1
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Vo TS, Hoang T, Vo TTBC, Jeon B, Nguyen VH, Kim K. Recent Trends of Bioanalytical Sensors with Smart Health Monitoring Systems: From Materials to Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2303923. [PMID: 38573175 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Smart biosensors attract significant interest due to real-time monitoring of user health status, where bioanalytical electronic devices designed to detect various activities and biomarkers in the human body have potential applications in physical sign monitoring and health care. Bioelectronics can be well integrated by output signals with wireless communication modules for transferring data to portable devices used as smart biosensors in performing real-time diagnosis and analysis. In this review, the scientific keys of biosensing devices and the current trends in the field of smart biosensors, (functional materials, technological approaches, sensing mechanisms, main roles, potential applications and challenges in health monitoring) will be summarized. Recent advances in the design and manufacturing of bioanalytical sensors with smarter capabilities and enhanced reliability indicate a forthcoming expansion of these smart devices from laboratory to clinical analysis. Therefore, a general description of functional materials and technological approaches used in bioelectronics will be presented after the sections of scientific keys to bioanalytical sensors. A careful introduction to the established systems of smart monitoring and prediction analysis using bioelectronics, regarding the integration of machine-learning-based basic algorithms, will be discussed. Afterward, applications and challenges in development using these smart bioelectronics in biological, clinical, and medical diagnostics will also be analyzed. Finally, the review will conclude with outlooks of smart biosensing devices assisted by machine learning algorithms, wireless communications, or smartphone-based systems on current trends and challenges for future works in wearable health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Sinh Vo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Trung Hoang
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Tran Thi Bich Chau Vo
- Faculty of Industrial Management, College of Engineering, Can Tho University, Can Tho, 900000, Vietnam
| | - Byounghyun Jeon
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Vu Hoang Nguyen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Kyunghoon Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
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2
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Che L, Hu X, Xu H, Liu Y, Lv C, Kang Z, Wu M, Wen R, Wu H, Cui J, Li K, Qi G, Luo Y, Ma X, Sun F, Li M, Liu J. Soap Film Transfer Printing for Ultrathin Electronics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308312. [PMID: 37992249 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and stretchable electronics have attractive applications inaccessible to conventional rigid electronics. However, the mainstream transfer printing techniques have challenges for electronic films in terms of thickness and size and limitations for target substrates in terms of curvature, depth, and interfacial adhesion. Here a facile, damage-free, and contamination-free soap film transfer printing technique is reported that enables the wrinkle-free transfer of ultrathin electronic films, precise alignment in a transparent manner, and conformal and adhesion-independent printing onto various substrates, including those too topographically and adhesively challenging by existing methods. In principle, not only the pattern, resolution, and thickness of transferred films, but also the curvature, depth, and adhesion of target substrates are unlimited, while the size of transferred films can be as high as meter-scale. To demonstrate the capabilities of soap film transfer printing, pre-fabricated ultrathin electronics with multiple patterns, single micron resolution, sub-micron thickness, and centimeter size are conformably integrated onto the ultrathin web, ultra-soft cotton, DVD-R disk with the minimum radius of curvature of 131 nm, interior cavity of Klein bottle and dandelion with ultralow adhesion. The printed ultrathin sensors show superior conformabilities and robust adhesion, leading to engineering opportunities including electrocardiogram (ECG) signal acquisition and temperature measurement in aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixuan Che
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiaoguang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Hechen Xu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, AML, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuanbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization of Chemical Resources, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Cunjing Lv
- Department of Engineering Mechanics and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, AML, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhan Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Mengxi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Rongfu Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization of Chemical Resources, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Huaping Wu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Special Purpose Equipment and Advanced Processing Technology, Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Jiayi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Engineering Mechanics and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, AML, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Guangliang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yangjun Luo
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xuehu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization of Chemical Resources, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Feiyi Sun
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Health Medical Department, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Junshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
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3
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Sheng S, Fang Z, Yang H, Fang H. Simultaneously Suppressing the Coffee Ring Effect of Solutes with Different Sizes. J Phys Chem B 2023. [PMID: 38049382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c04973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Suppressing the coffee ring effect (CRE), which improves the uniformity of deposition, has attracted great attention. Usually, a realistic system contains solutes of various sizes. Large particles preferentially settle onto the substrate under gravity, separated from small particles even when CRE is suppressed, which generates nonuniformity in another way. This hinders small particles from filling the gaps at the deposition-substrate interface, leaving a frail deposition. Here, the CRE of polydispersed solutes is simultaneously suppressed, and a more uniform deposition is achieved by suspending the drop together with adding trace amounts of cations. The gaps tend to be filled, which makes the deposition bind more tightly. Analysis shows that gravity coordinates with the interactions that mediate the attraction between particles and the substrate, resulting in the coinstantaneous adsorption of all particles. This work adds another dimension to the suppression of CRE, improving the uniformity of deposition in complex systems and paving the way for the development of techniques in diverse manufacturing industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Sheng
- School of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhening Fang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Haijun Yang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Haiping Fang
- School of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
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4
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Turgut F, Chong CY, Karaman M, Lau WJ, Gürsoy M, Ismail AF. Plasma surface modification of graphene oxide nanosheets for the synthesis of
GO
/
PES
nanocomposite ultrafiltration membrane for enhanced oily separation. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Furkan Turgut
- Department of Chemical Engineering Konya Technical University Konya Turkey
| | - Chun Yew Chong
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai Malaysia
| | - Mustafa Karaman
- Department of Chemical Engineering Konya Technical University Konya Turkey
| | - Woei Jye Lau
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai Malaysia
| | - Mehmet Gürsoy
- Department of Chemical Engineering Konya Technical University Konya Turkey
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai Malaysia
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5
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Barbituric acid derivative as fluorescent pigment in water-based flexographic ink for security applications. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02455-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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6
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Paramasivam G, Palem VV, Sundaram T, Sundaram V, Kishore SC, Bellucci S. Nanomaterials: Synthesis and Applications in Theranostics. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3228. [PMID: 34947577 PMCID: PMC8705396 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are endowed with unique features and essential properties suitable for employing in the field of nanomedicine. The nanomaterials can be classified as 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D based on their dimensions. The nanomaterials can be malleable and ductile and they can be drawn into wires and sheets. Examples of nanomaterials are quantum dots (0D), nanorods, nanowires (1D), nanosheets (2D), and nanocubes (3D). These nanomaterials can be synthesized using top-down and bottom-up approaches. The achievements of 0D and 1D nanomaterials are used to detect trace heavy metal (e.g., Pb2+) and have higher sensitivity with the order of five as compared to conventional sensors. The achievements of 2D and 3D nanomaterials are used as diagnostic and therapeutic agents with multifunctional ability in imaging systems such as PET, SPECT, etc. These imaging modalities can be used to track the drug in living tissues. This review comprises the state-of-the-art of the different dimensions of the nanomaterials employed in theranostics. The nanomaterials with different dimensions have unique physicochemical properties that can be utilized for therapy and diagnosis. The multifunctional ability of the nanomaterials can have a distinct advantage that is used in the field of theranostics. Different dimensions of the nanomaterials would have more scope in the field of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Paramasivam
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India; (G.P.); (V.V.P.); (V.S.); (S.C.K.)
| | - Vishnu Vardhan Palem
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India; (G.P.); (V.V.P.); (V.S.); (S.C.K.)
| | - Thanigaivel Sundaram
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India; (G.P.); (V.V.P.); (V.S.); (S.C.K.)
| | - Vickram Sundaram
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India; (G.P.); (V.V.P.); (V.S.); (S.C.K.)
| | - Somasundaram Chandra Kishore
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India; (G.P.); (V.V.P.); (V.S.); (S.C.K.)
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7
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Merazzo KJ, Lima AC, Rincón-Iglesias M, Fernandes LC, Pereira N, Lanceros-Mendez S, Martins P. Magnetic materials: a journey from finding north to an exciting printed future. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:2654-2684. [PMID: 34617551 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00641j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The potential implications/applications of printing technologies are being recognized worldwide across different disciplines and industries. Printed magnetoactive smart materials, whose physical properties can be changed by the application of external magnetic fields, are an exclusive class of smart materials that are highly valuable due to their magnetically activated smart and/or multifunctional response. Such smart behavior allows, among others, high speed and low-cost wireless activation, fast response, and high controllability with no relevant limitations in design, shape, or dimensions. Nevertheless, the printing of magnetoactive materials is still in its infancy, and the design apparatus, the material set, and the fabrication procedures are far from their optimum features. Thus, this review presents the main concepts that allow interconnecting printing technologies with magnetoactive materials by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of this joint field, trying to highlight the scientific obstacles that still limit a wider application of these materials nowadays. Additionally, it discusses how these limitations could be overcome, together with an outlook of the remaining challenges in the emerging digitalization, Internet of Things, and Industry 4.0 paradigms. Finally, as magnetoactive materials will play a leading role in energy generation and management, the magnetic-based Green Deal is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Merazzo
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - A C Lima
- Centro/Departamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
- INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - M Rincón-Iglesias
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - L C Fernandes
- Centro/Departamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - N Pereira
- Centro/Departamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
- Algoritmi Center, Minho University, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - S Lanceros-Mendez
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - P Martins
- Centro/Departamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
- IB-S Institute of Science and Innovation for Sustainability, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
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8
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Wang L, Kou R, Shang Z, Weng Z, Zhu C, Zhong Y. Corona-Enabled Electrostatic Printing for Ultra-fast Manufacturing of Binder-Free Multifunctional E-Skins. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:45966-45976. [PMID: 34528781 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As essential components in intelligent systems, printed soft electronics (PSEs) are playing crucial roles in public health, national security, and economics. Innovations in printing technologies are required to promote the broad application of high-performance PSEs at a low cost. However, current printing techniques are still facing long-lasting challenges in addressing the conflict between printing speed and performance. To overcome this challenge, we developed a new corona-enabled electrostatic printing (CEP) technique for ultra-fast (milliseconds) roll-to-roll (R2R) manufacturing of binder-free multifunctional e-skins. The printing capability and controllability of CEP were investigated through parametric studies and microstructure observation. The electric field generation, material transfer, and particle amount and size selecting mechanisms were numerically and experimentally studied. CEP-printed graphene e-skins were demonstrated to possess an outstanding strain sensing performance. The binder-free feature of the CEP-assembled networks enables them to provide pressure sensitivity as low as 2.5 Pa and capability to detect acoustic signals of hundreds of hertz in frequency. Furthermore, the CEP technique was utilized to pattern different types of functional materials (e.g., graphene and thermochromic polymers) onto different substrates (e.g., tape and textile). Overall, this study demonstrated that CEP can be a novel contactless and ultra-fast manufacturing platform compatible with the R2R process for fabricating high-performance, scalable, and low-cost soft electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Rui Kou
- Department of Structural Engineering, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Zhaoru Shang
- Program of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Zijian Weng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Chaoyi Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Ying Zhong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
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9
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Jessl S, Engelke S, Copic D, Baumberg JJ, De Volder M. Anisotropic Carbon Nanotube Structures with High Aspect Ratio Nanopores for Li-Ion Battery Anodes. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2021; 4:6299-6305. [PMID: 34240009 PMCID: PMC8240089 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.1c01157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Technological advances in membrane technology, catalysis, and electrochemical energy storage require the fabrication of controlled pore structures at ever smaller length scales. It is therefore important to develop processes allowing for the fabrication of materials with controlled submicron porous structures. We propose a combination of colloidal lithography and chemical vapor deposition of carbon nanotubes to create continuous straight pores with diameters down to 100 nm in structures with thicknesses of more than 300 μm. These structures offer unique features, including continuous and parallel pores with aspect ratios in excess of 3000, a low pore tortuosity, good electrical conductivity, and electrochemical stability. We demonstrate that these structures can be used in Li-ion batteries by coating the carbon nanotubes with Si as an active anode material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jessl
- Department
of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Engelke
- Department
of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
- Cambridge
Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Davor Copic
- Department
of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy J. Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Michael De Volder
- Department
of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
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10
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Zavanelli N, Kim J, Yeo WH. Recent Advances in High-Throughput Nanomaterial Manufacturing for Hybrid Flexible Bioelectronics. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:2973. [PMID: 34072779 PMCID: PMC8197924 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid flexible bioelectronic systems refer to integrated soft biosensing platforms with tremendous clinical impact. In this new paradigm, electrical systems can stretch and deform with the skin while previously hidden physiological signals can be continuously recorded. However, hybrid flexible bioelectronics will not receive wide clinical adoption until these systems can be manufactured at industrial scales cost-effectively. Therefore, new manufacturing approaches must be discovered and studied under the same innovative spirit that led to the adoption of novel materials and soft structures. Recent works have taken mature manufacturing approaches from the graphics industry, such as gravure, flexography, screen, and inkjet printing, and applied them to fully printed bioelectronics. These applications require the cohesive study of many disparate parts. For instance, nanomaterials with optimal properties for each specific application must be dispersed in printable inks with rheology suited to each printing method. This review summarizes recent advances in printing technologies, key nanomaterials, and applications of the manufactured hybrid bioelectronics. We also discuss the existing challenges of the available nanomanufacturing methods and the areas that need immediate technological improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Zavanelli
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering at the Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; (N.Z.); (J.K.)
| | - Jihoon Kim
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering at the Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; (N.Z.); (J.K.)
| | - Woon-Hong Yeo
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering at the Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; (N.Z.); (J.K.)
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Neural Engineering Center, Institute for Materials, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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12
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Advanced Nanomaterials, Printing Processes, and Applications for Flexible Hybrid Electronics. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13163587. [PMID: 32823736 PMCID: PMC7475884 DOI: 10.3390/ma13163587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanomaterial preparation and printing technologies provide unique opportunities to develop flexible hybrid electronics (FHE) for various healthcare applications. Unlike the costly, multi-step, and error-prone cleanroom-based nano-microfabrication, the printing of nanomaterials offers advantages, including cost-effectiveness, high-throughput, reliability, and scalability. Here, this review summarizes the most up-to-date nanomaterials, methods of nanomaterial printing, and system integrations to fabricate advanced FHE in wearable and implantable applications. Detailed strategies to enhance the resolution, uniformity, flexibility, and durability of nanomaterial printing are summarized. We discuss the sensitivity, functionality, and performance of recently reported printed electronics with application areas in wearable sensors, prosthetics, and health monitoring implantable systems. Collectively, the main contribution of this paper is in the summary of the essential requirements of material properties, mechanisms for printed sensors, and electronics.
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13
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A novel method to regulate the morphology of silver nanostructure by galvanic replacement reaction with boric acid. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-020-01339-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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14
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Mohammadian B, Annavarapu RK, Raiyan A, Nemani SK, Kim S, Wang M, Sojoudi H. Delayed Frost Growth on Nanoporous Microstructured Surfaces Utilizing Jumping and Sweeping Condensates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:6635-6650. [PMID: 32418428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Self-propelled jumping of condensate droplets (dew) enables their easy and efficient removal from surfaces and is essential for enhancing the condensation heat transfer coefficient and for delaying the frost growth rate on supercooled surfaces. Here, we report the droplet-jumping phenomenon using nanoporous vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VA-CNT) microstructures grown on smooth silicon substrates and coated with poly-(1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecylacrylate) (pPFDA). We also report droplet-sweeping phenomenon on horizontally mounted surfaces, concluding that the frost surface coverage area and the frost growth rates observed with the droplet-sweeping phenomenon are much lower than those that are observed with the droplet-jumping phenomenon alone. We also investigate the fundamentals of droplet-jumping and the frost growth phenomena using line-shaped, hollow-cylindrical, and cylindrical microstructures, comparing the frost surface coverage area and the ice-bridging times during condensation-frosting, prolonged condensation-frosting, and direct-frosting. We find that the closely spaced thin line-shaped microstructures and hollow-cylindrical microstructures are optimal for frost coverage reduction because of their ability to exhibit droplet-jumping and droplet-sweeping phenomena. We observe that adding nonuniform roughness on top of the microstructures leads to jumping-associated droplet-sweeping on supercooled surfaces. Here, we report the evaporation of an already frozen droplet because of freezing of a supercooled condensate droplet in its close vicinity, enabling the Cassie-Baxter state frost growth and enhancing defrosting efficiency. Finally, we discuss the dynamic defrosting behavior of the pPFDA-coated VA-CNT microstructures, concluding that the small gaps (spacings) between the microstructures not only enable dewetting transitions of droplets but also promote the Cassie-Baxter state frost formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Mohammadian
- Department of Mechanical Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (MIME), The University of Toledo, 4006 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Rama Kishore Annavarapu
- Department of Mechanical Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (MIME), The University of Toledo, 4006 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Asif Raiyan
- Department of Mechanical Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (MIME), The University of Toledo, 4006 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Srinivasa Kartik Nemani
- Department of Mechanical Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (MIME), The University of Toledo, 4006 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Sanha Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hossein Sojoudi
- Department of Mechanical Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (MIME), The University of Toledo, 4006 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
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15
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Nam TW, Kim M, Wang Y, Kim GY, Choi W, Lim H, Song KM, Choi MJ, Jeon DY, Grossman JC, Jung YS. Thermodynamic-driven polychromatic quantum dot patterning for light-emitting diodes beyond eye-limiting resolution. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3040. [PMID: 32546822 PMCID: PMC7297963 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16865-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The next-generation wearable near-eye displays inevitably require extremely high pixel density due to significant decrease in the viewing distance. For such denser and smaller pixel arrays, the emissive material must exhibit wider colour gamut so that each of the vast pixels maintains the colour accuracy. Electroluminescent quantum dot light-emitting diodes are promising candidates for such application owing to their highly saturated colour gamuts and other excellent optoelectronic properties. However, previously reported quantum dot patterning technologies have limitations in demonstrating full-colour pixel arrays with sub-micron feature size, high fidelity, and high post-patterning device performance. Here, we show thermodynamic-driven immersion transfer-printing, which enables patterning and printing of quantum dot arrays in omni-resolution scale; quantum dot arrays from single-particle resolution to the entire film can be fabricated on diverse surfaces. Red-green-blue quantum dot arrays with unprecedented resolutions up to 368 pixels per degree is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Won Nam
- Department of Materials and Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Moohyun Kim
- Department of Materials and Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yanming Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Geon Yeong Kim
- Department of Materials and Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonseok Choi
- Department of Materials and Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hunhee Lim
- Department of Materials and Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Min Song
- Department of Materials and Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jae Choi
- Department of Materials and Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk Young Jeon
- Department of Materials and Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yeon Sik Jung
- Department of Materials and Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Abstract
Solution-based printing approaches permit digital designs to be converted into physical objects by depositing materials in a layer-by-layer additive fashion from microscale to nanoscale resolution. The extraordinary adaptability of this technology to different inks and substrates has received substantial interest in the recent literature. In such a context, this review specifically focuses on the realization of inks for the deposition of ZnO, a well-known wide bandgap semiconductor inorganic material showing an impressive number of applications in electronic, optoelectronic, and piezoelectric devices. Herein, we present an updated review of the latest advancements on the ink formulations and printing techniques for ZnO-based nanocrystalline inks, as well as of the major applications which have been demonstrated. The most relevant ink-processing conditions so far explored will be correlated with the resulting film morphologies, showing the possibility to tune the ZnO ink composition to achieve facile, versatile, and scalable fabrication of devices of different natures.
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17
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Selective ozone treatment of PDMS printing stamps for selective Ag metallization: A new approach to improving resolution in patterned flexible/stretchable electronics. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 568:273-281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Yang X, Cheng H. Recent Developments of Flexible and Stretchable Electrochemical Biosensors. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E243. [PMID: 32111023 PMCID: PMC7143805 DOI: 10.3390/mi11030243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The skyrocketing popularity of health monitoring has spurred increasing interest in wearable electrochemical biosensors. Compared with the traditionally rigid and bulky electrochemical biosensors, flexible and stretchable devices render a unique capability to conform to the complex, hierarchically textured surfaces of the human body. With a recognition element (e.g., enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acids, ions) to selectively react with the target analyte, wearable electrochemical biosensors can convert the types and concentrations of chemical changes in the body into electrical signals for easy readout. Initial exploration of wearable electrochemical biosensors integrates electrodes on textile and flexible thin-film substrate materials. A stretchable property is needed for the thin-film device to form an intimate contact with the textured skin surface and to deform with various natural skin motions. Thus, stretchable materials and structures have been exploited to ensure the effective function of a wearable electrochemical biosensor. In this mini-review, we summarize the recent development of flexible and stretchable electrochemical biosensors, including their principles, representative application scenarios (e.g., saliva, tear, sweat, and interstitial fluid), and materials and structures. While great strides have been made in the wearable electrochemical biosensors, challenges still exist, which represents a small fraction of opportunities for the future development of this burgeoning field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China;
- Department of Automotive Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China;
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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19
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Kamarudin SF, Mustapha M, Kim JK. Green Strategies to Printed Sensors for Healthcare Applications. POLYM REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2020.1729180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siti Fatimah Kamarudin
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mariatti Mustapha
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Jang-Kyo Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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20
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Corletto A, Shapter JG. Nanoscale Patterning of Carbon Nanotubes: Techniques, Applications, and Future. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 8:2001778. [PMID: 33437571 PMCID: PMC7788638 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) devices and electronics are achieving maturity and directly competing or surpassing devices that use conventional materials. CNTs have demonstrated ballistic conduction, minimal scaling effects, high current capacity, low power requirements, and excellent optical/photonic properties; making them the ideal candidate for a new material to replace conventional materials in next-generation electronic and photonic systems. CNTs also demonstrate high stability and flexibility, allowing them to be used in flexible, printable, and/or biocompatible electronics. However, a major challenge to fully commercialize these devices is the scalable placement of CNTs into desired micro/nanopatterns and architectures to translate the superior properties of CNTs into macroscale devices. Precise and high throughput patterning becomes increasingly difficult at nanoscale resolution, but it is essential to fully realize the benefits of CNTs. The relatively long, high aspect ratio structures of CNTs must be preserved to maintain their functionalities, consequently making them more difficult to pattern than conventional materials like metals and polymers. This review comprehensively explores the recent development of innovative CNT patterning techniques with nanoscale lateral resolution. Each technique is critically analyzed and applications for the nanoscale-resolution approaches are demonstrated. Promising techniques and the challenges ahead for future devices and applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Corletto
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland4072Australia
| | - Joseph G. Shapter
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland4072Australia
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21
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Guo X, Guo Y, Liu W, Chen Y, Chu W. Fabrication of paper-based microfluidic device by recycling foamed plastic and the application for multiplexed measurement of biomarkers. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 223:117341. [PMID: 31319269 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) are emerging as effective analytical platforms for point-of-care assays in resource-limited areas. Simple and cost-effective fabrication method still remains challenging on μPADs. A simple and cost-effective method for fabricating paper-based devices was presented in this work by using of dipping strategy with the recycled polystyrene in chloroform as the hydrophobic reagent. Adhesive tape was employed as mask to transfer the hydrophilic channel pattern to the paper substrate. With the single-sided adhesive tape stuck on the hydrophilic parts of the paper surface, the paper-based device was immersed in chloroform solution with dissolving recycling polystyrene for several seconds. Then the hydrophilic pattern can be achieved and all the other parts on the paper surface were hydrophobic. The adhesive tape was torn off from the hydrophilic parts. The highest contact angle value of 114° of the hydrophobic part was acquired with this simple fabrication method. By using of the sandwich-type immunoreactions and luminol-H2O2p-iodophenol (PIP) chemiluminescence(CL) system, three cancer biomarkers were simultaneously detected in human serum samples on μPADs with the linear range of 0.05-80.0 ng·mL-1 for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), 5.0-80.0 ng·mL-1 for alpha-fetal protein (AFP) and 1.0-50.0 ng·mL-1 for prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The fabricating strategy with recycling polystyrene and adhesive tape provides a versatile platform for prototyping of μPADs in both developed and resource constrained region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China
| | - Yumei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China.
| | - Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China
| | - Weiru Chu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China
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22
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Suh YH, Shin DW, Chun YT. Micro-to-nanometer patterning of solution-based materials for electronics and optoelectronics. RSC Adv 2019; 9:38085-38104. [PMID: 35541771 PMCID: PMC9075859 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07514c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Technologies for micro-to-nanometer patterns of solution-based materials (SBMs) contribute to a wide range of practical applications in the fields of electronics and optoelectronics. Here, state-of-the-art micro-to-nanometer scale patterning technologies of SBMs are disseminated. The utilisation of patterning for a wide-range of SBMs leads to a high level of control over conventional solution-based film fabrication processes that are not easily accessible for the control and fabrication of ordered micro-to-nanometer patterns. In this review, various patterning procedures of SBMs, including modified photolithography, direct-contact patterning, and inkjet printing, are briefly introduced with several strategies for reducing their pattern size to enhance the electronic and optoelectronic properties of SBMs explained. We then conclude with comments on future research directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Han Suh
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge 9 JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0FA UK
| | - Dong-Wook Shin
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge 9 JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0FA UK
| | - Young Tea Chun
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge 9 JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0FA UK
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23
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Kim S, Jiang Y, Thompson Towell KL, Boutilier MSH, Nayakanti N, Cao C, Chen C, Jacob C, Zhao H, Turner KT, Hart AJ. Soft nanocomposite electroadhesives for digital micro- and nanotransfer printing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax4790. [PMID: 31646176 PMCID: PMC6788868 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax4790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Automated handling of microscale objects is essential for manufacturing of next-generation electronic systems. Yet, mechanical pick-and-place technologies cannot manipulate smaller objects whose surface forces dominate over gravity, and emerging microtransfer printing methods require multidirectional motion, heating, and/or chemical bonding to switch adhesion. We introduce soft nanocomposite electroadhesives (SNEs), comprising sparse forests of dielectric-coated carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which have electrostatically switchable dry adhesion. SNEs exhibit 40-fold lower nominal dry adhesion than typical solids, yet their adhesion is increased >100-fold by applying 30 V to the CNTs. We characterize the scaling of adhesion with surface morphology, dielectric thickness, and applied voltage and demonstrate digital transfer printing of films of Ag nanowires, polymer and metal microparticles, and unpackaged light-emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanha Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yijie Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kiera L. Thompson Towell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael S. H. Boutilier
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nigamaa Nayakanti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Changhong Cao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chunxu Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christine Jacob
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hangbo Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kevin T. Turner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A. John Hart
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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24
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Mariappan DD, Kim S, Boutilier MSH, Zhao J, Zhao H, Beroz J, Muecke U, Sojoudi H, Gleason K, Brun PT, Hart AJ. Dynamics of Liquid Transfer from Nanoporous Stamps in High-Resolution Flexographic Printing. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:7659-7671. [PMID: 31013102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Printing of ultrathin layers of polymeric and colloidal inks is critical for the manufacturing of electronics on nonconventional substrates such as paper and polymer films. Recently, we found that nanoporous stamps overcome key limitations of traditional polymer stamps in flexographic printing, namely, enabling the printing of ultrathin nanoparticle films with micron-scale lateral precision. Here, we study the dynamics of liquid transfer between nanoporous stamps and solid substrates. The stamps comprise forests of polymer-coated carbon nanotubes, and the surface mechanics and wettability of the stamps are engineered to imbibe colloidal inks and transfer the ink upon contact with the target substrate. By high-speed imaging during printing, we observe the dynamics of liquid spreading, which is mediated by progressing contact between the nanostructured stamp surface and by the substrate and imbibition within the stamp-substrate gap. From the final contact area, the volume of ink transfer is mediated by rupture of a capillary bridge; and, after rupture, liquid spreads to fill the area defined by a precursor film matching the stamp geometry with high precision. Via modeling of the liquid dynamics, and comparison with data, we elucidate the scale- and rate-limiting aspects of the process. Specifically, we find that the printed ink volume and resulting layer thickness are independent of contact pressure; and that printed layer thickness decreases with retraction speed. Under these conditions, nanoparticle films with controlled thickness in the <100 nm regime can be printed using nanoporous stamp flexography, at speeds commensurate with industrial printing equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pierre-Thomas Brun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
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25
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Zhao H, Park SJ, Solomon BR, Kim S, Soto D, Paxson AT, Varanasi KK, Hart AJ. Synthetic Butterfly Scale Surfaces with Compliance-Tailored Anisotropic Drop Adhesion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1807686. [PMID: 30761627 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Many natural surfaces such as butterfly wings, beetles' backs, and rice leaves exhibit anisotropic liquid adhesion; this is of fundamental interest and is important to applications including self-cleaning surfaces, microfluidics, and phase change energy conversion. Researchers have sought to mimic the anisotropic adhesion of butterfly wings using rigid surface textures, though natural butterfly scales are sufficiently compliant to be deflected by capillary forces exerted by drops. Here, inspired by the flexible scales of the Morpho aega butterfly wing, synthetic surfaces coated with flexible carbon nanotube (CNT) microscales with anisotropic drop adhesion properties are fabricated. The curved CNT scales are fabricated by a strain-engineered chemical vapor deposition technique, giving ≈5000 scales of ≈10 µm thickness in a 1 cm2 area. Using various designed CNT scale arrays, it is demonstrated that the anisotropy of drop roll-off angle is influenced by the geometry, compliance, and hydrophobicity of the scales; and a maximum roll-off anisotropy of 6.2° is achieved. These findings are supported by a model that relates the adhesion anisotropy to the scale geometry, compliance, and wettability. The electrical conductivity and mechanical robustness of the CNTs, and the ability to fabricate complex multidirectional patterns, suggest further opportunities to create engineered synthetic scale surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangbo Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sei Jin Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Brian R Solomon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sanha Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Dan Soto
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Adam T Paxson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kripa K Varanasi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - A John Hart
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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26
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Sojoudi H, Nemani SK, Mullin KM, Wilson MG, Aladwani H, Lababidi H, Gleason KK. Micro-/Nanoscale Approach for Studying Scale Formation and Developing Scale-Resistant Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:7330-7337. [PMID: 30689336 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Blockage of pipelines due to accretion of salt particles is detrimental in desalination and water-harvesting industries as they compromise productivity, while increasing maintenance costs. We present a micro-/nanoscale approach to study fundamentals of scale formation, deposition, and adhesion to engineered surfaces with a wide range of surface energies fabricated using the initiated chemical vapor deposition method. Silicon wafers and steel substrates are coated with poly(1 H,1 H,2 H,2 H-perfluorodecylacrylate) or pPFDA, poly(tetravinyl-tetramethylcyclotetrasilohexane) or pV4D4, poly(divinylbenzene) or pDVB, poly(1,3,5,7-tetravinyl-1,3,5,7-tetramethylcyclotetrasilohexane) or pV3D3, and cross-linked copolymers of poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate or p(PHEMA- co-EGDA). Particles of salt (CaSO4·2H2O) are formed and shaped with a focused ion beam and adhered to a tipless cantilever beam using a micromanipulator setup to study their adhesion strength with a molecular force probe (MFP). Adhesion forces were measured on the substrates in wet and dry conditions to evaluate the effects of interfacial fluid layers and capillary bridges on net adhesion strength. The adhesion between salt particles and the pPFDA coatings decreased by 5.1 ± 1.15 nN in wet states, indicating the influence of capillary bridging between the particle and the liquid layer. In addition, scale nucleation and growth on various surfaces is examined using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), where supersaturated solution of CaSO4·2H2O is passed over bare and polymer-coated quartz substrates while mass gain is measured in real time. The salt accretion decreased by 2 folds on pPFDA-coated substrates when compared to that on p(HEMA- co-EGDA) coatings. Both MFP and QCM studies are essential in studying the impact of surface energy and roughness on the extent of scale formation and adhesion strength. This study can pave way for the design of scale-resistant surfaces with potential applications in water treatment, energy harvesting, and purification industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Sojoudi
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering , University of Toledo , 2801 W. Bancroft Street , Toledo , Ohio 43606 , United States
| | - Srinivasa Kartik Nemani
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering , University of Toledo , 2801 W. Bancroft Street , Toledo , Ohio 43606 , United States
| | - Kaitlyn M Mullin
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Matthew G Wilson
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Hamad Aladwani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering & Petroleum , Kuwait University , P.O. Box 5969, 13060 Safat , Kuwait
| | - Haitham Lababidi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering & Petroleum , Kuwait University , P.O. Box 5969, 13060 Safat , Kuwait
| | - Karen K Gleason
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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27
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Annavarapu RK, Kim S, Wang M, Hart AJ, Sojoudi H. Explaining Evaporation-Triggered Wetting Transition Using Local Force Balance Model and Contact Line-Fraction. Sci Rep 2019; 9:405. [PMID: 30674992 PMCID: PMC6344486 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding wettability and mechanisms of wetting transition are important for design and engineering of superhydrophobic surfaces. There have been numerous studies on the design and fabrication of superhydrophobic and omniphobic surfaces and on the wetting transition mechanisms triggered by liquid evaporation. However, there is a lack of a universal method to examine wetting transition on rough surfaces. Here, we introduce force zones across the droplet base and use a local force balance model to explain wetting transition on engineered nanoporous microstructures, utilizing a critical force per unit length (FPL) value. For the first time, we provide a universal scale using the concept of the critical FPL value which enables comparison of various superhydrophobic surfaces in terms of preventing wetting transition during liquid evaporation. In addition, we establish the concept of contact line-fraction theoretically and experimentally by relating it to area-fraction, which clarifies various arguments about the validity of the Cassie-Baxter equation. We use the contact line-fraction model to explain the droplet contact angles, liquid evaporation modes, and depinning mechanism during liquid evaporation. Finally, we develop a model relating a droplet curvature to conventional beam deflection, providing a framework for engineering pressure stable superhydrophobic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Kishore Annavarapu
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering (MIME), The University of Toledo, 4006 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH, 43606, United States
| | - Sanha Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
| | - A John Hart
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
| | - Hossein Sojoudi
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering (MIME), The University of Toledo, 4006 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH, 43606, United States.
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28
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Rao R, Pint CL, Islam AE, Weatherup RS, Hofmann S, Meshot ER, Wu F, Zhou C, Dee N, Amama PB, Carpena-Nuñez J, Shi W, Plata DL, Penev ES, Yakobson BI, Balbuena PB, Bichara C, Futaba DN, Noda S, Shin H, Kim KS, Simard B, Mirri F, Pasquali M, Fornasiero F, Kauppinen EI, Arnold M, Cola BA, Nikolaev P, Arepalli S, Cheng HM, Zakharov DN, Stach EA, Zhang J, Wei F, Terrones M, Geohegan DB, Maruyama B, Maruyama S, Li Y, Adams WW, Hart AJ. Carbon Nanotubes and Related Nanomaterials: Critical Advances and Challenges for Synthesis toward Mainstream Commercial Applications. ACS NANO 2018; 12:11756-11784. [PMID: 30516055 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the synthesis and scalable manufacturing of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) remain critical to realizing many important commercial applications. Here we review recent breakthroughs in the synthesis of SWCNTs and highlight key ongoing research areas and challenges. A few key applications that capitalize on the properties of SWCNTs are also reviewed with respect to the recent synthesis breakthroughs and ways in which synthesis science can enable advances in these applications. While the primary focus of this review is on the science framework of SWCNT growth, we draw connections to mechanisms underlying the synthesis of other 1D and 2D materials such as boron nitride nanotubes and graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Rao
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
- UES Inc. , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Cary L Pint
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37235 United States
| | - Ahmad E Islam
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
- UES Inc. , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Robert S Weatherup
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
- University of Manchester at Harwell, Diamond Light Source, Didcot , Oxfordshire OX11 0DE , U.K
| | - Stephan Hofmann
- Department of Engineering , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0FA , U.K
| | - Eric R Meshot
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore , California 94550 United States
| | - Fanqi Wu
- Ming-Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Chongwu Zhou
- Ming-Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Nicholas Dee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Placidus B Amama
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering , Kansas State University , Manhattan , Kansas 66506 , United States
| | - Jennifer Carpena-Nuñez
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
- UES Inc. , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Wenbo Shi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Desiree L Plata
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Evgeni S Penev
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Boris I Yakobson
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Perla B Balbuena
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Christophe Bichara
- Aix-Marseille University and CNRS , CINaM UMR 7325 , 13288 Marseille , France
| | - Don N Futaba
- Nanotube Research Center , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba 305-8565 , Japan
| | - Suguru Noda
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering , Waseda University , 3-4-1 Okubo , Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555 , Japan
| | - Homin Shin
- Security and Disruptive Technologies Research Centre, Emerging Technologies Division , National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Ontario K1A 0R6 , Canada
| | - Keun Su Kim
- Security and Disruptive Technologies Research Centre, Emerging Technologies Division , National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Ontario K1A 0R6 , Canada
| | - Benoit Simard
- Security and Disruptive Technologies Research Centre, Emerging Technologies Division , National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Ontario K1A 0R6 , Canada
| | - Francesca Mirri
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Matteo Pasquali
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Francesco Fornasiero
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore , California 94550 United States
| | - Esko I Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics , Aalto University School of Science , P.O. Box 15100 , FI-00076 Espoo , Finland
| | - Michael Arnold
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Baratunde A Cola
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Pavel Nikolaev
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
- UES Inc. , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Sivaram Arepalli
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute , Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055 , China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science , Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Dmitri N Zakharov
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
| | - Eric A Stach
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Fei Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Mauricio Terrones
- Department of Physics and Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - David B Geohegan
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
| | - Benji Maruyama
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Yan Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - W Wade Adams
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - A John Hart
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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Huang Q, Zhu Y. Gravure Printing of Water-based Silver Nanowire ink on Plastic Substrate for Flexible Electronics. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15167. [PMID: 30310117 PMCID: PMC6181915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33494-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gravure printing is a promising technique for large-scale printed electronics. However, gravure printing of silver nanowires (AgNWs) so far has been limited in terms of resolution and electrical conductivity. In this study, gravure printing of water-based AgNW ink on a flexible substrate is demonstrated. By tailoring the ink properties, printing conditions and post-printing treatment, gravure printing enables printing of high-resolution, highly conductive AgNW patterns in large areas, with resolution as fine as 50 µm and conductivity as high as 5.34 × 104 S cm−1. The printed AgNW patterns on the flexible substrate show excellent flexibility under repeated bending. All these characteristics demonstrate the excellent potential of gravure printing of AgNWs for developing large-area flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijin Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-7910, USA
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-7910, USA.
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30
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Bepete G, Izard N, Torres-Canas F, Derré A, Sbardelotto A, Anglaret E, Pénicaud A, Drummond C. Hydroxide Ions Stabilize Open Carbon Nanotubes in Degassed Water. ACS NANO 2018; 12:8606-8615. [PMID: 30088916 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b04341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The main hurdle preventing the widespread use of single-walled carbon nanotubes remains the lack of methods with which to produce formulations of pristine, unshortened, unfunctionalized, individualized single-walled carbon nanotubes, thus preserving their extraordinary properties. In particular, sonication leads to shortening, which is detrimental to percolation properties (electrical, thermal, mechanical, etc.). Using reductive dissolution and transfer into degassed water, open-ended, water-filled nanotubes can be dispersed as individualized nanotubes in water-dimethyl sulfoxide mixtures, avoiding the use of sonication and surfactant. Closed nanotubes, however, aggregate immediately upon contact with water. Photoluminescence and absorption spectroscopy both point out a very high degree of individualization while retaining lengths of several microns. The resulting transparent conducting films are 1 order of magnitude more conductive than surfactant-based blanks at equal transmittance.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Bepete
- CNRS , Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP) , UMR 5031 , F-33600 Pessac , France
- Université Bordeaux, CRPP , UMR 5031 , F-33600 Pessac , France
| | - Nicolas Izard
- Université Montpellier , Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C) , UMR CNRS 5521 , F-34000 Montpellier , France
| | - Fernando Torres-Canas
- CNRS , Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP) , UMR 5031 , F-33600 Pessac , France
- Université Bordeaux, CRPP , UMR 5031 , F-33600 Pessac , France
| | - Alain Derré
- CNRS , Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP) , UMR 5031 , F-33600 Pessac , France
- Université Bordeaux, CRPP , UMR 5031 , F-33600 Pessac , France
| | - Arthur Sbardelotto
- CNRS , Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP) , UMR 5031 , F-33600 Pessac , France
- Université Bordeaux, CRPP , UMR 5031 , F-33600 Pessac , France
| | - Eric Anglaret
- Université Montpellier , Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C) , UMR CNRS 5521 , F-34000 Montpellier , France
| | - Alain Pénicaud
- CNRS , Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP) , UMR 5031 , F-33600 Pessac , France
- Université Bordeaux, CRPP , UMR 5031 , F-33600 Pessac , France
| | - Carlos Drummond
- CNRS , Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP) , UMR 5031 , F-33600 Pessac , France
- Université Bordeaux, CRPP , UMR 5031 , F-33600 Pessac , France
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31
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Garlapati SK, Divya M, Breitung B, Kruk R, Hahn H, Dasgupta S. Printed Electronics Based on Inorganic Semiconductors: From Processes and Materials to Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1707600. [PMID: 29952112 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201707600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Following the ever-expanding technological demands, printed electronics has shown palpable potential to create new and commercially viable technologies that will benefit from its unique characteristics, such as, large-area and wide range of substrate compatibility, conformability and low-cost. Through the last few decades, printed/solution-processed field-effect transistors (FETs) and circuits have witnessed immense research efforts, technological growth and increased commercial interests. Although printing of functional inks comprising organic semiconductors has already been initiated in early 1990s, gradually the attention, at least partially, has been shifted to various forms of inorganic semiconductors, starting from metal chalcogenides, oxides, carbon nanotubes and very recently to graphene and other 2D semiconductors. In this review, the entire domain of printable inorganic semiconductors is considered. In fact, thanks to the continuous development of materials/functional inks and novel design/printing strategies, the inorganic printed semiconductor-based circuits today have reached an operation frequency up to several hundreds of kilohertz with only a few nanosecond time delays at the individual FET/inverter levels; in this regard, often circuits based on hybrid material systems have been found to be advantageous. At the end, a comparison of relative successes of various printable inorganic semiconductor materials, the remaining challenges and the available future opportunities are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar Garlapati
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Mitta Divya
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Ben Breitung
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Robert Kruk
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Horst Hahn
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- KIT-TUD Joint Research Laboratory Nanomaterials, Technische Universität Darmstadt (TUD), Institute of Materials Science, Jovanka-Bontschits-Str. 2, ,64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Subho Dasgupta
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
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32
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Liu A, Zhu H, Sun H, Xu Y, Noh YY. Solution Processed Metal Oxide High-κ Dielectrics for Emerging Transistors and Circuits. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1706364. [PMID: 29904984 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The electronic functionalities of metal oxides comprise conductors, semiconductors, and insulators. Metal oxides have attracted great interest for construction of large-area electronics, particularly thin-film transistors (TFTs), for their high optical transparency, excellent chemical and thermal stability, and mechanical tolerance. High-permittivity (κ) oxide dielectrics are a key component for achieving low-voltage and high-performance TFTs. With the expanding integration of complementary metal oxide semiconductor transistors, the replacement of SiO2 with high-κ oxide dielectrics has become urgently required, because their provided thicker layers suppress quantum mechanical tunneling. Toward low-cost devices, tremendous efforts have been devoted to vacuum-free, solution processable fabrication, such as spin coating, spray pyrolysis, and printing techniques. This review focuses on recent progress in solution processed high-κ oxide dielectrics and their applications to emerging TFTs. First, the history, basics, theories, and leakage current mechanisms of high-κ oxide dielectrics are presented, and the underlying mechanism for mobility enhancement over conventional SiO2 is outlined. Recent achievements of solution-processed high-κ oxide materials and their applications in TFTs are summarized and traditional coating methods and emerging printing techniques are introduced. Finally, low temperature approaches, e.g., ecofriendly water-induced, self-combustion reaction, and energy-assisted post treatments, for the realization of flexible electronics and circuits are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Liu
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Huihui Zhu
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Huabin Sun
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Young Noh
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
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33
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Naik AR, Kim JJ, Usluer Ö, Gonzalez Arellano DL, Secor EB, Facchetti A, Hersam MC, Briseno AL, Watkins JJ. Direct Printing of Graphene Electrodes for High-Performance Organic Inverters. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:15988-15995. [PMID: 29667396 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Scalable fabrication of high-resolution electrodes and interconnects is necessary to enable advanced, high-performance, printed, and flexible electronics. Here, we demonstrate the direct printing of graphene patterns with feature widths from 300 μm to ∼310 nm by liquid-bridge-mediated nanotransfer molding. This solution-based technique enables residue-free printing of graphene patterns on a variety of substrates with surface energies between ∼43 and 73 mN m-1. Using printed graphene source and drain electrodes, high-performance organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are fabricated with single-crystal rubrene (p-type) and fluorocarbon-substituted dicyanoperylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) (PDIF-CN2) (n-type) semiconductors. Measured mobilities range from 2.1 to 0.2 cm2 V-1 s-1 for rubrene and from 0.6 to 0.1 cm2 V-1 s-1 for PDIF-CN2. Complementary inverter circuits are fabricated from these single-crystal OFETs with gains as high as ∼50. Finally, these high-resolution graphene patterns are compatible with scalable processing, offering compelling opportunities for inexpensive printed electronics with increased performance and integration density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi R Naik
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Jae Joon Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Özlem Usluer
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - D Leonardo Gonzalez Arellano
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | | | | | | | - Alejandro L Briseno
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - James J Watkins
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
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Sojoudi H, Kim S, Zhao H, Annavarapu RK, Mariappan D, Hart AJ, McKinley GH, Gleason KK. Stable Wettability Control of Nanoporous Microstructures by iCVD Coating of Carbon Nanotubes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:43287-43299. [PMID: 29131948 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Scalable manufacturing of structured materials with engineered nanoporosity is critical for applications in energy storage devices (i.e., batteries and supercapacitors) and in the wettability control of surfaces (i.e., superhydrophobic and superomniphobic surfaces). Patterns formed in arrays of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VA-CNTs) have been extensively studied for these applications. However, the as-deposited features are often undesirably altered upon liquid infiltration and evaporation because of capillarity-driven aggregation of low density CNT forests. Here, it is shown that an ultrathin, conformal, and low-surface-energy layer of poly perfluorodecyl acrylate, poly(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate) (pPFDA), makes the VA-CNTs robust against surface-tension-driven aggregation and densification. This single vapor-deposition step allows the fidelity of the as-deposited VA-CNT patterns to be retained during wet processing, such as inking, and subsequent drying. It is demonstrated how to establish omniphobicity or liquid infiltration by controlling the surface morphology. Retaining a crust of entangled CNTs and pPFDA aggregates on top of the patterned VA-CNTs produces micropillars with re-entrant features that prevent the infiltration of low-surface-tension liquids and thus gives rise to stable omniphobicity. Plasma treatments before and after polymer deposition remove the crust of entangled CNTs and pPFDA aggregates and attach hydroxyl groups to the CNT tips, enabling liquid infiltration yet preventing densification of the highly porous CNTs. The latter observation demonstrates the protective character of the pPFDA coating with the potential application of these surfaces for direct contact printing of microelectronic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Sojoudi
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (MIME), The University of Toledo , 4006 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Sanha Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hangbo Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rama Kishore Annavarapu
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (MIME), The University of Toledo , 4006 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Dhanushkodi Mariappan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - A John Hart
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gareth H McKinley
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Karen K Gleason
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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35
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Wang M, Wang X, Moni P, Liu A, Kim DH, Jo WJ, Sojoudi H, Gleason KK. CVD Polymers for Devices and Device Fabrication. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1604606. [PMID: 28032923 PMCID: PMC7161753 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) polymerization directly synthesizes organic thin films on a substrate from vapor phase reactants. Dielectric, semiconducting, electrically conducting, and ionically conducting CVD polymers have all been readily integrated into devices. The absence of solvent in the CVD process enables the growth of high-purity layers and avoids the potential of dewetting phenomena, which lead to pinhole defects. By limiting contaminants and defects, ultrathin (<10 nm) CVD polymeric device layers have been fabricated in multiple laboratories. The CVD method is particularly suitable for synthesizing insoluble conductive polymers, layers with high densities of organic functional groups, and robust crosslinked networks. Additionally, CVD polymers are prized for the ability to conformally cover rough surfaces, like those of paper and textile substrates, as well as the complex geometries of micro- and nanostructured devices. By employing low processing temperatures, CVD polymerization avoids damaging substrates and underlying device layers. This report discusses the mechanisms of the major CVD polymerization techniques and the recent progress of their applications in devices and device fabrication, with emphasis on initiated CVD (iCVD) and oxidative CVD (oCVD) polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Wang
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Priya Moni
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Andong Liu
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Do Han Kim
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Won Jun Jo
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Hossein Sojoudi
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA02139USA
- Department of MechanicalIndustrial & Manufacturing EngineeringThe University of ToledoToledoOhio43606USA
| | - Karen K. Gleason
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA02139USA
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36
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Moni P, Al-Obeidi A, Gleason KK. Vapor deposition routes to conformal polymer thin films. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:723-735. [PMID: 28487816 PMCID: PMC5389201 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Vapor phase syntheses, including parylene chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and initiated CVD, enable the deposition of conformal polymer thin films to benefit a diverse array of applications. This short review for nanotechnologists, including those new to vapor deposition methods, covers the basic theory in designing a conformal polymer film vapor deposition, sample preparation and imaging techniques to assess film conformality, and several applications that have benefited from vapor deposited, conformal polymer thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Moni
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ahmed Al-Obeidi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Karen K Gleason
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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