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Reidenberg JS. An innovative way for whales to sing. Nature 2024:10.1038/d41586-024-00307-1. [PMID: 38383641 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-00307-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
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2
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Cheng Z, Li Y, Pine MK, Wan X, Zuo T, Niu M, Wang J. Acoustic Presence of Cetaceans in the Miaodao Archipelago, China. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081306. [PMID: 37106869 PMCID: PMC10135065 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Once an important cetacean habitat, the Miaodao Archipelago has been altered by human-induced disturbances over several decades. While cetacean diversity is known to have decreased, no recent data on species diversity around Miaodao are known to exist. Capitalizing on the high vocal activity of cetaceans, three passive acoustic surveys, including towed and stationary types, were undertaken to detect the presence of species-specific vocalizations in May 2021, October 2021, and July 2022, as most cetacean sightings occurred during May and August in recent years. The results revealed that the East Asian finless porpoise is the sole cetacean species that can be reliably observed around the archipelago, as no other species were detected. The acoustic data also revealed potentially clumped distributions of finless porpoises with some seasonal variation. While not acoustically detected during any of the surveys, humpback whales, minke whales, and killer whales have been visually sighted in the region. The lack of acoustic detection of these species suggests that they are likely to be temporary visitors to the region, or at least exhibit strong seasonality in their presence within the region. These new data provide the latest snapshot of cetacean presence around the Miaodao Archipelago that can help inform future research and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolong Cheng
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yongtao Li
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Matthew Keith Pine
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Xiaoling Wan
- School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Tao Zuo
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Mingxiang Niu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
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3
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Rand ZR, Wood JD, Oswald JN. Effects of duty cycles on passive acoustic monitoring of southern resident killer whale (Orcinus orca) occurrence and behavior. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 151:1651. [PMID: 35364953 DOI: 10.1121/10.0009752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Long-term passive acoustic monitoring of cetaceans is frequently limited by the data storage capacity and battery life of the recording system. Duty cycles are a mechanism for subsampling during the recording process that facilitates long-term passive acoustic studies. While duty cycles are often used, there has been little investigation on the impact that this approach has on the ability to answer questions about a species' behavior and occurrence. In this study, the effects of duty cycling on the acoustic detection of southern resident killer whales (SRKW) (Orcinus orca) were investigated. Continuous acoustic data were subsampled to create 288 subsampled datasets with cycle lengths from 5 to 180 min and listening proportions from 1% to 67%. Duty cycles had little effect on the detection of the daily presence of SRKW, especially when using cycle lengths of less than an hour. However, cycle lengths of 15-30 min and listening proportions of at least 33% were required to accurately calculate durations of acoustic bouts and identify those bouts to ecotype. These results show that the optimal duty cycle depends on the scale of the research question and provide a framework for quantitative analysis of duty cycles for other marine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe R Rand
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 8LB, United Kingdom
| | - Jason D Wood
- SMRU Consulting, Friday Harbor, Washington 98250, USA
| | - Julie N Oswald
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 8LB, United Kingdom
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Helble TA, Guazzo RA, Martin CR, Durbach IN, Alongi GC, Martin SW, Boyle JK, Henderson EE. Lombard effect: Minke whale boing call source levels vary with natural variations in ocean noise. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 147:698. [PMID: 32113274 DOI: 10.1121/10.0000596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Minke whales were acoustically detected, localized, and tracked on the U.S. Navy's Pacific Missile Range Facility from 2012 to 2017. Animal source levels (SLs) were estimated by adding transmission loss estimates to measured received levels of 42 159 individual minke whale boings. Minke whales off Hawaii exhibited the Lombard effect in that they increased their boing call intensity in increased background noise. Minke whales also decreased the variance of the boing call SL in higher background noise levels. Although the whales partially compensated for increasing background noise, they were unable or unwilling to increase their SLs by the same amount as the background noise. As oceans become louder, this reduction in communication space could negatively impact the health of minke whale populations. The findings in this study also have important implications for acoustic animal density studies, which may use SL to estimate probability of detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A Helble
- Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific, San Diego, California 92152, USA
| | - Regina A Guazzo
- Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific, San Diego, California 92152, USA
| | - Cameron R Martin
- Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific, San Diego, California 92152, USA
| | - Ian N Durbach
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Saint Andrews, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stephen W Martin
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, California 92106, USA
| | - John K Boyle
- Applied Ocean Sciences, Fairfax Station, Virginia, 22039, USA
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5
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Aguzzi J, Chatzievangelou D, Marini S, Fanelli E, Danovaro R, Flögel S, Lebris N, Juanes F, De Leo FC, Del Rio J, Thomsen L, Costa C, Riccobene G, Tamburini C, Lefevre D, Gojak C, Poulain PM, Favali P, Griffa A, Purser A, Cline D, Edgington D, Navarro J, Stefanni S, D'Hondt S, Priede IG, Rountree R, Company JB. New High-Tech Flexible Networks for the Monitoring of Deep-Sea Ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:6616-6631. [PMID: 31074981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Increasing interest in the acquisition of biotic and abiotic resources from within the deep sea (e.g., fisheries, oil-gas extraction, and mining) urgently imposes the development of novel monitoring technologies, beyond the traditional vessel-assisted, time-consuming, high-cost sampling surveys. The implementation of permanent networks of seabed and water-column-cabled (fixed) and docked mobile platforms is presently enforced, to cooperatively measure biological features and environmental (physicochemical) parameters. Video and acoustic (i.e., optoacoustic) imaging are becoming central approaches for studying benthic fauna (e.g., quantifying species presence, behavior, and trophic interactions) in a remote, continuous, and prolonged fashion. Imaging is also being complemented by in situ environmental-DNA sequencing technologies, allowing the traceability of a wide range of organisms (including prokaryotes) beyond the reach of optoacoustic tools. Here, we describe the different fixed and mobile platforms of those benthic and pelagic monitoring networks, proposing at the same time an innovative roadmap for the automated computing of hierarchical ecological information on deep-sea ecosystems (i.e., from single species' abundance and life traits to community composition, and overall biodiversity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Aguzzi
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar (ICM-CSIC) , Paseo Marítimo de la Barceloneta, 37-49 , 08012 Barcelona , Spain
| | | | - Simone Marini
- Institute of Marine Sciences , National Research Council of Italy (CNR) , 19036 La Spezia , Italy
| | - Emanuela Fanelli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , Polytechnic University of Marche , 60121 Ancona , Italy
| | - Roberto Danovaro
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , Polytechnic University of Marche , 60121 Ancona , Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN) , 80121 Naples , Italy
| | | | - Nadine Lebris
- Oceanological Observatory , CNRS LECOB, Sorbonne University , 66650 Banyuls-sur-mer , France
| | - Francis Juanes
- Department of Biology , University of Victoria , Victoria , British Columbia V8W 2Y2 , Canada
| | - Fabio C De Leo
- Department of Biology , University of Victoria , Victoria , British Columbia V8W 2Y2 , Canada
- Ocean Networks Canada (ONC) , University of Victoria , Victoria , British Columbia V8N 1V8 , Canada
| | - Joaquin Del Rio
- OBSEA, SARTI , Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) , 08800 Barcelona , Spain
| | | | - Corrado Costa
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA-IT) , 00198 Monterotondo , Italy
| | - Giorgio Riccobene
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Laboratori Nazionali del Sud , 95125 Catania , Italy
| | - Cristian Tamburini
- Institut Méditerranéen d'Océanoloie (MIO) , 13288 Cedex 09 Marseille , France
| | - Dominique Lefevre
- Institut Méditerranéen d'Océanoloie (MIO) , 13288 Cedex 09 Marseille , France
| | - Carl Gojak
- DT INSU , 83507 La Seyne-sur-Mer , France
| | - Pierre-Marie Poulain
- Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS) , 34010 Trieste , Italy
| | - Paolo Favali
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) , 00143 Rome , Italy
- European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and Water-Column Observatory European Research Infrastructure Consortium (EMSO ERIC) , 00143 Rome , Italy
| | - Annalisa Griffa
- Institute of Marine Sciences , National Research Council of Italy (CNR) , 19036 La Spezia , Italy
| | - Autun Purser
- Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI) . 27515 Bremerhaven , Germany
| | - Danelle Cline
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) , Moss Landing , California 95039 , United States
| | - Duane Edgington
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) , Moss Landing , California 95039 , United States
| | - Joan Navarro
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar (ICM-CSIC) , Paseo Marítimo de la Barceloneta, 37-49 , 08012 Barcelona , Spain
| | | | - Steve D'Hondt
- Graduate School of Oceanography , University of Rhode Island , Narragansett , Rhode Island 02882 , United States
| | - Imants G Priede
- University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen AB24 3FX , United Kingdom
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research , 71003 Heraklion Crete , Greece
| | - Rodney Rountree
- Department of Biology , University of Victoria , Victoria , British Columbia V8W 2Y2 , Canada
- The Fish Listener , 23 Joshua Lane , Waquoit , Massachusetts 02536 , United States
| | - Joan B Company
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar (ICM-CSIC) , Paseo Marítimo de la Barceloneta, 37-49 , 08012 Barcelona , Spain
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Nikolich K, Towers JR. Vocalizations of common minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) in an eastern North Pacific feeding ground. BIOACOUSTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2018.1555716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jared R. Towers
- Marine Education and Research Society, Port McNeill, BC, Canada
- Bay Cetology, Alert Bay, BC, Canada
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7
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Sousa AG, Harris D. Description and seasonal detection of two potential whale calls recorded in the Indian Ocean. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2015; 138:1379-1388. [PMID: 26428776 DOI: 10.1121/1.4928719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Unidentified acoustic signals are recorded by hydrophones placed in the world's oceans. Some of these sounds are suspected to originate from marine mammals. In this study, two acoustic signals recorded by two arrays at Diego Garcia in the northern Indian Ocean are described. Data were available between January 2002 and December 2003. Signals were detected manually using long-term spectral average plots. Time and frequency measurements were taken from a sample of both signals. The first unidentified signal [Diego Garcia Downsweep (DGD)] consisted of two main components. The mean frequency range of the entire signal was 19.3-45.0 Hz, with a mean duration of 36.5 s (n = 22). Detections of DGD at the northern array peaked in the austral summer, though detections at the southern array peaked during winter and spring. The second unidentified signal [Diego Garcia Croak (DGC)] consisted of one component with a mean frequency range of 16.9-49.6 Hz. The mean duration of the signal was 13.1 s (n = 10). Detections of DGC did not follow a clear seasonal pattern. These signals followed characteristics of biological sources, suggesting that they could be whale calls. Fin whale calls and possible blue whales D-calls were also identified in the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia G Sousa
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, The Observatory, Buchanan Gardens, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9LZ, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle Harris
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, The Observatory, Buchanan Gardens, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9LZ, United Kingdom
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Rocha LH, Ferreira LS, Paula BC, Rodrigues FH, Sousa-Lima RS. An evaluation of manual and automated methods for detecting sounds of maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus Illiger 1815). BIOACOUSTICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2015.1019361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana H.S. Rocha
- Laboratory of Bioacoustics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychobiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Luane S. Ferreira
- Laboratory of Bioacoustics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Bruna C. Paula
- Laboratory of Bioacoustics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Flávio H.G. Rodrigues
- General Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Renata S. Sousa-Lima
- Laboratory of Bioacoustics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychobiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Bioacoustics Research Program, Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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9
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Akamatsu T, Rasmussen MH, Iversen M. Acoustically invisible feeding blue whales in Northern Icelandic waters. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2014; 136:939-944. [PMID: 25096128 DOI: 10.1121/1.4887439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fixed passive acoustic monitoring can be used for long-term recording of vocalizing cetaceans. Both presence monitoring and animal density estimation requires the call rates and sound source levels of vocalizations produced by single animals. In this study, blue whale calls were recorded using acoustic bio-logging systems in Skjálfandi Bay off Húsavík, Northeast Iceland, in June 2012. An accelerometer was attached to individual whales to monitor diving behavior. During 21 h recording two individuals, 8 h 45 min and 13 h 2 min, respectively, 105 and 104 lunge feeding events and four calls were recorded. All recorded calls were down-sweep calls ranging from 105 to 48 Hz. The sound duration was 1-2 s. The source level was estimated to be between 158 and 169 dB re 1μPa rms, assuming spherical sound propagation from the possible sound source location to the tag. The observed sound production rates and source levels of individual blue whales during feeding were extremely small compared with those observed previously in breeding grounds. The feeding whales were nearly acoustically invisible. The function of calls during feeding remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Akamatsu
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Engineering, Fisheries Research Agency, 7620-7 Hasaki, Kamisu, Ibaraki 314-0408, Japan
| | | | - Maria Iversen
- The University of Iceland's Research Center in Húsavík, Hafnarstétt 3, 640, Húsavík, Iceland
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Fujioka E, Soldevilla MS, Read AJ, Halpin PN. Integration of passive acoustic monitoring data into OBIS-SEAMAP, a global biogeographic database, to advance spatially-explicit ecological assessments. ECOL INFORM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mitogenomic phylogenetics of fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus spp.): genetic evidence for revision of subspecies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63396. [PMID: 23691042 PMCID: PMC3656932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There are three described subspecies of fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus): B. p. physalus Linnaeus, 1758 in the Northern Hemisphere, B. p. quoyi Fischer, 1829 in the Southern Hemisphere, and a recently described pygmy form, B. p. patachonica Burmeister, 1865. The discrete distribution in the North Pacific and North Atlantic raises the question of whether a single Northern Hemisphere subspecies is valid. We assess phylogenetic patterns using ~16 K base pairs of the complete mitogenome for 154 fin whales from the North Pacific, North Atlantic--including the Mediterranean Sea--and Southern Hemisphere. A Bayesian tree of the resulting 136 haplotypes revealed several well-supported clades representing each ocean basin, with no haplotypes shared among ocean basins. The North Atlantic haplotypes (n = 12) form a sister clade to those from the Southern Hemisphere (n = 42). The estimated time to most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) for this Atlantic/Southern Hemisphere clade and 81 of the 97 samples from the North Pacific was approximately 2 Ma. 14 of the remaining North Pacific samples formed a well-supported clade within the Southern Hemisphere. The TMRCA for this node suggests that at least one female from the Southern Hemisphere immigrated to the North Pacific approximately 0.37 Ma. These results provide strong evidence that North Pacific and North Atlantic fin whales should not be considered the same subspecies, and suggest the need for revision of the global taxonomy of the species.
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Matsumoto H, Jones C, Klinck H, Mellinger DK, Dziak RP, Meinig C. Tracking beaked whales with a passive acoustic profiler float. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2013; 133:731-740. [PMID: 23363092 DOI: 10.1121/1.4773260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic methods are frequently used to monitor endangered marine mammal species. Advantages of acoustic methods over visual ones include the ability to detect submerged animals, to work at night, and to work in any weather conditions. A relatively inexpensive and easy-to-use acoustic float, the QUEphone, was developed by converting a commercially available profiler float to a mobile platform, adding acoustic capability, and installing the ERMA cetacean click detection algorithm of Klinck and Mellinger [(2011). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 129(4), 1807-1812] running on a high-power DSP. The QUEphone was tested at detecting Blainville's beaked whales at the Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center (AUTEC), a Navy acoustic test range in the Bahamas, in June 2010. Beaked whale were present at AUTEC, and the performance of the QUEphone was compared with the Navy's Marine Mammal Monitoring on Navy Ranges (M3R) system. The field tests provided data useful to evaluate the QUEphone's operational capability as a tool to detect beaked whales and report their presence in near-real time. The range tests demonstrated that the QUEphone's beaked whale detections were comparable to that of M3R's, and that the float is effective at detecting beaked whales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haru Matsumoto
- Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies, Oregon State University, 2030 Marine Science Drive, Newport, Oregon 97365, USA.
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Ou H, Au WWL, Oswald JN. A non-spectrogram-correlation method of automatically detecting minke whale boings. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2012; 132:EL317-EL322. [PMID: 23039571 DOI: 10.1121/1.4747816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This letter introduces an algorithm for automatic detection of minke whale boing sounds. This method searches for frequency features of boings without calculating the continuous spectrogram of the data, thereby reducing computational time. The detector has been tested on 8 h of acoustic data recorded at the Station ALOHA Cabled Observatory in March 2007. This dataset was previously analyzed using the cross-correlation detector of XBAT and was verified by a human listener, as reported in Oswald et al. [(2011). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 129, 3353-3360]. A comparison of results indicates that the detector introduced here generates fewer false alarms, and it recognizes low-SNR calls that are missed by XBAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ou
- Marine Mammal Research Program, Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, P.O. Box 1106, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96734, USA.
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