with PF presented to a private practice dermatological service. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective analysis of dogs diagnosed with PF and treated with OC or AZ in combination with glucocorticoids. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the ability to induce remission between AZ and OC groups. In the AZ group, 13 of 15 dogs went into some type of remission (partial or complete), compared with 11 of 15 in the OC group. There was no significant difference between the two groups for the glucocorticoid-sparing effect. The AZ group had an average reduction of 77.9% from the induction glucocorticoid dose, and OC group had an average reduction of 64.4%. One of 15 patients in the AZ group and three of 15 patients in the OC group had a 100% reduction of the glucocorticoid dose. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results indicate that OC can be considered as a treatment option for canine PF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wille A Bidot
- Office of Animal Resources, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Serra Fabregat X, de Pablo MÁ, Hernán-Pérez C, Diéguez E, Valero Coppin O, Genové Corominas E. Efficacy and tolerance of a novel topical TRPV-1 channel antagonist in dogs with allergic pododermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2023; 34:514-522. [PMID: 37309264 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pruritus due to allergic skin disease is one of the most common reasons for dermatological consultations in the veterinary clinic. Treatment is usually multimodal and requires continuous monitoring and reassessment. New therapies are needed to broaden the therapeutic arsenal. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a novel transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel antagonist for allergic pododermatitis in dogs. ANIMALS Twenty-four client-owned dogs with allergic pododermatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was an open, prospective, multi-centre clinical trial with client-owned dogs. All dogs were treated twice daily with a spray containing hydroxymethoxyiodobenzyl glycolamide pelargonate for 28 days. Clinical assessments included pruritus Visual Analog Scale (PVAS), pedal skin lesion score, evaluation of quality of life (QoL), presence of secondary infections and a four-point subjective efficacy assessment by the veterinarian and the dog owner. RESULTS There was more than 50% improvement in all scores by the conclusion of the study. Secondary infections were reduced (p < 0.001). Both the veterinarians and dog owners evaluated the efficacy of the product positively. The product was well-tolerated. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study demonstrated the tolerability and efficacy of a TRPV1 antagonist on pruritic pododermatitis in 24 dogs.
Collapse
|
8
|
Assadiasl S, Mojtahedi H, Nicknam MH. JAK Inhibitors in Solid Organ Transplantation. J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 63:1330-1343. [PMID: 37500063 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are a novel group of immunosuppressive drugs approved to treat certain rheumatic and allergic disorders; however, their efficacy in the regulation of alloimmune responses after solid organ transplantation has not yet been elucidated. In the present review, we have summarized the results of in vitro, in vivo, experimental, and clinical trial studies about the efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors in improving allograft survival in solid organ transplantations, including kidney, heart, lung, and liver transplants. Moreover, reports on administering JAK inhibitors to steroid-resistant patients with graft versus host disease (GvHD) after solid organ transplantation have been reviewed. Overall findings are suggestive of a beneficial role for JAK inhibitors in organ transplantation: for example, they have been shown to improve allograft function, reduce the rate and score of acute rejection, downregulate the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules, and decrease oxidative stress. However, the adverse effects of these drugs, in particular bone marrow suppression and infection, remain an obstacle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Assadiasl
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Mojtahedi
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nicknam
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mwacalimba K, Hillier A, Rosenbaum M, Brennan C, Amodie D. Diminished antimicrobial drug use in dogs with allergic dermatitis treated with oclacitinib. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1207582. [PMID: 37745208 PMCID: PMC10512704 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1207582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dogs with allergic dermatitis often suffer concurrent skin and ear infections. The objective of this study was to retrospectively quantify the number of systemic and topical antimicrobial transactions in dogs with allergic dermatitis, following administration of oclacitinib or a glucocorticoid, compared to dogs that did not receive a pruritus therapy when there is an initial diagnosis of pyoderma. A secondary objective was to demonstrate that dogs on oclacitinib use fewer antimicrobials and concomitant therapies over time and have improved quality of life. Materials and methods This was a retrospective case-control study using a large, centralized database to identify canine patients receiving pruritus therapy along with a concurrent diagnosis of pyoderma. For the second objective, 58 client-owned dogs diagnosed with allergic dermatitis were enrolled in a prospective owner and dog quality of life and treatment satisfaction (QoL&TS) study that also evaluated concomitant therapy use over time. In Part A, data consisted of anonymous transaction records from 1,134 hospitals across the United States, representing pyoderma visits between December 2018 and December 2019. Odds ratios comparing the relative odds of having additional antimicrobial agent transactions were calculated, given initial pruritus therapy compared to dogs that did not receive pruritus therapy. Parametric bootstrapping was used to calculate goodness-of-fit statistics. In part B, dogs entered the study on Day 0 and returned for examination on Days 14, 21, 30, and 60. Owner determination of QoL&TS was performed on Days 0, 1, 3, 14, 21, 30, and 60. On Days 0, 14, 21, and 60, a veterinarian assessed concomitant therapies and dermatitis severity scoring. Least Squares Means and Standard Errors for QoL&TS, and Dermatitis Vet VAS (Visual Analog Scale) Scores were calculated using a Linear Mixed Model Approach for Repeated Measures (α = 0.05). The percent reduction in therapies was also calculated. Results Dogs that received oclacitinib (n = 5,132) or a glucocorticoid (n = 7,024) had reduced odds (OR: 0.8091; p = 0.0002 and OR: 0.7095; p < 0.0001, respectively) of having a follow up antimicrobial drug transaction after initial antimicrobial therapy compared to dogs with no pruritus therapy at the initial visit (n = 12,997). In part B, oclacitinib demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in QoL&TS scores over time QoL (p < 0.05). Veterinarian assessment showed a 70% reduction in dermatitis severity over time (p < 0.05), supporting oclacitinib's anti-inflammatory effects. Oclacitinib therapy was also associated with an 83% reduction in concomitant treatments, including a 100% reduction in systemic antimicrobial therapy over eight weeks. Discussion Dogs receiving oclacitinib showed no increase in antimicrobial therapy transactions compared to glucocorticoid recipients at the initial pyoderma diagnosis. Having a pruritus therapy at the index pyoderma visit reduced the odds of subsequent antimicrobial transactions. In addition to reducing concomitant therapy usage, oclacitinib improved owner and pet QoL, suggesting a paradigm shift in treatment success that could reshape allergic pruritus therapy recommendations. The study provides empirical evidence of oclacitinib's reduction in antibacterial therapy, supporting its therapeutic value and antimicrobial stewardship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Hillier
- Zoetis Veterinary Professional Services, Parsippany, NJ, United States
| | - Michele Rosenbaum
- Zoetis Veterinary Professional Services, Parsippany, NJ, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sartori R, Ahrens K, Wilkes R, Marsella R. Immunolocalization and Expression of JAK1 and JAK3 in the Skin of Dust Mite-Sensitive Beagle Dogs before and after Allergen Exposure. Vet Sci 2023; 10:512. [PMID: 37624299 PMCID: PMC10458269 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10080512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus kinase (JAK) pathways have emerged as targets of treatment, yet localization and expression of JAK1 and JAK3 in canine atopic skin have not been studied. This study aimed to compare the localization and expression of JAK1 and JAK3 in the skin of atopic dogs before and after allergen exposure. Skin biopsies taken from atopic beagles sensitized to house dust mites (HDM) before (D0) and after four weeks (D28) of allergen exposure were stained. Staining was subjectively scored by examiners unaware of the source of the slides. Image J was used for the semiquantitative assessment of staining intensity. JAK1 and JAK3 staining was epidermal and dermal. JAK1 staining was cytoplasmic, primarily found in basal keratinocytes and dermal cells, while JAK 3 was nuclear (all epidermal levels and on dermal inflammatory cells). Epidermal thickness was significantly higher on D28 than on D0 (p < 0.0001). For JAK1, epidermal staining divided by epithelial thickness was significantly lower on D28 (p = 0.0002) compared to D0. For JAK3 staining, intensity in the dermis was significantly higher on D28 (p = 0.0405) compared to D0. We conclude that decreased expression of JAK1 in the epidermis and increased expression of JAK3 in the dermis of atopic dogs occur after allergen exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim Ahrens
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (K.A.); (R.W.)
| | - Rachel Wilkes
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (K.A.); (R.W.)
| | - Rosanna Marsella
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (K.A.); (R.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Owaki R, Deguchi T, Konnai S, Maekawa N, Okagawa T, Hosoya K, Kim S, Sunaga T, Okumura M. Regulation of programmed death ligand 1 expression by interferon-γ and tumour necrosis factor-α in canine tumour cell lines. Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:279-290. [PMID: 36802270 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) on tumour cells provides an immune evasion mechanism by inducing suppression of cytotoxic T cells. Various regulatory mechanisms of PD-L1 expression have been described in human tumours, however, little is known in canine tumours. To investigate whether inflammatory signalling is involved in PD-L1 regulation in canine tumours, the effects of interferon (IFN)-γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α treatment were examined in canine malignant melanoma cell lines (CMeC and LMeC) and an osteosarcoma cell line (HMPOS). The protein level of PD-L1 expression was upregulated by IFN-γ and TNF-α stimulation. Upon IFN-γ stimulation, all cell lines showed an increase in expression of PD-L1, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1, STAT3 and genes regulated by STAT activation. Upregulated expression of these genes was suppressed by the addition of a JAK inhibitor, oclacitinib. Contrastingly, upon TNF-α stimulation, all cell lines exhibited higher gene expression of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) gene RELA and genes regulated by NF-κB activation, whereas expression of PD-L1 was upregulated in LMeC only. Upregulated expression of these genes was suppressed by the addition of an NF-κB inhibitor, BAY 11-7082. The expression level of cell surface PD-L1 induced by IFN-γ and TNF-α treatment was reduced by oclacitinib and BAY 11-7082, respectively, indicating that upregulation of PD-L1 expression by IFN-γ and TNF-α stimulation is regulated via the JAK-STAT and NF-κB signalling pathways, respectively. These results provide insights into the role of inflammatory signalling in PD-L1 regulation in canine tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Owaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Deguchi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoru Konnai
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoya Maekawa
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Okagawa
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenji Hosoya
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sangho Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takafumi Sunaga
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okumura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Aleo MM, Messamore J, Nieto BA, Fleck TJ, Humphrey WR, Coscarelli EM, Mahabir SP, McCall RB, Gonzales AJ. Lack of Interference of Oclacitinib with the results of intradermal testing or allergen-specific IgE serology in Dermatophagoides farinae-sensitized beagle dogs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2023; 256:110537. [PMID: 36603446 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2022.110537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with increased levels of allergen-specific IgE due to hyper-sensitization to environmental allergens. Intradermal testing (IDT) and allergen-specific IgE serology testing are often used to determine the allergens which elicit an IgE response in animals with a diagnosis of AD. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of oclacitinib on IDT and allergen-specific IgE serology testing using a laboratory model of house-dust mite sensitized Beagle dogs. Twenty-four (24) normal, healthy purpose-bred Beagle dogs were sensitized to house dust mites (HDM, Dermatophagoides farinae) and randomly assigned to placebo-, oclacitinib- (0.4 mg/kg/dose PO), or prednisolone-treated (0.5 mg/kg/dose PO) groups. After 14 days of twice daily dosing, the effects of prednisolone and oclacitinib were compared to placebo using baseline and post-dose IDT and allergen-specific IgE serum measurements. Sensitized dogs had increased circulating HDM-specific IgE for at least two weeks post-sensitization. Prednisolone significantly inhibited the measurable sensitivity of IDT, while oclacitinib did not. Neither prednisolone nor oclacitinib imposed significant effects on allergen-specific IgE serum levels, suggesting oclacitinib may have potential to be used in dogs concurrently undergoing intradermal skin testing and/or allergen-specific IgE serology testing without interference with test results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Aleo
- Zoetis, Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, 333 Portage St, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - James Messamore
- Zoetis, Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, 333 Portage St, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - Betsy A Nieto
- Zoetis, Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, 333 Portage St, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - Timothy J Fleck
- Zoetis, Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, 333 Portage St, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - William R Humphrey
- Zoetis, Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, 333 Portage St, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - Eileen M Coscarelli
- Zoetis, Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, 333 Portage St, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - Sean P Mahabir
- Zoetis, Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, 333 Portage St, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - Robert B McCall
- Zoetis, Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, 333 Portage St, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - Andrea J Gonzales
- Zoetis, Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, 333 Portage St, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mießner H, Seidel J, Smith ESJ. In vitro models for investigating itch. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:984126. [PMID: 36385768 PMCID: PMC9644192 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.984126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Itch (pruritus) is a sensation that drives a desire to scratch, a behavior observed in many animals. Although generally short-lasting and not causing harm, there are several pathological conditions where chronic itch is a hallmark symptom and in which prolonged scratching can induce damage. Finding medications to counteract the sensation of chronic itch has proven difficult due to the molecular complexity that involves a multitude of triggers, receptors and signaling pathways between skin, immune and nerve cells. While much has been learned about pruritus from in vivo animal models, they have limitations that corroborate the necessity for a transition to more human disease-like models. Also, reducing animal use should be encouraged in research. However, conducting human in vivo experiments can also be ethically challenging. Thus, there is a clear need for surrogate models to be used in pre-clinical investigation of the mechanisms of itch. Most in vitro models used for itch research focus on the use of known pruritogens. For this, sensory neurons and different types of skin and/or immune cells are stimulated in 2D or 3D co-culture, and factors such as neurotransmitter or cytokine release can be measured. There are however limitations of such simplistic in vitro models. For example, not all naturally occurring cell types are present and there is also no connection to the itch-sensing organ, the central nervous system (CNS). Nevertheless, in vitro models offer a chance to investigate otherwise inaccessible specific cell–cell interactions and molecular pathways. In recent years, stem cell-based approaches and human primary cells have emerged as viable alternatives to standard cell lines or animal tissue. As in vitro models have increased in their complexity, further opportunities for more elaborated means of investigating itch have been developed. In this review, we introduce the latest concepts of itch and discuss the advantages and limitations of current in vitro models, which provide valuable contributions to pruritus research and might help to meet the unmet clinical need for more refined anti-pruritic substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Mießner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Dermatological Skin Care, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Judith Seidel
- Dermatological Skin Care, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ewan St. John Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Ewan St. John Smith,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Evaluation of topical oclacitinib and nail trimming as a treatment for murine ulcerative dermatitis in laboratory mice. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276333. [PMID: 36256616 PMCID: PMC9578627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine ulcerative dermatitis (UD) is a common, multifactorial skin disease of C57BL/6 and C57BL/6-background strains of mice. Many treatment options have been previously reported but have been variably successful and may interfere with specific research studies. Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, such as oclacitinib, have been used to treat allergic dermatitis in humans, dogs, and other species. Additionally, topical oclacitinib was shown to improve an induced model of dermatitis in mice. We hypothesized that topical application of oclacitinib in conjunction with hind limb nail trimming would improve UD lesion scores more than our institutional standard treatment regime using meloxicam, topical antibiotic ointment, and nail trimming or nail trimming alone. To test this, mice with naturally occurring UD were recruited to the study and assigned to one of three treatment groups (n = 14/group): nail trim only; nail trim plus meloxicam and topical triple antibiotic ointment; or nail trim plus topical oclacitinib. UD was assessed on days 1, 7, and 14 for all treatment groups, and scored based on a previously published scoring system that quantitatively scored UD lesions based on pruritus, character of the lesion, size of lesion, and location of lesion. Here we found that mean UD scores decreased from day 1 to day 7 and from day 1 to day 14 for all treatment groups. However, there was no significant difference in mean UD score between the treatment groups at any timepoint. These data show that topical oclacitinib and nail trimming together improved UD lesion scores comparably to our institutional standard treatment and nail trimming alone. However, further studies may be warranted to investigate other potential applications of oclacitinib to treat UD.
Collapse
|
15
|
Black L, Zacharias S, Hughes M, Bautista R, Taechangam N, Sand T. The effect of uterine-derived mesenchymal stromal cells for the treatment of canine atopic dermatitis: A pilot study. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1011174. [PMID: 36213399 PMCID: PMC9538998 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1011174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a common allergic skin condition among dogs that may respond to treatment with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of allogeneic uterine tissue-derived MSCs (UMSCs) for the reduction and control of clinical signs associated with cAD. At two sites, seven client-owned dogs with cAD received two doses of approximately 3.6 x 107 UMSCs given intravenously over 30 min, on Day 0 and Day 14, with monthly clinical follow-up until Day 90 and optional owner phone interview on Day 180. Primary outcomes were pruritus and skin lesions. Pruritus was measured by the owner-assessed Pruritus Visual Analog Scale (PVAS), with treatment success defined as a 2-point reduction in PVAS score at any timepoint after treatment. Skin lesions were evaluated by two veterinarians according to the Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index (CADESI-4). The secondary outcome was safety, which was evaluated via physical exam and hematology, including complete blood count (CBC), serum chemistry, and urinalysis (UA). Treatment was generally well tolerated and associated with a significant reduction in PVAS on Day 30 that was maintained through Day 180. On Day 60, five dogs (71%) achieved treatment success (at least 2-point reduction in PVAS), and three dogs (43%) had a PVAS improvement of 4-5 points. Mean CADESI-4 score was significantly improved on Day 14, Day 30, Day 60, and Day 90, with the lowest mean score observed on Day 60. Three dogs exhibited mild and transient adverse events. These findings suggest that IV-administered allogeneic UMSCs reduce and control clinical signs of cAD, with a durable benefit lasting 3–6 months.
Collapse
|
16
|
Carrasco I, Ferrer L, Puigdemont A. Efficacy of oclacitinib for the control of feline atopic skin syndrome: correlating plasma concentrations with clinical response. J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:787-793. [PMID: 34612749 PMCID: PMC10812271 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x211048458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a new therapeutic regimen of oclacitinib for the control of feline atopic skin syndrome (FASS) and to correlate plasma levels of this drug with clinical effects. METHODS Twenty-eight client-owned cats with a clinical diagnosis of FASS were recruited. Oclacitinib was administered at 1 mg/kg q12h for 2 weeks and then at 1 mg/kg q24h for a further 2 weeks. At the study outset (D0), and 7 (D7) and 28 (D28) days after starting treatment, clinical lesions were assessed using a validated scoring system (SCORing Feline Allergic Dermatitis [SCORFAD]) and pruritus was graded via an adapted visual analogue scale (PVAS). At the same time points, plasma oclacitinib levels and haematological variables were measured. RESULTS Among 18 cats completing the study, PVAS and SCORFAD improved by ⩾50% in 61% and 88% of animals, respectively. Mean PVAS decreased significantly between D0 and D7 and between D0 and D28 (both P <0.001) but not between D7 and D28. Likewise, mean SCORFAD values decreased significantly between D0 and D7 and between D0 and D28 (both P <0.001) but not between D7 and D28. On D7 and D28, plasma oclacitinib concentrations varied widely from 0 to 1443.2 ng/ml and from from 0 to 1177.7 ng/ml, respectively. Oclacitinib concentrations showed no correlation with clinical effects (SCORFAD and PVAS). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Oclacitinib emerged as being safe and effective to control clinical signs of FASS. A mean dose of 1 mg/kg, even without extending twice-daily treatment beyond the first 2 weeks, could be a suitable therapeutic regimen. Plasma drug levels did not seem useful to predict clinical response during treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Carrasco
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluis Ferrer
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Puigdemont
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Loewinger M, Wakshlag JJ, Bowden D, Peters‐Kennedy J, Rosenberg A. The effect of a mixed cannabidiol and cannabidiolic acid based oil on client‐owned dogs with atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2022; 33:329-e77. [PMID: 35644533 PMCID: PMC9543248 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) are reported to have antinociceptive, immunomodulatory and anti‐inflammatory actions. Objectives To determine if CBD/CBDA is an effective therapy for canine atopic dermatitis (cAD). Animals Thirty‐two privately owned dogs with cAD. Materials and methods Prospective, randomised, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled study. Concurrent therapies were allowed if remained unchanged. Dogs were randomly assigned to receive either 2 mg/kg of an equal mix of CBD/CBDA (n = 17) or placebo for 4 weeks. On Day (D)0, D14 and D28, Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, 4th iteration (CADESI‐04) and pruritus Visual Analog Scale (pVAS) scores were determined by investigators and owners, respectively. Complete blood count, serum biochemistry profiles and cytokine bioassays were performed on serum collected on D0 and D28. Results There was no significant difference in CADESI‐04 from D0 to D14 (p = 0.42) or D28 (p = 0.51) in either group. pVAS scores were significantly lower for the treatment group at D14 (p = 0.04) and D28 (p = 0.01) and a significant change in pVAS from baseline was seen at D14 (p = 0.04) and not D28 (p = 0.054) between groups. There was no significant difference in serum levels of interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, monocyte chemoattractant protein ‐ 1, IL‐31 or IL‐34 between groups at D0 or D28. Elevated alkaline phosphatase was observed in four of 17 treatment group dogs. Conclusions and clinical relevance CBD/CBDA as an adjunct therapy decreased pruritus, and not skin lesions associated with cAD in dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph J. Wakshlag
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - Daniel Bowden
- Animal Dermatology and Allergy Specialists Wayne NJ USA
| | - Jeanine Peters‐Kennedy
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fleck T, Norris L, King V, Lesman S, Gonzales AJ. Speed of onset of a new chewable formulation of oclacitinib maleate (Apoquel®) in a canine model of IL-31-induced pruritus. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2022; 45:380-384. [PMID: 35586953 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oclacitinib maleate (Apoquel®, Zoetis Inc.) is commonly used around the world for the control/treatment of pruritus associated with allergic dermatitis and the control/treatment of atopic dermatitis in dogs at least 12 months of age. A new flavored chewable formulation of oclacitinib has been developed where more than 90% of doses offered to dogs were freely accepted when tested in clinical trials. The objective of this study was to determine whether the new chewable formulation of oclacitinib has a similar onset of anti-pruritic activity as the original oclacitinib film-coated tablets (FCT). Twenty-one laboratory beagle dogs were randomized to treatment and received placebo, 0.4-0.6 mg/kg oclacitinib FCT or 0.4-0.6 mg/kg flavored chewable oclacitinib tablet (n = 7/group). Efficacy was measured by assessing reduction in pruritus 1-3 h post-administration of treatments. Pruritus was induced by injecting canine IL-31, intravenously (2.5 μg/kg), approximately 15 min prior to the pruritus observation window. Results from this study demonstrated both oclacitinib FCT and the flavored chewable oclacitinib tablet significantly reduced IL-31-induced pruritus within 1-3 h post-dosing compared to placebo (p = .0069 and .0113, respectively), suggesting the new formulation of oclacitinib chewable tablets works as quickly to reduce pruritus in dogs as the oclacitinib FCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Fleck
- Veterinary Medicine Research & Development, Zoetis, Inc., Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Lori Norris
- Veterinary Medicine Research & Development, Zoetis, Inc., Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Vickie King
- Veterinary Medicine Research & Development, Zoetis, Inc., Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Steven Lesman
- Veterinary Medicine Research & Development, Zoetis, Inc., Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrea J Gonzales
- Veterinary Medicine Research & Development, Zoetis, Inc., Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pascutti KM, Dolan JK, Porter LT, Gilor S, Harris AN. Case Report: Septic Pericarditis With Achromobacter xyloxidans in an Immunosuppressed Dog. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:884654. [PMID: 35664856 PMCID: PMC9158496 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.884654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 5-year-old female spayed French Bulldog presented for anorexia and increased respiratory rate. On presentation, she was dyspneic with stridor and increased bronchovesicular sounds. Point-of-care ultrasound identified pericardial effusion. Thoracic radiographs identified pleural effusion, a wide cranial mediastinum, and multifocal unstructured interstitial pulmonary opacities. Bloodwork revealed a moderate leukocytosis characterized by a mature neutrophilia with a left shift, hypoalbuminemia, mildly increased alkaline phosphatase activity, and moderate hypokalemia. Thoracic CT findings revealed moderate pericardial and bilateral pleural effusion, mediastinal effusion, and moderate cranial mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Diagnostic thoracocentesis and pericardiocentesis revealed septic exudates with bacilli. Two days later, a median sternotomy and pericardiectomy were performed. Aerobic cultures of the effusions grew Achromobacter xylosoxidans ss deitrificans. The patient was treated with Amoxicillin-clavulanate and enrofloxacin for 12 weeks and clinically fully recovered. Achromobacter xylosoxidans has not been reported as a cause of purulent pericarditis and pyothorax in a dog. Uniquely, this patient is suspected of developing this infection secondary to immunosuppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M. Pascutti
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jacqueline K. Dolan
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostics and Population Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Lauren T. Porter
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Shir Gilor
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostics and Population Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Autumn N. Harris
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
A Comprehensive Overview of Globally Approved JAK Inhibitors. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051001. [PMID: 35631587 PMCID: PMC9146299 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Janus kinase (JAK) is a family of cytoplasmic non-receptor tyrosine kinases that includes four members, namely JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2. The JAKs transduce cytokine signaling through the JAK-STAT pathway, which regulates the transcription of several genes involved in inflammatory, immune, and cancer conditions. Targeting the JAK family kinases with small-molecule inhibitors has proved to be effective in the treatment of different types of diseases. In the current review, eleven of the JAK inhibitors that received approval for clinical use have been discussed. These drugs are abrocitinib, baricitinib, delgocitinib, fedratinib, filgotinib, oclacitinib, pacritinib, peficitinib, ruxolitinib, tofacitinib, and upadacitinib. The aim of the current review was to provide an integrated overview of the chemical and pharmacological data of the globally approved JAK inhibitors. The synthetic routes of the eleven drugs were described. In addition, their inhibitory activities against different kinases and their pharmacological uses have also been explained. Moreover, their crystal structures with different kinases were summarized, with a primary focus on their binding modes and interactions. The proposed metabolic pathways and metabolites of these drugs were also illustrated. To sum up, the data in the current review could help in the design of new JAK inhibitors with potential therapeutic benefits in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
|
21
|
Rynhoud H, Croton C, Henry G, Meler E, Gibson JS, Soares Magalhaes RJ. The effects of oclacitinib treatment on antimicrobial usage in allergic dogs in primary practice: an Australia wide case-control study. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:151. [PMID: 35477466 PMCID: PMC9044603 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03255-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine allergic dermatitis is a common diagnosis in veterinary practices which can lead to secondary infections requiring treatment with antimicrobials. A previous study suggested that dogs treated with oclacitinib in an Australian referral hospital required fewer courses of antimicrobial therapy compared to dogs receiving other anti-pruritic treatments. This study aimed to quantify the effect of oclacitinib treatment on the use of antimicrobials and other therapies in general practice veterinary clinics across Australia. A retrospective case-controlled review of patient records was designed to investigate the number of courses of antimicrobials and other therapies in dogs that received oclacitinib (Apoquel®), compared with those who received an anti-pruritic treatment that was not oclacitinib. RESULTS The target population included canine patients with a presumptive diagnosis of allergic dermatitis presenting between 2008 and 2018 to general practices contributing to the VetCompass Australia database. Patient records of interest were identified using search terms relating to allergic dermatitis, resulting in over 700,000 observations. Multivariable logistic regression models were developed to determine whether cases were prescribed fewer antimicrobial courses than controls, after adjusting for the presence of concurrent skin infections or infectious agents in ears. Our results indicate that fewer antimicrobial courses were prescribed in the cases compared to the controls. After adjusting for the concurrent skin infections, there was a significant reduction in the use of cefovecin [OR:0.62(0.39-0.98), P = 0.043], chlorhexidine [OR:0.57(0.42-0.77), P < 0.001], neomycin [OR:0.4(0.28-0.56), P < 0.001] and amoxycillin clavulanic acid (AMC) [OR: 0.55(0.39-0.78), P = 0.001] in cases compared to controls. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates a potential sparing effect of oclacitinib on the prescription of antimicrobials for the treatment of allergic skin diseases in dogs. This information may assist in the planning of treatment for canine allergic dermatitis, with consideration for antimicrobial stewardship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hester Rynhoud
- UQ Spatial Epidemiology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Veterinary Science Building, Level 2, Room 235, Gatton, Queensland, 4343, Australia
| | - Catriona Croton
- UQ Spatial Epidemiology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Veterinary Science Building, Level 2, Room 235, Gatton, Queensland, 4343, Australia.,Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, School of Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Grace Henry
- UQ Spatial Epidemiology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Veterinary Science Building, Level 2, Room 235, Gatton, Queensland, 4343, Australia
| | - Erika Meler
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, 4343, Australia
| | - Justine S Gibson
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, 4343, Australia
| | - Ricardo J Soares Magalhaes
- UQ Spatial Epidemiology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Veterinary Science Building, Level 2, Room 235, Gatton, Queensland, 4343, Australia. .,Children's Health and Environment Program, UQ Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bruet V, Mosca M, Briand A, Bourdeau P, Pin D, Cochet-Faivre N, Cadiergues MC. Clinical Guidelines for the Use of Antipruritic Drugs in the Control of the Most Frequent Pruritic Skin Diseases in Dogs. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9040149. [PMID: 35448647 PMCID: PMC9030482 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9040149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pruritus is a common clinical sign in many skin disorders and is currently the main complaint in canine dermatology. Pruritic skin diseases can affect the quality of life of dogs and their owners. Several families of antipruritic drugs are available to help control pruritus in dogs. The aim of this review is to help practitioners select the most appropriate symptomatic treatment in the most frequent situations of dermatological pruritus in dogs. The molecules reviewed here are systemic and topical glucocorticoids, antihistamines, ciclosporin, oclacitinib and lokivetmab. A level of evidence (1, 2 or 3) has been established according to a detailed algorithm for each individual study in the literature published between 1990 and March 2021. The guidelines result from evidence grading using the strength of recommendation taxonomy (SoRT) and clinical recommendations using a thorough methodology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Bruet
- Veterinary Dermatology Referral Services, 44100 Nantes, France;
| | - Marion Mosca
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Interactions Cells Environment, UPSP 2016.A104, 69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France; (M.M.); (D.P.)
| | - Amaury Briand
- Department of Dermatology, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (A.B.); (N.C.-F.)
| | - Patrick Bourdeau
- Department of Clinical Sciences, ENVN (Oniris) Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France;
| | - Didier Pin
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Interactions Cells Environment, UPSP 2016.A104, 69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France; (M.M.); (D.P.)
| | - Noëlle Cochet-Faivre
- Department of Dermatology, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (A.B.); (N.C.-F.)
- UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Marie-Christine Cadiergues
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 31076 Toulouse, France
- INFINITy, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, UPS, 31059 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-561-193268
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lecru LA, Combarros D, Moog F, Marinovic L, Kondratjeva J, Amalric N, Pressanti C, Cadiergues MC. Multiplex Cytokine Analyses in Ear Canals of Dogs Suggest Involvement of IL-8 Chemokine in Atopic Otitis and Otodectic Mange—Preliminary Results. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12050575. [PMID: 35268144 PMCID: PMC8909880 DOI: 10.3390/ani12050575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Atopic dermatitis is a form of allergy of genetic origin accompanied by itching, during which the animal more easily develops allergies to environmental factors, usually pollen and dust mites. Among the symptoms, otitis is common. The mechanisms of this disease are still not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the detection ability of inflammatory markers (cytokines and chemokines) in the ear canals of atopic dogs suffering from otitis externa compared to healthy dogs and to dogs with parasitic otitis (inflammatory but not allergic otitis). Therefore, we non-invasively sampled the surface of the ear canals of atopic dogs and compared the amounts of certain cytokines and chemokines with those in similar samples taken from ears of healthy dogs and ears with spontaneous ear mite infestation. It appears that concentrations of IL-8 are significantly higher in atopic ears than in healthy ears. Nevertheless, this difference does not appear to be atopic-specific, since the amount of interleukin-8 (IL-8) also increased in ears infested with mites. Further investigations with a larger number of dogs are now required to confirm these results and possibly to find other biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of canine atopic otitis. Abstract Cutaneous cytokines and chemokines are involved in the pathogenesis of human and canine atopic dermatitis. The aim of the present study was to discriminate cytokine expression in the ear canals of atopic dogs with otitis, dogs with non-allergic inflammatory otitis (otodectic mange) and healthy non-atopic dogs. The ear canals of nine atopic dogs suffering from non-infected otitis externa (n = 14 ears), 10 healthy dogs suffering from otodectic mange (n = 20 ears) and 21 healthy controls (39 ears) were swabbed. The concentrations of a panel of 13 cytokines and chemokines on the aural surface were measured by multiplex analyses (Milliplex Canine Cytokine Panel). In addition, Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index (CADESI)-04 and Otitis Index Score (OTIS3) scores were used to evaluate the overall status of the dogs. The concentration of IL-8 was significantly higher in the ears of atopic dogs and dogs with otodectic mange compared to those of healthy dogs. Significant increases in the levels of IL-10 were also overexpressed in atopic otitis but at lower rates. The concentrations of interleukin(IL)-8 were positively correlated with the OTIS3 hyperplasia score in atopic dogs. Taken together, these results suggest that IL-8 is overexpressed in atopic otitis and otodectic mange and that levels correlate with the otitis severity in atopic dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Line-Alice Lecru
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 31076 Toulouse, France; (L.-A.L.); (D.C.); (F.M.); (L.M.); (J.K.); (C.P.)
| | - Daniel Combarros
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 31076 Toulouse, France; (L.-A.L.); (D.C.); (F.M.); (L.M.); (J.K.); (C.P.)
- INFINITy, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, UPS, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Fabien Moog
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 31076 Toulouse, France; (L.-A.L.); (D.C.); (F.M.); (L.M.); (J.K.); (C.P.)
| | - Lukrecija Marinovic
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 31076 Toulouse, France; (L.-A.L.); (D.C.); (F.M.); (L.M.); (J.K.); (C.P.)
| | - Jevgenija Kondratjeva
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 31076 Toulouse, France; (L.-A.L.); (D.C.); (F.M.); (L.M.); (J.K.); (C.P.)
| | | | - Charline Pressanti
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 31076 Toulouse, France; (L.-A.L.); (D.C.); (F.M.); (L.M.); (J.K.); (C.P.)
| | - Marie Christine Cadiergues
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 31076 Toulouse, France; (L.-A.L.); (D.C.); (F.M.); (L.M.); (J.K.); (C.P.)
- INFINITy, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, UPS, 31059 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-561-193-268
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Denti D, Caldin M, Ventura L, De Lucia M. Prolonged twice-daily administration of oclacitinib for the control of canine atopic dermatitis: a retrospective study of 53 client-owned atopic dogs. Vet Dermatol 2022; 33:149-e42. [PMID: 35014745 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oclacitinib administered at the licensed dose twice daily for two weeks and then once daily as required is recommended for the treatment of atopic dogs. In some cases, the once-daily regimen is insufficient to control the clinical signs. OBJECTIVES To provide preliminary safety and efficacy data on the prolonged twice-daily administration of oclacitinib in atopic dogs. ANIMALS Fifty-three client-owned atopic dogs. METHODS AND MATERIALS The medical records of dogs with atopic dermatitis treated with oclacitinib twice daily for more than two weeks were reviewed retrospectively. Animal details, treatment dose and duration, concurrent diseases, adjunctive medications and possible adverse events were recorded. Treatment efficacy was assessed retrospectively and, when available, the selected blood parameters before and during the treatment were compared. Statistical analyses of the collected data were performed. RESULTS The median treatment duration was 113 days. Excellent-to-good efficacy was observed in 38 dogs (72%), including 24 of 33 dogs that failed to respond to the once-daily regimen. Eight dogs showed a poor response despite the addition of systemic glucocorticoids. Pyoderma, gastrointestinal signs and otitis externa were the most frequent adverse events recorded whilst on treatment. Blood tests performed in 35 dogs showed slightly decreased leucocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil and monocyte counts that remained within the reference ranges in most cases. Three dogs developed hypercholesterolemia. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Prolonged twice-daily administration of oclacitinib generally was well-tolerated and was effective in most of the treated dogs. Regular clinical evaluation and blood tests are advisable for this treatment regimen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Denti
- Dermatology Unit, San Marco Veterinary Clinic and Laboratory, Via dell'Industria 3, Veggiano, 35030, Italy
| | - Marco Caldin
- Pathology Unit, San Marco Veterinary Clinic and Laboratory, Via dell'Industria 3, Veggiano, 35030, Italy
| | - Laura Ventura
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Cesare Battisti 241, Padova, 35121, Italy
| | - Michela De Lucia
- Dermatology Unit, San Marco Veterinary Clinic and Laboratory, Via dell'Industria 3, Veggiano, 35030, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Beirão BCB, Taraciuk AC, Trentin C, Ingberman M, Caron LF, McKenzie C, Stimson WH. Recombinant human interferon-α14 for the treatment of canine allergic pruritic disease in eight dogs. Vet Rec Open 2021; 8:e6. [PMID: 33981440 PMCID: PMC8109859 DOI: 10.1002/vro2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic pruritic diseases are increasingly common in dogs. This group of conditions hampers life quality as pruritus progressively interferes with normal behaviours. Therefore, new treatment modalities for canine allergic pruritic diseases are necessary. While novel drugs have recently reached the market, there is still the need for other therapeutic approaches. Some dogs are refractory even to the newer compounds, and cost is also an important issue for these. Older therapeutic modalities are only moderately successful or have considerable secondary effects, as is the case with glucocorticoids. OBJECTIVES Report on the use of recombinant human interferon-α14 (rhIFN-α14) for the treatment of canine allergic pruritus. Following the experience with a similar compound in the Japanese market, it was expected that rhIFN-α14 could alter the Th1/Th2 disbalance that drives these diseases. METHODS Here, we present an uncontrolled trial in which eight dogs with clinical diagnosis of allergic pruritus were treated with rhIFN-α14, either orally or via subcutaneous injections. Skin condition, microbiota and anti-interferon antibody levels were assessed. RESULTS The parenteral use of interferon induced hypersensitivity in two of the three dogs in which it was used. The oral administration was consistently safe and could reduce signs of the allergic condition in three of the five treated animals. Treatment also altered the skin microbiota, as verified by next-generation sequencing. CONCLUSION The present results indicate that rhIFN-α14 is a viable candidate for the treatment of canine allergic pruritus. Future controlled studies are needed, and the oral route is indicated for further trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Breno C. B. Beirão
- Imunova Análises Biológicas LTDACuritibaBrazil
- Departamento de Patologia BásicaUniversidade Federal do ParanáCuritibaBrazil
| | - Aline C. Taraciuk
- Departamento de Patologia BásicaUniversidade Federal do ParanáCuritibaBrazil
| | - Carolina Trentin
- Veterinary Consultant, Avenida Nossa Senhora de Lourdes,63CuritibaBrazil
| | | | - Luiz F. Caron
- Departamento de Patologia BásicaUniversidade Federal do ParanáCuritibaBrazil
| | | | - William H. Stimson
- ILC Therapeutics Ltd. BiocityScotlandLanarkshireUK
- Immunology DepartmentStrathclyde UniversityGlasgowScotlandUK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Outerbridge CA, Jordan TJ. Current Knowledge on Canine Atopic Dermatitis: Pathogenesis and Treatment. ADVANCES IN SMALL ANIMAL CARE 2021; 2:101-115. [PMID: 35721364 PMCID: PMC9204668 DOI: 10.1016/j.yasa.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A. Outerbridge
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95691, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95691, USA,
| | - Tyler J.M. Jordan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 115 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Boehm TMSA, Klinger CJ, Udraite-Vovk L, Navarro C, Mueller RS. Clinical effects of 2 commercially available diets on canine atopic dermatitis. TIERARZTLICHE PRAXIS. AUSGABE K, KLEINTIERE/HEIMTIERE 2021; 49:256-261. [PMID: 34425605 DOI: 10.1055/a-1543-4743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a common skin disease in dogs. Prior studies were able to determine beneficial effects of essential fatty acids (EFA) on the clinical signs of CAD. The aim of this study was set to evaluate the effects of a newly designed, EFA-enriched diet on the clinical signs of CAD compared to another EFA-enriched diet. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective, randomized, double-blinded study, 31 privately owned dogs with atopic dermatitis received either the control diet (diet A, Hill's Prescription Diet™ d/d™ Salmon & Rice, n = 17) or the test diet (diet B, Veterinary HPM™ Dermatology Support D1, Virbac, n = 14) for 12 weeks. At the beginning of the study as well as after 4, 8 and 12 weeks, skin lesions and pruritus were evaluated via validated scores and the administered medication was documented. At the same time, the dogs' coat quality was evaluated via a distinct scoring system. In both groups, a total of 7 dogs each completed the entire study. RESULTS After 12 weeks, there was a mild improvement in lesion scores, pruritus and coat quality with both diets. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this study, both diets improved the patients' skin lesions pruritus and coat quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ralf S Mueller
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Van Brussel L, Moyaert H, Escalada M, Mahabir SP, Stegemann MR. A masked, randomised clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of lokivetmab compared to saline control in client-owned dogs with allergic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:477-e131. [PMID: 34180084 PMCID: PMC8519066 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Interleukin (IL)‐31 is an important mediator in canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) and also may be dysregulated in other allergic diseases. Hypothesis/Objectives To demonstrate the efficacy and safety of lokivetmab (canine anti‐IL‐31 monoclonal antibody) for treatment of pruritus associated with allergic dermatitis in dogs. Animals Dogs that were at least moderately pruritic with a presumptive diagnosis of allergic dermatitis were enrolled in Portugal, Hungary, France and Germany by 12 primary care practitioners and two veterinary dermatology referral specialists. Methods and materials Dogs were randomised to receive either placebo (saline) or lokivetmab (1.0–3.3 mg/kg) by subcutaneous injection on Day (D)0. Owners evaluated pruritus using a validated Visual Analog Scale (pVAS) daily until D7 and then weekly until D28. The severity of dermatitis was assessed by the investigators using a modified VAS on D0, D7, D14 and D28. Results Beginning at D1, owner‐assessed pVAS least square means were significantly reduced in the treatment group versus the placebo group (57.7% versus 21.8% reduction on D28). For all time points, investigator‐assessed VAS means were significantly reduced in the lokivetmab group versus the placebo group (57.1% versus 20.5% reduction on D28). Overall, the occurrence of adverse health events during the evaluation period was comparable between the two groups. Conclusions and clinical importance Lokivetmab is a safe and efficacious treatment for dogs with allergic dermatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leen Van Brussel
- Zoetis Belgium SA, VMRD, Mercuriusstraat 20, Zaventem, 1930, Belgium
| | - Hilde Moyaert
- Zoetis Belgium SA, VMRD, Mercuriusstraat 20, Zaventem, 1930, Belgium
| | - Monica Escalada
- Zoetis Belgium SA, VMRD, Mercuriusstraat 20, Zaventem, 1930, Belgium
| | - Sean P Mahabir
- Zoetis Inc, VMRD, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, MI, 49007, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rynhoud H, Gibson JS, Meler E, Soares Magalhães RJ. The Association Between the Use of Oclacitinib and Antibacterial Therapy in Dogs With Allergic Dermatitis: A Retrospective Case-Control Study. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:631443. [PMID: 33681331 PMCID: PMC7928369 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.631443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Canine allergic dermatitis, including atopic dermatitis, often requires antibacterial therapy for concurrent infections. Oclacitinib is indicated for treatment of pruritus associated with allergic dermatitis and the clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis in dogs aged ≥12 months. Hypothesis/Objectives: We aimed to determine if there was a quantitative difference in antibacterial use by dogs with allergic dermatitis receiving oclacitinib vs. other anti-pruritic therapies and before vs. after oclacitinib. Animals: In this retrospective case-control study, cases (n = 58) included dogs suffering from allergic dermatitis aged ≥12 months receiving oclacitinib and controls (n = 205) were counterpart dogs treated with other anti-pruritic therapies. Methods: Clinical histories of dogs with allergic dermatitis were collected from a small animal university hospital. Multivariable logistic regression models were developed adjusting for underlying skin or ear conditions to determine whether cases were prescribed fewer antibacterials than controls. Results: The odds of systemic antibacterial usage were lower in cases vs. controls [odds ratio (OR): 0.29 (95% confidence interval 0.12–0.71); P = 0.007]. The odds of amoxycillin clavulanic acid usage (12.5–25 mg/kg orally every 12 h) was lower in cases vs. controls [OR: 0.08 (0.01–0.71); P = 0.024]. Topical antibacterial drug use was reduced overall; however, only the odds of neomycin use was lower in cases vs. controls [OR: 0.3 (0.1–0.89); P = 0.029]. Cases had higher odds of experiencing improvements in allergic dermatitis categories vs. controls [OR: 7.89 (3.26–19.13); P < 0.001]. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Our results suggest that use of oclacitinib to treat allergic dermatitis in dogs is associated with less antibacterial use than other anti-pruritic therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hester Rynhoud
- UQ Spatial Epidemiology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - Justine S Gibson
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - Erika Meler
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - Ricardo J Soares Magalhães
- UQ Spatial Epidemiology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia.,Children Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
REIS BPZCD, ORGE ID, SAMPAIO GLDA, DALTRO SRT, SANTOS RRD, MEIRA CS, SOARES MBP. Mesenchymal Stem cells in the context of canine atopic dermatitis: A Review. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE E PRODUÇÃO ANIMAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-99402122242021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease and has a high frequency among dermatological diseases. The interaction of genetic factors, skin and environmental conditions affect the expression of the disease, developing a complex pathology. Current multimodal treatment has numerous adverse effects and variations in its efficacy and safety, demonstrating the need to develop safe and effective therapeutic resources for patients with CAD. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells, with special characteristics, such as self-renewal, immunomodulatory properties, and de-differentiation, making them useful for several clinical problems. The discovery of the immunosuppressive effect of MSCs on T cells has opened the potential for new perspectives with its use as a therapeutic agent for immune diseases, such as CAD. The scarce number of research using the MSC as a treatment for CAD result in the lack of knowledge about the benefits and possible protocols to be followed for the use of this cell therapy. In this review, we highlighted the clinical studies and potential biological mechanisms of MSC-based cell therapy effects attenuating canine atopic dermatitis compared to conventional treatment, which might lead to a safe improvement of the animal’s clinical condition in a short period without causing adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Cássio Santana MEIRA
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Brazil; University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Interleukin-31, a Potent Pruritus-Inducing Cytokine and Its Role in Inflammatory Disease and in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1290:111-127. [PMID: 33559859 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55617-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Substantial new information has emerged supporting the fundamental role of the cytokine interleukin-31 (IL-31) in the genesis of chronic pruritus in a broad array of clinical conditions. These include inflammatory conditions, such as atopic dermatitis and chronic urticaria, to autoimmune conditions such as dermatomyositis and bullous pemphigoid, to the lymphoproliferative disorders of Hodgkin's disease and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. IL-31 is produced in greatest quantity by T-helper type 2 (Th2) cells and upon release, interacts with a cascade of other cytokines and chemokines to lead to pruritus and to a proinflammatory environment, particularly within the skin. Antibodies which neutralize IL-31 or which block the IL-31 receptor may reduce or eliminate pruritus and may diminish the manifestations of chronic cutaneous conditions associated with elevated IL-31. The role of IL-31 in these various conditions will be reviewed.
Collapse
|
32
|
Shared inflammatory and skin-specific gene signatures reveal common drivers of discoid lupus erythematosus in canines, humans and mice. CURRENT RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 2:41-51. [PMID: 35492392 PMCID: PMC9040131 DOI: 10.1016/j.crimmu.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune skin diseases are complex and are thought to arise from a combination of genetics and environmental exposures, which trigger an ongoing immune response against self-antigens. Companion animals including cats and dogs are known to develop inflammatory skin conditions similar to humans and share the same environment, providing opportunities to study spontaneous disease that encompasses genetic and environmental factors with a One Health approach. A strength of comparative immunology approaches is that immune profiles may be assessed across different species to better identify shared or conserved pathways that might drive inflammation. Here, we performed a comparative study of skin from canine discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) using NanoString nCounter technology. We compared these gene expression patterns to those of human DLE and a mouse model of cutaneous lupus. We found strong interferon signatures, with CXCL10, ISG15, and an S100 gene family member among the highest, most significant DEGs upregulated across species. Cell type analysis revealed marked T-cell and B-cell infiltration. Interestingly, canine DLE samples also recapitulated downregulated skin homeostatic genes observed in human DLE. We conclude that spontaneous DLE in dogs captures many features that are present in human disease and may serve as a more complete model for conducting further genomic and/or transcriptomic studies. Canine DLE lesions express known drivers of pathogenesis including CXCL10, IFNG, FAS. Enrichment of key cell types, including T, B, NK cells, is observed in canine DLE. Canine, mouse and human DLE share similar proinflammatory profiles. Canine DLE exhibits downregulated skin homeostatic and immune regulatory genes.
Collapse
|
33
|
Egbeto IA, Garelli CJ, Piedra-Mora C, Wong NB, David CN, Robinson NA, Richmond JM. Case Series: Gene Expression Analysis in Canine Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada/Uveodermatologic Syndrome and Vitiligo Reveals Conserved Immunopathogenesis Pathways Between Dog and Human Autoimmune Pigmentary Disorders. Front Immunol 2020; 11:590558. [PMID: 33384688 PMCID: PMC7770226 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.590558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (VKH) and vitiligo are autoimmune diseases that target melanocytes. VKH affects several organs such as the skin, hair follicle, eyes, ears, and meninges, whereas vitiligo is often limited to the skin and mucosa. Many studies have identified immune genes, pathways and cells that drive the pathogeneses of VKH and vitiligo, including interleukins, chemokines, cytotoxic T-cells, and other leukocytes. Here, we present case studies of 2 canines with VKH and 1 with vitiligo, which occurred spontaneously in client-owned companion dogs. We performed comparative transcriptomics and immunohistochemistry studies on lesional skin biopsies from these cases in order to determine if the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune responses against melanocytes are conserved. In dogs, we found enrichment of T cell gene signatures, with upregulation of IFNG, TNF, PRF1, IL15, CTSW, CXCL10, and CCL5 in both VKH and vitiligo in dogs compared to healthy controls. Similar findings were reported in humans, suggesting that these genes play a role in the pathogenesis of spontaneous VKH and vitiligo. T cell-associated genes, including FOXP3 and TBX21, were enriched, while IGFBP5, FOXO1, and PECAM1 were decreased compared to healthy controls. Further, we identified TGFB3, SFRP2, and CXCL7 as additional potential drivers of autoimmune pigmentary disorders. Future studies exploring the immunopathogenesis of spontaneous autoimmunity will expand our understanding of these disorders, and will be useful in developing targeted therapies, repurposing drugs for veterinary and human medicine, and predicting disease prognosis and treatment response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ista A Egbeto
- Department of Dermatology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States.,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Colton J Garelli
- Department of Dermatology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Cesar Piedra-Mora
- Pathology Department, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Grafton, MA, United States
| | - Neil B Wong
- Department of Dermatology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | | | - Nicholas A Robinson
- Pathology Department, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Grafton, MA, United States
| | - Jillian M Richmond
- Department of Dermatology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Takahashi J, Kanda S, Imanishi I, Hisano T, Fukamachi T, Taguchi N, Momiyama S, Nishiyama S, Motegi T, Iyori K. Efficacy and safety of 0.0584% hydrocortisone aceponate topical spray and systemic oclacitinib combination therapy in dogs with atopic dermatitis: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Vet Dermatol 2020; 32:119-e25. [PMID: 33185330 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oclacitinib is an effective systemic therapy for dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD). Few studies have evaluated concurrent topical treatment with oclacitinib in dogs. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination therapy of oclacitinib and 0.0584% hydrocortisone aceponate (HCA) spray in dogs with AD. ANIMALS Eighteen dogs with AD. METHODS AND MATERIALS This study was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. All dogs were treated with oclacitinib (0.4-0.6 mg/kg twice daily for 14 days, then once daily for 14 days) and randomized to receive either HCA spray or placebo spray, applied once daily for seven days then every other day through to Day (D)28. Clinical assessments included the Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, 4th iteration (CADESI-4) and the pruritus Visual Analog Scale (PVAS) every seven days, and blood and urine tests every 14 days. RESULTS The mean CADESI-4 and PVAS scores were significantly reduced on D7 and D14 compared to D0 in both groups (P < 0.05). From D14 to D21, CADESI-4 and PVAS scores were significantly increased in the placebo group (P < 0.005), and not in the HCA-treated group. The mean reduction from baseline of the HCA-treated group was significantly higher than that of the placebo group for the PVAS and CADESI-4 on D21 (59.9% versus 27.6%, P = 0.0216) and D28 (56.0% versus 30.5%, P = 0.0109), respectively. One dog in the HCA-treated group was withdrawn as a consequence of developing diarrhoea. CONCLUSION Topical application of 0.0584% HCA spray may be useful for preventing exacerbation of pruritus and clinical lesions when tapering oclacitinib therapy in dogs with AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junko Takahashi
- Noah Animal Hospital, 3-4-15 Joto, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-0861, Japan
| | - Satoko Kanda
- Vet Derm Tokyo, Dermatological and Laboratory Service for Animals, 910 Shoubusawa, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa, 252-0823, Japan
| | - Ichiro Imanishi
- Department of Microbiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hisano
- Smile Animal Hospital, 3-22-21 Maebaranishi, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-0825, Japan
| | - Teruyasu Fukamachi
- Smile Animal Hospital, 3-22-21 Maebaranishi, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-0825, Japan
| | - Norihito Taguchi
- Mori Animal Hospital, 7-5-34 Gokou, Matsudo, Chiba, 270-2213, Japan
| | - Shoko Momiyama
- Nunokawa Animal Hospital, 273 Shimokurata-cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0815, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nishiyama
- Nishiyama Animal Hospital, 1-10-1 Miyazono, Nagareyama, Chiba, 270-0155, Japan
| | - Tomoki Motegi
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Keita Iyori
- Vet Derm Tokyo, Dermatological and Laboratory Service for Animals, 910 Shoubusawa, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa, 252-0823, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Nuttall TJ, Marsella R, Rosenbaum MR, Gonzales AJ, Fadok VA. Update on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of atopic dermatitis in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 254:1291-1300. [PMID: 31067173 DOI: 10.2460/javma.254.11.1291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Improved understanding of the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis in dogs has led to more effective treatment plans, including skin barrier repair and new targeted treatments for management of allergy-associated itch and inflammation. The intent of this review article is to provide an update on the etiologic rationale behind current recommendations that emphasize a multimodal approach for the management of atopic dermatitis in dogs. Increasing knowledge of this complex disease process will help direct future treatment options.
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Hosseini A, Gharibi T, Marofi F, Javadian M, Babaloo Z, Baradaran B. Janus kinase inhibitors: A therapeutic strategy for cancer and autoimmune diseases. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5903-5924. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Hosseini
- Immunology Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabriz Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of MedicineTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabriz Iran
- Student Research CommitteeTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabriz Iran
- Aging Research InstituteTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabriz Iran
| | - Tohid Gharibi
- Immunology Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabriz Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of MedicineTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabriz Iran
- Student Research CommitteeTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabriz Iran
- Aging Research InstituteTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabriz Iran
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Department of Immunology, School of MedicineTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabriz Iran
| | - Mahsa Javadian
- Department of Immunology, School of MedicineTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabriz Iran
| | - Zohreh Babaloo
- Immunology Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabriz Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of MedicineTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabriz Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabriz Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of MedicineTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabriz Iran
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Prelaud P, Laprais A. What Can We Learn from Canine Atopic Dermatitis History? CURRENT DERMATOLOGY REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13671-020-00292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
39
|
Kieslinger M, Swoboda A, Kramer N, Pratscher B, Wolfesberger B, Burgener IA. Companion Animals as Models for Inhibition of STAT3 and STAT5. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11122035. [PMID: 31861073 PMCID: PMC6966487 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11122035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of transgenic mouse models has revolutionized the study of many human diseases. However, murine models are limited in their representation of spontaneously arising tumors and often lack key clinical signs and pathological changes. Thus, a closer representation of complex human diseases is of high therapeutic relevance. Given the high failure rate of drugs at the clinical trial phase (i.e., around 90%), there is a critical need for additional clinically relevant animal models. Companion animals like cats and dogs display chronic inflammatory or neoplastic diseases that closely resemble the human counterpart. Cat and dog patients can also be treated with clinically approved inhibitors or, if ethics and drug safety studies allow, pilot studies can be conducted using, e.g., inhibitors of the evolutionary conserved JAK-STAT pathway. The incidence by which different types of cancers occur in companion animals as well as mechanisms of disease are unique between humans and companion animals, where one can learn from each other. Taking advantage of this situation, existing inhibitors of known oncogenic STAT3/5 or JAK kinase signaling pathways can be studied in the context of rare human diseases, benefitting both, the development of drugs for human use and their application in veterinary medicine.
Collapse
|
40
|
High EJ, Olivry T. Development and validation of a graphic 2D investigator's global assessment instrument for grading the overall severity of atopic dermatitis in dogs. Vet Dermatol 2019; 31:207-e43. [PMID: 31833143 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical trials enrolling dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD) use validated instruments that aggregate the extent and severity of selected skin lesions; none of these provides a global assessment of the severity of all lesions. OBJECTIVES To validate an Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) instrument to globally evaluate the severity of skin lesions in dogs with AD. ANIMALS Forty dogs with AD. METHODS AND MATERIALS A 2D graphic IGA (2D-IGA) instrument was created to subjectively score, with a single dot, the overall extent and severity of all canine AD lesions. This tool was tested for its validity (content, construct and criterion), reliability (inter- and intraobserver) and sensitivity to change. RESULTS The content of the 2D-IGA was first validated by a supportive vote by the International Committee of Allergic Diseases of Animals (ICADA) membership. Its construct was verified by positive correlations between the 2D-IGA scores and those of the Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, 4th iteration (CADESI-04) and the Canine Atopic Dermatitis Lesion Index (CADLI) (Spearman's rank-order correlation, P < 0.0001). The positive correlation (P < 0.0001) between an Owner Global Assessment of Disease Severity (OGADS) and the 2D-IGA indirectly satisfied its criterion. Scores graded by the same investigator hours apart and those between investigators were positively correlated (P < 0.0001), thereby validating this scale's intra- and interobserver reliabilities. Finally, the changes in 2D-IGA values during treatment were correlated positively with scores of an Owner Global Assessment of Treatment Efficacy (OGATE; P < 0.0001), thus showing its sensitivity to change. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE This novel 2D-IGA is a simple static graphic instrument that could be useful for clinical trials testing the efficacy of interventions for canine AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Endya J High
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Barrett LE, Gardner HL, Barber LG, Sadowski A, London CA. Safety and toxicity of combined oclacitinib and carboplatin or doxorubicin in dogs with solid tumors: a pilot study. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:291. [PMID: 31409327 PMCID: PMC6693187 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2032-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oclacitinib is an orally bioavailable Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitor approved for the treatment of canine atopic dermatitis. Aberrant JAK/ Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) signaling within hematologic and solid tumors has been implicated as a driver of tumor growth through effects on the local microenvironment, enhancing angiogenesis, immune suppression, among others. A combination of JAK/STAT inhibition with cytotoxic chemotherapy may therefore result in synergistic anti-cancer activity, however there is concern for enhanced toxicities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety profile of oclacitinib given in combination with either carboplatin or doxorubicin in tumor-bearing dogs. RESULT Oclacitinib was administered at the label dose of 0.4-0.6 mg/kg PO q12h in combination with either carboplatin at 250-300 mg/m2 or doxorubicin at 30 mg/m2 IV q21d. Nine dogs were enrolled in this pilot study (n = 4 carboplatin; n = 5 doxorubicin). No unexpected toxicities occurred, and the incidence of adverse events with combination therapy was not increased beyond that expected in dogs treated with single agent chemotherapy. Serious adverse events included one Grade 4 thrombocytopenia and one Grade 4 neutropenia. No objective responses were noted. CONCLUSIONS Oclacitinib is well tolerated when given in combination with carboplatin or doxorubicin. Future work is needed to explore whether efficacy is enhanced in this setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Barrett
- Cummings School, Tufts University, Foster Hospital for Small Animals, 200 Westboro Rd, N., Grafton, MA, 01536, USA
| | - Heather L Gardner
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa G Barber
- Cummings School, Tufts University, Foster Hospital for Small Animals, 200 Westboro Rd, N., Grafton, MA, 01536, USA
| | - Abbey Sadowski
- Cummings School, Tufts University, Foster Hospital for Small Animals, 200 Westboro Rd, N., Grafton, MA, 01536, USA
| | - Cheryl A London
- Cummings School, Tufts University, Foster Hospital for Small Animals, 200 Westboro Rd, N., Grafton, MA, 01536, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lopes NL, Campos DR, Machado MA, Alves MSR, de Souza MSG, da Veiga CCP, Merlo A, Scott FB, Fernandes JI. A blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the safety of oclacitinib in cats. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:137. [PMID: 31068210 PMCID: PMC6506962 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1893-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oclacitinib is a Janus kinase (JAK) 1 enzyme inhibitor and blocks JAK1-dependent cytokines and is used to control pruritus. Studies available in cats are very limited and as there is a potential role for oclacitinib in the control of pruritus in this specie, the aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and clinical effects of oral oclacitinib maleate in healthy cats. Results Thirty mixed-breed cats weighing from 2.1 to 5.3 kg each were randomly allocated to three treatment groups of 10 animals each. Cats in two groups received oclacitinib at 1 mg/kg or 2 mg/kg q 12 h orally for 28 days. Cats in the third group were given placebo tablets (cornstarch) q 12 h orally for 28 days. Oclacitinib maleate was well tolerated during the study and few adverse events were observed in treated cats. Clinical signs of toxicity were not observed in any animals treated at 1 mg/kg. Gastrointestinal clinical signs observed in the 2 mg/kg group included vomiting in two of the 10 cats and soft stools in two cats. One cat treated with placebo also exhibited soft stools. No significant differences were observed between the groups for hematologic analyses performed during the study. There was a slight increase in neutrophils and monocytes and a decrease in eosinophil mean counts in treated cats. Mean renal and liver enzymes remained normal throughout the entire study. A small, but significant increase in fructosamine levels was observed for both treated groups compared with placebo; however, values remained within the normal reference range. There were no significant difference between treated groups and the placebo group for urine specific gravity, pH, or urine protein to creatinine ratio mean values. Conclusions Oclacitinib maleate was well tolerated by cats at 1 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg and appeared to be safe for this species when administered orally twice daily for 28 days. More studies would be needed to demonstrate if oclacitinib maleate may be a suitable alternative to treat pruritic cats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natália Lôres Lopes
- Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
de Oliveira JK, Williams DL, Bollmann C, de Seabra NM, Bortolini M, Montiani-Ferreira F. Comparative efficacy of topical oclacitinib 0.1% and tacrolimus 0.01% in canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Vet Ophthalmol 2019; 22:633-643. [PMID: 30724448 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of 0.1% oclacitinib as a single agent, and in combination with tacrolimus 0.01%, for the control of ophthalmic signs of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in dogs. ANIMALS STUDIED Thirty-two dogs (57 eyes) diagnosed with idiopathic KCS were included. Inclusion criteria were Schirmer Tear Test 1 (STT-1) values <15 mm/min and concurrent clinical signs such as ocular hyperemia and discharge. PROCEDURES The animals were submitted to a randomized, open-label, 5-week study and divided into 3 treatment groups treated with the following ophthalmic solutions: (a) 0.1% oclacitinib, (b) 0.1% oclacitinib +0.01% tacrolimus, and (c) 0.01% tacrolimus. Eye drops were instilled twice daily (12-hour intervals). At each follow-up examination, STT-1, clinical signs, and potential drug side effects were assessed. RESULTS Oclacitinib did not significantly improve STT-1 values or clinical scores. Tacrolimus alone and in combination with oclacitinib increased mean STT-1 values by 11.84 ± 5.2 and 12.46 ± 5.3 mm/min, respectively (P = 0.0001). Clinical scores of ocular discharge and hyperemia also improved significantly in both groups receiving treatment with tacrolimus (P < 0.05). However, addition of oclacitinib to tacrolimus provided no additional improvement over tacrolimus alone. CONCLUSIONS Topical 0.1% oclacitinib twice daily is not effective in controlling the ocular signs of KCS in dogs. 0.01% tacrolimus increased STT-1 values significantly and could potentially be used as a treatment for mild-to-moderate cases of KCS. Synergism between drugs did not occur, and therefore the use of oclacitinib is not justified in cases of canine KCS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David L Williams
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Camila Bollmann
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Mariza Bortolini
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Montiani-Ferreira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil.,Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, Veterinary Medical Center, East Lansing, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Noli C, Matricoti I, Schievano C. A double‐blinded, randomized, methylprednisolone‐controlled study on the efficacy of oclacitinib in the management of pruritus in cats with nonflea nonfood‐induced hypersensitivity dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2019; 30:110-e30. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Noli
- Servizi Dermatologici Veterinari Strada Bedale della Ressia 2 12016 Peveragno CN Italy
| | - Irina Matricoti
- Servizi Dermatologici Veterinari Via Santo Stefano 168 40125 Bologna Italy
| | - Carlo Schievano
- Dipartimento Biomedicina Comparata ed Alimentazione Università di Padova Viale dell'Università, 16 35020 Legnaro PD Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common inflammatory skin diseases in dogs. The pathogenesis is complex and not completely understood. Many therapeutic options are available; however, because of cost, side effects, or a long lag phase, new compounds are constantly produced. This article provides a comprehensive review of the latest compounds for the treatment of canine AD. In addition, a brief review of new studies on conventional medications is provided. For a successful long-term therapeutic approach, it is important to considerate the status of the disease, as well as the patients' and their owners' needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Santoro
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 Southwest 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Topical Janus kinase inhibitors: A review of applications in dermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol 2018; 79:535-544. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
47
|
Souza CP, Rosychuk RAW, Contreras ET, Schissler JR, Simpson AC. A retrospective analysis of the use of lokivetmab in the management of allergic pruritus in a referral population of 135 dogs in the western USA. Vet Dermatol 2018; 29:489-e164. [PMID: 30141223 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa P. Souza
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science; Colorado State University; 300 West Drake Road Fort Collins CO 80525 USA
| | - Rod A. W. Rosychuk
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science; Colorado State University; 300 West Drake Road Fort Collins CO 80525 USA
| | - Elena T. Contreras
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science; Colorado State University; 300 West Drake Road Fort Collins CO 80525 USA
| | - Jennifer R. Schissler
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science; Colorado State University; 300 West Drake Road Fort Collins CO 80525 USA
| | - Andrew C. Simpson
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science; Colorado State University; 300 West Drake Road Fort Collins CO 80525 USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Olivry T, Bensignor E, Favrot C, Griffin CE, Hill PB, Mueller RS, Plant JD, Williams HC. Development of a core outcome set for therapeutic clinical trials enrolling dogs with atopic dermatitis (COSCAD'18). BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:238. [PMID: 30115047 PMCID: PMC6097451 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1569-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For decades, the efficacy of interventions in clinical trials enrolling dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD) relied on heterogeneous evaluations of skin lesions and pruritus using unvalidated tools. Although some instruments for clinical signs were validated later, there was little impact on standardizing outcome measures resulting in difficulties in comparing treatment efficacy between trials and impeding meta-analyses. RESULTS Participants in the Outcome Measures subcommittee of the International Committee of Allergic Diseases of Animals (ICADA) collaborated for two years to develop a core outcome set (COS) for canine AD, the COSCAD. This project involved several steps, constantly-re-assessed during online exchanges, to define the scope of this COS, to identify the relevant stakeholders, the domains to be evaluated, the instruments available for measuring agreed-upon domains and how to express outcome measures. This COSCAD'18 was designed principally for therapeutic-but not preventive or proactive-clinical trials enrolling dogs with chronic, nonseasonal (perennial), moderate-to-severe AD. Selected domains were skin lesions, pruritus manifestations and perception of treatment efficacy. Instruments to evaluate these domains were the CADESI4 or CADLI, the 10-point pruritus visual analog scale (PVAS10) and the Owner Global Assessment of Treatment Efficacy (OGATE), respectively. The COSCAD'18 has three outcome measures: the percentages of dogs with veterinarian-assessed skin lesions or owner-rated pruritus manifestation scores in the range of normal dogs or those with mild AD; the third is a good-to-excellent global assessment by the pet owners of their perception of treatment efficacy. Importantly, this COSCAD'18 is not meant to represent the sole-or primary-outcome measures evaluated in a trial; authors are always free to add any others, which they deem will best assess the efficacy of tested interventions. Benchmarks to define a threshold for treatment success were not set, as what constitutes a clinically-relevant therapeutic efficacy is expected to vary greatly depending interventions. CONCLUSIONS This COSCAD'18 should help veterinarians and owners compare the benefits of treatments in future trials. This COS should also facilitate the combination of trial results in future systematic reviews, thereby producing more reliable summary estimates of treatment effects and enhancing evidence-based veterinary dermatology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA. .,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Emmanuel Bensignor
- Dermatology for Animals, Rennes, France.,Dermatology for Animals, Paris, France.,Dermatology for Animals, Nantes, France
| | - Claude Favrot
- Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Clinic of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Peter B Hill
- Companion Animal Health Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ralf S Mueller
- Medizinische Kleintierklinik, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Hywel C Williams
- Centre of Evidence-Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham Kings Meadow Campus, Lenton Lane, Nottingham, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
TREATMENT SUCCESS IN THREE ANDEAN BEARS (TREMARCTOS ORNATUS) WITH ALOPECIA SYNDROME USING OCLACITINIB MALEATE (APOQUEL®). J Zoo Wildl Med 2017; 48:818-828. [DOI: 10.1638/2016-0239.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
50
|
Richter KR, Nasr AN, Mexas AM. Cytokine Concentrations Measured by Multiplex Assays in Canine Peripheral Blood Samples. Vet Pathol 2017; 55:53-67. [PMID: 28812527 DOI: 10.1177/0300985817725388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are known to play important roles in a wide range of pathologic conditions spanning all organ systems in every species studied. As our knowledge of the physiology of individual cytokines expands and our ability to measure multiple cytokines in smaller biological samples increases, we gain more insight into the significance and function of each cytokine and the importance of cytokine networks. Previous studies that reported measurements of cytokine concentrations from serum or plasma in dogs with infectious, autoimmune, metabolic, endocrine, and neoplastic diseases yield an appreciation for the complexity of cytokine control and potential applications for cytokine measurements in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of a variety of disease conditions. In this review, we highlight the benefits of multiplex cytokine analysis, summarize clinical and experimental reports that have used this technology in dogs, and discuss the strengths and limitations of data analysis for the interpretation of results in these studies. We describe how differences in technical acuity, data reporting tactics, statistical analysis, study population selection criteria, and cross-sectional experimental design methods may affect interpretation of results from this technology. We also suggest methods for analysis in future studies, such as reporting median fluorescence intensity values, analyzing the proportion of patients above population medians, and performing longitudinal studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen R Richter
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Amirah N Nasr
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Angela M Mexas
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|