1
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Bürvenich L, Rössler OG, Thiel G. Stimulus-Induced Activation of the Glycoprotein Hormone α-Subunit Promoter in Human Placental Choriocarcinoma Cells: Major Role of a tandem cAMP Response Element. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:3218-3235. [PMID: 38666932 PMCID: PMC11049346 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The glycoprotein hormones LH, FSH, TSH and chorionic gonadotropin consist of a common α-subunit and a hormone-specific β-subunit. The α-subunit is expressed in the pituitary and the placental cells, and its expression is regulated by extracellular signal molecules. Much is known about the regulation of the α-subunit gene in the pituitary, but few studies have addressed the regulation of this gene in trophoblasts. The aim of this study was to characterize the molecular mechanism of stimulus-induced α-subunit gene transcription in JEG-3 cells, a cellular model for human trophoblasts, using chromatin-embedded reporter genes under the control of the α-subunit promoter. The results show that increasing the concentration of the second messengers cAMP or Ca2+, or expressing the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase in the nucleus activated the α-subunit promoter. Similarly, the stimulation of p38 protein kinase activated the α-subunit promoter, linking α-subunit expression to stress response. The stimulation of a Gαq-coupled designer receptor activated the α-subunit promoter, involving the transcription factor CREB, linking α-subunit expression to hormonal stimulation and an increase in intracellular Ca2+. Deletion mutagenesis underscores the importance of a tandem cAMP response element within the glycoprotein hormone α-subunit promoter, which acts as a point of convergence for a multiple signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gerald Thiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Building 44, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (L.B.); (O.G.R.)
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2
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Wu Q, Liang Z, Jiang J, Feng X, Liu J, Zhang Z, Wang H, Wang N, Gou Y, Li Z, Cao Y. Macrophages originated IL-33/ST2 inhibits ferroptosis in endometriosis via the ATF3/SLC7A11 axis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:668. [PMID: 37816731 PMCID: PMC10564909 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a gynecological inflammatory disease that is linked with immune cells, specifically macrophages. IL-33 secreted from macrophages is known to accelerate the progression of endometriosis. The periodic and repeated bleeding that occurs in women with endometriosis leads to excess iron in the microenvironment that is conducive to ferroptosis, a process related to intracellular ROS production, lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial damage. It is suggested that eESCs may specifically be able to inhibit ferroptosis. However, it is currently unclear whether IL-33 directly regulates ferroptosis to influence the disease course in endometriosis. In this study, eESCs co-cultured with macrophages or stimulated with IL-33/ST2 were observed to have increased cell viability and migration. Additionally, IL-33/ST2 decreased intracellular iron levels and lipid peroxidation in eESCs exposed to erastin treatment. Furthermore, IL-33/ST2 treatment resulted in a notable upregulation in SLC7A11 expression in eESCs due to the downregulation of negative transcription factor ATF3, thereby suppressing ferroptosis. The P38/JNK pathway activated by IL-33/ST2 was also found to inhibit the transcription factor ATF3. Therefore, we concluded that IL-33/ST2 inhibits the ATF3-mediated reduction in SLC7A11 transcript levels via the P38/JNK pathway. The findings reveal that macrophage-derived IL-33 upregulates SLC7A11 in eESCs through the p38/JNK/ATF3 pathway, ultimately resulting in protection against ferroptosis in eESCs. Moreover, we conducted an experiment using endometriosis model mice that showed that a combination of IL-33-Ab and erastin treatment alleviated the disease, showing the promise of combining immunotherapy and ferroptosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Zongwen Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Academy of Agriculture and Food Science and Technology, HeiLongJiang Agricultural Engineearing Vocational College, Harbin, China
| | - Jinming Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Zongfeng Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150086, Harbin, China.
| | - Honglin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Yanling Gou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Yingying Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150086, Harbin, China
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3
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Dalhäusser AK, Rössler OG, Thiel G. Regulation of c-Fos gene transcription by stimulus-responsive protein kinases. Gene 2022; 821:146284. [PMID: 35143939 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The basic region leucin zipper (bZIP) protein c-Fos constitutes together with other bZIP proteins the AP-1 transcription factor complex. Expression of the c-Fos gene is regulated by numerous extracellular signaling molecules including mitogens, metabolites, and ligands for receptor tyrosine kinases, G protein-coupled receptors, and cytokine receptors. Here, we analyzed the effects of the stimulus-responsive MAP kinases ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase), JNK (c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase) and p38 protein kinase on transcription of the c-Fos gene. We used chromatin-integrated c-Fos promoter-luciferase reporter genes containing inactivating point mutations of DNA binding sites for distinct transcription factors. ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 protein kinases were specifically activated following expression of either a mutant of B-Raf, a truncated version of mitogen-activated/extracellular signal responsive kinase kinase kinase-1 (MEKK1), or a mutant of MAP kinase kinase-6 (MKK6), respectively. The results show that the DNA binding sites for serum response factor (SRF) and for the ternary complex factor (TCF) are of major importance for stimulating c-Fos promoter activity by MAP kinases. ERK1/2 and p38-induced stimulation of the c-Fos promoter additionally required the DNA binding site for the transcription factor AP-1. Mutation of the DNA binding site for STAT had no or only a small effect on c-Fos promoter activity. We conclude that MAP kinases do not activate distinct transcription factors involving distinct genetic elements. Rather, these kinases mainly target SRF and TCF proteins, leading to an activation of transcription of the c-Fos gene via the serum response element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisia K Dalhäusser
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Oliver G Rössler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Gerald Thiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany.
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4
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Son J, Mogre S, Chalmers FE, Ibinson J, Worrell S, Glick AB. The Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Sensor IRE1α Regulates the UV DNA Repair Response through the Control of Intracellular Calcium Homeostasis. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:1682-1691.e7. [PMID: 34808241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response is activated by UVB irradiation, but the role of a key mediator, IRE1α, is not clear. In this study, we show that mice with an epidermal IRE1α deletion are sensitized to UV with increased apoptosis, rapid loss of UV-induced cyclopyrimidine dimer‒positive keratinocytes, and sloughing of the epidermis. In vitro, Ire1α-deficient keratinocytes have increased UVB sensitivity, reduced cyclopyrimidine dimer repair, and reduced accumulation of γH2AX and phosphorylated ATR, suggesting defective activation of nucleotide excision repair. Knockdown of XBP1 or pharmacologic inhibition of the IRE1α ribonuclease did not phenocopy Ire1α deficiency. The altered UV response was linked to elevated intracellular calcium levels and ROS, and this was due to dysregulation of the endoplasmic reticulum calcium channel InsP3R. Pharmacologic, genetic, and biochemical studies linked the regulation of the Ins3PR, intracellular calcium, and normal UV DNA damage response to CIB1 and the IRE1α‒TRAF2‒ASK1 complex. These results suggest a model where IRE1α activation state drives CIB1 binding either to the InsP3R or ASK1 to regulate endoplasmic reticulum calcium efflux, ROS, and DNA repair responses after UV irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongin Son
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Saie Mogre
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fiona E Chalmers
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jack Ibinson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephen Worrell
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam B Glick
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, USA.
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5
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Backes TM, Langfermann DS, Lesch A, Rössler OG, Laschke MW, Vinson C, Thiel G. Regulation and function of AP-1 in insulinoma cells and pancreatic β-cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 193:114748. [PMID: 34461116 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cav1.2 L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels play a central role in pancreatic β-cells by integrating extracellular signals with intracellular signaling events leading to insulin secretion and altered gene transcription. Here, we investigated the intracellular signaling pathway following stimulation of Cav1.2 Ca2+ channels and addressed the function of the transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) in pancreatic β-cells of transgenic mice. Stimulation of Cav1.2 Ca2+ channels activates AP-1 in insulinoma cells. Pharmacological and genetic experiments identified c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase as a signal transducer connecting Cav1.2 Ca2+ channel activation with gene transcription. Moreover, the basic region-leucine zipper proteins ATF2 and c-Jun or c-Jun-related proteins were involved in stimulus-transcription coupling. We addressed the functions of AP-1 in pancreatic β-cells analyzing a newly generated transgenic mouse model. These transgenic mice expressed A-Fos, a mutant of c-Fos that attenuates DNA binding of c-Fos dimerization partners. In insulinoma cells, A-Fos completely blocked AP-1 activation following stimulation of Cav1.2 Ca2+ channels. The analysis of transgenic A-Fos-expressing mice revealed that the animals displayed impaired glucose tolerance. Thus, we show here for the first time that AP-1 controls an important function of pancreatic β-cells in vivo, the regulation of glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias M Backes
- Saarland University Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Daniel S Langfermann
- Saarland University Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Lesch
- Saarland University Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Oliver G Rössler
- Saarland University Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Saarland University Medical Faculty, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Gerald Thiel
- Saarland University Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, D-66421 Homburg, Germany.
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6
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Thiel G, Wagner L, Ulrich M, Rössler OG. Immediate-early transcriptional response to insulin receptor stimulation. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114696. [PMID: 34302794 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin binding to the insulin receptor triggers intracellular signaling cascades involving the activation of protein and lipid kinases. As a result, multiple biological functions of the cells are changed. Here, we analyzed the regulation and signaling cascades leading to insulin-induced activation of the stimulus-responsive transcription factors. For the analyses, we used chromatin-embedded reporter genes having a cellular nucleosomal organisation, and fibroblasts expressing human insulin receptors (HIRcB cells). The results show that stimulation of the insulin receptor induced the expression of the transcription factor Egr-1. Attenuation of Egr-1 promoter activation was observed following expression of a dominant-negative mutant of the ternary complex factor Elk-1. These data were corroborated by experiments showing that insulin receptor stimulation increased the transcriptional activation potential of Elk-1. In addition, the transcriptional activity of AP-1 was significantly elevated in insulin-stimulated HIRcB cells. Expression of the dominant-negative mutant of Elk-1 reduced insulin-induced activation of AP-1, indicating that Elk-1 controls both serum response element and AP-1-regulated transcription. Moreover, we show that stimulation of the insulin receptor activates cyclic AMP response element (CRE)-controlled transcription, involving the transcription factor CREB. Insulin-induced transcription of Elk-1 and CREB-controlled reporter genes was attenuated by overexpression of MAP kinase phosphatase-1 or a constitutively active mutant of calcineurin A, indicating that both phosphatases are part of a negative feedback loop for reducing insulin-mediated gene transcription. Finally, we show that expression of the adenoviral protein E1A selectively reduced CRE-mediated transcription following stimulation of the insulin receptor. These data indicate that insulin-regulated transcription of CRE-containing genes is under epigenetic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Thiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany.
| | - Lara Wagner
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Myriam Ulrich
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Oliver G Rössler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
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7
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Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of TRPC6-induced gene transcription. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 886:173357. [PMID: 32758574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical-6 (TRPC6) channels are non-selective cation channels that can be activated by hyperforin, a constituent of Hypericum perforatum. TRPC6 activation has been linked to a variety of biological functions and pathologies, including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and the development of various tumor entities. Thus, TRPC6 is an interesting drug target, and a specific pharmacological inhibitor would be very valuable for both basic research and therapy of TRPC6-mediated human pathologies. Here, we assessed the biological activity of various TRP channel inhibitors on hyperforin-stimulated TRPC6 channel signaling. Hyperforin stimulates the activity of the transcription factor AP-1 via TRPC6. Expression experiments involving a TRPC6-specific small hairpin RNA confirmed that hyperforin-induced gene transcription requires TRPC6. Cellular AP-1 activity was measured to assess which compound interrupted the TRPC6-induced intracellular signaling cascade. The results show that the compounds 2-APB, clotrimazole, BCTC, TC-I 2014, SAR 7334, and larixyl acetate blocked TRPC6-mediated activation of AP-1. In contrast, the TRPM8-specific inhibitor RQ-00203078 did not inhibit TRPC6-mediated signaling. 2-APB, clotrimazole, BCTC, and TC-I 2014 are broad-spectrum Ca2+ channel inhibitors, while SAR 7334 and larixyl acetate have been proposed to function as rather TRPC6-specific inhibitors. In this study it is shown that both compounds, in addition to inhibiting TRPC6-induced signaling, completely abolished pregnenolone sulfate-mediated signaling via TRPM3 channels. Thus, SAR 7334 and larixyl acetate are not TRPC6-specific inhibitors.
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8
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Ulrich M, Wissenbach U, Thiel G. The super-cooling compound icilin stimulates c-Fos and Egr-1 expression and activity involving TRPM8 channel activation, Ca2+ ion influx and activation of the ternary complex factor Elk-1. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:113936. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Lesch A, Backes TM, Langfermann DS, Rössler OG, Laschke MW, Thiel G. Ternary complex factor regulates pancreatic islet size and blood glucose homeostasis in transgenic mice. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104983. [PMID: 32504838 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of diabetes mellitus is the inability of pancreatic β-cells to secrete sufficient amounts of insulin for maintaining normoglycemia. The formation of smaller islets may underlie the development of a diabetic phenotype, as a decreased β-cell mass will produce an insufficient amount of insulin. For a pharmacological intervention it is crucial to identify the proteins determining β-cell mass. Here, we identified the ternary complex factor (TCF) Elk-1 as a regulator of the size of pancreatic islets. Elk-1 mediates, together with a dimer of the serum-response factor (SRF), serum response element-regulated gene transcription. Elk-1 is activated in glucose-treated pancreatic β-cells but the biological functions of this protein in β-cells are so far unknown. Elk-1 and homologous TCF proteins are expressed in islets and insulinoma cells. Gene targeting experiments revealed that the TCF proteins show redundant activities. To solve the problem of functional redundancy of these homologous proteins, we generated conditional transgenic mice expressing a dominant-negative mutant of Elk-1 in pancreatic β-cells. The mutant competes with the wild-type TCFs for DNA and SRF-binding. Expression of the Elk-1 mutant in pancreatic β-cells resulted in the generation of significantly smaller islets and increased caspase-3 activity, indicating that apoptosis was responsible for the reduction of the pancreatic islet size. Glucose tolerance tests revealed that transgenic mice expressing the dominant-negative mutant of Elk-1 in pancreatic β-cells displayed impaired glucose tolerance. Thus, we show here for the first time that TCF controls important functions of pancreatic β-cells in vivo. Elk-1 may be considered as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lesch
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Tobias M Backes
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Daniel S Langfermann
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Oliver G Rössler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, D-66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Gerald Thiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany.
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10
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Thiel G, Ulrich M, Mukaida N, Rössler OG. Regulation of stimulus-induced interleukin-8 gene transcription in human adrenocortical carcinoma cells – Role of AP-1 and NF-κB. Cytokine 2020; 126:154862. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Thiel G, Backes TM, Welck J, Steinhausen S, Fischer AL, Langfermann DS, Ulrich M, Wissenbach U, Rössler OG. Pharmacological inhibition of TRPM8-induced gene transcription. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 170:113678. [PMID: 31654626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin-8 (TRPM8) channels are activated by cold temperature, menthol and icilin, leading to cold sensation. TRPM8 activation is connected with various diseases, indicating that a specific pharmacological antagonist, allowing nongenetic channel suppression, would be a valuable tool for therapy and basic research. Here, we assessed the biological activity and specificity of various TRPM8 inhibitors following stimulation of TRPM8 channels with either icilin or menthol. Recently, we showed that icilin strikingly upregulates the transcriptional activity of AP-1. By measuring AP-1 activity, we assessed which compound interrupted the TRPM8-induced intracellular signaling cascade from the plasma membrane to the nucleus. We tested the specificity of various TRPM8 inhibitors by analyzing AP-1 activation following stimulation of TRPM3 and TRPV1 channels, L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, and Gαq-coupled receptors, either in the presence or absence of a particular TRPM8 inhibitor. The results show that the TRPM8 inhibitors BCTC, RQ-00203078, TC-1 2014, 2-APB, and clotrimazole blocked TRPM8-mediated activation of AP-1. However, only the compound RQ-00203078 showed TRPM8-specificity, while the other compounds function as broad-spectrum Ca2+ channel inhibitors. In addition, we show that progesterone interfered with TRPM8-induced activation of AP-1, as previously shown for TRPM3 and TRPC6 channels. TRPM8-induced transcriptional activation of AP-1 was additionally blocked by the compound PD98059, indicating that extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase-1/2 is essential to couple TRPM8 stimulation with transcriptional activation of AP-1. Moreover, an influx of Ca2+-ions is essential to induce the intracellular signaling cascade leading to the activation of AP-1.
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Key Words
- 2-APB, PubChem CID: 1598
- BCTC, PubChem CID: 9929425
- Capsaicin, PubChem CID: 1548943
- Clotrimazole, PubChem CID: 2812
- Clozapine N-oxide, PubChem CID: 135445691
- Designer receptor
- ERK1/2
- FPL 64176, PubChem CID: 3423
- Icilin, PubChem CID: 161930
- KCl, PubChem CID: 4873
- Menthol, PubChem CID: 1254
- PD98059, PubChem CID: 4713
- Pregnenolone sulfate, PubChem CID: 105074
- Progesterone, PubChem CID: 5994
- RQ-00203078, PubChem CID: 49783953
- TC-1 2014, PubChem CID: 10040286
- TRPM3
- TRPM8
- TRPV1
- Voltage-gated calcium channel
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Thiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, D-66421 Homburg, Germany.
| | - Tobias M Backes
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Welck
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Anna-Lena Fischer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Daniel S Langfermann
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Myriam Ulrich
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Wissenbach
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Oliver G Rössler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
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12
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Calcineurin controls gene transcription following stimulation of a Gαq-coupled designer receptor. Exp Cell Res 2019; 383:111553. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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13
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Dihydrotestosterone activates AP-1 in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 110:9-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Wei Y, Meng M, Tian Z, Xie F, Yin Q, Dai C, Wang J, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Liu C, Yan F, Jiang F, Guo X. Pharmacological preconditioning with the cellular stress inducer thapsigargin protects against experimental sepsis. Pharmacol Res 2018; 141:114-122. [PMID: 30579975 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that pretreatment with thapsigargin (TG), a cellular stress inducer, produced potent protective actions against various pathologic injuries. So far there is no information on the effects of TG on the development of bacterial sepsis. Using lipopolysaccharides- and cecal ligation/puncture-induced sepsis models in mice, we demonstrated that preconditioning with a single bolus administration of TG conferred significant improvements in survival. The beneficial effects of TG were not mediated by ER stress induction or changes in Toll-like receptor 4 signaling. In vivo and in cultured macrophages, we identified that TG reduced the protein production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, but exhibited no significant effects on steady state levels of their transcriptions. Direct measurement on the fraction of polysome-bound mRNAs revealed that TG reduced the translational efficiency of pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. Moreover, we provided evidence suggesting that repression of the mTOR (the mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway, but not activation of the PERK (protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase)-eIF2α (eukaryotic initiation factor 2α) pathway, might be involved in mediating the TG effects on cytokine production. In summary, our results support that pharmacological preconditioning with TG may represent a novel strategy to prevent sepsis-induced mortality and organ injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Wei
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mei Meng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhenyu Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fubo Xie
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qihui Yin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chaochao Dai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qunye Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Emergency, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Xiaosun Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
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Langfermann DS, Rössler OG, Thiel G. Stimulation of B-Raf increases c-Jun and c-Fos expression and upregulates AP-1-regulated gene transcription in insulinoma cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 472:126-139. [PMID: 29225069 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Stimulation of pancreatic β-cells with glucose activates the protein kinases B-Raf and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase that participate in glucose sensing. Inhibition of both kinases results in impairment of glucose-regulated gene transcription. To analyze the signaling pathway controlled by B-Raf, we expressed a conditionally active form of B-Raf in INS-1 insulinoma cells. Here, we show that stimulation of B-Raf strongly activated the transcription factor AP-1 which is accompanied by increased c-Jun and c-Fos promoter activities, an upregulation of c-Jun and c-Fos biosynthesis, and elevated transcriptional activation potentials of c-Jun and c-Fos. Mutational analysis identified the AP-1 sites within the c-Jun promoter and the serum response element (SRE) within the c-Fos promoter as the essential genetic elements connecting B-Raf stimulation with AP-1 activation. In line with this, the transcriptional activation potential of the SRE-binding protein Elk-1 was increased following B-Raf activation. The signal pathway from B-Raf to AP-1 required the activation of c-Jun. We identified the cyclin D1 gene as a delayed response gene for AP-1 following stimulation of B-Raf in insulinoma cells. Moreover, MAP kinase phosphatase-1 and the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin were identified to function as shut-off-devices for the signaling cascade connecting B-Raf stimulation with the activation of AP-1. The fact that stimulation with glucose, activation of L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, and stimulation of B-Raf all trigger an activation of AP-1 indicates that AP-1 is a point of convergence of signaling pathways in β-cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Langfermann
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Oliver G Rössler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Gerald Thiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany.
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16
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Backes TM, Rössler OG, Hui X, Grötzinger C, Lipp P, Thiel G. Stimulation of TRPV1 channels activates the AP-1 transcription factor. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 150:160-169. [PMID: 29452097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels were originally described as the receptors of capsaicin, the main constituent of hot chili pepper. The biological functions of TRPV1 channels include pain sensation and inflammatory thermal hyperalgesia. Here, we show that stimulation of HEK293 cells expressing TRPV1 channels (H2C1 cells) with capsaicin or the TRPV1 ligand resiniferatoxin activated transcription mediated by the transcription factor AP-1. No cell death was occurring under these experimental conditions. The AP-1 activity was not altered in capsaicin or resiniferatoxin-stimulated HEK293 cells lacking TRPV1. We identified the AP-1 DNA binding site as the capsaicin/resiniferatoxin-responsive element. Stimulation with the TRPV1 ligand N-arachidonoyldopamine increased AP-1 activity in a TRPV1-dependent and TRPV1-independent manner. Stimulation of TRPV1 channels induced an influx of Ca2+ into the cells and this rise in intracellular Ca2+ was essential for activating AP-1 in capsaicin or resiniferatoxin-stimulated cells. N-arachidonoyldopamine stimulation induced a rise in intracellular Ca2+ in a TRPV-1 dependent and independent manner. AP-1 is a dimeric transcription factor, composed of proteins of the c-Jun, c-Fos and ATF families. Stimulation of TRPV1 channels with capsaicin increased c-Jun and c-Fos biosynthesis in H2C1 cells. The signal transduction of capsaicin, leading to enhanced AP-1-mediated transcription, required extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase ERK1/2 as a signal transducer and the activation of the transcription factors c-Jun and ternary complex factor. Together, these data suggest that the intracellular functions of TRPV1 stimulation may rely on the activation of a stimulus-regulated protein kinase and stimulus-responsive transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias M Backes
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Oliver G Rössler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Xin Hui
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Grötzinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Lipp
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Gerald Thiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany.
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17
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Lesch A, Rössler OG, Thiel G. Extracellular Signal-Regulated Protein Kinase, c-Jun N-Terminal Protein Kinase, and Calcineurin Regulate Transient Receptor Potential M3 (TRPM3) Induced Activation of AP-1. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2409-2419. [PMID: 28112420 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation of transient receptor potential M3 (TRPM3) cation channels with pregnenolone sulfate induces an influx of Ca2+ ions into the cells and a rise in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, leading to the activation of the activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor. Here, we show that expression of a constitutively active mutant of the Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin attenuated pregnenolone sulfate-induced AP-1 activation in TRPM3-expressing cells. Likewise, expression of the regulatory B subunit of calcineurin reduced AP-1 activity in the cells following stimulation of TRPM3 channels. MAP kinase phosphatase-1 has been shown to attenuate TRPM3-mediated AP-1 activation. Here, we show that pregnenolone sulfate-induced stimulation of TRPM3 triggers the phosphorylation and activation of the MAP kinase extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2). Pharmacological and genetic experiments revealed that stimulation of ERK1/2 is essential for the activation of AP-1 in cells expressing stimulated TRPM3 channels. ERK1/2 is required for the activation of the transcription factor c-Jun, a key component of the AP-1 transcription factor, and regulates c-Fos promoter activity. In addition, we identified c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK1/2) as a second signal transducer of activated TRPM3 channels. Together, the data show that calcineurin and the protein kinases ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 are important regulators within the signaling cascade connecting TRPM3 channel stimulation with increased AP-1-regulated transcription. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 2409-2419, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lesch
- Saarland University, Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Oliver G Rössler
- Saarland University, Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Gerald Thiel
- Saarland University, Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
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18
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Hyperforin activates gene transcription involving transient receptor potential C6 channels. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 129:96-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Abstract
The stress response and cell survival are necessary for normal pancreatic β-cell function, glucose homeostasis, and prevention of diabetes. The homeodomain transcription factor and human diabetes gene pancreas/duodenum homeobox protein 1 (Pdx1) regulates β-cell survival and endoplasmic reticulum stress susceptibility, in part through direct regulation of activating transcription factor 4 (Atf4). Here we show that Atf5, a close but less-studied relative of Atf4, is also a target of Pdx1 and is critical for β-cell survival under stress conditions. Pdx1 deficiency led to decreased Atf5 transcript, and primary islet ChIP-sequencing localized PDX1 to the Atf5 promoter, implicating Atf5 as a PDX1 target. Atf5 expression was stress inducible and enriched in β cells. Importantly, Atf5 deficiency decreased survival under stress conditions. Loss-of-function and chromatin occupancy experiments positioned Atf5 downstream of and parallel to Atf4 in the regulation of eIF4E-binding protein 1 (4ebp1), a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway component that inhibits protein translation. Accordingly, Atf5 deficiency attenuated stress suppression of global translation, likely enhancing the susceptibility of β cells to stress-induced apoptosis. Thus, we identify ATF5 as a member of the transcriptional network governing pancreatic β-cell survival during stress.
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Koh J, Hogue JA, Sosa JA. A Novel Ex Vivo Method for Visualizing Live-Cell Calcium Response Behavior in Intact Human Tumors. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161134. [PMID: 27537691 PMCID: PMC4990350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional impact of intratumoral heterogeneity has been difficult to assess in the absence of a means to interrogate dynamic, live-cell biochemical events in the native tissue context of a human tumor. Conventional histological methods can reveal morphology and static biomarker expression patterns but do not provide a means to probe and evaluate tumor functional behavior and live-cell responsiveness to experimentally controlled stimuli. Here, we describe an approach that couples vibratome-mediated viable tissue sectioning with live-cell confocal microscopy imaging to visualize human parathyroid adenoma tumor cell responsiveness to extracellular calcium challenge. Tumor sections prepared as 300 micron-thick tissue slices retain viability throughout a >24 hour observation period and retain the native architecture of the parental tumor. Live-cell observation of biochemical signaling in response to extracellular calcium challenge in the intact tissue slices reveals discrete, heterogeneous kinetic waveform categories of calcium agonist reactivity within each tumor. Plotting the proportion of maximally responsive tumor cells as a function of calcium concentration yields a sigmoid dose-response curve with a calculated calcium EC50 value significantly elevated above published reference values for wild-type calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) sensitivity. Subsequent fixation and immunofluorescence analysis of the functionally evaluated tissue specimens allows alignment and mapping of the physical characteristics of individual cells within the tumor to specific calcium response behaviors. Evaluation of the relative abundance of intracellular PTH in tissue slices challenged with variable calcium concentrations demonstrates that production of the hormone can be dynamically manipulated ex vivo. The capability of visualizing live human tumor tissue behavior in response to experimentally controlled conditions opens a wide range of possibilities for personalized ex vivo therapeutic testing. This highly adaptable system provides a unique platform for live-cell ex vivo provocative testing of human tumor responsiveness to a range of physiological agonists or candidate therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Koh
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Joyce A. Hogue
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Julie A. Sosa
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Cancer Institute and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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Liu Z, Shi Q, Song X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Song E, Song Y. Activating Transcription Factor 4 (ATF4)-ATF3-C/EBP Homologous Protein (CHOP) Cascade Shows an Essential Role in the ER Stress-Induced Sensitization of Tetrachlorobenzoquinone-Challenged PC12 Cells to ROS-Mediated Apoptosis via Death Receptor 5 (DR5) Signaling. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:1510-8. [PMID: 27484784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tetrachlorobenzoquinone (TCBQ) is a downstream metabolite of pentachlorophenol (PCP). Previously, we demonstrated that TCBQ caused cytotoxicity due to mitochondrial-related apoptosis. Here, we confirmed the upregulation of death receptor 5 (DR5) followed by the construction of the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC). We also detected the activation of the caspase cascade, which was correlated with TCBQ-induced apoptotic cell death in PC12 cells. The upregulation of DR5 included transcriptional activation and de novo protein synthesis in response to TCBQ. We also identified the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as a new target for the TCBQ challenge in PC12 cells. The protein kinase R-like ER kinase/eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (PERK/eIF2α)-mediated activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)-ATF3-C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) signaling pathway contributed to the process of TCBQ-induced ER stress. Blocking ATF4, ATF3, or CHOP signaling by gene silencing technology resulted in decreased cell apoptosis after exposure to TCBQ. Finally, NAC ameliorated TCBQ-induced apoptosis and ER stress, which illustrated that TCBQ-induced apoptosis is somehow ROS-dependent. In summary, this study provided important mechanistic insight into how TCBQ utilizes ER stress-related signaling to exhibit pro-apoptotic activity in PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University , Chongqing, People's Republic of China , 400715
| | - Qiong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University , Chongqing, People's Republic of China , 400715
| | - Xiufang Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University , Chongqing, People's Republic of China , 400715
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University , Chongqing, People's Republic of China , 400715
| | - Yawen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University , Chongqing, People's Republic of China , 400715
| | - Erqun Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University , Chongqing, People's Republic of China , 400715
| | - Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University , Chongqing, People's Republic of China , 400715
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Combining fibroblast isolation with lentiviral gene transfer to validate transgene expression in mice following pronucleus injection. Transgenic Res 2016; 25:839-846. [DOI: 10.1007/s11248-016-9973-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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23
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Rössler OG, Thiel G. Specificity of Stress-Responsive Transcription Factors Nrf2, ATF4, and AP-1. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:127-140. [PMID: 27278863 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cellular stress leads to an upregulation of gene transcription. We asked if there is a specificity in the activation of the stress-responsive transcription factors Nrf2, ATF4, and AP-1/c-Jun, or if activation of these proteins is a redundant cellular answer toward extracellular stressors. Here, we show that oxidative stress, induced by stimulation of the cells with the oxidant arsenite, strongly activated gene transcription via the stress-responsive element (StRE), while phorbol ester or tunicamycin, activators of AP-1/c-Jun or ATF4, respectively, activated AP-1 or nutrient-sensing response element-mediated transcription. Preincubation of the cells with N-acetyl-cysteine or overexpression of thioredoxin selectively attenuated arsenite-induced upregulation of StRE-regulated transcription. Expression of either dominant-negative or constitutively active mutants of Nrf2, ATF4, or c-Jun confirmed that distinct transcription units are regulated by these transcription factors. Physiological stimuli involving the activation of either Gαq-coupled designer receptors or the protein kinases c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase or p38 strongly stimulated transcription via AP-1/c-Jun, with minimal effects on Nrf2 or ATF4-responsive promoters. Thus, activation of transcription by extracellular signaling molecules shows specificity at the level of the chemical nature of the signaling molecule, at the level of the intracellular transduction process, and at the level of signal-responsive transcription factors. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 127-140, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver G Rössler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, Building 44, D-66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Gerald Thiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, Building 44, D-66421, Homburg, Germany
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LL-37 stimulates the functions of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells via early growth response 1 and the MAPK pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:58. [PMID: 27095351 PMCID: PMC4837546 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0313-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background LL-37 is a naturally occurring antimicrobial peptide found in the wound bed and assists wound repair. No published study has characterized the role of LL-37 in the function(s) of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). This study investigated the functions of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) activated by LL-37 by performing both in vitro assays with cultured cells and in vivo assays with C57BL/6 mice with hair loss. Methods Human ASCs were isolated from healthy donors with written informed consent. To examine the effects of LL-37 on ASC function, cell proliferation and migration were measured by a cell counting kit (CCK-8) and a Transwell migration assay. Early growth response 1 (EGR1) mRNA expression was determined by microarray and real-time PCR analyses. The protein levels of EGR1 and regenerative factors were analyzed by specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and western blotting. Results LL-37 treatment enhanced the proliferation and migration of human ASCs expressing formyl peptide receptor like-1. Microarray and real-time PCR data showed that EGR1 expression was rapidly and significantly increased by LL-37 treatment. LL-37 treatment also enhanced the production of EGR1. Moreover, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of EGR1 inhibited LL-37-enhanced ASC proliferation and migration. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was essential not only for LL-37-enhanced ASC proliferation and migration but also EGR1 expression; treatment with a specific inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38, or c-Jun N-terminal kinase blocked the stimulatory effect of LL-37. EGR1 has a strong paracrine capability and can influence angiogenic factors in ASCs; therefore, we evaluated the secretion levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, thymosin beta-4, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and stromal cell-derived factor-1. LL-37 treatment increased the secretion of these regenerative factors. Moreover, treatment with the conditioned medium of ASCs pre-activated with LL-37 strongly promoted hair growth in vivo. Conclusions These findings show that LL-37 increases EGR1 expression and MAPK activation, and that preconditioning of ASCs with LL-37 has a strong potential to promote hair growth in vivo. This study correlates LL-37 with MSC functions (specifically those of ASCs), including cell expansion, cell migration, and paracrine actions, which may be useful in terms of implantation for tissue regeneration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-016-0313-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Niclosamide induced cell apoptosis via upregulation of ATF3 and activation of PERK in Hepatocellular carcinoma cells. BMC Gastroenterol 2016; 16:25. [PMID: 26917416 PMCID: PMC4766699 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-016-0442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of most common and aggressive human malignancies in the world, especially, in eastern Asia, and its mortality is very high at any phase. We want to investigate mechanism of niclosamide inducing cell apoptosis in HCC. Methods Two hepatoma cell lines were used to evaluate activity of niclosamide inducing cell apoptosis and study its mechanism. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting were used in analysis of genes expression or protein active regulated by niclosamide. Results Niclosamide remarkably induced cell apoptosis in hepatoma cells. Furthermore, our study revealed that RNA-dependent protein kinase-like kinase (PERK) is activated and its expression is up-regulated in HCC cells which are exposed to niclosamide. niclosamide also significantly increase activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-homologous protein (CHOP) expression in HCC cells. It’s suggested that the function of niclosamide was abrogated by PERK inhibitor or absent ATF3. Expression of PERK and CHOP is correlated with ATF3 level in the cells. Conclusion Taken together, our results indicate that ATF3 plays an integral role in ER stress activated and cell apoptosis induced by niclosamide in HCC cells. In this study, the new mechanism of niclosamide as anti-cancer we investigated, too.
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Rubil S, Rössler OG, Thiel G. CREB, AP-1, ternary complex factors and MAP kinases connect transient receptor potential melastatin-3 (TRPM3) channel stimulation with increased c-Fos expression. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 173:305-18. [PMID: 26493679 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The rise in intracellular Ca(2+) stimulates the expression of the transcription factor c-Fos. Depending on the mode of entry of Ca(2+) into the cytosol, distinct signal transducers and transcription factors are required. Here, we have analysed the signalling pathway connecting a Ca(2+) influx via activation of transient receptor potential melastatin-3 (TRPM3) channels with enhanced c-Fos expression. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Transcription of c-Fos promoter/reporter genes that were integrated into the chromatin via lentiviral gene transfer was analysed in HEK293 cells overexpressing TRPM3. The transcriptional activation potential of c-Fos was measured using a GAL4-c-Fos fusion protein. KEY RESULTS The signalling pathway connecting TRPM3 stimulation with enhanced c-Fos expression requires the activation of MAP kinases. On the transcriptional level, three Ca(2+) -responsive elements, the cAMP-response element and the binding sites for the serum response factor (SRF) and AP-1, are essential for the TRPM3-mediated stimulation of the c-Fos promoter. Ternary complex factors are additionally involved in connecting TRPM3 stimulation with the up-regulation of c-Fos expression. Stimulation of TRPM3 channels also increases the transcriptional activation potential of c-Fos. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Signalling molecules involved in connecting TRPM3 with the c-Fos gene are MAP kinases and the transcription factors CREB, SRF, AP-1 and ternary complex factors. As c-Fos constitutes, together with other basic region leucine zipper transcription factors, the AP-1 transcription factor complex, the results of this study explain TRPM3-induced activation of AP-1 and connects TRPM3 with the biological functions regulated by AP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rubil
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Oliver G Rössler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Gerald Thiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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Hansson E, Skiöldebrand E. Coupled cell networks are target cells of inflammation, which can spread between different body organs and develop into systemic chronic inflammation. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2015. [PMID: 26213498 PMCID: PMC4514450 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-015-0091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Several organs in the body comprise cells coupled into networks. These cells have in common that they are excitable but do not express action potentials. Furthermore, they are equipped with Ca2+ signaling systems, which can be intercellular and/or extracellular. The transport of small molecules between the cells occurs through gap junctions comprising connexin 43. Examples of cells coupled into networks include astrocytes, keratinocytes, chondrocytes, synovial fibroblasts, osteoblasts, connective tissue cells, cardiac and corneal fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, hepatocytes, and different types of glandular cells. These cells are targets for inflammation, which can be initiated after injury or in disease. If the inflammation reaches the CNS, it develops into neuroinflammation and can be of importance in the development of systemic chronic inflammation, which can manifest as pain and result in changes in the expression and structure of cellular components. Biochemical parameters of importance for cellular functions are described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Hansson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Per Dubbsgatan 14, 1tr, , SE 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Skiöldebrand
- Section of Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden ; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
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The Frog Skin-Derived Antimicrobial Peptide Esculentin-1a(1-21)NH2 Promotes the Migration of Human HaCaT Keratinocytes in an EGF Receptor-Dependent Manner: A Novel Promoter of Human Skin Wound Healing? PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128663. [PMID: 26068861 PMCID: PMC4466536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the many functions of skin is to protect the organism against a wide range of pathogens. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) produced by the skin epithelium provide an effective chemical shield against microbial pathogens. However, whereas antibacterial/antifungal activities of AMPs have been extensively characterized, much less is known regarding their wound healing-modulatory properties. By using an in vitro re-epithelialisation assay employing special cell-culture inserts, we detected that a derivative of the frog-skin AMP esculentin-1a, named esculentin-1a(1-21)NH2, significantly stimulates migration of immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) over a wide range of peptide concentrations (0.025–4 μM), and this notably more efficiently than human cathelicidin (LL-37). This activity is preserved in primary human epidermal keratinocytes. By using appropriate inhibitors and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay we found that the peptide-induced cell migration involves activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor and STAT3 protein. These results suggest that esculentin-1a(1-21)NH2 now deserves to be tested in standard wound healing assays as a novel candidate promoter of skin re-epithelialisation. The established ability of esculentin-1a(1-21)NH2 to kill microbes without harming mammalian cells, namely its high anti-Pseudomonal activity, makes this AMP a particularly attractive candidate wound healing promoter, especially in the management of chronic, often Pseudomonas-infected, skin ulcers.
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Lai SL, Wong PF, Lim TK, Lin Q, Mustafa MR. Cytotoxic mechanisms of panduratin A on A375 melanoma cells: A quantitative and temporal proteomics analysis. Proteomics 2015; 15:1608-21. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siew-Li Lai
- Centre of Natural Products & Drug Discovery (CENAR); Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; Malaysia
| | - Pooi-Fong Wong
- Centre of Natural Products & Drug Discovery (CENAR); Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; Malaysia
| | - Teck-Kwang Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences; National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Qingsong Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences; National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Mohd Rais Mustafa
- Centre of Natural Products & Drug Discovery (CENAR); Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; Malaysia
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Rössler OG, Glatzel D, Thiel G. Resveratrol upregulates Egr-1 expression and activity involving extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and ternary complex factors. Exp Cell Res 2015; 332:116-27. [PMID: 25645941 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many intracellular functions have been attributed to resveratrol, a polyphenolic phytoalexin found in grapes and in other plants. Here, we show that resveratrol induces the expression of the transcription factor Egr-1 in human embryonic kidney cells. Using a chromosomally embedded Egr-1-responsive reporter gene, we show that the Egr-1 activity was significantly elevated in resveratrol-treated cells, indicating that the newly synthesized Egr-1 protein was biologically active. Stimulus-transcription coupling leading to the resveratrol-induced upregulation of Egr-1 expression and activity requires the protein kinases Raf and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase ERK, while MAP kinase phosphatase-1 functions as a nuclear shut-off device that interrupts the signaling cascade connecting resveratrol stimulation with enhanced Egr-1 expression. On the transcriptional level, Elk-1, a key transcriptional regulator of serum response element-driven gene transcription, connects the intracellular signaling cascade elicited by resveratrol with transcription of the Egr-1 gene. These data were corroborated by the observation that stimulation of the cells with resveratrol increased the transcriptional activation potential of Elk-1. The SRE as well as the GC-rich DNA binding site of Egr-1 function as resveratrol-responsive elements. Thus, resveratrol regulates gene transcription via activation of the stimulus-regulated protein kinases Raf and ERK and the stimulus-responsive transcription factors TCF and Egr-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver G Rössler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Saarland, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Glatzel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Saarland, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Gerald Thiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Saarland, D-66421 Homburg, Germany.
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Lesch A, Hui X, Lipp P, Thiel G. Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin-3 (TRPM3)–Induced Activation of AP-1 Requires Ca2+ Ions and the Transcription Factors c-Jun, ATF2, and Ternary Complex Factor. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 87:617-28. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.095695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Lesch A, Rubil S, Thiel G. Activation and inhibition of transient receptor potential TRPM3-induced gene transcription. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:2645-58. [PMID: 24895737 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Transient receptor potential-3 (TRPM3) channels function as Ca2+ permeable cation channels. While the natural ligands for these channels are still unknown, several compounds have been described that either activate or inhibit TRPM3 channel activity. experimental approach: We assessed TRPM3-mediated gene transcription, which relies on the induction of intracellular signalling to the nucleus following activation of TRPM3 channels. Activator protein-1 (AP-1) and Egr-1-responsive reporter genes were integrated into the chromatin of the cells. This strategy enabled us to analyse gene transcription of the AP-1 and Egr-1-responsive reporter genes that were packed into an ordered chromatin structure. KEY RESULTS The neurosteroid pregnenolone sulfate strikingly up-regulated AP-1 and Egr-1 transcriptional activity, while nifedipine and D-erythro-sphingosine, also putative activators of TRPM3 channels, exhibited either no or TRPM3-independent effects on gene transcription. In addition, pregnenolone sulfate robustly enhanced the transcriptional activation potential of the ternary complex factor Elk-1. Pregnenolone sulfate-induced activation of gene transcription was blocked by treatment with mefenamic acid and, to a lesser extent, by the polyphenol naringenin. In contrast, progesterone, pregnenolone and rosiglitazone reduced AP-1 activity in the cells, but had no inhibitory effect on Egr-1 activity in pregnenolone sulfate-stimulated cells. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Pregnenolone sulfate is a powerful activator of TRPM3-mediated gene transcription, while transcription is completely inhibited by mefenamic acid in cells expressing activated TRPM3 channels. Both compounds are valuable tools for further investigating the biological functions of TRPM3 channels.
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Di Grazia A, Luca V, Segev-Zarko LAT, Shai Y, Mangoni ML. Temporins A and B stimulate migration of HaCaT keratinocytes and kill intracellular Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:2520-7. [PMID: 24514087 PMCID: PMC3993219 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02801-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing number of microbial pathogens resistant to available antibiotics is a serious threat to human life. Among them is the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, which colonizes keratinocytes, the most abundant cell type in the epidermis. Its intracellular accumulation complicates treatments against resulting infections, mainly due to the limited diffusion of conventional drugs into the cells. Temporins A (Ta) and B (Tb) are short frog skin antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Despite extensive studies regarding their antimicrobial activity, very little is known about their activity on infected cells or involvement in various immunomodulatory functions. Here we show that Tb kills both ATCC-derived and multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of S. aureus within infected HaCaT keratinocytes (80% and 40% bacterial mortality, respectively) at a nontoxic concentration, i.e., 16 μM, whereas a weaker effect is displayed by Ta. Furthermore, the peptides prevent killing of keratinocytes by the invading bacteria. Further studies revealed that both temporins promote wound healing in a monolayer of HaCaT cells, with front speed migrations of 19 μm/h and 12 μm/h for Ta and Tb, respectively. Migration is inhibited by mitomycin C and involves the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway. Finally, confocal fluorescence microscopy indicated that the peptides diffuse into the cells. By combining antibacterial and wound-healing activities, Ta and Tb may act as multifunctional mediators of innate immunity in humans. Particularly, their nonendogenous origin may reduce microbial resistance to them as well as the risk of autoimmune diseases in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Grazia
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli,” Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Luca
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli,” Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Yechiel Shai
- The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maria Luisa Mangoni
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli,” Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
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Thiel G, Rössler OG. Resveratrol stimulates AP-1-regulated gene transcription. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:1402-13. [PMID: 24753227 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Many intracellular functions have been attributed to resveratrol, a polyphenolic phytoalexin found in grapes and in other plants, including the regulation of transcription. Here, we have analyzed the impact of resveratrol on the activity of the transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1). METHODS AND RESULTS Using a chromosomally embedded AP-1-responsive reporter gene, we show that the AP-1 activity was significantly elevated in resveratrol-treated 293 human embryonic kidney and HepG2 hepatoma cells. The 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-responsive element, a binding site for c-Jun and c-Fos, was identified as resveratrol-responsive element. Expression of c-Jun and c-Fos, two proteins that constitute AP-1, is upregulated in resveratrol-stimulated HEK293 cells. On the transcriptional level, c-Jun and the ternary complex factor Elk-1 are essential for the activation of AP-1 in resveratrol-treated cells. In addition, mitogen-activated protein kinases and protein kinase C are required to connect resveratrol stimulation with enhanced AP-1 controlled transcription. Finally, we show that resveratrol increased the activities of the AP-1 responsive cyclin D1 and tumor necrosis factor α promoters. CONCLUSION Resveratrol regulates gene transcription via activation of stimulus-regulated protein kinases and the stimulus-responsive AP-1 transcription factors. The fact that resveratrol regulates AP-1 activity may explain many of the pleiotropic intracellular alterations induced by resveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Thiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
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35
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Cai X, Xu Y, Kim YM, Loureiro J, Huang Q. PIKfyve, a Class III Lipid Kinase, Is Required for TLR-Induced Type I IFN Production via Modulation of ATF3. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:3383-9. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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36
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Pietkiewicz S, Sohn D, Piekorz RP, Grether-Beck S, Budach W, Sabapathy K, Jänicke RU. Oppositional regulation of Noxa by JNK1 and JNK2 during apoptosis induced by proteasomal inhibitors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61438. [PMID: 23593480 PMCID: PMC3623862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors (PIs) potently induce apoptosis in a variety of tumor cells, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Comparing PI-induced apoptosis susceptibilities of various mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) lines differing in their c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) 1 and 2 status, we show that several hallmarks of apoptosis were most rapidly detectable in JNK2-/- cells, whereas they appeared only delayed and severely reduced in their intensities in cells expressing JNK2. Consistent with our finding that PI-induced apoptosis requires de novo protein synthesis, the proteasomal inhibitor MG-132 induced expression of the BH3-only protein Noxa at the transcriptional level in a JNK1-dependent, but JNK2-opposing manner. As the knockdown of Noxa blocked only the rapid PI-induced apoptosis of JNK2-/- cells, but not the delayed death occurring in JNK1-/- and JNK1+/+ cells, our data uncover a novel PI-induced apoptosis pathway that is regulated by the JNK1/2-dependent expression of Noxa. Furthermore, several transcription factors known to modulate Noxa expression including ATF3, ATF4, c-Jun, c-Myc, HIF1α, and p53 were found upregulated following MG-132 exposure. From those, only knockdown of c-Myc rescued JNK2-/- cells from PI-induced apoptosis, however, without affecting expression of Noxa. Together, our data not only show that a rapid execution of PI-induced apoptosis requires JNK1 for upregulation of Noxa via an as yet unknown transcription factor, but also that JNK2 controls this event in an oppositional manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Pietkiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dennis Sohn
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roland P. Piekorz
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Wilfried Budach
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kanaga Sabapathy
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Reiner U. Jänicke
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Tsai SH, Chang EYC, Chang YC, Hee SW, Tsai YC, Chang TJ, Chuang LM. Knockdown of RyR3 enhances adiponectin expression through an atf3-dependent pathway. Endocrinology 2013; 154:1117-29. [PMID: 23389954 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an important adipose-specific protein, which possesses insulin (INS)-sensitizing, antiinflammatory, and antiatherosclerotic functions. However, its regulation remains largely unknown. In this study, we identified that ryanodine receptor (RyR)3 plays an important role in the regulation of adiponectin expression. RyR3 was expressed in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, and its level was decreased upon adipogenesis. Silencing of RyR3 expression in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes resulted in up-regulated adiponectin promoter activity, enhanced adiponectin mRNA expression, and more adiponectin protein secreted into the medium. An inverse relation between RyR3 and adiponectin mRNA levels was also observed in adipose tissues of db/db mice. In addition, knockdown of RyR3 with small interfering RNA (siRNA) in db/db mice and high-fat diet-fed obese mice increased serum adiponectin level, improved INS sensitivity, and lowered fasting glucose levels. These effects were in parallel with decreased mitochondrial Ca(2+), increased mitochondrial mass, and reduced activating transcription factor 3 (atf3) expression. Overexpression of atf3 in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes blocked the effect of RyR3 silencing on adiponectin expression, indicating that an atf3-dependent pathway mediates the effect downstream of RyR3 silencing. Our data suggest that RyR3 may be a new therapeutic target for improving INS sensitivity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Huei Tsai
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100 Taiwan
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38
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Kaufmann A, Keim A, Thiel G. Regulation of immediate-early gene transcription following activation of Gαq-coupled designer receptors. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:681-96. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Abstract
Elevated extracellular Ca(2+) concentrations stimulate the G-protein coupled receptor calcium-sensing receptor. Here we show that this stimulation induces the expression of biologically active early growth response protein 1 (Egr-1), a zinc finger transcription factor. Expression of a dominant-negative mutant of the ternary complex factor Ets-like protein-1 (Elk-1), a key transcriptional regulator of serum response element-driven gene transcription, prevented Egr-1 expression, indicating that Elk-1 or related ternary complex factors connect the intracellular signaling cascade elicited by activation of calcium-sensing receptors with transcription of the Egr-1 gene. These data were corroborated by the fact that stimulation of calcium-sensing receptors increased the transcriptional activation potential of Elk-1. In addition, activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcriptional activity was significantly elevated after the stimulation of calcium-sensing receptors. The expression of a dominant-negative mutant of Elk-1 reduced c-Fos expression and prevented the up-regulation of AP-1 activity as a result of calcium-sensing receptor stimulation, indicating that ternary complex factors control both Egr-1- and AP-1-regulated transcription. In addition, AP-1 activity was reduced after the expression of a dominant-negative mutant of c-Jun in cells expressing an activated calcium-sensing receptor. Stimulus-transcription coupling leading to the up-regulation of Egr-1 and AP-1 controlled transcription in cells expressing calcium-sensing receptors required the protein kinases Raf and ERK, whereas the overexpression of MAPK phosphatase-1 interrupted the signaling cascade connecting calcium-sensing receptor stimulation with transcription of Egr-1 and AP-1 controlled genes. The fact that calcium-sensing receptor stimulation activates the transcription factors Egr-1, Elk-1, and AP-1 indicates that regulation of gene transcription is an integral part of calcium-sensing receptor induced signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Thiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Saarland Medical Center, D-66421 Homburg, Germany.
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40
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Müller I, Lipp P, Thiel G. Ca2+ signaling and gene transcription in glucose-stimulated insulinoma cells. Cell Calcium 2012; 52:137-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Müller I, Rössler OG, Wittig C, Menger MD, Thiel G. Critical role of Egr transcription factors in regulating insulin biosynthesis, blood glucose homeostasis, and islet size. Endocrinology 2012; 153:3040-53. [PMID: 22597533 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Expression of early growth response protein (Egr)-1, a protein of the Egr family of zinc finger transcription factors, is stimulated in glucose-treated pancreatic β-cells and insulinoma cells. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of Egr transcription factors in pancreatic β-cells in vivo. To overcome the problem associated with redundancy of functions between Egr proteins, conditional transgenic mice were generated expressing a dominant-negative mutant of Egr-1 in pancreatic β-cells. The Egr-1 mutant interferes with DNA binding of all Egr proteins and thus impairs the biological functions of the entire Egr family. Expression of the Egr-1 mutant reduced expression of TGFβ and basic fibroblast growth factor, known target genes of Egr-1, whereas the expression of Egr-1, Egr-3, Ets-like gene-1 (Elk-1), and specificity protein-3 was not changed in the presence of the Egr-1 mutant. Expression of the homeobox protein pancreas duodenum homeobox-1, a major regulator of insulin biosynthesis, was reduced in islets expressing the Egr-1 mutant. Accordingly, insulin mRNA and protein levels were reduced by 75 or 25%, respectively, whereas expression of glucagon and somatostatin was not altered after expression of the Egr-1 mutant in β-cells. Glucose tolerance tests revealed that transgenic mice expressing the Egr-1 mutant in pancreatic β-cells displayed impaired glucose tolerance. In addition, increased caspase-3/7 activity was detected as a result of transgene expression, leading to a 20% decrease of the size of the islets. These results show that Egr proteins play an important role in controlling insulin biosynthesis, glucose homeostasis, and islet size of pancreatic β-cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Müller
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Building 44, University of Saarland Medical Center, d-66421 Homburg, Germany
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Keim A, Müller I, Thiel G. Efficient genetic manipulation of 1321N1 astrocytoma cells using lentiviral gene transfer. J Neurosci Methods 2012; 206:138-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2012.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Arsenite-induced apoptosis of human neuroblastoma cells requires p53 but occurs independently of c-Jun. Neuroscience 2012; 206:25-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Thiel G, Rössler OG. Immediate-early transcriptional response to angiotensin II in human adrenocortical cells. Endocrinology 2011; 152:4211-23. [PMID: 21914770 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II binds to the angiotensin II receptors type 1 (AT1 receptors) in adrenocortical cells and triggers an intracellular signaling cascade leading to changes in the gene expression pattern. Here, we show that stimulation with angiotensin II induces the expression of biologically active early growth response (Egr)-1, a zinc finger transcription factor, in human H295R adrenocortical cells. Expression of a dominant-negative mutant of the ternary complex factor Elk-1, a key transcriptional regulator of serum response element-driven gene transcription, prevented Egr-1 expression in angiotensin II-stimulated H295R cells, indicating that Ets-like protein-1 (Elk-1) or related ternary complex factors connect the intracellular signaling cascade elicited by activation of AT1 receptors with transcription of the Egr-1 gene. These data were corroborated by the fact that angiotensin II stimulation increased the transcription activation potential of Elk-1. In addition, activator protein-1 transcriptional activity was significantly elevated in angiotensin II-treated H295R cells. Expression of c-Jun and c-Fos was increased as well as the transcription activation potential of c-Fos. Expression of a dominant-negative mutant of Elk-1 reduced c-Fos expression in angiotensin II-stimulated adrenocortical cells, suggesting that the serum response element within the c-Fos promoter functions as an angiotensin II-response element. Expression of a dominant-negative mutant of c-Jun reduced activator protein-1 activity in angiotensin II-stimulated adrenocortical cells and reduced the up-regulation of c-Jun after angiotensin II stimulation. Thus, c-Jun regulates its own expression in adrenocortical cells. Together, the data show that angiotensin II stimulation activates the transcription factors Egr-1, Elk-1, c-Jun, and c-Fos in adrenocortical cells, leading to stimulus-dependent changes in the gene expression pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Thiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Building 44, University of Saarland Medical Center, D-66421 Homburg, Germany.
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Müller I, Rössler OG, Thiel G. Pregnenolone sulfate activates basic region leucine zipper transcription factors in insulinoma cells: role of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and transient receptor potential melastatin 3 channels. Mol Pharmacol 2011; 80:1179-89. [PMID: 21948387 DOI: 10.1124/mol.111.074781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurosteroid pregnenolone sulfate activates a signaling cascade in insulinoma cells involving activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and enhanced expression of the transcription factor Egr-1. Here, we show that pregnenolone sulfate stimulation leads to a significant elevation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) activity in insulinoma cells. Expression of the basic region leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors c-Jun and c-Fos is up-regulated in insulinoma cells and pancreatic β-cells in primary culture after pregnenolone sulfate stimulation. Up-regulation of a chromatin-embedded c-Jun promoter/luciferase reporter gene transcription in pregnenolone sulfate-stimulated insulinoma cells was impaired when the AP-1 binding sites were mutated, indicating that these motifs function as pregnenolone sulfate response elements. In addition, phosphorylation of cAMP response element (CRE)-binding protein is induced and transcription of a CRE-controlled reporter gene is stimulated after pregnenolone sulfate treatment, indicating that the CRE functions as a pregnenolone sulfate response element as well. Pharmacological and genetic experiments revealed that both L-type Ca(2+) channels and transient receptor potential melastatin 3 (TRPM3) channels are essential for connecting pregnenolone sulfate stimulation with enhanced AP-1 activity and bZIP-mediated transcription in insulinoma cells. In contrast, pregnenolone sulfate stimulation did not enhance AP-1 activity or c-Jun and c-Fos expression in pituitary corticotrophs that express functional L-type Ca(2+) channels but only trace amounts of TRPM3. We conclude that expression of L-type Ca(2+) channels is not sufficient to activate bZIP-mediated gene transcription by pregnenolone sulfate. Rather, additional expression of TRPM3 or depolarization of the cells is required to connect pregnenolone sulfate stimulation with enhanced gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Müller
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Saarland Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
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Mayer SI, Müller I, Mannebach S, Endo T, Thiel G. Signal transduction of pregnenolone sulfate in insulinoma cells: activation of Egr-1 expression involving TRPM3, voltage-gated calcium channels, ERK, and ternary complex factors. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:10084-96. [PMID: 21257751 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.202697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurosteroid pregnenolone sulfate acts on the nervous system by modifying neurotransmission and receptor functions, thus influencing synaptic strength, neuronal survival, and neurogenesis. Here we show that pregnenolone sulfate induces a signaling cascade in insulinoma cells leading to enhanced expression of the zinc finger transcription factor Egr-1 and Egr-1-responsive target genes. Pharmacological and genetic experiments revealed that influx of Ca(2+) ions via transient receptor potential M3 and voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels, elevation of the cytosolic Ca(2+) level, and activation of ERK are essential for connecting pregnenolone sulfate stimulation with enhanced Egr-1 biosynthesis. Expression of a dominant-negative mutant of Elk-1, a key regulator of gene transcription driven by a serum response element, attenuated Egr-1 expression following stimulation, indicating that Elk-1 or related ternary complex factors connect the transcription of the Egr-1 gene with the pregnenolone sulfate-induced intracellular signaling cascade elicited by the initial influx of Ca(2+). The newly synthesized Egr-1 was biologically active and bound under physiological conditions to the regulatory regions of the Pdx-1, Synapsin I, and Chromogranin B genes. Pdx-1 is a major regulator of insulin gene transcription. Accordingly, elevated insulin promoter activity and increased mRNA levels of insulin could be detected in pregnenolone sulfate-stimulated insulinoma cells. Likewise, the biosynthesis of synapsin I, a synaptic vesicle protein that is found at secretory granules in insulinoma cells, was stimulated in pregnenolone sulfate-treated INS-1 cells. Together, these data show that pregnenolone sulfate induces a signaling cascade in insulinoma cells that is very similar to the signaling cascade induced by glucose in β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine I Mayer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Saarland Medical Center, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
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