1
|
Duman BO, Sariboyaci AE, Karaoz E. Bio-engineering of 3-D cell sheets for diabetic rats: Interaction between mesenchymal stem cells and beta cells in functional islet regeneration system. Tissue Cell 2022; 79:101919. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
2
|
Mooranian A, Jones M, Ionescu CM, Walker D, Wagle SR, Kovacevic B, Chester J, Foster T, Johnston E, Kuthubutheen J, Brown D, Mikov M, Al-Salami H. Artificial Cell Encapsulation for Biomaterials and Tissue Bio-Nanoengineering: History, Achievements, Limitations, and Future Work for Potential Clinical Applications and Transplantation. J Funct Biomater 2021; 12:68. [PMID: 34940547 PMCID: PMC8704355 DOI: 10.3390/jfb12040068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell loss and failure with subsequent deficiency of insulin production is the hallmark of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and late-stage type 2 diabetes (T2D). Despite the availability of parental insulin, serious complications of both types are profound and endemic. One approach to therapy and a potential cure is the immunoisolation of β cells via artificial cell microencapsulation (ACM), with ongoing promising results in human and animal studies that do not depend on immunosuppressive regimens. However, significant challenges remain in the formulation and delivery platforms and potential immunogenicity issues. Additionally, the level of impact on key metabolic and disease biomarkers and long-term benefits from human and animal studies stemming from the encapsulation and delivery of these cells is a subject of continuing debate. The purpose of this review is to summarise key advances in this field of islet transplantation using ACM and to explore future strategies, limitations, and hurdles as well as upcoming developments utilising bioengineering and current clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Armin Mooranian
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (A.M.); (M.J.); (C.M.I.); (D.W.); (S.R.W.); (B.K.); (J.C.); (T.F.); (E.J.)
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Melissa Jones
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (A.M.); (M.J.); (C.M.I.); (D.W.); (S.R.W.); (B.K.); (J.C.); (T.F.); (E.J.)
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Corina Mihaela Ionescu
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (A.M.); (M.J.); (C.M.I.); (D.W.); (S.R.W.); (B.K.); (J.C.); (T.F.); (E.J.)
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Daniel Walker
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (A.M.); (M.J.); (C.M.I.); (D.W.); (S.R.W.); (B.K.); (J.C.); (T.F.); (E.J.)
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Susbin Raj Wagle
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (A.M.); (M.J.); (C.M.I.); (D.W.); (S.R.W.); (B.K.); (J.C.); (T.F.); (E.J.)
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Bozica Kovacevic
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (A.M.); (M.J.); (C.M.I.); (D.W.); (S.R.W.); (B.K.); (J.C.); (T.F.); (E.J.)
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Chester
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (A.M.); (M.J.); (C.M.I.); (D.W.); (S.R.W.); (B.K.); (J.C.); (T.F.); (E.J.)
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Thomas Foster
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (A.M.); (M.J.); (C.M.I.); (D.W.); (S.R.W.); (B.K.); (J.C.); (T.F.); (E.J.)
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Edan Johnston
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (A.M.); (M.J.); (C.M.I.); (D.W.); (S.R.W.); (B.K.); (J.C.); (T.F.); (E.J.)
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | | | - Daniel Brown
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia;
| | - Momir Mikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21101 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (A.M.); (M.J.); (C.M.I.); (D.W.); (S.R.W.); (B.K.); (J.C.); (T.F.); (E.J.)
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Toren E, Burnette KS, Banerjee RR, Hunter CS, Tse HM. Partners in Crime: Beta-Cells and Autoimmune Responses Complicit in Type 1 Diabetes Pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:756548. [PMID: 34691077 PMCID: PMC8529969 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.756548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by autoreactive T cell-mediated destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta-cells. Loss of beta-cells leads to insulin insufficiency and hyperglycemia, with patients eventually requiring lifelong insulin therapy to maintain normal glycemic control. Since T1D has been historically defined as a disease of immune system dysregulation, there has been little focus on the state and response of beta-cells and how they may also contribute to their own demise. Major hurdles to identifying a cure for T1D include a limited understanding of disease etiology and how functional and transcriptional beta-cell heterogeneity may be involved in disease progression. Recent studies indicate that the beta-cell response is not simply a passive aspect of T1D pathogenesis, but rather an interplay between the beta-cell and the immune system actively contributing to disease. Here, we comprehensively review the current literature describing beta-cell vulnerability, heterogeneity, and contributions to pathophysiology of T1D, how these responses are influenced by autoimmunity, and describe pathways that can potentially be exploited to delay T1D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Toren
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - KaLia S. Burnette
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ronadip R. Banerjee
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Chad S. Hunter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Hubert M. Tse
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nelson JM, Saunders CJ, Johnson EC. The Intrinsic Nutrient Sensing Adipokinetic Hormone Producing Cells Function in Modulation of Metabolism, Activity, and Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7515. [PMID: 34299134 PMCID: PMC8307046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
All organisms confront the challenges of maintaining metabolic homeostasis in light of both variabilities in nutrient supplies and energetic costs of different physiologies and behaviors. While all cells are nutrient sensitive, only relative few cells within Metazoans are nutrient sensing cells. Nutrient sensing cells organize systemic behavioral and physiological responses to changing metabolic states. One group of cells present in the arthropods, is the adipokinetic hormone producing cells (APCs). APCs possess intrinsic nutrient sensors and receive contextual information regarding metabolic state through other endocrine connections. APCs express receptors for different hormones which modulate APC physiology and the secretion of the adipokinetic hormone (AKH). APCs are functionally similar to alpha cells in the mammalian pancreas and display a similar physiological organization. AKH release results in both hypertrehalosemia and hyperlipidemia through high affinity binding to the AKH receptor (AKHR). Another hallmark of AKH signaling is heightened locomotor activity, which accompanies starvation and is thought to enhance foraging. In this review, we discuss mechanisms of nutrient sensing and modulation of AKH release. Additionally, we compare the organization of AKH/AKHR signaling in different taxa. Lastly, we consider the signals that APCs integrate as well as recent experimental results that have expanded the functional repertoire of AKH signaling, further establishing this as both a metabolic and stress hormone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Nelson
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA; (J.M.N.); (C.J.S.)
| | - Cecil J. Saunders
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA; (J.M.N.); (C.J.S.)
| | - Erik C. Johnson
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA; (J.M.N.); (C.J.S.)
- Center of Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abdalla MA, Deshmukh H, Atkin S, Sathyapalan T. The potential role of incretin-based therapies for polycystic ovary syndrome: a narrative review of the current evidence. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2021; 12:2042018821989238. [PMID: 33552465 PMCID: PMC7844452 DOI: 10.1177/2042018821989238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that affects women of reproductive age. Metabolic consequences associated with PCOS include, but are not limited to, insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential therapeutic roles of the incretin-based therapies in the management of PCOS. METHODS We performed a systematic search of databases including PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE up to 1 October 2020. We developed a search string of medical subject headings (MeSH) including the terms PCOS, incretin mimetics, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor antagonists (GLP-1 RAs), liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, combined with IR, testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). RESULTS We identified 854 relevant articles and, after the initial screening, eight interventional animal studies, one observational animal study, 14 interventional human studies, two case-control studies and one systematic review were included. These studies showed the potential significant roles of GLP-1 RAs and DPP-4 inhibitors in the management of PCOS, with significant improvements in the metabolic parameters, including substantial weight reduction and improved insulin sensitivity. These agents also improved the hormonal parameters through decreased free androgen and increased SHBG. Moreover, they improved menstrual regularity, increased fertility with enhanced ovulation and pregnancy in obese women with PCOS. CONCLUSION GLP-1 RAs and DPP-4 inhibitors have a promising therapeutic role in PCOS; however, larger clinical trials are needed to establish the role of incretin-based therapies in the management of PCOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Altigani Abdalla
- Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Harshal Deshmukh
- Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Stephen Atkin
- School of Postgraduate Studies and Research, RCSI Medical University of Bahrain, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yaribeygi H, Farrokhi FR, Abdalla MA, Sathyapalan T, Banach M, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. The Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Dipeptydilpeptidase-4 Inhibitors on Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Complications in Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:6518221. [PMID: 34258291 PMCID: PMC8263148 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6518221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists are a class of newly introduced antidiabetic medications that potentially lower blood glucose by several molecular pathways. DPP-4 inhibitors are the other type of novel antidiabetic medications which act by preventing GLP-1 inactivation and thereby increasing the activity levels of GLP-1, leading to more glucose-induced insulin release from islet β-cells and suppression of glucagon release. Most patients with diabetes have concurrent hypertension and cardiovascular disorder. If antihyperglycemic agents can attenuate the risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease, they will amplify their overall beneficial effects. There is conflicting evidence on the cardiovascular benefits of GLP-1R induction in laboratory studies and clinical trials. In this study, we have reviewed the main molecular mechanisms by which GLP-1R induction may modulate the cardiovascular function and the results of cardiovascular outcome clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Farin Rashid Farrokhi
- Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, UK
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tapadia M, Carlessi R, Johnson S, Utikar R, Newsholme P. Lupin seed hydrolysate promotes G-protein-coupled receptor, intracellular Ca 2+ and enhanced glycolytic metabolism-mediated insulin secretion from BRIN-BD11 pancreatic beta cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 480:83-96. [PMID: 30347229 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lupin seed proteins have been reported to exhibit hypoglycaemic effects in animals and humans following oral administration, however little is known about its mechanism of action. This study investigated the signalling pathway(s) responsible for the insulinotropic effect of the hydrolysate obtained from lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) seed extracts utilizing BRIN-BD11 β-cells. The extract was treated with digestive enzymes to give a hydrolysate rich in biomolecules ≤7 kDa. Cells exhibited hydrolysate induced dose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion and enhanced intracellular Ca2+ and glucose metabolism. The stimulatory effect of the hydrolysate was potentiated by depolarizing concentrations of KCl and was blocked by inhibitors of the ATP sensitive K+ channel, Gαq protein, phospholipase C (PLC) and protein kinase C (PKC). These findings reveal a novel mechanism for lupin hydrolysate stimulated insulin secretion via Gαq mediated signal transduction (Gαq/PLC/PKC) in the β-cells. Thus, lupin hydrolysates may have potential for nutraceutical treatment in type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mrunmai Tapadia
- Western Australia School of Mines (WASM): Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Carlessi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute Biosciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia.
| | - Stuart Johnson
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Ranjeet Utikar
- Western Australia School of Mines (WASM): Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Philip Newsholme
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute Biosciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Green AD, Vasu S, Flatt PR. Cellular models for beta-cell function and diabetes gene therapy. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 222. [PMID: 29226587 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is characterized by the destruction and/or relative dysfunction of insulin-secreting beta-cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Consequently, considerable effort has been made to understand the physiological processes governing insulin production and secretion in these cells and to elucidate the mechanisms involved in their deterioration in the pathogenesis of diabetes. To date, considerable research has exploited clonal beta-cell lines derived from rodent insulinomas. Such cell lines have proven to be a great asset in diabetes research, in vitro drug testing, and studies of beta-cell physiology and provide a sustainable, and in many cases, more practical alternative to the use of animals or primary tissue. However, selection of the most appropriate rodent beta cell line is often challenging and no single cell line entirely recapitulates the properties of human beta-cells. The generation of stable human beta-cell lines would provide a much more suitable model for studies of human beta-cell physiology and pathology and could potentially be used as a readily available source of implantable insulin-releasing tissue for cell-based therapies of diabetes. In this review, we discuss the history, development, functional characteristics and use of available clonal rodent beta-cell lines, as well as reflecting on recent advances in the generation of human-derived beta-cell lines, their use in research studies and their potential for cell therapy of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. D. Green
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy & Diabetes; School of Biomedical Sciences; University of Ulster; Coleraine UK
| | - S. Vasu
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy & Diabetes; School of Biomedical Sciences; University of Ulster; Coleraine UK
- Cell Growth and Metabolism Section; Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch; NIDDK; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
| | - P. R. Flatt
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy & Diabetes; School of Biomedical Sciences; University of Ulster; Coleraine UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Khan D, Moffet CR, Flatt PR, Kelly C. Role of islet peptides in beta cell regulation and type 2 diabetes therapy. Peptides 2018; 100:212-218. [PMID: 29412821 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The endocrine pancreas is composed of islets of Langerhans, which secrete a variety of peptide hormones critical for the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Insulin is the primary regulator of glucose and its secretion from beta-cells is tightly regulated in response to physiological demands. Direct cell-cell communication within islets is essential for glucose-induced insulin secretion. Emerging data suggest that islet connectivity is also important in the regulating the release of other islet hormones including glucagon and somatostatin. Autocrine and paracrine signals exerted by secreted peptides within the islet also play a key role. A great deal of attention has focused on classical islet peptides, namely insulin, glucagon and somatostatin. Recently, it has become clear that islets also synthesise and secrete a range of non-classical peptides, which regulate beta-cell function and insulin release. The current review summarises the roles of islet cell connectivity and islet peptide-driven autocrine and paracrine signalling in beta-cell function and survival. The potential to harness the paracrine effects of non-classical islet peptides for the treatment of type 2 diabetes is also briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawood Khan
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, C-TRIC Building, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Glenshane Road, L/Derry, BT47 6SB, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Charlotte R Moffet
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Peter R Flatt
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Catriona Kelly
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, C-TRIC Building, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Glenshane Road, L/Derry, BT47 6SB, Northern Ireland, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vasu S, McGahon MK, Moffett RC, Curtis TM, Conlon JM, Abdel-Wahab YHA, Flatt PR. Esculentin-2CHa(1-30) and its analogues: stability and mechanisms of insulinotropic action. J Endocrinol 2017; 232:423-435. [PMID: 28115493 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-releasing effects, cellular mechanisms of action and anti-hyperglycaemic activity of 10 analogues of esculentin-2CHa lacking the cyclic C-terminal domain (CKISKQC) were evaluated. Analogues of the truncated peptide, esculentin-2CHa(1-30), were designed for plasma enzyme resistance and increased biological activity. Effects of those analogues on insulin release, cell membrane integrity, membrane potential, intracellular Ca2+ and cAMP levels were determined using clonal BRIN-BD11 cells. Their acute effects on glucose tolerance were investigated using NIH Swiss mice. d-Amino acid substitutions at positions 7(Arg), 15(Lys) and 23(Lys) and fatty acid (l-octanoate) attachment to Lys at position 15 of esculentin-2CHa(1-30) conveyed resistance to plasma enzyme degradation whilst preserving insulin-releasing activity. Analogues, [d-Arg7,d-Lys15,d-Lys23]-esculentin-2CHa(1-30) and Lys15-octanoate-esculentin-2CHa(1-30), exhibiting most promising profiles and with confirmed effects on both human insulin-secreting cells and primary mouse islets were selected for further analysis. Using chemical inhibition of adenylate cyclase, protein kinase C or phospholipase C pathways, involvement of PLC/PKC-mediated insulin secretion was confirmed similar to that of CCK-8. Diazoxide, verapamil and Ca2+ omission inhibited insulin secretion induced by the esculentin-2CHa(1-30) analogues suggesting an action on KATP and Ca2+ channels also. Consistent with this, the analogues depolarised the plasma membrane and increased intracellular Ca2+ Evaluation with fluorescent-labelled esculentin-2CHa(1-30) indicated membrane action, with internalisation; however, patch-clamp experiments suggested that depolarisation was not due to the direct inhibition of KATP channels. Acute administration of either analogue to NIH Swiss mice improved glucose tolerance and enhanced insulin release similar to that observed with GLP-1. These data suggest that multi-acting analogues of esculentin-2CHa(1-30) may prove useful for glycaemic control in obesity-diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srividya Vasu
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy & DiabetesSchool of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
| | - Mary K McGahon
- Centre for Experimental MedicineQueens University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - R Charlotte Moffett
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy & DiabetesSchool of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
| | - Tim M Curtis
- Centre for Experimental MedicineQueens University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - J Michael Conlon
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy & DiabetesSchool of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
| | - Yasser H A Abdel-Wahab
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy & DiabetesSchool of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
| | - Peter R Flatt
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy & DiabetesSchool of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu Q, Li X, Li C, Zheng Y, Peng G. 1-Deoxynojirimycin Alleviates Insulin Resistance via Activation of Insulin Signaling PI3K/AKT Pathway in Skeletal Muscle of db/db Mice. Molecules 2015; 20:21700-14. [PMID: 26690098 PMCID: PMC6331926 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) is widely used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus as an inhibitor of intestinal α-glucosidase. However, there are few reports about its effect on insulin sensitivity improvement. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether DNJ decreased hyperglycemia by improving insulin sensitivity. An economical method was established to prepare large amounts of DNJ. Then, db/db mice were treated with DNJ intravenously (20, 40 and 80 mg·kg−1·day−1) for four weeks. Blood glucose and biochemical analyses were conducted to evaluate the therapeutic effects on hyperglycemia and the related molecular mechanisms in skeletal muscle were explored. DNJ significantly reduced body weight, blood glucose and serum insulin levels. DNJ treatment also improved glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance. Moreover, although expressions of total protein kinase B (AKT), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), insulin receptor beta (IR-β), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in skeletal muscle were not affected, GLUT4 translocation and phosphorylation of Ser473-AKT, p85-PI3K, Tyr1361-IR-β and Tyr612-IRS1 were significantly increased by DNJ treatment. These results indicate that DNJ significantly improved insulin sensitivity via activating insulin signaling PI3K/AKT pathway in skeletal muscle of db/db mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingpu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xuan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Cunyu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yunfeng Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Guoping Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cruzat VF, Keane KN, Scheinpflug AL, Cordeiro R, Soares MJ, Newsholme P. Alanyl-glutamine improves pancreatic β-cell function following ex vivo inflammatory challenge. J Endocrinol 2015; 224:261-71. [PMID: 25550445 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-associated diabetes and concomitant inflammation may compromise pancreatic β-cell integrity and function. l-glutamine and l-alanine are potent insulin secretagogues, with antioxidant and cytoprotective properties. Herein, we studied whether the dipeptide l-alanyl-l-glutamine (Ala-Gln) could exert protective effects via sirtuin 1/HUR (SIRT1/HUR) signalling in β-cells, against detrimental responses following ex vivo stimulation with inflammatory mediators derived from macrophages (IMMs). The macrophages were derived from blood obtained from obese subjects. Macrophages were exposed (or not) to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to generate a pro-inflammatory cytokine cocktail. The cytokine profile was determined following analysis by flow cytometry. Insulin-secreting BRIN-BD11 β-cells were exposed to IMMs and then cultured with or without Ala-Gln for 24 h. Chronic insulin secretion, the l-glutamine-glutathione (GSH) axis, and the level of insulin receptor β (IR-β), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), SIRT1/HUR, CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and cytochrome c oxidase IV (COX IV) were evaluated. Concentrations of cytokines, including interleukin 1β (IL1β), IL6, IL10 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in the IMMs, were higher following exposure to LPS. Subsequently, when β-cells were exposed to IMMs, chronic insulin secretion, and IR-β and COX IV levels were decreased, but these effects were partially or fully attenuated by the addition of Ala-Gln. The glutamine-GSH axis and HSP70 levels, which were compromised by IMMs, were also restored by Ala-Gln, possibly due to protection of SIRT1/HUR levels, and a reduction of CHOP expression. Using an ex vivo inflammatory approach, we have demonstrated Ala-Gln-dependent β-cell protection mediated by coordinated effects on the glutamine-GSH axis, and the HSP pathway, maintenance of mitochondrial metabolism and stimulus-secretion coupling essential for insulin release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Fernandes Cruzat
- School of Biomedical SciencesDirectorate of NutritionDietetics and Food Technology, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease - Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 6845
| | - Kevin Noel Keane
- School of Biomedical SciencesDirectorate of NutritionDietetics and Food Technology, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease - Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 6845
| | - Anita Lavarda Scheinpflug
- School of Biomedical SciencesDirectorate of NutritionDietetics and Food Technology, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease - Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 6845
| | - Robson Cordeiro
- School of Biomedical SciencesDirectorate of NutritionDietetics and Food Technology, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease - Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 6845
| | - Mario J Soares
- School of Biomedical SciencesDirectorate of NutritionDietetics and Food Technology, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease - Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 6845
| | - Philip Newsholme
- School of Biomedical SciencesDirectorate of NutritionDietetics and Food Technology, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease - Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 6845
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Huang Y, Chang Y. Regulation of pancreatic islet beta-cell mass by growth factor and hormone signaling. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2014; 121:321-49. [PMID: 24373242 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800101-1.00010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction and destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells is a hallmark of diabetes. Better understanding of cellular signals in beta cells will allow development of therapeutic strategies for diabetes, such as preservation and expansion of beta-cell mass and improvement of beta-cell function. During the past several decades, the number of studies analyzing the molecular mechanisms, including growth factor/hormone signaling pathways that impact islet beta-cell mass and function, has increased exponentially. Notably, somatolactogenic hormones including growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and their receptors (GHR, PRLR, and IGF-1R) are critically involved in beta-cell growth, survival, differentiation, and insulin secretion. In this chapter, we focus more narrowly on GH, PRL, and IGF-1 signaling, and GH-IGF-1 cross talk. We also discuss how these signaling aspects contribute to the regulation of beta-cell proliferation and apoptosis. In particular, our novel findings of GH-induced formation of GHR-JAK2-IGF-1R protein complex and synergistic effects of GH and IGF-1 on beta-cell signaling, proliferation, and antiapoptosis lead to a new concept that IGF-1R may serve as a proximal component of GH/GHR signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Yongchang Chang
- Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cell electrofusion using nanosecond electric pulses. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3382. [PMID: 24287643 PMCID: PMC3843160 DOI: 10.1038/srep03382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrofusion is an efficient method for fusing cells using short-duration high-voltage electric pulses. However, electrofusion yields are very low when fusion partner cells differ considerably in their size, since the extent of electroporation (consequently membrane fusogenic state) with conventionally used microsecond pulses depends proportionally on the cell radius. We here propose a new and innovative approach to fuse cells with shorter, nanosecond (ns) pulses. Using numerical calculations we demonstrate that ns pulses can induce selective electroporation of the contact areas between cells (i.e. the target areas), regardless of the cell size. We then confirm experimentally on B16-F1 and CHO cell lines that electrofusion of cells with either equal or different size by using ns pulses is indeed feasible. Based on our results we expect that ns pulses can improve fusion yields in electrofusion of cells with different size, such as myeloma cells and B lymphocytes in hybridoma technology.
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Molecular Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance in Diabetes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 771:240-51. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5441-0_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
17
|
Usaj M, Kanduser M. The Systematic Study of the Electroporation and Electrofusion of B16-F1 and CHO Cells in Isotonic and Hypotonic Buffer. J Membr Biol 2012; 245:583-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-012-9470-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
18
|
Ma F, Wei Z, Shi C, Gan Y, Lu J, Frank SJ, Balducci J, Huang Y. Signaling cross talk between growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in pancreatic islet β-cells. Mol Endocrinol 2011; 25:2119-33. [PMID: 22034225 DOI: 10.1210/me.2011-1052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction and destruction of pancreatic islet β-cells is a hallmark of diabetes. Better understanding of cell signals regulating β-cell growth and antiapoptosis will allow development of therapeutic strategies for diabetes by preservation and expansion of β-cell mass. GH and IGF-I share a complicated physiological relationship and have both been implicated in β-cell function. GH and IGF-I exert their biological effects through binding to respective receptors (GHR and IGF-IR) and subsequently engaging downstream signaling pathways. However, their collaborative roles in modulation of β-cell mass and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that cultured β-cells are appealing systems for investigating potential GH-IGF-I signaling cross talk. We uncover that GH specifically promotes formation of a protein complex containing GHR, Janus kinase 2 (a nonreceptor kinase coupled to GH/GHR signaling), and IGF-IR. More importantly, GH and IGF-I synergistically activate both signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 and Akt pathways. Concomitantly, β-cells proliferate more robustly and are better protected from serum deprivation-induced apoptosis when exposed to GH and IGF-I in combination vs. GH or IGF-I alone. The augmented proliferative effects by GH and IGF-I are confirmed in isolated islets. Taken together, our findings strongly suggest that there exists a novel signaling relationship between GH/GHR and IGF-I/IGF-IR systems in β-cells, i.e. IGF-IR may serve as a proximal component of GH/GHR signaling, contributing to enhancement of β-cell mass and function. In support of this, IGF-IR knockdown in β-cells resulted in the desensitization of acute GH-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanxin Ma
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kemna EWM, Wolbers F, Vermes I, van den Berg A. On chip electrofusion of single human B cells and mouse myeloma cells for efficient hybridoma generation. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:3138-46. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
20
|
Kelly C, Flatt CCS, McClenaghan NH. Stem cell-based approaches for the treatment of diabetes. Stem Cells Int 2011; 2011:424986. [PMID: 21716654 PMCID: PMC3116622 DOI: 10.4061/2011/424986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes and the associated debilitating complications are increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. Current therapies for type 1 diabetes focus primarily on administration of exogenous insulin to help restore glucose homeostasis. However, such treatment rarely prevents the long-term complications of this serious metabolic disorder, including neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular disease. Whole pancreas or islet transplantations have enjoyed limited success in some individuals, but these approaches are hampered by the shortage of suitable donors and the burden of lifelong immunosuppression. Here, we review current approaches to differentiate nonislet cell types towards an islet-cell phenotype which may be used for larger-scale cell replacement strategies. In particular, the differentiation protocols used to direct embryonic stem cells, progenitor cells of both endocrine and nonendocrine origin, and induced pluripotent stem cells towards an islet-cell phenotype are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catriona Kelly
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy & Diabetes, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Guinamard R, Sallé L, Simard C. The non-selective monovalent cationic channels TRPM4 and TRPM5. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 704:147-71. [PMID: 21290294 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-0265-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) proteins are non-selective cationic channels with a consistent Ca(2+)-permeability, except for TRPM4 and TRPM5 that are not permeable to this ion. However, Ca(2+) is a major regulator of their activity since both channels are activated by a rise in internal Ca(2+). Thus TRPM4 and TRPM5 are responsible for most of the Ca(2+)-activated non-selective cationic currents (NSC(Ca)) recorded in a large variety of tissues. Their activation induces cell-membrane depolarization that modifies the driving force for ions as well as activity of voltage gated channels and thereby strongly impacts cell physiology. In the last few years, the ubiquitously expressed TRPM4 channel has been implicated in insulin secretion, the immune response, constriction of cerebral arteries, the activity of inspiratory neurons and cardiac dysfunction. Conversely, TRPM5 whose expression is more restricted, has until now been mainly implicated in taste transduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Guinamard
- Groupe Cœur et Ischémie, EA 3212, Université de Caen, Sciences D, F-14032, Caen Cedex, France,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
McKiney JM, Irwin N, Flatt PR, Bailey CJ, McClenaghan NH. Acute and long-term effects of metformin on the function and insulin secretory responsiveness of clonal β-cells. Biol Chem 2010; 391:1451-9. [DOI: 10.1515/bc.2010.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Functional effects of acute and prolonged (48 h) exposure to the biguanide drug metformin were examined in the clonal pancreatic β-cell line, BRIN-BD11. Effects of metformin on prolonged exposure to excessive increased concentrations of glucose and palmitic acid were also assessed. In acute 20-min incubations, 12.5–50 μm metformin did not alter basal (1.1 mm glucose) or glucose-stimulated (16.7 mm glucose) insulin secretion. However, higher concentrations of metformin (100–1000 μm) increased (1.3–1.5-fold; p<0.001) insulin release at basal glucose concentrations, but had no effect on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. There were no apparent acute effects of metformin on intracellular Ca2+ concentrations, but metformin enhanced (p<0.05 to p<0.01) the acute insulinotropic actions of GIP and GLP-1. Exposure for 48 h to 200 μm metformin improved aspects of β-cell insulin secretory function, whereas these benefits were lost at 1 mm metformin. Prolonged glucotoxic and lipotoxic conditions impaired β-cell viability and insulin release in response to glucose and to a broad range of insulin secretagogues. Concomitant culture with 200 μm metformin partially reversed many of the adverse effects of prolonged glucotoxic conditions. However, there were no beneficial effects of metformin under prolonged culture with elevated concentrations of palmitic acid. The results suggest that metformin exerts direct effects on β-cell viability, function and survival that could contribute to the use of this agent in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
|
23
|
Arachidonic acid actions on functional integrity and attenuation of the negative effects of palmitic acid in a clonal pancreatic β-cell line. Clin Sci (Lond) 2010; 120:195-206. [PMID: 20840078 PMCID: PMC2990202 DOI: 10.1042/cs20100282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure of pancreatic β-cells to saturated non-esterified fatty acids can lead to inhibition of insulin secretion and apoptosis. Several previous studies have demonstrated that saturated fatty acids such as PA (palmitic acid) are detrimental to β-cell function compared with unsaturated fatty acids. In the present study, we describe the effect of the polyunsaturated AA (arachidonic acid) on the function of the clonal pancreatic β-cell line BRIN-BD11 and demonstrate AA-dependent attenuation of PA effects. When added to β-cell incubations at 100 μM, AA can stimulate cell proliferation and chronic (24 h) basal insulin secretion. Microarray analysis and/or real-time PCR indicated significant AA-dependent up-regulation of genes involved in proliferation and fatty acid metabolism [e.g. Angptl (angiopoietin-like protein 4), Ech1 (peroxisomal Δ3,5,Δ2,4-dienoyl-CoA isomerase), Cox-1 (cyclo-oxygenase-1) and Cox-2, P<0.05]. Experiments using specific COX and LOX (lipoxygenase) inhibitors demonstrated the importance of COX-1 activity for acute (20 min) stimulation of insulin secretion, suggesting that AA metabolites may be responsible for the insulinotropic effects. Moreover, concomitant incubation of AA with PA dose-dependently attenuated the detrimental effects of the saturated fatty acid, so reducing apoptosis and decreasing parameters of oxidative stress [ROS (reactive oxygen species) and NO levels] while improving the GSH/GSSG ratio. AA decreased the protein expression of iNOS (inducible NO synthase), the p65 subunit of NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) and the p47 subunit of NADPH oxidase in PA-treated cells. These findings indicate that AA has an important regulatory and protective β-cell action, which may be beneficial to function and survival in the ‘lipotoxic’ environment commonly associated with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
|
24
|
Mel M, Karim MIA, Yusuf SAM, Hashim YZHY, Ahmad Nor Y. Comparing BRIN-BD11 culture producing insulin using different type of microcarriers. Cytotechnology 2010; 62:423-30. [PMID: 20953703 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-010-9294-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This research was conducted to examine the growth profile, growth kinetics, and insulin-secretory responsiveness of BRIN-BD11 cells grown in optimized medium on different types of microcarriers (MCs). Comparisons were made on modified polystyrene (Hillex(®) II) and crosslinked polystyrene Plastic Plus (PP) from Solohill Engineering. The cell line producing insulin was cultured in a 25 cm(2) T-flask as control while MCs based culture was implemented in a stirred tank bioreactor with 1 L working volume. For each culture type, the viable cell number, glucose, lactate, glutamate, and insulin concentrations were measured and compared. Maximum viable cell number was obtained at 1.47 × 10(5) cell/mL for PP microcarrier (PPMCs) culture, 1.35 × 10(5) cell/mL Hillex(®) II (HIIMCs) culture and 0.95 × 10(5) cell/mL for T-flask culture, respectively. The highest insulin concentration has been produced in PPMCs culture (5.31 mg/L) compared to HIIMCs culture (2.01 mg/L) and T-flask culture (1.99 mg/L). Therefore overall observation suggested that PPMCs was likely preferred to be used for BRIN-BD11 cell culture as compared with Hillex(®) II MCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maizirwan Mel
- Bioprocess and Molecular Engineering Research Unit, Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, P.O. Box 10, 50728, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Guinamard R, Demion M, Launay P. Physiological roles of the TRPM4 channel extracted from background currents. Physiology (Bethesda) 2010; 25:155-64. [PMID: 20551229 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00004.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium-activated nonselective cationic currents have been known for 30 years, but their physiological implications have remained unresolved until the recent cloning of the TRPM4 ion channel. Since then, TRPM4 has been identified as a key modulator of numerous calcium-dependent mechanisms such as the immune response, insulin secretion, cerebral artery constriction, respiratory rhythm, and cardiac conduction.
Collapse
|
26
|
Nutrient regulation of insulin secretion and beta-cell functional integrity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 654:91-114. [PMID: 20217496 DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-3271-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic beta-cells are often referred to as "fuel sensors" as they continually monitor and respond to dietary nutrients, under the modulation of additional neurohormonal signals, in order to secrete insulin to best meet the needs of the organism. beta-cell nutrient sensing requires metabolic activation, resulting in production of stimulus-secretion coupling signals that promote insulin biosynthesis and release. The primary stimulus for insulin secretion is glucose, and islet beta-cells are particularly responsive to this important nutrient secretagogue, It is important to consider individual effects of different classes of nutrient or other physiological or pharmacological agents on metabolism and insulin secretion. However, given that beta-cells are continually exposed to a complex milieu of nutrients and other circulating factors, it is important to also acknowledge and examine the interplay between glucose metabolism and that of the two other primary nutrient classes, the amino acids and fatty acids. It is the mixed nutrient sensing and outputs of glucose, amino and fatty acid metabolism that generate the metabolic coupling factors (MCFs) involved in signaling for insulin exocytosis. Primary MCFs in the beta-cell include ATP, NADPH, glutamate, long chain acyl-CoA and diacylglycerol and are discussed in detail in this article.
Collapse
|
27
|
Martin FPJ, Sprenger N, Yap IKS, Wang Y, Bibiloni R, Rochat F, Rezzi S, Cherbut C, Kochhar S, Lindon JC, Holmes E, Nicholson JK. Panorganismal gut microbiome-host metabolic crosstalk. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:2090-105. [PMID: 19281268 DOI: 10.1021/pr801068x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Coevolution shapes interorganismal crosstalk leading to profound and diverse cellular and metabolic changes as observed in gut dysbiosis in human diseases. Here, we modulated a simplified gut microbiota using pro-, pre-, and synbiotics to assess the depth of systemic metabolic exchanges in mice, using a multicompartmental modeling approach with metabolic signatures from 10 tissue/fluid compartments. The nutritionally induced microbial changes modulated host lipid, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolism at a panorganismal scale. Galactosyl-oligosaccharides reduced lipogenesis, triacylglycerol incorporation into lipoproteins and triglyceride concentration in the liver and the kidney. Those changes were not correlated with decreased plasma lipoproteins that were specifically induced by L. rhamnosus supplementation. Additional alteration of transmethylation metabolic pathways (homocysteine-betaine) was observed in the liver and the pancreas following pre- and synbiotic microbial modulation, which may be of interest for control of glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Probiotics also reduced hepatic glycogen and glutamine and adrenal ascorbate with inferred effects on energy homeostasis, antioxidation, and steroidogenesis. These studies show the breadth and the depth of gut microbiome modulations of host biochemistry and reveal that major mammalian metabolic processes are under symbiotic homeostatic control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francois-Pierre J Martin
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Overexpression of the malate-aspartate NADH shuttle member Aralar1 in the clonal beta-cell line BRIN-BD11 enhances amino-acid-stimulated insulin secretion and cell metabolism. Clin Sci (Lond) 2009; 117:321-30. [PMID: 19344310 PMCID: PMC2782311 DOI: 10.1042/cs20090126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we have investigated the effects of the transduction with recombinant adenovirus AdCA-Aralar1 (aspartate–glutamate carrier 1) on the metabolism, function and secretory properties of the glucose- and amino-acid-responsive clonal insulin-secreting cell line BRIN-BD11. Aralar1 overexpression increased long-term (24 h) and acute (20 min) glucose- and amino-acid-stimulated insulin secretion, cellular glucose metabolism, L-alanine and L-glutamine consumption, cellular ATP and glutamate concentrations, and stimulated glutamate release. However, cellular triacylglycerol and glycogen contents were decreased as was lactate production. These findings indicate that increased malate–aspartate shuttle activity positively shifted β-cell metabolism, thereby increasing glycolysis capacity, stimulus–secretion coupling and, ultimately, enhancing insulin secretion. We conclude that Aralar1 is a key metabolic control site in insulin-secreting cells.
Collapse
|
29
|
Prolonged L-alanine exposure induces changes in metabolism, Ca2+ handling and desensitization of insulin secretion in clonal pancreatic β-cells. Clin Sci (Lond) 2009; 116:341-51. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20080138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute insulin-releasing actions of amino acids have been studied in detail, but comparatively little is known about the β-cell effects of long-term exposure to amino acids. The present study examined the effects of prolonged exposure of β-cells to the metabolizable amino acid L-alanine. Basal insulin release or cellular insulin content were not significantly altered by alanine culture, but acute alanine-induced insulin secretion was suppressed by 74% (P<0.001). Acute stimulation of insulin secretion with glucose, KCl or KIC (2-oxoisocaproic acid) following alanine culture was not affected. Acute alanine exposure evoked strong cellular depolarization after control culture, whereas AUC (area under the curve) analysis revealed significant (P<0.01) suppression of this action after culture with alanine. Compared with control cells, prior exposure to alanine also markedly decreased (P<0.01) the acute elevation of [Ca2+]i (intracellular [Ca2+]) induced by acute alanine exposure. These diminished stimulatory responses were partially restored after 18 h of culture in the absence of alanine, indicating reversible amino-acid-induced desensitization. 13C NMR spectra revealed that alanine culture increased glutamate labelling at position C4 (by 60%; P<0.01), as a result of an increase in the singlet peak, indicating increased flux through pyruvate dehydrogenase. Consistent with this, protein expression of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases PDK2 and PDK4 was significantly reduced. This was accompanied by a decrease in cellular ATP (P<0.05), consistent with diminished insulin-releasing actions of this amino acid. Collectively, these results illustrate the phenomenon of β-cell desensitization by amino acids, indicating that prolonged exposure to alanine can induce reversible alterations to metabolic flux, Ca2+ handling and insulin secretion.
Collapse
|
30
|
Cole NW, Weaver KR, Walcher BN, Adams ZF, Miller RR. Hyperglycemia-induced membrane lipid peroxidation and elevated homocysteine levels are poorly attenuated by exogenous folate in embryonic chick brains. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2008; 150:338-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Revised: 04/07/2008] [Accepted: 04/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
31
|
Bibliography. Current world literature. Growth and development. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2008; 15:79-101. [PMID: 18185067 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e3282f4f084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
32
|
. MH, . SPMB, . MSB, . AMA, . NMM, . KS. Evaluation of the Insulinotrophic Activity of Malaysian Traditional Plants Extract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2008.201.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|