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Duane D, Freeman S, Freeman L. Moonlight-driven biological choruses in Hawaiian coral reefs. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299916. [PMID: 38507354 PMCID: PMC10954159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Sounds from fish and invertebrates in coral reefs can create persistent cacophonies that can be recorded for ecosystem monitoring, including during nighttime hours where visual surveys are typically not feasible. Here we use soundscape measurements in Hawaii to demonstrate that multiple coral reef communities are rapidly responsive to shifts in nighttime ambient light, with sustained changes in biological sound between moonrise and moonset. High frequency pulse train sounds from fish (0.5-1.5 kHz) are found to increase during moonlight hours, while low frequency fish vocalizations (0.1-0.3 kHz) and invertebrate sounds (2-20 kHz) are found to decrease during moonlight hours. These discoveries suggest that the rising and setting of the moon triggers regular shifts in coral reef ecosystem interactions. Future acoustic monitoring of reef health may be improved by comparing soundscapes during moonlight and non-moonlight hours, which may provide early indicators of shifts in the relative abundance of separate reef communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Duane
- Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Simon Freeman
- Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Lauren Freeman
- Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, Rhode Island, United States of America
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2
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Romagosa M, Nieukirk S, Cascão I, Marques TA, Dziak R, Royer JY, O'Brien J, Mellinger DK, Pereira A, Ugalde A, Papale E, Aniceto S, Buscaino G, Rasmussen M, Matias L, Prieto R, Silva MA. Fin whale song evolution in the North Atlantic. eLife 2024; 13:e83750. [PMID: 38192202 PMCID: PMC10776088 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal songs can change within and between populations as the result of different evolutionary processes. When these processes include cultural transmission, the social learning of information or behaviours from conspecifics, songs can undergo rapid evolutions because cultural novelties can emerge more frequently than genetic mutations. Understanding these song variations over large temporal and spatial scales can provide insights into the patterns, drivers and limits of song evolution that can ultimately inform on the species' capacity to adapt to rapidly changing acoustic environments. Here, we analysed changes in fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) songs recorded over two decades across the central and eastern North Atlantic Ocean. We document a rapid replacement of song INIs (inter-note intervals) over just four singing seasons, that co-occurred with hybrid songs (with both INIs), and a clear geographic gradient in the occurrence of different song INIs during the transition period. We also found gradual changes in INIs and note frequencies over more than a decade with fin whales adopting song changes. These results provide evidence of vocal learning in fin whales and reveal patterns of song evolution that raise questions on the limits of song variation in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Romagosa
- Institute of Marine Sciences - OKEANOS & Institute of Marine Research - IMAR, University of the AzoresHortaPortugal
| | - Sharon Nieukirk
- Cooperative Institute for Marine Ecosystem and Resources Studies, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Irma Cascão
- Institute of Marine Sciences - OKEANOS & Institute of Marine Research - IMAR, University of the AzoresHortaPortugal
| | - Tiago A Marques
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUnited Kingdom
- Centro de Estatística e Aplicações, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Robert Dziak
- NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Hatfield Marine Science CenterCorvallisUnited States
| | - Jean-Yves Royer
- CNRS - UBO - UBS - Ifremer, IUEM - Lab. Geo-OceanPlouzaneFrance
| | - Joanne O'Brien
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre (MFRC), Atlantic Technological UniversityGalwayIreland
| | - David K Mellinger
- Cooperative Institute for Marine Ecosystem and Resources Studies, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Andreia Pereira
- Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Universidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | | | - Elena Papale
- Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in the Marine Environment of the National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IAS)Torretta GranitolaItaly
| | | | - Giuseppa Buscaino
- Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in the Marine Environment of the National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IAS)Torretta GranitolaItaly
| | | | - Luis Matias
- Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Universidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Rui Prieto
- Institute of Marine Sciences - OKEANOS & Institute of Marine Research - IMAR, University of the AzoresHortaPortugal
| | - Mónica A Silva
- Institute of Marine Sciences - OKEANOS & Institute of Marine Research - IMAR, University of the AzoresHortaPortugal
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3
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Kügler A, Lammers MO, Pack AA, Tenorio-Hallé L, Thode AM. Diel spatio-temporal patterns of humpback whale singing on a high-density breeding ground. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:230279. [PMID: 38269074 PMCID: PMC10805604 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Humpback whale song chorusing dominates the marine soundscape in Hawai'i during winter months, yet little is known about spatio-temporal habitat use patterns of singers. We analysed passive acoustic monitoring data from five sites off Maui and found that ambient noise levels associated with song chorusing decreased during daytime hours nearshore but increased offshore. To resolve whether these changes reflect a diel offshore-onshore movement or a temporal difference in singing activity, data from 71 concurrently conducted land-based theodolite surveys were analysed. Non-calf pods (n = 3082), presumably including the majority of singers, were found further offshore with increasing time of the day. Separately, we acoustically localized 217 nearshore singers using vector-sensors. During the day, distances to shore and minimum distances among singers increased, and singers switched more between being stationary and singing while travelling. Together, these findings suggest that the observed diel trends in humpback whale chorusing off Maui represent a pattern of active onshore-offshore movement of singers. We hypothesize that this may result from singers attempting to reduce intraspecific acoustic masking when densities are high nearshore and avoidance of a loud, non-humpback, biological evening chorus offshore, creating a dynamic of movement of singers aimed at increasing the efficiency of their acoustic display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Kügler
- University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Bioacoustics and Behavioral Ecology Lab, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Oceanwide Science Institute, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Marc O. Lammers
- Oceanwide Science Institute, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary, Kīhei, HI, USA
| | - Adam A. Pack
- University of Hawai‘i at Hilo, Hilo, HI, USA
- The Dolphin Institute, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - Ludovic Tenorio-Hallé
- Marine Physical Laboratory, Scripps Institute of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Aaron M. Thode
- Marine Physical Laboratory, Scripps Institute of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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4
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Mahale VP, Chanda K, Chakraborty B, Salkar T, Sreekanth GB. Biodiversity assessment using passive acoustic recordings from off-reef location-Unsupervised learning to classify fish vocalization. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 153:1534. [PMID: 37002105 DOI: 10.1121/10.0017248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We present the quantitative characterization of Grande Island's off-reef acoustic environment within the Zuari estuary during the pre-monsoon period. Passive acoustic recordings reveal prominent fish choruses. Detailed characteristics of the call employing oscillograms and individual fish call parameters of the segmented data include vocal groups such as Sciaenidae, Terapon theraps, and planktivorous as well as invertebrate sounds, e.g., snapping shrimp. We calculated biodiversity parameters (i) Acoustic Evenness Index (AEI), (ii) Acoustic Complexity Index (ACI), and mean sound pressure level (SPLrms) for three frequency bands such as full band (50-22 050 Hz), the low-frequency fish band (100-2000 Hz), and the high-frequency shrimp band (2000-20 000 Hz). Here, ACI and AEI metrics characterize the location's soundscape data effectively indicating increased biodiversity of fish species for both the low-frequency and high-frequency bands. Whereas variations for SPLrms are prominent for three frequency bands. Moreover, we employ unsupervised classification through a hybrid technique comprising principal component analysis (PCA) and K-means clustering for data features of four fish sound types. Employed PCA for dimensionality reduction and related K-means clustering successfully provides 96.20%, 76.81%, 100.00%, and 86.36% classification during the dominant fish chorus. Overall, classification performance (89.84%) is helpful in the real-time monitoring of the fish stocks in the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudev P Mahale
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, India
| | - Kranthikumar Chanda
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, India
| | - Bishwajit Chakraborty
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, India
| | - Tejas Salkar
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, India
| | - G B Sreekanth
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Old-Goa, Goa 403 402, India
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5
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Minier L, Raick X, Gairin E, Maueau T, Sturny V, Blin E, Parmentier E, Bertucci F, Lecchini D. 'Habitat-associated soundscape' hypothesis tested on several coral reefs within a lagoon (Bora-Bora Island, French Polynesia). MARINE BIOLOGY 2023; 170:61. [PMID: 37089665 PMCID: PMC10108810 DOI: 10.1007/s00227-023-04206-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Coral reefs encompass different habitats that have their own living communities. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that these different kinds of habitats were characterized by specific soundscapes. Within the lagoon of Bora-Bora, acoustic recordings and visual surveys of substrate type and fish communities were conducted on four reef sites belonging to the three main geomorphological habitats (fringing reef, channel reef, barrier reef) from February to April 2021. Two acoustic parameters were measured for each site and month, during the day and at night: the peak frequency (Fpeak, in Hz) and the corresponding power spectral density (PSDpeak, in dB re 1 µPa2 Hz-1). Our results showed that each geomorphological unit could be characterized by these two parameters and therefore had a specific acoustic signature. Moreover, our study showed that a higher living coral cover was significantly positively correlated with Fpeak in the low-frequency band (50-2000 Hz) during day-time. Although biodiversity indices based on visual surveys did not differ significantly, fish communities and soundscapes were significantly different between sites. Overall, our study underlines the importance of passive acoustics in coral reef monitoring as soundscapes are habitat specific. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00227-023-04206-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Minier
- PSL University, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, UAR 3278 CRIOBE, Moorea, French Polynesia
- Laboratoire d’Excellence « CORAIL », Perpignan, France
| | - Xavier Raick
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, FOCUS, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Emma Gairin
- PSL University, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, UAR 3278 CRIOBE, Moorea, French Polynesia
- Marine Eco‐Evo‐Devo Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tehani Maueau
- Association Ia Vai Ma Noa Bora-Bora, Bora-Bora, French Polynesia
| | - Vincent Sturny
- Polynésienne des Eaux, Vaitape, Bora-Bora French Polynesia
| | - Eric Blin
- Suez Eau France SAS, Aix en Provence, France
| | - Eric Parmentier
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, FOCUS, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Bertucci
- PSL University, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, UAR 3278 CRIOBE, Moorea, French Polynesia
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, FOCUS, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Present Address: UMR MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Sète, France
| | - David Lecchini
- PSL University, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, UAR 3278 CRIOBE, Moorea, French Polynesia
- Laboratoire d’Excellence « CORAIL », Perpignan, France
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6
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Jézéquel Y, Aoki N, Mooney TA. Acoustic properties and shallow water propagation distances of Caribbean spiny lobster sounds (Panulirus argus). THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 153:529. [PMID: 36732263 DOI: 10.1121/10.0016898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Marine crustaceans produce broadband sounds that are useful for passive acoustic monitoring to support conservation and management efforts. However, the propagation characteristics and detection ranges of their signals are poorly known, limiting our leveraging of these sounds. Here, we used a four-hydrophone linear array to measure source levels (SLs) and sound propagation from Caribbean spiny lobsters (Panulirus argus) of a wide range of sizes within a natural, shallow water habitat (3.3 m depth). Source level in peak-peak (SLpp) varied with body size; larger individuals produced SLpp up to 166 dB re 1 μPa. However, transmission losses (TL) were similar across all sizes, with a global fitted TL of 12.1 dB. Correspondingly, calculated detection ranges varied with body size, ranging between 14 and 364 m for small and large individuals (respectively). This increased up to 1612 m for large spiny lobsters when considering lower ambient noise levels. Despite the potential ease of tank studies, our results highlight the importance of empirical in situ sound propagation studies for marine crustaceans. Given the important ecological and economic role of spiny lobsters, these data are a key step to supporting remote monitoring of this species for fisheries management and efforts to acoustically quantify coral reefs' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youenn Jézéquel
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA
| | - Nadège Aoki
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA
| | - T Aran Mooney
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA
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7
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Abstract
We present an analysis of fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) songs on passive acoustic recordings from the Pelagos Sanctuary (Western Mediterranean Basin). The recordings were gathered between 2008 and 2018 using 2 different hydrophone stations. We show how 20 Hz fin whale pulses can be automatically detected using a low complexity convolutional neural network (CNN) despite data variability (different recording devices exposed to diverse noises). The pulses were further classified into the two categories described in past studies and inter pulse intervals (IPI) were measured. The results confirm previous observations on the local relationship between pulse type and IPI with substantially more data. Furthermore we show inter-annual shifts in IPI and an intra-annual trend in pulse center frequency. This study provides new elements of comparison for the understanding of long term fin whale song trends worldwide.
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8
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Fin Whale (Balaenoptera physalus) in the Ligurian Sea: Preliminary Study on Acoustics Demonstrates Their Regular Occurrence in Autumn. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse9090966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The patterns of movement of the fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus (Linnaeus, 1758)) in the Mediterranean Sea are still a matter of debate. Feeding aggregations are well known in the Corso-Liguro-Provençal Basin from July to September, but little is known for the autumn and winter seasons. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) was implemented in the Ligurian Sea to overcome this gap and to investigate the temporal and spatial variation of fin whale acoustic presence. From July to December 2011, five autonomous recorders were deployed at between 700 and 900 m depths. Fin whale calls were automatically detected almost every day, with higher vocalization rates in October, November, and December. Furthermore, daily vocalization rates were higher during light hours, and closer to the coast. These outcomes suggest that not all the individuals migrate, staying in the area also during autumn for feeding or breeding purposes. The dial cycle of vocalization might be related to feeding activities and zooplankton vertical migration, whereas the proximity to the coast can be explained by the morphology of the area that promotes the upwelling system. Although this work only represents a six-month period, certainly it suggests the need for a larger spatial and temporal PAM effort, crucial for species management and for mitigating possible impact of anthropogenic activities at the basin level.
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9
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Romagosa M, Pérez-Jorge S, Cascão I, Mouriño H, Lehodey P, Pereira A, Marques TA, Matias L, Silva MA. Food talk: 40-Hz fin whale calls are associated with prey biomass. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20211156. [PMID: 34229495 PMCID: PMC8261222 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals use varied acoustic signals that play critical roles in their lives. Understanding the function of these signals may inform about key life-history processes relevant for conservation. In the case of fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus), that produce different call types associated with different behaviours, several hypotheses have emerged regarding call function, but the topic still remains in its infancy. Here, we investigate the potential function of two fin whale vocalizations, the song-forming 20-Hz call and the 40-Hz call, by examining their production in relation to season, year and prey biomass. Our results showed that the production of 20-Hz calls was strongly influenced by season, with a clear peak during the breeding months, and secondarily by year, likely due to changes in whale abundance. These results support the reproductive function of the 20-Hz song used as an acoustic display. Conversely, season and year had no effect on variation in 40-Hz calling rates, but prey biomass did. This is the first study linking 40-Hz call activity to prey biomass, supporting the previously suggested food-associated function of this call. Understanding the functions of animal signals can help identifying functional habitats and predict the negative effects of human activities with important implications for conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Romagosa
- Okeanos – Instituto de Investigação em Ciências do Mar, Universidade dos Açores & IMAR – Instituto do Mar, Horta, Portugal
| | - Sergi Pérez-Jorge
- Okeanos – Instituto de Investigação em Ciências do Mar, Universidade dos Açores & IMAR – Instituto do Mar, Horta, Portugal
| | - Irma Cascão
- Okeanos – Instituto de Investigação em Ciências do Mar, Universidade dos Açores & IMAR – Instituto do Mar, Horta, Portugal
| | - Helena Mouriño
- Centro de Matemática, Aplicações Fundamentais e Investigação Operacional, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrick Lehodey
- Collecte Localisation Satellite (CLS), Ramonville St Agne, France
| | - Andreia Pereira
- Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago A. Marques
- Centro de Estatística e Aplicações, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Luís Matias
- Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mónica A. Silva
- Okeanos – Instituto de Investigação em Ciências do Mar, Universidade dos Açores & IMAR – Instituto do Mar, Horta, Portugal
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10
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Ferrier-Pagès C, Leal MC, Calado R, Schmid DW, Bertucci F, Lecchini D, Allemand D. Noise pollution on coral reefs? - A yet underestimated threat to coral reef communities. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 165:112129. [PMID: 33588103 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Noise pollution is an anthropogenic stressor that is increasingly recognized for its negative impact on the physiology, behavior and fitness of marine organisms. Driven by the recent expansion of maritime shipping, artisanal fishing and tourism (e.g., motorboats used for recreational purpose), underwater noise increased greatly on coral reefs. In this review, we first provide an overview on how reef organisms sense and use sound. Thereafter we review the current knowledge on how underwater noise affects different reef organisms. Although the majority of available examples are limited to few fish species, we emphasize how the impact of noise differs based on an organisms' acoustic sensitivity, mobility and developmental stage, as well as between noise type, source and duration. Finally, we highlight measures available to governments, the shipping industry and individual users and provide directions for polices and research aimed to manage this global issue of noise emission on coral reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Ferrier-Pagès
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Coral Ecophysiology Team, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, MC-98000, Monaco.
| | - Miguel C Leal
- ECOMARE, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Calado
- ECOMARE, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Frédéric Bertucci
- Functional and Evolutionary Morphology Lab, University of Liege, Belgium; PSL University, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, 98729 Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - David Lecchini
- PSL University, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, 98729 Moorea, French Polynesia; Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", Perpignan, France
| | - Denis Allemand
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Coral Ecophysiology Team, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, MC-98000, Monaco
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11
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Emmons CK, Hanson MB, Lammers MO. Passive acoustic monitoring reveals spatiotemporal segregation of two fish-eating killer whale Orcinus orca populations in proposed critical habitat. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2021. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Competition for prey resources among ecologically similar populations that occur in sympatry can be reduced by spatiotemporal resource partitioning. Understanding patterns of habitat use of cetaceans can be difficult since they are highly mobile and can have large home ranges. We used passive acoustic monitoring at 15 sites along the coast of Washington State, USA, to assess habitat use patterns of 2 sympatric populations of fish-eating killer whales Orcinus orca: northern residents (NRKW) and southern residents (SRKW). This area is part of the ocean distributions of a number of important runs of Chinook salmon Oncorhyncus tshawytscha, the preferred prey of both populations, and is proposed critical habitat for SRKW. We compared monthly occurrence of both populations at recorder locations grouped by their proximity to the Strait of Juan de Fuca to the north and the Columbia River to the south in one analysis and by their distance from shore in a second analysis. NRKW and SRKW were detected throughout the year with spring and fall peaks in occurrence. The northernmost sites accounted for 93% of NRKW detections, while less than half of SRKW detections were at these sites. SRKW were most frequently detected at nearshore sites (83% of detections), while the majority of NRKW detections were at mid-shelf and deep sites (94% of detections). This study provides further information about the habitat use of these resident killer whale populations with implications for their management and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- CK Emmons
- Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, Washington 98112, USA
| | - MB Hanson
- Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, Washington 98112, USA
| | - MO Lammers
- Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary, 726 South Kihei Road, Kihei, Hawaii 96753, USA
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Hosseini H, Saadaoui I, Moheimani N, Al Saidi M, Al Jamali F, Al Jabri H, Hamadou RB. Marine health of the Arabian Gulf: Drivers of pollution and assessment approaches focusing on desalination activities. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 164:112085. [PMID: 33549923 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The Arabian Gulf is one of the most adversely affected marine environments worldwide, which results from combined pollution drivers including climate change, oil and gas activities, and coastal anthropogenic disturbances. Desalination activities are one of the major marine pollution drivers regionally and internationally. Arabian Gulf countries represent a hotspot of desalination activities as they are responsible for nearly 50% of the global desalination capacity. Building desalination plants, up-taking seawater, and discharging untreated brine back into the sea adversely affects the biodiversity of the marine ecosystems. The present review attempted to reveal the potential negative effects of desalination plants on the Gulf's marine environments. We emphasised different conventional and innovative assessment tools used to assess the health of marine environments and evaluate the damage exerted by desalination activity in the Gulf. Finally, we suggested effective management approaches to tackle the issue including the significance of national regulations and regional cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Hosseini
- Algal Technologies Program, Centre for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Imen Saadaoui
- Algal Technologies Program, Centre for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Navid Moheimani
- Algae R&D Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Mohammad Al Saidi
- Algal Technologies Program, Centre for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fahad Al Jamali
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hareb Al Jabri
- Algal Technologies Program, Centre for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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Kügler A, Lammers MO, Zang EJ, Kaplan MB, Mooney TA. Fluctuations in Hawaii’s humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae population inferred from male song chorusing off Maui. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2020. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately half of the North Pacific humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae stock visits the shallow waters of the main Hawaiian Islands seasonally. Within this breeding area, mature males produce an elaborate acoustic display known as song, which becomes the dominant source of ambient underwater sound between December and April. Following reports of unusually low whale numbers that began in 2015/16, we examined song chorusing recorded through long-term passive acoustic monitoring at 6 sites off Maui as a proxy for relative whale abundance between 2014 and 2019. Daily root-mean-square sound pressure levels (RMS SPLs) were calculated to compare variations in low-frequency acoustic energy (0-1.5 kHz). After 2014/15, the overall RMS SPLs decreased between 5.6 and 9.7 dB re 1 µPa2 during the peak of whale season (February and March), reducing ambient acoustic energy from chorusing by over 50%. This change in song levels co-occurred with a broad-scale oceanic heat wave in the northeast Pacific termed the ‘Blob,’ a major El Niño event in the North Pacific, and a warming period in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation cycle. Although it remains unclear whether our observations reflect a decrease in population size, a change in migration patterns, a shift in distribution to other areas, a change in the behavior of males, or some combination of these, our results indicate that continued monitoring and further studies of humpback whales throughout the North Pacific are warranted to better understand the fluctuations occurring in this recently recovered population and other populations that continue to be endangered or threatened.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kügler
- Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Kāne‘ohe, HI 96744, USA
- Oceanwide Science Institute, Makawao, HI 96768, USA
| | - MO Lammers
- Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary, Kīhei, HI 96753, USA
- Oceanwide Science Institute, Makawao, HI 96768, USA
| | - EJ Zang
- Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary, Kīhei, HI 96753, USA
- Oceanwide Science Institute, Makawao, HI 96768, USA
| | - MB Kaplan
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E6, Canada
| | - TA Mooney
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
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14
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Reichert M, Giurgiu M, Koch E, Wieland LM, Lautenbach S, Neubauer AB, von Haaren-Mack B, Schilling R, Timm I, Notthoff N, Marzi I, Hill H, Brüβler S, Eckert T, Fiedler J, Burchartz A, Anedda B, Wunsch K, Gerber M, Jekauc D, Woll A, Dunton GF, Kanning M, Nigg CR, Ebner-Priemer U, Liao Y. Ambulatory Assessment for Physical Activity Research: State of the Science, Best Practices and Future Directions. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2020; 50:101742. [PMID: 32831643 PMCID: PMC7430559 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Technological and digital progress benefits physical activity (PA) research. Here we compiled expert knowledge on how Ambulatory Assessment (AA) is utilized to advance PA research, i.e., we present results of the 2nd International CAPA Workshop 2019 "Physical Activity Assessment - State of the Science, Best Practices, Future Directions" where invited researchers with experience in PA assessment, evaluation, technology and application participated. First, we provide readers with the state of the AA science, then we give best practice recommendations on how to measure PA via AA and shed light on methodological frontiers, and we furthermore discuss future directions. AA encompasses a class of methods that allows the study of PA and its behavioral, biological and physiological correlates as they unfold in everyday life. AA includes monitoring of movement (e.g., via accelerometry), physiological function (e.g., via mobile electrocardiogram), contextual information (e.g., via geolocation-tracking), and ecological momentary assessment (EMA; e.g., electronic diaries) to capture self-reported information. The strengths of AA are data assessment that near realtime, which minimizes retrospective biases in real-world settings, consequentially enabling ecological valid findings. Importantly, AA enables multiple assessments across time within subjects resulting in intensive longitudinal data (ILD), which allows unraveling within-person determinants of PA in everyday life. In this paper, we show how AA methods such as triggered e-diaries and geolocation-tracking can be used to measure PA and its correlates, and furthermore how these findings may translate into real-life interventions. In sum, AA provides numerous possibilities for PA research, especially the opportunity to tackle within- subject antecedents, concomitants, and consequences of PA as they unfold in everyday life. In-depth insights on determinants of PA could help us design and deliver impactful interventions in real-world contexts, thus enabling us to solve critical health issues in the 21st century such as insufficient PA and high levels of sedentary behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Reichert
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University; postal address: Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Marco Giurgiu
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University; postal address: Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Elena Koch
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Lena M. Wieland
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Sven Lautenbach
- Heidelberg Institute for Geoinformation Technology (HeiGIT) at Heidelberg University; postal address: Heidelberg Institute for Geoinformation Technology, Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg 33, 69118 Heidelberg, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Andreas B. Neubauer
- Department of Education and Human Development, DIPF | Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education; postal address: Rostocker Straße 6, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany
- Center for Research on Individual Development and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk (IDeA); postal address: Rostocker Straße 6, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany
| | - Birte von Haaren-Mack
- Department of Health and Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne; postal address: Am Sportpark Muengersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Renè Schilling
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Postal address: Birsstrasse 320 B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Irina Timm
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Nanna Notthoff
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Psychology, Department of Sports Science, Leipzig University; postal address: Jahnallee 59, 04109 Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Isabel Marzi
- Department of Sports Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); postal address: Gebbertstrasse 123b, 91058 Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Holger Hill
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Brüβler
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Eckert
- Departments of Preventive Medicine and Psychology, University of Southern California; postal address: 2001 N. Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Janis Fiedler
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Burchartz
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Bastian Anedda
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Wunsch
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Postal address: Birsstrasse 320 B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Darko Jekauc
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Woll
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Genevieve F. Dunton
- Departments of Preventive Medicine and Psychology, University of Southern California; postal address: 2001 N. Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Martina Kanning
- Department of Sport Science, Social and Health Sciences, University of Konstanz; postal address: Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Claudio R. Nigg
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Ebner-Priemer
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Yue Liao
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, postal address: 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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15
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Mooney TA, Di Iorio L, Lammers M, Lin TH, Nedelec SL, Parsons M, Radford C, Urban E, Stanley J. Listening forward: approaching marine biodiversity assessments using acoustic methods. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:201287. [PMID: 32968541 PMCID: PMC7481698 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystems and the communities they support are changing at alarmingly rapid rates. Tracking species diversity is vital to managing these stressed habitats. Yet, quantifying and monitoring biodiversity is often challenging, especially in ocean habitats. Given that many animals make sounds, these cues travel efficiently under water, and emerging technologies are increasingly cost-effective, passive acoustics (a long-standing ocean observation method) is now a potential means of quantifying and monitoring marine biodiversity. Properly applying acoustics for biodiversity assessments is vital. Our goal here is to provide a timely consideration of emerging methods using passive acoustics to measure marine biodiversity. We provide a summary of the brief history of using passive acoustics to assess marine biodiversity and community structure, a critical assessment of the challenges faced, and outline recommended practices and considerations for acoustic biodiversity measurements. We focused on temperate and tropical seas, where much of the acoustic biodiversity work has been conducted. Overall, we suggest a cautious approach to applying current acoustic indices to assess marine biodiversity. Key needs are preliminary data and sampling sufficiently to capture the patterns and variability of a habitat. Yet with new analytical tools including source separation and supervised machine learning, there is substantial promise in marine acoustic diversity assessment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Aran Mooney
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
- Author for correspondence: T. Aran Mooney e-mail:
| | - Lucia Di Iorio
- CHORUS Institute, Phelma Minatec, 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marc Lammers
- Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary, 726 South Kihei Road, Kihei, HI 96753, USA
| | - Tzu-Hao Lin
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Sophie L. Nedelec
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK
| | - Miles Parsons
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Craig Radford
- Institute of Marine Science, Leigh Marine Laboratory, University of Auckland, PO Box 349, Warkworth 0941, New Zealand
| | - Ed Urban
- Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Jenni Stanley
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
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16
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The Use of Soundscapes to Monitor Fish Communities: Meaningful Graphical Representations Differ with Acoustic Environment. ACOUSTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/acoustics2020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many marine animals produce sounds in several phases of their life cycles, either actively or as a byproduct of their activities, such as during mate attraction or when moving. Recent studies of underwater soundscapes have proved passive acoustic monitoring to be a cost-effective, non-invasive tool to understand ecological processes, especially when sampling in adverse conditions or at great depth. Four days of sound recordings at three seamounts from the Azorean archipelago were examined to assess the suitability of different sound graphical representations to characterize different acoustic environments that contrast in the contribution of vocal fish communities. Long-term spectrograms, sound pressure level, spectral probability densities and the Acoustic Complexity Index (ACI) were computed for two shallow seamounts (Formigas and Princesa Alice, c. 35 m) and one deep seamount (Condor, 190 m) using graphics with different time spans. Only in Formigas, which presented the highest occurrence of fish sounds, was it possible to observe temporal patterns of fish vocal activity in the graphical representations. We highlight that habitats with a higher diversity and abundance of sounds are the most suitable targets for these methods, while in locations with a low prevalence of fish sounds a combination of several methods would be recommended.
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17
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Baleen whale acoustic presence and behaviour at a Mid-Atlantic migratory habitat, the Azores Archipelago. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4766. [PMID: 32179826 PMCID: PMC7075977 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61849-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of important areas during the annual life cycle of migratory animals, such as baleen whales, is vital for their conservation. In boreal springtime, fin and blue whales feed in the Azores on their way to northern latitudes while sei whales migrate through the archipelago with only occasional feeding. Little is known about their autumn or winter presence or their acoustic behaviour in temperate migratory habitats. This study used a 5-year acoustic data set collected by autonomous recorders in the Azores that were processed and analysed using an automated call detection and classification system. Fin and blue whales were acoustically present in the archipelago from autumn to spring with marked seasonal differences in the use of different call types. Diel patterns of calling activity were only found for fin whales with more calls during the day than night. Sei whales showed a bimodal distribution of acoustic presence in spring and autumn, corresponding to their expected migration patterns. Diel differences in sei whale calling varied with season and location. This work highlights the importance of the Azores as a migratory and wintering habitat for three species of baleen whales and provides novel information on their acoustic behaviour in a mid-Atlantic region.
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18
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Cascão I, Lammers MO, Prieto R, Santos RS, Silva MA. Temporal patterns in acoustic presence and foraging activity of oceanic dolphins at seamounts in the Azores. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3610. [PMID: 32107405 PMCID: PMC7046721 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60441-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Several seamounts have been identified as hotspots of marine life in the Azores, acting as feeding stations for top predators, including cetaceans. Passive acoustic monitoring is an efficient tool to study temporal variations in the occurrence and behaviour of vocalizing cetacean species. We deployed bottom-moored Ecological Acoustic Recorders (EARs) to investigate the temporal patterns in acoustic presence and foraging activity of oceanic dolphins at two seamounts (Condor and Gigante) in the Azores. Data were collected in March-May 2008 and April 2010-February 2011. Dolphins were present year round and nearly every day at both seamounts. Foraging signals (buzzes and bray calls) were recorded in >87% of the days dolphin were present. There was a strong diel pattern in dolphin acoustic occurrence and behaviour, with higher detections of foraging and echolocation vocalizations during the night and of social signals during daylight hours. Acoustic data demonstrate that small dolphins consistently use Condor and Gigante seamounts to forage at night. These results suggest that these seamounts likely are important feeding areas for dolphins. This study contributes to a better understanding of the feeding ecology of oceanic dolphins and provides new insights into the role of seamount habitats for top predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Cascão
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Institute of Marine Research (IMAR) and Okeanos R&D Centre, University of the Azores, Rua Frederico Machado 4, 9901-862, Horta, Portugal.
| | - Marc O Lammers
- Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Kihei, HI, 96753, USA
- Oceanwide Science Institute (OSI), PO Box 61692, Honolulu, HI, 96744, USA
| | - Rui Prieto
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Institute of Marine Research (IMAR) and Okeanos R&D Centre, University of the Azores, Rua Frederico Machado 4, 9901-862, Horta, Portugal
| | - Ricardo S Santos
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Institute of Marine Research (IMAR) and Okeanos R&D Centre, University of the Azores, Rua Frederico Machado 4, 9901-862, Horta, Portugal
| | - Mónica A Silva
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Institute of Marine Research (IMAR) and Okeanos R&D Centre, University of the Azores, Rua Frederico Machado 4, 9901-862, Horta, Portugal
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
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19
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Fregosi S, Harris DV, Matsumoto H, Mellinger DK, Negretti C, Moretti DJ, Martin SW, Matsuyama B, Dugan PJ, Klinck H. Comparison of fin whale 20 Hz call detections by deep-water mobile autonomous and stationary recorders. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 147:961. [PMID: 32113295 DOI: 10.1121/10.0000617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Acoustically equipped deep-water mobile autonomous platforms can be used to survey for marine mammals over intermediate spatiotemporal scales. Direct comparisons to fixed recorders are necessary to evaluate these tools as passive acoustic monitoring platforms. One glider and two drifting deep-water floats were simultaneously deployed within a deep-water cabled hydrophone array to quantitatively assess their survey capabilities. The glider was able to follow a pre-defined track while float movement was somewhat unpredictable. Fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) 20 Hz pulses were recorded by all hydrophones throughout the two-week deployment. Calls were identified using a template detector, which performed similarly across recorder types. The glider data contained up to 78% fewer detections per hour due to increased low-frequency flow noise present during glider descents. The glider performed comparably to the floats and fixed recorders at coarser temporal scales; hourly and daily presence of detections did not vary by recorder type. Flow noise was related to glider speed through water and dive state. Glider speeds through water of 25 cm/s or less are suggested to minimize flow noise and the importance of glider ballasting, detector characterization, and normalization by effort when interpreting glider-collected data and applying it to marine mammal density estimation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Fregosi
- Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies, Oregon State University and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 2030 Southeast Marine Science Drive, Newport, Oregon 97365, USA
| | - Danielle V Harris
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom
| | - Haruyoshi Matsumoto
- Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies, Oregon State University and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 2030 Southeast Marine Science Drive, Newport, Oregon 97365, USA
| | - David K Mellinger
- Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies, Oregon State University and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 2030 Southeast Marine Science Drive, Newport, Oregon 97365, USA
| | - Christina Negretti
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - David J Moretti
- Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, Rhode Island 02841, USA
| | - Stephen W Martin
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, California 92106, USA
| | - Brian Matsuyama
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, California 92106, USA
| | - Peter J Dugan
- Center for Conservation Bioacoustics, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
| | - Holger Klinck
- Center for Conservation Bioacoustics, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
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20
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Carriço R, Silva MA, Menezes GM, Fonseca PJ, Amorim MCP. Characterization of the acoustic community of vocal fishes in the Azores. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7772. [PMID: 31720098 PMCID: PMC6836754 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sounds produced by teleost fishes are an important component of marine soundscapes, making passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) an effective way to map the presence of vocal fishes with a minimal impact on ecosystems. Based on a literature review, we list the known soniferous fish species occurring in Azorean waters and compile their sounds. We also describe new fish sounds recorded in Azores seamounts. From the literature, we identified 20 vocal fish species present in Azores. We analysed long-term acoustic recordings carried out since 2008 in Condor and Princesa Alice seamounts and describe 20 new putative fish sound sequences. Although we propose candidates as the source of some vocalizations, this study puts into evidence the myriad of fish sounds lacking species identification. In addition to identifying new sound sequences, we provide the first marine fish sound library for Azores. Our acoustic library will allow to monitor soniferous fish species for conservation and management purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Carriço
- Okeanos-UAc R&D Center, University of the Azores, Horta, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre and IMAR - Institute of Marine Research, Horta, Açores, Portugal.,MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mónica A Silva
- Okeanos-UAc R&D Center, University of the Azores, Horta, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre and IMAR - Institute of Marine Research, Horta, Açores, Portugal.,Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Barnstable County, MA, United States of America
| | - Gui M Menezes
- Okeanos-UAc R&D Center, University of the Azores, Horta, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre and IMAR - Institute of Marine Research, Horta, Açores, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Fonseca
- Departamento de Biologia Animal and cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Clara P Amorim
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, Lisboa, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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21
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Crance JL, Berchok CL, Wright DL, Brewer AM, Woodrich DF. Song production by the North Pacific right whale, Eubalaena japonica. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 145:3467. [PMID: 31255101 DOI: 10.1121/1.5111338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes song production by the eastern North Pacific right whale (NPRW, Eubalaena japonica) in the southeastern Bering Sea. Songs were localized in real-time to individuals using sonobuoys. Singers whose sex could be determined were all males. Autonomous recorder data from 17 year-long deployments were analyzed to document and characterize song types. Four distinct song types were documented over eight years (2009-2017) at five distinct locations. Each song type consists of a hierarchical structure of 1-3 different repeating phrases comprised predominantly of gunshot sounds; three of the four songs contained additional sound types (downsweep, moan, and low-frequency pulsive call). Songs were detected annually (July-January); all song types remained consistent over eight years. Two different songs often occurred simultaneously, produced by different individuals; the same song was never detected simultaneously at the same location. The same song type was detected on the same day and time at two distant locations, indicating multiple individuals can produce the same song. These findings provide support that males produce song; it remains unknown if females also sing. NPRW is the first right whale species documented to produce song. Based on current knowledge about song in mysticetes, it is hypothesized that these songs are reproductive displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Crance
- Marine Mammal Laboratory, AFSC/NMFS/NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way Northeast, Seattle, Washington 98115, USA
| | - Catherine L Berchok
- Marine Mammal Laboratory, AFSC/NMFS/NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way Northeast, Seattle, Washington 98115, USA
| | - Dana L Wright
- Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Oceans, University of Washington, 3737 Brooklyn Avenue Northeast, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Arial M Brewer
- Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Oceans, University of Washington, 3737 Brooklyn Avenue Northeast, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Daniel F Woodrich
- Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Oceans, University of Washington, 3737 Brooklyn Avenue Northeast, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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22
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Frouin-Mouy H, Mouy X, Berchok CL, Blackwell SB, Stafford KM. Acoustic occurrence and behavior of ribbon seals (Histriophoca fasciata) in the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort seas. Polar Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-019-02462-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Magnúsdóttir EE, Lim R. Subarctic singers: Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) song structure and progression from an Icelandic feeding ground during winter. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210057. [PMID: 30673737 PMCID: PMC6343865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Humpback whale songs associated with breeding behaviors are increasingly reported outside of traditional low latitude breeding grounds. Songs from a subarctic feeding ground during the winter were quantitatively characterized to investigate the structure and temporal changes of the songs at such an atypical location. Recordings were collected from 26. January to 12. March, 2011, using bottom mounted recorders. Humpback songs were detected on 91% of the recording days with peak singing activities during 9.–26. February. The majority of the recordings included multiple chorusing singers. The songs were characterized by a) common static themes which transitioned consistently to predictable themes, b) shifting themes which occurred less predictably and c) rare themes. A set median sequence was found for four different periods (sets) of recordings (approximately 1 week each). The set medians were highly similar and formed a single cluster indicating that the sequences of themes sung in this area belonged to a single cluster of songs despite of the variation caused by the shifting themes. These subarctic winter songs could, thus, represent a characteristic song type for this area which is comparable to extensively studied songs from traditional low latitude breeding grounds. An increase in the number of themes per sequence was observed throughout the recording period including minor changes in the application of themes in the songs; indicating a gradual song progression. The results confirm that continual singing of sophisticated songs occur during the breeding season in the subarctic. In addition to being a well-established summer feeding ground the study area appears to be an important overwintering site for humpback whales delaying or canceling their migration where males engage in active sexual displays, i.e. singing. Importantly, such singing activity on a shared feeding ground likely aids the cultural transmission of songs in the North Atlantic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edda E. Magnúsdóttir
- The University of Iceland’s Research Center in Húsavík, Húsavík, Iceland
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
- * E-mail:
| | - Rangyn Lim
- The University of Iceland’s Research Center in Húsavík, Húsavík, Iceland
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
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Dinh JP, Suca JJ, Lillis A, Apprill A, Llopiz JK, Mooney TA. Multiscale spatio-temporal patterns of boat noise on U.S. Virgin Island coral reefs. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 136:282-290. [PMID: 30509809 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Sound-sensitive organisms are abundant on coral reefs. Accordingly, experiments suggest that boat noise could elicit adverse effects on coral reef organisms. Yet, there are few data quantifying boat noise prevalence on coral reefs. We use long-term passive acoustic recordings at nine coral reefs and one sandy comparison site in a marine protected area to quantify spatio-temporal variation in boat noise and its effect on the soundscape. Boat noise was most common at reefs with high coral cover and fish density, and temporal patterns reflected patterns of human activity. Boat noise significantly increased low-frequency sound levels at the monitored sites. With boat noise present, the peak frequencies of the natural soundscape shifted from higher frequencies to the lower frequencies frequently used in fish communication. Taken together, the spectral overlap between boat noise and fish communication and the elevated boat detections on reefs with biological densities raises concern for coral reef organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Dinh
- Duke University, Department of Biology, United States of America
| | - Justin J Suca
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Biology Department, United States of America; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT/WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography, United States of America
| | - Ashlee Lillis
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Biology Department, United States of America
| | - Amy Apprill
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry Department, United States of America
| | - Joel K Llopiz
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Biology Department, United States of America
| | - T Aran Mooney
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Biology Department, United States of America.
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Harakawa R, Ogawa T, Haseyama M, Akamatsu T. Automatic detection of fish sounds based on multi-stage classification including logistic regression via adaptive feature weighting. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2018; 144:2709. [PMID: 30522274 DOI: 10.1121/1.5067373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a method for automatic detection of fish sounds in an underwater environment. There exist two difficulties: (i) features and classifiers that provide good detection results differ depending on the underwater environment and (ii) there are cases where a large amount of training data that is necessary for supervised machine learning cannot be prepared. A method presented in this paper (the proposed hybrid method) overcomes these difficulties as follows. First, novel logistic regression (NLR) is derived via adaptive feature weighting by focusing on the accuracy of classification results by multiple classifiers, support vector machine (SVM), and k-nearest neighbors (k-NN). Although there are cases where SVM or k-NN cannot work well due to divergence of useful features, NLR can produce complementary results. Second, the proposed hybrid method performs multi-stage classification with consideration of the accuracy of SVM, k-NN, and NLR. The multi-stage acquisition of reliable results works adaptively according to the underwater environment to reduce performance degradation due to diversity of useful classifiers even if abundant training data cannot be prepared. Experiments on underwater recordings including sounds of Sciaenidae such as silver croakers (Pennahia argentata) and blue drums (Nibea mitsukurii) show the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Harakawa
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0814, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0814, Japan
| | - Miki Haseyama
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0814, Japan
| | - Tomonari Akamatsu
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research Agency, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan
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Wright DL, Castellote M, Berchok CL, Ponirakis D, Crance JL, Clapham PJ. Acoustic detection of North Pacific right whales in a high-traffic Aleutian Pass, 2009-2015. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2018. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Bohnenstiehl DR, Lyon RP, Caretti ON, Ricci SW, Eggleston DB. Investigating the utility of ecoacoustic metrics in marine soundscapes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.22261/jea.r1156l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Soundscape analysis is a potentially powerful tool in ecosystem monitoring. Ecoacoustic metrics, including the Acoustic Complexity Index (ACI) and Acoustic Entropy (H), were originally developed for terrestrial ecosystems and are now increasingly being applied to investigate the biodiversity, habitat complexity and health of marine systems, with mixed results. To elucidate the efficacy of applying these metrics to marine soundscapes, their sensitivity to variations in call rate and call type were evaluated using a combination of field data and synthetic recordings. In soundscapes dominated by impulsive broadband snapping shrimp sounds, ACI increased non-linearly with increased snapping rate (∼100–3500 snaps/min), with a percent range of variation (∼40–50%) that exceeds that reported in most studies. H, however, decreased only slightly (∼0.04 units) in response to these same snap rate changes. The response of these metrics to changes in the rate of broadband snapping was not strongly influenced by the spectral resolution of the analysis. For soundscapes dominated by harmonic fish calls, increased rates of calling (∼5–120 calls/min) led to decreased ACI (∼20–40% range of variation) when coarse spectral resolutions (Δf = 94 or 47 Hz) were used in the analysis, but ACI increased (∼20% range of variation) when a finer resolution (Δf = 23 Hz) was employed. Regardless of spectral resolution used in the analysis, H decreased (∼0.20 units) in response to increased rates of harmonic calling. These results show that ACI and H can be modulated strongly by variations in the activity of a single sound-producing species, with additional sensitivity to call type and the resolution of the analysis. Variations in ACI and H, therefore, cannot be assumed to track call diversity, and the utility of these metrics as ecological indicators in marine environments may be limited.
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Abstract
Soundscape ecology is a rapidly growing field with approximately 93% of all scientific articles on this topic having been published since 2010 (total about 610 publications since 1985). Current acoustic technology is also advancing rapidly, enabling new devices with voluminous data storage and automatic signal detection to define sounds. Future uses of passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) include biodiversity assessments, monitoring habitat health, and locating spawning fishes. This paper provides a review of ambient sound and soundscape ecology, fish acoustic monitoring, current recording and sampling methods used in long-term PAM, and parameters/metrics used in acoustic data analysis.
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Yuan Z, Richards EL, Song HC, Hodgkiss WS, Yan S. Calibration of vertical array tilt using snapping shrimp sound. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2018; 144:1203. [PMID: 30424615 DOI: 10.1121/1.5054089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Snapping shrimp are the dominant biological source of high-frequency (>2 kHz) ambient noise in warm coastal waters. In a recent experiment, the highly impulsive signals produced by shrimp snaps were recorded continually by a large-aperture vertical array (56 m) that was bottom-moored in 100-m deep shallow water. Assuming the array vertical, initial localization of individual snaps based on wavefront curvature along the array indicated that all snaps came from either above or beneath the flat seabed. By constraining all snaps to originate from the seabed, several hundred snaps within a radius of 500 m from the array over a 20-s window were detected successfully and localized in the three-dimensional space of time-of-arrival, range, and array tilt. Since the estimated array tilt for each snap is a projection of the absolute array tilt onto the nominal array-snap plane, the maximal tilt in the range and tilt domain corresponds to the absolute array tilt. Both simulations and data demonstrate that snapping shrimp can be exploited as a source of opportunity for calibration of vertical array tilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqing Yuan
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92093-0238, USA
| | - Edward L Richards
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92093-0238, USA
| | - H C Song
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92093-0238, USA
| | - W S Hodgkiss
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92093-0238, USA
| | - Shefeng Yan
- Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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30
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Lammers MO, Howe M, Zang E, McElligott M, Engelhaupt A, Munger L. Acoustic monitoring of coastal dolphins and their response to naval mine neutralization exercises. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:170558. [PMID: 29308219 PMCID: PMC5749987 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the potential impacts of naval mine neutralization exercises (MINEX) on odontocete cetaceans, a long-term passive acoustic monitoring study was conducted at a US Navy training range near Virginia Beach, USA. Bottom-moored acoustic recorders were deployed in 2012-2016 near the epicentre of MINEX training activity and were refurbished every 2-4 months. Recordings were analysed for the daily presence/absence of dolphins, and dolphin acoustic activity was quantified in detail for the hours and days before and after 31 MINEX training events. Dolphins occurred in the area year-round, but there was clear seasonal variability, with lower presence during winter months. Dolphins exhibited a behavioural response to underwater detonations. Dolphin acoustic activity near the training location was lower during the hours and days following detonations, suggesting that animals left the area and/or reduced their signalling. Concurrent acoustic monitoring farther away from the training area suggested that the radius of response was between 3 and 6 km. A generalized additive model indicated that the predictors that explained the greatest amount of deviance in the data were the day relative to the training event, the hour of the day and circumstances specific to each training event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc O. Lammers
- Oceanwide Science Institute, PO Box 61692, Honolulu, HI 96839, USA
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, PO Box 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA
| | - Marian Howe
- Oceanwide Science Institute, PO Box 61692, Honolulu, HI 96839, USA
| | - Eden Zang
- Oceanwide Science Institute, PO Box 61692, Honolulu, HI 96839, USA
| | - Megan McElligott
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, PO Box 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA
| | - Amy Engelhaupt
- Engelhaupt Consulting, 4173 Ewell Road, Virginia Beach, VA 23455, USA
| | - Lisa Munger
- Oceanwide Science Institute, PO Box 61692, Honolulu, HI 96839, USA
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31
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Heenehan HL, Van Parijs SM, Bejder L, Tyne JA, Southall BL, Southall H, Johnston DW. Natural and anthropogenic events influence the soundscapes of four bays on Hawaii Island. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 124:9-20. [PMID: 28751031 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The soundscapes of four bays along the Kona Coast of Hawaii Island were monitored between January 2011 and March 2013. Equivalent, unweighted sound pressure levels within standard 1/3rd-octave bands (dB re: 1μPa) were calculated for each recording. Sound levels increased at night and were lowest during the daytime when spinner dolphins use the bays to rest. A tsunami provided an opportunity to monitor the soundscape with little anthropogenic component. We detected a decrease in sound levels and variability in one of the busiest bays. During the daytime in the 3.15kHz 1/3rd octave band, we detected 92 loud outliers from vessels, aquaculture, and military mid-frequency active sonar. During one military mid-frequency active sonar event sound levels reached 45.8dB above median ambient noise levels. The differences found in the bays illustrate the importance of understanding soundscapes to effectively manage noise pollution in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Heenehan
- Duke University Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC, USA; Integrated Statistics, 16 Sumner Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA; Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 166 Water Street, Woods Hole, MA, USA.
| | - Sofie M Van Parijs
- Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 166 Water Street, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Lars Bejder
- Cetacean Research Unit, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; Duke University Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC, USA
| | - Julian A Tyne
- Cetacean Research Unit, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Brandon L Southall
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Long Marine Laboratory, University of California at Santa Cruz, 115 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA, USA; SEA, Inc. 9099 Soquel Drive, Suite 8, Aptos, CA, USA
| | - Hugh Southall
- SEA, Inc. 9099 Soquel Drive, Suite 8, Aptos, CA, USA
| | - David W Johnston
- Duke University Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC, USA; Cetacean Research Unit, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
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32
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Chambert T, Waddle JH, Miller DAW, Walls SC, Nichols JD. A new framework for analysing automated acoustic species detection data: Occupancy estimation and optimization of recordings post‐processing. Methods Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Chambert
- Department of Ecosystem Science and ManagementPennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
- Patuxent Wildlife Research CenterU.S. Geological Survey Laurel MD USA
| | - J. Hardin Waddle
- Wetland and Aquatic Research CenterU.S. Geological Survey Lafayette LA USA
| | - David A. W. Miller
- Department of Ecosystem Science and ManagementPennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
| | - Susan C. Walls
- Wetland and Aquatic Research CenterU.S. Geological Survey Gainesville FL USA
| | - James D. Nichols
- Patuxent Wildlife Research CenterU.S. Geological Survey Laurel MD USA
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33
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Lillis A, Perelman JN, Panyi A, Aran Mooney T. Sound production patterns of big-clawed snapping shrimp (Alpheus spp.) are influenced by time-of-day and social context. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2017; 142:3311. [PMID: 29195442 DOI: 10.1121/1.5012751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Snapping shrimp are perhaps the most pervasive sources of biological sound in the ocean. The snapping sounds of cryptic shrimp colonies in shallow coastal habitats worldwide create a near-continuous crackling with high spatiotemporal variability, yet the underlying acoustic ecology is not well understood. This study investigated sound production rates and acoustic behavior of snapping shrimp species common in the Western Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico (Alpheus heterochaelis and Alpheus angulosus). Snap rates were measured in a controlled laboratory setting under natural light, temperature, and substrate conditions for shrimp held individually, in pairs, and in a ten-shrimp mesocosm, to test hypotheses that acoustic activity varies with time-of-day and social context. Spontaneous snapping was observed for 81 out of 84 solitary shrimp monitored. Time-of-day influenced snap output for individuals and same-sex pairs-higher rates occurred during dusk and night, compared to daylight hours, but this pattern was inconsistent for opposite-sex pairs and a mixed-sex group. These laboratory results provide insight into behavioral rhythms that may influence snapping patterns in natural populations, and underscore the limited understanding of a major sound source in marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee Lillis
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MS#50, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA
| | - Jessica N Perelman
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MS#50, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA
| | - Apryle Panyi
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MS#50, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA
| | - T Aran Mooney
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MS#50, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA
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34
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Giorli G, Au WWL. Combining passive acoustics and imaging sonar techniques to study sperm whales' foraging strategies. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2017; 142:1428. [PMID: 28964052 DOI: 10.1121/1.5002895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sperm whales forage in the deep ocean, hunting for squid. An innovative approach for the study of sperm whale foraging behavior and habitat selection is reported in this letter. A DIDSON imaging sonar mounted on a profiler with a conductivity, temperature, and depth sensor was used to count and measure potential prey in the deep ocean during sperm whales' acoustical foraging encounters in Hawaii. Preliminary results show how this technique can be applied to the study of deep diving whale foraging and habitat selection. Sperm whales foraged where the density of prey decreased with depth and where the size of prey increased with depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Giorli
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, 301 Evans Bay Parade, Hataitai, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Whitlow W L Au
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, P.O. Box 1306, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744
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35
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McWilliam JN, McCauley RD, Erbe C, Parsons MJG. Soundscape diversity in the Great Barrier Reef: Lizard Island, a case study. BIOACOUSTICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2017.1344930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie N. McWilliam
- Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Rob D. McCauley
- Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Christine Erbe
- Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Miles J. G. Parsons
- Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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36
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Connecting Earth observation to high-throughput biodiversity data. Nat Ecol Evol 2017; 1:176. [PMID: 28812589 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-017-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Understandably, given the fast pace of biodiversity loss, there is much interest in using Earth observation technology to track biodiversity, ecosystem functions and ecosystem services. However, because most biodiversity is invisible to Earth observation, indicators based on Earth observation could be misleading and reduce the effectiveness of nature conservation and even unintentionally decrease conservation effort. We describe an approach that combines automated recording devices, high-throughput DNA sequencing and modern ecological modelling to extract much more of the information available in Earth observation data. This approach is achievable now, offering efficient and near-real-time monitoring of management impacts on biodiversity and its functions and services.
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Richard G, Filatova OA, Samarra FIP, Fedutin ID, Lammers M, Miller PJ. Icelandic herring-eating killer whales feed at night. MARINE BIOLOGY 2017; 164:32. [PMID: 28203032 PMCID: PMC5281646 DOI: 10.1007/s00227-016-3059-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Herring-eating killer whales debilitate herring with underwater tail slaps and likely herd herring into tighter schools using a feeding-specific low-frequency pulsed call ('herding' call). Feeding on herring may be dependent upon daylight, as the whales use their white underside to help herd herring; however, feeding at night has not been investigated. The production of feeding-specific sounds provides an opportunity to use passive acoustic monitoring to investigate feeding behaviour at different times of day. We compared the acoustic behaviour of killer whales between day and night, using an autonomous recorder deployed in Iceland during winter. Based upon acoustic detection of underwater tail slaps used to feed upon herring we found that killer whales fed both at night and day: they spent 50% of their time at night and 73% of daytime feeding. Interestingly, there was a significant diel variation in acoustic behaviour. Herding calls were significantly associated with underwater tail slap rate and were recorded significantly more often at night, suggesting that in low-light conditions killer whales rely more on acoustics to herd herring. Communicative sounds were also related to underwater tail slap rate and produced at different rates during day and night. The capability to adapt feeding behaviour to different light conditions may be particularly relevant for predator species occurring in high latitudes during winter, when light availability is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëtan Richard
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB UK
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Olga A. Filatova
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB UK
- Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 119234
| | - Filipa I. P. Samarra
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB UK
- Marine and Freshwater Research Institute, Skulagata 4, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Ivan D. Fedutin
- Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 119234
| | - Marc Lammers
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA
| | - Patrick J. Miller
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB UK
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38
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Giorli G, Neuheimer A, Copeland A, Au WWL. Temporal and spatial variation of beaked and sperm whales foraging activity in Hawai'i, as determined with passive acoustics. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2016; 140:2333. [PMID: 27794335 DOI: 10.1121/1.4964105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Beaked and sperm whales are top predators living in the waters off the Kona coast of Hawai'i. Temporal and spatial analyses of the foraging activity of these two species were studied with passive acoustics techniques. Three passive acoustics recorders moored to the ocean floor were used to monitor the foraging activity of these whales in three locations along the Kona coast of the island of Hawaii. Data were analyzed using automatic detector/classification systems: M3R (Marine Mammal Monitoring on Navy Ranges), and custom-designed Matlab programs. The temporal variation in foraging activity was species-specific: beaked whales foraged more at night in the north, and more during the day-time off Kailua-Kona. No day-time/night-time preference was found in the southern end of the sampling range. Sperm whales foraged mainly at night in the north, but no day-time/night-time preference was observed off Kailua-Kona and in the south. A Generalized Linear Model was then applied to assess whether location and chlorophyll concentration affected the foraging activity of each species. Chlorophyll concentration and location influenced the foraging activity of both these species of deep-diving odontocetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Giorli
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, 46-007 Lilipuna Road, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744, USA
| | - Anna Neuheimer
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii, 1000 Pope Road, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - Adrienne Copeland
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, 46-007 Lilipuna Road, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744, USA
| | - Whitlow W L Au
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, 46-007 Lilipuna Road, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744, USA
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39
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Munger L, Lammers MO, Cifuentes M, Würsig B, Jefferson TA, Hung SK. Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin occurrence north of Lantau Island, Hong Kong, based on year-round passive acoustic monitoring. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2016; 140:2754. [PMID: 27794297 DOI: 10.1121/1.4963874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Long-term passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) was conducted to study Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins, Sousa chinensis, as part of environmental impact assessments for several major coastal development projects in Hong Kong waters north of Lantau Island. Ecological acoustic recorders obtained 2711 days of recording at 13 sites from December 2012 to December 2014. Humpback dolphin sounds were manually detected on more than half of days with recordings at 12 sites, 8 of which were within proposed reclamation areas. Dolphin detection rates were greatest at Lung Kwu Chau, with other high-occurrence locations northeast of the Hong Kong International Airport and within the Lung Kwu Tan and Siu Ho Wan regions. Dolphin detection rates were greatest in summer and autumn (June-November) and were significantly reduced in spring (March-May) compared to other times of year. Click detection rates were significantly higher at night than during daylight hours. These findings suggest high use of many of the proposed reclamation/development areas by humpback dolphins, particularly at night, and demonstrate the value of long-term PAM for documenting spatial and temporal patterns in dolphin occurrence to help inform management decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Munger
- Oceanwide Science Institute, P.O. Box 61692, Honolulu, Hawaii 96839, USA
| | - Marc O Lammers
- Oceanwide Science Institute, P.O. Box 61692, Honolulu, Hawaii 96839, USA
| | - Mattie Cifuentes
- Oceanwide Science Institute, P.O. Box 61692, Honolulu, Hawaii 96839, USA
| | - Bernd Würsig
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University, 200 Seawolf Parkway, OCSB #243, Galveston, Texas 77553, USA
| | | | - Samuel K Hung
- Hong Kong Cetacean Research Project, Lam Tin, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Buscaino G, Ceraulo M, Pieretti N, Corrias V, Farina A, Filiciotto F, Maccarrone V, Grammauta R, Caruso F, Giuseppe A, Mazzola S. Temporal patterns in the soundscape of the shallow waters of a Mediterranean marine protected area. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34230. [PMID: 27677956 PMCID: PMC5039702 DOI: 10.1038/srep34230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of marine soundscapes is an emerging field of research that contributes important information about biological compositions and environmental conditions. The seasonal and circadian soundscape trends of a marine protected area (MPA) in the Mediterranean Sea have been studied for one year using an autonomous acoustic recorder. Frequencies less than 1 kHz are dominated by noise generated by waves and are louder during the winter; conversely, higher frequencies (4–96 kHz) are dominated by snapping shrimp, which increase their acoustic activity at night during the summer. Fish choruses, below 2 kHz, characterize the soundscape at sunset during the summer. Because there are 13 vessel passages per hour on average, causing acoustic interference with fish choruses 46% of the time, this MPA cannot be considered to be protected from noise. On the basis of the high seasonal variability of the soundscape components, this study proposes a one-year acoustic monitoring protocol using the soundscape methodology approach and discusses the concept of MPA size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppa Buscaino
- National Research Council - Institute for Coastal Marine Environment - Bioacousticslab Capo Granitola, Via del Mare, 6 - 91021 Torretta Granitola, Campobello di Mazara (TP), Italy
| | - Maria Ceraulo
- National Research Council - Institute for Coastal Marine Environment - Bioacousticslab Capo Granitola, Via del Mare, 6 - 91021 Torretta Granitola, Campobello di Mazara (TP), Italy.,Department of Pure and Applied Sciences (DiSPeA) - University of Urbino- Campus Scientifico "Enrico Mattei"- 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Nadia Pieretti
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences (DiSPeA) - University of Urbino- Campus Scientifico "Enrico Mattei"- 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Valentina Corrias
- National Research Council - Institute for Coastal Marine Environment - Bioacousticslab Capo Granitola, Via del Mare, 6 - 91021 Torretta Granitola, Campobello di Mazara (TP), Italy
| | - Almo Farina
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences (DiSPeA) - University of Urbino- Campus Scientifico "Enrico Mattei"- 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Francesco Filiciotto
- National Research Council - Institute for Coastal Marine Environment - Bioacousticslab Capo Granitola, Via del Mare, 6 - 91021 Torretta Granitola, Campobello di Mazara (TP), Italy
| | - Vincenzo Maccarrone
- National Research Council - Institute for Coastal Marine Environment - Bioacousticslab Capo Granitola, Via del Mare, 6 - 91021 Torretta Granitola, Campobello di Mazara (TP), Italy
| | - Rosario Grammauta
- National Research Council - Institute for Coastal Marine Environment - Bioacousticslab Capo Granitola, Via del Mare, 6 - 91021 Torretta Granitola, Campobello di Mazara (TP), Italy
| | - Francesco Caruso
- National Research Council - Institute for Coastal Marine Environment - Bioacousticslab Capo Granitola, Via del Mare, 6 - 91021 Torretta Granitola, Campobello di Mazara (TP), Italy
| | - Alonge Giuseppe
- ENEA - Observations and Analyses of Earth and Climate -Via Principe di Granatelli, 24 - 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Mazzola
- National Research Council - Institute for Coastal Marine Environment - Bioacousticslab Capo Granitola, Via del Mare, 6 - 91021 Torretta Granitola, Campobello di Mazara (TP), Italy
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Dufour O, Gineste B, Bas Y, Le Corre M, Artières T. First automatic passive acoustic tool for monitoring two species of procellarides (Pterodroma baraui and Puffinus bailloni) on Reunion Island, Indian Ocean. ECOL INFORM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Simard P, Wall KR, Mann DA, Wall CC, Stallings CD. Quantification of Boat Visitation Rates at Artificial and Natural Reefs in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico Using Acoustic Recorders. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160695. [PMID: 27500533 PMCID: PMC4976885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial reefs are commonly used as a management tool, in part to provide ecosystem services, including opportunities for recreational fishing and diving. Quantifying the use of artificial reefs by recreational boaters is essential for determining their value as ecosystem services. In this study, four artificial–natural reef pairs in the eastern Gulf of Mexico (off western Florida) were investigated for boat visitation rates using autonomous acoustic recorders. Digital SpectroGram (DSG) recorders were used to collect sound files from April 2013 to March 2015. An automatic detection algorithm was used to identify boat noise in individual files using the harmonic peaks generated by boat engines, and by comparing the sound amplitude of each file with surrounding files. In all four pairs, visitation rates were significantly higher at the artificial reef than the natural reef. This increase in boat visitation was likely due to actual or perceived increased quality of fishing and diving at the artificial reefs, or to lack of knowledge of the presence or locations of the natural reefs. Inshore reefs (<15 m depth) had high variability in monthly visitation rates, which were generally highest in warmer months. However the seasonal signal was dampened on offshore reefs (>25 m depth). This study appears to be the first to use acoustic data to measure participant use of boating destinations, and highlights the utility of acoustic monitoring for the valuation of this important ecosystem service provided by artificial reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Simard
- University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, St. Petersburg, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kara R. Wall
- University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, St. Petersburg, Florida, United States of America
| | - David A. Mann
- Loggerhead Instruments, Sarasota, Florida, United States of America
| | - Carrie C. Wall
- University of Colorado, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Christopher D. Stallings
- University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, St. Petersburg, Florida, United States of America
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Castellote M, Small RJ, Lammers MO, Jenniges JJ, Mondragon J, Atkinson S. Dual instrument passive acoustic monitoring of belugas in Cook Inlet, Alaska. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2016; 139:2697. [PMID: 27250163 DOI: 10.1121/1.4947427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
As part of a long-term research program, Cook Inlet beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) presence was acoustically monitored with two types of acoustic sensors utilized in tandem in moorings deployed year-round: an ecological acoustic recorder (EAR) and a cetacean and porpoise detector (C-POD). The EAR was used primarily to record the calls, whistles, and buzzes produced by belugas and killer whales (Orcinus orca). The C-POD was used to log and classify echolocation clicks from belugas, killer whales, and porpoises. This paper describes mooring packages that maximized the chances of successful long-term data collection in the particularly challenging Cook Inlet environment, and presents an analytical comparison of odontocete detections obtained by the collocated EAR and C-POD instruments from two mooring locations in the upper inlet. Results from this study illustrate a significant improvement in detecting beluga and killer whale presence when the different acoustic signals detected by EARs and C-PODs are considered together. Further, results from concurrent porpoise detections indicating prey competition and feeding interference with beluga, and porpoise displacement due to ice formation are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Castellote
- National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 7600 Sand Point Way Northeast, Seattle, Washington 98115, USA
| | - Robert J Small
- Division of Wildlife Conservation, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 1255 West 8th Street, Juneau, Alaska 99811, USA
| | - Marc O Lammers
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, 46-007 Lilipuna Road, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744, USA
| | - Justin J Jenniges
- Division of Wildlife Conservation, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 1255 West 8th Street, Juneau, Alaska 99811, USA
| | - Jeff Mondragon
- Division of Wildlife Conservation, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 1255 West 8th Street, Juneau, Alaska 99811, USA
| | - Shannon Atkinson
- School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 17101 Point Lena Loop Road, Juneau, Alaska 99801, USA
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Samarra FIP, Deecke VB, Miller PJO. Low-frequency signals produced by Northeast Atlantic killer whales (Orcinus orca). THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2016; 139:1149-1157. [PMID: 27036251 DOI: 10.1121/1.4943555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Killer whale acoustic behavior has been extensively investigated; however, most studies have focused on pulsed calls and whistles. This study reports the production of low-frequency signals by killer whales at frequencies below 300 Hz. Recordings were made in Iceland and Norway when killer whales were observed feeding on herring and no other marine mammal species were nearby. Low-frequency sounds were identified in Iceland and ranged in duration between 0.14 and 2.77 s and in frequency between 50 and 270 Hz, well below the previously reported lower limit for killer whale tonal sounds of 500 Hz. Low-frequency sounds appeared to be produced close in time to tail slaps, which are indicative of feeding attempts, suggesting that these sounds may be related to a feeding context. However, their precise function is unknown, and they could be the by-product of a non-vocal behavior rather than a vocal signal deliberately produced by the whales. Although killer whales in Norway exhibit similar feeding behavior, this sound has not been detected in recordings from Norway to date. This study suggests that, like other delphinids, killer whales produce low-frequency sounds, but further studies will be required to understand whether similar sounds exist in other killer whale populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa I P Samarra
- Marine Research Institute, Skulagata 4, P.O. Box 1390, 121 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Volker B Deecke
- Centre for Wildlife Conservation, University of Cumbria, Rydal Road, Ambleside, Cumbria LA22 9BB, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick J O Miller
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 8LB, United Kingdom
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46
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Bohnenstiehl DR, Lillis A, Eggleston DB. The Curious Acoustic Behavior of Estuarine Snapping Shrimp: Temporal Patterns of Snapping Shrimp Sound in Sub-Tidal Oyster Reef Habitat. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0143691. [PMID: 26761645 PMCID: PMC4711987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean soundscapes convey important sensory information to marine life. Like many mid-to-low latitude coastal areas worldwide, the high-frequency (>1.5 kHz) soundscape of oyster reef habitat within the West Bay Marine Reserve (36°N, 76°W) is dominated by the impulsive, short-duration signals generated by snapping shrimp. Between June 2011 and July 2012, a single hydrophone deployed within West Bay was programmed to record 60 or 30 seconds of acoustic data every 15 or 30 minutes. Envelope correlation and amplitude information were then used to count shrimp snaps within these recordings. The observed snap rates vary from 1500-2000 snaps per minute during summer to <100 snaps per minute during winter. Sound pressure levels are positively correlated with snap rate (r = 0.71-0.92) and vary seasonally by ~15 decibels in the 1.5-20 kHz range. Snap rates are positively correlated with water temperatures (r = 0.81-0.93), as well as potentially influenced by climate-driven changes in water quality. Light availability modulates snap rate on diurnal time scales, with most days exhibiting a significant preference for either nighttime or daytime snapping, and many showing additional crepuscular increases. During mid-summer, the number of snaps occurring at night is 5-10% more than predicted by a random model; however, this pattern is reversed between August and April, with an excess of up to 25% more snaps recorded during the day in the mid-winter. Diurnal variability in sound pressure levels is largest in the mid-winter, when the overall rate of snapping is at its lowest, and the percentage difference between daytime and nighttime activity is at its highest. This work highlights our lack of knowledge regarding the ecology and acoustic behavior of one of the most dominant soniforous invertebrate species in coastal systems. It also underscores the necessity of long-duration, high-temporal-resolution sampling in efforts to understand the bioacoustics of animal behaviors and associated changes within the marine soundscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- DelWayne R. Bohnenstiehl
- Department of Marine, Earth & Atmospheric Science, North Carolina State University, 2800 Faucette Dr., Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, United State of America
| | - Ashlee Lillis
- Department of Marine, Earth & Atmospheric Science, North Carolina State University, 2800 Faucette Dr., Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, United State of America
| | - David B. Eggleston
- Department of Marine, Earth & Atmospheric Science, North Carolina State University, 2800 Faucette Dr., Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, United State of America
- Center for Marine Sciences and Technology, North Carolina State University, Morehead City, North Carolina, 28557, United States of America
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Fisher-Pool PI, Lammers MO, Gove J, Wong KB. Does Primary Productivity Turn Up the Volume? Exploring the Relationship Between Chlorophyll a and the Soundscape of Coral Reefs in the Pacific. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 875:289-93. [PMID: 26610971 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll is the basis for ecosystem productivity in most marine environments. We report on an ongoing effort to examine whether ambient sounds are tied to chlorophyll levels. We hypothesized that an increase in food-web available energy will be distributed across trophic levels, eventually reaching sound-producing animals and increasing acoustic levels. To test our hypothesis, we compared reef environments to explore links between soundscapes and chlorophyll a concentrations. The study sites resided in disparate oceanographic regimes that experienced substantially different oceanographic conditions. We anticipated that the results would show differing patterns of primary productivity between sites and therefore would be reflected in the soundscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pollyanna I Fisher-Pool
- , 59-741 Amaumau Place, Haleiwa, HI, 96712, USA. .,Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, Kaneohe, HI, 96744, USA.
| | - Marc O Lammers
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, Kaneohe, HI, 96744, USA.
| | - Jamison Gove
- Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
| | - Kevin B Wong
- Pacific Islands Fisheries and Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
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Lammers MO, Munger LM. From Shrimp to Whales: Biological Applications of Passive Acoustic Monitoring on a Remote Pacific Coral Reef. MODERN ACOUSTICS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3176-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Acoustic Communication in Butterflyfishes: Anatomical Novelties, Physiology, Evolution, and Behavioral Ecology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 877:57-92. [PMID: 26515311 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-21059-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Coral reef fishes live in noisy environments that may challenge their capacity for acoustic communication. Butterflyfishes (Family Chaetodontidae) are prominent and ecologically diverse members of coral reef communities worldwide. The discovery of a novel association of anterior swim bladder horns with the lateral line canal system in the genus Chaetodon (the laterophysic connection) revealed a putative adaptation for enhancement of sound reception by the lateral line system and/or the ear. Behavioral studies show that acoustic communication is an important component of butterflyfish social behavior. All bannerfish (Forcipiger, Heniochus, and Hemitaurichthys) and Chaetodon species studied thus far produce several sound types at frequencies of <1 to >1000 Hz. Ancestral character state analyses predict the existence of both shared (head bob) and divergent (tail slap) acoustic behaviors in these two clades. Experimental auditory physiology shows that butterflyfishes are primarily sensitive to stimuli associated with hydrodynamic particle accelerations of ≤500 Hz. In addition, the gas-filled swim bladder horns in Chaetodon are stimulated by sound pressure, which enhances and extends their auditory sensitivity to 1700-2000 Hz. The broadband spectrum of ambient noise present on coral reefs overlaps with the frequency characteristics of their sounds, thus both the close social affiliations common among butterflyfishes and the evolution of the swim bladder horns in Chaetodon facilitate their short-range acoustic communication. Butterflyfishes provide a unique and unexpected opportunity to carry out studies of fish bioacoustics in the lab and the field that integrate the study of sensory anatomy, physiology, evolution, and behavioral ecology.
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Magnúsdóttir EE, Miller PJO, Lim R, Rasmussen MH, Lammers MO, Svavarsson J. Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) song unit and phrase repertoire progression on a subarctic feeding ground. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2015; 138:3362-3374. [PMID: 26627808 DOI: 10.1121/1.4935517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The songs of the male humpback whales have traditionally been associated with breeding activities at low latitude breeding grounds during winter. This study provides the first detailed analysis of humpback whale songs recorded in the subarctic waters of Iceland using passive acoustic recorders. Recordings were collected during three winter seasons: 2008-2009, 2009-2010, and 2011 during which singing was detected in all seasons. Peak song occurrence was during January-February in all years; this coincides with the timing of the peak breeding season of humpback whales in the Northern hemisphere. A total of 2810 song units from all years were measured and statistically divided into 14 groups, which constructed 25 phrases. The song unit repertoires included stable song unit types that occurred frequently in songs during all years while the occurrence of other song unit types varied more between years. Around 60% of the phrases were conserved between the first two study seasons, while the majority of phrases found during the last study season had not been observed before. This study indicates the importance of a subarctic feeding ground for song progression and song exchange and possibly as an opportunistic mating ground for migrating or overwintering humpback whales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edda E Magnúsdóttir
- The University of Iceland's Research Center in Húsavík, 640 Húsavík, Iceland
| | - Patrick J O Miller
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of Saint Andrews, Saint Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, UK
| | - Rangyn Lim
- The University of Iceland's Research Center in Húsavík, 640 Húsavík, Iceland
| | | | - Marc O Lammers
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744, USA
| | - Jörundur Svavarsson
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
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