1
|
Lin X, Liu M, Yi Q, Zhou Y, Su J, Qing B, Lu Y, Pu C, Lan W, Zou L, Wang J. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of a carboxylesterase detection probe with therapeutic effects. Talanta 2024; 274:126060. [PMID: 38604044 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a lysosomal targeting fluorescent probe recognition on CEs was designed and synthesized. The obtained probe BF2-cur-Mor demonstrated excellent selectivity, sensitivity, pH-independence, and enzyme affinity towards CEs within 5 min. BF2-cur-Mor could enable recognition of intracellular CEs and elucidate that the CEs content of different cancer cells follows the rule of HepG2 > HCT-116 > A549 > HeLa, and the CEs expression level of hepatoma cancer cells far exceeds that of normal hepatic cells, being in good agreement with the previous reports. The ability of BF2-cur-Mor to monitor CEs in vivo was confirmed by zebrafish experiment. BF2-cur-Mor exhibits some pharmacological activity in that it can induce apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells but is weaker in normal hepatocyte cells, being expected to be a potential "diagnostic and therapeutic integration" tool for the clinical diagnosis of CEs-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; Guangxi Health Science College, Nanning, 530023, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Min Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Qingyuan Yi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jinchan Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Binyang Qing
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yaqi Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Chunxiao Pu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Weisen Lan
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Lianjia Zou
- Guangxi Health Science College, Nanning, 530023, China.
| | - Jianyi Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nagaoka M, Sakai Y, Nakajima M, Fukami T. Role of carboxylesterase and arylacetamide deacetylase in drug metabolism, physiology, and pathology. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116128. [PMID: 38492781 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Carboxylesterases (CES1 and CES2) and arylacetamide deacetylase (AADAC), which are expressed primarily in the liver and/or gastrointestinal tract, hydrolyze drugs containing ester and amide bonds in their chemical structure. These enzymes often catalyze the conversion of prodrugs, including the COVID-19 drugs remdesivir and molnupiravir, to their pharmacologically active forms. Information on the substrate specificity and inhibitory properties of these enzymes, which would be useful for drug development and toxicity avoidance, has accumulated. Recently,in vitroandin vivostudies have shown that these enzymes are involved not only in drug hydrolysis but also in lipid metabolism. CES1 and CES2 are capable of hydrolyzing triacylglycerol, and the deletion of their orthologous genes in mice has been associated with impaired lipid metabolism and hepatic steatosis. Adeno-associated virus-mediated human CES overexpression decreases hepatic triacylglycerol levels and increases fatty acid oxidation in mice. It has also been shown that overexpression of CES enzymes or AADAC in cultured cells suppresses the intracellular accumulation of triacylglycerol. Recent reports indicate that AADAC can be up- or downregulated in tumors of various organs, and its varied expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with cancer. Thus, CES and AADAC not only determine drug efficacy and toxicity but are also involved in pathophysiology. This review summarizes recent findings on the roles of CES and AADAC in drug metabolism, physiology, and pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Nagaoka
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Sakai
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Miki Nakajima
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Fukami
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sharma A, Jin L, Wang X, Wang YT, Stresser DM. Developing an adult stem cell derived microphysiological intestinal system for predicting oral prodrug bioconversion and permeability in humans. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:339-355. [PMID: 38099395 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00843f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Microphysiological systems (MPS) incorporating human intestinal organoids have shown the potential to faithfully model intestinal biology with the promise to accelerate development of oral prodrugs. We hypothesized that an MPS model incorporating flow, shear stress, and vasculature could provide more reliable measures of prodrug bioconversion and permeability. Following construction of jejunal and duodenal organoid MPS derived from 3 donors, we determined the area under the concentration-time (AUC) curve for the active drug in the vascular channel and characterized the enzymology of prodrug bioconversion. Fosamprenavir underwent phosphatase mediated hydrolysis to amprenavir while dabigatran etexilate (DABE) exhibited proper CES2- and, as anticipated, not CES1-mediated de-esterification, followed by permeation of amprenavir to the vascular channel. When experiments were conducted in the presence of bio-converting enzyme inhibitors (orthovanadate for alkaline phosphatase; bis(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate for carboxylesterase), the AUC of the active drug decreased accordingly in the vascular channel. In addition to functional analysis, the MPS was characterized through imaging and proteomic analysis. Imaging revealed proper expression and localization of epithelial, endothelial, tight junction and catalytic enzyme markers. Global proteomic analysis was used to analyze the MPS model and 3 comparator sources: an organoid-based transwell model (which was also evaluated for function), Matrigel embedded organoids and finally jejunal and duodenal cadaver tissues collected from 3 donors. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) of global proteomic data demonstrated that all organoid-based models exhibited strong similarity and were distinct from tissues. Intestinal organoids in the MPS model exhibited strong similarity to human tissue for key epithelial markers via HCA. Quantitative proteomic analysis showed higher expression of key prodrug converting and drug metabolizing enzymes in MPS-derived organoids compared to tissues, organoids in Matrigel, and organoids on transwells. When comparing organoids from MPS and transwells, expression of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (ALPI), carboxylesterase (CES)2, cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and sucrase isomaltase (SI) was 2.97-, 1.2-, 11.3-, and 27.7-fold higher for duodenum and 7.7-, 4.6-, 18.1-, and 112.2-fold higher for jejunum organoids in MPS, respectively. The MPS approach can provide a more physiological system than enzymes, organoids, and organoids on transwells for pharmacokinetic analysis of prodrugs that account for 10% of all commercial medicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Sharma
- Quantitative, Translational & ADME Sciences, AbbVie, Inc, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | - Liang Jin
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Xue Wang
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Yue-Ting Wang
- Quantitative, Translational & ADME Sciences, AbbVie, Inc, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | - David M Stresser
- Quantitative, Translational & ADME Sciences, AbbVie, Inc, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Takani D, Takahashi M, Hosokawa M. Synthesis and evaluation of indomethacin prodrugs with a diester structure that are metabolically activated by human carboxylesterases. Xenobiotica 2024; 54:10-17. [PMID: 38142303 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2023.2298270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
1. Carboxylesterase (CES) has been studied extensively, mostly with substrates in the monoester structures. We investigated the relationship between indomethacin diester prodrugs and metabolic activation by microsomes and recombinant human CES.2. Eight indomethacin diester prodrugs were synthesised in two steps. They were used as substrates and hydrolysis rates were calculated.3. As a result, the major hydrolysis enzyme was CES. The hydrolysis rate of recombinant CES2A1 was comparable to that of recombinant CES1A1.4. In this study, by changing the structure of the prodrug to a diester structure, it was found that CES2 activity was equivalent to CES1 activity.5. It should be noted that the use of diester prodrugs in prodrug discovery, where organ-specific hydrolysis reactions are expected, may not yield the expected results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Takani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masato Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masakiyo Hosokawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu M, Zhang L, Lin L, Qiang Z, Liu W, Yang J. Cisplatin increases carboxylesterases through increasing PXR mediated by the decrease of DEC1. J Biomed Res 2023; 37:431-447. [PMID: 37990879 PMCID: PMC10687532 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.37.20230047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) is widely used for the treatment of various solid cancers. Here we reported that CDDP increased the expression and enzymatic activities of carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) and carboxylesterase 2 (CES2), along with the upregulation of pregnane X receptor (PXR) and the downregulation of differentiated embryonic chondrocyte-expressed gene 1 (DEC1) in human hepatoma cells, primary mouse hepatocytes, mouse liver and intestine. The overexpression or knockdown of PXR alone upregulated or downregulated the CES1 and CES2 expression, respectively. The increases in CES1 and CES2 expression levels induced by CDDP abolished or enhanced by PXR knockdown or overexpression, implying that CDDP induces carboxylesterases through the activation of PXR. Likewise, the overexpression or knockdown of DEC1 alone significantly decreased or increased PXR and its targets. Moreover, the increases of PXR and its targets induced by CDDP were abolished or alleviated by the overexpression or knockdown of DEC1. The overexpression or knockdown of DEC1 affected the response of PXR to CDDP, but not vice versa, suggesting that CDDP increases carboxylesterases by upregulating PXR mediated by the decrease of DEC1. In addition, CDDP did not increase DEC1 mRNA degradation but suppressed DEC1 promoter reporter activity, indicating that it suppresses DEC1 transcriptionally. The combined use of CDDP and irinotecan had a synergistic effect on two cell lines, especially when CDDP was used first.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minqin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Lan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Zhiyi Qiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Luo X, Lu F, Yin Z, Zhou Z, Wang Z, Zhang H. Hormetic effects of EGC and EGCG on CES1 activity and its rescue from oxidative stress in rat liver S9. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 382:110612. [PMID: 37353134 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) is a hydrolytic enzyme that plays an important role in the activation or deactivation of many therapeutic agents, thus affecting their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic outcomes. Using rat liver S9 as an enzyme source and enalapril as a CES1 substrate, the present study examined effects of a number of flavonoids on the formation of enalaprilat (the active form of enalapril) produced by CES1-mediated hydrolysis. While a majority of flavonoids tested showed inhibition on CES1, an unexpected hormetic effect was observed for epigallocatechin (EGC) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), i.e., stimulatory effect at low concentrations and enzyme inhibition at high concentrations. Further experiments revealed that oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide, arachidonic acid plus iron, and oxidized low density lipoproteins (oxLOL) reduced CES1 activity in rat liver S9 and the loss of CES1 enzyme activity could be rescued largely by EGC or EGCG. In contrast, such effects were minimal in human liver S9, probably due to the presence of a higher ratio of reduced vs oxidized forms of glutathione. The above findings suggest that the polyphenolic nature of EGC or EGCG might be responsible for rescuing CES1 activity under oxidative stress. Because of the importance of CES1 in drug activation or deactivation and rat liver S9 as a versatile in vitro system used for drug metabolism studies and drug safety assessment, caution should be exercised to avoid potential biases for data interpretation and decision making when CES1 activity in rat liver S9 is evaluated with dependency on experimental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Feifei Lu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhiyue Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhiyun Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhongmin Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hongjian Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yan D, Yan B. Viral target and metabolism-based rationale for combined use of recently authorized small molecule COVID-19 medicines: Molnupiravir, nirmatrelvir, and remdesivir. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2023; 37:726-738. [PMID: 36931725 PMCID: PMC10505250 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic remains a major health concern worldwide, and SARS-CoV-2 is continuously evolving. There is an urgent need to identify new antiviral drugs and develop novel therapeutic strategies. Combined use of newly authorized COVID-19 medicines including molnupiravir, nirmatrelvir, and remdesivir has been actively pursued. Mechanistically, nirmatrelvir inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication by targeting the viral main protease (Mpro ), a critical enzyme in the processing of the immediately translated coronavirus polyproteins for viral replication. Molnupiravir and remdesivir, on the other hand, inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication by targeting RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp), which is directly responsible for genome replication and production of subgenomic RNAs. Molnupiravir targets RdRp and induces severe viral RNA mutations (genome), commonly referred to as error catastrophe. Remdesivir, in contrast, targets RdRp and causes chain termination and arrests RNA synthesis of the viral genome. In addition, all three medicines undergo extensive metabolism with strong therapeutic significance. Molnupiravir is hydrolytically activated by carboxylesterase-2 (CES2), nirmatrelvir is inactivated by cytochrome P450-based oxidation (e.g., CYP3A4), and remdesivir is hydrolytically activated by CES1 but covalently inhibits CES2. Additionally, remdesivir and nirmatrelvir are oxidized by the same CYP enzymes. The distinct mechanisms of action provide strong rationale for their combined use. On the other hand, these drugs undergo extensive metabolism that determines their therapeutic potential. This review discusses how metabolism pathways and enzymes involved should be carefully considered during their combined use for therapeutic synergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine 609 Albany Street Boston, MA 02118
| | - Bingfang Yan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ohura K, Nakada Y, Imai T. Bioconversion and P-gp-Mediated Transport of Depot Fluphenazine Prodrugs after Intramuscular Injection. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:1975-1984. [PMID: 37019360 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluphenazine (FPZ) decanoate, an ester-type prodrug formulated as a long-acting injection (LAI), is used in the treatment of schizophrenia. FPZ enanthate was also developed as an LAI formulation, but is no longer in use clinically because of the short elimination half-life of FPZ, the parent drug, after intramuscular injection. In the present study, the hydrolysis of FPZ prodrugs was evaluated in human plasma and liver to clarify the reason for this difference in elimination half-lives. FPZ prodrugs were hydrolyzed in human plasma and liver microsomes. The rate of hydrolysis of FPZ enanthate in human plasma and liver microsomes was 15-fold and 6-fold, respectively, faster than that of FPZ decanoate. Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and human serum albumin (HSA) present in human plasma, and two carboxylesterase (CES) isozymes, hCE1 and hCE2, expressed in ubiquitous organs including liver, were mainly responsible for the hydrolysis of FPZ prodrugs. FPZ prodrugs may not be bioconverted in human skeletal muscle at the injection site because of lack of expression of BChE and CESs in muscle. Interestingly, although FPZ was a poor substrate for human P-glycoprotein, FPZ caproate was a good substrate. In conclusion, it is suggested that the shorter elimination half-life of FPZ following administration of FPZ enanthate compared with FPZ decanoate can be attributed to the more rapid hydrolysis of FPZ enanthate by BChE, HSA and CESs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayoko Ohura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Headquarters for Admissions and Education, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Teruko Imai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kang H, Hasselbeck S, Taškova K, Wang N, Oosten LNV, Mrowka R, Utikal J, Andrade-Navarro MA, Wang J, Wölfl S, Cheng X. Development of a next-generation endogenous OCT4 inducer and its anti-aging effect in vivo. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 257:115513. [PMID: 37253308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The identification of small molecules capable of replacing transcription factors has been a longstanding challenge in the generation of human chemically induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Recent studies have shown that ectopic expression of OCT4, one of the master pluripotency regulators, compromised the developmental potential of resulting iPSCs, This highlights the importance of finding endogenous OCT4 inducers for the generation of clinical-grade human iPSCs. Through a cell-based high throughput screen, we have discovered several new OCT4-inducing compounds (O4Is). In this work, we prepared metabolically stable analogues, including O4I4, which activate endogenous OCT4 and associated signaling pathways in various cell lines. By combining these with a transcription factor cocktail consisting of SOX2, KLF4, MYC, and LIN28 (referred to as "CSKML") we achieved to reprogram human fibroblasts into a stable and authentic pluripotent state without the need for exogenous OCT4. In Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila, O4I4 extends lifespan, suggesting the potential application of OCT4-inducing compounds in regenerative medicine and rejuvenation therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Kang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hasselbeck
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katerina Taškova
- Faculty of Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Nessa Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Luuk N van Oosten
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Ralf Mrowka
- Experimentelle Nephrologie, KIM III, Universitätsklinikum, Jena, Germany
| | - Jochen Utikal
- Skin Cancer Unit (G300), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Jichang Wang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Stefan Wölfl
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Xinlai Cheng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Germany; Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shankar SM, David Stephen A, Pitchumani Violet Mary C, Madhukar H, Dege N, Kahveci Yagcl N, Saravanan K, Nidhin PV, Maruthamuthu S. Validation of crystal structure of 2-acetamidophenyl acetate: an experimental and theoretical study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:13233-13245. [PMID: 34606422 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1984310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this present study, we have determined the crystal structure of 2-acetamidophenyl acetate (2-AAPA) commonly used as influenza neuraminidase inhibitor, to analyze the polymorphism. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics have been performed for the 2-AAPA-neuraminidase complex as the ester-derived benzoic group shows several biological properties. The X-ray diffraction studies confirmed that the 2-AAPA crystals are stabilized by N-H···O type of intermolecular interactions. Possible conformers of 2-AAPA crystal structures were computationally predicted by ab initio methods and the stable crystal structure was identified. Hirshfeld surface analysis of both experimental and predicted crystal structure exhibits the intermolecular interactions associated with 2D fingerprint plots. The lowest docking score and intermolecular interactions of 2-AAPA molecule against influenza neuraminidase confirm the binding affinity of the 2-AAPA crystals. The quantum theory of atoms in molecules analysis of these intermolecular interactions was implemented to understand the charge density redistribution of the molecule in the active site of influenza neuraminidase to validate the strength of the interactions.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Shankar
- Department of Physics, PSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A David Stephen
- Department of Physics, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C Pitchumani Violet Mary
- Department of Physics, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hemamalini Madhukar
- Department of Chemistry, Mother Teresa Women's University, Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Necmi Dege
- Department of Physics, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | | | - K Saravanan
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - P V Nidhin
- Department of Physics, Safa Arts and Science College, Kerala, India
| | - S Maruthamuthu
- Department of Physics, PSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Eades W, Liu W, Shen Y, Shi Z, Yan B. Covalent CES2 Inhibitors Protect against Reduced Formation of Intestinal Organoids by the Anticancer Drug Irinotecan. Curr Drug Metab 2022; 23:CDM-EPUB-128210. [PMID: 36515038 PMCID: PMC10258227 DOI: 10.2174/1389200224666221212143904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irinotecan is widely used to treat various types of solid and metastatic cancer. It is an ester prodrug and its hydrolytic metabolite (SN-38) exerts potent anticancer activity. Irinotecan is hydrolyzed primarily by carboxylesterase-2 (CES2), a hydrolase abundantly present in the intestine such as the duodenum. We have identified several potent and covalent CES2 inhibi¬tors such as remdesivir and sofosbuvir. Remdesivir is the first small molecule drug approved for COVID-19, whereas sofosbuvir is a paradigm-shift medicine for hepatitis C viral infection. Irinotecan is generally well-tolerated but associated with severe/life-threatening diarrhea due to intestinal accu¬¬mula¬tion of SN-38. OBJECTIVE This study was to test the hypothesis that remdesivir and sofosbuvir protect against irinotecan-induced epithelial injury associated with gastrointestinal toxicity. METHODS To test this hypothesis, formation of organoids derived from mouse duodenal crypts, a robust cellular model for intestinal regeneration, was induced in the presence or absence of irinotecan +/- pretreatment with a CES2 drug inhibitor. RESULTS Irinotecan profoundly inhibited the formation of intestinal organoids and the magnitude of the inhibition was greater with female crypts than their male counterparts. Consistently, crypts from female mice had significantly higher hydrolytic activity toward irinotecan. Critically, remdesivir and sofosbuvir both reduced irinotecan hydrolysis and reversed irinotecan-reduced formation of organoids. Human duodenal samples robustly hydrolyzed irinotecan, stable CES2 transfection induced cytotoxicity and the cytotoxicity was reduced by CES2 drug inhibitor. CONCLUSION These findings establish a therapeutic rationale to reduce irinotecan-gastrointestinal injury and serve as a cellular foundation to develop oral formulations of irinotecan with high safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Eades
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - William Liu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - Yue Shen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - Zhanquan Shi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Bingfang Yan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fashe MM, Fallon JK, Miner TA, Tiley JB, Smith PC, Lee CR. Impact of pregnancy related hormones on drug metabolizing enzyme and transport protein concentrations in human hepatocytes. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1004010. [PMID: 36210832 PMCID: PMC9532936 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1004010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy alters the disposition and exposure to multiple drugs indicated for pregnancy-related complications. Previous in vitro studies have shown that pregnancy-related hormones (PRHs) alter the expression and function of certain cytochrome P450s (CYPs) in human hepatocytes. However, the impact of PRHs on hepatic concentrations of non-CYP drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) and transport proteins remain largely unknown. In this study, sandwich-cultured human hepatocytes (SCHH) from five female donors were exposed to vehicle or PRHs (estrone, estradiol, estriol, progesterone, cortisol, and placental growth hormone), administered individually or in combination, across a range of physiologically relevant PRH concentrations for 72 h. Absolute concentrations of 33 hepatic non-CYP DMEs and transport proteins were quantified in SCHH membrane fractions using a quantitative targeted absolute proteomics (QTAP) isotope dilution nanoLC-MS/MS method. The data revealed that PRHs altered the absolute protein concentration of various DMEs and transporters in a concentration-, isoform-, and hepatocyte donor-dependent manner. Overall, eight of 33 (24%) proteins exhibited a significant PRH-evoked net change in absolute protein concentration relative to vehicle control (ANOVA p < 0.05) across hepatocyte donors: 1/11 UGTs (9%; UGT1A4), 4/6 other DMEs (67%; CES1, CES2, FMO5, POR), and 3/16 transport proteins (19%; OAT2, OCT3, P-GP). An additional 8 (24%) proteins (UGT1A1, UGT2B4, UGT2B10, FMO3, OCT1, MRP2, MRP3, ENT1) exhibited significant PRH alterations in absolute protein concentration within at least two individual hepatocyte donors. In contrast, 17 (52%) proteins exhibited no discernable impact by PRHs either within or across hepatocyte donors. Collectively, these results provide the first comprehensive quantitative proteomic evaluation of PRH effects on non-CYP DMEs and transport proteins in SCHH and offer mechanistic insight into the altered disposition of drug substrates cleared by these pathways during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muluneh M. Fashe
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - John K. Fallon
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Taryn A. Miner
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jacqueline B. Tiley
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Philip C. Smith
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Craig R. Lee
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Craig R. Lee,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shen Y, Eades W, Liu W, Yan B. The COVID-19 Oral Drug Molnupiravir Is a CES2 Substrate: Potential Drug-Drug Interactions and Impact of CES2 Genetic Polymorphism In Vitro. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:1151-1160. [PMID: 35790245 PMCID: PMC9450960 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.000918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Molnupiravir is one of the two coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) oral drugs that were recently granted the emergency use authorization by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Molnupiravir is an ester and requires hydrolysis to exert antiviral activity. Carboxylesterases constitute a class of hydrolases with high catalytic efficiency. Humans express two major carboxylesterases (CES1 and CES2) that differ in substrate specificity. Based on the structural characteristics of molnupiravir, this study was performed to test the hypothesis that molnupiravir is preferably hydrolyzed by CES2. Several complementary approaches were used to test this hypothesis. As many as 24 individual human liver samples were tested and the hydrolysis of molnupiravir was significantly correlated with the level of CES2 but not CES1. Microsomes from the intestine, kidney, and liver, but not lung, all rapidly hydrolyzed molnupiravir and the magnitude of hydrolysis was related closely to the level of CES2 expression among these organs. Importantly, recombinant CES2 but not CES1 hydrolyzed molnupiravir, collectively establishing that molnupiravir is a CES2-selective substrate. In addition, several CES2 polymorphic variants (e.g., R180H) differed from the wild-type CES2 in the hydrolysis of molnupiravir. Molecular docking revealed that wild-type CES2 and its variant R180H used different sets of amino acids to interact with molnupiravir. Furthermore, molnupiravir hydrolysis was significantly inhibited by remdesivir, the first COVID-19 drug granted the full approval by the FDA. The results presented raise the possibility that CES2 expression and genetic variation may impact therapeutic efficacy in clinical situations and warrants further investigation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: COVID-19 remains a global health crisis, and molnupiravir is one of the two recently approved oral COVID-19 therapeutics. In this study, we have shown that molnupiravir is hydrolytically activated by CES2, a major hydrolase whose activity is impacted by genetic polymorphic variants, disease mediators, and many potentially coadministered medicines. These results presented raise the possibility that CES2 expression and genetic variation may impact therapeutic efficacy in clinical situations and warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - William Eades
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - William Liu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Bingfang Yan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yerrakula G, Abraham S, John S, Zeharvi M, George SG, Senthil V, Maiz F, Rahman MH. Major implications of single nucleotide polymorphisms in human carboxylesterase 1 on substrate bioavailability. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-19. [PMID: 35946821 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2108997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The number of studies and reviews conducted for the Carboxylesterase gene is limited in comparison with other enzymes. Carboxylesterase (CES) gene or human carboxylesterases (hCES) is a multigene protein belonging to the α/β-hydrolase family. Over the last decade, two major carboxylesterases (CES1 and CES2), located at 16q13-q22.1 on human chromosome 16 have been extensively studied as important mediators in the metabolism of a wide range of substrates. hCES1 is the most widely expressed enzyme in humans, and it is found in the liver. In this review, details regarding CES1 substrates include both inducers (e.g. Rifampicin) and inhibitors (e.g. Enalapril, Diltiazem, Simvastatin) and different types of hCES1 polymorphisms (nsSNPs) such as rs2244613 and rs71647871. along with their effects on various CES1 substrates were documented. Few instances where the presence of nsSNPs exerted a positive influence on certain substrates which are hydrolyzed via hCES1, such as anti-platelets like Clopidogrel when co-administered with other medications such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors were also recorded. Remdesivir, an ester prodrug is widely used for the treatment of COVID-19, being a CES substrate, it is a potent inhibitor of CES2 and is hydrolyzed via CES1. The details provided in this review could give a clear-cut idea or information that could be used for further studies regarding the safety and efficacy of CES1 substrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Goutham Yerrakula
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu
| | - Shyno Abraham
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Krupanidhi college of Pharmacy, Bangalore
| | - Shiji John
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Krupanidhi college of Pharmacy, Bangalore
| | - Mehrukh Zeharvi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Girls Section, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University Alkharj, Saudia Arabia
| | | | - V Senthil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu
| | - Fathi Maiz
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Thermal Processes, Center for Energy Research and Technology, Borj-Cedria, BP:95 Tunisia
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Gangwon-do, Wonju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Medeiros JJS, Costa TM, Carmo MP, Nascimento DD, Lauro ENC, Oliveira CA, Duque MD, Prado LD. Efficient drug development of oseltamivir capsules based on process control, bioequivalence and PBPK modeling. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2022; 48:146-157. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2022.2102647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana J. S. Medeiros
- Coordenação de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos, Farmanguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thiago M. Costa
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos, Farmanguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana P. Carmo
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos, Farmanguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diogo D. Nascimento
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Validação Analítica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos, Farmanguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo N. C. Lauro
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Camila A. Oliveira
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Validação Analítica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos, Farmanguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo D. Duque
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Livia D. Prado
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Validação Analítica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos, Farmanguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zang R, Barth A, Wong H, Marik J, Shen J, Lade J, Grove K, Durk MR, Parrott N, Rudewicz PJ, Zhao S, Wang T, Yan Z, Zhang D. Design and Measurement of Drug Tissue Concentration Asymmetry and Tissue Exposure-Effect (Tissue PK-PD) Evaluation. J Med Chem 2022; 65:8713-8734. [PMID: 35790118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The "free drug hypothesis" assumes that, in the absence of transporters, the steady state free plasma concentrations equal to that at the site of action that elicit pharmacologic effects. While it is important to utilize the free drug hypothesis, exceptions exist that the free plasma exposures, either at Cmax, Ctrough, and Caverage, or at other time points, cannot represent the corresponding free tissue concentrations. This "drug concentration asymmetry" in both total and free form can influence drug disposition and pharmacological effects. In this review, we first discuss options to assess total and free drug concentrations in tissues. Then various drug design strategies to achieve concentration asymmetry are presented. Last, the utilities of tissue concentrations in understanding exposure-effect relationships and translational projections to humans are discussed for several therapeutic areas and modalities. A thorough understanding in plasma and tissue exposures correlation with pharmacologic effects can provide insightful guidance to aid drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Zang
- IDEAYA Biosciences, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Aline Barth
- Global Blood Therapeutics, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Harvey Wong
- The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jan Marik
- Genentech, South San Francisco, California 98080, United States
| | - Jie Shen
- AbbVie, Irvine, California 92612, United States
| | - Julie Lade
- Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kerri Grove
- Novartis, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Matthew R Durk
- Genentech, South San Francisco, California 98080, United States
| | - Neil Parrott
- Roche Innovation Centre, Basel CH-4070, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Tao Wang
- Coherus BioSciences, Redwood City, California 94605, United States
| | - Zhengyin Yan
- Genentech, South San Francisco, California 98080, United States
| | - Donglu Zhang
- Genentech, South San Francisco, California 98080, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dammen-Brower K, Epler P, Zhu S, Bernstein ZJ, Stabach PR, Braddock DT, Spangler JB, Yarema KJ. Strategies for Glycoengineering Therapeutic Proteins. Front Chem 2022; 10:863118. [PMID: 35494652 PMCID: PMC9043614 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.863118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost all therapeutic proteins are glycosylated, with the carbohydrate component playing a long-established, substantial role in the safety and pharmacokinetic properties of this dominant category of drugs. In the past few years and moving forward, glycosylation is increasingly being implicated in the pharmacodynamics and therapeutic efficacy of therapeutic proteins. This article provides illustrative examples of drugs that have already been improved through glycoengineering including cytokines exemplified by erythropoietin (EPO), enzymes (ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase 1, ENPP1), and IgG antibodies (e.g., afucosylated Gazyva®, Poteligeo®, Fasenra™, and Uplizna®). In the future, the deliberate modification of therapeutic protein glycosylation will become more prevalent as glycoengineering strategies, including sophisticated computer-aided tools for “building in” glycans sites, acceptance of a broad range of production systems with various glycosylation capabilities, and supplementation methods for introducing non-natural metabolites into glycosylation pathways further develop and become more accessible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kris Dammen-Brower
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Paige Epler
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Stanley Zhu
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Zachary J. Bernstein
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Paul R. Stabach
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Demetrios T. Braddock
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jamie B. Spangler
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kevin J. Yarema
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Kevin J. Yarema,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang F, Liu W, Huang J, Chen QL, Wang DD, Zou LW, Zhao YF, Zhang WD, Xu JG, Chen HZ, Ge GB. Inhibition of drug-metabolizing enzymes by Jingyin granules: implications of herb-drug interactions in antiviral therapy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1072-1081. [PMID: 34183756 PMCID: PMC8237038 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00697-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Jingyin granules, a marketed antiviral herbal medicine, have been recommended for treating H1N1 influenza A virus infection and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. To fight viral diseases in a more efficient way, Jingyin granules are frequently co-administered in clinical settings with a variety of therapeutic agents, including antiviral drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs, and other Western medicines. However, it is unclear whether Jingyin granules modulate the pharmacokinetics of Western drugs or trigger clinically significant herb-drug interactions. This study aims to assess the inhibitory potency of the herbal extract of Jingyin granules (HEJG) against human drug-metabolizing enzymes and to clarify whether HEJG can modulate the pharmacokinetic profiles of Western drug(s) in vivo. The results clearly demonstrated that HEJG dose-dependently inhibited human CES1A, CES2A, CYPs1A, 2A6, 2C8, 2C9, 2D6, and 2E1; this herbal medicine also time- and NADPH-dependently inhibited human CYP2C19 and CYP3A. In vivo tests showed that HEJG significantly increased the plasma exposure of lopinavir (a CYP3A-substrate drug) by 2.43-fold and strongly prolonged its half-life by 1.91-fold when HEJG (3 g/kg) was co-administered with lopinavir to rats. Further investigation revealed licochalcone A, licochalcone B, licochalcone C and echinatin in Radix Glycyrrhizae, as well as quercetin and kaempferol in Folium Llicis Purpureae, to be time-dependent CYP3A inhibitors. Collectively, our findings reveal that HEJG modulates the pharmacokinetics of CYP substrate-drug(s) by inactivating CYP3A, providing key information for both clinicians and patients to use herb-drug combinations for antiviral therapy in a scientific and reasonable way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Wei Liu
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Jian Huang
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China ,Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Shanghai Institute of Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Qi-long Chen
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Dan-dan Wang
- SPH Xing Ling Sci. & Tech. Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201703 China
| | - Li-wei Zou
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Yong-fang Zhao
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China ,grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Wei-dong Zhang
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Jian-guang Xu
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Hong-zhuan Chen
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Guang-bo Ge
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Biswas M, Sawajan N, Rungrotmongkol T, Sanachai K, Ershadian M, Sukasem C. Pharmacogenetics and Precision Medicine Approaches for the Improvement of COVID-19 Therapies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:835136. [PMID: 35250581 PMCID: PMC8894812 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.835136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Many drugs are being administered to tackle coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic situations without establishing clinical effectiveness or tailoring safety. A repurposing strategy might be more effective and successful if pharmacogenetic interventions are being considered in future clinical studies/trials. Although it is very unlikely that there are almost no pharmacogenetic data for COVID-19 drugs, however, from inferring the pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic(PD) properties and some pharmacogenetic evidence in other diseases/clinical conditions, it is highly likely that pharmacogenetic associations are also feasible in at least some COVID-19 drugs. We strongly mandate to undertake a pharmacogenetic assessment for at least these drug–gene pairs (atazanavir–UGT1A1, ABCB1, SLCO1B1, APOA5; efavirenz–CYP2B6; nevirapine–HLA, CYP2B6, ABCB1; lopinavir–SLCO1B3, ABCC2; ribavirin–SLC28A2; tocilizumab–FCGR3A; ivermectin–ABCB1; oseltamivir–CES1, ABCB1; clopidogrel–CYP2C19, ABCB1, warfarin–CYP2C9, VKORC1; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)–CYP2C9) in COVID-19 patients for advancing precision medicine. Molecular docking and computational studies are promising to achieve new therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The current situation in the discovery of anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents at four important targets from in silico studies has been described and summarized in this review. Although natural occurring compounds from different herbs against SARS-CoV-2 infection are favorable, however, accurate experimental investigation of these compounds is warranted to provide insightful information. Moreover, clinical considerations of drug–drug interactions (DDIs) and drug–herb interactions (DHIs) of the existing repurposed drugs along with pharmacogenetic (e.g., efavirenz and CYP2B6) and herbogenetic (e.g., andrographolide and CYP2C9) interventions, collectively called multifactorial drug–gene interactions (DGIs), may further accelerate the development of precision COVID-19 therapies in the real-world clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohitosh Biswas
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center (SDMC), Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Nares Sawajan
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center (SDMC), Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kamonpan Sanachai
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Maliheh Ershadian
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center (SDMC), Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chonlaphat Sukasem
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center (SDMC), Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, The Preventive Genomics and Family Check-up Services Center, Bumrungrad International Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Chonlaphat Sukasem,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang J, Pan QS, Qian XK, Zhou XL, Wang YJ, He RJ, Wang LT, Li YR, Huo H, Sun CG, Sun L, Zou LW, Yang L. Discovery of triterpenoids as potent dual inhibitors of pancreatic lipase and human carboxylesterase 1. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:629-640. [PMID: 35100926 PMCID: PMC8812735 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2029855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic lipase (PL) is a well-known key target for the prevention and treatment of obesity. Human carboxylesterase 1A (hCES1A) has become an important target for the treatment of hyperlipidaemia. Thus, the discovery of potent dual-target inhibitors based on PL and hCES1A hold great potential for the development of remedies for treating related metabolic diseases. In this study, a series of natural triterpenoids were collected and the inhibitory effects of these triterpenoids on PL and hCES1A were determined using fluorescence-based biochemical assays. It was found that oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA) have the excellent inhibitory effects against PL and hCES1A, and highly selectivity over hCES2A. Subsequently, a number of compounds based on the OA and UA skeletons were synthesised and evaluated. Structure–activity relationship (SAR) analysis of these compounds revealed that the acetyl group at the C-3 site of UA (compound 41) was very essential for both PL and hCES1A inhibition, with IC50 of 0.75 µM and 0.014 µM, respectively. In addition, compound 39 with 2-enol and 3-ketal moiety of OA also has strong inhibitory effects against both PL and hCES1A, with IC50 of 2.13 µM and 0.055 µM, respectively. Furthermore, compound 39 and 41 exhibited good selectivity over other human serine hydrolases including hCES2A, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV). Inhibitory kinetics and molecular docking studies demonstrated that both compounds 39 and 41 were effective mixed inhibitors of PL, while competitive inhibitors of hCES1A. Further investigations demonstrated that both compounds 39 and 41 could inhibit adipocyte adipogenesis induced by mouse preadipocytes. Collectively, we found two triterpenoid derivatives with strong inhibitory ability on both PL and hCES1A, which can be served as promising lead compounds for the development of more potent dual-target inhibitors targeting on PL and hCES1A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiu-Sha Pan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing-Kai Qian
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiang-Lu Zhou
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Jie Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong-Jing He
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Le-Tian Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Ran Li
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Huo
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Cheng-Gong Sun
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lei Sun
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Li-Wei Zou
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yan D, Ra OH, Yan B. The nucleoside antiviral prodrug remdesivir in treating COVID-19 and beyond with interspecies significance. ANIMAL DISEASES 2021; 1:15. [PMID: 34778881 PMCID: PMC8422062 DOI: 10.1186/s44149-021-00017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious pandemics result in hundreds and millions of deaths, notable examples of the Spanish Flu, the Black Death and smallpox. The current pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), is unprecedented even in the historical term of pandemics. The unprecedentedness is featured by multiple surges, rapid identification of therapeutic options and accelerated development of vaccines. Remdesivir, originally developed for Ebola viral disease, is the first treatment of COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration. As demonstrated by in vitro and preclinical studies, this therapeutic agent is highly potent with a broad spectrum activity against viruses from as many as seven families even cross species. However, randomized controlled trials have failed to confirm the efficacy and safety. Remdesivir improves some clinical signs but not critical parameters such as mortality. This antiviral agent is an ester/phosphorylation prodrug and excessive hydrolysis which increases cellular toxicity. Remdesivir is given intravenously, leading to concentration spikes and likely increasing the potential of hydrolysis-based toxicity. This review has proposed a conceptual framework for improving its efficacy and minimizing toxicity not only for the COVID-19 pandemic but also for future ones caused by remdesivir-sensitive viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Yan
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
| | - One Hyuk Ra
- Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Bingfang Yan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sakai Y, Fukami T, Nagaoka M, Hirosawa K, Ichida H, Sato R, Suzuki K, Nakano M, Nakajima M. Arylacetamide deacetylase as a determinant of the hydrolysis and activation of abiraterone acetate in mice and humans. Life Sci 2021; 284:119896. [PMID: 34450168 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Abiraterone acetate for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer is an acetylated prodrug to be hydrolyzed to abiraterone. Abiraterone acetate is known to be hydrolyzed by pancreatic cholesterol esterase secreted into the intestinal lumen. This study aimed to investigate the possibility that arylacetamide deacetylase (AADAC) expressed in enterocytes contributes to the hydrolysis of abiraterone acetate based on its substrate preference. MATERIALS AND METHODS Abiraterone acetate hydrolase activity was measured using human intestinal (HIM) and liver microsomes (HLM) as well as recombinant AADAC. Correlation analysis between activity and AADAC expression was performed in 14 individual HIMs. The in vivo pharmacokinetics of abiraterone acetate was examined using wild-type and Aadac knockout mice administered abiraterone acetate with or without orlistat, a pancreatic cholesterol esterase inhibitor. KEY FINDINGS Recombinant AADAC showed abiraterone acetate hydrolase activity with similar Km value to HIM and HLM. The positive correlation between activity and AADAC levels in individual HIMs supported the responsibility of AADAC for abiraterone acetate hydrolysis. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of abiraterone after oral administration of abiraterone acetate in Aadac knockout mice was 38% lower than that in wild-type mice. The involvement of pancreatic cholesterol esterase in abiraterone formation was revealed by the decreased AUC of abiraterone by coadministration of orlistat. Orlistat potently inhibited AADAC, implying its potential as a perpetrator of drug-drug interactions. SIGNIFICANCE AADAC is responsible for the hydrolysis of abiraterone acetate in the intestine and liver, suggesting that concomitant use of abiraterone acetate and drugs potently inhibiting AADAC should be avoided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Sakai
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Fukami
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Mai Nagaoka
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Keiya Hirosawa
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ichida
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Rei Sato
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kohei Suzuki
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masataka Nakano
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Miki Nakajima
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Orr-Burks N, Murray J, Todd KV, Bakre A, Tripp RA. Drug repositioning of Clopidogrel or Triamterene to inhibit influenza virus replication in vitro. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259129. [PMID: 34714852 PMCID: PMC8555795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses cause respiratory tract infections and substantial health concerns. Infection may result in mild to severe respiratory disease associated with morbidity and some mortality. Several anti-influenza drugs are available, but these agents target viral components and are susceptible to drug resistance. There is a need for new antiviral drug strategies that include repurposing of clinically approved drugs. Drugs that target cellular machinery necessary for influenza virus replication can provide a means for inhibiting influenza virus replication. We used RNA interference screening to identify key host cell genes required for influenza replication, and then FDA-approved drugs that could be repurposed for targeting host genes. We examined the effects of Clopidogrel and Triamterene to inhibit A/WSN/33 (EC50 5.84 uM and 31.48 uM, respectively), A/CA/04/09 (EC50 6.432 uM and 3.32 uM, respectively), and B/Yamagata/16/1988 (EC50 0.28 uM and 0.11 uM, respectively) replication. Clopidogrel and Triamterene provide a druggable approach to influenza treatment across multiple strains and subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nichole Orr-Burks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Jackelyn Murray
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Kyle V. Todd
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Abhijeet Bakre
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Ralph A. Tripp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fukami T, Yokoi T, Nakajima M. Non-P450 Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes: Contribution to Drug Disposition, Toxicity, and Development. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 62:405-425. [PMID: 34499522 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-052220-105907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Most clinically used drugs are metabolized in the body via oxidation, reduction, or hydrolysis reactions, which are considered phase I reactions. Cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes, which primarily catalyze oxidation reactions, contribute to the metabolism of over 50% of clinically used drugs. In the last few decades, the function and regulation of P450s have been extensively studied, whereas the characterization of non-P450 phase I enzymes is still incomplete. Recent studies suggest that approximately 30% of drug metabolism is carried out by non-P450 enzymes. This review summarizes current knowledge of non-P450 phase I enzymes, focusing on their roles in controlling drug efficacy and adverse reactions as an important aspect of drug development. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Volume 62 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Fukami
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan;
| | - Tsuyoshi Yokoi
- Department of Drug Safety Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Miki Nakajima
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Remdesivir (RDV; GS-5734, Veklury), the first FDA-approved antiviral to treat COVID-19, is a single-diastereomer monophosphoramidate prodrug of an adenosine analogue. RDV is taken up in the target cells and metabolized in multiple steps to form the active nucleoside triphosphate (TP) (GS-443902), which, in turn, acts as a potent and selective inhibitor of multiple viral RNA polymerases. In this report, we profiled the key enzymes involved in the RDV metabolic pathway with multiple parallel approaches: (i) bioinformatic analysis of nucleoside/nucleotide metabolic enzyme mRNA expression using public human tissue and lung single-cell bulk mRNA sequence (RNA-seq) data sets, (ii) protein and mRNA quantification of enzymes in human lung tissue and primary lung cells, (iii) biochemical studies on the catalytic rate of key enzymes, (iv) effects of specific enzyme inhibitors on the GS-443902 formation, and (v) the effects of these inhibitors on RDV antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture. Our data collectively demonstrated that carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) and cathepsin A (CatA) are enzymes involved in hydrolyzing RDV to its alanine intermediate MetX, which is further hydrolyzed to the monophosphate form by histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1). The monophosphate is then consecutively phosphorylated to diphosphate and triphosphate by cellular phosphotransferases. Our data support the hypothesis that the unique properties of RDV prodrug not only allow lung-specific accumulation critical for the treatment of respiratory viral infection such as COVID-19 but also enable efficient intracellular metabolism of RDV and its MetX to monophosphate and successive phosphorylation to form the active TP in disease-relevant cells.
Collapse
|
26
|
Singh A, Gao M, Beck MW. Human carboxylesterases and fluorescent probes to image their activity in live cells. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1142-1153. [PMID: 34355180 PMCID: PMC8292992 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00073j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human carboxylesterases (CESs) are serine hydrolases that are responsible for the phase I metabolism of an assortment of ester, amide, thioester, carbonate, and carbamate containing drugs. CES activity is known to be influenced by a variety of factors including single nucleotide polymorphisms, alternative splicing, and drug-drug interactions. These different factors contribute to interindividual variability of CES activity which has been demonstrated to influence clinical outcomes among people treated with CES-substrate therapeutics. Detailed exploration of the factors that influence CES activity is emerging as an important area of research. The use of fluorescent probes with live cell imaging techniques can selectively visualize the real-time activity of CESs and have the potential to be useful tools to help reveal the impacts of CES activity variations on human health. This review summarizes the properties of the five known human CESs including factors reported to or that could potentially influence their activity before discussing the design aspects and use considerations of CES fluorescent probes in general in addition to highlighting several well-characterized probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anchal Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Eastern Illinois University Charleston IL 61920 USA +1 217 581 6227
| | - Mingze Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Illinois University Charleston IL 61920 USA
| | - Michael W Beck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Eastern Illinois University Charleston IL 61920 USA +1 217 581 6227
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Song YQ, Jin Q, Wang DD, Hou J, Zou LW, Ge GB. Carboxylesterase inhibitors from clinically available medicines and their impact on drug metabolism. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 345:109566. [PMID: 34174250 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian carboxylesterases (CES), the key members of the serine hydrolase superfamily, hydrolyze a wide range of endogenous substances and xenobiotics bearing ester or amide bond(s). In humans, most of identified CES are segregated into the CES1A and CES2A subfamilies. Strong inhibition on human CES (including hCES1A and hCES2A) may modulate pharmacokinetic profiles of CES-substrate drugs, thereby changing the pharmacological and toxicological responses of these drugs. This review covered recent advances in discovery of hCES inhibitors from clinically available medications, as well as their impact on CES-associated drug metabolism. Three comprehensive lists of hCES inhibitors deriving from clinically available medications including therapeutic drugs, pharmaceutical excipients and herbal medicines, alongside with their inhibition potentials and inhibition parameters, are summarized. Furthermore, the potential risks of hCES inhibitors to trigger drug/herb-drug interactions (DDIs/HDIs) and future concerns in this field are highlighted. Potent hCES inhibitors may trigger clinically relevant DDIs/HDIs, especially when these inhibitors are co-administrated with CES substrate-drugs with very narrow therapeutic windows. All data and knowledge presented here provide key information for the clinicians to assess the risks of clinically available hCES inhibitors on drug metabolism. In future, more practical and highly specific substrates for hCES1A/hCES2A should be developed and used for studies on CES-mediated DDIs/HDIs both in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Qing Song
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qiang Jin
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jie Hou
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Li-Wei Zou
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Honda S, Fukami T, Tsujiguchi T, Zhang Y, Nakano M, Nakajima M. Hydrolase activities of cynomolgus monkey liver microsomes and recombinant CES1, CES2, and AADAC. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 161:105807. [PMID: 33722734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The cynomolgus monkey is a nonhuman primate that is often used for pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic studies of new chemical entities. Species differences in drug metabolism are obstacles for the extrapolation of animal data to humans. This study aimed to characterize hydrolase activities for typical compounds by cynomolgus monkey liver microsomes and recombinant monkey carboxylesterases (CES1 and CES2) and arylacetamide deacetylase (AADAC) compared with the activities in humans. To estimate the contribution of each hydrolase, the ratios of the expression level of each hydrolase in the liver microsomes and recombinant systems were used. For almost all of the tested human CES1 substrates, hydrolase activities in cynomolgus monkey liver microsomes tended to be lower than those in human liver microsomes, and recombinant cynomolgus monkey CES1 showed catalytic activity, but not for all substrates. For human CES2 substrates, hydrolase activities in cynomolgus monkey liver were higher than those in human liver microsomes, and recombinant monkey CES2 was responsible for their hydrolysis. Among human AADAC substrates, phenacetin was mainly hydrolyzed by monkey AADAC, whereas indiplon and ketoconazole were hydrolyzed by AADAC and other unknown enzymes. Flutamide was hydrolyzed by monkey CES2, not by AADAC. Rifamycins were hardly hydrolyzed in monkey liver microsomes. In conclusion, this study characterized the hydrolase activities of cynomolgus monkeys compared with those in humans. The findings would be helpful for pharmacokinetic or toxicokinetic studies of new chemical entities whose main metabolic pathway is hydrolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Honda
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Fukami
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | - Takuya Tsujiguchi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Masataka Nakano
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Miki Nakajima
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rudolph S, Dahlhaus H, Hanekamp W, Albers C, Barth M, Michels G, Friedrich D, Lehr M. Aryl N-[ω-(6-Fluoroindol-1-yl)alkyl]carbamates as Inhibitors of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase, Monoacylglycerol Lipase, and Butyrylcholinesterase: Structure-Activity Relationships and Hydrolytic Stability. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:13466-13483. [PMID: 34056494 PMCID: PMC8158844 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of aryl N-[ω-(6-fluoroindol-1-yl)alkyl]carbamates with alkyl spacers of varying lengths between the indole and the carbamate group and with differently substituted aryl moieties at the carbamate oxygen were synthesized and tested for inhibition of the pharmacologically interesting serine hydrolases fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Furthermore, the chemical stability in an aqueous solution and the metabolic stability toward esterases in porcine liver homogenate and porcine blood plasma were determined. While most of the synthesized derivatives were potent inhibitors of FAAH, a considerable inhibition of MAGL and BuChE was elicited only by compounds with a high carbamate reactivity, as evidenced by a significant hydrolysis of these compounds in an aqueous solution. However, the high inhibitory potency of some compounds toward MAGL and BuChE, especially that of the ortho-carboxyphenyl derivative 37, could not be explained by chemical reactivity alone. Several of the carbamates studied possessed varying degrees of stability toward esterases from liver and blood plasma. In some cases, marked inactivation by the pseudo-esterase activity of plasma albumin was observed. Mass spectrometric studies showed that such carbamates formed covalent bonds with albumin at several sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Rudolph
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Helmut Dahlhaus
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Walburga Hanekamp
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Albers
- Bruker
Daltonik GmbH, Fahrenheitstrasse
4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Barth
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Giulia Michels
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Denise Friedrich
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Lehr
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
- . Tel: +49251 83 33331. Fax: +49251 83 32144
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Song YQ, He RJ, Pu D, Guan XQ, Shi JH, Li YG, Hou J, Jia SN, Qin WW, Fang SQ, Ge GB. Discovery and Characterization of the Biflavones From Ginkgo biloba as Highly Specific and Potent Inhibitors Against Human Carboxylesterase 2. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:655659. [PMID: 34084136 PMCID: PMC8167799 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.655659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human carboxylesterase 2 (CES2), one of the most abundant hydrolases distributed in the small intestine, has been validated as a key therapeutic target to ameliorate the intestinal toxicity caused by irinotecan. This study aims to discover efficacious CES2 inhibitors from natural products and to characterize the inhibition potentials and inhibitory mechanisms of the newly identified CES2 inhibitors. Following high-throughput screening and evaluation of the inhibition potency of more than 100 natural products against CES2, it was found that the biflavones isolated from Ginkgo biloba displayed extremely potent CES2 inhibition activities and high specificity over CES1 (>1000-fold). Further investigation showed that ginkgetin, bilobetin, sciadopitysin and isoginkgetin potently inhibited CES2-catalyzed hydrolysis of various substrates, including the CES2 substrate-drug irinotecan. Notably, the inhibition potentials of four biflavones against CES2 were more potent than that of loperamide, a marketed anti-diarrhea agent used for alleviating irinotecan-induced intestinal toxicity. Inhibition kinetic analyses demonstrated that ginkgetin, bilobetin, sciadopitysin and isoginkgetin potently inhibited CES2-catalyzed fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis via a reversible and mixed inhibition manner, with K i values of less than 100 nM. Ensemble docking and molecular dynamics revealed that these biflavones could tightly and stably bind on the catalytic cavity of CES2 via hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions, while the interactions with CES1 were awfully poor. Collectively, this study reports that the biflavones isolated from Ginkgo biloba are potent and highly specific CES2 inhibitors, which offers several promising lead compounds for developing novel anti-diarrhea agent to alleviate irinotecan-induced diarrhea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Qing Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong-Jing He
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Pu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Guan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Hui Shi
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao-Guang Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jie Hou
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shou-Ning Jia
- Qinghai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Wei-Wei Qin
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacy & Worldwide Medical Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Quan Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhou Q, Yan B, Sun W, Chen Q, Xiao Q, Xiao Y, Wang X, Shi D. Pig Liver Esterases Hydrolyze Endocannabinoids and Promote Inflammatory Response. Front Immunol 2021; 12:670427. [PMID: 34079552 PMCID: PMC8165269 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.670427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoids are endogenous ligands of cannabinoid receptors and activation of these receptors has strong physiological and pathological significance. Structurally, endocannabinoids are esters (e.g., 2-arachidonoylglycerol, 2-AG) or amides (e.g., N-arachidonoylethanolamine, AEA). Hydrolysis of these compounds yields arachidonic acid (AA), a major precursor of proinflammatory mediators such as prostaglandin E2. Carboxylesterases are known to hydrolyze esters and amides with high efficiency. CES1, a human carboxylesterase, has been shown to hydrolyze 2-AG, and shares a high sequence identity with pig carboxylesterases: PLE1 and PLE6 (pig liver esterase). The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that PLE1 and PLE6 hydrolyze endocannabinoids and promote inflammatory response. Consistent with the hypothesis, purified PLE1 and PLE6 efficaciously hydrolyzed 2-AG and AEA. PLE6 was 40-fold and 3-fold as active as PLE1 towards 2-AG and AEA, respectively. In addition, both PLE1 and PLE6 were highly sensitive to bis(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP), an aryl phosphodiester known to predominately inhibit carboxylesterases. Based on the study with BNPP, PLEs contributed to the hydrolysis of 2-AG by 53.4 to 88.4% among various organs and cells. Critically, exogenous addition or transfection of PLE6 increased the expression and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in response to the immunostimulant lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This increase was recapitulated in cocultured alveolar macrophages and PLE6 transfected cells in transwells. Finally, BNPP reduced inflammation trigged by LPS accompanied by reduced formation of AA and proinflammatory mediators. These findings define an innovative connection: PLE-endocannabinoid-inflammation. This mechanistic connection signifies critical roles of carboxylesterases in pathophysiological processes related to the metabolism of endocannabinoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiongqiong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingfang Yan
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Wanying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiling Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuncai Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Deshi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang L, Guan XQ, He RJ, Qin WW, Xiong Y, Zhang F, Song YQ, Huo PC, Song PF, Tang H, Ge GB. Pentacyclic triterpenoid acids in Styrax as potent and highly specific inhibitors against human carboxylesterase 1A. Food Funct 2021; 11:8680-8693. [PMID: 32940318 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01732a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human carboxylesterase 1A1 (hCES1A) is a promising target for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and obesity-associated metabolic diseases. To date, the highly specific and efficacious hCES1A inhibitors are rarely reported. This study aims to find potent and highly specific hCES1A inhibitors from herbs, and to investigate their inhibitory mechanisms. Following large-scale screening of herbal products, Styrax was found to have the most potent hCES1A inhibition activity. After that, a practical bioactivity-guided fractionation coupling with a chemical profiling strategy was used to identify the fractions from Styrax with strong hCES1A inhibition activity and the major constituents in these bioactive fractions were characterized by LC-TOF-MS/MS. The results demonstrated that seven pentacyclic triterpenoid acids (PTAs) in two bioactive fractions from Styrax potently inhibit hCES1A, with IC50 values ranging from 41 nM to 478 nM. Among all the identified PTAs, epibetulinic acid showed the most potent inhibition activity and excellent specificity towards hCES1A. Both inhibition kinetic analyses and in silico analysis suggested that epibetulinic acid potently inhibited hCES1A in a mixed inhibition manner. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that some PTAs in Styrax are potent and highly specific inhibitors of hCES1A and these constituents can be used as promising lead compounds for the development of more efficacious hCES1A inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China. and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Xiao-Qing Guan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Rong-Jing He
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei-Wei Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yun-Qing Song
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Peng-Chao Huo
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Pei-Fang Song
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Takahashi M, Hirota I, Nakano T, Kotani T, Takani D, Shiratori K, Choi Y, Haba M, Hosokawa M. Effects of steric hindrance and electron density of ester prodrugs on controlling the metabolic activation by human carboxylesterase. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2021; 38:100391. [PMID: 33872946 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2021.100391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Carboxylesterase (CES) plays an important role in the hydrolysis metabolism of ester-type drugs and prodrugs. In this study, we investigated the change in the hydrolysis rate of hCE1 by focusing on the steric hindrance of the ester structure and the electron density. For 26 kinds of synthesized indomethacin prodrugs, the hydrolytic rate was measured in the presence of human liver microsomes (HLM), human small intestine microsomes (HIM), hCE1 and hCE2. The synthesized prodrugs were classified into three types: an alkyl ester type that is specifically metabolized by hCE1, a phenyl ester type that is more easily metabolized by hCE1 than by hCE2, and a carbonate ester type that is easily metabolized by both hCE1 and hCE2. The hydrolytic rate of 1-methylpentyl (hexan-2-yl) ester was 10-times lower than that of 4-methylpentyl ester in hCE1 solution. hCE2 was susceptible to electron density of the substrate, and there was a difference in the hydrolysis rate of up to 3.5-times between p-bromophenyl ester and p-acetylphenyl ester. By changing the steric hindrance and electron density of the alkoxy group, the factors that change the hydrolysis rate by CES were elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8, Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba, 288-0025, Japan.
| | - Ibuki Hirota
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8, Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba, 288-0025, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakano
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8, Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba, 288-0025, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kotani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8, Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba, 288-0025, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8, Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba, 288-0025, Japan
| | - Kana Shiratori
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8, Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba, 288-0025, Japan
| | - Yura Choi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8, Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba, 288-0025, Japan
| | - Masami Haba
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8, Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba, 288-0025, Japan
| | - Masakiyo Hosokawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8, Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba, 288-0025, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Fricke-Galindo I, Falfán-Valencia R. Pharmacogenetics Approach for the Improvement of COVID-19 Treatment. Viruses 2021; 13:v13030413. [PMID: 33807592 PMCID: PMC7998786 DOI: 10.3390/v13030413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a challenge. The efficacy of several drugs has been evaluated and variability in drug response has been observed. Pharmacogenetics could explain this variation and improve patients’ outcomes with this complex disease; nevertheless, several disease-related issues must be carefully reviewed in the pharmacogenetic study of COVID-19 treatment. We aimed to describe the pharmacogenetic variants reported for drugs used for COVID-19 treatment (remdesivir, oseltamivir, lopinavir, ritonavir, azithromycin, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin, and dexamethasone). In addition, other factors relevant to the design of pharmacogenetic studies were mentioned. Variants in CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP2C8, CY2D6, ABCB1, ABCC2, and SLCO1B1, among other variants, could be included in pharmacogenetic studies of COVID-19 treatment. Besides, nongenetic factors such as drug–drug interactions and inflammation should be considered in the search for personalized therapy of COVID-19.
Collapse
|
35
|
Jithavech P, Ratnatilaka Na Bhuket P, Supasena W, Qiu G, Ye S, Wu J, Wong TW, Rojsitthisak P. In Vitro Hepatic Metabolism of Curcumin Diethyl Disuccinate by Liver S9 from Different Animal Species. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:577998. [PMID: 33312126 PMCID: PMC7703437 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.577998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver S9 (LS9) is a nearly complete collection of all hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes. It is a low-cost model for predicting drug metabolic activity. This study aimed to identify the suitability of using LS9 of different animal sources in drug metabolism profiling with respect to the possible translation of the in vitro outcomes to clinical studies. The in vitro hepatic metabolism of curcumin diethyl disuccinate (CDD) in LS9 of rats, dogs, monkeys, and humans was evaluated. The identity of CDD metabolites and the metabolism kinetic parameters, including degradation rate constant, in vitro/in vivo intrinsic clearance, and half-life, were determined. CDD was rapidly metabolized into monoethylsuccinyl curcumin and curcumin in LS9 of all tested species mainly by carboxylesterases (CESs), including CES1 and CES2, and butyrylcholinesterase. The in vitro intrinsic clearance of CDD was in the order of human > dog > monkey > rat, whereas that of monoethylsuccinyl curcumin in the order of dog > monkey > human > rat; this parameter was not correlated with their respective in vivo clearance, which followed the order of dog > monkey > rat > human. Therefore, in vitro drug metabolism data inferred from LS9 of nonhuman origin, especially from monkeys and dogs, cannot be used as preclinical data for human trials, as humans have a smaller liver-to-body weight ratio than monkeys, dogs, and rats. The in vivo drug metabolism is dictated by the anatomical factors of the test subject.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ponsiree Jithavech
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Natural Products Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Wiwat Supasena
- Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Guanyinsheng Qiu
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Shengqing Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Jie Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Tin Wui Wong
- Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, iPROMISE, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, Malaysia
| | - Pornchai Rojsitthisak
- Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Shi CC, Song YQ, He RJ, Guan XQ, Song LL, Chen ST, Sun MR, Ge GB, Zhang LR. Rapalogues as hCES2A Inhibitors: In Vitro and In Silico Investigations. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2020; 46:129-139. [PMID: 33140264 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-020-00659-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Rapamycin and its semi-synthetic analogues (rapalogues) are frequently used in combination with other prescribed medications in clinical settings. Although the inhibitory effects of rapalogues on cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) have been well examined, the inhibition potentials of rapalogues on human esterases have not been investigated. Herein, the inhibition potentials and inhibitory mechanisms of six marketed rapalogues on human esterases are investigated. METHODS The inhibitory effects of six marketed rapalogues (rapamycin, zotarolimus, temsirolimus, everolimus, pimecrolimus and tacrolimus) on three major esterases, including human carboxylesterases 1 (hCES1A), human carboxylesterases 2 (hCES2A) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), were assayed using isozyme-specific substrates. Inhibition kinetic analyses and docking simulations were performed to investigate the inhibitory mechanisms of the rapalogues with strong hCES2A inhibition potency. RESULTS Zotarolimus and pimecrolimus displayed strong inhibition of human hCES2A but these agents did not inhibit hCES1A or BuChE. Further investigation demonstrated that zotarolimus could strongly inhibit intracellular hCES2A in living HepG2 cells, with an estimated IC50 value of 4.09 µM. Inhibition kinetic analyses revealed that zotarolimus inhibited hCES2A-catalyzed fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis in a mixed manner, with the Ki value of 1.61 µM. Docking simulations showed that zotarolimus could tightly bind on hCES2A at two district ligand-binding sites, consistent with its mixed inhibition mode. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that several marketed rapalogues are potent and specific hCES2A inhibitors, and these agents can serve as leading compounds for the development of more efficacious hCES2A inhibitors to modulate the pharmacokinetic profiles and toxicity of hCES2A-substrate drugs (such as the anticancer agent irinotecan).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Cheng Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yun-Qing Song
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Jing He
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qing Guan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Lin Song
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Tong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Ru Sun
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Takahashi M, Lee YJ, Kanayama T, Kondo Y, Nishio K, Mukai K, Haba M, Hosokawa M. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of water-soluble phenytoin prodrugs considering the substrate recognition ability of human carboxylesterase 1. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 152:105455. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
38
|
Miao L, Mousa YM, Zhao L, Raines K, Seo P, Wu F. Using a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Absorption Model to Establish Dissolution Bioequivalence Safe Space for Oseltamivir in Adult and Pediatric Populations. AAPS JOURNAL 2020; 22:107. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-020-00493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
39
|
Liu YZ, Pan LH, Bai Y, Yang K, Dong PP, Fang ZZ. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances exert strong inhibition towards human carboxylesterases. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114463. [PMID: 32283456 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PFASs are highly persistent in both natural and living environment, and pose a significant risk for wildlife and human beings. The present study was carried out to determine the inhibitory behaviours of fourteen PFASs on metabolic activity of two major isoforms of carboxylesterases (CES). The probe substrates 2-(2-benzoyl-3-methoxyphenyl) benzothiazole (BMBT) for CES1 and fluorescein diacetate (FD) for CES2 were utilized to determine the inhibitory potentials of PFASs on CES in vitro. The results demonstrated that perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA), perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTA) and perfluorooctadecanoic acid (PFOcDA) strongly inhibited CES1 and CES2. The half inhibition concentration (IC50) value of PFDoA, PFTA and PFOcDA for CES1 inhibition was 10.6 μM, 13.4 μM and 12.6 μM, respectively. The IC50 for the inhibition of PFDoA, PFTA and PFOcDA towards CES2 were calculated to be 9.56 μM, 17.2 μM and 8.73 μM, respectively. PFDoA, PFTA and PFOcDA exhibited noncompetitive inhibition towards both CES1 and CES2. The inhibition kinetics parameters (Ki) were 27.7 μM, 26.9 μM, 11.9 μM, 4.04 μM, 29.1 μM, 27.4 μM for PFDoA-CES1, PFTA-CES1, PFOcDA-CES1, PFDoA-CES2, PFTA-CES2, PFOcDA-CES2, respectively. In vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) predicted that when the plasma concentrations of PFDoA, PFTA and PFOcDA were greater than 2.77 μM, 2.69 μM and 1.19 μM, respectively, it might interfere with the metabolic reaction catalyzed by CES1 in vivo; when the plasma concentrations of PFDoA, PFTA and PFOcDA were greater than 0.40 μM, 2.91 μM, 2.74 μM, it might interfere with the metabolic reaction catalyzed by CES2 in vivo. Molecular docking was used to explore the interactions between PFASs and CES. In conclusion, PFASs were found to cause inhibitory effects on CES in vitro, and this finding would provide an important experimental basis for further in vivo testing of PFASs focused on CES inhibition endpoints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Zhe Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Preventive Medicine Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China; Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Li-Hua Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Xiqing Hospital, Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Preventive Medicine Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China; Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Pei-Pei Dong
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Zhong-Ze Fang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Preventive Medicine Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China; Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chen Y, Ke M, Xu J, Lin C. Simulation of the Pharmacokinetics of Oseltamivir and Its Active Metabolite in Normal Populations and Patients with Hepatic Cirrhosis Using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:98. [PMID: 32128656 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-1638-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oseltamivir is a neuraminidase inhibitor widely used to treat and prevent influenza A and B infections, although its safety and pharmacokinetics have not been evaluated in patients with severe hepatic impairment. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of the prodrug oseltamivir and its active metabolite, oseltamivir carboxylate (OC), was established and validated to simulate their disposition in adults and predict the exposure in patients with Child-Pugh C cirrhosis (CP-C). The simulated results from PBPK modeling and the observed data after oral administration of various oseltamivir regimens were consistent according to the fold error values of less than 2. Furthermore, the clinical observations published in the literature were comparable with our pharmacokinetic predictions. In patients with CP-C, the oseltamivir Cmax was approximately 2-fold increased, and its AUC was approximately 6-fold higher compared with those in normal subjects. In contrast, the AUC of OC in CP-C patients did not differ significantly from that in normal subjects, whereas its Cmax was reduced by approximately 30% in the patients. Examination of drug exposure in different health conditions indicated that the oseltamivir exposure was significantly increased in conditions with elevated cirrhosis severity, which might be associated with a higher risk of adverse drug effects, e.g., neuropsychiatric adverse events (NPAEs). In conclusion, the pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and OC were correctly predicted by PBPK modeling. The model further predicted that the pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir might be altered in liver cirrhosis, depending on the degree of severity.
Collapse
|
41
|
Loukotková L, Basavarajappa M, Lumen A, Roberts R, Mattison D, Morris SM, Fisher J, Beland FA, Gamboa da Costa G. Pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir phosphate and oseltamivir carboxylate in non-pregnant and pregnant rhesus monkeys. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 112:104569. [PMID: 31927005 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oseltamivir is an antiviral drug approved to treat influenza in humans. Although the dosing regimen of this drug is well established for non-pregnant patients, it is not clear if the significant physiological alterations associated with pregnancy affect the pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and, thus, warrant different dosing regimens to assure efficacy. In this study, we investigated the suitability of rhesus macaques as an animal model for studying oseltamivir pharmacokinetics during all trimesters of pregnancy in comparison to pre-pregnant conditions. Specifically, we compared the pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and its pharmacologically active metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate in rhesus monkeys after intravenous and nasogastric administration of 2.5 mg oseltamivir phosphate/kg body weight given prior to and during the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy. Pregnancy had only a modest effect upon the pharmacokinetic parameters of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate. Monkeys treated intravenously in the third trimester had a reduction in Vd and CL, compared to non-pregnant monkeys. These changes did not occur in the other two trimesters. Pregnant monkeys treated intravenously had 20-25% decrease in AUC0-∞ of oseltamivir carboxylate and a corresponding increase in Vd and CL. Pregnant monkeys treated nasogastrically with oseltamivir phosphate demonstrated a pattern that recapitulated intravenous dosing. Taken together these data indicate that rhesus monkeys are an acceptable model for studying drug-pregnancy interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Loukotková
- FDA National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | | | - Annie Lumen
- FDA National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Rosemary Roberts
- FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Donald Mattison
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada and Hilton Head Island, SC USA and University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suzanne M Morris
- FDA National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Jeffrey Fisher
- FDA National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lan L, Ren X, Yang J, Liu D, Zhang C. Detection techniques of carboxylesterase activity: An update review. Bioorg Chem 2020; 94:103388. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
43
|
Her L, Zhu HJ. Carboxylesterase 1 and Precision Pharmacotherapy: Pharmacogenetics and Nongenetic Regulators. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 48:230-244. [PMID: 31871135 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.089680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxylesterase (CES) 1 is the most abundant drug-metabolizing enzyme in human livers, comprising approximately 1% of the entire liver proteome. CES1 is responsible for 80%-95% of total hydrolytic activity in the liver and plays a crucial role in the metabolism of a wide range of drugs (especially ester-prodrugs), pesticides, environmental pollutants, and endogenous compounds. Expression and activity of CES1 vary markedly among individuals, which is a major contributing factor to interindividual variability in the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of drugs metabolized by CES1. Both genetic and nongenetic factors contribute to CES1 variability. Here, we discuss genetic polymorphisms, including single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and copy number variants and nongenetic contributors, such as developmental status, genders, and drug-drug interactions, that could influence CES1 functionality and the PK and PD of CES1 substrates. Currently, the loss-of-function SNP G143E (rs71647871) is the only clinically significant CES1 variant identified to date, and alcohol is the only potent CES1 inhibitor that could alter the therapeutic outcomes of CES1 substrate medications. However, G143E and alcohol can only explain a small portion of the interindividual variability in the CES1 function. A better understanding of the regulation of CES1 expression and activity and identification of biomarkers for CES1 function in vivo could lead to the development of a precision pharmacotherapy strategy to improve the efficacy and safety of many CES1 substrate drugs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The clinical relevance of CES1 has been well demonstrated in various clinical trials. Genetic and nongenetic regulators can affect CES1 expression and activity, resulting in the alteration of the metabolism and clinical outcome of CES1 substrate drugs, such as methylphenidate and clopidogrel. Predicting the hepatic CES1 function can provide clinical guidance to optimize pharmacotherapy of numerous medications metabolized by CES1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Her
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hao-Jie Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sun ZH, Chen J, Song YQ, Dou TY, Zou LW, Hao DC, Liu HB, Ge GB, Yang L. Inhibition of human carboxylesterases by ginsenosides: structure-activity relationships and inhibitory mechanism. Chin Med 2019; 14:56. [PMID: 31889992 PMCID: PMC6915887 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-019-0279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human carboxylesterases (hCES) are key serine hydrolases responsible for the hydrolysis of a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic esters. Although it has been reported that some ginsenosides can modulate the activities of various enzymes, the inhibitory effects of ginsenosides on hCES have not been well-investigated. METHODS In this study, more than 20 ginsenosides were collected and their inhibitory effects on hCES1A and hCES2A were assayed using the highly specific fluorescent probe substrates for each isoenzyme. Molecular docking simulations were also performed to investigate the interactions between ginsenosides and hCES. RESULTS Among all tested ginsenosides, Dammarenediol II (DM) and 20S-O-β-(d-glucosyl)-dammarenediol II (DMG) displayed potent inhibition against both hCES1A and hCES2A, while protopanaxadiol (PPD) and protopanaxatriol (PPT) exhibited strong inhibition on hCES2A and high selectivity over hCES1A. Introduction of O-glycosyl groups at the core skeleton decreased hCES inhibition activity, while the hydroxyl groups at different sites might also effect hCES inhibition. Inhibition kinetic analyses demonstrated that DM and DMG functioned as competitive inhibitors against hCES1A-mediated d-luciferin methyl ester (DME) hydrolysis. In contrast, DM, DMG, PPD and PPT inhibit hCES2A-mediated fluorescein diacetate (FD) hydrolysis via a mixed manner. CONCLUSION The structure-inhibition relationships of ginsenosides as hCES inhibitors was investigated for the first time. Our results revealed that DM and DMG were potent inhibitors against both hCES1A and hCES2A, while PPD and PPT were selective and strong inhibitors against hCES2A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Hui Sun
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221 China
| | - Yun-Qing Song
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Tong-Yi Dou
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221 China
| | - Li-Wei Zou
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Da-Cheng Hao
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, 116028 China
| | - Hai-Bin Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co. Ltd., Liaocheng, 252201 China
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Ling Yang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
The influence of carboxylesterase 1 polymorphism and cannabidiol on the hepatic metabolism of heroin. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 316:108914. [PMID: 31837295 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Heroin (diamorphine) is a highly addictive opioid drug synthesized from morphine. The use of heroin and incidence of heroin associated overdose death has increased sharply in the US. Heroin is primarily metabolized via deacetylation (hydrolysis) forming the active metabolites 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM) and morphine. A diminution in heroin hydrolysis is likely to cause higher drug effects and toxicities. In this study, we sought to determine the contribution of the major hepatic hydrolase carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) to heroin metabolism in the liver as well as the potential influence of one of its known genetic variants, G143E (rs71647871). Furthermore, given the potential therapeutic application of cannabidiol (CBD) for heroin addiction and the frequent co-abuse of cannabis and heroin, we also assessed the effects of CBD on heroin metabolism. In vitro systems containing human liver, wild-type CES1, and G143E CES1 S9 fractions were utilized in the assessment. The contribution of CES1 to the hydrolysis of heroin to 6-MAM was determined as 3.66%, and CES1 was unable to further catalyze 6-MAM under our assay conditions. The G143E variant showed a 3.2-fold lower intrinsic clearance of heroin as compared to the WT. CBD inhibited heroin and 6-MAM hydrolysis in a reversible manner, with IC50s of 14.7 and 12.1 μM, respectively. Our study results suggested only minor involvement of CES1 in heroin hydrolysis in the liver. Therefore, the G143E variant is unlikely to cause significant impact despite a much lower hydrolytic activity. CBD exhibited potent in vitro inhibition toward both heroin and 6-MAM hydrolysis, which may be of potential clinical relevance.
Collapse
|
46
|
Shen Y, Shi Z, Yan B. Carboxylesterases: Pharmacological Inhibition Regulated Expression and Transcriptional Involvement of Nuclear Receptors and other Transcription Factors. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.32527/2019/101435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Shen
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Zhanquan Shi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Bingfang Yan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhou Q, Xiao Q, Zhang Y, Wang X, Xiao Y, Shi D. Pig liver esterases PLE1 and PLE6: heterologous expression, hydrolysis of common antibiotics and pharmacological consequences. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15564. [PMID: 31664043 PMCID: PMC6820543 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51580-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxylesterases, historically referred as non-specific esterases, are ubiquitous hydrolases with high catalytic efficiency. Without exceptions, all mammalian species studied contain multiple forms of carboxylesterases. While having been widely studied in humans and experimental animals, these enzymes remain to be characterized in farm animals. In this study, we showed that pig liver esterase 1 (PLE1) and pig liver esterase 6 (PLE6) were highly active toward amoxicillin (AMO) and ampicillin (AMP), two major antibiotics that are widely used in food-supplements. Mass-spectrometric analysis established that the hydrolysis occurred at the β-lactam amide bond and the hydrolysis drastically decreased or completely eliminated the antibacterial activity. Furthermore, hydrolytic activity and proteomic analysis suggested that trace PLEs existed in pig plasma and contributed little to the hydrolysis of AMO and AMP. These results suggested that carboxylesterases-based hydrolysis determines the therapeutic intensity of these and related antibiotics and the magnitude of the determination occurs in a species-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiongqiong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products of Ministry of Agricultural, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Qiling Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products of Ministry of Agricultural, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products of Ministry of Agricultural, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products of Ministry of Agricultural, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yuncai Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products of Ministry of Agricultural, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Deshi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China. .,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products of Ministry of Agricultural, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China. .,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhang Y, Lyu C, Fong SYK, Wang Q, Li C, Ho NJ, Chan KS, Yan X, Zuo Z. Evaluation of potential herb-drug interactions between oseltamivir and commonly used anti-influenza Chinese medicinal herbs. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 243:112097. [PMID: 31325600 PMCID: PMC7125811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE According to Traditional Chinese Medicine theory, influenza is categorized as a warm disease or Wen Bing. The Wen Bing formulas, such as Yin-Qiao-San and Sang-Ju-Yin, are still first-line herbal therapies in combating variant influenza virus. To continue our study on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between Wen Bing formulas and oseltamivir (OS), the first-line western drug for the treatment of influenza, further interactions between OS and the eight single herbs and their relevant marker components from Wen Bing formulas were investigated in the current study. AIM OF STUDY To establish an in-vitro screening platform for investigation of the potential anti-influenza herbs/herbal components that may have pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions with OS. MATERIALS AND METHODS To screen potential inhibition on OS hydrolysis, 1 μg/mL of OS is incubated with herbs/herbal components in diluted rat plasma, microsomes and human recombinant carboxylesterase 1(hCE1) under optimized conditions. MDCK-WT and MDCK-MDR1 cell lines are utilized to identify potential modification on P-gp mediated transport of OS by herbs/herbal components. Caco-2 cells with and without Gly-Sar inhibition are performed to study the uptake of OS via PEPT1 transporters. Modification on OAT3 mediated transport is verified by the uptake of OS on HEK293-MOCK/HEK293-OAT3 cells. Anti-virus effects were evaluated using plaque reduction assay on H1N1 and H3N2 viruses. Potential pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between OS (30 mg/kg) and the selected herb, Radix Scutellariae (RS), at 300-600 mg/kg were carried out on rats. All samples are analyzed by an LC/MS/MS method for the contents of OS and OSA. A mechanistic PK model was developed to interpret the HDI between OS and RS in rats. RESULTS Our developed platform was successfully applied to screen the eight herbal extracts and their ten marker components on metabolic inhibition of OS and modification of OS transport mediated by P-gp, OAT3 and PEPT1. Results from six in-vitro experiments were analyzed after converting raw data from each experiment to corresponding fold-change (FC) values, based on which Radix Scutellariae (RS) were selected to have the most HDI potential with OS. By analyzing the plasma and urine pharmacokinetic data after co-administration of OS with a standardized RS extract in rats using an integrated population pharmacokinetics model, it is suggested that RS could inhibit OS hydrolysis during absorption and increase the absorbed fraction of OS, which leads to the increased ratio of OS concentration versus that of OSA in both rat plasma and urine. Never the less, the anti-virus effects of 2.5 h post-dose rat plasma were not influenced by co-administration of OS with RS. CONCLUSION A six-dimension in-vitro screening platform has been developed and successfully applied to find RS as a potential herb that would influence the co-administrated OS in rats. Although co-administered RS could inhibit OS hydrolysis during absorption and increase the absorbed fraction of OS, which lead to the increased ratio of OS concentration versus that of OSA in both rat plasma and urine, the anti-virus effect of OS was not influenced by co-administered RS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Chunming Lyu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Sophia Yui Kau Fong
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Chenrui Li
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Nicolas James Ho
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Kay Sheung Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Zhong Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Laizure SC, Parker RB. Is genetic variability in carboxylesterase-1 and carboxylesterase-2 drug metabolism an important component of personalized medicine? Xenobiotica 2019; 50:92-100. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2019.1678078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Casey Laizure
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Translational Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Robert B Parker
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Translational Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Song PF, Zhu YD, Ma HY, Wang YN, Wang DD, Zou LW, Ge GB, Yang L. Discovery of natural pentacyclic triterpenoids as potent and selective inhibitors against human carboxylesterase 1. Fitoterapia 2019; 137:104199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|