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Bromham L, Yaxley KJ, Cardillo M. Islands are engines of language diversity. Nat Ecol Evol 2024:10.1038/s41559-024-02488-4. [PMID: 39237760 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02488-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Islands have played a prominent role in evolutionary and ecological theory, centring the theoretical framework for understanding biodiversity in terms of isolation and area and providing 'laboratories' of evolutionary change and adaptive radiation. However, a similar role for islands in understanding global language diversity has not been established, even though one-sixth of the world's languages are spoken on islands which account for <1% of the inhabited land area. The striking diversity of island languages remains largely unexplained. We construct a global database which reveals that 10% of the world's languages are endemic to islands (landmasses <11,000 km2) and we test several key theories of language evolution and diversity. We show that language diversity on islands increases with area but does not show a steady decrease with isolation, nor are island languages at elevated risk of loss. However, number of endemic languages per island increases with both area and isolation. We demonstrate that islands shape language evolution, with fewer phonemes (distinct sounds) in island endemic languages with increasing isolation. Our results suggest that islands generate language diversity by accelerating both language change and diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindell Bromham
- Macroevolution and Macroecology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
| | - Keaghan J Yaxley
- Macroevolution and Macroecology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Marcel Cardillo
- Macroevolution and Macroecology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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2
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Guo K, Pyšek P, Chytrý M, Divíšek J, Sychrová M, Lososová Z, van Kleunen M, Pierce S, Guo WY. Stage dependence of Elton's biotic resistance hypothesis of biological invasions. NATURE PLANTS 2024:10.1038/s41477-024-01790-0. [PMID: 39227727 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01790-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Elton's biotic resistance hypothesis posits that species-rich communities are more resistant to invasion. However, it remains unknown how species, phylogenetic and functional richness, along with environmental and human-impact factors, collectively affect plant invasion as alien species progress along the introduction-naturalization-invasion continuum. Using data from 12,056 local plant communities of the Czech Republic, this study reveals varying effects of these factors on the presence and richness of alien species at different invasion stages, highlighting the complexity of the invasion process. Specifically, we demonstrate that although species richness and functional richness of resident communities had mostly negative effects on alien species presence and richness, the strength and sometimes also direction of these effects varied along the continuum. Our study not only underscores that evidence for or against Elton's biotic resistance hypothesis may be stage-dependent but also suggests that other invasion hypotheses should be carefully revisited given their potential stage-dependent nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Guo
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration & Research Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Chytrý
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Divíšek
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Sychrová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Lososová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Simon Pierce
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DiSAA), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Wen-Yong Guo
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration & Research Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Island Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Zhoushan, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Munné-Bosch S, Santos JAS. The dramatic effects of well-intentioned but ill-designed management strategies in plant biological invasions. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:1148-1152. [PMID: 39060424 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Research in Biodiversity, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jessyca Adelle Silva Santos
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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4
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Coghlan S, Cardilini A. The use and abuse of moral theories in conservation debate about killing animals. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024; 38:e14280. [PMID: 38682656 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Recent ethical debate about compassionate conservation has invoked moral theories to oppose or support traditional practices of killing animals to protect biodiversity and ecosystems. The debate has featured the mainstream moral theories of consequentialism and utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics. We identify problematic applications and critique of these moral theories in conservation discussions. Problems include a lack of clarity when invoking moral theories, misunderstanding and mischaracterizing theories, and overlooking features and circumstances affecting a theory's application. A key omission in the debate is a detailed discussion of the moral significance of animals and nature. We then examine the role of moral theory as such in ethical discussion, contrasting moral theory with ethical outlooks that center, for example, forms of love and care. Our aim is to advance the ethical debate about harming animals in conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Coghlan
- School of Computing and Information Systems, Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Ethics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam Cardilini
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
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5
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Xiong Y, Rozzi R, Zhang Y, Fan L, Zhao J, Li D, Yao Y, Xiao H, Liu J, Zeng X, Xu H, Jiang Y, Lei F. Convergent evolution toward a slow pace of life predisposes insular endotherms to anthropogenic extinctions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadm8240. [PMID: 38996028 PMCID: PMC11244536 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm8240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Island vertebrates have evolved a number of morphological, physiological, and life history characteristics that set them apart from their mainland relatives. However, to date, the evolution of metabolism and its impact on the vulnerability to extinction of insular vertebrates remains poorly understood. This study used metabolic data from 2813 species of tetrapod vertebrates, including 695 ectothermic and 2118 endothermic species, to reveal that island mammals and birds evolved convergent metabolic strategies toward a slow pace of life. Insularity was associated with shifts toward slower metabolic rates and greater generation lengths in endotherms, while insularity just drove the evolution of longer generation lengths in ectotherms. Notably, a slow pace of life has exacerbated the extinction of insular endemic species in the face of anthropogenic threats. These findings have important implications for understanding physiological adaptations associated with the island syndrome and formulating conservation strategies across taxonomic groups with different metabolic modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiong
- Department of Zoology, College of Life science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625000, China
| | - Roberto Rozzi
- Zentralmagazin Naturwissenschaftlicher Sammlungen, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yizhou Zhang
- Department of Zoology, College of Life science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625000, China
| | - Liqing Fan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology in Tibet Plateau, Tibet Agricultural & Animal Husbandry University, Ministry of Education, Nyingchi 860000, China
| | - Jidong Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Security, Shaanxi Institude of Zoology, Xi’an 710000, China
| | - Dongming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Yongfang Yao
- Department of Zoology, College of Life science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625000, China
| | - Hongtao Xiao
- Department of Zoology, College of Life science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625000, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Xianyin Zeng
- Department of Zoology, College of Life science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625000, China
| | - Huailiang Xu
- Department of Zoology, College of Life science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625000, China
| | - Yanzhi Jiang
- Department of Zoology, College of Life science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625000, China
| | - Fumin Lei
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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6
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Gargano M, Colosimo G, Garizio L, Gratton P, Lewbart GA, Gerber GP, Loreti P, Catini A, Bracciale L, De Luca M, Mastrangeli F, Sevilla C, Gentile G. Locating Nesting Sites for Critically Endangered Galápagos Pink Land Iguanas ( Conolophus marthae). Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1835. [PMID: 38929453 PMCID: PMC11200735 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Invasive alien species control is recognized worldwide as a priority action to preserve global biodiversity. However, a lack of general life history knowledge for threatened species can impede the effectiveness of conservation actions. Galápagos pink land iguanas (Conolophus marthae) are endemic to Wolf Volcano, Galápagos, Ecuador. These iguanas are threatened by invasive alien species, particularly feral cats, that may affect their small population size. To guarantee the long-term survival of C. marthae, the Galápagos National Park Directorate is considering, along with an ongoing campaign of feral cat control, the implementation of a head-start program. However, the success of this management strategy necessarily relies on the identification of pink iguana nesting grounds, which were still unknown at the onset of this study. We modeled the movement patterns of male and female iguanas during the reproductive season, using location data collected from custom-made remote tracking devices installed on adult pink iguanas in April 2021. We first calculated for each individual the vector of distances from its starting location, which was defined as net displacement. We then used net displacement as the response variable in a generalized additive mixed model with day of the year as the predictor. Based on the hypothesis that males and females may behaviorally differ after mating, we looked for female-specific migratory behavior suggesting females were moving toward nesting areas. The results obtained confirmed our hypothesis, as females exhibited a distinct migratory behavior, reaching a small plateau area inside of Wolf Volcano's caldera and ca. 400 m below the volcano's northern rim. Moreover, once inside the caldera, females displayed a more aggregated distribution pattern. The movement data obtained allowed Galápagos National Park rangers to locate individual pink iguana nests and subsequently to sight and collect the first observed hatchlings of the species. This work constitutes a necessary baseline to perform dedicated studies of pink iguana nests and emerging hatchling iguanas, which is an essential step toward the development of an effective head-start program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gargano
- PhD Program in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (L.G.)
| | - Giuliano Colosimo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Garizio
- PhD Program in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (L.G.)
| | - Paolo Gratton
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gregory A. Lewbart
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA;
- UNC-Chapel Hill Galapagos Science Center (GSC), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Av. Alsacio Northia, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - Glenn P. Gerber
- San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, Escondido, CA 92027, USA;
| | - Pierpaolo Loreti
- Department of Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (P.L.); (A.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Alexandro Catini
- Department of Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (P.L.); (A.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Lorenzo Bracciale
- Department of Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (P.L.); (A.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Massimiliano De Luca
- Italian National Council of Research, Institute of Marine Engineering, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesca Mastrangeli
- Italian National Council of Research, Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Christian Sevilla
- Galápagos National Park Directorate, Av. Charles Darwin—200102 Puerto Ayora, Is. Santa Cruz, Galápagos 200102, Ecuador;
| | - Gabriele Gentile
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
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7
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Dunn RE, Benkwitt CE, Maury O, Barrier N, Carr P, Graham NAJ. Island restoration to rebuild seabird populations and amplify coral reef functioning. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024:e14313. [PMID: 38887868 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Mobile organisms like seabirds can provide important nutrient flows between ecosystems, but this connectivity has been interrupted by the degradation of island ecosystems. Island restoration (via invasive species eradications and the restoration of native vegetation) can reestablish seabird populations and their nutrient transfers between their foraging areas, breeding colonies, and adjacent nearshore habitats. Its diverse benefits are making island restoration increasingly common and scalable to larger islands and whole archipelagos. We identified the factors that influence breeding seabird abundances throughout the Chagos Archipelago in the Indian Ocean and conducted predictive modeling to estimate the abundances of seabirds that the archipelago could support under invasive predator eradication and native vegetation restoration scenarios. We explored whether the prey base exists to support restored seabird populations across the archipelago, calculated the nitrogen that restored populations of seabirds might produce via their guano, and modeled the cascading conservation gains that island restoration could provide. Restoration was predicted to increase breeding pairs of seabirds to over 280,000, and prey was predicted to be ample to support the revived seabird populations. Restored nutrient fluxes were predicted to result in increases in coral growth rates, reef fish biomasses, and parrotfish grazing and bioerosion rates. Given these potential cross-ecosystem benefits, our results support island restoration as a conservation priority that could enhance resilience to climatic change effects, such as sea-level rise and coral bleaching. We encourage the incorporation of our estimates of cross-ecosystem benefits in prioritization exercises for island restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E Dunn
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
- The Lyell Centre, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Olivier Maury
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, Sète, France
| | - Nicolas Barrier
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, Sète, France
| | - Peter Carr
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
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Senior RA, Bagwyn R, Leng D, Killion AK, Jetz W, Wilcove DS. Global shortfalls in documented actions to conserve biodiversity. Nature 2024; 630:387-391. [PMID: 38839953 PMCID: PMC11168922 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Threatened species are by definition species that are in need of assistance. In the absence of suitable conservation interventions, they are likely to disappear soon1. There is limited understanding of how and where conservation interventions are applied globally, or how well they work2,3. Here, using information from the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List and other global databases, we find that for species at risk from three of the biggest drivers of biodiversity loss-habitat loss, overexploitation for international trade and invasive species4-many appear to lack the appropriate types of conservation interventions. Indeed, although there has been substantial recent expansion of the protected area network, we still find that 91% of threatened species have insufficient representation of their habitats within protected areas. Conservation interventions are not implemented uniformly across different taxa and regions and, even when present, have infrequently led to substantial improvements in the status of species. For 58% of the world's threatened terrestrial species, we find conservation interventions to be notably insufficient or absent. We cannot determine whether such species are truly neglected, or whether efforts to recover them are not included in major conservation databases. If they are indeed neglected, the outlook for many of the world's threatened species is grim without more and better targeted action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Senior
- Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
- Conservation Ecology Group, Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK.
| | | | - Danyan Leng
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alexander K Killion
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Walter Jetz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David S Wilcove
- Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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Borges PAV, Lamelas-López L, Lhoumeau S, Moura NB, Ponte M, Leite A, Parmentier L, Abreu R. Monitoring arthropods under the scope of LIFE-SNAILS project: I - Santa Maria Island baseline data with implementation of the Index of Biotic Integrity. Biodivers Data J 2024; 12:e116829. [PMID: 38434752 PMCID: PMC10907951 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.12.e116829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The database we introduce is a pivotal component of the LIFE SNAILS project (Support and Naturalisation in Areas of Importance for Land Snails). This initiative is dedicated to safeguarding three endangered species of terrestrial molluscs, specifically, two snails (Oxychilusagostinhoi Martins 1981 and Leptaxisminor Backhuys, 1975) and a semi-slug (Plutoniaangulosa (Morelet, 1860)), all of which are single island endemics from Santa Maria Island and face significant threats towards their populations.In this study, we established a comprehensive database derived from a long-term arthropod monitoring campaign utilising SLAM (Sea, Land, Air, Malaise) traps. Although molluscs were not the primary focus, our findings serve as a credible proxy for evaluating the overall habitat quality for endemic invertebrates, with arthropods serving as principal indicators. From September to December of 2022, a total of 11 SLAM traps were installed and monitored monthly in eleven sites of mixed forests of Santa Maria Island. New information Based on the 33 available samples (11 sites x 3 sampling periods), we recorded a total of 118 taxa of arthropods (of which 94 were identified at species or subspecies level), belonging to three classes, 14 orders and 62 families. From the 94 identified taxa, a total of 21 species were endemic, 31 native non-endemic, 32 introduced and 10 indeterminate. We also provide additional information of the habitat quality (Index of Biotic Integrity), including general habitat and dominant species composition.We registered three new records to the Island, the native bug Piezodoruslituratus (Fabricius, 1794) (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae), the Azorean endemic beetle Phloeosinusgillerforsi Bright, 1987 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) and the exotic ant Hypoponerapunctatissima (Roger, 1859) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) and one new record for the Azores Archipelago, the native beetle Cephenniumvalidum Assing & Meybohm, 2021 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae).This publication not only contributes to the conservation of highly threatened endemic molluscs, through an assessment of habitat quality, based on arthropod communities and habitat description (e.g. native or exotic vegetation), but also provides an updated inventory of arthropods from Santa Maria Island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo A. V. Borges
- cE3c- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, PortugalcE3c- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042Angra do Heroísmo, AzoresPortugal
- IUCN SSC Atlantic Islands Specialist Group, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, PortugalIUCN SSC Atlantic Islands Specialist Group, 9700-042Angra do Heroísmo, AzoresPortugal
- IUCN SSC Species Monitoring Specialist Group, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, PortugalIUCN SSC Species Monitoring Specialist Group, 9700-042Angra do Heroísmo, AzoresPortugal
| | - Lucas Lamelas-López
- cE3c- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, PortugalcE3c- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042Angra do Heroísmo, AzoresPortugal
| | - Sébastien Lhoumeau
- cE3c- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, PortugalcE3c- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042Angra do Heroísmo, AzoresPortugal
| | - Nelson B. Moura
- Secretaria Regional do Ambiente e Alterações Climáticas, Project LIFE SNAILS (LIFE20 NAT/PT/001377), Rua Dr. Teófilo Braga nº 10/12/14, 9580 – 535, Vila do Porto, Santa Maria, Azores, PortugalSecretaria Regional do Ambiente e Alterações Climáticas, Project LIFE SNAILS (LIFE20 NAT/PT/001377), Rua Dr. Teófilo Braga nº 10/12/14, 9580 – 535Vila do Porto, Santa Maria, AzoresPortugal
| | - Mauro Ponte
- Secretaria Regional do Ambiente e Alterações Climáticas, Project LIFE SNAILS (LIFE20 NAT/PT/001377), Rua do Galo nº 118, 9700-040, Angra do Heroísmo, Terceira, Azores, PortugalSecretaria Regional do Ambiente e Alterações Climáticas, Project LIFE SNAILS (LIFE20 NAT/PT/001377), Rua do Galo nº 118, 9700-040Angra do Heroísmo, Terceira, AzoresPortugal
| | - Abrão Leite
- Rua Fernando Pessoa, nº99 R/C DTO 2765-483, Estoril, PortugalRua Fernando Pessoa, nº99 R/C DTO 2765-483EstorilPortugal
| | - Laurine Parmentier
- Rua da Oliveira nº8, 9700-136 Sé, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, PortugalRua da Oliveira nº8, 9700-136 SéAngra do Heroísmo, AzoresPortugal
| | - Ricardo Abreu
- Secretaria Regional do Ambiente e Alterações Climáticas, Project LIFE SNAILS (LIFE20 NAT/PT/001377), Rua do Galo nº 118, 9700-040, Angra do Heroísmo, Terceira, Azores, PortugalSecretaria Regional do Ambiente e Alterações Climáticas, Project LIFE SNAILS (LIFE20 NAT/PT/001377), Rua do Galo nº 118, 9700-040Angra do Heroísmo, Terceira, AzoresPortugal
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10
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Liu J, Tu F, Liu M, Wang J, Zhang Z. Antifertility effects of EP-1 (quinestrol and levonorgestrel) on Pacific rats (Rattus exulans). Integr Zool 2024; 19:127-142. [PMID: 37884475 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Pest rodents pose a serious threat to island biodiversity. Fertility control could be an alternative approach to control the impact of rodents on these islands. In this study, we examined the antifertility effects of EP-1 baits containing quinestrol (E) and levonorgestrel (P) using a dose of 50 ppm E and P at three different ratios (E:P ratio = 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1) on Pacific rats (Rattus exulans) in the Xisha Islands, Hainan, China. Compared to the control group, all animals in EP-1 treatment groups showed significantly decreased food intake and body weight. In treated males, there were obvious abnormalities in testis structure and a significant decrease of relative seminal vesicle weight, but no significant effect on relative uterine and ovarian weights (g kg-1 body weight), or ovarian structure in females. Adding 8% sucrose to the original 50-ppm baits (E:P ratio = 1:1) significantly increased bait palatability for males and females. This dose induced uterine edema and abnormalities of ovarian structure in females but had no significant negative effect on the relative testis, epididymis, and seminal vesicle weights (g kg-1 body weight) or sperm density in males. In summary, 50-ppm EP-1 (1:1) baits have the potential to disrupt the fertility of females, and 8% sucrose addition to the EP-1 baits (E:P ratio = 1:1) could improve bait palatability. This dose disrupted the testis structure in males. Future studies are needed to improve bait acceptance and assess the antifertility effects of EP-1 (1:1) on Pacific rats in captive breeding trials and under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Feiyun Tu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Secretariat Office, International Society of Zoological Science and Society and Journal Office, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jichao Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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11
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Emerson BC, Borges PAV, Cardoso P, Convey P, deWaard JR, Economo EP, Gillespie RG, Kennedy S, Krehenwinkel H, Meier R, Roderick GK, Strasberg D, Thébaud C, Traveset A, Creedy TJ, Meramveliotakis E, Noguerales V, Overcast I, Morlon H, Papadopoulou A, Vogler AP, Arribas P, Andújar C. Collective and harmonized high throughput barcoding of insular arthropod biodiversity: Toward a Genomic Observatories Network for islands. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:6161-6176. [PMID: 36156326 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Current understanding of ecological and evolutionary processes underlying island biodiversity is heavily shaped by empirical data from plants and birds, although arthropods comprise the overwhelming majority of known animal species, and as such can provide key insights into processes governing biodiversity. Novel high throughput sequencing (HTS) approaches are now emerging as powerful tools to overcome limitations in the availability of arthropod biodiversity data, and hence provide insights into these processes. Here, we explored how these tools might be most effectively exploited for comprehensive and comparable inventory and monitoring of insular arthropod biodiversity. We first reviewed the strengths, limitations and potential synergies among existing approaches of high throughput barcode sequencing. We considered how this could be complemented with deep learning approaches applied to image analysis to study arthropod biodiversity. We then explored how these approaches could be implemented within the framework of an island Genomic Observatories Network (iGON) for the advancement of fundamental and applied understanding of island biodiversity. To this end, we identified seven island biology themes at the interface of ecology, evolution and conservation biology, within which collective and harmonized efforts in HTS arthropod inventory could yield significant advances in island biodiversity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent C Emerson
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology (IPNA-CSIC), San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Spain
| | - Paulo A V Borges
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c)/Azorean Biodiversity Group, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, University of the Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c)/Azorean Biodiversity Group, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, University of the Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History Luomus, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa
| | - Jeremy R deWaard
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Evan P Economo
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
- Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rosemary G Gillespie
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Susan Kennedy
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | | | - Rudolf Meier
- Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - George K Roderick
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Christophe Thébaud
- UMR 5174 EDB Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, CNRS, IRD, Toulouse, France
| | - Anna Traveset
- Global Change Research Group, Mediterranean Institut of Advanced Studies (CSIC-UIB), Mallorca, Spain
| | - Thomas J Creedy
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | | | - Víctor Noguerales
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology (IPNA-CSIC), San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Spain
| | - Isaac Overcast
- Département de Biologie, École normale supérieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Morlon
- Département de Biologie, École normale supérieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Anna Papadopoulou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Alfried P Vogler
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paula Arribas
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology (IPNA-CSIC), San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Spain
| | - Carmelo Andújar
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology (IPNA-CSIC), San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Spain
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12
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Ortiz AMD, Jamero ML, Crespin SJ, Smith Ramirez C, Matias DMS, Reyes JJ, Pauchard A, La Viña AGM. The land and sea routes to 2030: a call for greater attention on all small islands in global environmental policy. NPJ BIODIVERSITY 2023; 2:18. [PMID: 39242820 PMCID: PMC11332114 DOI: 10.1038/s44185-023-00023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Islands have unique vulnerabilities to biodiversity loss and climate change. Current Nationally Determined Contributions under the Paris Agreement are insufficient to avoid the irreversible loss of critical island ecosystems. Existing research, policies, and finance also do not sufficiently address small islands' social-environmental challenges. For instance, the new Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) mentions islands in the invasive species management target. This focus is important, as islands are at high risk to biological invasions; however, this is the only GBF target that mentions islands. There are threats of equal or greater urgency to small islands, including coastal hazards and overexploitation. Ecosystems such as coral reefs and mangroves are crucial for biodiversity, coastal protection, and human livelihoods, yet are unaddressed in the GBF. While research and global policy, including targeted financial flows, have a strong focus on Small Island Developing States (SIDS), the situation of other small islands has been largely overlooked. Here, through a review of policy developments and examples from islands in the Philippines and Chile, we urge that conservation and climate change policies place greater emphasis on acknowledging the diversity of small islands and their unique governance challenges, extending the focus beyond SIDS. Moving forward, global policy and research should include the recognition of small islands as metacommunities linked by interacting species and social-ecological systems to emphasize their connectivity rather than their isolation. Coalition-building and knowledge-sharing, particularly with local, Indigenous and traditional knowledge-holders from small islands, is needed to meet global goals on biodiversity and sustainable development by 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Monica D Ortiz
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Victoria 631, Barrio Universitario, Concepción, Chile.
- Manila Observatory, Quezon City, Philippines.
| | | | - Silvio Javier Crespin
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Victoria 631, Barrio Universitario, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Estudios del Antropoceno, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Instituto de Investigaciones Tropicales de El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | - Cecilia Smith Ramirez
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Victoria 631, Barrio Universitario, Concepción, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Denise Margaret S Matias
- Manila Observatory, Quezon City, Philippines
- Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development (HNEE), Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Jameela Joy Reyes
- Manila Observatory, Quezon City, Philippines
- Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Aníbal Pauchard
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Victoria 631, Barrio Universitario, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas (LIB), Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Antonio G M La Viña
- Manila Observatory, Quezon City, Philippines
- Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, Philippines
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13
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Tichit P, Roy HE, Convey P, Brickle P, Newton RJ, Dawson W. First record of the introduced ladybird beetle, Coccinella undecimpunctata Linnaeus (1758), on South Georgia (sub-Antarctic). Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10513. [PMID: 37701022 PMCID: PMC10493192 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological invasions represent a growing threat to islands and their biodiversity across the world. The isolated sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia in the South Atlantic Ocean is a highly protected area that relies on effective biosecurity including prevention, surveillance and eradication to limit the risk of biological invasions. Based on an opportunistic field discovery, we provide the first report of an introduced ladybird beetle on South Georgia. All specimens discovered belong to the Eurasian species Coccinella undecimpunctata Linnaeus (1758) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Tens of individuals of both sexes were discovered at a single location, indicating that the species may already be established on South Georgia. Transport connectivity with this site suggests that the species most likely arrived recently from the Falkland Islands as a stowaway on a ship. We discuss the implications of our discovery for the continued development of South Atlantic biosecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research CouncilCambridgeUK
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of JohannesburgAuckland ParkSouth Africa
- Biodiversity of Antarctic and Sub‐Antarctic Ecosystems (BASE)SantiagoChile
- Cape Horn International Center (CHIC)Puerto WilliamsChile
| | - Paul Brickle
- South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute (SAERI)StanleyFalkland Islands
- School of Biological Sciences (Zoology)University of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | | | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of BiosciencesDurham UniversityDurhamUK
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14
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Rodríguez B, López-Suárez P, Varo-Cruz N, Dack E, Rendall A, Siverio F, Siverio M, Rodríguez A. Use of marine debris as nest material by ospreys. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115422. [PMID: 37632982 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The use of anthropogenic debris as nest-building materials may affect nest function. We study ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) on an island with scarce vegetation and high availability of beached marine debris. We describe the anthropogenic debris in osprey nests, evaluate the factors affecting its prevalence and abundance, and test its potential effects on breeding parameters. We also quantify plastic entanglements among adults and nestlings. Of the 36 studied nests, 92 % included non-natural items, with plastic being the most frequent material (88.9 %). Nests that were bigger and closer to the coast had more anthropogenic items. The abundance of anthropogenic items in nests did not correlate with osprey breeding parameters. We recorded two live entangled adult females, which represent 3.9 % of the adult population. Monitoring the abundance of anthropogenic debris and its effects on wildlife is necessary to guarantee long-term viability of coastal wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beneharo Rodríguez
- Canary Islands' Ornithology and Natural History Group (GOHNIC), Buenavista del Norte, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | | | - Nuria Varo-Cruz
- Cetaceans and Marine Research Institute of the Canary Islands (CEAMAR), San Bartolomé, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Ena Dack
- Bios.CV, Sal Rei, Boa Vista, Cabo Verde
| | - Aline Rendall
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação e Desenvolvimento Agrário (INIDA), São Jorge dos Órgãos, Santiago, Cabo Verde; Universidade de Cabo Verde (UniCV), Praia, Santiago, Cabo Verde
| | - Felipe Siverio
- Canary Islands' Ornithology and Natural History Group (GOHNIC), Buenavista del Norte, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Manuel Siverio
- Canary Islands' Ornithology and Natural History Group (GOHNIC), Buenavista del Norte, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Airam Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Hadjadji C, Augiron S, Crini N, Amiot C, Driget V, Tourmetz J, Renault S, Coeurdassier M. Metals in the Réunion harrier: tissue concentrations and meaning for conservation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:89270-89279. [PMID: 37452238 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28748-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The Réunion harrier is an endemic raptor on Réunion Island. Several threats endanger its population, poisoning by rodenticides being considered as the main one currently. No information is available on its exposure to other chemicals notably trace metal elements such as lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd). The Réunion harrier is still a victim of poaching nowadays. When shooting is not lethal, animals may carry embedded shot in their body and thus be exposed to toxic level of Pb as demonstrated for other raptors. Moreover, recent monitoring suggests a decrease of its breeding success over time. It is known that Hg and Cd could impair reproduction and disturb embryo development in birds. The aim is to measure metal concentrations in the tissues of 30 carcasses of harrier collected from 2016 to 2021. Lead was analyzed in the liver and humerus, while Hg and Cd were measured in livers. Concentrations were compared to toxicological reference values. Overall, the Réunion harrier was not exposed to toxic levels of Pb or Cd. For Hg, 53% of the individuals have residues higher than the threshold compatible with oxidative stress, and 13% have liver concentrations above those compatible with reproduction impairment. A positive correlation was found between the proportion of urban habitat in a 55 km2 area centered on the location where the harrier was found and the concentration of Hg in the liver. We conclude that Hg exposure could be a threat for the Réunion harrier population and recommend monitoring the exposure of the most sensitive stages, i.e., embryos and nestlings, to this metal with non-invasive methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cloé Hadjadji
- Chrono-environnement-UMR 6249 CNRS Université de Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Steve Augiron
- SEOR, 13 Ruelle des Orchidées, 97440, Saint-André, La Réunion, France
| | - Nadia Crini
- Chrono-environnement-UMR 6249 CNRS Université de Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Caroline Amiot
- Chrono-environnement-UMR 6249 CNRS Université de Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Driget
- Chrono-environnement-UMR 6249 CNRS Université de Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Julie Tourmetz
- SEOR, 13 Ruelle des Orchidées, 97440, Saint-André, La Réunion, France
| | - Samantha Renault
- SEOR, 13 Ruelle des Orchidées, 97440, Saint-André, La Réunion, France
| | - Michael Coeurdassier
- Chrono-environnement-UMR 6249 CNRS Université de Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France.
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16
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Clarke DA, McGeoch MA. Invasive alien insects represent a clear but variable threat to biodiversity. CURRENT RESEARCH IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 4:100065. [PMID: 37564301 PMCID: PMC10410178 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2023.100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Invasive alien insects are an important yet understudied component of the general threat that biological invasions pose to biodiversity. We quantified the breadth and level of this threat by performing environmental impact assessments using a modified version of the Environmental Impact Assessment for Alien Taxa (EICAT) framework. This represents the largest effort to date on quantify the environmental impacts of invasive alien insects. Using a relatively large and taxonomically representative set of insect species that have established non-native populations around the globe, we tested hypotheses on: (1) socioeconomic and (2) taxonomic biases, (3) relationship between range size and impact severity and (4) island susceptibility. Socioeconomic pests had marginally more environmental impact information than non-pests and, as expected, impact information was geographically and taxonomically skewed. Species with larger introduced ranges were more likely, on average, to have the most severe local environmental impacts (i.e. a global maximum impact severity of 'Major'). The island susceptibility hypothesis found no support, and both island and mainland systems experience similar numbers of high severity impacts. These results demonstrate the high variability, both within and across species, in the ways and extents to which invasive insects impact biodiversity, even within the highest profile invaders. However, the environmental impact knowledge base requires greater taxonomic and geographic coverage, so that hypotheses about invasion impact can be developed towards identifying generalities in the biogeography of invasion impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Clarke
- Department of Environment and Genetics, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Melodie A. McGeoch
- Department of Environment and Genetics, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
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17
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Solmundson K, Bowman J, Manseau M, Taylor RS, Keobouasone S, Wilson PJ. Genomic population structure and inbreeding history of Lake Superior caribou. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10278. [PMID: 37424935 PMCID: PMC10326607 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) have experienced dramatic declines in both range and population size across Canada over the past century. Boreal caribou (R. t. caribou), 1 of the 12 Designatable Units, has lost approximately half of its historic range in the last 150 years, particularly along the southern edge of its distribution. Despite this overall northward contraction, some populations have persisted at the trailing range edge, over 150 km south of the continuous boreal caribou range in Ontario, along the coast and nearshore islands of Lake Superior. The population history of caribou along Lake Superior remains unclear. It appears that these caribou likely represent a remnant distribution at the trailing edge of the receding population of boreal caribou, but they may also exhibit local adaptation to the coastal environment. A better understanding of the population structure and history of caribou along Lake Superior is important for their conservation and management. Here, we use high-coverage whole genomes (N = 20) from boreal, eastern migratory, and barren-ground caribou sampled in Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec to investigate population structure and inbreeding histories. We discovered that caribou from the Lake Superior range form a distinct group but also found some evidence of gene flow with the continuous boreal caribou range. Notably, caribou along Lake Superior demonstrated relatively high levels of inbreeding (measured as runs of homozygosity; ROH) and genetic drift, which may contribute to the differentiation observed between ranges. Despite inbreeding, caribou along Lake Superior retained high heterozygosity, particularly in genomic regions without ROH. These results suggest that they present distinct genomic characteristics but also some level of gene flow with the continuous range. Our study provides key insights into the genomics of the southernmost range of caribou in Ontario, beginning to unravel the evolutionary history of these small, isolated caribou populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Solmundson
- Environmental & Life Sciences Graduate ProgramTrent UniversityPeterboroughOntarioCanada
| | - Jeff Bowman
- Environmental & Life Sciences Graduate ProgramTrent UniversityPeterboroughOntarioCanada
- Wildlife Research and Monitoring Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and ForestryTrent UniversityPeterboroughOntarioCanada
| | - Micheline Manseau
- Environmental & Life Sciences Graduate ProgramTrent UniversityPeterboroughOntarioCanada
- Landscape Science and Technology DivisionEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Rebecca S. Taylor
- Landscape Science and Technology DivisionEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Sonesinh Keobouasone
- Landscape Science and Technology DivisionEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Paul J. Wilson
- Biology DepartmentTrent UniversityPeterboroughOntarioCanada
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18
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Spatz DR, Young LC, Holmes ND, Jones HP, VanderWerf EA, Lyons DE, Kress S, Miskelly CM, Taylor GA. Tracking the global application of conservation translocation and social attraction to reverse seabird declines. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2214574120. [PMID: 37036988 PMCID: PMC10120044 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2214574120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The global loss of biodiversity has inspired actions to restore nature across the planet. Translocation and social attraction actions deliberately move or lure a target species to a restoration site to reintroduce or augment populations and enhance biodiversity and ecosystem resilience. Given limited conservation funding and rapidly accelerating extinction trajectories, tracking progress of these interventions can inform best practices and advance management outcomes. Seabirds are globally threatened and commonly targeted for translocation and social attraction ("active seabird restoration"), yet no framework exists for tracking these efforts nor informing best practices. This study addresses this gap for conservation decision makers responsible for seabirds and coastal management. We systematically reviewed active seabird restoration projects worldwide and collated results into a publicly accessible Seabird Restoration Database. We describe global restoration trends, apply a systematic process to measure success rates and response times since implementation, and examine global factors influencing outcomes. The database contains 851 active restoration events in 551 locations targeting 138 seabird species; 16% of events targeted globally threatened taxa. Visitation occurred in 80% of events and breeding occurred in 76%, on average 2 y after implementation began (SD = 3.2 y). Outcomes varied by taxonomy, with the highest and quickest breeding response rates for Charadriiformes (terns, gulls, and auks), primarily with social attraction. Given delayed and variable response times to active restoration, 5 y is appropriate before evaluating outcomes. The database and results serve as a model for tracking and evaluating restoration outcomes, and is applicable to measuring conservation interventions for additional threatened taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Holly P. Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL60115
- Institute for the Study of the Environment, Sustainability, and Energy, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL60115
| | | | - Donald E. Lyons
- National Audubon Society, Seabird Institute, Bremen, ME04551
| | - Stephen Kress
- National Audubon Society, Seabird Institute, Bremen, ME04551
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY14850
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19
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Kim HN, Lee O, Lee HJ, Kim GC, Kim HS, Derbridge JJ, Jo YS. The Origin and Invasion Pathway of Brown Rats Rattus norvegicus on Dok-Do Island Revealed by Genome-Wide Markers from 3-RADseq Approach. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071243. [PMID: 37048499 PMCID: PMC10093337 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological invasions are known to cause local extinctions on islands. Dok-do, a small, remote volcanic island in the East Sea of Korea in the western Pacific, has recently been invaded by rats, posing ecological problems. To infer their origin and invasion pathway, we collected rats from Dok-do and from the potential introduction source locations, Ulleung-do in the Pacific Ocean, and four east coastal ports. First, we identified that the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) was the only rat species occurring at collecting sites based on the key morphological characteristics. To determine the population-level genetic diversity pattern, we applied the 3-RADseq approach. After a series of filtrations (minor allele frequency < 0.05, Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium p < 1 × 10−7), 4042 SNPs were retained for the final dataset from the 25,439 SNPs initially isolated. The spatial structure and genetic diversity pattern of brown rats suggested that the rat population on Dok-do was likely introduced from Ulleung-do. Our work provides practical information that will assist in the management of invasive brown rats in vulnerable island ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Na Kim
- Department of Biology Education, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Ohsun Lee
- Department of Biology Education, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Jin Lee
- Department of Biology Education, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Cheol Kim
- Department of Biology Education, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Soo Kim
- Department of Biology Education, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yeong-Seok Jo
- Department of Biology Education, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Republic of Korea
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20
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Lamelas-Lopez L, Borges PAV. Surveying Cory Shearwater colonies with camera traps and identifying potential invasive nest predators. Biodivers Data J 2023; 11:e103270. [PMID: 38327290 PMCID: PMC10848678 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.11.e103270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Azores holds the largest population of Cory's shearwater Calonectrisborealis (Cory, 1881) (Aves, Procellariiformes, Procellariidae) in the world. One of the major threats of this species in the Azores is the predation by invasive mammals, which were introduced during European colonisation of the islands.The present study provides a dataset from a camera-trapping survey performed in colonies of Cory's shearwater. The sampling was conducted between 7 April and 23 October 2019, covering the entire breeding season, in three colonies of the Terceira Island (Azores). A total of 32 nests were sampled using motion-triggered cameras. The aims of this study are to provide information about the ecological patterns of the Cory shearwater and to identify potential nest predators. New information Our results include a total of 6972 records of 15 species (nine species of birds, five of mammals and one reptile), of which 5414 records are of Cory's shearwater, 478 of potential mammal predators and 1080 of another vertebrate species. Information about the biology of the species is also provided, as species circadian behaviour and habitat description.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Lamelas-Lopez
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c)/Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, PortugalCentre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c)/Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042Angra do Heroísmo, AzoresPortugal
| | - Paulo A. V. Borges
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c)/Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, PortugalCentre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c)/Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042Angra do Heroísmo, AzoresPortugal
- IUCN SSC Mid-Atlantic Islands Invertebrates Specialist Group, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, PortugalIUCN SSC Mid-Atlantic Islands Invertebrates Specialist GroupAngra do Heroísmo, AzoresPortugal
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21
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Clerissi C, Chaïb S, Raviglione D, Espiau B, Bertrand C, Meyer JY. Metabarcoding and Metabolomics Reveal the Effect of the Invasive Alien Tree Miconia calvescens DC. on Soil Diversity on the Tropical Island of Mo'orea (French Polynesia). Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040832. [PMID: 37110253 PMCID: PMC10144827 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Miconia calvescens is a dominant invasive alien tree species that threatens several endemic plants in French Polynesia (South Pacific). While most analyses have been performed at the scale of plant communities, the effects on the rhizosphere have not been described so far. However, this compartment can be involved in plant fitness through inhibitory activities, nutritive exchanges, and communication with other organisms. In particular, it was not known whether M. calvescens forms specific associations with soil organisms or has a specific chemical composition of secondary metabolites. To tackle these issues, the rhizosphere of six plant species was sampled on the tropical island of Mo'orea in French Polynesia at both the seedling and tree stages. The diversity of soil organisms (bacteria, microeukaryotes, and metazoa) and of secondary metabolites was studied using high-throughput technologies (metabarcoding and metabolomics, respectively). We found that trees had higher effects on soil diversity than seedlings. Moreover, M. calvescens showed a specific association with microeukaryotes of the Cryptomycota family at the tree stage. This family was positively correlated with the terpenoids found in the soil. Many terpenoids were also found within the roots of M. calvescens, suggesting that these molecules were probably produced by the plant and favored the presence of Cryptomycota. Both terpenoids and Cryptomycota were thus specific chemicals and biomarkers of M. calvescens. Additional studies must be performed in the future to better understand if they contribute to the success of this invasive tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Clerissi
- PSL Université Paris: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, UAR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, Cedex, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Slimane Chaïb
- PSL Université Paris: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, UAR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, Cedex, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Delphine Raviglione
- PSL Université Paris: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, UAR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, Cedex, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Benoit Espiau
- PSL Université Paris: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, UAR 3278 CRIOBE, B.P. 1013, 98729 Papetoai, Mo'orea, France
| | - Cédric Bertrand
- PSL Université Paris: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, UAR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, Cedex, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Jean-Yves Meyer
- Délégation à la Recherche, B.P. 20981, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, France
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22
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Walentowitz A, Lenzner B, Essl F, Strandberg N, Castilla-Beltrán A, Fernández-Palacios JM, Björck S, Connor S, Haberle SG, Ljung K, Prebble M, Wilmshurst JM, Froyd CA, de Boer EJ, de Nascimento L, Edwards ME, Stevenson J, Beierkuhnlein C, Steinbauer MJ, Nogué S. Long-term trajectories of non-native vegetation on islands globally. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:729-741. [PMID: 36958810 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Human-mediated changes in island vegetation are, among others, largely caused by the introduction and establishment of non-native species. However, data on past changes in non-native plant species abundance that predate historical documentation and censuses are scarce. Islands are among the few places where we can track human arrival in natural systems allowing us to reveal changes in vegetation dynamics with the arrival of non-native species. We matched fossil pollen data with botanical status information (native, non-native), and quantified the timing, trajectories and magnitude of non-native plant vegetational change on 29 islands over the past 5000 years. We recorded a proportional increase in pollen of non-native plant taxa within the last 1000 years. Individual island trajectories are context-dependent and linked to island settlement histories. Our data show that non-native plant introductions have a longer and more dynamic history than is generally recognized, with critical implications for biodiversity baselines and invasion biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Walentowitz
- Department of Biogeography, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Bernd Lenzner
- BioInvasions, Global Change, Macroecology Group, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Essl
- BioInvasions, Global Change, Macroecology Group, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nichola Strandberg
- School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Alvaro Castilla-Beltrán
- Departamento de Geografía e Historia, Universidad of La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
- Island Ecology and Biogeography Group, Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
| | - José María Fernández-Palacios
- Island Ecology and Biogeography Group, Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
| | - Svante Björck
- Department of Geology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Simon Connor
- Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity & Heritage, and School of Culture, History & Language, College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Simon G Haberle
- Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity & Heritage, and School of Culture, History & Language, College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Karl Ljung
- Department of Geology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Matiu Prebble
- School of Culture, History and Language, College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Te Kura Aronukurangi-School of Earth and Environment, Te Whare Wānanga o Waitaha-University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Janet M Wilmshurst
- Long Term Ecology Laboratory, Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | | | - Erik J de Boer
- Departament d'Estratigrafia, Paleontologia i Geociències Marines, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lea de Nascimento
- Island Ecology and Biogeography Group, Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
| | - Mary E Edwards
- School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Janelle Stevenson
- Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity & Heritage, and School of Culture, History & Language, College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Carl Beierkuhnlein
- Department of Biogeography, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Geographical Institute Bayreuth (GIB), Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Science (BayCEER), Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Manuel J Steinbauer
- Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER) & Bayreuth Center of Sport Science (BaySpo), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sandra Nogué
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
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23
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Introduced rabbits as seed-dispersing frugivores: a study case on a environmentally diverse oceanic island (Tenerife, Canaries). Biol Invasions 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-023-03026-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
AbstractRabbits have travelled with humans to the most remote archipelagos, having been introduced on at least 800 islands worldwide. This herbivore has caused a devastating effect on endemic insular plants, causing changes in species composition, cascading extinctions and disruption of native seed dispersal systems worldwide. However, its ecological impacts as disrupting native seed dispersal systems have not been studied from a holistic perspective in any of the archipelagos where rabbits were introduced. Here, we assess the role of rabbits as frugivores and seed-dispersers on the most extensive and diverse island of the Canary Archipelago, Tenerife, across its five main vegetation zones represented in an altitudinal gradient 0–3715 m a.s.l. To this end, 120 transects per vegetation zone were conducted (August 2020–November 2021) to collect fresh faecal samples from a total of 244 latrines. They consisted of 29,538 droppings in which we found seeds from 73 plant species, 29 of which were identified to species level (13 endemic, eight natives and eight introduced by humans). About 70% of the seeds were identified as fleshy-fruited plant species while the remaining nine were dry fruits. Of the former, only nine showed a percentage of intact seeds greater than 75%, another nine species between 50 and 75%, and three lower than 50%. The digestive effect of rabbits on seedling emergence was generally low, compared to that produced by native seed dispersers. Since fleshy-fruited plants and rabbits have not been linked in their evolutionary history in the Canaries, the former seems to have their own legitimate seed dispersers.
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24
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Browett SS, Synnott R, O'Meara DB, Antwis RE, Browett SS, Bown KJ, Wangensteen OS, Dawson DA, Searle JB, Yearsley JM, McDevitt AD. Resource competition drives an invasion-replacement event among shrew species on an island. J Anim Ecol 2023; 92:698-709. [PMID: 36617677 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Invasive mammals are responsible for the majority of native species extinctions on islands. While most of these extinction events will be due to novel interactions between species (e.g. exotic predators and naive prey), it is more unusual to find incidences where a newly invasive species causes the decline/extinction of a native species on an island when they normally coexist elsewhere in their overlapping mainland ranges. We investigated if resource competition between two insectivorous small mammals was playing a significant role in the rapid replacement of the native pygmy shrew Sorex minutus in the presence of the recently invading greater white-toothed shrew Crocidura russula on the island of Ireland. We used DNA metabarcoding of gut contents from >300 individuals of both species to determine each species' diet and measured the body size (weight and length) during different stages of the invasion in Ireland (before, during and after the species come into contact with one another) and on a French island where both species have long coexisted (acting as a natural 'control' site). Dietary composition, niche width and overlap and body size were compared in these different stages. The body size of the invasive C. russula and composition of its diet changes between when it first invades an area and after it becomes established. During the initial stages of the invasion, individual shrews are larger and consume larger sized invertebrate prey species. During later stages of the invasion, C. russula switches to consuming smaller prey taxa that are more essential for the native species. As a result, the level of interspecific dietary overlap increases from between 11% and 14% when they first come into contact with each other to between 39% and 46% after the invasion. Here we show that an invasive species can quickly alter its dietary niche in a new environment, ultimately causing the replacement of a native species. In addition, the invasive shrew could also be potentially exhausting local resources of larger invertebrate species. These subsequent changes in terrestrial invertebrate communities could have severe impacts further downstream on ecosystem functioning and services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S Browett
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK.,Molecular Ecology Research Group, Eco-Innovation Research Centre, School of Science and Computing, South East Technological University, Waterford, Ireland.,NERC Environmental Omics Facility, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Rebecca Synnott
- Molecular Ecology Research Group, Eco-Innovation Research Centre, School of Science and Computing, South East Technological University, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Denise B O'Meara
- Molecular Ecology Research Group, Eco-Innovation Research Centre, School of Science and Computing, South East Technological University, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Rachael E Antwis
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Stephen S Browett
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Kevin J Bown
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Owen S Wangensteen
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Deborah A Dawson
- NERC Environmental Omics Facility, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jeremy B Searle
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Corson Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Jon M Yearsley
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Allan D McDevitt
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK.,Department of Natural Sciences and the Environment, School of Science and Computing, Atlantic Technological University, Galway, Ireland
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25
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Harnessing island-ocean connections to maximize marine benefits of island conservation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2122354119. [PMID: 36508667 PMCID: PMC9907155 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122354119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Islands support unique plants, animals, and human societies found nowhere else on the Earth. Local and global stressors threaten the persistence of island ecosystems, with invasive species being among the most damaging, yet solvable, stressors. While the threat of invasive terrestrial mammals on island flora and fauna is well recognized, recent studies have begun to illustrate their extended and destructive impacts on adjacent marine environments. Eradication of invasive mammals and restoration of native biota are promising tools to address both island and ocean management goals. The magnitude of the marine benefits of island restoration, however, is unlikely to be consistent across the globe. We propose a list of six environmental characteristics most likely to affect the strength of land-sea linkages: precipitation, elevation, vegetation cover, soil hydrology, oceanographic productivity, and wave energy. Global databases allow for the calculation of comparable metrics describing each environmental character across islands. Such metrics can be used today to evaluate relative potential for coupled land-sea conservation efforts and, with sustained investment in monitoring on land and sea, can be used in the future to refine science-based planning tools for integrated land-sea management. As conservation practitioners work to address the effects of climate change, ocean stressors, and biodiversity crises, it is essential that we maximize returns from our management investments. Linking efforts on land, including eradication of island invasive mammals, with marine restoration and protection should offer multiplied benefits to achieve concurrent global conservation goals.
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26
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Eaten out of house and home: local extinction of Abrolhos painted button-quail Turnix varius scintillans due to invasive mice, herbivores and rainfall decline. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02966-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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Chapple DG, Naimo AC, Brand JA, Michelangeli M, Martin JM, Goulet CT, Brunton DH, Sih A, Wong BBM. Biological invasions as a selective filter driving behavioral divergence. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5996. [PMID: 36220842 PMCID: PMC9553908 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33755-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological invasions are a multi-stage process (i.e., transport, introduction, establishment, spread), with each stage potentially acting as a selective filter on traits associated with invasion success. Behavior (e.g., exploration, activity, boldness) plays a key role in facilitating species introductions, but whether invasion acts as a selective filter on such traits is not well known. Here we capitalize on the well-characterized introduction of an invasive lizard (Lampropholis delicata) across three independent lineages throughout the Pacific, and show that invasion shifted behavioral trait means and reduced among-individual variation-two key predictions of the selective filter hypothesis. Moreover, lizards from all three invasive ranges were also more behaviorally plastic (i.e., greater within-individual variation) than their native range counterparts. We provide support for the importance of selective filtering of behavioral traits in a widespread invasion. Given that invasive species are a leading driver of global biodiversity loss, understanding how invasion selects for specific behaviors is critical for improving predictions of the effects of alien species on invaded communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Chapple
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Annalise C Naimo
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Jack A Brand
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Marcus Michelangeli
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jake M Martin
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Celine T Goulet
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Dianne H Brunton
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Sih
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bob B M Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
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28
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Complex ecological communities and the emergence of island species-area relationships. THEOR ECOL-NETH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12080-022-00545-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIt has been a century since the species-area relationship (SAR) was first proposed as a power law to explain how species richness scales with area. There have been many attempts to explain the origin of this predominant form. Apart from the power law, numerous empirical studies also report a semi-log form of the SAR, but very few have addressed its incidence. In this work, we test whether these relationships could emerge from the assembly of large random communities on island-like systems. The clustering of same-species individuals is central to our results, which we incorporate by modifying the self-interaction term in the generalized Lotka-Volterra equations. Our analysis demonstrates that the two most widely reported relationship forms can emerge due to differences in immigration rates and skewness towards weak interactions. We particularly highlight the incidence of the semi-log SAR for low immigration rates from a source pool, which is consistent with several previous empirical studies. The two SAR forms might show good fits to data over a large span of areas but a power-law overestimates species richness on smaller islands in remote archipelagoes.
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29
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Hileman ET, Powell R, Gifford ME. Senescence and Differential Size-Based Survival in Puerto Rican Giant Groundlizards, Pholidoscelis exsul (Squamata: Teiidae), on Guana Island, British Virgin Islands. HERPETOLOGICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-22-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric T. Hileman
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Robert Powell
- Department of Biology, Avila University, Kansas City, MO 64145, USA
| | - Matthew E. Gifford
- Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR 72035, USA
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30
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Spatz DR, Holmes ND, Will DJ, Hein S, Carter ZT, Fewster RM, Keitt B, Genovesi P, Samaniego A, Croll DA, Tershy BR, Russell JC. The global contribution of invasive vertebrate eradication as a key island restoration tool. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13391. [PMID: 35948555 PMCID: PMC9365850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14982-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Islands are global hotspots for biodiversity and extinction, representing ~ 5% of Earth's land area alongside 40% of globally threatened vertebrates and 61% of global extinctions since the 1500s. Invasive species are the primary driver of native biodiversity loss on islands, though eradication of invasive species from islands has been effective at halting or reversing these trends. A global compendium of this conservation tool is essential for scaling best-practices and enabling innovations to maximize biodiversity outcomes. Here, we synthesize over 100 years of invasive vertebrate eradications from islands, comprising 1550 eradication attempts on 998 islands, with an 88% success rate. We show a significant growth in eradication activity since the 1980s, primarily driven by rodent eradications. The annual number of eradications on islands peaked in the mid-2000s, but the annual area treated continues to rise dramatically. This trend reflects increases in removal efficacy and project complexity, generating increased conservation gains. Our synthesis demonstrates the collective contribution of national interventions towards global biodiversity outcomes. Further investment in invasive vertebrate eradications from islands will expand biodiversity conservation while strengthening biodiversity resilience to climate change and creating co-benefits for human societies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stella Hein
- Island Conservation, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.,UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Piero Genovesi
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Rome, Italy.,IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group, Rome, Italy
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31
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Brasington T. Four fifths a grizzly: a new perspective on nature that just might save us all. Douglas Chadwick. 2021. Patagonia Books, Ventura, California, United States. 289 pp. $27.95 hardcover. ISBN: 9781952338014. J Wildl Manage 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Brasington
- College of Natural Resources University of Wisconsin‐Stevens Point Stevens Point WI 54481 USA
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32
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Where to search: the use of opportunistic data for the detection of an invasive forest pest. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02857-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractEarly detection is important for the management of invasive alien species. In the last decade citizen science has become an important source of such data. Here, we used opportunistic records from the “LIFE ARTEMIS” citizen science project, in which people submitted records from places where they observed tree pests, to understand the distribution of a rapidly-spreading forest pest: the oak lace bug (Corythucha arcuata) in Slovenia. These citizen science records were not distributed randomly. We constructed a species distribution model for C. arcuata that accounted for the biased distribution of citizen science by using the records of other tree pests and diseases from the same project as pseudo-absences (so-called constrained pseudo-absences), and compared this to a model with pseudo-absences selected randomly from across Slovenia. We found that the constrained pseudo-absence model showed that C. arcuata was more likely to be found in east, in places with more oak trees and at lower elevations, and also closer to highways and railways, indicating introduction and dispersal by accidental human transport. The outputs from the model with random pseudo-absences were broadly similar, although estimates from this model tended to be higher and less precise, and some factors that were significant (proximity to minor roads and human settlements) were artefacts of recorder bias, showing the importance of taking the distribution of recording into account wherever possible. The finding that C. arcuata is more likely to be found near highways allows us to design advice for where future citizen science should be directed for efficient early detection.
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Patterson JR, DeVault TL, Beasley JC. Integrating terrestrial scavenging ecology into contemporary wildlife conservation and management. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9122. [PMID: 35866022 PMCID: PMC9289120 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Scavenging plays a vital role in maintaining ecosystem health and contributing to ecological functions; however, research in this sub-discipline of ecology is underutilized in developing and implementing wildlife conservation and management strategies. We provide an examination of the literature and recommend priorities for research where improved understanding of scavenging dynamics can facilitate the development and refinement of applied wildlife conservation and management strategies. Due to the application of scavenging research broadly within ecology, scavenging studies should be implemented for informing management decisions. In particular, a more direct link should be established between scavenging dynamics and applied management programs related to informing pharmaceutical delivery and population control through bait uptake for scavenging species, prevention of unintentional poisoning of nontarget scavenging species, the epidemiological role that scavenging species play in disease dynamics, estimating wildlife mortalities, nutrient transfer facilitated by scavenging activity, and conservation of imperiled facultative scavenging species. This commentary is intended to provide information on the paucity of data in scavenging research and present recommendations for further studies that can inform decisions in wildlife conservation and management. Additionally, we provide a framework for decision-making when determining how to apply scavenging ecology research for management practices and policies. Due to the implications that scavenging species have on ecosystem health, and their overall global decline as a result of anthropic activities, it is imperative to advance studies in the field of scavenging ecology that can inform applied conservation and management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R. Patterson
- Savannah River Ecology Lab, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAikenSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Travis L. DeVault
- Savannah River Ecology Lab, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAikenSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - James C. Beasley
- Savannah River Ecology Lab, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAikenSouth CarolinaUSA
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Oppel S, Clark BL, Risi MM, Horswill C, Converse SJ, Jones CW, Osborne AM, Stevens K, Perold V, Bond AL, Wanless RM, Cuthbert R, Cooper J, Ryan PG. Cryptic population decrease due to invasive species predation in a long‐lived seabird supports need for eradication. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Oppel
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The David Attenborough Building Cambridge UK
| | - Bethany L. Clark
- BirdLife International The David Attenborough Building Cambridge UK
| | - Michelle M. Risi
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The David Attenborough Building Cambridge UK
| | - Catharine Horswill
- ZSL Institute of Zoology, Regent's Park London UK
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environmental Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment University College London London UK
- Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Sarah J. Converse
- U.S. Geological Survey, Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, School of Environmental and Forest Sciences & School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Christopher W. Jones
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The David Attenborough Building Cambridge UK
| | - Alexis M. Osborne
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The David Attenborough Building Cambridge UK
| | - Kim Stevens
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The David Attenborough Building Cambridge UK
| | - Vonica Perold
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The David Attenborough Building Cambridge UK
| | - Alexander L. Bond
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The David Attenborough Building Cambridge UK
- Bird Group, Department of Life Sciences The Natural History Museum Tring Hertfordshire UK
| | - Ross M. Wanless
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology University of Cape Town Rondebosch South Africa
| | - Richard Cuthbert
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The David Attenborough Building Cambridge UK
- World Land Trust Halesworth UK
| | - John Cooper
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology University of Cape Town Rondebosch South Africa
| | - Peter G. Ryan
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology University of Cape Town Rondebosch South Africa
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Hanslowe EB, Yackel Adams AA, Nafus MG, Page DA, Bradke DR, Erickson FT, Bailey LL. Chew-cards can accurately index invasive rat densities in Mariana Island forests. NEOBIOTA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.74.80242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Rats (Rattus spp.) are likely established on 80–90% of the world’s islands and represent one of the most damaging and expensive biological invaders. Effective rat control tools exist but require accurate population density estimates or indices to inform treatment timing and effort and to assess treatment efficacy. Capture-mark-recapture data are frequently used to produce robust density estimates, but collecting these data can be expensive, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. We tested a potentially cheaper and easier alternative, chew-cards, as a count-based (quantitative) index of invasive rat densities in tropical forests in the Mariana Islands, an archipelago in the western North Pacific Ocean. We trialed chew-cards in nine forest grids on two Mariana Islands by comparing the proportion of cards chewed to capture-mark-recapture density estimates and manipulated rat densities to test whether the relationship was retained. Chew-card counts were positively correlated with rat capture-mark-recapture density estimates across a range of rat densities found in the region. Additionally, the correlation between the two sampling methods increased with the number of days chew-cards were deployed. Specifically, when chew-cards were deployed for five nights, a 10% increase in the proportion of cards chewed equated to an estimated increase in rat density of approximately 2.4 individuals per ha (R2 = 0.74). Chew-cards can provide a valid index of rat densities in Mariana Island forests and are a cheaper alternative to capture-mark-recapture sampling when relative differences in density are of primary interest. New cost-effective monitoring tools can enhance our understanding and management of invaded islands while stretching limited resources further than some conventional approaches, thus improving invasive species management on islands.
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Allmert T, Jeschke JM, Evans T. An assessment of the environmental and socio-economic impacts of alien rabbits and hares. AMBIO 2022; 51:1314-1329. [PMID: 34709588 PMCID: PMC8931149 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01642-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Directly comparable data on the environmental and socio-economic impacts of alien species informs the effective prioritisation of their management. We used two frameworks, the Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT) and Socio-Economic Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (SEICAT), to create a unified dataset on the severity and type of impacts caused by alien leporids (rabbits and hares). Literature was reviewed to collate impact data, which was categorised following EICAT and SEICAT guidelines. We aimed to use these data to identify: (1) alien leporid species with severe impacts, (2) their impact mechanisms, (3) the native species and local communities vulnerable to impacts and (4) knowledge gaps. Native species from a range of taxonomic groups were affected by environmental impacts which tended to be more damaging than socio-economic impacts. Indirect environmental impacts were particularly damaging and underreported. No impact data were found for several alien leporid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Allmert
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Present Address: Department of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan M. Jeschke
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Königin-Luise-Str. 2-4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Evans
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Königin-Luise-Str. 2-4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Sawada K, Aihara T, Kamijo T. Current and future predicted distributions of invasive toads (Anura: Bufonidae) and bullfrogs (Anura: Ranidae) on Sado Island. JOURNAL OF ASIA-PACIFIC BIODIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japb.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Skaien CL, Arcese P. On the capacity for rapid adaptation and plastic responses to herbivory and intraspecific competition in insular populations of
Plectritis congesta. Evol Appl 2022; 15:804-816. [PMID: 35603029 PMCID: PMC9108306 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A capacity for rapid adaptation should enhance the persistence of populations subject to temporal and spatial heterogeneity in natural selection, but examples from nature remain scarce. Plectritis congesta (Caprifoliaceae) is a winter annual that exhibits local adaptation to browsing by ungulates and hypothesized to show context‐dependent trade‐offs in traits affecting success in competition versus resistance or tolerance to browsing. We grew P. congesta from 44 insular populations historically exposed or naïve to ungulates in common gardens to (1) quantify genetic, plastic and competitive effects on phenotype; (2) estimate a capacity for rapid adaptation (evolvability); and (3) test whether traits favoured by selection with ungulates present were selected against in their absence. Plants from browsed populations bolted and flowered later, had smaller inflorescences, were less fecund and half as tall as plants from naïve populations on average, replicating patterns in nature. Estimated evolvabilities (3–36%) and narrow‐sense heritabilities (h2; 0.13–0.32) imply that differences in trait values as large as reported here can arise in 2–18 generations in an average population. Phenotypic plasticity was substantial, varied by browsing history and fruit phenotype and increased with competition. Fecundity increased with plasticity in flowering height given competition (0.47 ± 0.02 florets/cm, β ± se), but 23–77% faster in naïve plants bearing winged fruits (0.53 ± 0.04) than exposed‐wingless plants (0.43 ± 0.03) or exposed‐winged and naïve‐wingless plants (0.30 ± 0.03, each case). Our results support the hypothesis that context‐dependent variation in natural selection in P. congesta populations has conferred a substantial capacity for adaptation in response to selection in traits affecting success in competition versus resistance or tolerance to browsing in the absence versus presence of ungulates, respectively. Theory suggests that conserving adaptive capacity in P. congesta will require land managers to maintain spatial heterogeneity in natural selection, prevent local extinctions and maintain gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora L. Skaien
- University of British Columbia Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences Faculty of Forestry 2424 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Peter Arcese
- University of British Columbia Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences Faculty of Forestry 2424 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
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Marino C, Leclerc C, Bellard C. Profiling insular vertebrates prone to biological invasions: What makes them vulnerable? GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1077-1090. [PMID: 34783130 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Invasive alien species (IAS) are a major threat to insular vertebrates, although the ecological characteristics that make insular communities vulnerable to IAS are poorly understood. After describing the ecological strategies of 6015 insular amphibians, birds, lizards, and mammals, we assessed the functional and ecological features of vertebrates exposed to IAS. We found that at least 50% of insular amphibian functional richness was hosted by IAS-threatened amphibians and up to 29% for birds. Moreover, all IAS-threatened groups except birds harbored a higher functional richness than species groups threatened by other threats. Disentangling the ecological strategies threatened by IAS, compared to those associated with other threats, we showed that birds, lizards, and mammals were more likely to be terrestrial foragers and amphibians to have larval development. By contrast, large-bodied species and habitat specialists were universally threatened. By considering the functional aspect of threatened insular diversity, our work improves our understanding of global IAS impacts. This new dimension proves essential for undertaking relevant and effective conservation actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Marino
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Orsay, France
| | - Camille Leclerc
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Orsay, France
| | - Céline Bellard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Orsay, France
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Schlis‐Elias MC, Malaney JL. Island biogeography predicts skull gigantism and shape variation in meadow voles
Microtus pennsylvanicus
through ecological release and allometry. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariah C. Schlis‐Elias
- Snyder Museum of Zoology and Dept of Biology, Austin Peay State Univ. Clarksville TN USA
- New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Dept of BioScience Albuquerque NM USA
| | - Jason L. Malaney
- Snyder Museum of Zoology and Dept of Biology, Austin Peay State Univ. Clarksville TN USA
- New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Dept of BioScience Albuquerque NM USA
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McGruddy R, Howse MWF, Haywood J, Toft RJ, Lester PJ. Nesting Ecology and Colony Survival of Two Invasive Polistes Wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in New Zealand. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:1466-1473. [PMID: 34431996 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvab086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We examined the abundance, nesting ecology, and colony survival of two invasive species of paper wasp, Polistes dominula Christ (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) and Polistes chinensis Pérez (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), within their invaded range in New Zealand. The more recent invader, P. dominula, exhibited a strong habitat preference, reaching the highest abundances within suburban areas with an average of 87.4 wasps per 1,000 m2. Coastal habitats were also found to be suitable environments for P. dominula, although wasp abundance in these areas was comparatively lower than suburban sites at 26.5 wasps per 1,000 m2. Although P. chinensis were observed to build more nests in coastal habitats, this was not reflected in the abundance of adult wasps in these areas. Nests of P. dominula were larger and more productive, likely a result of the multiple founding and earlier emergence of workers compared to P. chinensis. Both species exhibited significant differences in nest survival, with P. dominula observed to have a higher colony survival rate, particularly in suburban habitats where this species utilized man-made substrates as nesting sites. Neither species nested within forest sites and translocated nests of P. dominula failed to thrive within forest habitats. Findings of this research suggest that P. dominula will not pose a threat to species inhabiting forested areas. Instead, biodiversity managers should focus their efforts on suburban and coastal environments as native species in these areas will require the greatest protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose McGruddy
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Matthew W F Howse
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - John Haywood
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Philip J Lester
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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Merz L, Kshirsagar AR, Rafaliarison RR, Rajaonarivelo T, Farris ZJ, Randriana Z, Valenta K. Wildlife predation by dogs in Madagascar. Biotropica 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leandra Merz
- Department of Geography University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
| | | | | | - Tsiky Rajaonarivelo
- Mad Dog Initiative Akanin’ny Veterinera Akaikiniarivo Antananarivo Madagascar
| | - Zach J. Farris
- Department of Health and Exercise Science Appalachian State University Boone North Carolina USA
| | - Zoavina Randriana
- Mad Dog Initiative Akanin’ny Veterinera Akaikiniarivo Antananarivo Madagascar
| | - Kim Valenta
- Department of Anthropology University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
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Fisher S, Fisher RN, Alcaraz SE, Gallo‐Barneto R, Patino‐Martinez C, López‐Jurado LF, Cabrera‐Pérez MÁ, Grismer JL. Reproductive plasticity as an advantage of snakes during island invasion. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Fisher
- Department of Biology La Sierra University 4500 Riverwalk Parkway Riverside California USA
- Western Ecological Research Center U.S. Geological Survey 4615 Spruance Road San Diego California USA
| | - Robert N. Fisher
- Western Ecological Research Center U.S. Geological Survey 4615 Spruance Road San Diego California USA
| | - Sophie E. Alcaraz
- Western Ecological Research Center U.S. Geological Survey 4615 Spruance Road San Diego California USA
| | - Ramón Gallo‐Barneto
- Área de Medio Ambiente Gestión y Planeamiento Territorial y Ambiental (GesPlan S. A.) C/Francisco Gourie, 107‐30 Las Palmas Spain
| | - Clara Patino‐Martinez
- Asociación para el Desarrollo Sostenible y Conservación de la Biodiversidad (ADS) C/Blas de Lezo 55 Aguimes Las Palmas Spain
| | - Luis Felipe López‐Jurado
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Las Palmas Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Cabrera‐Pérez
- Servicio de Biodiversidad, Dirección General de Protección de la Naturaleza Gobierno de Canarias C/Profesor Agustín Millares Carló, 18, 5a planta, Edificio Servicios Múltiples II Las Palmas Spain
| | - Jesse L. Grismer
- Department of Biology La Sierra University 4500 Riverwalk Parkway Riverside California USA
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Do Invasive Mammal Eradications from Islands Support Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation? CLIMATE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cli9120172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Climate change represents a planetary emergency that is exacerbating the loss of native biodiversity. In response, efforts promoting climate change adaptation strategies that improve ecosystem resilience and/or mitigate climate impacts are paramount. Invasive Alien Species are a key threat to islands globally, where strategies such as preventing establishment (biosecurity), and eradication, especially invasive mammals, have proven effective for reducing native biodiversity loss and can also advance ecosystem resilience and create refugia for native species at risk from climate change. Furthermore, there is growing evidence that successful eradications may also contribute to mitigating climate change. Given the cross-sector potential for eradications to reduce climate impacts alongside native biodiversity conservation, we sought to understand when conservation managers and funders explicitly sought to use or fund the eradication of invasive mammals from islands to achieve positive climate outcomes. To provide context, we first summarized available literature of the synergistic relationship between invasive species and climate change, including case studies where invasive mammal eradications served to meet climate adaptation or mitigation solutions. Second, we conducted a systematic review of the literature and eradication-related conference proceedings to identify when these synergistic effects of climate and invasive species were explicitly addressed through eradication practices. Third, we reviewed projects from four large funding entities known to support climate change solutions and/or native biodiversity conservation efforts and identified when eradications were funded in a climate change context. The combined results of our case study summary paired with systematic reviews found that, although eradicating invasive mammals from islands is an effective climate adaptation strategy, island eradications are poorly represented within the climate change adaptation and mitigation funding framework. We believe this is a lost opportunity and encourage eradication practitioners and funders of climate change adaptation to leverage this extremely effective nature-based tool into positive conservation and climate resilience solutions.
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Pike CL, Ramirez IE, Anchundia DJ, Fessl B, Heimpel GE, Causton CE. Behavior of the Avian Parasite Philornis downsi (Diptera: Muscidae) in and Near Host Nests in the Galapagos Islands. JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR 2021; 34:296-311. [PMID: 35153376 PMCID: PMC8813692 DOI: 10.1007/s10905-021-09789-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The Avian Vampire Fly, Philornis downsi, has invaded the Galapagos Islands, where it causes high mortality of endemic and native landbird species, including most species of Darwin's finches. Control methods are under development, but key information is missing about the reproductive biology of P. downsi and the behavior of flies in and near nests of their hosts. We used external and internal nest cameras to record the behavior of P. downsi adults within and outside nests of the Galapagos Flycatcher, Myiarchus magnirostris, throughout all stages of the nesting cycle. These recordings showed that P. downsi visited flycatcher nests throughout the day with higher fly activity during the nestling phase during vespertine hours. The observations also revealed that multiple P. downsi individuals can visit nests concurrently, and that there are some interactions among these flies within the nest. Fly visitation to nests occurred significantly more often while parent birds were away from the nest than in the nest, and this timing appears to be a strategy to avoid predation by parent birds. We report fly mating behavior outside the nest but not in the nest cavity. We discuss the relevance of these findings for the adaptive forces shaping P. downsi life history strategies as well as rearing and control measures. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10905-021-09789-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney L. Pike
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Puerto Ayora, Santa Cruz Ecuador
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Vienna Austria
| | | | - David J. Anchundia
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Puerto Ayora, Santa Cruz Ecuador
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Vienna Austria
| | - Birgit Fessl
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Puerto Ayora, Santa Cruz Ecuador
| | | | - Charlotte E. Causton
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Puerto Ayora, Santa Cruz Ecuador
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Sayol F, Cooke RSC, Pigot AL, Blackburn TM, Tobias JA, Steinbauer MJ, Antonelli A, Faurby S. Loss of functional diversity through anthropogenic extinctions of island birds is not offset by biotic invasions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj5790. [PMID: 34757780 PMCID: PMC8580305 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj5790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Human impacts reshape ecological communities through the extinction and introduction of species. The combined impact of these factors depends on whether non-native species fill the functional roles of extinct species, thus buffering the loss of functional diversity. This question has been difficult to address, because comprehensive information about past extinctions and their traits is generally lacking. We combine detailed information about extinct, extant, and established alien birds to quantify historical changes in functional diversity across nine oceanic archipelagos. We found that alien species often equal or exceed the number of anthropogenic extinctions yet apparently perform a narrower set of functional roles as current island assemblages have undergone a substantial and ubiquitous net loss in functional diversity and increased functional similarity among assemblages. Our results reveal that the introduction of alien species has not prevented anthropogenic extinctions from reducing and homogenizing the functional diversity of native bird assemblages on oceanic archipelagos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferran Sayol
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Robert S. C. Cooke
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Alex L. Pigot
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tim M. Blackburn
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, UK
| | - Joseph A. Tobias
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London Silwood Park, Ascot, UK
| | - Manuel J. Steinbauer
- University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research and Sport Ecology, Department of Sport Science, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Alexandre Antonelli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Søren Faurby
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Unrestricted gene flow between two subspecies of translocated brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) in Aotearoa New Zealand. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02635-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTwo lineages of brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) were historically introduced to Aotearoa New Zealand, and these two subspecies have different phenotypic forms. Despite over 100 years of potential interbreeding, they appear to retain morphological differences, which may indicate reproductive isolation. We examined this using population samples from a confined landscape and scored each specimen for phenotype using a number of fur colour traits. This resulted in a bimodal trait distribution expected for segregated grey and black lineages. We also sought evidence for genetic partitioning based on spatial and temporal effects. Genetic structure and rates of genetic mixing were determined using seven neutral, species-specific nuclear microsatellite markers and mitochondrial DNA control region sequence. Genotype analyses indicated high levels of variation and mtDNA sequences formed two major haplogroups. Pairwise tests for population differentiation of these markers found no evidence of subdivision, indicating that these brushtail possums behave as a single randomly mating unit. Despite maintenance of two main colour phenotypes with relatively few intermediates, previous inference of assortative mating and anecdotes of distinct races, our data indicate that New Zealand brushtail possums can freely interbreed, and that in some locations they have formed completely mixed populations where neutral genetic markers are unrelated to phenotype. This has implications for effective pest management towards eradication.
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Burgess BT, Irvine RL, Howald GR, Russello MA. The Promise of Genetics and Genomics for Improving Invasive Mammal Management on Islands. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.704809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive species are major contributors to global biodiversity decline. Invasive mammalian species (IMS), in particular, have profound negative effects in island systems that contain disproportionally high levels of species richness and endemism. The eradication and control of IMS have become important conservation tools for managing species invasions on islands, yet these management operations are often subject to failure due to knowledge gaps surrounding species- and system-specific characteristics, including invasion pathways and contemporary migration patterns. Here, we synthesize the literature on ways in which genetic and genomic tools have effectively informed IMS management on islands, specifically associated with the development and modification of biosecurity protocols, and the design and implementation of eradication and control programs. In spite of their demonstrated utility, we then explore the challenges that are preventing genetics and genomics from being implemented more frequently in IMS management operations from both academic and non-academic perspectives, and suggest possible solutions for breaking down these barriers. Finally, we discuss the potential application of genome editing to the future management of invasive species on islands, including the current state of the field and why islands may be effective targets for this emerging technology.
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Evans T. Quantifying the global threat to native birds from predation by non-native birds on small islands. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2021; 35:1268-1277. [PMID: 33492713 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Although invasive non-native species can adversely affect biodiversity in many ways, predation of native species by non-native species on islands can be severely damaging. Results of numerous studies document non-native birds preying on birds on islands, but our understanding of the number and type of species affected has been limited by the lack of a global review of these impacts. I identified the non-native bird species that have been recorded preying on birds, the locations where this predation occurred, and the bird species affected. Because the impacts of non-native birds can be particularly severe on small islands, I then identified the islands <500 km2 around the world that are occupied by predatory non-native birds. By taking into account their life-history traits and predation history, I also identified the near-threatened and threatened bird species on these islands that they may prey on. The results indicated that predation by non-native birds was primarily a concern for threatened bird conservation on small islands; almost all predation impacts (91%) on near-threatened and threatened birds were recorded on islands, and median island size was 106 km2 . I also found non-native bird predation was a poorly known and widespread potential threat to avian biodiversity; worldwide, 194 islands of <500 km2 were occupied by predatory non-native birds, but information on their impacts was unavailable for most of these islands. On them, where the impacts of non-native species can be severe, non-native birds may be preying on approximately 6% of the world's near-threatened and threatened bird species. Four non-native bird species I identified have been successfully eradicated from islands. If they were eradicated from the small islands they occupy, 70% of the near-threatened and threatened bird species I identified would no longer be affected by nest predation by non-native birds on small islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Evans
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 1-3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 310, Berlin, 12587, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Königin-Luise-Straße 2-4, Berlin, 14195, Germany
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