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Grella SL, Donaldson TN. Contextual memory engrams, and the neuromodulatory influence of the locus coeruleus. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1342622. [PMID: 38375501 PMCID: PMC10875109 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1342622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Here, we review the basis of contextual memory at a conceptual and cellular level. We begin with an overview of the philosophical foundations of traversing space, followed by theories covering the material bases of contextual representations in the hippocampus (engrams), exploring functional characteristics of the cells and subfields within. Next, we explore various methodological approaches for investigating contextual memory engrams, emphasizing plasticity mechanisms. This leads us to discuss the role of neuromodulatory inputs in governing these dynamic changes. We then outline a recent hypothesis involving noradrenergic and dopaminergic projections from the locus coeruleus (LC) to different subregions of the hippocampus, in sculpting contextual representations, giving a brief description of the neuroanatomical and physiological properties of the LC. Finally, we examine how activity in the LC influences contextual memory processes through synaptic plasticity mechanisms to alter hippocampal engrams. Overall, we find that phasic activation of the LC plays an important role in promoting new learning and altering mnemonic processes at the behavioral and cellular level through the neuromodulatory influence of NE/DA in the hippocampus. These findings may provide insight into mechanisms of hippocampal remapping and memory updating, memory processes that are potentially dysregulated in certain psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. Grella
- MNEME Lab, Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Tia N. Donaldson
- Systems Neuroscience and Behavior Lab, Department of Psychology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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2
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Yoo HJ, Nashiro K, Dutt S, Min J, Cho C, Thayer JF, Lehrer P, Chang C, Mather M. Daily biofeedback to modulate heart rate oscillations affects structural volume in hippocampal subregions targeted by the locus coeruleus in older adults but not younger adults. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 132:85-99. [PMID: 37769491 PMCID: PMC10840698 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Using data from a clinical trial, we tested the hypothesis that daily sessions modulating heart rate oscillations affect older adults' volume of a region-of-interest (ROI) comprised of adjacent hippocampal subregions with relatively strong locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic input. Younger and older adults were randomly assigned to one of two daily biofeedback practices for 5 weeks: (1) engage in slow-paced breathing to increase the amplitude of oscillations in heart rate at their breathing frequency (Osc+); (2) engage in self-selected strategies to decrease heart rate oscillations (Osc-). The interventions did not significantly affect younger adults' hippocampal volume. Among older adults, the two conditions affected volume in the LC-targeted hippocampal ROI differentially as reflected in a significant condition × time-point interaction on ROI volume. These condition differences were driven by opposing changes in the two conditions (increased volume in Osc+ and decreased volume in Osc-) and were mediated by the degree of heart rate oscillation during training sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Joo Yoo
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Kaoru Nashiro
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Shubir Dutt
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jungwon Min
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Christine Cho
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | | | - Paul Lehrer
- Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08852, USA
| | - Catie Chang
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Mara Mather
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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3
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Yoo HJ, Nashiro K, Dutt S, Min J, Cho C, Thayer JF, Lehrer P, Chang C, Mather M. Daily biofeedback to modulate heart rate oscillations affects structural volume in hippocampal subregions targeted by the locus coeruleus in older adults but not younger adults. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.03.02.23286715. [PMID: 37745356 PMCID: PMC10516053 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.02.23286715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Using data from a clinical trial, we tested the hypothesis that daily sessions modulating heart rate oscillations affect older adults' volume of a region-of-interest (ROI) comprised of adjacent hippocampal subregions with relatively strong locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic input. Younger and older adults were randomly assigned to one of two daily biofeedback practices for 5 weeks: 1) engage in slow-paced breathing to increase the amplitude of oscillations in heart rate at their breathing frequency (Osc+); 2) engage in self-selected strategies to decrease heart rate oscillations (Osc-). The interventions did not significantly affect younger adults' hippocampal volume. Among older adults, the two conditions affected volume in the LC-targeted hippocampal ROI differentially as reflected in a significant condition x time-point interaction on ROI volume. These condition differences were driven by opposing changes in the two conditions (increased volume in Osc+ and decreased volume in Osc-) and were mediated by the degree of heart rate oscillation during training sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Joo Yoo
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Kaoru Nashiro
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Shubir Dutt
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Jungwon Min
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Christine Cho
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | | | | | | | - Mara Mather
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
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4
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Wilkinson CS, Blount HL, Schwendt M, Knackstedt LA. Brain Monoamine Dysfunction in Response to Predator Scent Stress Accompanies Stress-Susceptibility in Female Rats. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1055. [PMID: 37509091 PMCID: PMC10377406 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is prevalent in women; however, preclinical research on PTSD has predominantly been conducted in male animals. Using a predator scent stress (PSS) rodent model of PTSD, we sought to determine if stress-susceptible female rats show altered monoamine concentrations in brain regions associated with PTSD: the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc), and dorsal (dHIPP) and ventral (vHIPP) hippocampus. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to a single, 10-min PSS exposure and tested for persistent anhedonia, fear, and anxiety-like behavior over four weeks. Rats were phenotyped as stress-Susceptible based on sucrose consumption in the sucrose preference task and time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze. Brain tissue was collected, and norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, and their metabolites were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. Stress-susceptibility in female rats was associated with increased dopamine and serotonin turnover in the mPFC. Susceptibility was also associated with elevated dopamine turnover in the NAc and increased norepinephrine in the vHIPP. Our findings suggest that stress-susceptibility after a single stress exposure is associated with long-term effects on monoamine function in female rats. These data suggest interventions that decrease monoamine turnover, such as MAOIs, may be effective in the treatment of PTSD in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney S Wilkinson
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Harrison L Blount
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Marek Schwendt
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Center for OCD and Anxiety Related Disorders, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Lori A Knackstedt
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Center for OCD and Anxiety Related Disorders, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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5
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Bocian R, Broncel A, Konopacki J. Noradrenergic α1, α2, and β1receptors mediate VNS-induced theta oscillations. Brain Res 2023; 1804:148266. [PMID: 36717012 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Although vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) has been employed with success for almost four decades in many central nervous system disturbances, the physiological and pharmacological processes underlying this therapy are still unclear. Searching for central mechanisms of VNS is clinically limited. Hence, in many experiments, VNS technique is tested on the model of laboratory animals. In the present study we proceed with the experiments to verify some central effects of VNS. Specifically, we focussed on the hippocampal formation (HPC) noradrenergic profile which underlines the VNS-induced theta oscillations in anesthetized rats (Broncel et al., 2017; 2021). The effects of noradrenaline (NE) and selective noradrenergic α and β agonists and antagonists were tested in experiments organized in three stages. Initially, a nonspecific noradrenergic agonist, noradrenaline, was administrated. In the second stage, noradrenergic α and β agonists were applied. In the last stage, the administration of selected agonists was pretreated by specific antagonists. The results of the present study provide evidence that the selective activation of HPC α1, α2, and β1 noradrenergic receptors produce the inhibition of VNS-induced theta oscillations. Hippocampal β2 and β3 receptors were found not to be involved in the modulation of oscillations produced by the vagal nerve stimulation. The obtained outcomes are discussed in light of the effects of increased exogenous NE and induced release of endogenous NE.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bocian
- Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, The University of Lodz, Pomorska St. No 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - A Broncel
- Neuromedical Ltd., Research Department, Natolin 15, 92-701 Lodz, Poland.
| | - J Konopacki
- Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, The University of Lodz, Pomorska St. No 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
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Cognitive Impairment, Sleep Disturbance, and Depression in Women with Silicone Breast Implants: Association with Autoantibodies against Autonomic Nervous System Receptors. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060776. [PMID: 35740901 PMCID: PMC9221347 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Silicone breast implants (SBIs) has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of autoimmune diseases. In the current study, we aimed to explore the potential association between circulating autoantibodies against the autonomic nervous system and cognitive impairment, memory deficit, and depressive symptoms reported by women with SBIs. Methods: ELISA assays were used to quantify anti-adrenergic receptors (α1, α2, β1, β2), anti-muscarinic receptors (M1-M5), anti-endothelin receptor type A, and anti-angiotensin II type 1 receptor titers in the sera of 93 symptomatic female subjects with SBIs and 36 age-matched healthy female controls. Results: A significant difference was detected in the level of autoantibodies against the autonomic nervous system receptors in women with SBIs who reported memory impairment, cognitive impairment, and sleep disturbance as compared with both women with SBIs who did not complain of these symptoms or with healthy individuals without SBIs. Conclusions: Clinical symptoms such as depression, cognitive impairment, and sleep disturbances were found to be associated with dysregulation of the levels of circulating autoantibodies targeting the autonomous nervous system receptors in women with SBIs. These autoantibodies may have diagnostic significance in diseases associated with breast implants.
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7
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Broncel A, Bocian R, Kłos-Wojtczak P, Konopacki J. Noradrenergic Profile of Hippocampal Formation Theta Rhythm in Anaesthetized Rats. Neuroscience 2021; 473:13-28. [PMID: 34418519 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to identify the noradrenergic receptors underlying the production of hippocampal formation (HPC) type 2 theta rhythm. The experiments were performed on urethanized rats wherein type 2 theta is the only rhythm present. In three independent stages of experiments, the effects of noradrenaline (NE) and selective noradrenergic α and β agonists and antagonists were tested. We indicate that the selective activation of three HPC noradrenergic receptors, α1, α2 and β1, induced a similar effect (i.e., inhibition) on type 2 theta rhythm. The remaining HPC β2 and β3 noradrenergic receptors do not seem to be directly involved in the pharmacological mechanism responsible for the suppression of theta rhythm in anaesthetized rats. Obtained results provide evidence for the suppressant effect of exogenous NE on HPC type 2 theta rhythm and show the crucial role of α1, α2 and β1 noradrenergic receptors in the modulation of HPC mechanisms of oscillations and synchrony. This finding is in contrast to the effects of endogenous NE produced by electrical stimulation of the locus coeruleus (LC) and procaine injection into the LC (Broncel et al., 2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Broncel
- Neuromedical, Research Department, Natolin 15, 92-701 Lodz, Poland.
| | - R Bocian
- Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, The University of Lodz, Pomorska St. No 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - P Kłos-Wojtczak
- Neuromedical, Research Department, Natolin 15, 92-701 Lodz, Poland.
| | - J Konopacki
- Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, The University of Lodz, Pomorska St. No 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
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8
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Llano López LH, Melonari P, Olguin M, Fraile MD, Landa AI, Gargiulo PA. Effects of atenolol injected into the nucleus accumbens septi in rats in the elevated plus-maze test. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 31:jbcpp-2020-0003. [PMID: 32598313 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background In previous studies, we have observed that glutamate antagonists injected within the nucleus accumbens septi (NAS) induced an anxiolytic-like effect in the elevated plus maze (EPM) test in rats. In the present study, the effect of Atenolol, a specific Beta Adreno-receptor antagonist in the EPM was studied in male rats bilaterally cannulated NAS. Methods Rats were divided into five groups that received either 1 μL injections of saline or atenolol in different doses (0.75, 1 or 2 μg/1 μL, n=15-16) 15 min before testing. Results Time Spent in the Open Arm was modified by treatment (F=4.563, p=0.006, df 3). This was increased by the lowest dose of atenolol (p<0.05), by the medium doses (p<0.001) and also by the highest dose (p<0.01). Time per Entry was modified by treatment (F=4.54, p=0.06, df 3). This parameter was increased by the lowest dose of atenolol (p<0.01), but not for the medium and higher doses. Conclusions We conclude that Atenolol beta receptor blockade in the accumbens lead to an anxiolytic-like effect related to an increase in the time spent in the open arm and in the time per entry, showing specific behavioral patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis H Llano López
- National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Laboratory of Neurosciences and Experimental Psychology, Ciudad Universitaria, Parque General San Martin, Mendoza, Argentina.,National University of Cuyo, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Area of Pharmacology, Department of Pathology, Ciudad Universitaria, Parque General San Martin, Mendoza, Argentina.,Servicio de Terapia Intensiva Infantil, Hospital Pediátrico Dr. Humberto Notti, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Pablo Melonari
- National University of Cuyo, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Area of Pharmacology, Department of Pathology, Ciudad Universitaria, Parque General San Martin, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Marisa Olguin
- National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Laboratory of Neurosciences and Experimental Psychology, Ciudad Universitaria, Parque General San Martin, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Miriam Débora Fraile
- National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Laboratory of Neurosciences and Experimental Psychology, Ciudad Universitaria, Parque General San Martin, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Adriana I Landa
- National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Laboratory of Neurosciences and Experimental Psychology, Ciudad Universitaria, Parque General San Martin, Mendoza, Argentina.,National University of Cuyo, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Area of Pharmacology, Department of Pathology, Ciudad Universitaria, Parque General San Martin, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Pascual A Gargiulo
- National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Laboratory of Neurosciences and Experimental Psychology, Ciudad Universitaria, Parque General San Martin, Mendoza, Argentina.,National University of Cuyo, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Area of Pharmacology, Department of Pathology, Ciudad Universitaria, Parque General San Martin, Mendoza, Argentina
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9
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Amemiya S, Redish AD. Hippocampal Theta-Gamma Coupling Reflects State-Dependent Information Processing in Decision Making. Cell Rep 2019; 22:3328-3338. [PMID: 29562187 PMCID: PMC5929482 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.02.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During decision making, hippocampal activity encodes information sometimes about present and sometimes about potential future plans. The mechanisms underlying this transition remain unknown. Building on the evidence that gamma oscillations at different frequencies (low gamma [LG], 30–55 Hz; high gamma [HG], 60–90 Hz; and epsilon, 100–140 Hz) reflect inputs from different circuits, we identified how changes in those frequencies reflect different information-processing states. Using a unique noradrenergic manipulation by clonidine, which shifted both neural representations and gamma states, we found that future representations depended on gamma components. These changes were identifiable on each cycle of theta as asymmetries in the theta cycle, which arose from changes within the ratio of LG and HG power and the underlying phases of those gamma rhythms within the theta cycle. These changes in asymmetry of the theta cycle reflected changes in representations of present and future on each theta cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichiro Amemiya
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - A David Redish
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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10
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Kim JW, Han KR, Kim W, Jung HY, Nam SM, Yoo DY, Hwang IK, Seong JK, Yoon YS. Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis Can Be Enhanced by Cold Challenge Independently From Beigeing Effects. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:92. [PMID: 30890905 PMCID: PMC6411820 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of cold challenge on adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) and hippocampal gene expression and whether these are mediated by beigeing of peripheral fat tissues. Cold challenge (6 ± 2°C) for 1 and 4 weeks was found to induce beigeing effects in inguinal white adipose tissue based on hematoxylin and eosin staining as well as uncoupled protein-1 immunohistochemical staining. In the hippocampus, cold challenge for 1 or 4 weeks increased dentate gyrus neurogenesis and expression of genes related to AHN, including notch signaling, G protein-coupled receptor signaling, and adrenergic beta receptor-1. However, this enhancement of neurogenesis and gene expression by cold challenge was not shown by administration of CL 316,243, which induces peripheral beigeing similar to cold challenge but does not cross the blood–brain barrier. These results suggest that cold challenge promotes AHN and central expression of AHN-related, signaling, and β1-adrenergic receptors genes, and that peripheral beigeing by itself is not sufficient to mediate these effects. Considering the increase in AHN and gene expression changes, cold challenge may offer a novel approach to hippocampal modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Whi Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu Ri Han
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woosuk Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo Young Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Min Nam
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae Young Yoo
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeo Sung Yoon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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11
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Valand R, Magnusson P, Dziendzikowska K, Gajewska M, Wilczak J, Oczkowski M, Kamola D, Królikowski T, Kruszewski M, Lankoff A, Mruk R, Marcus Eide D, Sapierzyński R, Gromadzka-Ostrowska J, Duale N, Øvrevik J, Myhre O. Gene expression changes in rat brain regions after 7- and 28 days inhalation exposure to exhaust emissions from 1st and 2nd generation biodiesel fuels - The FuelHealth project. Inhal Toxicol 2018; 30:299-312. [DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1520370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renate Valand
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Magnusson
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katarzyna Dziendzikowska
- Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Gajewska
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Wilczak
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Oczkowski
- Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Kamola
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Królikowski
- Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Lankoff
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
- Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Remigiusz Mruk
- Faculty of Production Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dag Marcus Eide
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rafał Sapierzyński
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Nur Duale
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oddvar Myhre
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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12
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Hofer T, Duale N, Muusse M, Eide DM, Dahl H, Boix F, Andersen JM, Olsen AK, Myhre O. Restoration of Cognitive Performance in Mice Carrying a Deficient Allele of 8-Oxoguanine DNA Glycosylase by X-ray Irradiation. Neurotox Res 2017; 33:824-836. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9833-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Prince LY, Bacon TJ, Tigaret CM, Mellor JR. Neuromodulation of the Feedforward Dentate Gyrus-CA3 Microcircuit. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2016; 8:32. [PMID: 27799909 PMCID: PMC5065980 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2016.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The feedforward dentate gyrus-CA3 microcircuit in the hippocampus is thought to activate ensembles of CA3 pyramidal cells and interneurons to encode and retrieve episodic memories. The creation of these CA3 ensembles depends on neuromodulatory input and synaptic plasticity within this microcircuit. Here we review the mechanisms by which the neuromodulators aceylcholine, noradrenaline, dopamine, and serotonin reconfigure this microcircuit and thereby infer the net effect of these modulators on the processes of episodic memory encoding and retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Y Prince
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol Bristol, UK
| | - Travis J Bacon
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol Bristol, UK
| | - Cezar M Tigaret
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol Bristol, UK
| | - Jack R Mellor
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol Bristol, UK
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14
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Hagena H, Hansen N, Manahan-Vaughan D. β-Adrenergic Control of Hippocampal Function: Subserving the Choreography of Synaptic Information Storage and Memory. Cereb Cortex 2016; 26:1349-64. [PMID: 26804338 PMCID: PMC4785955 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Noradrenaline (NA) is a key neuromodulator for the regulation of behavioral state and cognition. It supports learning by increasing arousal and vigilance, whereby new experiences are “earmarked” for encoding. Within the hippocampus, experience-dependent information storage occurs by means of synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, novel spatial, contextual, or associative learning drives changes in synaptic strength, reflected by the strengthening of long-term potentiation (LTP) or long-term depression (LTD). NA acting on β-adrenergic receptors (β-AR) is a key determinant as to whether new experiences result in persistent hippocampal synaptic plasticity. This can even dictate the direction of change of synaptic strength. The different hippocampal subfields play different roles in encoding components of a spatial representation through LTP and LTD. Strikingly, the sensitivity of synaptic plasticity in these subfields to β-adrenergic control is very distinct (dentate gyrus > CA3 > CA1). Moreover, NA released from the locus coeruleus that acts on β-AR leads to hippocampal LTD and an enhancement of LTD-related memory processing. We propose that NA acting on hippocampal β-AR, that is graded according to the novelty or saliency of the experience, determines the content and persistency of synaptic information storage in the hippocampal subfields and therefore of spatial memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardy Hagena
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Niels Hansen
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Jenson D, Yang K, Acevedo-Rodriguez A, Levine A, Broussard JI, Tang J, Dani JA. Dopamine and norepinephrine receptors participate in methylphenidate enhancement of in vivo hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Neuropharmacology 2014; 90:23-32. [PMID: 25445492 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly studied and diagnosed psychiatric disorder in children. Methylphenidate (MPH, e.g., Ritalin) has been used to treat ADHD for over 50 years. It is the most commonly prescribed treatment for ADHD, and in the past decade it was the drug most commonly prescribed to teenagers. In addition, MPH has become one of the most widely abused drugs on college campuses. In this study, we examined the effects of MPH on hippocampal synaptic plasticity, which serves as a measurable quantification of memory mechanisms. Field potentials were recorded with permanently implanted electrodes in freely-moving mice to quantify MPH modulation of perforant path synaptic transmission onto granule cells of the dentate gyrus. Our hypothesis was that MPH affects hippocampal synaptic plasticity underlying learning because MPH boosts catecholamine signaling by blocking the dopamine and norepinephrine transporters (DAT and NET respectively). In vitro hippocampal slice experiments indicated MPH enhances perforant path plasticity, and this MPH enhancement arose from action via D1-type dopamine receptors and β-type adrenergic receptors. Similarly, MPH boosted in vivo initiation of long-term potentiation (LTP). While there was an effect via both dopamine and adrenergic receptors in vivo, LTP induction was more dependent on the MPH-induced action via D1-type dopamine receptors. Under biologically reasonable experimental conditions, MPH enhances hippocampal synaptic plasticity via catecholamine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jenson
- Department of Neuroscience, Center on Addiction, Learning, Memory, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kechun Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexandra Acevedo-Rodriguez
- Department of Neuroscience, Center on Addiction, Learning, Memory, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Amber Levine
- Department of Neuroscience, Center on Addiction, Learning, Memory, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John I Broussard
- Department of Neuroscience, Center on Addiction, Learning, Memory, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianrong Tang
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John A Dani
- Department of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Wilson CB, McLaughlin LD, Ebenezer PJ, Nair AR, Dange R, Harre JG, Shaak TL, Diamond DM, Francis J. Differential effects of sertraline in a predator exposure animal model of post-traumatic stress disorder. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:256. [PMID: 25126063 PMCID: PMC4115632 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), and other neurotransmitters are modulated in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In addition, pro-inflammatory cytokines (PIC) are elevated during the progression of the disorder. Currently, the only approved pharmacologic treatments for PTSD are the selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) sertraline and paroxetine, but their efficacy in treating PTSD is marginal at best. In combat-related PTSD, SSRIs are of limited effectiveness. Thus, this study sought to analyze the effects of the SSRI sertraline on inflammation and neurotransmitter modulation via a predator exposure/psychosocial stress animal model of PTSD. We hypothesized that sertraline would diminish inflammatory components and increase 5-HT but might also affect levels of other neurotransmitters, particularly NE. PTSD-like effects were induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 6/group × 4 groups). The rats were secured in Plexiglas cylinders and placed in a cage with a cat for 1 h on days 1 and 11 of a 31-day stress regimen. PTSD rats were also subjected to psychosocial stress via daily cage cohort changes. At the conclusion of the stress regimen, treatment group animals were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with sertraline HCl at 10 mg/kg for 7 consecutive days, while controls received i.p. vehicle. The animals were subsequently sacrificed on day 8. Sertraline attenuated inflammatory markers and normalized 5-HT levels in the central nervous system (CNS). In contrast, sertraline produced elevations in NE in the CNS and systemic circulation of SSRI treated PTSD and control groups. This increase in NE suggests SSRIs produce a heightened noradrenergic response, which might elevate anxiety in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Brad Wilson
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Leslie D McLaughlin
- Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Philip J Ebenezer
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Anand R Nair
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Rahul Dange
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Joseph G Harre
- Air Force Clinical Research Laboratory, Keesler Air Force Base MS, USA
| | - Thomas L Shaak
- Air Force Clinical Research Laboratory, Keesler Air Force Base MS, USA
| | - David M Diamond
- Medical Research Service, VA Hospital Tampa, FL, USA ; Departments of Psychology and Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Center for Preclinical and Clinical Research on PTSD, University of South Florida Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Joseph Francis
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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Wilson CB, McLaughlin LD, Ebenezer PJ, Nair AR, Francis J. Valproic acid effects in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in an animal model of post-traumatic stress disorder. Behav Brain Res 2014; 268:72-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Wilson CB, Ebenezer PJ, McLaughlin LD, Francis J. Predator exposure/psychosocial stress animal model of post-traumatic stress disorder modulates neurotransmitters in the rat hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89104. [PMID: 24551226 PMCID: PMC3925189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can develop in response to a traumatic event involving a threat to life. To date, no diagnostic biomarkers have been identified for PTSD. Recent research points toward physiological abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, sympathoadrenal medullary and immune system that may be implicated in the disorder. The modulation of neurotransmitters is another possible mechanism, but their role in the progression of PTSD is poorly understood. Low serotonin (5-HT) may be a factor, but it may not be the only neurotransmitter affected as modulation affects levels of other neurotransmitters. In this study, we hypothesized the predator exposure/psychosocial stress rodent model of PTSD may alter levels of 5-HT and other neurotransmitters in the rat hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this experiment. We induced PTSD via a predator exposure/psychosocial stress model, whereby rats were placed in a cage with a cat for 1 hour on days 1 and 11 of the 31-day experiment. Rats also received psychosocial stress via daily cage cohort changes. On day 32, the rats were sacrificed and the brains dissected to remove the hippocampus and PFC. Norepinephrine (NE), 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), homovanillic acid (HVA), dopamine (DA), and 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and 5-HT levels in the hippocampus and PFC were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In the hippocampus, 5-HT and HVA were lower, while NE and DOPAC were higher, in the PTSD group vs. controls. In the PFC, only 5-HT was lower, while NE, DA, and DOPAC were higher, in the PTSD group vs. controls. The rate limiting enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase and tryptophan hydroxylase were also examined and confirmed our findings. These results demonstrate that the predator exposure/psychosocial stress model of PTSD produces neurotransmitter changes similar to those seen in human patients and may cause a heightened noradrenergic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Brad Wilson
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Philip J. Ebenezer
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Leslie D. McLaughlin
- Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LDM); (JF)
| | - Joseph Francis
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LDM); (JF)
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Bidirectional modulation of hippocampal gamma (20–80Hz) frequency activity in vitro via alpha(α)- and beta(β)-adrenergic receptors (AR). Neuroscience 2013; 253:142-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Effects of an Agonist of β2 Adrenoreceptors on Reactions of Pyramidal Neurons of Area CA1 of the Rat Hippocampus Modified Due to Blocking of GABAA Receptors. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-013-9370-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Hagena H, Manahan-Vaughan D. Learning-facilitated long-term depression and long-term potentiation at mossy fiber-CA3 synapses requires activation of β-adrenergic receptors. Front Integr Neurosci 2012; 6:23. [PMID: 22654741 PMCID: PMC3358719 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2012.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning-facilitated plasticity refers to hippocampal synaptic plasticity that is facilitated by novel spatial learning events. Both long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are facilitated by novel hippocampus-dependent learning. This has important ramifications for our understanding of how the hippocampus encodes memory. One structure that is rarely studied in vivo, but is believed to be crucially important for working and long-term memory processing is the hippocampal CA3 region. Whereas learning-facilitated plasticity has been described in this structure, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have not been explored. The noradrenergic system plays an important role in arousal and qualification of new information as salient. It regulates synaptic plasticity in the dentate gyrus and CA1, but nothing is known about the regulation by the noradrenergic system of synaptic plasticity in the CA3 region. We explored whether β-adrenergic receptors contribute to learning-facilitated plasticity at mossy fiber (mf)-CA3 synapses of behaving rats. We found that receptor antagonism had no effect on basal synaptic transmission, short-term potentiation (STP), short-term depression, LTP, or LTD, that were electrically induced by patterned afferent stimulation. We found, however, that both learning-facilitated LTP and LTD were prevented by antagonism of β-adrenergic receptors, whereas the agonist isoproterenol facilitated STP into LTP. Thus, learning-facilitated and electrically-induced plasticity may not share the same prerequisites. These results support that the mf synapse engages in a distinct aspect of encoding of spatial information that involves both LTP and LTD. Furthermore, changes in arousal that are coupled to new learning are associated with activation of hippocampal β-adrenergic receptors that in turn comprise a key element in this type of information acquisition and processing by the CA3 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardy Hagena
- Medical Faculty, Department of Neurophysiology, Ruhr University Bochum Bochum, Germany
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22
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Hazra A, Rosenbaum R, Bodmann B, Cao S, Josić K, Žiburkus J. β-Adrenergic modulation of spontaneous spatiotemporal activity patterns and synchrony in hyperexcitable hippocampal circuits. J Neurophysiol 2012; 108:658-71. [PMID: 22496530 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00708.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A description of healthy and pathological brain dynamics requires an understanding of spatiotemporal patterns of neural activity and characteristics of its propagation between interconnected circuits. However, the structure and modulation of the neural activation maps underlying these patterns and their propagation remain elusive. We investigated effects of β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) stimulation on the spatiotemporal characteristics of emergent activity in rat hippocampal circuits. Synchronized epileptiform-like activity, such as interictal bursts (IBs) and ictal-like events (ILEs), were evoked by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), and their dynamics were studied using a combination of electrophysiology and fast voltage-sensitive dye imaging. Dynamic characterization of the spontaneous IBs showed that they originated in dentate gyrus/CA3 border and propagated toward CA1. To determine how β-AR modulates spatiotemporal characteristics of the emergent IBs, we used the β-AR agonist isoproterenol (ISO). ISO significantly reduced the spatiotemporal extent and propagation velocity of the IBs and significantly altered network activity in the 1- to 20-Hz range. Dual whole cell recordings of the IBs in CA3/CA1 pyramidal cells and optical analysis of those regions showed that ISO application reduced interpyramidal and interregional synchrony during the IBs. In addition, ISO significantly reduced duration not only of the shorter duration IBs but also the prolonged ILEs in 4-AP. To test whether the decrease in ILE duration was model dependent, we used a different hyperexcitability model, zero magnesium (0 Mg(2+)). Prolonged ILEs were readily formed in 0 Mg(2+), and addition of ISO significantly reduced their durations. Taken together, these novel results provide evidence that β-AR activation dynamically reshapes the spatiotemporal activity patterns in hyperexcitable circuits by altering network rhythmogenesis, propagation velocity, and intercellular/regional synchronization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Hazra
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5001, USA
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Piccolini V, Cerri S, Romanelli E, Bernocchi G. Interactions of neurotransmitter systems during postnatal development of the rat hippocampal formation: Effects of cisplatin. Exp Neurol 2012; 234:239-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Belujon P, Grace AA. Hippocampus, amygdala, and stress: interacting systems that affect susceptibility to addiction. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2011; 1216:114-21. [PMID: 21272015 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05896.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Stress is one of the major factors in drug abuse, particularly in relapse and drug-seeking behavior. However, the mechanisms underlying the interactions between stress and drug abuse are unclear. For many years, studies have focused on the role of the dopaminergic reward system in drug abuse. Our results, for example, show that increased dopaminergic activity is induced by drug sensitization and different stressors via potentiation of the ventral subiculum-nucleus accumbens (NAc) pathway. Although the role of the norepinephrine (NE) system in stress is well known, its involvement in drug abuse has received less attention. This review explores the different mechanisms by which stressors can modulate the ventral subiculum-accumbens pathway, and how these modulations can induce alterations in the behavioral response to drug administration. In particular, we will focus on two main afferents to the NAc, the basolateral amygdala and the ventral subiculum of the hippocampus, and their interactions with the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Belujon
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
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β2 Adrenoreceptor-Mediated Noradrenergic Effect on GABA-ergic Transmission in the CA1 Zone of the Rat Hippocampus in vitro. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-010-9146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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26
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O'Dell TJ, Connor SA, Gelinas JN, Nguyen PV. Viagra for your synapses: Enhancement of hippocampal long-term potentiation by activation of beta-adrenergic receptors. Cell Signal 2010; 22:728-36. [PMID: 20043991 PMCID: PMC2826554 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Revised: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Beta-adrenergic receptors (beta-ARs) critically modulate long-lasting synaptic plasticity and long-term memory storage in the mammalian brain. Synaptic plasticity is widely believed to mediate memory storage at the cellular level. Long-term potentiation (LTP) is one type of synaptic plasticity that has been linked to memory storage. Activation of beta-ARs can enhance LTP and facilitate long-term memory storage. Interestingly, many of the molecular signaling pathways that are critical for beta-adrenergic modulation of LTP mirror those required for the persistence of memory. In this article, we review the roles of signaling cascades and translation regulation in enabling beta-ARs to control expression of long-lasting LTP in the rodent hippocampus. These include the cyclic-AMP/protein kinase-A (cAMP-PKA) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase cascades, two key pathways known to link transmitter receptors with translation regulation. Future research directions are discussed, with emphasis on defining the roles of signaling complexes (e.g. PSD-95) and glutamatergic receptors in controlling the efficacy of beta-AR modulation of LTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. O'Dell
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Center for the Health Sciences, Box 951751, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1751, USA
| | - Steven A. Connor
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta School of Medicine, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Jennifer N. Gelinas
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Peter V. Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta School of Medicine, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta School of Medicine, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
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Grisanti LA, Evanson J, Marchus E, Jorissen H, Woster AP, DeKrey W, Sauter ER, Combs CK, Porter JE. Pro-inflammatory responses in human monocytes are beta1-adrenergic receptor subtype dependent. Mol Immunol 2010; 47:1244-54. [PMID: 20116105 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stress induced circulating catecholamines are hypothesized to selectively activate adrenergic receptors (ARs) on immunocompetent cells modulating their inflammatory response to trauma or environmental toxins. We characterized changes in expression of a pro-inflammatory cytokine modulated by beta-AR activation in human primary and immortalized monocytes that had been simultaneously stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Results from cytokine antibody arrays demonstrated that half-maximal effective concentrations of the selective beta-AR agonist isoproterenol (Iso) qualitatively increased LPS-mediated expression of the soluble cytokine, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). Semi-quantitative immunoblot techniques confirmed a synergistic increase of IL-1beta production in both LPS stimulated THP-1 cells and primary human monocytes co-incubated with Iso. Immunoblot techniques as well as radioligand binding studies were also used to characterize the heterogeneous expression of beta(1)- and beta(2)-AR subtypes on THP-1 cells. beta-AR activation is classically associated with generation of cAMP in many tissues and cell types. Therefore, using the method of Schild, we generated Iso concentration-response curves in the presence of fixed subtype-selective beta-AR antagonist concentrations to demonstrate that beta(1)-AR activation was exclusively linked with the generation of cAMP in THP-1 cells. Furthermore, use of a selective kinase inhibitor demonstrated that Iso potentiated the expression of soluble IL-1beta through activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A. Finally, discriminating concentrations of subtype-selective beta-AR antagonists revealed that beta(1)-AR stimulation alone accounted for the synergistic production of IL-1beta in LPS stimulated monocytes co-incubated with Iso. These results demonstrate a unique synergistic pro-inflammatory response mediated through a beta(1)-AR cAMP-dependent mechanism in LPS-challenged monocytic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel A Grisanti
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Therapeutics, The University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9037, USA
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Morrow SA, Kaushik T, Zarevics P, Erlanger D, Bear MF, Munschauer FE, Benedict RHB. The effects of L-amphetamine sulfate on cognition in MS patients: results of a randomized controlled trial. J Neurol 2009; 256:1095-102. [PMID: 19263186 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-009-5074-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Revised: 02/06/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Defects in processing speed and memory are common in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. In other populations, amphetamines have been shown to enhance cognition, but their use is limited by adverse behavioral effects. The L-isomer may have equivalent cognition enhancement with less adverse effects due to decreased potency in subcortical areas. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of L-amphetamine sulfate in the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in MS. This was a 2:1 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial, involving 33 MS clinics across the USA. One hundred and fifty-one clinically definite MS patients with documented cognitive dysfunction who were relapse free for >or=90 days, with an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) <or=6.5, and with no other medical/psychiatric condition that may cause psychological dysfunction were randomized to 30 mg of oral L-amphetamine sulfate or placebo for 29 days, including a dose escalation period. A history of cardiac disease, uncontrolled hypertension or electrocardiograph abnormalities resulted in exclusion. The primary outcomes were the Subject Global Assessment of Change and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). Secondary outcomes were the results from the California Verbal Learning Test, second edition (CVLT2), Brief Visual Memory Test-Revised (BVMTR), and Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT). One hundred and thirty-six subjects completed the study. No differences were found at baseline in demographics or in the results of the neuropsychological tests. After treatment, the active group performed significantly better for total learning (P = 0.041) and delayed recall (P < 0.01) on the BVMTR, and for delayed recall (P = 0.012) on the CVLT2. Five patients (four from the treatment group, one placebo) withdrew due to intolerable adverse events. L-amphetamine sulfate was associated with improved learning and memory and was well tolerated in this study. However, because the positive findings were observed on secondary outcome measures, the study requires replication before L: -amphetamine sulfate can be recommended for the treatment of cognitive impairment in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Morrow
- Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York at Buffalo, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA
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Memory processing in the avian hippocampus involves interactions between beta-adrenoceptors, glutamate receptors, and metabolism. Neuropsychopharmacology 2008; 33:2831-46. [PMID: 18256591 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2008.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Noradrenaline is known to modulate memory formation in the mammalian hippocampus. We have examined how noradrenaline and selective beta-adrenoceptor (AR) agonists affect memory consolidation and how antagonists inhibit memory consolidation in the avian hippocampus. Injection of selective beta-AR agonists and antagonists at specific times within 30 min of a weakly or strongly reinforced, single-trial, bead discrimination learning test in 1-day-old chicks allowed us to determine the pattern of beta-AR involvement in hippocampal memory processing. Different beta-AR subtypes were recruited in temporal sequence after learning in the order beta(1), beta(3), and beta(2.) We provide evidence that the effect of manipulation of beta(1)-ARs by selective agonists and antagonists within 2.5 min of training parallels the action of NMDA receptor agonists and antagonists. Activation of beta(3)- and beta(2)-ARs facilitated memory but utilized different mechanisms: beta(3)-ARs by stimulating glucose uptake and metabolism, and beta(2)-ARs by increasing the breakdown of glycogen--with both metabolic events occurring in astrocytes and affecting intermediate memory. The different receptors are activated at different times within the lifetime of labile memory and within 30 min of learning. We have defined separate roles for the three beta-ARs in memory and demonstrated that the avian hippocampus is involved in learning and memory in much the same way as the hippocampus in the mammalian brain.
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β-adrenergic receptors are differentially expressed in distinct interneuron subtypes in the rat hippocampus. J Comp Neurol 2008; 509:551-65. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.21758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Kelly T, Mann M, Church J. The slow afterhyperpolarization modulates high pH-induced changes in the excitability of rat CA1 pyramidal neurons. Eur J Neurosci 2007; 26:2844-56. [PMID: 18001281 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05903.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Extra- and intracellular recordings from the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices were employed to examine the role of the slow afterhyperpolarization (sAHP) in modulating the increases in neuronal excitability observed on increasing extracellular pH (pHo) from 7.4 to 7.7. In the majority of experiments, an antidromic conditioning stimulus applied in the presence of D(-)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (D-APV), 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione disodium salt (CNQX) and bicuculline was employed to elicit a sAHP, and an antidromic test stimulus was applied during the sAHP. At pHo 7.4, a single conditioning stimulus elicited an action potential followed by a sAHP, which in turn inhibited the response to the test stimulus compared with the conditioning stimulus. Increasing the number of action potentials in the conditioning stimulus augmented the sAHP and further inhibited the test response, whereas isoproterenol inhibited the sAHP and prevented the relative inhibition of the test response. At pHo 7.7, a single conditioning stimulus elicited a burst of action potentials followed by a large sAHP, which in turn prevented the test stimulus from eliciting a burst of action potentials and, in extracellular recordings, further increased the inhibition of the test response. The latter effect did not solely reflect a high pHo-induced increase in the conditioning response (and, thus, the subsequent sAHP), but rather involved a more direct effect of high pHo to augment the sAHP. The results indicate that increasing pHo increases the excitability of CA1 neurons to an initial stimulus; however, a high pHo-dependent increase in the sAHP evoked by the initial stimulus limits the response to subsequent stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Kelly
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3.
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Joëls M, Karst H, Krugers HJ, Lucassen PJ. Chronic stress: implications for neuronal morphology, function and neurogenesis. Front Neuroendocrinol 2007; 28:72-96. [PMID: 17544065 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2007.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2007] [Revised: 04/12/2007] [Accepted: 04/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In normal life, organisms are repeatedly exposed to brief periods of stress, most of which can be controlled and adequately dealt with. The presently available data indicate that such brief periods of stress have little influence on the shape of neurons or adult neurogenesis, yet change the physiological function of cells in two time-domains. Shortly after stress excitability in limbic areas is rapidly enhanced, but also in brainstem neurons which produce catecholamines; collectively, during this phase the stress hormones promote focused attention, alertness, vigilance and the initial steps in encoding of information linked to the event. Later on, when the hormone concentrations are back to their pre-stress level, gene-mediated actions by corticosteroids reverse and normalize the enhanced excitability, an adaptive response meant to curtail defense reactions against stressors and to enable further storage of relevant information. When stress is experienced repetitively in an uncontrollable and unpredictable manner, a cascade of processes in brain is started which eventually leads to profound, region-specific alterations in dendrite and spine morphology, to suppression of adult neurogenesis and to inappropriate functional responses to a brief stress exposure including a sensitized activation phase and inadequate normalization of brain activity. Although various compounds can effectively prevent these cellular changes by chronic stress, the exact mechanism by which the effects are accomplished is poorly understood. One of the challenges for future research is to link the cellular changes seen in animal models for chronic stress to behavioral effects and to understand the risks they can impose on humans for the precipitation of stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Joëls
- SILS-CNS, University of Amsterdam, Kruislaan 320, 1098 SM Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Hu Y, Zhang Y, Venkitaramani DV, Lombroso PJ. Translation of striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP) after beta1-adrenergic receptor stimulation. J Neurochem 2007; 103:531-41. [PMID: 17623046 PMCID: PMC2679031 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04749.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The beta-adrenergic system is implicated in long-term synaptic plasticity in the CNS, a process that requires protein synthesis. To identify proteins that are translated in response to beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation and the pathways that regulate this process, we investigated the effects of isoproterenol on the translation of striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP) in both cortico-striatal slices and primary neuronal cultures. Isoproterenol stimulation induced a rapid dose-dependent increase in STEP expression. Anisomycin blocked the increase in STEP expression while actinomycin D had no effect, suggesting a translation-dependent mechanism. Isoproterenol-induced STEP translation required activation of beta1-receptors. Application of the MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitor SL327 blocked both isoproterenol-induced activation of pERK and subsequent STEP translation. Inhibitors of PI3K (LY294002) or mTOR (rapamycin) also completely blocked STEP translation. These results suggest that co-activation of both the ERK and PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathways are required for STEP translation. As one of the substrates of STEP includes ERK itself, these results suggest that STEP is translated upon beta-adrenergic activation as part of a negative feedback mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul J. Lombroso
- Address correspondence to: Paul J. Lombroso, Child Study Center, SHM I-270, Yale University School of Medicine, 230 South Frontage Road, New Haven, CT 06520, Tel: 203-737-2224; Fax: 203-785-7611; E-mail:
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Guo NN, Li BM. Cellular and subcellular distributions of beta1- and beta2-adrenoceptors in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the rat hippocampus. Neuroscience 2007; 146:298-305. [PMID: 17337326 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2006] [Accepted: 01/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Beta-adrenoceptors (ARs) in the hippocampus play an important role in regulating synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation. However, little is known about the distributions of beta-ARs in the hippocampus, especially in the cornu ammonis (CA)1 and CA3 regions of Sprague-Dawley rats. Here, we report that beta1- and beta2-ARs in the CA1 and CA3 regions have differential subcellular distributions. Using double immunofluorescence labeling and confocal laser scanning microscopy, we found that almost all of the neuronal nuclei positive cells express beta1- and beta2-ARs, while few glial fibrillary acidic protein positive cells express them. Interestingly, beta1-ARs are predominantly distributed in the cell membrane and cytoplasm, whereas beta2-ARs are predominantly distributed not only in the membrane and cytoplasm, but also in the nucleus. The differential subcellular distribution of beta1- and beta2-ARs may have functional significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- N-N Guo
- Laboratory of Higher Brain Functions, Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Hillman KL, Doze VA, Porter JE. Functional characterization of the beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes expressed by CA1 pyramidal cells in the rat hippocampus. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 314:561-7. [PMID: 15908513 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.105.084947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that activation of the beta-adrenergic receptor (AR) using the selective beta-AR agonist isoproterenol (ISO) facilitates pyramidal cell long-term potentiation in the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) region of the rat hippocampus. We have previously analyzed beta-AR genomic expression patterns of 17 CA1 pyramidal cells using single cell reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, demonstrating that all samples expressed the beta2-AR transcript, with four of the 17 cells additionally expressing mRNA for the beta1-AR subtype. However, it has not been determined which beta-AR subtypes are functionally expressed in CA1 for these same pyramidal neurons. Using cell-attached recordings, we tested the ability of ISO to increase pyramidal cell action potential (AP) frequency in the presence of subtype-selective beta-AR antagonists. ICI-118,551 [(+/-)-1-[2,3-(dihydro-7-methyl-1H-inden-4-yl)oxy]-3-[(1-methylethyl)amino]-2-butanol] and butoxamine [alpha-[1-(t-butylamino)ethyl]-2,5-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol) hydrochloride], agents that selectively block the beta2-AR, produced significant parallel rightward shifts in the concentration-response curves for ISO. From these curves, apparent equilibrium dissociation constant (K(b)) values of 0.3 nM for ICI-118,551 and 355 nM for butoxamine were calculated using Schild regression analysis. Conversely, effective concentrations of the selective beta1-AR antagonists CGP 20712A [(+/-)-2-hydroxy-5-[2-([2-hydroxy-3-(4-[1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]phenoxy)propyl]amino)ethoxy]-benzamide methanesulfonate] and atenolol [4-[2'-hydroxy-3'-(isopropyl-amino)propoxy]phenylacetamide] did not significantly affect the pyramidal cell response to ISO. However, at higher concentrations, atenolol significantly decreased the potency for ISO-mediated AP frequencies. From these curves, an apparent atenolol K(b) value of 3162 nM was calculated. This pharmacological profile for subtype-selective beta-AR antagonists indicates that beta2-AR activation is mediating the increased AP frequency. Knowledge of functional AR expression in CA1 pyramidal neurons will aid future long-term potentiation studies by allowing selective manipulation of specific beta-AR subtypes.
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MESH Headings
- Action Potentials/drug effects
- Adrenergic beta-Agonists/pharmacology
- Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Electrophysiology
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
- Hippocampus/cytology
- Hippocampus/drug effects
- Isoproterenol/pharmacology
- Male
- Pyramidal Cells/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/classification
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/physiology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin L Hillman
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, 501 North Columbia Rd., Grand Forks, ND 58202-9037, USA
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